315:
22:
170:
241:
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292:(1553–1558), a date roughly consistent with the "two hundred and fifty years ago" reported in 1775, and concluded that the tradition had originated in the 16th century. He suggested that the "1100" date on Biddenden cakes had originally read "1500", and explained the absence of names on prints of 18th century Biddenden cakes as an engraving error. It is likely that the cake moulds examined by Clinch were not the original moulds, as the designs Clinch examined are strikingly different to the earliest surviving drawings of Biddenden cakes, published in 1775. Writing in the early 1930s,
184:
recorded, and that they were known only as the "Maids of
Biddenden". The anonymous author recounts the story of their bequest of the lands to the parish to support the annual dole, and goes on to say that despite the antiquity of the events described, he has no doubt as to their authenticity. As with all accounts of the tradition prior to 1790 the author does not mention their alleged birth in 1100, or the name of Chulkhurst; these details first appeared in a
396:
387:
between the deaths of the
Biddenden Maids is plausible, and agreed with Ballantyne's proposal that the idea that the twins were joined at the shoulder is a later misinterpretation of the figures on the Biddenden cake. He also pointed out that although there is no recorded version of the legend prior to 1770, there would have been no possible motive for the villagers of the eighteenth century to fabricate the story.
207:
moulded with the imprint of two women in the last 50 years (i.e. since 1748) and that the figures were intended to represent "two poor widows, as the general objects of a charitable benefaction". While he mentioned a legend that the figures represent two conjoined twins who died in their 20s and bequeathed the Bread and Cheese Lands to the parish, he dismissed it as "a vulgar tradition".
274:
the adjacent towns and villages by the usage, and the wonderful account of its origin, and the day is spent in rude festivity". The large crowds were increasingly disorderly, and churchwardens on occasion had to use their staffs to hold back the mob. As a result, the distribution of the dole was moved from the church to the
374:(1992 and 2006) proposed that, while the names "Eliza and Mary Chulkhurst" are not recorded in any early documents and are likely to have been a later addition, the existence of the twins and the claimed 1100 year of birth cannot be dismissed. Although mediaeval chronicles are unreliable, he noted multiple reports in the
161:
bread, cheese and beer, hard bread rolls known as "Biddenden cakes", moulded into an image of the sisters, were thrown to crowds from the church roof. The
Biddenden cakes were flat, hard and made of flour and water, and were described as "not by any means tempting"; one writer in 1860 described one as "a biscuit plaque".
79:
thronged with rowdy visitors every Easter. In the late 19th century historians investigated the origins of the legend. It was suggested that the twins had genuinely existed but had been joined at the hip only rather than at both the hip and shoulder, and that they had lived in the 16th rather than the 12th century.
74:, the local historian of Kent, has dismissed the story of the Biddenden Maids as a folk myth, claiming that the image on the cake had originally represented two poor women and that the story of the conjoined twins was "a vulgar tradition" arising from a misinterpretation of the image, while influential historian
278:, but the crowds continued to cause problems. In 1882 Biddenden's rector applied for authority to abandon the ceremony; the Archbishop of Canterbury permitted the distribution of bread, cheese and Biddenden cakes to continue, but abolished the free beer in an effort to combat the problem of unruly crowds.
386:
of a pair of conjoined sisters born in or around 1100, although all three are records of Irish history and none mention Kent as the location. He concluded that the case of
Christine McCoy, who survived for eight hours following the death of her polypagus twin Millie, shows that the claimed six hours
603:, North Carolina in 1851, lived into their 60s and enjoyed a successful musical career under the stage name of "The Two Headed Nightingale". They were particular favourites of Queen Victoria, who met with them each time they toured England. They retired wealthy in 1900, dying of tuberculosis in 1912.
267:
By their will they bequeath to the
Churchwardens of the Parish of Biddenden and their successors Churchwardens for ever, certain Pieces or Parcels of Land in the Parish of Biddenden, containing Twenty Acres more or less, which now let at 40 Guineas per annum. There are usually made, in commemoration
99:
at both the shoulder and the hip. They grew up conjoined, and are said to have "had frequent quarrels, which sometimes terminated in blows". At the age of 34, Mary
Chulkhurst died suddenly. Doctors proposed to separate the still-living Eliza from her sister's body but she refused, saying "as we came
348:
Clinch believed that the evidence pointed to the twins having existed but that they had lived in the 16th century, rather than the early 12th century as generally claimed. They are not, however, mentioned in any journals or books from the period. This points against their having lived in the 16th
273:
In the 1820s, a new account of the
Biddenden Maids was published, which claimed that a gravestone marked with a diagonal line near the rector's pew in Biddenden church was the sisters' burial place. In 1830 it was noted that Biddenden was becoming thronged by visitors every Easter, "attracted from
264:
The reader will observe by the plate of them, that they lived together in the above state Thirty-four years, at the expiration of which time one of them was taken ill and in a short time died; the surviving one was advised to be separated from the body of her deceased Sister by dissection, but she
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magazine called in 1866 for a close examination of
Biddenden documents, the editors describing Hasted's conclusions as "very obscure and unsatisfactory" and questioning why the names "Eliza and Mary Chulkhurst" should have been added to the design of cakes granted by a family named Preston, but no
82:
In 1907, the Bread and Cheese Lands were sold for housing, and the resulting income allowed the annual dole to expand considerably, providing the widows and pensioners of
Biddenden with cheese, bread and tea at Easter and with cash payments at Christmas. Biddenden cakes continue to be given to the
160:
By 1770, it is recorded that the annual dole took place immediately after the afternoon Easter service. The annual income from the Bread and Cheese Lands had risen to 20 guineas (about £3,700 in 2024), and a huge quantity of food was distributed each year. By this time as well as the dole of
550:
Although later writers have stated that
Chambers accepted Hasted's arguments and dismissed the legend of the conjoined twins out of hand, unlike Hasted, Chambers accepted that the legend was potentially true. He concluded that in the absence of any evidence for the sisters having existed, on the
248:
As the annual dole grew larger the Easter distribution became increasingly popular. In 1808 a broadside featuring a woodcut of the twins and a brief history of their alleged story was sold outside the church at Easter, the first recorded mention of the names "Eliza and Mary Chulkhurst", and clay
220:
in 1869 pointed out that surnames were not in use in Kent in the 12th century, and that in older styles of English handwriting the 1 and 5 characters could easily be confused, and suggested a correct birthdate of 1500. The Biddenden Maids were occasionally mentioned in pieces on conjoined twins,
183:
in August 1770 is the earliest recorded account of the legend of the Biddenden Maids. This account states that the twins were joined at the hip only, rather than at both the hip and the shoulder, and that they lived to a relatively old age. The article explicitly states that their names were not
67:
Although the annual distribution of food and drink is known to have taken place since at least 1605, no records exist of the story of the sisters prior to 1770. Records of that time say that the names of the sisters were not known, and early drawings of Biddenden cakes do not give names for the
459:
The moon on the east side oriel shone / Through slender shafts of shapely stone / The silver light, so pale and faint / Shewed the twin sisters and many a saint / Whose images on the glass were dyed / Mysterious maidens side by side / The moon beam kissed the holy
206:
published in 1798, dismissed the legend of the Biddenden Maids. He claimed that the Bread and Cheese Lands were the gift of two women named Preston (although he elsewhere described the lands as having been "given by persons unknown"). Hasted stated that the Biddenden cakes had only begun to be
78:
accepted that the legend could be true but believed it unlikely. Throughout most of the 19th century little research was carried out into the origins of the legend. Despite the doubts among historians, in the 19th century the legend became increasingly popular and the village of Biddenden was
409:
In 1907, the Chulkhurst Charity was amalgamated with other local charities with similar purposes, to form the Biddenden Consolidated Charity, still functioning as a registered charity. The Bread and Cheese Lands were sold for housing, expanding the charity significantly to provide Biddenden
428:
tea, cheese and bread are given to local widows and pensioners through the windows of Biddenden's former workhouse. All those eligible for the annual dole are given a Biddenden cake, and they are sold as souvenirs to visitors. The cakes are baked so hard as to be inedible, to allow better
296:
explains the confusion over the dates, saying "the old-fashioned numeral five is so frequently taken as a one". He lamented the quality of the Biddenden cake then being produced, compared to that of former years. Coles Finch stated that the villagers considered the then-current cake to be
268:
of these wonderful Phenomena of Nature, about 1000 Rolls with their Impression printed on them, and given away to all strangers on Easter Sunday after Divine Service in the Afternoon; also about 500 Quartern Loaves and Cheese in proportion, to all the poor Inhabitants of the said Parish.
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in 1656 but again without success, and the charity continued to own the lands and to operate the annual Easter dole. Witness statements from these cases mention that the lands had been given by two women "who grew together in their bodies", but do not give any name for the women.
429:
preservation as souvenirs; they are baked in large batches every few years and kept until the stock runs out. Historically, the loaves used were of the archaic quartern loaf size, but this particular part of the tradition ended when Biddenden's last bakery closed in the 1990s.
531:
Hasted was an expert on genealogy and topography but knew little about folklore and local tradition, and later critics have often been sceptical regarding his accuracy, especially regarding social and biographical history. His contemporary (and Member of Parliament for nearby
100:
together we will also go together", and died six hours afterwards. In their wills, the sisters left five pieces of land in the Biddenden area comprising around 20 acres (8 ha) in total to the local church, with the income from these lands (claimed to have been 6
340:
In almost all drawings and Biddenden cake designs, the twins are shown as conjoined at both the hip and the shoulder. Although such a fusion is theoretically possible, in that twins fused at one point may form a secondary fusion elsewhere, no case of a
551:
balance of probabilities the figures on the Biddenden cake were more likely to represent "the general objects of a charitable benefaction" and that the story of the twins was likely to be a folk myth created to explain the unusual design of the cakes.
364:(twins joined at the pelvis). Pygopagus twins are known to put their arms around each other's shoulders when walking, and Ballantyne suggested that this accounted for their apparently being joined at the shoulders in drawings. The pygopagus
194:
of 1775 says that the sisters had lived "as tradition says, two hundred and fifty years ago". Drawings of Biddenden cakes from this period show that they featured an image of two women, possibly conjoined, but no names, dates or ages.
52:, Kent, England, in the year 1100. They are said to have been joined at both the shoulder and the hip, and to have lived for 34 years. It is claimed that on their death they bequeathed five plots of land to the village, known as the
320:
The earliest mould examined by Clinch. Clinch believed it dated from the 16th century and Ballantyne that it was from around 1750, but it is likely that it was not in use until the 19th century or that the names were a later
120:
The churchwardens of Biddenden continued to maintain the annual dole from the Bread and Cheese Lands. It is recorded that in 1605, the custom that "on that day our parson giveth unto the parishoners bread, cheese, cakes and
540:
described him as "a little, mean-looking man, with a long face and a high nose; quick in his movements, and sharp in his manner: he had no imagination or sentiment; nor any extraordinary quality of the mind, except
577:
and that they were buried in Hastings, but there is no evidence for this. (No grave is visible near the rector's pew, but the church organ is situated in the site described and it may cover the grave.).
265:
absolutely refused the separation by saying these words—"As we came together we will also go together,"—and in the space of about Six Hours after her Sister's decease she was taken ill and died also.
522:
No family named Preston is recorded as having lived in or near Biddenden during the period in question. Records exist of a family named Chulkhurst living in Biddenden in the 17th and 18th centuries.
368:
had lived in Britain for a short time before going on to a successful singing career in the United States, and it was known from their case that such twins were capable of surviving to adulthood.
104:
per annum at the time of their death) to provide an annual dole of bread, cheese and beer to the poor every Easter. Henceforward, the lands were to be known as the Bread and Cheese Lands.
288:
investigated the Biddenden Maids in detail. Examining the costumes of the figures on the Biddenden cake moulds, he concluded that the style of dress depicted dated from the reign of
1379:
1356:
1702:
353:(1617 – after 1646) had prompted great interest in conjoined twins, and conjoined sisters surviving to adulthood in south-east England would have been widely noted.
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586:
The point about the style of dress depicted on the cakes being that of the 16th, not the 12th, century had previously been made by an anonymous contributor to
141:(land intended for the use of the parish priest), and attempted to take control of the lands. The case of the Bread and Cheese Lands was brought before the
685:
133:, owing to previous ceremonies having caused "much disorder by reason of some unruly ones, which at such time we cannot restrain with any ease". In 1645,
1620:
513:
It has been claimed that an account of the Maids was published in 1660, but this is believed to be a later addition which was pasted into the 1660 book.
819:
285:
173:
The earliest surviving depiction of Biddenden cakes, 1775. The figures are shown as conjoined, but the names, ages and 1100 date are not shown.
504:. Consumer pricing does not translate accurately into modern equivalents; 2024 equivalent prices should be treated as a very rough guide only.
244:
Illustration from the 1808 broadside. Although the image caption uses the spelling "Elisa", the accompanying text gives the name as "Eliza".
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pensioners and widows with bread, cheese, and tea at Easter, a cash payment at Christmas, and distribute Biddenden cakes. (During the
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window depicting the Biddenham Maids, citing a purported poem found in "old charity documents" as evidence, which supposedly read
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142:
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411:
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1712:
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of food and drink to the poor every Easter. Since at least 1775, the dole has included Biddenden cakes, hard
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According to tradition Mary and Eliza Chulkhurst, or Chalkhurst, were born to relatively wealthy parents in
68:
sisters; it is not until the early 19th century that the names "Mary and Eliza Chulkhurst" were first used.
1479:
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of the 1940s and early 1950s, the cheese was replaced by cocoa. Distribution of cheese resumed in 1951.) A
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157:. The distribution of the dole ceased to be conducted inside the church; it was moved to the church porch.
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401:
179:
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Although it is known that the charity had been in operation as early as 1656, an anonymous article in
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In 1681, the "disorder and indecency" of the annual dole led to the threat of intervention by the
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proved that conjoined twins could live to an advanced age and lead relatively normal lives.
145:, who eventually found in favour of the charity in 1649. Horner brought the case before the
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1420:(April 1992), "The Biddenden Maids: a curious chapter in the history of conjoined twins",
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The Bread and Cheese Lands are today occupied by housing, known as the Chulkhurst Estate,
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barrels of beer, brought in there and drawn" was suspended on account of a visit from
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In 1895, surgeon J. W. Ballantyne considered the case of the Biddenden Maids from a
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showing the Biddenden Maids was erected on Biddenden village green in the 1920s.
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In the year of our Lord 1100 at Biddenden in the County of Kent, commonly called
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Freaks: The Pig-Faced Lady of Manchester Square & Other Medical Marvels
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214:, and the story was generally treated as a folk myth. A letter to the
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poor of Biddenden each Easter, and are sold as souvenirs to visitors.
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Lloyd, George (10 February 1866), "Chulkhurst: The Biddenden Maids",
476:; the line given as "Shewed the twin sisters and many a saint" reads
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Hasted's arguments were largely accepted by influential historian
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1571:(2 August 1834), "Autobiography of Sir Egerton Brydges, Bart",
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One source claims that the sisters were taken to the monks at
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The tradition of the dole continues to the present, and every
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Biddenden Consolidated Charity, registered charity no. 209504
914:(66), Cambridge: Cambridge Camden Society: 388, December 1860
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660:
138:
1629:
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William Horner claimed that the Bread and Cheese Lands were
56:. The income from these lands was used to pay for an annual
1278:
963:
1387:. No. 51959. London. 27 March 1951. col C, p. 2.
1364:. No. 51662. London. 11 April 1950. col D, p. 3.
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The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent
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The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent
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significant research into the tradition was carried out.
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A Short but Concise account of Eliza and Mary Chulkhurst
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1428:(4), London: Royal Society of Medicine Press: 217–221,
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who were born joined together by the Hips and Shoulders
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perspective. He suggested that they had in fact been
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769:
496:. The rural Kent economy in this period was based on
405:, 1896, indicates a popular interest in their legend.
1332:
906:"Leicester Agricultural and Archæological Society",
851:
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pane / And threw on the pavement a mystic stain
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claims that Biddenden church at one time featured a
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replicas of Biddenden cakes were sold as souvenirs.
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The Mirror of Literature, Amusement and Instruction
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95:, Kent, in the year 1100. The pair were said to be
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599:Millie and Christine McCoy, born into slavery in
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64:imprinted with an image of two conjoined women.
1097:(1), London: British Medical Association: 363,
1089:Heaton, J. D. (17 April 1869), "United Twins",
500:and involved significant amounts of barter and
492:inflation numbers based on data available from
1588:), ed. (August 1770), "Of Biddenden in Kent",
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824:, Oxford: Pitt Rivers Museum, archived from
713:Cheverells (22 November 1856), "Folk Lore",
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1486:, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co
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399:An engraving of the Biddenden Maids from
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1342:Charity Commission for England and Wales
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345:double fusion has ever been documented.
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1539:, Boston: Phillips, Sampson and Company
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1537:The Poetical Works of Sir Walter Scott
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478:Show'd many a prophet and many a saint
351:Lazarus and Joannes Baptista Colloredo
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165:Origins of the Biddenden Maids legend
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717:, London: Chappell & Co: 404–405
688:from the original on 5 November 2010
560:A quartern loaf used a quarter of a
564:(3½ lb; 1.6 kg) of flour.
13:
918:
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462:. This is in fact an extract from
14:
1849:
1602:
1556:(26), London: T. B. Sharpe: 413,
653:, British History Online: 130–141
143:Committee for Plundered Ministers
29:erected in Biddenden in the 1920s
1136:, London: Chappell & Co: 122
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1544:Sharpe, T. B. (25 April 1846),
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821:Imaging of the Biddenden Maids
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1465:, Stroud: Tempus Publishing,
116:All Saints' Church, Biddenden
1527:, London: Macmillan & Co
1498:, London: C W Daniel Company
469:The Lay of the Last Minstrel
44:(1100–1134), were a pair of
7:
1524:Highways and Byways in Kent
10:
1854:
1723:Hammer Mill (iron furnace)
1434:10.1177/014107689208500413
928:. Biddenden Parish Council
380:Annals of the Four Masters
366:Millie and Christine McCoy
107:
1747:
1731:
1690:
1667:
1579:(675), London: J. Limbird
1546:"Old and Popular customs"
681:What are conjoined twins?
202:, in the third volume of
191:The Antiquarian Repertory
86:
40:), commonly known as the
34:Mary and Eliza Chulkhurst
1609:Biddenden Parish Council
1590:The Gentleman's Magazine
1550:Sharpe's London Magazine
1496:Watermills and Windmills
1380:"Cheese Charity Resumed"
402:The Gentleman's Magazine
390:
180:The Gentleman's Magazine
155:Archbishop of Canterbury
131:Archdeacon of Canterbury
1718:Hammer Mill (corn mill)
1562:2027/njp.32101064477191
1390:(subscription required)
1367:(subscription required)
1091:British Medical Journal
494:Measuring Worth: UK CPI
217:British Medical Journal
1677:Bread and Cheese Lands
1623:exhibited at London's
538:Samuel Egerton Brydges
406:
384:Annals of Clonmacnoise
271:
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147:Court of the Exchequer
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54:Bread and Cheese Lands
30:
1828:People from Biddenden
1780:King Rama VII of Siam
1614:10 April 2012 at the
1357:"An Old Kent Charity"
647:"Parishes: Biddenden"
398:
349:century; the case of
305:Belief and scepticism
251:
243:
236:Growth of the charity
172:
115:
24:
1492:Coles Finch, William
433:Notes and references
333:Biddenden cake, 1896
223:Chang and Eng Bunker
1670:parish of Biddenden
1287:, pp. 248–249.
972:, pp. 241–242.
828:on 27 December 2010
802:, pp. 238–239.
669:, pp. 237–238.
294:William Coles Finch
261:The Biddenden Maids
221:particularly after
188:published in 1790.
48:supposedly born in
1668:Locations with the
1596:, London: D. Henry
1508:The Every-Day Book
1323:, pp. 249–50.
908:The Ecclesiologist
451:Pitt Rivers Museum
407:
376:Chronicon Scotorum
246:
175:
118:
31:
1798:
1797:
1713:Cherry Clack Mill
1708:Biddenden Station
1383:. News in Brief.
1360:. News in Brief.
1134:Notes and Queries
715:Notes and Queries
588:Notes and Queries
228:Notes and Queries
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487:
481:
480:in the original.
447:
330:
317:
299:unleavened bread
127:Charles Fotherby
1853:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1818:Conjoined twins
1803:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1765:Mary Chulkhurst
1743:
1727:
1686:
1682:Woolpack Corner
1669:
1663:
1658:
1621:Biddenden cakes
1616:Wayback Machine
1605:
1600:
1519:Jerrold, Walter
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212:Robert Chambers
167:
110:
89:
76:Robert Chambers
46:conjoined twins
42:Biddenden Maids
17:
16:Conjoined twins
12:
11:
5:
1851:
1841:
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1815:
1796:
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1767:
1762:
1757:
1755:Thomas Bickley
1751:
1749:
1745:
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1739:The West House
1735:
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1726:
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1698:Bettenham Mill
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1625:Science Museum
1618:
1604:
1603:External links
1601:
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1565:
1541:
1529:
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1500:
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1455:
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1403:, p. 237.
1393:
1370:
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1311:, p. 221.
1301:
1299:, p. 259.
1289:
1277:
1275:, p. 248.
1265:
1263:, p. 247.
1253:
1251:, p. 220.
1234:
1232:, p. 250.
1222:
1220:, p. 246.
1210:
1198:
1196:, p. 244.
1183:
1181:, p. 219.
1166:
1164:, p. 240.
1151:
1149:, p. 445.
1139:
1124:
1122:, p. 243.
1109:
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1079:, p. 257.
1066:
1064:, p. 427.
1049:
1037:
1035:, p. 219.
1025:
1023:, p. 241.
1004:
1002:, p. 245.
989:
987:, p. 242.
974:
962:
960:, p. 218.
939:
917:
898:
896:, p. 413.
886:
884:, p. 239.
871:
869:, p. 372.
850:
838:
804:
792:
790:, p. 258.
780:
778:, p. 218.
768:
766:, p. 238.
743:
741:, p. 217.
720:
698:
671:
656:
643:Hasted, Edward
622:
615:
614:
605:
592:
579:
566:
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498:tenant farming
482:
441:
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412:food rationing
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15:
9:
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3:
2:
1850:
1839:
1836:
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1833:English twins
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1823:Kent folklore
1821:
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1533:Scott, Walter
1530:
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1509:
1505:
1504:Hone, William
1501:
1497:
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1472:0-7524-3662-7
1468:
1464:
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1459:Bondeson, Jan
1456:
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1418:Bondeson, Jan
1415:
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1402:
1401:Bondeson 2006
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1337:
1329:
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1321:Bondeson 2006
1317:
1310:
1309:Bondeson 1992
1305:
1298:
1297:Bondeson 2006
1293:
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1285:Bondeson 2006
1281:
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1269:
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1261:Bondeson 2006
1257:
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1249:Bondeson 1992
1245:
1243:
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1239:
1231:
1230:Bondeson 2006
1226:
1219:
1218:Bondeson 2006
1214:
1208:, p. 92.
1207:
1202:
1195:
1194:Bondeson 2006
1190:
1188:
1180:
1179:Bondeson 1992
1175:
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1078:
1077:Bondeson 2006
1073:
1071:
1063:
1062:Chambers 1863
1058:
1056:
1054:
1047:, p. 96.
1046:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1021:Bondeson 2006
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1001:
1000:Bondeson 2006
996:
994:
986:
985:Bondeson 2006
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979:
971:
970:Bondeson 2006
966:
959:
958:Bondeson 1992
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
927:
921:
913:
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902:
895:
890:
883:
882:Bondeson 2006
878:
876:
868:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
848:, p. 24.
847:
842:
827:
823:
822:
815:
813:
811:
809:
801:
800:Bondeson 2006
796:
789:
788:Bondeson 2006
784:
777:
772:
765:
764:Bondeson 2006
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
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739:Bondeson 1992
735:
733:
731:
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709:
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687:
683:
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667:Bondeson 2006
663:
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583:
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557:
547:
539:
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528:
519:
510:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
479:
475:
474:Melrose Abbey
472:, describing
471:
470:
465:
461:
456:
455:stained glass
452:
446:
442:
440:
439:
430:
427:
426:Easter Monday
422:
420:
417:
413:
404:
403:
397:
388:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
358:teratological
354:
352:
346:
344:
329:
316:
302:
300:
295:
291:
287:
286:George Clinch
284:
279:
277:
269:
262:
250:
242:
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230:
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200:Edward Hasted
196:
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105:
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98:
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84:
80:
77:
73:
72:Edward Hasted
69:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
25:Wrought-iron
23:
19:
1800:
1785:Elias Sydall
1775:Edward Nares
1764:
1759:
1676:
1593:
1589:
1576:
1572:
1553:
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1507:
1495:
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1425:
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1396:
1384:
1373:
1361:
1350:
1335:
1328:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1142:
1133:
1127:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1040:
1033:Jerrold 1914
1028:
965:
930:. Retrieved
920:
911:
907:
901:
889:
841:
830:, retrieved
826:the original
820:
795:
783:
776:Jerrold 1914
771:
714:
690:, retrieved
680:
674:
650:
618:
617:
608:
595:
587:
582:
575:Battle Abbey
569:
556:
546:
527:
518:
509:
485:
477:
467:
464:Walter Scott
458:
445:
437:
436:
423:
419:village sign
416:wrought iron
408:
400:
372:Jan Bondeson
370:
355:
347:
339:
280:
272:
260:
253:
247:
226:
215:
209:
203:
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189:
178:
176:
159:
152:
119:
90:
81:
70:
66:
53:
41:
37:
33:
32:
27:village sign
18:
1838:1100 births
1790:John Winder
1770:Robert Kahn
1586:Edward Cave
1569:Timbs, John
1512:Thomas Tegg
932:22 November
894:Sharpe 1846
283:antiquarian
1807:Categories
1732:Businesses
1510:, London:
1045:Timbs 1834
867:Urban 1770
846:Scott 1855
832:13 October
692:15 October
619:References
198:Historian
38:Chalkhurst
1691:Buildings
1661:Biddenden
1385:The Times
1362:The Times
1147:Hone 1830
534:Maidstone
362:pygopagus
321:addition.
281:In 1900,
276:workhouse
186:broadside
97:conjoined
93:Biddenden
50:Biddenden
1813:Biscuits
1612:Archived
1535:(1855),
1521:(1914),
1506:(1830),
1494:(1933),
1482:(1863),
1461:(2006),
686:archived
645:(1798),
590:in 1856.
541:memory."
466:'s 1805
382:and the
62:biscuits
1452:1433064
1443:1294728
1410:Sources
1104:2259775
684:, BBC,
108:History
102:guineas
1748:People
1703:Church
1469:
1450:
1440:
1101:
926:"Home"
490:UK CPI
378:, the
343:viable
290:Mary I
135:rector
129:, the
123:divers
87:Legend
562:stone
438:Notes
391:Today
139:glebe
1467:ISBN
1448:PMID
1095:1869
934:2010
834:2010
694:2010
449:The
58:dole
36:(or
1558:hdl
1438:PMC
1430:doi
1099:PMC
1809::
1594:40
1592:,
1577:24
1575:,
1552:,
1548:,
1446:,
1436:,
1426:85
1424:,
1340:.
1237:^
1186:^
1169:^
1154:^
1112:^
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1052:^
1007:^
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977:^
942:^
912:27
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1560::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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