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Black Speech

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877: 355: 335: 2373: 786:" for his slaves. He stated that as the only language of this type in Middle-earth, this made the Black Speech more important than it would appear from the few words Tolkien defined for it. Further, Tolkien wrote that it was made in mockery of Quenya, in other words that it was an evil language shadowing "the linguistic embodiment of good", and indeed, Meile wrote, it had many correspondences with Quenya. For instance, the word for 1064:, "something of a rarity even now". Further, in the 1940s ergativity was a recent linguistic discovery, so that Tolkien was making use of the newest research in his favourite field. In Ashford's view, given the "striking parallels" in both syntax and morphology, the "mysterious history", and the "topical interest" of Hurrian at that time, the case for a Hurrian connection is persuasive. 812:'s theory of symbolic vocal gestures that convey emotions. She notes that Tolkien's inspiration was "primarily linguistic"; and that he had invented the stories "to provide a world for the languages", which in turn were "agreeable to personal aesthetic". She compares two samples of Elvish (one Sindarin, one Quenya) and one of Black Speech, tabulating the proportions of 270:. ... I have tried to play fair linguistically, and it is meant to have a meaning not be a mere casual group of nasty noises, though an accurate transcription would even nowadays only be printable in the higher and artistically more advanced form of literature. According to my taste such things are best left to Orcs, ancient and modern. 914:
appearing in 1941. Fauskanger corresponded with Nemirovski, and notes that Nemirovski argued that Tolkien designed Black Speech "after some acquaintance with Hurrian-Urartian language(s)." The evidence that Nemirovski presented for this is entirely linguistic, based on similarities of the elements of
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Tolkien's attitude to the Black Speech is revealed in one of his letters. From a fan, Tolkien received a goblet with the Ring inscription on it in Black Speech. Because the Black Speech in general is an accursed language, and the Ring inscription in particular is a vile spell, Tolkien never drank out
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The Black Speech was by Tolkien's real intention, and Sauron's fictional one also, a harshly guttural language "with such sounds as sh, gh, zg; indeed," wrote Hostetter, "establishing this effect, as well as the bits of grammar needed to lend the Ring-inscription linguistic verisimilitude, seems to
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created the Black Speech "in a perverse antiparallel of Aulë's creation of Khuzdul for the Dwarves". Sauron attempted to impose Black Speech as the official language of the lands he dominated and all his servants, but in this he was only partially successful. Black Speech influenced the
782:'s dystopian language, noted that it was "doubly artificial": where the Elvish languages were Tolkien's invention, the Black Speech was also a constructed language in his invented Middle-earth, since it had been created by the Dark Lord Sauron as an "evil 265:
The Black Speech was not intentionally modelled on any style, but was meant to be self consistent, very different from Elvish, yet organized and expressive, as would be expected of a device of Sauron before his complete corruption. It was evidently an
860:) to vowels. She concludes that Tolkien's constructed languages were certainly individual to him, but that their "linguistic patterns resulted from his keen sense of phonetic metaphor", so that the languages subtly contribute to the " 770:
in Elvish than in either English or Black Speech. He stated that these consistent differences were "sufficiently prominent" to make Elvish sound "pleasant and harmonious", whereas Black Speech sounded "harsh and strident".
174:. Scholars note that Tolkien constructed this to be plausible linguistically, and to sound rough and harsh. The scholar Alexandre Nemirovski, on linguistic evidence, has proposed that Tolkien based it on the ancient 4111: 356: 876: 4019: 4011: 578:
comment that this is Tolkien's subjective view, as it is difficult to identify which sounds might have been experienced as hideous. Fauskanger suggests that the Elves did not like the
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certainly, the harsh vowels and jagged consonants and consonant clusters lend themselves to rough and rasping pronunciation, a fitting evocation of the voices of Orcs.
307:", Tolkien stated, and it was "never used willingly by any other people"; for this reason, "even the names of places in Mordor are in English", representing Westron. 6034: 6245: 3611: 4104: 1926: 5894: 4090: 4055: 3932: 802: 6157: 3786: 2313: 570:
so full of harsh and hideous sounds and vile words that other mouths found it difficult to compass, and few indeed were willing to make the attempt
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a linguistic heresy. Iconicity in J. R. R. Tolkien's invented languages". In Tabakowska, ElĆŒbieta; Ljungberg, Christina; Fischer, Olga (eds.).
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of Black Speech is similar to speech affected by aggressive emotions, which has a higher proportion of consonants (especially
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The Swedish linguist Nils-Lennart Johannesson compared the phonology and syllable structure of the Black Speech with those of
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Insistent Images. Iconicity in language and literature. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium in Language and Literature
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Proceedings of the First International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien's Invented Languages Omentielva Minya
820:. The Black Speech is 63% consonants, compared to the Elvish samples' 52% and 55%. Among other features, 672: 2888: 790:, the monsters made in mockery of the Elves, is Quenya "urco, orco", which becomes Black Speech "Uruk". 5685: 5567: 5562: 5527: 5333: 4845: 4535: 4444: 4413: 4331: 4307: 3462: 2774: 2736: 2726: 2684: 2601: 2390: 2248: 1943: 1824: 6199: 6094: 6007: 5911: 5762: 5726: 5159: 4830: 4756: 4572: 4325: 4286: 4149: 3525: 3482: 3441: 3192: 2355: 2288: 2132: 1175: 6136: 6002: 5697: 5670: 5648: 5592: 5351: 4488: 3285: 2808: 2716: 2689: 2621: 2413: 676:, Christopher Tolkien gives the translation: "UglĂșk to the cesspool, sha! the dungfilth; the great 152: 4654: 3434: 5957: 5805: 5709: 5522: 5502: 5497: 4932: 4915: 4901: 4493: 3550: 2898: 2861: 2731: 2571: 2556: 2551: 1679: 1520: 6080: 5820: 5702: 5607: 5597: 5001: 4957: 4937: 4780: 4718: 4565: 4542: 3647: 3555: 3295: 3159: 3133: 2813: 2636: 2626: 2274: 2262: 2163: 1308: 801:
term for "phonetic fitness", of Tolkien's constructed languages. She analyses them in light of
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Meile, M. G. (2020) . "Sauron's Newspeak: Black Speech, Quenya, and the nature of mind".
1425: 1222: 807: 3074: 2476: 686:, it is translated: "UglĂșk to the dung-pit with stinking Saruman-filth, pig-guts, gah!" 5815: 4483: 3859: 3823: 3707: 3640: 3497: 3321: 1762: 1339: 1160: 1123: 457: 454: 380: 19:
This article is about the fictional language. For the variety of American English, see
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The Russian historian Alexandre Nemirovski claimed a strong similarity to the extinct
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have been about the extent of Tolkien's work on this language." David Ashford, in the
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A drawing of the inscription and a translation provided by Gandalf appears in
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the agglutinative forms of Black Speech; Hurrian was similarly agglutinative.
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The annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, v. 20, N.H. 1941.
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devised as unpleasant by Sauron for his Orcs, and described by Tolkien as
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Ashford, David (2018). "'Orc Talk': Soviet Linguistics in Middle-Earth".
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used what little is known of the Black Speech to invent two phrases:
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Parallels perceived by Nemirovski between Black Speech and Hurrian
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Ashford writes that the Black Speech is at once agglutinative and
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Little is known of the Black Speech except the inscription on the
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Orkish and the Black Speech - base language for base purposes
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The Black Speech is one of the more fragmentary languages in
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The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary
713:
Gû kßbum kelkum-ishi, burzum-ishi. Akha gûm-ishi ashi gurum.
4187: 3138: 680:-fool, skai!". However, in a note published in the journal 647:
The only known sample of debased Black Speech/Orkish is in
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One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.
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in, inside (placed after noun usually in Black Speech).
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Tolkien stated that when coining the Black Speech word
836:) are much rarer in Black Speech than in Elvish, while 167:
to be the sole language of all the servants of Mordor.
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UglĂșk u bagronk sha pushdug Saruman-glob bĂșbhosh skai!
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M. G. Meile, labelling the Black Speech as "Sauron's
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A few Black Speech words are given in Appendix F of
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languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien
1604:Semiotics around the World: Synthesis in Diversity 1585:"Quenya, the Black Speech and the Sonority Scale" 1297: 1141: 871: 371:One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, 344: 6227: 1213: 1211: 1209: 653:, where a "yellow-fanged" Mordor Orc curses the 1412: 1410: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1317: 348:ash nazg thrakatulĂ»k agh burzum-ishi krimpatul. 275:of the goblet, and used it only as an ashtray. 793:The linguist Joanna Podhorodecka examines the 6246:Constructed languages introduced in the 1940s 4445: 2190: 1934: 1920: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1206: 6165:Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings 1790: 1672: 1634: 1475: 1473: 1407: 1314: 1291: 1279: 1267: 1255: 6123:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion 1801:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion 1720: 1582: 1203:, #343 to Sterling Lanier, 21 November 1972 310: 155:, where it was spoken in the evil realm of 4452: 4438: 2197: 2183: 1927: 1913: 1457: 1455: 1362: 644:meaning "wraith(s)", hence "ringwraith". 585:employed by the Orcs. The Tolkien scholar 464:) in completive or total form "them-all". 2204: 1761: 1714: 1470: 1217: 1200: 1081:("ring, fastening, tie"). He denied that 6158:Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England' 6109:The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide 6035:Things named after Tolkien and his works 1818: 1514:Smith, Susan Lampert (19 January 2003). 1304: 875: 6102:J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century 4382:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game 1850: 1678: 1606:. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 219–222. 1452: 1416: 1356: 1327: 1106:of location, or (to borrow a term from 1071:, he might have been influenced by the 1053:(perhaps: if of a rope, to tie tightly) 346:Ash nazg durbatulĂ»k, ash nazg gimbatul, 16:Fictional language by J. R. R. Tolkien 6228: 4294:The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game 2482:The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late 1726: 1381: 936:(possible Black Speech interpretation) 884:, seen here on the Foundation Tablet, 880:Black Speech has been compared to the 4433: 3476: 2178: 1908: 1686:. Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers. 1601: 1571:Featured in 'The Treason of Isengard' 1513: 4774:The History of The Lord of the Rings 4389:The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game 1717:, #297 draft to Mr Rang, August 1967 1524:. William K. Johnston. pp. C1. 1479: 1331:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 752:Tolkien's two major Elvish languages 689: 559:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 540: 278: 3612:Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings 1154: 201:. Unlike his extensive work on the 13: 6186:Tolkien, Race and Cultural History 6060:The Complete Guide to Middle-earth 4375:Middle-earth Collectible Card Game 2159:Sound and language in Middle-earth 1583:Johannesson, Nils-Lennart (2007). 551:Sound and language in Middle-earth 333: 178:, which like the Black Speech was 14: 6257: 6151:Tolkien and the Invention of Myth 4407:Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game 4337:Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith 1883: 1635:Podhorodecka, Joanna (2007). "Is 1431:The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia 1228:The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia 1168: 605: 283:The linguist and Tolkien scholar 4750:The Lost Road and Other Writings 4459: 2371: 1491:, on Midgardsmal. Archived from 762:. He found that there were more 746:Comparison with Elvish languages 733:, meaning 'only', is taken from 574:Linguists including Ashford and 6067:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien 5944:Poems and Songs of Middle Earth 5666:Finnish language and literature 4636:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien 3421:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien 1768:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien 1708: 1663: 1628: 1595: 1576: 1548: 1507: 595:sound and meaning went together 303:The language was used "only in 6207:The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien 6179:Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth 5456:Ancestry as guide to character 4592:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil 4106:The Battle for Middle-earth II 3867:Peter Jackson's interpretation 3369:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil 2522:Ancestry as guide to character 1770:: Revised and Expanded Edition 1194: 958:something predestined to occur 872:Parallels to natural languages 327:. It is written in the Elvish 319:of "pure" Black Speech is the 1: 6116:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia 4580:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen 4301:The One Ring Roleplaying Game 2296:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen 1386:"Orkish and the Black Speech" 1134: 885: 49: 4190:The Lord of the Rings Online 2065:Elvish Linguistic Fellowship 1420:(2013) . "Poems by Tolkien: 1092:Mark Mandel, writing in the 1044: 1019: 998: 977: 952: 190: 7: 5639:Tolkien's impact on fantasy 4807:The Peoples of Middle-earth 4742:The Shaping of Middle-earth 4092:The Battle for Middle-earth 3999:Game Two: Shadows of Mordor 3428:The History of Middle-earth 2361:Tolkien's impact on fantasy 1861:The Peoples of Middle-earth 1117: 868:aspects of his mythology". 740: 673:The Peoples of Middle-earth 494:bring by force, hale, drag 426:constrain, force, dominate 10: 6262: 5313:List of weapons and armour 4846:The Nature of Middle-earth 4536:The Fellowship of the Ring 4414:Lego The Lord of the Rings 4308:Adventures in Middle-earth 4143:Lego The Lord of the Rings 4113:The Rise of the Witch-king 4050:The Fellowship of the Ring 3787:The Fellowship of the Ring 3463:The Nature of Middle-earth 3339:List of weapons and armour 2249:The Fellowship of the Ring 1825:The Fellowship of the Ring 1755: 1645:. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: 961:(perhaps: an evil destiny) 544: 396:Tolkien's English glosses 185: 18: 6200:Tolkien and the Great War 6047: 6008:Works inspired by Tolkien 5990: 5923: 5912:Nightfall in Middle-Earth 5844: 5761: 5752: 5727:The Atlas of Middle-earth 5718: 5631: 5441: 5332: 5325: 5268: 5158: 5010: 4872: 4861: 4831:The History of The Hobbit 4816: 4703: 4694: 4601: 4573:The Scouring of the Shire 4509: 4502: 4467: 4398: 4366: 4317: 4287:Middle-earth Role Playing 4276: 4150:Guardians of Middle-earth 3974: 3943: 3893: 3847: 3813: 3781: 3770: 3727: 3718: 3659: 3601: 3574: 3524: 3489: 3472: 3442:The History of The Hobbit 3351: 3304: 3278: 3191: 3182: 3152: 3087: 2887: 2842: 2833: 2750: 2675: 2507: 2389: 2380: 2369: 2289:The Scouring of the Shire 2237: 2214: 2117: 2057: 2029: 1993: 1942: 1936:Languages of Middle-earth 1612:10.1515/9783110820065-030 1176:"What is aggulutination?" 449:verbal ending expressing 383:, a verse describing the 331:script, with flourishes: 287:wrote that the Dark Lord 127: 108: 103: 77: 69: 58: 45: 35: 30: 6137:The Road to Middle-Earth 6003:Middle-earth Enterprises 4649:The three "Great Tales" 1292:Hammond & Scull 2005 1280:Hammond & Scull 2005 1268:Hammond & Scull 2005 1256:Hammond & Scull 2005 620:, meaning "Dark Tower" ( 379:The couplet is from the 311:The One Ring inscription 147:is one of the fictional 5958:An Evening in Rivendell 5831:Margrethe II of Denmark 5710:A mythology for England 4043:Vol. II: The Two Towers 3760:The War of the Rohirrim 3561:Margrethe II of Denmark 2732:A mythology for England 1684:Introduction to Hurrian 1521:Wisconsin State Journal 1461:Appendix E typescript, 912:Introduction to Hurrian 345: 252:means "in our houses". 248:means "in". Therefore, 215:agglutinative languages 6236:Middle-earth languages 6081:Master of Middle-Earth 5603:Psychological journeys 5167:First and Second Ages 5019:First and Second Ages 4781:The Notion Club Papers 4719:The Book of Lost Tales 4566:The Return of the King 4543:The Shadow of the Past 4064:The Return of the King 3803:The Return of the King 3748:The Return of the King 3648:The Battle of Evermore 2632:Psychological journeys 2275:The Shadow of the Past 2263:The Return of the King 2164:Sundering of the Elves 1733:"The Ring-Inscription" 1309:The Shadow of the Past 1085:had any connection to 1028:(perhaps: in the dark) 891: 613:The Return of the King 603: 572: 376: 367: 338: 272: 268:agglutinative language 254: 6241:Constructed languages 6193:Tolkien's Legendarium 5937:The Road Goes Ever On 5879:The Lord of the Rings 5864:The Lord of the Rings 5740:A Map of Middle-earth 5483:Death and immortality 5286:Red Book of Westmarch 4799:The War of the Jewels 4734:The Lays of Beleriand 4655:The Children of HĂșrin 4550:The Council of Elrond 4529:The Lord of the Rings 3736:The Lord of the Rings 3700:The Lord of the Rings 3680:The Lord of the Rings 3668:The Lord of the Rings 3621:The Lord of the Rings 3534:A Map of Middle-earth 3435:The Children of HĂșrin 3393:The Road Goes Ever On 2537:Death and immortality 2487:The Road Goes Ever On 2464:A Elbereth Gilthoniel 2282:The Council of Elrond 2227:The Lord of the Rings 2207:The Lord of the Rings 2153:The Lord of the Rings 2151:Pseudotranslation in 1982:A Elbereth Gilthoniel 1899:Black Speech analysis 1894:Helge KĂ„re Fauskanger 1831:The Lord of the Rings 1727:Mandel, Mark (1965). 1556:"Soundtrack Analysis" 1422:The Lord of the Rings 1129:Constructed languages 1050:to make longer fully 904:The Lord of the Rings 879: 697:The Lord of the Rings 599: 589:writes that the word 568: 545:Further information: 368: 341: 337: 263: 236:indicates plurality, 211: 198:The Lord of the Rings 5972:At Dawn in Rivendell 5965:A Night in Rivendell 5952:The Tolkien Ensemble 5786:Brothers Hildebrandt 5308:Two Trees of Valinor 4671:The Fall of Gondolin 3985:Journey to Rivendell 3692:Hordes of the Things 3456:The Fall of Gondolin 3144:Watcher in the Water 3112:Witch-king of Angmar 2309:List of translations 1649:. pp. 103–110. 1438:. pp. 245–246. 1394:University of Bergen 1383:Fauskanger, Helge K. 1098:in 1965, wrote that 1025:to see, to be blind 694:For Peter Jackson's 636:is a combination of 564:constructed language 436:verb ending, like a 165:constructed language 83:Constructed language 5476:Round World dilemma 5028:EĂ€rendil and Elwing 4681:The Fall of NĂșmenor 4006:War in Middle Earth 3952:The Hunt for Gollum 3506:The Last Ringbearer 2792:Narrative structure 2787:Impression of depth 2404:Company of the Ring 1856:Christopher Tolkien 1763:Carpenter, Humphrey 1680:Speiser, Ephraim A. 1426:Michael D. C. Drout 1223:Michael D. C. Drout 1124:Fictional languages 1004:to take, to gather 920: 640:meaning "ring" and 632:, "fire". The name 597:, commenting that 474:seek out, discover 6095:A Question of Time 5897:The Rings of Power 5816:Alexander Korotich 5613:Sound and language 5493:Dreams and visions 4249:War of Three Peaks 3926:The Rings of Power 3860:Hobbiton Movie Set 3824:Concerning Hobbits 3708:Der Herr der Ringe 3641:Misty Mountain Hop 3498:Bored of the Rings 3322:Phial of Galadriel 2652:Sound and language 2547:Dreams and visions 2517:Addiction to power 2073:Parma Eldalamberon 1536:on 5 December 2004 1338:(1 (101)): 26–40. 1219:Hostetter, Carl F. 1182:. 29 November 2021 1161:Parma Eldalamberon 933:Meaning in Hurrian 918: 892: 778:" by analogy with 381:Rhyme of the Rings 339: 6223: 6222: 6172:A Tolkien Compass 6088:Picturing Tolkien 6074:Interrupted Music 6043: 6042: 5979:Leaving Rivendell 5748: 5747: 5734:Journeys of Frodo 5588:Old Straight Road 5578:Naming of weapons 5321: 5320: 5068:LĂșthien and Beren 4857: 4856: 4839:Carl F. Hostetter 4690: 4689: 4663:Beren and LĂșthien 4644:Bilbo's Last Song 4427: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4350:Lord of the Rings 4272: 4271: 4263:Before the Shadow 4207:Siege of Mirkwood 3970: 3969: 3889: 3888: 3873:Picturing Tolkien 3591:Lord of the Rings 3544:Barbara Remington 3449:Beren and LĂșthien 3400:Bilbo's Last Song 3347: 3346: 3178: 3177: 2829: 2828: 2780:Pseudotranslation 2770:Editorial framing 2765:Character pairing 2612:Naming of weapons 2172: 2171: 2089:Carl F. Hostetter 2079:Anthony Appleyard 1875:978-0-395-82760-4 1852:Tolkien, J. R. R. 1820:Tolkien, J. R. R. 1811:978-0-00-720907-1 1804:. HarperCollins. 1792:Hammond, Wayne G. 1783:978-0-35-865298-4 1693:978-1-4982-8811-8 1445:978-1-1358-8033-0 1307:, book 1, ch. 2 " 1242:978-1-1358-8033-0 1156:Tolkien, J. R. R. 1058: 1057: 690:In film and music 616:. These include 541:Sound and meaning 538: 537: 285:Carl F. Hostetter 279:Fictional history 242:means "our", and 141: 140: 88:Artistic language 59:Setting and usage 6253: 6144:Splintered Light 5759: 5758: 5583:Northern courage 5508:Environmentalism 5488:Decline and fall 5411:Tolkien's poetry 5330: 5329: 5048:FinwĂ« and MĂ­riel 4870: 4869: 4824:John D. Rateliff 4701: 4700: 4628:Unfinished Tales 4611:The Silmarillion 4507: 4506: 4472:J. R. R. Tolkien 4454: 4447: 4440: 4431: 4430: 4256:Fate of Gundabad 4214:Rise of Isengard 4185: 4184: 4157:Shadow of Mordor 4136:War in the North 4084:Game Boy Advance 3779: 3778: 3725: 3724: 3483:derivative works 3474: 3473: 3414:Unfinished Tales 3407:The Silmarillion 3189: 3188: 2840: 2839: 2617:Northern courage 2562:Environmentalism 2542:Decline and fall 2477:Song of EĂ€rendil 2387: 2386: 2375: 2220:J. R. R. Tolkien 2199: 2192: 2185: 2176: 2175: 2084:Helge Fauskanger 1944:Elvish languages 1929: 1922: 1915: 1906: 1905: 1879: 1866:Houghton Mifflin 1847: 1836:Houghton Mifflin 1815: 1796:Scull, Christina 1787: 1749: 1748: 1724: 1718: 1712: 1706: 1705: 1676: 1670: 1667: 1661: 1660: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1599: 1593: 1592: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1552: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1532:. Archived from 1511: 1505: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1483:(24 June 2013). 1477: 1468: 1459: 1450: 1449: 1414: 1405: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1379: 1360: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1325: 1312: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1253: 1247: 1246: 1215: 1204: 1198: 1192: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1180:Turkish Textbook 1172: 1166: 1165: 1152: 1047: 1022: 1001: 983:"fully, really" 980: 955: 921: 917: 896:Hurrian language 890: 887: 882:Hurrian language 843: 827: 811: 766:sounds and more 576:Helge Fauskanger 390: 389: 363: 362: 361: 359: 350: 260: 258:Turkish Textbook 203:Elvish languages 176:Hurrian language 122: 113: 54: 53: 1945–1973 51: 40:J. R. R. Tolkien 28: 27: 6261: 6260: 6256: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6251: 6250: 6226: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6130:Perilous Realms 6050: 6039: 5986: 5919: 5862:Symphony No. 1 5840: 5801:Donato Giancola 5754: 5744: 5714: 5661:Classical world 5627: 5518:First World War 5437: 5317: 5264: 5216:Lonely Mountain 5154: 5006: 4877: 4864: 4853: 4812: 4757:The Etymologies 4707: 4696: 4686: 4597: 4511: 4498: 4463: 4458: 4428: 4419: 4394: 4362: 4357:War of the Ring 4332:War of the Ring 4313: 4278: 4268: 4221:Riders of Rohan 4183: 4178:Return to Moria 4129:Aragorn's Quest 4071:War of the Ring 4029:Riders of Rohan 3966: 3939: 3902:Sagan om ringen 3885: 3880:Tolkien on Film 3843: 3809: 3773: 3766: 3714: 3655: 3619:Symphony No. 1 3597: 3570: 3520: 3485: 3468: 3353: 3343: 3300: 3291:Pelennor Fields 3274: 3174: 3148: 3083: 2890: 2883: 2825: 2746: 2707:First World War 2702:Classical world 2671: 2503: 2376: 2367: 2233: 2232: 2210: 2203: 2173: 2168: 2133:The Etymologies 2113: 2053: 2025: 1994:Other languages 1989: 1969:Respective case 1938: 1933: 1901:by Craig Daniel 1886: 1876: 1812: 1784: 1765:, ed. (2023) . 1758: 1753: 1752: 1737:Tolkien Journal 1725: 1721: 1713: 1709: 1694: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1657: 1633: 1629: 1622: 1600: 1596: 1581: 1577: 1564: 1562: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1539: 1537: 1512: 1508: 1498: 1496: 1478: 1471: 1460: 1453: 1446: 1415: 1408: 1398: 1396: 1380: 1363: 1355: 1351: 1326: 1315: 1302: 1298: 1290: 1286: 1278: 1274: 1266: 1262: 1254: 1250: 1243: 1235:. p. 343. 1216: 1207: 1199: 1195: 1185: 1183: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1153: 1142: 1137: 1120: 1108:Finnish grammar 1095:Tolkien Journal 1052: 1027: 959: 935: 888: 874: 805: 748: 743: 692: 628:, "slave", and 608: 553: 547:Sound symbolism 543: 377: 375: 372: 366: 357: 354: 353: 351: 347: 313: 281: 262: 256: 230:means "house", 210: 193: 188: 153:his legendarium 120: 109: 99: 52: 36:Created by 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6259: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6196: 6189: 6182: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6154: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6126: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6098: 6091: 6084: 6077: 6070: 6063: 6055: 6053: 6045: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6005: 6000: 5994: 5992: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5975: 5968: 5961: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5940: 5927: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5917: 5916: 5915: 5906:Blind Guardian 5903: 5902: 5901: 5892: 5883: 5869: 5868: 5867: 5854: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5771:Pauline Baynes 5767: 5765: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5742: 5737: 5730: 5722: 5720: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5712: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5695: 5694: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5641: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5558:Mental illness 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5479: 5478: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5447: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5369: 5364: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5338: 5336: 5327: 5323: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5291:Rings of Power 5288: 5283: 5278: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5260: 5259: 5258: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5185: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5164: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5095: 5093:TĂșrin Turambar 5090: 5088:Tuor and Idril 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5016: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4993: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4883: 4881: 4867: 4859: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4836: 4835: 4834: 4820: 4818: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4802: 4794: 4791:Morgoth's Ring 4786: 4785: 4784: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4760: 4745: 4737: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4713: 4711: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4676: 4675: 4674: 4666: 4658: 4647: 4639: 4631: 4623: 4622: 4621: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4595: 4587: 4586: 4585: 4584: 4583: 4576: 4562: 4559:The Two Towers 4555: 4554: 4553: 4546: 4524: 4515: 4513: 4504: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4457: 4456: 4449: 4442: 4434: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4410: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4392: 4385: 4378: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4353: 4346: 4345: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4311: 4304: 4297: 4290: 4282: 4280: 4277:Tabletop role- 4274: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4266: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4238: 4231: 4224: 4217: 4210: 4203: 4200:Mines of Moria 4195: 4193: 4182: 4181: 4174: 4167: 4160: 4153: 4146: 4139: 4132: 4125: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4102: 4095: 4088: 4087: 4086: 4074: 4067: 4060: 4057:The Two Towers 4053: 4046: 4039: 4032: 4025: 4017: 4009: 4002: 3995: 3988: 3980: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3964: 3956: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3937: 3936: 3935: 3922: 3914: 3906: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3883: 3876: 3869: 3864: 3863: 3862: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3841: 3834: 3827: 3819: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3807: 3799: 3795:The Two Towers 3791: 3782: 3776: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3764: 3756: 3744: 3731: 3729: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3712: 3704: 3696: 3688: 3676: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3644: 3637: 3625: 3616: 3607: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3587: 3578: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3547: 3546: 3541: 3539:Pauline Baynes 3530: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3518: 3510: 3502: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3466: 3459: 3452: 3445: 3438: 3431: 3424: 3417: 3410: 3403: 3396: 3389: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3365: 3357: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3327:Rings of Power 3324: 3319: 3314: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3197: 3195: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3119:Old Man Willow 3116: 3115: 3114: 3104: 3099: 3093: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3079: 3078: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3051: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3028: 3027: 3026: 3016: 3011: 3001: 3000: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2957: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2938: 2928: 2923: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2895: 2893: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2859: 2854: 2848: 2846: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2821: 2816: 2806: 2805: 2804: 2799: 2789: 2784: 2783: 2782: 2777: 2767: 2762: 2756: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2722:Modern sources 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2687: 2685:Antiquarianism 2681: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2597:Mental illness 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2513: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2501: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2492:A Walking Song 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2467: 2455: 2450: 2449: 2448: 2443: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2426: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2395: 2393: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2365: 2364: 2363: 2358: 2356:Works inspired 2353: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2331: 2326: 2318: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2292: 2285: 2278: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2259: 2256:The Two Towers 2252: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2202: 2201: 2194: 2187: 2179: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2148: 2143: 2136: 2129: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2104:Arden R. Smith 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2069:Vinyar Tengwar 2061: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2035: 2033: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1985: 1973: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1964:Quenya grammar 1961: 1948: 1946: 1940: 1939: 1932: 1931: 1924: 1917: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1896: 1885: 1884:External links 1882: 1881: 1880: 1874: 1848: 1816: 1810: 1788: 1782: 1774:Harper Collins 1757: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1719: 1715:Carpenter 2023 1707: 1692: 1671: 1662: 1656:978-9027243416 1655: 1647:John Benjamins 1627: 1620: 1594: 1575: 1547: 1506: 1495:on 7 July 2013 1469: 1464:Vinyar Tengwar 1451: 1444: 1406: 1361: 1349: 1313: 1296: 1284: 1282:, p. 739. 1272: 1270:, p. 376. 1260: 1258:, p. 239. 1248: 1241: 1205: 1201:Carpenter 2023 1193: 1167: 1139: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1119: 1116: 1056: 1055: 1048: 1041: 1038: 1031: 1030: 1023: 1016: 1013: 1006: 1005: 1002: 995: 992: 985: 984: 981: 974: 971: 964: 963: 956: 949: 946: 939: 938: 931: 928: 925: 889: 2000 BC 873: 870: 768:open syllables 747: 744: 742: 739: 719: 718: 715: 691: 688: 683:Vinyar Tengwar 668: 667: 650:The Two Towers 607: 606:Other examples 604: 542: 539: 536: 535: 532: 526: 525: 522: 516: 515: 512: 506: 505: 502: 496: 495: 492: 486: 485: 482: 476: 475: 472: 466: 465: 447: 441: 440: 434: 428: 427: 424: 418: 417: 416:(finger-)ring 414: 408: 407: 404: 398: 397: 394: 385:Rings of Power 369: 342: 340: 312: 309: 280: 277: 208: 207: 192: 189: 187: 184: 139: 138: 133: 125: 124: 114: 106: 105: 104:Language codes 101: 100: 98: 97: 96: 95: 81: 79: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 60: 56: 55: 47: 43: 42: 37: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6258: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6216: 6215: 6211: 6209: 6208: 6204: 6202: 6201: 6197: 6195: 6194: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6183: 6181: 6180: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6167: 6166: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6155: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6141: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6132: 6131: 6127: 6125: 6124: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6099: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6085: 6083: 6082: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6046: 6036: 6033: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5989: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5974: 5973: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5946: 5945: 5941: 5939: 5938: 5934: 5933: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5922: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5904: 5900: 5898: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5866: 5865: 5860: 5859: 5858: 5857:Johan de Meij 5855: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5796:Mary Fairburn 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5757: 5751: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5735: 5731: 5729: 5728: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5717: 5711: 5708: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5696: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5568:Moral dilemma 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5548:Luck and fate 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5528:Frame stories 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5157: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5009: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4914: 4910: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4875: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4860: 4848: 4847: 4842: 4841: 4840: 4837: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4826: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4777: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4751: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4726: 4723: 4722: 4721: 4720: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4709: 4702: 4699: 4693: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4673: 4672: 4667: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4645: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4594: 4593: 4588: 4581: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4569: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4561: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4539: 4538: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4478: 4475: 4474: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4462: 4455: 4450: 4448: 4443: 4441: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4377: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4305: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4279:playing games 4275: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4230: 4229: 4225: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4216: 4215: 4211: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4164:Shadow of War 4161: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4080: 4079: 4078:The Third Age 4075: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4008: 4007: 4003: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3973: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3934: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3831:Into the West 3828: 3825: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3784: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772:Peter Jackson 3769: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3754: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3649: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3526:Illustrations 3523: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3444: 3443: 3439: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3364: 3363: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3350: 3340: 3337: 3333: 3330: 3329: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2973: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2918: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2886: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2810: 2807: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2775:Frame stories 2773: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2602:Moral dilemma 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2587:Luck and fate 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2305: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2258: 2257: 2253: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2236: 2229: 2228: 2225:Constructing 2223: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2188: 2186: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2127: 2126:A Secret Vice 2123: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1877: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1759: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1723: 1716: 1711: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1675: 1666: 1658: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1638: 1631: 1623: 1621:9783110820065 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1598: 1590: 1586: 1579: 1572: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1510: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1474: 1467:, 26:16, 1992 1466: 1465: 1458: 1456: 1447: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1413: 1411: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1359:, p. 35. 1358: 1353: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1310: 1306: 1305:Tolkien 1954a 1300: 1294:, p. 83. 1293: 1288: 1281: 1276: 1269: 1264: 1257: 1252: 1244: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1220: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1202: 1197: 1181: 1177: 1171: 1163: 1162: 1157: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1145: 1140: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1096: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1054: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1024: 1021: 1020:wur-, wurikk- 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1003: 1000: 996: 993: 990: 987: 986: 982: 979: 975: 972: 970: 966: 965: 962: 957: 954: 950: 947: 944: 941: 940: 937: 932: 929: 926: 923: 922: 916: 913: 909: 908:E. A. Speiser 905: 901: 897: 883: 878: 869: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 839: 835: 831: 823: 819: 815: 809: 804: 800: 796: 791: 789: 785: 781: 780:George Orwell 777: 772: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 738: 736: 732: 728: 724: 716: 714: 711: 710: 709: 707: 704: 700: 698: 687: 685: 684: 679: 675: 674: 666: 663: 662: 661: 659: 656: 652: 651: 645: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 614: 602: 598: 596: 592: 588: 584: 581: 577: 571: 567: 565: 561: 560: 552: 548: 533: 531: 528: 527: 523: 521: 518: 517: 513: 511: 508: 507: 503: 501: 498: 497: 493: 491: 488: 487: 483: 481: 478: 477: 473: 471: 468: 467: 463: 459: 456: 452: 448: 446: 443: 442: 439: 435: 433: 430: 429: 425: 423: 420: 419: 415: 413: 410: 409: 405: 403: 400: 399: 395: 393:Black Speech 392: 391: 388: 386: 382: 374: 365: 360: 358:Pronunciation 349: 336: 332: 330: 326: 322: 318: 308: 306: 301: 299: 295: 290: 286: 276: 271: 269: 261: 259: 253: 251: 247: 246: 241: 240: 235: 234: 229: 228: 224: 220: 216: 209:Agglutination 206: 204: 200: 199: 183: 181: 180:agglutinative 177: 173: 168: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 137: 134: 132: 131: 126: 118: 115: 112: 107: 102: 94: 91: 90: 89: 86: 85: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 65: 61: 57: 48: 44: 41: 38: 34: 29: 26: 22: 21:Black English 6212: 6205: 6198: 6191: 6184: 6177: 6170: 6163: 6156: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6128: 6121: 6114: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6079: 6072: 6065: 6058: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5942: 5935: 5931:Donald Swann 5910: 5896: 5887: 5878: 5872:Howard Shore 5863: 5811:Tove Jansson 5791:Jenny Dolfen 5781:Anke Eißmann 5753:Adaptations, 5732: 5725: 5649: 5466:Christianity 5461:Architecture 5367:Black Speech 5366: 5347:Family trees 5148:Tom Bombadil 4844: 4829: 4805: 4797: 4789: 4779: 4772: 4762: 4755: 4748: 4740: 4732: 4717: 4708:Middle-earth 4704: 4679: 4669: 4661: 4653: 4642: 4634: 4626: 4609: 4590: 4564: 4557: 4534: 4527: 4519: 4510:In Tolkien's 4477:Bibliography 4461:Middle-earth 4412: 4405: 4387: 4380: 4373: 4355: 4348: 4326:Middle Earth 4324: 4306: 4299: 4292: 4285: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4242:Minas Morgul 4241: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4213: 4206: 4199: 4188: 4177: 4170: 4163: 4156: 4148: 4142: 4135: 4128: 4121: 4112: 4105: 4098: 4091: 4077: 4070: 4063: 4056: 4049: 4042: 4034: 4027: 4020: 4012: 4004: 3997: 3990: 3983: 3960:Born of Hope 3958: 3950: 3924: 3916: 3908: 3900: 3878: 3871: 3801: 3793: 3785: 3758: 3746: 3734: 3706: 3698: 3690: 3678: 3666: 3628:Led Zeppelin 3620: 3610: 3589: 3581: 3514:Muddle Earth 3512: 3504: 3496: 3461: 3454: 3447: 3440: 3433: 3426: 3419: 3412: 3405: 3398: 3391: 3385:The Sea-Bell 3380:Fastitocalon 3367: 3360: 3170:Tom Bombadil 3097:Barrow-wight 2802:Storytelling 2690: 2532:Christianity 2527:Architecture 2469: 2462: 2424:Black Speech 2423: 2409:Family trees 2261: 2254: 2247: 2226: 2205: 2152: 2146:Middle-earth 2138: 2131: 2109:Allan Turner 2072: 2068: 2006:Black Speech 2005: 1980: 1956: 1859: 1829: 1823: 1800: 1772:. New York: 1766: 1740: 1736: 1722: 1710: 1683: 1674: 1665: 1641: 1636: 1630: 1603: 1597: 1588: 1578: 1570: 1563:. Retrieved 1559: 1550: 1538:. Retrieved 1534:the original 1519: 1509: 1497:. Retrieved 1493:the original 1462: 1434:. Abingdon: 1429: 1421: 1418:Shippey, Tom 1397:. Retrieved 1389: 1357:Tolkien 1996 1352: 1335: 1329: 1299: 1287: 1275: 1263: 1251: 1231:. Abingdon: 1226: 1196: 1184:. Retrieved 1179: 1170: 1164:(17): 11–12. 1159: 1104:postposition 1099: 1093: 1091: 1082: 1076: 1068: 1066: 1059: 1051: 1034: 1026: 1009: 988: 968: 960: 942: 934: 924:Black Speech 911: 903: 898:of northern 893: 849: 845: 840:sounds like 833: 829: 824:sounds like 794: 792: 773: 749: 734: 730: 729:. The word 726: 722: 720: 712: 699:film trilogy 696: 693: 681: 671: 669: 664: 648: 646: 641: 637: 629: 625: 617: 611: 609: 600: 590: 582: 573: 569: 557: 554: 529: 519: 509: 499: 489: 479: 469: 461: 444: 431: 421: 411: 401: 378: 370: 343: 314: 302: 282: 273: 264: 257: 255: 249: 243: 237: 231: 225: 222: 212: 196: 194: 169: 145:Black Speech 144: 142: 135: 128: 116: 93:Black Speech 92: 64:Middle-earth 31:Black Speech 25: 6028:Video games 6013:Fan fiction 5991:Other media 5890:film series 5881:film series 5836:Ted Nasmith 5698:Prose style 5691:Shakespeare 5451:Anachronism 5023:Celebrimbor 4697:composition 4618:AinulindalĂ« 4489:Legendarium 4399:Other games 4318:Board games 4228:Helm's Deep 3976:Video games 3753:Rankin/Bass 3703:(BBC, 1981) 3583:Fellowship! 3566:Ted Nasmith 3479:Adaptations 3286:Helm's Deep 2809:Prose style 2797:Interlacing 2760:Anachronism 2742:Shakespeare 2349:Tolkienmoot 2339:Fan fiction 2304:Translating 1745:Winterfilth 1729:Plotz, Dick 1565:18 November 1540:14 November 1481:Salo, David 1399:2 September 1390:Ardalambion 1087:Old English 900:Mesopotamia 866:axiological 822:front vowel 806: [ 803:IvĂĄn FĂłnagy 723:burzum-ishi 587:Tom Shippey 321:inscription 250:evlerimizde 223:evlerimizde 6230:Categories 5888:The Hobbit 5852:Bo Hansson 5826:Tom Loback 5719:Geographic 5644:Influences 5221:LothlĂłrien 5187:Third Age 5123:Glorfindel 5104:Third Age 5012:Characters 4948:Half-elven 4706:History of 4695:History of 4602:Posthumous 4521:The Hobbit 4367:Card games 3910:Khraniteli 3855:Production 3362:The Hobbit 3243:LothlĂłrien 3209:Old Forest 3075:Wormtongue 2931:Half-elven 2926:Glorfindel 2752:Techniques 2677:Influences 2320:Reception 2099:David Salo 2094:Tom Loback 1864:. Boston: 1834:. 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Index

Black English
J. R. R. Tolkien
Middle-earth
Constructed language
Artistic language
ISO 639-3
Glottolog
languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien
his legendarium
Mordor
Sauron
constructed language
One Ring
Hurrian language
agglutinative
The Lord of the Rings
Elvish languages
agglutinative languages
Turkish
ev
-ler
-imiz
-de
agglutinative language
Carl F. Hostetter
Sauron
Orcs
Westron
Mordor
text

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