2145:
Turkey in the country is very high. The rising presence of this very similar language in
Azerbaijan and the fact that many children use Turkish words instead of Azerbaijani words due to satellite TV has caused concern that the distinctive features of the language will be eroded. Many bookstores sell books in Turkish language along Azerbaijani language ones, with Agalar Mahmadov, a leading intellectual, voicing his concern that Turkish language has "already started to take over the national and natural dialects of Azerbaijan". However, the presence of Turkish as foreign language is not as high as Russian. In Uzbekistan, the second most populated Turkic country, a new TV channel
2163:
2350:
1662:
3404:
633:
75:
11022:
10138:
1668:
53:
8934:
2172:
9622:
13058:
12943:
561:
3157:
12926:
4154:
17370:
14511:
13106:
15898:
17394:
17358:
1036:
12824:
1451:
16248:
14316:
13295:
17406:
13457:
12892:
14499:
13094:
9645:
12960:
12909:
12875:
12858:
13640:
5088:, but unlike English, for verbal sentences and subject-predicate for nominal sentences. However, as Turkish possesses a case-marking system, and most grammatical relations are shown using morphological markers, often the SOV structure has diminished relevance and may vary. The SOV structure may thus be considered a "pragmatic word order" of language, one that does not rely on word order for grammatical purposes.
905:
17382:
12841:
2058:
2346:
certain eastern dialects of
Turkish which was represented by the Ottoman letter /ڭ/ but that was merged into /n/ in the Latin script. Additionally are letters such as /خ/, /ق/, /غ/ which make the sounds , , and , respectively in certain eastern dialects but that are merged into , , and in western dialects and are therefore defectively represented in the Latin alphabet for speakers of eastern dialects.
2115:
2876:, represents a vowel sequence or a rather weak bilabial approximant between rounded vowels, a weak palatal approximant between unrounded front vowels, and a vowel sequence elsewhere. It never occurs at the beginning of a word or a syllable, but always follows a vowel. When word-final or preceding another consonant, it lengthens the preceding vowel.
8247:
final unit of the root; and in the case of vowel-initial suffixes an additional consonant may be inserted if the root ends in a vowel, or the suffix may lose its initial vowel. There is also a prescribed order of affixation of suffixes- as a rule of thumb, derivative suffixes precede inflectional suffixes which are followed by
10338:
Article 1 of the declaration stipulated that no law, regulation, or official action could interfere with the rights outlined for the minorities. Michael Scott is the regional manager of Finder
Mifflin Scranton. Although Arabic became the official language of Iraq, Kurdish became a corollary official
6457:
The following table illustrates these principles. In some cases, the constituents of the compounds are themselves compounds; for clarity these subsidiary compounds are marked with . The suffixes involved in the linking are underlined. If the second noun group already had a possessive suffix (because
9003:
composed of prominent linguists, academics, and writers. The introduction of the new
Turkish alphabet was supported by public education centers opened throughout the country, cooperation with publishing companies, and encouragement by Atatürk himself, who toured the country teaching the new letters
1750:
The past few decades have seen the continuing work of the TDK to coin new
Turkish words to express new concepts and technologies as they enter the language, mostly from English. Many of these new words, particularly information technology terms, have received widespread acceptance. However, the TDK
3518:
Practically, the twofold pattern (also referred to as the e-type vowel harmony) means that in the environment where the vowel in the word stem is formed in the front of the mouth, the suffix will take the e-form, while if it is formed in the back it will take the a-form. The fourfold pattern (also
2144:
with
Turkish and speakers of both languages can understand them without noticeable difficulty, especially when discussion comes on ordinary, daily language. Turkey has very good relations with Azerbaijan, with a multitude of Turkish companies and authorities investing there, while the influence of
1737:
Owing to this sudden change in the language, older and younger people in Turkey started to differ in their vocabularies. While the generations born before the 1940s tend to use the older terms of Arabic or
Persian origin, the younger generations favor new expressions. It is considered particularly
2345:
of the
Turkish language. Although the Ottoman alphabet, being slightly more phonetically ambiguous than the Latin script, encoded for many of the dialectal variations between Turkish dialects, the modern Latin script fails to do this. Examples of this are the presence of the nasal velar sound in
1729:
of Arabic and
Persian origin with Turkish equivalents. By banning the usage of imported words in the press, the association succeeded in removing several hundred foreign words from the language. While most of the words introduced to the language by the TDK were newly derived from Turkic roots, it
8246:
Turkish obeys certain principles when it comes to suffixation. Most suffixes in
Turkish will have more than one form, depending on the vowels and consonants in the root- vowel harmony rules will apply; consonant-initial suffixes will follow the voiced/ voiceless character of the consonant in the
1746:
in 1927, used the formal style of Ottoman Turkish that had been common at the time amongst statesmen and the educated strata of society in the setting of formal speeches and documents. After the language reform, the Turkish education system discontinued the teaching of literary form of Ottoman
1747:
Turkish and the speaking and writing ability of society atrophied to the point that, in later years, Turkish society would perceive the speech to be so alien to listeners that it had to be "translated" three times into modern Turkish: first in 1963, again in 1986, and most recently in 1995.
861:
Altaic theory has fallen out of favour since the 1960s, and a majority of linguists now consider Turkic languages to be unrelated to any other language family, though the Altaic hypothesis still has a small degree of support from individual linguists. The nineteenth-century
10462:
Turkish language is currently official in Prizren and Mamuşa/Mamushë/Mamuša municipalities. In 2007 and 2008, the municipalities of Gjilan/Gnjilane, southern Mitrovicë/Mitrovica, Prishtinë/Priština and Vushtrri/Vučitrn also recognized Turkish as a language in official
5263:
The postpredicate position signifies what is referred to as background information in Turkish — information that is assumed to be known to both the speaker and the listener, or information that is included in the context. Consider the following examples:
2271:
spoken today. The TDK became an independent body in 1951, with the lifting of the requirement that it should be presided over by the Minister of Education. This status continued until August 1983, when it was again made into a governmental body in the
2107:, Romania, and Serbia. More than two million Turkish speakers live in Germany; and there are significant Turkish-speaking communities in the United States, France, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Due to the
5428:, meaning "In the manner of you being one of those that we apparently couldn't manage to convert to Czechoslovakian". While this case is contrived, long words frequently occur in normal Turkish, as in this heading of a newspaper obituary column:
7742:
eat", and so on. The use of these "personal or relative participles" is illustrated in the following table, in which the examples are presented according to the grammatical case which would be seen in the equivalent English relative clause.
7225:(For the sake of simplicity the term "tense" is used here throughout, although for some forms "aspect" or "mood" might be more appropriate.) There are nine simple and 20 compound tenses in Turkish. The nine simple tenses are: simple past (
10382:
10284:
In Croatia, Albanian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Czech, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Macedonian, Polish, Romanian, Romany, Rusyn, Russian, Montenegrin, Slovak, Slovenian, Serbian, Turkish, and Ukrainian are recognized (EACEA 2012, 18,
10394:
Turkish is the largest and most vigorous Turkic language, spoken by over 80 million people, a third of the total number of Turkic-speakers... Turkish is a recognized regional minority language in North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, and
4906:
Turkish has two groups of sentences: verbal and nominal sentences. In the case of a verbal sentence, the predicate is a finite verb, while the predicate in nominal sentence will have either no overt verb or a verb in the form of the
2436:
who live in Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Russia as well as in several Central Asian countries, also speak an Eastern Anatolian dialect of Turkish, originating in the areas of Kars, Ardahan, and Artvin and sharing similarities with
5365:(like Japanese and Korean) language, with recent scholarship implying that it is indeed both subject and topic-prominent. This has direct implications for word order as it is possible for the subject to be included in the
3423:
The principle of vowel harmony, which permeates Turkish word-formation and suffixation, is due to the natural human tendency towards economy of muscular effort. This principle is expressed in Turkish through three rules:
7703:
form is (possibly implicitly) in the third person (he/she/it/they); this form, when used in a modifying phrase, does not change according to number. The other attributive forms used in these constructions are the future
5432:(Bayram -Recipr-Impot-Partic-Plur-PossPl1; "Those of our number with whom we cannot exchange the season's greetings"). Another example can be seen in the final word of this heading of the online Turkish Spelling Guide (
12235:
634:
76:
3097:, but in the case of Turkish it only applies, as the above examples demonstrate, to stops and affricates, not to fricatives. The spelling is usually made to match the sound. However, in a few cases, such as
5391:, and specifically suffixes, or endings. One word can have many affixes and these can also be used to create new words, such as creating a verb from a noun, or a noun from a verbal root (see the section on
12034:
2263:: indeed one of its primary tasks was the replacement of loanwords and of foreign grammatical constructions with equivalents of Turkish origin. These changes, together with the adoption of the new
1109:
or "vulgar Turkish", spoken by the less-educated lower and also rural members of society, contained a higher percentage of native vocabulary and served as basis for the modern Turkish language.
10362:
12184:
11164:
11506:
6447:"Turkey-Republic = the Republic of Turkey": not the republic belonging to Turkey, but the Republic that is Turkey. Here the first noun has no ending; but the second noun has the ending
2921:, is devoiced to at the end of a word or before a consonant, but retains its voicing before a vowel. In loan words, the voiced equivalent of /k/ is /g/; in native words, it is /ğ/.
11360:
8988:(which were distinguished in Arabic but not in Turkish). The omission of short vowels in the Arabic script was claimed to make it particularly unsuitable for Turkish, which has
3148:
Native nouns of two or more syllables that end in /k/ in dictionary form are nearly all /ğ/ in underlying form. However, most verbs and monosyllabic nouns are underlyingly /k/.
1105:, which was a mixture of Turkish, Persian, and Arabic that differed considerably and was largely unintelligible to the period's everyday Turkish. The everyday Turkish, known as
12359:
10886:
3196:. The Turkish vowel system can be considered as being three-dimensional, where vowels are characterised by how and where they are articulated focusing on three key features:
9007:
The Latin alphabet was applied to the Turkish language for educational purposes even before the 20th-century reform. Instances include a 1635 Latin-Albanian dictionary by
12231:
12638:
12619:
12281:
12100:
10840:
12665:
12200:
3464:: In his more recent works Lewis prefers to omit the superscripts, on the grounds that "there is no need for this once the principle has been grasped" (Lewis ). the
11225:
3428:
If the first vowel of a word is a back vowel, any subsequent vowel is also a back vowel; if the first is a front vowel, any subsequent vowel is also a front vowel.
1090:, was heavily influenced by Persian, including the adoption of poetic meters and a great quantity of imported words. The literary and official language during the
5656:
in Turkish, but definiteness of the object is implied when the accusative ending is used (see below). Turkish nouns decline by taking case endings. There are six
17250:
10659:
Gandjeï, T. "Über die türkischen und mongolischen Elemente der persischen Dichtung der Ilchan-Zeit", in Ural-altaische Jahrbücher 30, 1958, pp. 229–31.
10411:
3438:
The second and third rules minimize muscular effort during speech. More specifically, they are related to the phenomenon of labial assimilation: if the lips are
942:(dated 682–744 CE). After the discovery and excavation of these monuments and associated stone slabs by Russian archaeologists in the wider area surrounding the
8243:
from nouns and verbal stems. The majority of Turkish words originate from the application of derivative suffixes to a relatively small set of core vocabulary.
10272:
2425:
of Turkey also have their own dialect of Turkish. This group is not to be confused with the Yuruk nomads of Macedonia, Greece, and European Turkey, who speak
11186:
9876:
This section draws heavily on Lewis (2001) and, to a lesser extent, Lewis (1953). Only the most important references are specifically flagged with footnotes.
11552:
12027:
878:
languages, is considered even less plausible in light of Altaic's rejection. The theory was based mostly on the fact these languages share three features:
773:, age, courtesy or familiarity toward the addressee. The plural second-person pronoun and verb forms are used referring to a single person out of respect.
11104:
8645:. The bare compounds, both nouns and adjectives are effectively two words juxtaposed without the addition of suffixes for example the word for girlfriend
15413:
12256:
11466:. Conference on Turkish in Contact, Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study (NIAS) in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Wassenaar, 5–6 February 1996.
1517:
1512:
11414:
8811:
compounds, which means that the second word will be marked by the 3rd person possessive suffix. A few such examples are given in the table below (note
12452:
Bazin, Louis (1975). "Turcs et Sogdiens: Les Enseignements de L'Inscription de Bugut (Mongolie), Mélanges Linguistiques Offerts à Émile Benveniste".
12181:
1492:
11154:
9928:
Lewis points out that "an indefinite izafet group can be turned into intelligible (though not necessarily normal) English by the use of a hyphen".
8999:
of the period. The task of preparing the new alphabet and selecting the necessary modifications for sounds specific to Turkish was entrusted to a
16376:
13157:
12671:(in Turkish). Turkish Studies: International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 7/3. Archived from
8227:), the official dictionary of the Turkish language published by Turkish Language Association, contains 117,000 vocabularies and 93,000 articles.
2337:, which is also covered with these words. Several universities, as well as a dedicated work-group of the Turkish Language Association, carry out
17493:
13825:
10616:
9893:
for the last consonant of that syllable. The prefix retains the first vowel of the base form and thus exhibits a form of reverse vowel harmony.
11527:
16913:
14304:
13445:
13283:
704:
11069:
10325:
17076:
16455:
14010:
12058:
10933:
5096:
Consider the following simple sentence which demonstrates that the focus in Turkish is on the element that immediately precedes the verb:
2341:
investigating Turkish dialects. As of 2002 work continued on the compilation and publication of their research as a comprehensive dialect-
1692:
15433:
13628:
12592:
11477:
Balta, Evangelia (Fall 2017). "Translating Books from Greek into Turkish for the Karamanli Orthodox Christians of Anatolia (1718–1856)".
2861:
At least one source claims Turkish consonants are laryngeally-specified three-way fortis-lenis (aspirated/neutral/voiced) like Armenian.
14282:
13423:
13261:
12426:
4130:
meant "your hand" in Old Anatolian. While the 2nd person singular possessive would vary between back and front vowel, -ün or -un, as in
1507:
17049:
16450:
14549:
12997:
11664:
10479:
11383:
11701:
5016:
The two groups of sentences have different ways of forming negation. A nominal sentence can be negated with the addition of the word
2844:
12339:
9050:, in principle, denotes but has the property of lengthening the preceding vowel and assimilating any subsequent vowel. The letters
2887:
is often unpredictable, however, in foreign borrowings and proper nouns. In such words, , , and often occur with back vowels: some
2149:
was established in 2022. This channel has been broadcasting Turkish lessons along with English, French, German and Russian lessons.
1487:
16847:
11982:
Thompson, Sandra (April 1978). "Modern English from a Typological Point of View: Some Implications of the Function of Word Order".
10866:
13606:
11037:
10986:
1015:, published the first comprehensive Turkic language dictionary and map of the geographical distribution of Turkic speakers in the
16236:
15406:
12782:
10596:
Aalto, P. "Iranian Contacts of the Turks in Pre-Islamic times", in Studia Turcica, ed. L. Ligeti, Budapest, 1971, pp. 29–37.
9885:"The prefix, which is accented, is modelled on the first syllable of the simple adjective or adverb but with the substitution of
2810:
10170:
Behnstedt, Peter (2008). "Syria". In Versteegh, Kees; Eid, Mushira; Elgibali, Alaa; Woidich, Manfred; Zaborski, Andrzej (eds.).
2883:
with , , and ; the former set occurs adjacent to front vowels and the latter adjacent to back vowels. The distribution of these
17339:
16481:
16428:
11133:
10100:
In these cases the circumflex conveys information about the preceding consonant rather than the vowel over which it is written.
9673:
11898:"Diagnostic use of nonword repetition for detection of language impairment among Turkish speaking minority children in Norway"
9719:
districts. In addition, it is an official language in the administrative units in which they constitute density of population.
17483:
12650:
12623:
12420:
12289:
12084:
11855:
10880:
10844:
10747:
10636:
10563:
10535:
10450:
10183:
2040:
12672:
12207:
6426:"the voice of Turkey (radio station)": the voice belonging to Turkey. Here the relationship is shown by the genitive ending
16359:
16214:
12710:
12552:
9225:
5459:
Turkish does not have grammatical gender and the sex of persons do not affect the forms of words. The third-person pronoun
2802:
11269:
1721:, with the aim of conducting research on Turkish. One of the tasks of the newly established association was to initiate a
1497:
1482:
16806:
16521:
16347:
13150:
12812:
10579:
9919:
Because it is also used for the indefinite accusative, Lewis uses the term "absolute case" in preference to "nominative".
7716:), which covers both present and past meanings. These two forms take "personal endings", which have the same form as the
2733:
1437:
600:
12932:
11215:
9946:"It is most important to note that the third-person suffix is not repeated though theoretically one might have expected
2111:
of Turkish immigrants in host countries, not all ethnic members of the diaspora speak the language with native fluency.
1939:
The old word is still used in the language today together with the new one. The modern word is from the Old Turkic verb
1730:
also opted for reviving Old Turkish words which had not been used for centuries. In 1935, the TDK published a bilingual
17297:
16837:
16827:
15399:
13818:
13563:
12898:
11436:
9712:
7604:
is the suffix for the sufficiency mood. It is the equivalent of the English auxiliary verbs "able to", "can" or "may".
7263:) is the conditional form of the first five basic tenses. In the example below, the second person singular of the verb
3442:(a process that requires muscular effort) for the first vowel they may stay rounded for subsequent vowels. If they are
1539:
6834:
As the last example shows, the qualifying expression may be a substantival sentence rather than a noun or noun group.
16842:
16789:
16727:
16415:
16398:
14297:
13438:
13276:
12864:
12754:
12497:
12478:
12393:
12319:
12010:
11966:
11938:
11880:
11731:
11648:
11521:
11343:
10817:
10718:
10509:
10407:
10376:
10266:
10240:
10212:
5674:, although in formal speech it takes the genitive with personal pronouns, singular demonstratives, and interrogative
2259:("Society for Research on the Turkish Language"). The Turkish Language Association was influenced by the ideology of
1743:
1632:
17498:
17453:
17448:
17275:
16960:
16759:
16683:
16471:
14003:
11839:
10256:
10232:
10024:
participle see Lewis (1958):98 and Lewis (2001):163 respectively. Most of the examples are taken from Lewis (2001).
2774:
2740:
2639:
12511:
11194:
1685:
1661:
16955:
16403:
13621:
11591:
10297:
Trudgill, Peter; Schreier, Daniel (2006), "Greece and Cyprus / Griechenland und Zypern", in Ulrich, Ammon (ed.),
3269:
2726:
2091:. In particular, Turkish-speaking minorities exist in countries that formerly (in whole or part) belonged to the
590:
10688:
9081:
The Turkish alphabet consists of 29 letters (q, w, x omitted and ç, ş, ğ, ı, ö, ü added); the complete list is:
6877:("(the) beautiful ones / people"). Used attributively, adjectives precede the nouns they modify. The adjectives
1751:
is occasionally criticized for coining words which sound contrived and artificial. Some earlier changes—such as
1130:
Comparison of 17th-century Southern Anatolian Turkman, 17th-century elite, and modern standard Turkish dialects
17458:
17097:
16794:
16749:
16663:
16641:
16554:
16198:
14542:
14185:
13143:
12990:
12847:
11094:
10306:
9678:
5369:
in Turkish. There can be S/O inversion in sentences where the topic is of greater importance than the subject.
1616:
581: Countries where Turkish is recognised as a minority language and co-official in at least one municipality
12830:
11905:
7693:
The most important function of some of these attributive verbs is to form modifying phrases equivalent to the
2277:
17468:
17186:
16903:
16624:
16143:
15837:
15509:
15030:
15025:
13811:
12260:
11514:
Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
10151:
Karcı, Durmuş (2018), "The Effects of Language Characters and Identity of Meskhetian Turkish in Kazakhstan",
6990:. They can be made negative, potential ("can"), or non-potential ("cannot"). Furthermore, Turkish verbs show
4138:
for "your book", the lack of ü vowel in the Trabzon dialect means -un would be used in both of these cases —
3305:
2781:
2687:
2130:
In 2005, 93% of the population of Turkey were native speakers of Turkish, about 67 million at the time, with
487:
12763:
Rezvani, B. "Türkçe Mi: Türkçe’deki İrani (Farsca, Dimilce, Kurmançca) Orijinli kelimeler Sözlüğü.." (2006).
12639:"Türkçe Sözlük (2005)'teki Sözlerin Kökenlerine Ait Sayısal Döküm (Numerical list on the origin of words in
11408:
9004:
to the public. As a result, there was a dramatic increase in literacy from its original, pre-modern levels.
505:
17488:
17478:
17473:
17463:
17398:
17270:
16965:
16596:
16576:
14466:
14290:
13431:
13269:
13057:
12646:
12615:
12285:
11668:
10868:
Order and Compromise: Government Practices in Turkey from the Late Ottoman Empire to the Early 21st Century
10836:
10781:
9000:
5467:
may refer to "he", "she" or "it." Despite this lack, Turkish still has ways of indicating gender in nouns:
3353:
2767:
2422:
2248:
1714:
1638:
466:
10432:
9838:
9605:
9588:
9571:
9554:
9532:
9515:
9498:
9481:
9459:
9442:
9425:
9408:
9386:
9369:
9352:
9335:
9313:
9296:
9279:
9262:
9205:
9188:
9171:
9154:
9138:
3446:
for the first vowel, the speaker does not make the additional muscular effort to round them subsequently.
2918:
1017:
362:
17225:
16852:
16832:
16754:
16678:
16423:
16229:
15673:
14312:
13996:
13453:
13291:
12124:
de Haan, Ferdinand (2013). "Coding of Evidentiality". In Matthew S. Dryer & Martin Haspelmath (ed.).
11291:
10605:
Benzing, J. Einführung in das Studium der altäischen Philologie und der Turkologie, Wiesbaden, 1953.
5081:
3519:
called the i-type) accounts for rounding as well as for front/back. The following examples, based on the
3281:
2751:
2229:
2162:
2104:
954:, which has also been referred to as "Turkic runes" or "runiform" due to a superficial similarity to the
750:
461:
10227:
Rehm, Georg; Uszkoreit, Hans, eds. (2012), "The Croatian Language in the European Information Society",
9998:, uses the past tense. Semantically, his saving the world takes place though in the (narrative) present.
9758:
7640:
means "you went swiftly". The tenses of the combined verbs are formed the same way as for simple verbs.
2465:
1678:
16948:
16923:
16801:
16651:
16488:
16476:
16342:
13614:
10368:
9990:
6022:
4165:
3329:
3317:
2880:
2817:
2625:
1579:
1544:
12773:
3758:(weakening an adjective of color or taste in a way similar to the English suffix –ish as in blueish),
714:—the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the
17443:
17438:
17126:
16764:
16744:
16391:
15422:
15089:
14535:
13568:
12983:
4104:
3351:
3339:
3327:
3315:
3303:
3293:
3291:
3279:
3267:
2910:
2904:
2647:
2334:
11435:
Aydıngün, Ayşegül; Harding, Çiğdem Balım; Hoover, Matthew; Kuznetsov, Igor; Swerdlow, Steve (2006),
11021:
10339:
language in Sulaimaniya, and both Kurdish and Turkish became official languages in Kirkuk and Kifri.
10137:
5361:
There has been some debate among linguists whether Turkish is a subject-prominent (like English) or
5028:('Necla is not a teacher'). However, the verbal sentence requires the addition of a negative suffix
3434:
If the first vowel is rounded, subsequent vowels are either rounded and close or unrounded and open.
2244:
to add Turkish as an official language, as it is one of the two official languages of the country.
17324:
16990:
16688:
16617:
16386:
16133:
15520:
14843:
13636:
13072:
11361:"Türk Dil Kurumu'nun 2002 yılı çalışmaları (Turkish Language Association progress report for 2002)"
11335:
10908:
8969:
5362:
3341:
2825:
2632:
2033:
means "sowing", referring to the planting of cereal seeds in autumn, which is widespread in Turkey
1102:
727:
711:
546:
306:
12553:"The European Turks: Gross Domestic Product, Working Population, Entrepreneurs and Household Data"
9011:, who also incorporated several sayings in the Turkish language, as an appendix to his work (e.g.
8965:
8937:
2349:
1718:
1465:
1007:
during the 11th century. Also during the 11th century, an early linguist of the Turkic languages,
17386:
16673:
16646:
16591:
16586:
16438:
16193:
15961:
15906:
15204:
14918:
14872:
14855:
14820:
14781:
14640:
14586:
13931:
13381:
13250:
13077:
11058:
10333:
10255:
Franceschini, Rita (2014). "Italy and the Italian-Speaking Regions". In Fäcke, Christiane (ed.).
9233:
7720:
but indicate the person and possibly number of the subject of the attributive verb; for example,
7586:
There are also so-called combined verbs, which are created by suffixing certain verb stems (like
5660:
in Turkish, with all the endings following vowel harmony (shown in the table using the shorthand
4190:
2673:
2655:
2445:
1989:
1644:
1594:
1564:
1559:
1433:
1427:
939:
264:
16433:
10076:("whose father I saw"), and could therefore be paraphrased as "whose approaching he understood".
9867:
In modern Turkish orthography, an apostrophe is used to separate proper names from any suffixes.
8996:
3219:
and may be categorised as falling diphthongs usually analyzed as a sequence of /j/ and a vowel.
1532:
719:
17181:
17121:
17109:
17002:
16859:
16352:
16275:
16222:
15566:
15258:
15231:
15044:
14898:
14788:
13977:
13946:
13658:
13216:
12949:
12062:
8636:
6362:. As mentioned before, all demonstrative singular and personal pronouns take the genitive when
5384:
2695:
2559:
2273:
2074:
note: the map is not completely accurate, only concentrated in the Anatolia and Cyprus regions.
1604:
429:
170:
17176:
12600:
10941:
9112:
The specifically Turkish letters and spellings described above are illustrated in this table:
4239:
This holds true when place names are spelled the same way as common nouns, which are oxytone:
4114:
The rules of vowel harmony may vary by regional dialect. The dialect of Turkish spoken in the
17329:
17114:
17104:
17071:
16811:
16634:
16176:
15378:
15064:
14574:
14482:
14456:
14103:
13792:
13709:
13511:
13412:
13402:
13166:
12410:
11034:
9762:
9683:
9668:
4195:
With the exceptions stated below, Turkish words are oxytone (accented on the last syllable).
4119:
2795:
2680:
2589:
2426:
2366:
2141:
2108:
1053:
301:
16244:
15354:
11672:
10628:
10475:
9782:
See Lewis (2002), pages 2-3. For the first two translations. For the third, see Bedi Yazıcı.
7257:) is the unwitnessed past of the above forms (except simple past and command), conditional (
6788:
the Istanbul Consulate-General of Bulgaria (located in Istanbul, but belonging to Bulgaria)
5395:). Most affixes indicate the grammatical function of the word. The only native prefixes are
1502:
1074:, the administrative language of these states acquired a large collection of loanwords from
352:
17265:
17260:
17245:
17191:
17136:
17020:
16879:
16864:
16712:
16629:
16443:
16188:
16093:
15864:
15446:
15194:
15020:
14756:
14461:
14054:
13834:
13714:
13588:
7717:
7242:
6865:. However most adjectives can also be used as nouns, in which case they are declined: e.g.
6804:
Professor of Turkish Literature in the Faculty of Literature of the University of Istanbul
5440:("Unity in language is among the indispensables of national unity ~ Linguistic unity is a
4908:
3403:
2703:
2438:
2137:
2088:
1609:
1589:
1554:
946:
between 1889 and 1893, it became established that the language on the inscriptions was the
796:
11693:
9018:
Turkish now has an alphabet suited to the sounds of the language: the spelling is largely
7245:, necessitative ("must") and imperative. There are three groups of compound forms. Story (
6562:
3453:
have "a chameleon-like quality", and obey one of the following patterns of vowel harmony:
8:
17141:
17092:
17025:
16975:
16874:
16784:
16732:
16545:
16526:
16312:
16203:
15490:
15456:
14994:
14903:
14710:
14320:
14251:
14164:
14130:
14118:
13911:
13787:
13667:
13537:
13461:
13407:
13299:
12548:
12147:
DeLancey, Scott (1997). "Mirativity: The grammatical marking of unexpected information".
11844:
11438:
Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture, and Resettelment Experiences
11065:
11054:
9658:
8973:
8639:
two existing words into a new one, as in German. Compounds can be of two types- bare and
2713:
2596:
2322:
1599:
1063:
1040:
1012:
951:
947:
923:
919:
766:
14096:
13732:
12881:
17312:
17255:
17235:
17148:
17037:
16980:
16776:
16698:
16364:
16285:
16280:
15991:
15874:
15662:
14673:
14364:
14058:
14019:
13956:
13901:
13876:
13553:
13516:
13180:
13035:
12666:"Spartak KADIU : Türkçede zaman ve kip kavramı ve i-ek eylemin fonksiyonu üzerine"
12518:
12382:
12164:
11583:
11220:
11190:
10978:
10043:
9708:
8214:
7653:
7035:
7027:
6987:
6089:
6069:
2914:
2554:
2233:
2185:
1792:
1783:). Some words restored from Old Turkic have taken on specialized meanings; for example
1126:
1083:
1008:
955:
899:
871:
855:
851:
758:
19:
This article is about the Turkish language. For the language family it belongs to, see
11553:"Voice and aspiration: Evidence from Russian, Hungarian, German, Swedish, and Turkish"
9026:. Most of the letters are used approximately as in English, the main exceptions being
538:
342:
17410:
17357:
17319:
17282:
17168:
17153:
16970:
16908:
16895:
16869:
16737:
16668:
16612:
16531:
16324:
16299:
16260:
16128:
16052:
16007:
15937:
15917:
15818:
15793:
15740:
15561:
15556:
15543:
15461:
15320:
15209:
14865:
14810:
14726:
14703:
14696:
14400:
14390:
14350:
14256:
14049:
13881:
13871:
13866:
13848:
13721:
13644:
13496:
13376:
13030:
12750:
12729:
12706:
12493:
12474:
12416:
12389:
12351:
12315:
12168:
12006:
11962:
11934:
11876:
11851:
11727:
11644:
11575:
11517:
11375:
11339:
10876:
10813:
10743:
10736:
10714:
10632:
10559:
10531:
10505:
10501:
10372:
10302:
10262:
10236:
10208:
10204:
10179:
9737:
9019:
6991:
6044:
5941:
5671:
4122:, with the additional complication of two missing vowels (ü and ı), thus there is no
3416:
2760:
2666:
2576:
2566:
2519:
2497:
2382:
2325:
since the 1930s. Academic researchers from Turkey often refer to Turkish dialects as
2318:
2260:
2203:
2131:
988:
843:
347:
11749:
Karadeniz Araştırmaları: Balkan, Kafkas, Doğu Avrupa ve Anadolu İncelemeleri Dergisi
11587:
11323:
11125:
8251:, as can be seen in the example set of words derived from a substantive root below:
2311:
596:
17240:
17208:
16985:
16928:
16581:
16504:
16319:
16103:
16043:
16024:
16017:
16012:
15986:
15978:
15942:
15925:
15847:
15776:
15752:
15713:
15657:
15633:
15618:
15583:
15552:
15538:
15290:
15219:
15214:
14999:
14971:
14966:
14961:
14751:
14741:
14620:
14558:
14425:
14405:
14358:
14354:
14261:
14246:
14226:
14216:
14211:
14201:
14143:
14079:
14064:
13961:
13936:
13926:
13906:
13771:
13761:
13756:
13676:
13521:
13386:
13334:
13234:
13226:
13206:
13201:
13020:
12156:
11567:
10872:
10624:
10446:
10175:
9633:, known as Turkish Q (QWERTY) and Turkish F, with Turkish Q being the most common.
8957:
8941:
8924:
7649:
7023:
7015:
7011:
6430:
added to the first noun; the second noun has the third-person suffix of possession
6287:
5653:
3408:
3094:
2549:
2544:
2525:
2457:
2433:
2394:
2374:
2354:
2289:
2264:
2207:
2084:
2052:
1796:
1079:
965:
875:
867:
839:
835:
824:
816:
792:
782:
735:
723:
652:
627:
384:
357:
259:
88:
69:
20:
15054:
14678:
12599:
International Institute, Center for World Languages. February 2007. Archived from
9688:
9086:
a, b, c, ç, d, e, f, g, ğ, h, ı, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, ş, t, u, ü, v, y
1121:
17374:
17307:
17287:
17218:
17213:
17158:
17131:
17042:
17015:
16693:
16658:
16151:
16085:
16060:
15947:
15869:
15857:
15789:
15785:
15764:
15686:
15623:
15613:
15608:
15596:
15591:
15528:
15466:
15349:
15344:
15332:
15313:
15295:
15282:
15199:
15164:
15125:
15104:
15071:
15049:
15004:
14937:
14908:
14860:
14850:
14805:
14800:
14661:
14656:
14610:
14515:
14435:
14395:
14374:
14266:
14241:
14236:
14221:
14206:
14156:
14113:
14069:
13941:
13921:
13916:
13891:
13766:
13751:
13682:
13661:
13578:
13360:
13355:
13196:
13110:
13040:
13025:
12546:
12188:
11551:
Petrova, Olga; Plapp, Rosemary; Ringen, Catherine; Szentgyörgyi, Szilárd (2006).
10525:
9630:
8928:
7694:
7019:
5761:
5734:
5585:
5581:
5378:
4355:
Some words about family members and living creatures have irregular accentuation:
4123:
3762:(making a pronoun or adjective out of an adverb or a noun in the locative case),
3090:
2583:
2571:
2390:
2181:
1731:
1722:
1584:
1569:
1047:
1000:
847:
808:
788:
770:
676:
552:
449:
410:
389:
337:
274:
269:
251:
239:
165:
108:
13506:
12801:
12559:
12335:
10909:"Nutuk: Özgün metin ve çeviri (Atatürk's Speech: original text and translation)"
17230:
17010:
16933:
16566:
16334:
16295:
16170:
16070:
16065:
15882:
15852:
15798:
15727:
15708:
15691:
15652:
15641:
15547:
15372:
15174:
15148:
15109:
14989:
14945:
14913:
14877:
14815:
14793:
14746:
14635:
14603:
14595:
14566:
14415:
14369:
14271:
14231:
14108:
14074:
13896:
13886:
13573:
13475:
13313:
13045:
11261:
10583:
10048:
9131:
9074:
when these consonants represent and —almost exclusively in Arabic and Persian
8240:
6981:
6098:
immediately follows the word being questioned, and also follows vowel harmony:
6079:
5600:
3562:
These are four word-classes that are exceptions to the rules of vowel harmony:
3520:
2612:
2469:
2241:
2100:
2092:
2087:
in some 30 other countries. The Turkish language is mutually intelligible with
2080:
1734:/Pure Turkish dictionary that documents the results of the language reform.
1574:
1091:
1087:
1071:
1067:
992:
958:
895:
715:
700:
688:
373:
234:
224:
9621:
2307:
17432:
17362:
17302:
17203:
16943:
16938:
16571:
16516:
16307:
16075:
15953:
15802:
15735:
15601:
15573:
15533:
15499:
15480:
15226:
15169:
14827:
14503:
14440:
14149:
13583:
13350:
13098:
12355:
12160:
12085:"Türkiye Türkçesi Gramerlerinde İsim Tamlaması Sorunu ve Bir Tasnif Denemesi"
11579:
11379:
11041:
11009:
10358:
9716:
9650:
8933:
8812:
8236:
7043:
7031:
6995:
6837:
There is a third way of linking the nouns where both nouns take no suffixes (
5905:
5869:
5796:
3510:
after the corresponding rounded vowels. In this case, the shorthand notation
3491:
3465:
3228:
2895:
that distinguish between these sounds, such as kar "snow" vs kâr "profit".
2836:
2719:
2618:
943:
883:
879:
858:, with various other language families proposed for inclusion by linguists.
746:
742:
696:
211:
52:
15391:
13122:
12733:
12087:[The Problem of Adjective in Turkish: An Attempt of Classification]
11445:
17334:
17292:
16918:
16369:
16123:
16029:
15823:
15757:
15696:
15667:
15485:
15472:
14430:
14420:
14169:
14138:
13501:
13491:
12791:
10763:
9663:
9034:
being used for the found in Persian and European loans); and the undotted
9008:
8961:
7003:
6890:
5442:
5396:
3156:
2892:
2507:
2485:
976:
935:
828:
731:
692:
380:
10125:
1522:
560:
522:
17198:
16509:
15035:
14666:
12620:"Türk Dil Kurumu – Tarihçe (History of the Turkish Language Association)"
11571:
11159:
10841:"Türk Dil Kurumu – Tarihçe (History of the Turkish Language Association)"
10527:
Islam in Central Asia and the Caucasus Since the Fall of the Soviet Union
10034:
9773:
See Lewis (2002) for a thorough treatment of the Turkish language reform.
5833:
5366:
5066:
comes after the predicate but before the personal ending, so for example
3201:
2873:
2418:
2358:
2306:) constitutes the model of written and spoken Turkish, as recommended by
2171:
996:
863:
201:
196:
13135:
12454:
Collection Linguistique, Publiée Par la Société de Linguistique de Paris
10498:
The European Charter for Regional Or Minority Languages: Collected Texts
10201:
The European Charter for Regional Or Minority Languages: Collected Texts
6893:") are used in many cases where English would use "there is" or "have",
4153:
3526:(" is"), illustrate the principles of i-type vowel harmony in practice:
1373:
1113:
15251:
15242:
13803:
13558:
12558:. Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association. Archived from
12522:
11099:
11014:
10130:
9791:
See for example citations given in Cindark, Ibrahim/Aslan, Sema (2004).
9063:
9059:
7675:
7238:
7047:
6999:
6862:
5657:
2410:
800:
754:
120:
12915:
5974:
The accusative case marker is used only for definite objects; compare
5690:² immediately follows the noun before any case or other affixes (e.g.
3197:
1124:
recorded the "Turkman language" and compared it with his own Turkish:
15966:
15897:
14761:
13988:
12507:
11155:"Kosovo starts using Turkish as fifth official language in documents"
10684:
9937:
For other possible permutations of this vehicle, see Lewis (2001):46.
9858:, as well as the superscript notation, see Lewis (1953), pages 21-22.
5060:('Did Necla go to school?'). In the case of a nominal sentence, then
3212:
3164:
The vowels of the Turkish language are, in their alphabetical order,
2493:
2473:
2378:
1450:
1035:
931:
910:
762:
531:
515:
497:
479:
12795:
11902:
Working Papers Department of Language and Communication Studies NTNV
7251:) is the witnessed past of the above forms (except command), rumor (
6414:
Two nouns, or groups of nouns, may be joined in either of two ways:
5399:
intensifying syllables used with adjectives or adverbs: for example
5034:
to the verb (the suffix comes after the stem but before the tense):
3205:
1070:, who are both regarded as the ethnic and cultural ancestors of the
17054:
16381:
15930:
15425:
14527:
14409:
14084:
13690:
12975:
11897:
11059:"Special Eurobarometer 243: Europeans and their Languages (Survey)"
9745:
9245:
9075:
6841:). However, in this case the first noun acts as an adjective, e.g.
6021:
illustrates two important features of Turkish phonology: consonant
4118:
region of northeastern Turkey follows the reduced vowel harmony of
3734:(denoting common attachment to the concept expressed by the noun),
3412:
3216:
2295:
1726:
1624:
1549:
1293:
1004:
927:
812:
672:
608:
186:
150:
17064:
12005:. Linguistics Vol. 106. Berkeley: University of California Press.
5204:
the focus is on the subject: Ahmet (it was Ahmet who ate the egg)
975:–11th centuries), peoples speaking Turkic languages spread across
655:, with around 90 million speakers. It is the national language of
575: Countries where Turkish is recognised as a minority language
15746:
11464:
Phonological Aspects of Greek-Turkish Language Contact in Trabzon
10655:
10653:
9907:
9741:
9733:
9023:
8945:
6825:
4115:
2884:
2461:
2414:
2381:, Dinler, and Adakale, which show the influence of the theorized
2370:
2338:
2195:
1998:
1953:
1912:
1871:
1823:
1802:
Some examples of modern Turkish words and the old loanwords are:
980:
668:
664:
604:
453:
433:
191:
155:
135:
12577:
8984:—and included several redundant consonants, such as variants of
7697:
found in most European languages. The subject of the verb in an
17059:
16252:
16247:
15336:
14315:
14033:
13456:
13294:
12786:
12777:
12719:
12488:
Ishjatms, N. (October 1996). "Nomads In Eastern Central Asia".
9729:
8976:. The Ottoman alphabet marked only three different vowels—long
8248:
7051:
7007:
6026:
5681:
5424:
The extensive use of affixes can give rise to long words, e.g.
5252:
the focus is on the object: egg (it was an egg that Ahmet ate)
4718:, which shift the accentuation to the previous syllable, e.g.,
2477:
2402:
2237:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2199:
2123:
2096:
2057:
1767:, "political party"—also failed to meet with popular approval (
1706:
1289:
1075:
984:
904:
684:
680:
663:. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in
660:
656:
445:
437:
414:
406:
206:
160:
145:
114:
102:
12125:
11550:
11434:
11300:
10768:
The Balkans: Nationalism, War, and the Great Powers, 1804-1999
10650:
10007:
See Lewis (2001):163–165, 260–262 for an exhaustive treatment.
4222:. Most place names are accented on their first syllable as in
3431:
If the first vowel is unrounded, so too are subsequent vowels.
16138:
12806:
11747:
Khalilzadeh, Amir (Winter 2010). "Vowel Harmony in Turkish".
9229:
5388:
5085:
3450:
2501:
2342:
2114:
1988:("cold and dark place", "shadow"). The word is restored from
1739:
1650:
1117:
1059:
741:
Some distinctive characteristics of the Turkish language are
130:
10554:
Boeschoten, Hendrik; Johanson, Lars; Milani, Vildan (2006).
5350:
it is understood that it is a coffee that the speaker wants
13639:
12596:
11516:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 154–158.
9966:"a have-you-seen-me?", i.e., a vain and pretentious person.
6000:² is generally not used when a class or category is meant:
4494:
Compound words are accented on the end of the first element
2189:
2119:
1906:("to fly"). The word was first proposed to mean "airport".
1194:
820:
804:
718:—spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928, as one of
441:
140:
125:
11216:"As the E.U.'s Language Roster Swells, So Does the Burden"
9808:
in the original name are both Arabic loanwords (the final
5048:
In the case of a verbal sentence, an interrogative clitic
3145:'strange' or 'stranger' also show their underlying forms.
2879:
In native Turkic words, the sounds , , and are mainly in
607:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
12966:
12720:Özel, Sevgi; Haldun Özen; Ali Püsküllüoğlu, eds. (1986).
12408:
12028:"A Typological Approach to Sentence Structure in Turkish"
6458:
it is a compound by itself), no further suffix is added.
6326:(3pl). They are declined regularly with some exceptions:
6239:(he/she/it) was (apparently/said to be) from your houses
5670:
often gets suffixed onto the noun, some analyze it as an
3502:
after unrounded vowels (front or back respectively); and
2333:, leading to an ambiguity with the linguistic concept of
12614:
11299:, Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, archived from
10912:
10835:
10553:
9800:
The name TDK itself exemplifies this process. The words
4307:
Foreign nouns usually retain their original accentuation
3105:), the underlying form is retained in the spelling (cf.
11875:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. p. 25.
11095:"Azerbaijan Grapples With the Rise of Turkish Language"
11047:
8805:
However, the majority of compound words in Turkish are
5314:
it is understood that the sentence is about this house
2268:
12388:. Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford. pp. 243–244.
8995:
The reform of the script was an important step in the
5054:
is added after the verb and stands alone, for example
4922:(variants of "be"). Examples of both are given below:
2224:. Turkish has official status in 38 municipalities in
1003:—the direct ancestor of today's Turkish language—into
979:, covering a vast geographical region stretching from
651:'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the
12726:
Atatürk's Turkish Language Association and its Legacy
10408:"Türkmenler, Türkçe tabelalardan memnun – Son Dakika"
8669:). A few examples of compound words are given below:
5545:, the female sex may be indicated by adding the word
5438:
Dilde birlik, ulusal birliğin vazgeçilemezlerindendir
4077:
a native compound which does not obey vowel harmony:
2071: Minority of Turkish speakers in Asia and Europe
2065: Majority of Turkish speakers in Asia and Europe
1717:(TDK) was established in 1932 under the patronage of
1421:
569: Countries where Turkish is an official language
12802:
Turkish Language: Resources – University of Michigan
11781:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 279–305.
11322:
9640:
6006:
can equally well mean "we saw trees "—as opposed to
5080:
Word order in simple Turkish sentences is generally
4099:
harmonizing with the final vowel (and softening the
3133:
above, are spelled as pronounced, but a few such as
12402:
11665:"Sesler ve ses uyumları "Sounds and Vovel karmony""
11053:
10810:
The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success
10590:
6906:"(the) milk (is) non-existent"); the construction "
2294:Modern standard Turkish is based on the dialect of
12381:
11843:
10865:Szurek, Emmanuel (2015-02-17). Aymes, Marc (ed.).
10735:
10484:Turkish is co-official in Centar Zupa and Plasnica
9625:A Turkish computer keyboard with Q (QWERTY) layout
8036:the village of which he wishes to be elected mayor
7643:
6068:Additionally, nouns can take suffixes that assign
5603:feminine suffix –ica is used in three borrowings:
5426:Çekoslovakyalılaştıramadıklarımızdanmışsınızcasına
4440:Adverbs are usually accented on the first syllable
4198:
3738:(denoting the present tense in the third person),
2255:or TDK), which was founded in 1932 under the name
2247:In Turkey, the regulatory body for Turkish is the
769:which distinguishes varying levels of politeness,
722:in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the
11316:
10476:"Languages spoken in Macedonia – North Macedonia"
8197:approach-their-ACC understood-his prison days-its
5627:(tsarina). This suffix was used in the neologism
5588:origin already have separate female forms, e.g.,
1791:(originally meaning "book") is now used to mean "
17430:
12705:] (in Turkish). Sosyal Yayınları, İstanbul.
12462:Encyclopaedia Britannica, Expo 70 Edition Vol 12
11444:, Center for Applied Linguistics, archived from
10296:
8200:the prison days (which) he knew were approaching
6088:, "I am") complete sentences can be formed. The
5637:
1982:
1941:
12703:Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language
11410:Encyclopaedia of Humanities and Social Sciences
10353:
10351:
10349:
10347:
10172:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics
9988:The conventional translation of the film title
5022:. For example, the sentence above would become
12792:Swadesh list of Turkish basic vocabulary words
12749:] (in Turkish). Arkadaş Yayınevi, Ankara.
12512:"Hemshinli: The Forgotten Black Sea Armenians"
12309:
11928:
11721:
11500:
11498:
11496:
11494:
11492:
10831:
10829:
10357:
10248:
10051:'s more succinct and idiomatic translation is
9015:—"An apple does not fall far from its tree").
8434:Another example, starting from a verbal root:
7622:for the approach ("almost") mood. Thus, while
5530:(female) before the corresponding noun, e.g.,
5514:, the sex may be indicated by adding the word
3557:
2321:of the standard used in mass media and in the
2317:Dialectal variation persists, in spite of the
16230:
15421:
15407:
14543:
14298:
14004:
13819:
13622:
13439:
13277:
13151:
13127:
12991:
12003:The Function of Word Order in Turkish Grammar
11634:
11632:
11630:
11628:
11626:
11624:
10962:
10226:
10086:
9902:This "splendid word" appeared at the time of
9598:
9581:
9564:
9547:
9525:
9508:
9491:
9474:
9452:
9435:
9418:
9401:
9379:
9362:
9345:
9328:
9306:
9289:
9272:
9255:
9198:
9181:
9164:
9147:
9129:
8806:
8664:
8658:
8652:
8646:
8640:
7635:
7629:
7623:
7617:
7611:
7605:
7599:
7593:
7587:
7567:
7552:
7545:
7538:
7523:
7516:
7509:
7494:
7487:
7480:
7468:
7461:
7454:
7447:
7435:
7428:
7421:
7414:
7402:
7395:
7388:
7381:
7369:
7362:
7355:
7348:
7336:
7326:
7319:
7306:
7297:
7288:
7270:
7264:
7258:
7252:
7246:
7232:
7226:
7207:
7195:
7183:
7167:
7155:
7143:
7131:
7119:
7107:
7095:
7083:
7071:
6943:
6934:"the emperor has no clothes" ("(the) emperor-
6929:
6915:
6897:
6884:
6878:
6872:
6866:
6448:
6431:
6397:
6391:
6381:
6375:
6369:
6363:
6357:
6351:
6345:
6339:
6333:
6327:
6321:
6315:
6309:
6303:
6297:
6291:
6268:
6256:
6244:
6232:
6220:
6208:
6196:
6184:
6172:
6160:
6148:
6136:
6124:
6105:
6099:
6093:
6083:
6073:
6048:
6030:
6016:
6007:
6001:
5995:
5985:
5975:
5961:
5954:
5946:
5925:
5918:
5910:
5889:
5882:
5874:
5853:
5846:
5838:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5749:
5742:
5724:
5716:
5691:
5685:
5675:
5665:
5629:
5621:
5613:
5605:
5590:
5571:
5563:
5555:
5547:
5532:
5524:
5516:
5501:
5493:
5485:
5477:
5461:
5342:
5325:
5306:
5288:
5067:
5061:
5055:
5049:
5035:
5029:
5023:
5017:
4993:
4975:
4957:
4917:
4911:
4882:
4863:
4844:
4825:
4806:
4787:
4767:
4700:
4681:
4662:
4643:
4624:
4605:
4545:
4537:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4498:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4430:
4422:
4414:
4406:
4398:
4390:
4382:
4374:
4366:
4358:
4346:
4339:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4232:
4224:
4216:
4208:
4073:above illustrates several of these features:
4056:
4043:
4025:
4012:
3994:
3981:
3963:
3950:
3932:
3919:
3901:
3888:
3870:
3857:
3840:
3827:
3810:
3797:
3752:
3711:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3665:
3657:
3649:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3480:² is a convenient shorthand for this pattern.
2027:
2014:
2004:
1969:
1959:
1928:
1918:
1900:
1887:
1877:
1860:
1852:
1839:
1829:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1686:
646:
640:
621:
82:
63:
41:
34:
12740:
12728:] (in Turkish). Bilgi Yayınevi, Ankara.
12409:Celia Kerslake; Asli Goksel (11 June 2014).
11834:
11832:
11830:
11622:
11620:
11618:
11616:
11614:
11612:
11610:
11608:
11606:
11604:
11352:
11147:
10803:
10801:
10685:"A Database of Turkic Runiform Inscriptions"
10344:
10254:
9616:
9430:The chimney won't smoke, furnace won't burn
7652:, including present, similar to the English
3742:(turning adjectives or nouns into adverbs),
3703:
2126:written in the German and Turkish languages.
1705:After the foundation of the modern state of
1133:
1022:
11961:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
11779:Turkish Syntax as a System of Qualification
11746:
11504:
11489:
11248:Concise compendium of the world's languages
10826:
10621:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics
9962:Note the similarity with the French phrase
9820:is a native Turkish word based on the verb
8948:. September 20, 1928. (Cover of the French
4332:
3719:
2864:The phoneme that is usually referred to as
16237:
16223:
15414:
15400:
14550:
14536:
14305:
14291:
14011:
13997:
13826:
13812:
13629:
13615:
13446:
13432:
13284:
13270:
13158:
13144:
12998:
12984:
12506:
11818:
11461:
11455:
9757:Turkish language is currently official in
9728:Turkish language is currently official in
9576:And many things happen to a person anyway
6396:(3pl ins.). All other pronouns (reflexive
4535:are accented on the first syllable, e.g.,
2377:, which includes the distinct dialects of
2046:
1693:
1679:
838:family was seen as a branch of the larger
559:
51:
13165:
12000:
11956:
11870:
11827:
11814:
11812:
11601:
11328:Türkçe'nin ağızları çalıştayı bildirileri
11262:"En iyi İstanbul Türkçesini kim konuşur?"
11208:
10798:
10614:
10549:
10547:
10447:"Municipal language compliance in Kosovo"
10169:
9340:The soul won't stay caged, it flies away
8554:inclined to; stale (from lying too long)
7999:the village of which he was elected mayor
6405:
5311:(it is apparently beautiful, this house)
4084:a loanword also violating vowel harmony:
1775:has been replaced by the French loanword
999:, in particular, brought their language,
13833:
12696:
12578:"Turkish Etymological Dictionary online"
12490:History of civilizations of Central Asia
12487:
12328:
12146:
12025:
11981:
11772:
11770:
11768:
11766:
11764:
11762:
11479:International Journal of Turkish Studies
11293:Discoveries on the Turkic linguistic map
11289:
11283:
11245:
11092:
11044:. Institut für Deutsche Sprache, page 3.
10926:
10677:
10229:The Croatian Language in the Digital Age
10068:From the perspective of Turkish grammar
9837:is also commonly transcribed as ⟨
9620:
9022:, with one letter corresponding to each
8932:
8635:New words are also frequently formed by
6565:(named after, not belonging to Atatürk)
5091:
3770:(referring to the name of plane figures)
3402:
3155:
2500:is spoken in Greece, where it is called
2348:
2220:and is one of the official languages of
2180:Left: Bilingual sign, Turkish (top) and
2113:
2056:
1129:
1086:during the Ottoman period, particularly
1034:
903:
12379:
12334:
12123:
11796:
11794:
11792:
11790:
11788:
10906:
10708:
10702:
10530:. Oxford University Press. p. 36.
10319:
10317:
10261:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. p. 546.
9629:Turkish language uses two standardised
8194:yaklaştığını anladığı hapishane günleri
8164:
7875:
7237:), present continuous, simple present (
5219:
5187:
5131:
3089:This is analogous to languages such as
2537:Consonant phonemes of Standard Turkish
601:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
17431:
17167:
14018:
12310:Goksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005).
12259:(in Turkish). Hürriyet. Archived from
11952:
11950:
11929:Goksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005).
11924:
11922:
11809:
11722:Goksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005).
11406:
11358:
11118:
11005:
11003:
10864:
10762:
10733:
10727:
10572:
10544:
9906:, the festival marking the end of the
9674:List of English words of Turkic origin
9357:The world is an inn, residents depart
7955:the artist whose pictures we looked at
7610:is the suffix for the swiftness mood,
2898:
2506:. It is the literary standard for the
16218:
15395:
14531:
14286:
13992:
13807:
13610:
13427:
13265:
13139:
13126:
12979:
12722:Atatürk'ün Türk Dil Kurumu ve Sonrası
12593:"Language Materials Project: Turkish"
12468:
12451:
12082:
11838:
11776:
11759:
11638:
11476:
10807:
10668:
10629:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.35
10580:"The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace"
10523:
10323:
10150:
10121:
10119:
10117:
9301:There are weddings, there are feasts
8043:Remaining cases (incl. prepositions)
5293:(apparently this house is beautiful)
4871:they are saying that it won't happen
3407:Road sign at the European end of the
2041:List of replaced loanwords in Turkish
749:. The basic word order of Turkish is
659:and one of two official languages of
626:
87:
68:
16:Turkic language of the Turkish people
17393:
17381:
14557:
13005:
12813:
12429:from the original on 15 January 2023
12303:
12234:(in Turkish). Dersimizedebiyat.com.
11800:
11785:
11359:Akalın, Şükrü Halûk (January 2003).
11246:Campbell, George (1995). "Turkish".
11228:from the original on 28 October 2019
10971:
10326:"Who Owns Kirkuk? The Turkoman Case"
10314:
10053:the days in prison he knew lay ahead
9816:being a Turkish possessive suffix);
9559:Morning and afternoon turn to night
9503:Someone laughed, someone will laugh
7911:the man whose father I saw yesterday
7856:the man whose father is now speaking
6853:("coal eye", i.e. black eye) :
6350:(2s dat.); and the oblique forms of
6281:
4191:Turkish phonology § Word-accent
4148:
3766:(meaning "the house or family of"),
2917:whereby a voiced obstruent, such as
2891:are given below. However, there are
2413:region, with its usage extending to
2216:Turkish is the official language of
1999:
1954:
1913:
1872:
1824:
11947:
11919:
11864:
11715:
11505:Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999).
11332:Workshop on the dialects of Turkish
11179:
11000:
10709:Findley, Carter V. (October 2004).
10301:, Walter de Gruyter, p. 1886,
7908:father-is-ACC yesterday seen-my man
6453:—the same as in definite compounds.
6402:and so on) are declined regularly.
6047:of final consonants before vowels (
5392:
5043:
3688:
2888:
2039:For a more comprehensive list, see
1710:
1438:Replacement of loanwords in Turkish
1023:
866:theory, which grouped Turkish with
13:
16175:Languages between parentheses are
15377:Languages between parentheses are
12690:
12580:(in Turkish). Sevan Nişanyan. 2006
12492:. Vol. 2. UNESCO Publishing.
12473:(in Turkish). Boğaziçi Yayınları.
12093:Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi
11413:. Anmol Publications. p. 47.
11167:from the original on 26 March 2017
10299:Sociolinguistics / Soziolinguistik
10114:
10047:) contains a nested structure: ].
9841:⟩ in linguistic literature.
8989:
7598:) to the original stem of a verb.
7190:you should have been able to come
6439:indefinite (qualifying) compound (
6263:I was (apparently) at your house.
6078:, "our". With the addition of the
5661:
5475:have male and female forms, e.g.,
5072:? ('Necla, are you a teacher?').
4901:
4531:Diminutives constructed by suffix
4303:(a Turkish city on the Black Sea).
2184:(bottom), at a Turkmen village in
2152:
2079:Turkish is natively spoken by the
1422:Language reform and modern Turkish
1112:While visiting the region between
1030:
930:. Erected in honour of the prince
14:
17510:
12767:
12232:"Dersimiz Edebiyat Online course"
11990:(54): 19–35 – via ProQuest.
11895:
11250:. London: Routledge. p. 547.
10482:from the original on 2022-01-27.
9593:Veysel departs, his name remains
9058:represent and , respectively. A
8918:
8608:laying down; deposit, investment
8230:
7996:mayor-its been-chosen-his village
7057:immediately following the stem.
6849:("apple cheek", i.e. red cheek),
6227:(he/she/it) was from your houses
3208:. Vowels are classified , and .
2843:
2824:
2816:
2809:
2801:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2750:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2595:
2588:
2460:and represented primarily by the
2228:, including Mamusha,, two in the
2134:making up most of the remainder.
1980:Derived from the Old Turkic noun
1633:Peace at Home, Peace in the World
1498:Atatürk International Peace Prize
776:
17404:
17392:
17380:
17369:
17368:
17356:
16760:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
16246:
15896:
14510:
14509:
14497:
14314:
14097:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
13638:
13455:
13293:
13105:
13104:
13092:
13056:
12958:
12941:
12924:
12907:
12890:
12873:
12856:
12839:
12822:
12373:
12312:Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar
12274:
12257:"2011 Türkçe Sözlük yenileniyor"
12249:
11931:Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar
11724:Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar
11326:; Taylan, Eser E., eds. (2000).
11020:
10783:Evliyâ Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi: III
10770:. New York: Penguin. p. 99.
10615:Starostin, George (2016-04-05),
10136:
10094:
10079:
10062:
9707:Turkish language is official in
9643:
9374:The moon wanders, years pass by
9232:and highly regarded poet in the
7952:pictures-is-to looked-our artist
6418:definite (possessive) compound (
5258:
5040:('Necla did not go to school').
5005:Apparently Necla is/was at home
4152:
3476:after back vowels. The notation
3222:
3129:'hair'. Most loanwords, such as
2357:across Southeast Europe and the
2170:
2161:
1738:ironic that Atatürk himself, in
1666:
1660:
1449:
886:and lack of grammatical gender.
17405:
14109:Suret (Assyrian & Chaldean)
13733:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
12362:from the original on 2007-02-14
12238:from the original on 2013-05-18
12224:
12193:
12175:
12140:
12117:
12106:from the original on 2013-05-02
12076:
12051:
12040:from the original on 2015-05-30
12019:
11994:
11975:
11908:from the original on 2022-10-23
11889:
11740:
11704:from the original on 2018-05-02
11686:
11657:
11544:
11470:
11428:
11417:from the original on 2023-01-15
11400:
11272:from the original on 2018-11-11
11254:
11239:
11136:from the original on 2015-06-19
11107:from the original on 2022-10-23
11086:
11075:from the original on 2016-04-14
11028:
10989:from the original on 2017-10-31
10956:
10934:"Öz Türkçeleştirme Çalışmaları"
10900:
10889:from the original on 2023-01-15
10858:
10774:
10756:
10691:from the original on 2017-03-26
10662:
10608:
10599:
10517:
10489:
10468:
10453:from the original on 2021-03-05
10439:
10425:
10414:from the original on 2020-07-09
10400:
10385:from the original on 2023-01-15
10275:from the original on 2023-01-15
10033:This more complex example from
10027:
10010:
10001:
9982:
9969:
9956:
9940:
9931:
9922:
9913:
9896:
9879:
9870:
9861:
9844:
9827:
9794:
9785:
9776:
9767:
9751:
9722:
9520:Wishes are lies, death is real
9486:Various flowers bloom and fade
9038:, representing . As in German,
7644:Attributive verbs (participles)
7126:Apparently (s)he couldn't come
7050:. Negation is expressed by the
6824:"what-have-I-become!" madman =
6653:pronunciation of the consonant
4199:Exceptions to word-accent rules
4081:("middle village"—a place name)
3415:. (Photo taken during the 28th
3377:Fourfold (Backness + Rounding)
1128:
16179:of the language on their left.
15381:of the language on their left.
14186:Levantine Arabic Sign Language
12699:Türk Dilinin Etimoloji Sözlüğü
12547:Center for Studies on Turkey,
12001:Erguvanlı, Eser Emine (1984).
11850:. English Universities Press.
11093:Safarova, Durna (2017-02-28).
10742:. Cambridge University Press.
10290:
10258:Manual of Language Acquisition
10220:
10192:
10163:
10144:
9701:
9679:Languages used on the Internet
9159:where/that (s)he works/worked
8590:to lay down something/someone
8109:the door from which we emerged
7668:); indirect/inferential past (
7220:
7150:(s)he may (possibly) not come
4184:
4070:
2441:, the language of Azerbaijan.
2210:(middle) and Turkish (bottom).
1617:State Art and Sculpture Museum
795:family. Other members include
761:. The language makes usage of
710:To the west, the influence of
1:
17494:Subject–object–verb languages
14344:Recognized minority languages
12697:Eyüboğlu, İsmet Zeki (1991).
12412:Turkish: An Essential Grammar
12314:. Routledge. pp. 43–48.
12182:Yüksel Göknel:Turkish Grammar
12061:. Dilimiz.com. Archived from
11803:Grammaire de la langue turque
11726:. Routledge. pp. 24–25.
11187:"Official regional languages"
10107:
9413:The soul will leave the body
8208:
8033:muhtarı seçilmek istediği köy
7949:resimlerine baktığımız ressam
7803:the man (who is) now speaking
6856:
6670:Turkish language-association
6462:Linked nouns and noun groups
5075:
5002:(hyphens delineate suffixes)
4689:he/she/it did not understand
3215:in the language are found in
2925:Obstruent devoicing in nouns
2909:Turkish orthography reflects
2531:
2484:(not to be confused with the
2353:Map of the main subgroups of
2140:, official in Azerbaijan, is
1095:
969:
900:Turkic peoples § History
17484:Languages of North Macedonia
17251:Intangible cultural heritage
16597:Southeastern Anatolia Region
16429:Proclamation of the republic
14467:Central Taurus Sign Language
12647:Turkish Language Association
12622:(in Turkish). Archived from
12616:Turkish Language Association
12384:Writing Systems of the World
12286:Turkish Language Association
12206:(in Turkish). Archived from
11805:. Paris: Éditions E. Leroux.
11694:"Turkish Consonant Mutation"
11669:Turkish Language Association
11485:(1–2): 20 – via Ebsco.
11407:Shashi, Shyam Singh (1992).
10911:(in Turkish). Archived from
10843:(in Turkish). Archived from
10837:Turkish Language Association
10669:Erdal, Marcel (March 2004).
10558:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
10085:In modern Turkish spelling:
9482:ät͡ʃäɾso̞läɾt̪yɾlyt͡ʃit͡ʃe̞c
9336:d͡ʒäŋkäfe̞st̪e̞d̪uɾmäzut͡ʃäɾ
9046:represent and . The letter
9013:alma agatsdan irak duschamas
7616:for the perpetuity mood and
4581:(denoting the present tense)
4577:(negating the verbal stem),
4573:(meaning "in" or "during"),
4555:Words with enclitic suffixes
4205:Place-names are not oxytone:
2513:
2249:Turkish Language Association
1715:Turkish Language Association
467:Turkish Language Association
7:
16522:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
14436:Syriac/Assyrian/Neo-Aramaic
13703:Official minority languages
11643:. Oxford University Press.
10812:. Oxford University Press.
10713:. Oxford University Press.
10556:Turkic Languages in Contact
9996:The Man Who Saved the World
9636:
9447:Goodbye goodbye to you all
9443:se̞läːmo̞ɫsuŋkud͡ʒäkkud͡ʒäk
9426:t̪yt̪mæzbäd͡ʒäjänmäzo̞d͡ʒäk
9409:d͡ʒänbe̞d̪ænd̪ænäjɾɯɫäd͡ʒäk
9238:
8622:yat- + -(ı)r- + -(ı)m + -cı
8154:which + subordinate clause
7213:
7201:
7189:
7173:
7161:
7149:
7137:
7125:
7113:
7101:
7089:
7077:
6861:Turkish adjectives are not
6290:in the nominative case are
6274:
6262:
6250:
6238:
6226:
6214:
6202:
6190:
6178:
6166:
6154:
6142:
6130:
5347:(get me one too, a coffee)
5069:Necla, siz öğretmen misiniz
5011:
4814:did he/she not understand?
4071:road sign in the photograph
3558:Exceptions to vowel harmony
2496:and its surrounding areas.
2283:
2230:Republic of North Macedonia
2105:Republic of North Macedonia
1062:around the year 950 by the
787:Turkish is a member of the
10:
17515:
16353:Conquest of Constantinople
12747:Arkadaş Turkish Dictionary
12741:Püsküllüoğlu, Ali (2004).
12445:
11957:Underhill, Robert (1976).
11871:Underhill, Robert (1976).
10711:The Turks in World History
10504:, 2010, pp. 135–136,
10369:Cambridge University Press
10207:, 2010, pp. 107–108,
10199:"Bosnia and Herzegovina",
10055:. Pamuk uses the spelling
9499:cimlæɾɟylmyʃcimɟyle̞d͡ʒe̞c
9353:d̪ynjäbiɾhäŋko̞nänɟø̞t͡ʃæɾ
9267:I depart, my name remains
8922:
8225:Current Turkish Dictionary
8212:
8073:the letter (which) I wrote
7905:babasını dün gördüğüm adam
7853:father-is now speaking man
7281:English of the basic form
6979:
6945:kedimin ayakkabıları yoktu
6687:Turkish-language magazine
5900:in/on/at the village/tree
5664:). Since the postposition
5376:
5372:
4188:
3750:(meaning "in/at/during"),
3567:Native, non-compound words
3226:
2902:
2881:complementary distribution
2523:
2517:
2502:
2287:
2202:. Official languages are:
2095:, such as Iraq, Bulgaria,
2050:
2038:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1545:Abolition of the caliphate
1540:Abolition of the sultanate
1431:
1425:
1058:Following the adoption of
1051:
1045:
968:during Early Middle Ages (
893:
889:
780:
18:
17352:
17085:
17001:
16894:
16860:The constitutional system
16820:
16775:
16720:
16711:
16605:
16553:
16544:
16497:
16464:
16414:
16392:Second Constitutional Era
16377:Decline and modernization
16333:
16294:
16268:
16259:
16161:
16116:
16084:
16051:
16042:
16000:
15977:
15916:
15905:
15894:
15836:
15811:
15775:
15726:
15632:
15582:
15519:
15508:
15445:
15432:
15363:
15331:
15306:
15281:
15240:
15187:
15157:
15141:
15134:
15118:
15097:
15088:
15013:
14982:
14954:
14936:
14891:
14836:
14774:
14734:
14725:
14687:
14649:
14628:
14619:
14594:
14585:
14565:
14491:
14475:
14449:
14383:
14343:
14327:
14194:
14178:
14129:
14042:
14026:
13970:
13857:
13841:
13780:
13757:Southern Kurdish (Xwarin)
13744:
13702:
13651:
13546:
13530:
13484:
13468:
13395:
13369:
13343:
13327:
13306:
13243:
13225:
13189:
13173:
13133:
13128:Links to related articles
13086:
13065:
13054:
13013:
12456:(in French) (LXX): 37–45.
12415:. Routledge. p. 12.
12380:Coulmas, Florian (1989).
12201:"Turkish Studies Vol 7/3"
11915:– via Academia.edu.
9833:The vowel represented by
9617:Turkish computer keyboard
9606:d̪o̞st̪ɫäɾbe̞nihätɯɾɫäsɯn
9533:d̪o̞st̪ɫäɾbe̞nihätɯɾɫäsɯn
9493:Kimler gülmüş kim gülecek
9460:d̪o̞st̪ɫäɾbe̞nihätɯɾɫäsɯn
9387:d̪o̞st̪ɫäɾbe̞nihätɯɾɫäsɯn
9370:äjd̪o̞ɫänɯɾjɯɫːäɾɟe̞t͡ʃæɾ
9347:Dünya bir han konan göçer
9314:d̪o̞st̪ɫäɾbe̞nihätɯɾɫäsɯn
9280:d̪o̞st̪ɫäɾbe̞nihätɯɾɫäsɯn
9216:
8956:Turkish is written using
8796:("splitting; judgement")
8235:Turkish extensively uses
7850:babası şimdi konuşan adam
7757:Case of relative pronoun
7751:
7748:
7634:means "you could go" and
7178:) one comes, people come
7138:(s)he'll be able to come
7038:. The inferential suffix
5994:tree". The plural marker
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5454:
5107:
5104:
4930:
4896:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4333:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3746:(meaning "while being"),
3720:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3369:
3364:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3151:
2911:final-obstruent devoicing
2905:Final-obstruent devoicing
2835:
2794:
2765:
2712:
2611:
2582:
2541:
2528:for a pronunciation guide
2276:, following the military
2257:Türk Dili Tetkik Cemiyeti
1858:("three") and the suffix
1639:Republican People's Party
938:, these date back to the
922:are the three monumental
705:18th most spoken language
587:
558:
545:
529:
513:
495:
477:
472:
460:
420:
402:Official language in
400:
395:
370:
331:
315:
294:
248:
230:
220:
179:
95:
59:
50:
33:
28:
16843:Ministry of the Interior
16828:Administrative divisions
16387:First Constitutional Era
16134:Northeastern Neo-Aramaic
14384:Other minority languages
13745:Other minority languages
12469:Ergin, Muharrem (1980).
12161:10.1515/lity.1997.1.1.33
11639:Lewis, Geoffrey (2001).
10808:Lewis, Geoffrey (2002).
10088:elma ağaçtan ırak düşmez
9694:
9610:May friends remember me
9537:May friends remember me
9516:muɾätjäɫänø̞lymɟæɾt͡ʃe̞c
9464:May friends remember me
9391:May friends remember me
9318:May friends remember me
9284:May friends remember me
8970:Ottoman Turkish alphabet
6975:
6948:("my cat had no shoes",
6931:imparatorun elbisesi yok
6167:your (pl./formal) house
5449:
5356:
4287:(district in Istanbul),
4271:(district in Istanbul),
3540:("it is the door"), but
3494:suffix, for example, is
3468:suffix, for example, is
3113:). Other exceptions are
2456:, spoken in the Eastern
2323:Turkish education system
2118:An advertisement by the
1458:This article is part of
934:and his brother Emperor
728:Ottoman Turkish alphabet
237:: 84 million (2006)
17499:Vowel-harmony languages
17454:Languages of Azerbaijan
17449:Agglutinative languages
16790:Parliamentary elections
16592:Eastern Anatolia Region
16587:Central Anatolia Region
16269:Ancient and Middle Ages
16194:Languages of Azerbaijan
15307:Disputed classification
13382:Cypriot Maronite Arabic
13251:Bulgarian Sign Language
13078:Turkish language reform
12464:. William Benton. 1970.
11984:Linguistische Berlichte
11819:von Gabain, A. (1950).
11462:Brendemoen, B. (1996).
11290:Johanson, Lars (2001),
11130:Encyclopedia Britannica
10983:Encyclopedia Britannica
10967:(in Turkish). İstanbul.
10965:Burhân-ı Katı Tercemesi
10738:A History of Inner Asia
10671:A Grammar Of Old Turkic
10332:: 79–86. Archived from
10072:is exactly parallel to
9600:Dostlar beni hatırlasın
9566:Gör ki başa neler gelir
9527:Dostlar beni hatırlasın
9510:Murat yalan ölüm gerçek
9454:Dostlar beni hatırlasın
9437:Selam olsun kucak kucak
9420:Tütmez baca yanmaz ocak
9381:Dostlar beni hatırlasın
9364:Ay dolanır yıllar geçer
9330:Can kafeste durmaz uçar
9308:Dostlar beni hatırlasın
9297:d̪yjyno̞ɫuɾbäjɾämɟe̞liɾ
9291:Düğün olur bayram gelir
9274:Dostlar beni hatırlasın
9234:Turkish folk literature
9222:Dostlar Beni Hatırlasın
8331:göz + -lük + -çü + -lük
8219:Latest 2011 edition of
7202:if you could have come
7114:(to) be unable to come
6986:Turkish verbs indicate
6828:who gives himself airs
6718:(Mr) Ford's family car
5647:
5638:
5344:Bana da getir bir kahve
5327:Bana da bir kahve getir
4726:(denoting a question),
3989:"(that) in the forest"
3472:after front vowels and
2446:Central Anatolia Region
2269:modern Turkish language
2099:, Greece (primarily in
2047:Geographic distribution
1983:
1942:
1595:Citizen, speak Turkish!
1565:Turkish language reform
1518:Death and state funeral
1513:Attempted assassination
1434:Turkish alphabet reform
1428:Turkish language reform
940:Second Turkic Khaganate
920:Old Turkic inscriptions
914:or "Book of Divination"
16961:Science and technology
16795:Presidential elections
16276:Prehistory of Anatolia
13978:Romanian Sign Language
12649:. 2005. Archived from
12288:. 2005. Archived from
12282:"Güncel Türkçe Sözlük"
12026:Kiliçasaslan, Yılmaz.
11846:Teach Yourself Turkish
11821:Alttürkische Grammatik
11193:. 2002. Archived from
10963:Mütercim Asım (1799).
10524:Balci, Bayram (2018).
10433:"Constitution of Iraq"
10087:
9626:
9599:
9583:Veysel gider adı kalır
9582:
9572:ɟø̞ɾcibäʃäne̞læɾɟe̞liɾ
9565:
9548:
9526:
9509:
9492:
9476:Açar solar türlü çiçek
9475:
9453:
9436:
9419:
9403:Can bedenden ayrılacak
9402:
9380:
9363:
9346:
9329:
9307:
9290:
9273:
9263:bænɟid̪e̞ɾimäd̪ɯmkäɫɯɾ
9257:Ben giderim adım kalır
9256:
9199:
9182:
9165:
9148:
9130:
8964:introduced in 1928 by
8953:
8807:
8665:
8659:
8653:
8647:
8641:
8421:göz + -et + -le + -mek
7636:
7630:
7624:
7618:
7612:
7606:
7600:
7594:
7588:
7568:
7553:
7546:
7539:
7524:
7517:
7510:
7495:
7488:
7481:
7469:
7462:
7455:
7448:
7436:
7429:
7422:
7415:
7403:
7396:
7389:
7382:
7370:
7363:
7356:
7349:
7337:
7327:
7320:
7307:
7298:
7289:
7271:
7265:
7259:
7253:
7247:
7233:
7227:
7208:
7196:
7184:
7168:
7156:
7144:
7132:
7120:
7108:
7096:
7084:
7072:
6944:
6930:
6916:
6898:
6885:
6879:
6873:
6867:
6771:year-end examinations
6740:the Ford family's car
6470:Indefinite (qualifier)
6449:
6432:
6398:
6392:
6382:
6376:
6370:
6364:
6358:
6352:
6346:
6340:
6334:
6328:
6322:
6316:
6310:
6304:
6298:
6292:
6269:
6257:
6245:
6233:
6221:
6209:
6197:
6185:
6173:
6161:
6149:
6137:
6125:
6106:
6100:
6094:
6084:
6074:
6049:
6031:
6017:
6008:
6002:
5996:
5986:
5976:
5968:with the village/tree
5962:
5955:
5947:
5936:from the village/tree
5926:
5919:
5911:
5890:
5883:
5875:
5854:
5847:
5839:
5816:
5809:
5802:
5781:
5774:
5767:
5750:
5743:
5725:
5717:
5692:
5686:
5676:
5666:
5630:
5622:
5614:
5606:
5591:
5580:Some foreign words of
5572:
5564:
5556:
5548:
5533:
5525:
5517:
5502:
5494:
5486:
5478:
5462:
5430:Bayramlaşamadıklarımız
5385:agglutinative language
5343:
5330:(get me a coffee too)
5326:
5307:
5289:
5068:
5062:
5056:
5050:
5036:
5030:
5024:
5018:
4994:
4976:
4958:
4918:
4912:
4883:
4864:
4845:
4826:
4807:
4788:
4768:
4730:(meaning similar to),
4701:
4682:
4663:
4644:
4625:
4606:
4569:(creating an adverb),
4546:
4538:
4523:
4515:
4507:
4499:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4453:
4445:
4431:
4423:
4415:
4407:
4399:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4367:
4359:
4347:
4340:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4242:
4233:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4057:
4044:
4026:
4013:
3995:
3982:
3964:
3951:
3933:
3920:
3902:
3889:
3871:
3858:
3841:
3835:"he/she/it is coming"
3828:
3811:
3798:
3753:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3680:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3572:
3420:
3236:Turkish Vowel Harmony
3161:
2480:; it is also known as
2362:
2127:
2076:
2028:
2015:
2005:
1970:
1960:
1929:
1919:
1901:
1898:Derived from the verb
1888:
1878:
1861:
1853:
1840:
1830:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1605:Turkish History Thesis
1043:
915:
730:was replaced with the
647:
641:
622:
589:This article contains
430:Bosnia and Herzegovina
171:Bosnia and Herzegovina
83:
64:
42:
35:
17459:Languages of Bulgaria
16956:Free trade agreements
16838:Intelligence Services
16635:North Anatolian Fault
15066:Old Anatolian Turkish
14483:Turkish bird language
14457:Turkish Sign Language
13793:Kurdish Sign Language
13413:Turkish Sign Language
13403:Cypriot Sign Language
13328:Semiofficial language
13167:Languages of Bulgaria
12796:Swadesh-list appendix
12743:Arkadaş Türkçe Sözlük
12127:WALS Online (v2020.3)
12083:Demir, Celal (2007).
11560:The Linguistic Review
10734:Soucek, Svat (2000).
10330:Middle East Quarterly
10324:Güçlü, Yücel (2007).
10153:Kesit Akademi Dergisi
10070:yaklaştığını anladığı
9991:Dünyayı Kurtaran Adam
9977:substantival sentence
9763:Plasnica Municipality
9684:Turkish bird language
9669:Turkish Sign Language
9624:
9589:ʋe̞jsælɟidæɾäd̪ɯkäɫɯɾ
9549:Gün ikindi akşam olur
9226:Âşık Veysel Şatıroğlu
8936:
8912:(the k changes to ğ)
8604:yat- + -(ı)r- + -(ı)m
8145:the ship they came on
7993:muhtarı seçildiği köy
7710:) and an older form (
7241:), future, optative,
7231:), inferential past (
7214:you should have come
7090:(to) be able to come
7042:is also glossed as a
6920:" can be translated "
6902:("there is no milk",
6754:Ankara Girls' School
6467:Definite (possessive)
6012:"we saw the trees ".
5569:(heroine) instead of
5446:of national unity").
5241:Yumurta-yı yedi Ahmet
5193:Ahmet yedi yumurta-yı
5145:Ahmet yumurta-yı yedi
5092:Immediately preverbal
5057:Necla okula gitti mi?
4964:Necla went to school
4865:diyorlár ki ólmıyacak
4795:he/she was my friend
4775:he/she was my friend
4189:Further information:
4120:Old Anatolian Turkish
4095:the possessive suffix
4020:"my mother's family"
3645:Native compound words
3406:
3227:Further information:
3202:rounded and unrounded
3159:
2427:Balkan Gagauz Turkish
2393:and is spoken by the
2352:
2194:Right: Road signs in
2142:mutually intelligible
2117:
2109:cultural assimilation
2083:in Turkey and by the
2060:
1850:Compound of the noun
1719:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
1467:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
1344:Nereye gidersin bire?
1054:Old Anatolian Turkish
1038:
907:
302:Old Anatolian Turkish
242:: 6.0 million (2019)
17469:Languages of Germany
17340:World heritage sites
16865:Turkish Armed Forces
16750:Constitutional Court
16664:Flora and vegetation
16642:Environmental issues
16630:East Anatolian Fault
16577:Mediterranean Region
16199:Languages of Georgia
16189:Languages of Armenia
14462:Mardin Sign Language
14055:Circassian languages
13858:Regional or minority
13835:Languages of Romania
13715:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
13344:Vernacular languages
12774:Turkish dictionaries
12641:Türkçe Sözlük (2005)
11572:10.1515/tlr.2006.001
11334:] (in Turkish).
11268:. 18 November 2012.
11035:Deutschlandtürkisch?
10449:. OSCE Minsk Group.
10410:. 24 December 2008.
8940:introducing the new
8730:information counter
8723:("information") and
8626:depositor, investor
8518:bed, place to sleep
8221:Güncel Türkçe Sözlük
7411:you (are wont to) go
6519:the answer "nobody"
6368:is affixed onto it:
6275:Am I at your house?
6251:I am at your house.
6104:" to the village?",
5864:to the village/tree
5828:of the village/tree
5826:the village's/tree's
5696:"of the villages").
5662:superscript notation
5417:("bright blue" <
5406:("boiling hot" <
5387:and frequently uses
5025:Necla öğretmen değil
4708:he/she/it is coming
4380:(husband's sister),
4134:for "your hand" and
4126:. It is likely that
3729:Invariable suffixes:
3554:("it is the coat").
2868:("soft g"), written
2423:Mediterranean Region
2367:immigrants to Turkey
2274:constitution of 1982
2267:in 1928, shaped the
2147:Foreign Languages TV
2138:Azerbaijani language
1814:English translation
1353:Where are you going?
1349:Nereye gidersin bre?
1018:Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
691:, and some parts of
89:[ˈtyɾcˈdili]
17489:Languages of Turkey
17479:Languages of Russia
17474:Languages of Kosovo
17464:Languages of Cyprus
16909:Banking and Finance
16527:History of Anatolia
16424:War of Independence
16416:Republic of Türkiye
16313:Battle of Manzikert
16204:Languages of Russia
14995:Chaharmahali Turkic
14321:Languages of Turkey
14195:Immigrant languages
14131:Varieties of Arabic
14119:Western Neo-Aramaic
13788:Iraqi Sign Language
13668:Mesopotamian Arabic
13538:Greek Sign Language
13462:Languages of Greece
13408:Greek Sign Language
13300:Languages of Cyprus
12794:(from Wiktionary's
12565:on December 4, 2005
12549:University of Essen
12149:Linguistic Typology
11904:. 3/2006: 139–149.
11336:Boğaziçi University
11306:on February 5, 2007
11055:European Commission
9659:Sun Language Theory
9555:ɟynicindiäkʃämo̞ɫuɾ
9001:Language Commission
8974:Perso-Arabic script
7749:English equivalent
7718:possessive suffixes
7648:Turkish verbs have
6463:
6445:Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
6155:your (sing.) house
5756:(the) village/tree
5084:, as in Korean and
5082:subject–object–verb
5037:Necla okula gitmedi
4982:Necla is a teacher
4763:as a separate word
4755:Meaning in English
4594:Meaning in English
4565:(meaning "while"),
3783:Meaning in English
3547:("it is the day"),
3362:Twofold (Backness)
2926:
2899:Consonant devoicing
2538:
2319:levelling influence
2278:coup d'état of 1980
1600:Sun Language Theory
1493:Cult of personality
1415:They became urban.
1367:Ferace giyer misin?
1339:Kancarı yılıgan be?
1064:Kara-Khanid Khanate
1041:Book of Dede Korkut
1013:Kara-Khanid Khanate
952:Old Turkic alphabet
948:Old Turkic language
924:Orkhon inscriptions
918:The earliest known
751:subject–object–verb
724:Perso-Arabic script
422:Recognised minority
16966:Telecommunications
16755:Court of Cassation
16456:Multi-party period
16365:Ottoman Old Regime
16286:Byzantine Anatolia
16281:Classical Anatolia
15674:Caucasian Albanian
14043:Minority languages
14020:Languages of Syria
13652:Official languages
13370:Minority languages
13307:Official languages
13190:Minority languages
13066:History and reform
12519:Harvard University
12340:"Atatürk ve Yazım"
12187:2013-05-16 at the
11777:Mundy, C. (1957).
11224:, 4 January 2017,
11221:The New York Times
11191:CIA World Factbook
10786:. pp. 174–175
10617:"Altaic Languages"
9824:, "set up, found".
9709:Kirkuk Governorate
9627:
9030:, which denotes (
8954:
8830:Possessive Suffix
8827:Constituent words
8681:Constituent words
8657:) or black pepper
8593:Verb (infinitive)
8485:Verb (infinitive)
8428:Verb (infinitive)
8410:Verb (infinitive)
8215:Turkish vocabulary
7797:şimdi konuşan adam
7654:present participle
7628:means "you went",
6461:
6441:belirtisiz tamlama
6320:(2pl, or 2h), and
6015:The declension of
4969:Nominal (no verb)
4561:(meaning "with"),
4412:(paternal uncle),
4388:(brother's wife),
4263:(vinegar-seller),
4164:. You can help by
3777:Invariable suffix
3533:("it is Turkey"),
3421:
3162:
3160:Vowels of Turkish.
2924:
2915:consonant mutation
2536:
2464:dialect, exhibits
2401:is the dialect of
2363:
2240:has requested the
2234:Kirkuk Governorate
2186:Kirkuk Governorate
2128:
2077:
1740:his lengthy speech
1560:Educational reform
1503:Atatürk Centennial
1362:Ferâce giyermisin?
1084:Turkish literature
1044:
1009:Mahmud al-Kashgari
950:written using the
916:
842:family, including
759:grammatical gender
628:[ˈtyɾctʃe]
353:Meskhetian Turkish
70:[ˈtyɾctʃe]
17426:
17425:
17420:
17419:
17348:
17347:
16890:
16889:
16833:Foreign relations
16807:Political parties
16707:
16706:
16540:
16539:
16532:History of Thrace
16434:Atatürk's reforms
16325:Anatolian beyliks
16212:
16211:
16171:extinct languages
16112:
16111:
16038:
16037:
15892:
15891:
15832:
15831:
15389:
15388:
15373:extinct languages
15277:
15276:
15273:
15272:
15269:
15268:
15183:
15182:
15084:
15083:
15031:South Azerbaijani
15026:North Azerbaijani
14932:
14931:
14721:
14720:
14525:
14524:
14504:Turkey portal
14476:Whistle languages
14328:Official language
14280:
14279:
14027:Official language
13986:
13985:
13842:Official language
13801:
13800:
13645:Languages of Iraq
13604:
13603:
13564:Macedonian Slavic
13469:Official language
13421:
13420:
13259:
13258:
13174:Official language
13120:
13119:
13099:Turkey portal
12528:on March 15, 2007
12422:978-1-134-04218-0
11857:978-0-340-49231-4
11801:Deny, J. (1921).
11698:turkishbasics.com
11018:(25th ed., 2022)
11010:Kurdish, Northern
10882:978-90-04-28985-7
10847:on March 16, 2007
10749:978-0-521-65169-1
10638:978-0-19-938465-5
10565:978-3-447-05212-2
10537:978-0-19-005030-6
10502:Council of Europe
10205:Council of Europe
10185:978-90-04-14476-7
10134:(27th ed., 2024)
10074:babasını gördüğüm
9835:⟨ı⟩
9614:
9613:
9214:
9213:
9118:Turkish spelling
9072:⟨g⟩
9068:⟨k⟩
9056:⟨ç⟩
9052:⟨ş⟩
9048:⟨ğ⟩
9044:⟨ü⟩
9040:⟨ö⟩
9036:⟨ı⟩
9032:⟨j⟩
9028:⟨c⟩
8944:to the people of
8916:
8915:
8803:
8802:
8633:
8632:
8432:
8431:
8335:optician's trade
8206:
8205:
8070:written-my letter
7656:(with the ending
7650:attributive forms
7584:
7583:
7218:
7217:
7044:direct evidential
6924:has/doesn't have
6883:("existent") and
6832:
6831:
6608:the name "Orhan"
6563:Atatürk Boulevard
6420:belirtili tamlama
6288:personal pronouns
6282:Personal pronouns
6279:
6278:
6215:from your houses
5977:(bir) ağaç gördük
5972:
5971:
5791:the village/tree
5672:instrumental case
5635:(< Old Turkic
5354:
5353:
5256:
5255:
5247:Ahmet ate the egg
5244:egg.ACC ate Ahmet
5199:Ahmet ate the egg
5196:Ahmet ate egg.ACC
5151:Ahmet ate the egg
5148:Ahmet egg.ACC ate
5009:
5008:
4894:
4893:
4722:(meaning to be),
4712:
4711:
4482:(from reality)),
4404:(maternal aunt),
4396:(paternal aunt),
4337:"fishing line"),
4182:
4181:
4067:
4066:
3927:"in the morning"
3896:"while sleeping"
3417:Istanbul Marathon
3401:
3400:
3194:⟨ü⟩
3190:⟨u⟩
3186:⟨ö⟩
3182:⟨o⟩
3178:⟨i⟩
3174:⟨ı⟩
3170:⟨e⟩
3166:⟨a⟩
3087:
3086:
2870:⟨ğ⟩
2859:
2858:
2520:Turkish phonology
2498:Karamanli Turkish
2409:is spoken in the
2383:Balkan sprachbund
2304:İstanbul Türkçesi
2261:linguistic purism
2132:Kurdish languages
2075:
2037:
2036:
1703:
1702:
1580:Industrialization
1475:
1474:
1419:
1418:
1383:Bargım yavıncıdı.
1147:Turkman language
1135:Turkman language
1101:–1922) is termed
1039:The 15th century
834:Historically the
765:and has a strong
753:. Turkish has no
720:Atatürk's reforms
703:. Turkish is the
683:, other parts of
615:
614:
597:rendering support
593:phonetic symbols.
462:Regulated by
348:Karamanli Turkish
244:Total: 90 million
17506:
17444:Turkish language
17439:Turkic languages
17408:
17407:
17396:
17395:
17384:
17383:
17372:
17371:
17360:
17165:
17164:
17050:Cities and towns
17031:Turkish language
16986:Turkish Airlines
16802:Electoral system
16765:Council of State
16718:
16717:
16652:Waste management
16582:Black Sea Region
16560:
16551:
16550:
16505:Turkic migration
16451:One-party period
16320:Sultanate of Rum
16266:
16265:
16251:
16250:
16239:
16232:
16225:
16216:
16215:
16049:
16048:
15914:
15913:
15900:
15517:
15516:
15443:
15442:
15423:Languages of the
15416:
15409:
15402:
15393:
15392:
15139:
15138:
15132:
15131:
15095:
15094:
14962:Khorasani Turkic
14952:
14951:
14732:
14731:
14626:
14625:
14592:
14591:
14559:Turkic languages
14552:
14545:
14538:
14529:
14528:
14513:
14512:
14502:
14501:
14500:
14426:Levantine Arabic
14319:
14318:
14307:
14300:
14293:
14284:
14283:
14159:
14152:
14013:
14006:
13999:
13990:
13989:
13828:
13821:
13814:
13805:
13804:
13752:Gorani (Hawrami)
13643:
13642:
13631:
13624:
13617:
13608:
13607:
13569:Megleno-Romanian
13460:
13459:
13448:
13441:
13434:
13425:
13424:
13298:
13297:
13286:
13279:
13272:
13263:
13262:
13227:Working language
13160:
13153:
13146:
13137:
13136:
13124:
13123:
13108:
13107:
13097:
13096:
13095:
13060:
13007:Turkish language
13000:
12993:
12986:
12977:
12976:
12971:
12963:
12962:
12961:
12954:
12946:
12945:
12944:
12937:
12936:from Wikiversity
12929:
12928:
12927:
12920:
12912:
12911:
12910:
12903:
12895:
12894:
12893:
12886:
12878:
12877:
12876:
12869:
12861:
12860:
12859:
12852:
12844:
12843:
12842:
12835:
12827:
12826:
12825:
12815:
12809:Turkish language
12783:Turkish language
12760:
12737:
12716:
12712:978975-7384-72-4
12686:
12684:
12683:
12677:
12670:
12661:
12659:
12658:
12653:on March 1, 2007
12634:
12632:
12631:
12611:
12609:
12608:
12588:
12586:
12585:
12573:
12571:
12570:
12564:
12557:
12536:
12534:
12533:
12527:
12521:. Archived from
12516:
12503:
12484:
12465:
12457:
12439:
12438:
12436:
12434:
12406:
12400:
12399:
12387:
12377:
12371:
12370:
12368:
12367:
12332:
12326:
12325:
12307:
12301:
12300:
12298:
12297:
12278:
12272:
12271:
12269:
12268:
12253:
12247:
12246:
12244:
12243:
12228:
12222:
12221:
12219:
12218:
12212:
12205:
12197:
12191:
12179:
12173:
12172:
12144:
12138:
12137:
12135:
12134:
12121:
12115:
12114:
12112:
12111:
12105:
12090:
12080:
12074:
12073:
12071:
12070:
12055:
12049:
12048:
12046:
12045:
12039:
12032:
12023:
12017:
12016:
11998:
11992:
11991:
11979:
11973:
11972:
11954:
11945:
11944:
11926:
11917:
11916:
11914:
11913:
11893:
11887:
11886:
11868:
11862:
11861:
11849:
11836:
11825:
11824:
11816:
11807:
11806:
11798:
11783:
11782:
11774:
11757:
11756:
11744:
11738:
11737:
11719:
11713:
11712:
11710:
11709:
11690:
11684:
11683:
11681:
11680:
11671:. Archived from
11661:
11655:
11654:
11636:
11599:
11598:
11596:
11590:. Archived from
11557:
11548:
11542:
11541:
11539:
11538:
11532:
11526:. Archived from
11511:
11502:
11487:
11486:
11474:
11468:
11467:
11459:
11453:
11452:
11450:
11443:
11432:
11426:
11425:
11423:
11422:
11404:
11398:
11397:
11395:
11394:
11389:on June 27, 2007
11388:
11382:. Archived from
11365:
11356:
11350:
11349:
11320:
11314:
11313:
11312:
11311:
11305:
11298:
11287:
11281:
11280:
11278:
11277:
11258:
11252:
11251:
11243:
11237:
11236:
11235:
11233:
11212:
11206:
11205:
11203:
11202:
11197:on June 13, 2007
11183:
11177:
11176:
11174:
11172:
11151:
11145:
11144:
11142:
11141:
11122:
11116:
11115:
11113:
11112:
11090:
11084:
11083:
11081:
11080:
11074:
11063:
11051:
11045:
11032:
11026:
11025:
11024:
11007:
10998:
10997:
10995:
10994:
10975:
10969:
10968:
10960:
10954:
10953:
10951:
10949:
10940:. Archived from
10930:
10924:
10923:
10921:
10920:
10904:
10898:
10897:
10895:
10894:
10873:Brill Publishers
10862:
10856:
10855:
10853:
10852:
10833:
10824:
10823:
10805:
10796:
10795:
10793:
10791:
10778:
10772:
10771:
10760:
10754:
10753:
10741:
10731:
10725:
10724:
10706:
10700:
10699:
10697:
10696:
10681:
10675:
10674:
10666:
10660:
10657:
10648:
10647:
10646:
10645:
10612:
10606:
10603:
10597:
10594:
10588:
10587:
10582:. Archived from
10576:
10570:
10569:
10551:
10542:
10541:
10521:
10515:
10514:
10493:
10487:
10486:
10472:
10466:
10465:
10459:
10458:
10443:
10437:
10436:
10429:
10423:
10422:
10420:
10419:
10404:
10398:
10397:
10391:
10390:
10355:
10342:
10341:
10321:
10312:
10311:
10294:
10288:
10287:
10281:
10280:
10252:
10246:
10245:
10224:
10218:
10217:
10196:
10190:
10189:
10176:Brill Publishers
10167:
10161:
10160:
10148:
10142:
10141:
10140:
10123:
10101:
10098:
10092:
10090:
10083:
10077:
10066:
10060:
10031:
10025:
10014:
10008:
10005:
9999:
9986:
9980:
9973:
9967:
9960:
9954:
9944:
9938:
9935:
9929:
9926:
9920:
9917:
9911:
9908:month of fasting
9900:
9894:
9883:
9877:
9874:
9868:
9865:
9859:
9848:
9842:
9840:
9836:
9831:
9825:
9798:
9792:
9789:
9783:
9780:
9774:
9771:
9765:
9755:
9749:
9726:
9720:
9705:
9653:
9648:
9647:
9646:
9631:keyboard layouts
9607:
9602:
9590:
9585:
9573:
9568:
9556:
9551:
9534:
9529:
9517:
9512:
9500:
9495:
9483:
9478:
9461:
9456:
9444:
9439:
9427:
9422:
9410:
9405:
9388:
9383:
9371:
9366:
9354:
9349:
9337:
9332:
9315:
9310:
9298:
9293:
9281:
9276:
9264:
9259:
9239:
9228:(1894–1973), an
9207:
9202:
9190:
9185:
9173:
9168:
9156:
9151:
9140:
9135:
9115:
9114:
9073:
9069:
9062:is written over
9057:
9053:
9049:
9045:
9041:
9037:
9033:
9029:
8997:cultural reforms
8942:Turkish alphabet
8925:Turkish alphabet
8818:
8817:
8810:
8684:Literal meaning
8672:
8671:
8668:
8662:
8656:
8650:
8644:
8586:yat- + -(ı)r-mak
8437:
8436:
8403:göz + -le + -mek
8367:göz + -lem + -ci
8313:göz + -lük + -çü
8254:
8253:
8166:
8139:geldikleri vapur
8106:emerged-our door
7877:
7800:now speaking man
7768:who, which/that
7746:
7745:
7715:
7709:
7702:
7695:relative clauses
7689:
7683:
7673:
7667:
7661:
7639:
7633:
7627:
7621:
7615:
7609:
7603:
7597:
7591:
7571:
7564:go! (imperative)
7556:
7549:
7542:
7527:
7520:
7513:
7498:
7491:
7484:
7472:
7465:
7458:
7451:
7439:
7432:
7425:
7418:
7406:
7399:
7392:
7385:
7373:
7366:
7359:
7352:
7340:
7330:
7323:
7310:
7301:
7292:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7268:
7262:
7256:
7250:
7236:
7230:
7211:
7199:
7187:
7171:
7162:if you can come
7159:
7147:
7135:
7123:
7111:
7099:
7087:
7075:
7060:
7059:
6947:
6942:non-existent");
6933:
6919:
6901:
6888:
6882:
6876:
6871:("beautiful") →
6870:
6701:Ford family car
6542:Atatürk's house
6499:nobody's answer
6464:
6460:
6452:
6435:
6424:Türkiye'nin sesi
6401:
6395:
6389:
6380:(1pl ins.); but
6379:
6373:
6367:
6361:
6355:
6349:
6343:
6337:
6331:
6325:
6319:
6313:
6307:
6301:
6295:
6272:
6260:
6248:
6236:
6224:
6212:
6200:
6188:
6176:
6164:
6152:
6140:
6128:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6103:
6097:
6087:
6077:
6064:
6042:
6020:
6011:
6005:
5999:
5989:
5979:
5965:
5958:
5950:
5933:
5922:
5914:
5897:
5886:
5878:
5861:
5850:
5842:
5823:
5812:
5805:
5788:
5777:
5770:
5753:
5746:
5728:
5720:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5689:
5679:
5669:
5654:definite article
5641:
5633:
5625:
5617:
5609:
5594:
5575:
5567:
5559:
5551:
5536:
5528:
5520:
5505:
5497:
5489:
5481:
5473:domestic animals
5465:
5346:
5329:
5310:
5292:
5267:
5266:
5221:
5189:
5133:
5099:
5098:
5071:
5065:
5059:
5053:
5044:Yes/no questions
5039:
5033:
5027:
5021:
5001:
4979:
4961:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4915:
4886:
4867:
4848:
4829:
4810:
4791:
4771:
4752:Turkish example
4749:Enclitic suffix
4746:
4745:
4704:
4685:
4666:
4647:
4628:
4609:
4591:Turkish example
4588:Enclitic suffix
4585:
4584:
4549:
4541:
4528:(prime minister)
4526:
4518:
4510:
4502:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4448:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4378:
4372:(older sister),
4370:
4362:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4335:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4269:
4261:
4253:
4245:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4177:
4174:
4156:
4149:
4060:
4047:
4029:
4016:
3998:
3985:
3967:
3954:
3936:
3923:
3905:
3892:
3874:
3861:
3844:
3831:
3814:
3801:
3780:Turkish example
3774:
3773:
3756:
3723:
3722:
3715:
3707:
3699:
3691:
3690:
3683:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3639:
3631:
3623:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3409:Bosphorus Bridge
3357:
3345:
3333:
3321:
3309:
3297:
3285:
3273:
3233:
3232:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3109:'horse', dative
2945:Dictionary form
2927:
2923:
2920:
2871:
2847:
2828:
2820:
2813:
2805:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2754:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2599:
2592:
2539:
2535:
2526:Turkish alphabet
2505:
2504:
2458:Black Sea Region
2434:Meskhetian Turks
2395:Turkish Cypriots
2389:is the name for
2375:Rumelian Turkish
2355:Turkish dialects
2300:Istanbul Turkish
2290:Turkish dialects
2265:Turkish alphabet
2174:
2165:
2085:Turkish diaspora
2073:
2070:
2064:
2053:Turkish diaspora
2031:
2018:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1986:
1973:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1932:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1904:
1891:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1864:
1856:
1843:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1808:Ottoman Turkish
1805:
1804:
1797:computer science
1789:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1757:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1397:My stomach hurt.
1357:Muhıdı geyen mi?
1333:Where were you?
1150:Ottoman Turkish
1138:Ottoman Turkish
1127:
1100:
1097:
1026:
1025:
1024:ديوان لغات الترك
974:
971:
966:Turkic expansion
926:found in modern
908:The 9th-century
783:Turkic languages
736:Turkish alphabet
653:Turkic languages
650:
648:Türkiye Türkçesi
645:; also known as
644:
638:
637:
636:
630:
625:
580:
574:
568:
563:
541:
525:
518:
509:
508:
500:
491:
490:
482:
424:language in
385:Turkish alphabet
376:
358:Rumelian Turkish
324:Istanbul Turkish
254:
91:
86:
80:
79:
78:
72:
67:
55:
45:
38:
26:
25:
21:Turkic languages
17514:
17513:
17509:
17508:
17507:
17505:
17504:
17503:
17429:
17428:
17427:
17422:
17421:
17416:
17344:
17163:
17159:Women in Turkey
17127:Law enforcement
17081:
17077:Life expectancy
17043:Islam in Turkey
16997:
16886:
16848:National Police
16816:
16771:
16703:
16694:Turkish Riviera
16601:
16558:
16557:
16536:
16493:
16460:
16439:Language reform
16410:
16329:
16290:
16255:
16245:
16243:
16213:
16208:
16182:
16157:
16152:Shirvani Arabic
16108:
16080:
16061:Karachay-Balkar
16034:
15996:
15973:
15908:
15901:
15888:
15840:
15828:
15807:
15771:
15722:
15628:
15578:
15512:
15504:
15467:Judaeo-Georgian
15449:
15436:
15428:
15420:
15390:
15385:
15384:
15359:
15327:
15302:
15265:
15236:
15179:
15153:
15130:
15114:
15080:
15073:Ottoman Turkish
15009:
14978:
14950:
14928:
14887:
14845:Fergana Kipchak
14832:
14801:Karachay-Balkar
14770:
14717:
14683:
14645:
14615:
14581:
14561:
14556:
14526:
14521:
14498:
14496:
14487:
14471:
14445:
14379:
14339:
14323:
14313:
14311:
14281:
14276:
14190:
14174:
14155:
14148:
14125:
14038:
14034:Standard Arabic
14022:
14017:
13987:
13982:
13966:
13859:
13853:
13837:
13832:
13802:
13797:
13776:
13740:
13698:
13647:
13637:
13635:
13605:
13600:
13574:Pomak Bulgarian
13547:Other languages
13542:
13526:
13485:Greek varieties
13480:
13464:
13454:
13452:
13422:
13417:
13391:
13365:
13356:Cypriot Turkish
13339:
13323:
13302:
13292:
13290:
13260:
13255:
13239:
13221:
13185:
13169:
13164:
13129:
13121:
13116:
13093:
13091:
13082:
13073:Ottoman Turkish
13061:
13052:
13009:
13004:
12974:
12967:Turkish edition
12964:
12959:
12957:
12953:from Wikivoyage
12947:
12942:
12940:
12930:
12925:
12923:
12913:
12908:
12906:
12902:from Wikisource
12896:
12891:
12889:
12879:
12874:
12872:
12862:
12857:
12855:
12845:
12840:
12838:
12834:from Wiktionary
12828:
12823:
12821:
12818:
12814:sister projects
12811:at Knowledge's
12770:
12757:
12713:
12693:
12691:Further reading
12681:
12679:
12675:
12668:
12664:
12656:
12654:
12637:
12629:
12627:
12606:
12604:
12591:
12583:
12581:
12576:
12568:
12566:
12562:
12555:
12541:On-line sources
12531:
12529:
12525:
12514:
12500:
12481:
12471:Orhun Abideleri
12460:
12448:
12443:
12442:
12432:
12430:
12423:
12407:
12403:
12396:
12378:
12374:
12365:
12363:
12333:
12329:
12322:
12308:
12304:
12295:
12293:
12280:
12279:
12275:
12266:
12264:
12255:
12254:
12250:
12241:
12239:
12230:
12229:
12225:
12216:
12214:
12210:
12203:
12199:
12198:
12194:
12189:Wayback Machine
12180:
12176:
12145:
12141:
12132:
12130:
12122:
12118:
12109:
12107:
12103:
12088:
12081:
12077:
12068:
12066:
12059:"İmlâ Kilavuzu"
12057:
12056:
12052:
12043:
12041:
12037:
12030:
12024:
12020:
12013:
11999:
11995:
11980:
11976:
11969:
11959:Turkish Grammar
11955:
11948:
11941:
11927:
11920:
11911:
11909:
11894:
11890:
11883:
11873:Turkish Grammar
11869:
11865:
11858:
11840:Lewis, Geoffrey
11837:
11828:
11817:
11810:
11799:
11786:
11775:
11760:
11745:
11741:
11734:
11720:
11716:
11707:
11705:
11692:
11691:
11687:
11678:
11676:
11663:
11662:
11658:
11651:
11641:Turkish Grammar
11637:
11602:
11594:
11555:
11549:
11545:
11536:
11534:
11530:
11524:
11509:
11503:
11490:
11475:
11471:
11460:
11456:
11448:
11441:
11433:
11429:
11420:
11418:
11405:
11401:
11392:
11390:
11386:
11363:
11357:
11353:
11346:
11324:Özsoy, A. Sumru
11321:
11317:
11309:
11307:
11303:
11296:
11288:
11284:
11275:
11273:
11260:
11259:
11255:
11244:
11240:
11231:
11229:
11214:
11213:
11209:
11200:
11198:
11185:
11184:
11180:
11170:
11168:
11163:. 9 July 2015.
11153:
11152:
11148:
11139:
11137:
11124:
11123:
11119:
11110:
11108:
11091:
11087:
11078:
11076:
11072:
11061:
11052:
11048:
11033:
11029:
11019:
11008:
11001:
10992:
10990:
10977:
10976:
10972:
10961:
10957:
10947:
10945:
10944:on 14 July 2019
10932:
10931:
10927:
10918:
10916:
10905:
10901:
10892:
10890:
10883:
10863:
10859:
10850:
10848:
10834:
10827:
10820:
10806:
10799:
10789:
10787:
10780:
10779:
10775:
10761:
10757:
10750:
10732:
10728:
10721:
10707:
10703:
10694:
10692:
10683:
10682:
10678:
10667:
10663:
10658:
10651:
10643:
10641:
10639:
10613:
10609:
10604:
10600:
10595:
10591:
10578:
10577:
10573:
10566:
10552:
10545:
10538:
10522:
10518:
10512:
10495:
10494:
10490:
10474:
10473:
10469:
10456:
10454:
10445:
10444:
10440:
10431:
10430:
10426:
10417:
10415:
10406:
10405:
10401:
10388:
10386:
10379:
10356:
10345:
10336:on 2019-09-10.
10322:
10315:
10309:
10295:
10291:
10278:
10276:
10269:
10253:
10249:
10243:
10225:
10221:
10215:
10198:
10197:
10193:
10186:
10178:. p. 402.
10174:. Vol. 4.
10168:
10164:
10149:
10145:
10135:
10124:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10104:
10099:
10095:
10084:
10080:
10067:
10063:
10032:
10028:
10015:
10011:
10006:
10002:
9987:
9983:
9974:
9970:
9961:
9957:
9945:
9941:
9936:
9932:
9927:
9923:
9918:
9914:
9901:
9897:
9884:
9880:
9875:
9871:
9866:
9862:
9849:
9845:
9834:
9832:
9828:
9799:
9795:
9790:
9786:
9781:
9777:
9772:
9768:
9756:
9752:
9748:municipalities.
9727:
9723:
9706:
9702:
9697:
9649:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9619:
9542:
9469:
9396:
9323:
9219:
9071:
9067:
9055:
9051:
9047:
9043:
9039:
9035:
9031:
9027:
8972:, a version of
8968:to replace the
8931:
8929:Turkish Braille
8923:Main articles:
8921:
8792:("before") and
8776:primary finger
8700:("Sunday") and
8233:
8217:
8211:
8202:
8192:
8184:
8176:
8168:
8163:approach-their-
8147:
8142:come-their ship
8137:
8129:
8111:
8103:çıktığımız kapı
8101:
8093:
8075:
8067:yazdığım mektup
8065:
8057:
8038:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8001:
7991:
7983:
7981:been-chosen-his
7975:
7957:
7947:
7939:
7931:
7913:
7903:
7895:
7887:
7879:
7858:
7848:
7840:
7832:
7824:
7805:
7795:
7787:
7779:
7711:
7705:
7698:
7685:
7679:
7669:
7663:
7657:
7646:
7223:
7185:gelebilmeliydin
6984:
6978:
6859:
6839:takısız tamlama
6412:
6284:
6270:Evinizde miyim?
6258:Evinizdeymişim.
6234:evlerinizdenmiş
6203:of your houses
6009:ağaçları gördük
5827:
5650:
5561:(woman), e.g.,
5457:
5452:
5381:
5379:Turkish grammar
5375:
5363:topic-prominent
5359:
5261:
5249:
5239:
5231:
5223:
5201:
5191:
5180:
5172:
5153:
5143:
5135:
5124:
5094:
5078:
5046:
5014:
4904:
4902:Sentence groups
4899:
4512:(stark naked),
4490:(during winter)
4474:(really), (but
4420:(grasshopper),
4323:"restaurant"),
4201:
4193:
4187:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4162:needs expansion
4124:palatal harmony
3585:"light brown",
3560:
3231:
3225:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3154:
3125:'sheet metal',
3101:'name' (dative
2949:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2907:
2901:
2869:
2759:
2718:
2665:
2617:
2561:
2553:
2534:
2529:
2522:
2516:
2468:influence from
2391:Cypriot Turkish
2387:Kıbrıs Türkçesi
2292:
2286:
2253:Türk Dil Kurumu
2214:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2193:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2167:
2166:
2155:
2153:Official status
2072:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2049:
2044:
1811:Modern Turkish
1732:Ottoman-Turkish
1723:language reform
1699:
1667:
1665:
1658:
1643:
1621:
1585:Nation-building
1529:
1508:Military career
1466:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1440:
1430:
1424:
1153:Modern Turkish
1141:Modern Turkish
1103:Ottoman Turkish
1098:
1056:
1050:
1048:Ottoman Turkish
1033:
1031:Ottoman Turkish
983:all the way to
972:
959:runic alphabets
902:
892:
803:and north-west
785:
779:
771:social distance
767:T–V distinction
712:Ottoman Turkish
677:North Macedonia
632:
631:
595:Without proper
583:
582:
578:
576:
572:
570:
566:
537:
521:
514:
504:
503:
496:
486:
485:
478:
456:
452:
450:North Macedonia
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
425:
423:
413:
411:Northern Cyprus
409:
403:
396:Official status
390:Turkish Braille
388:
377:
372:
338:Cypriot Turkish
327:
318:
311:
307:Ottoman Turkish
297:
290:
255:
252:Language family
250:
243:
238:
216:
175:
166:North Macedonia
109:Northern Cyprus
81:
74:
73:
40:
39:(noun, adverb)
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
17512:
17502:
17501:
17496:
17491:
17486:
17481:
17476:
17471:
17466:
17461:
17456:
17451:
17446:
17441:
17424:
17423:
17418:
17417:
17415:
17414:
17402:
17390:
17378:
17366:
17353:
17350:
17349:
17346:
17345:
17343:
17342:
17337:
17332:
17327:
17322:
17317:
17316:
17315:
17305:
17300:
17295:
17290:
17285:
17280:
17279:
17278:
17276:Radio stations
17273:
17268:
17258:
17253:
17248:
17243:
17238:
17233:
17228:
17223:
17222:
17221:
17211:
17206:
17201:
17196:
17195:
17194:
17189:
17179:
17173:
17171:
17162:
17161:
17156:
17151:
17146:
17145:
17144:
17139:
17134:
17124:
17119:
17118:
17117:
17107:
17102:
17101:
17100:
17089:
17087:
17083:
17082:
17080:
17079:
17074:
17069:
17068:
17067:
17062:
17057:
17047:
17046:
17045:
17035:
17034:
17033:
17023:
17018:
17013:
17011:Turkish people
17007:
17005:
16999:
16998:
16996:
16995:
16994:
16993:
16988:
16983:
16976:Transportation
16973:
16968:
16963:
16958:
16953:
16952:
16951:
16946:
16941:
16936:
16926:
16921:
16916:
16911:
16906:
16900:
16898:
16892:
16891:
16888:
16887:
16885:
16884:
16883:
16882:
16877:
16872:
16862:
16857:
16856:
16855:
16850:
16840:
16835:
16830:
16824:
16822:
16818:
16817:
16815:
16814:
16809:
16804:
16799:
16798:
16797:
16792:
16781:
16779:
16773:
16772:
16770:
16769:
16768:
16767:
16762:
16757:
16752:
16742:
16741:
16740:
16730:
16724:
16722:
16715:
16709:
16708:
16705:
16704:
16702:
16701:
16696:
16691:
16686:
16684:National parks
16681:
16676:
16671:
16666:
16661:
16656:
16655:
16654:
16649:
16639:
16638:
16637:
16632:
16622:
16621:
16620:
16618:Climate change
16609:
16607:
16603:
16602:
16600:
16599:
16594:
16589:
16584:
16579:
16574:
16569:
16567:Marmara Region
16563:
16561:
16559:(west to east)
16548:
16542:
16541:
16538:
16537:
16535:
16534:
16529:
16524:
16519:
16514:
16513:
16512:
16501:
16499:
16495:
16494:
16492:
16491:
16486:
16485:
16484:
16474:
16472:Constitutional
16468:
16466:
16462:
16461:
16459:
16458:
16453:
16448:
16447:
16446:
16441:
16431:
16426:
16420:
16418:
16412:
16411:
16409:
16408:
16407:
16406:
16396:
16395:
16394:
16389:
16384:
16374:
16373:
16372:
16362:
16360:Transformation
16357:
16356:
16355:
16345:
16339:
16337:
16335:Ottoman Empire
16331:
16330:
16328:
16327:
16322:
16317:
16316:
16315:
16304:
16302:
16292:
16291:
16289:
16288:
16283:
16278:
16272:
16270:
16263:
16257:
16256:
16242:
16241:
16234:
16227:
16219:
16210:
16209:
16207:
16206:
16201:
16196:
16191:
16186:
16181:
16180:
16173:
16163:
16162:
16159:
16158:
16156:
16155:
16148:
16147:
16146:
16141:
16131:
16126:
16120:
16118:
16114:
16113:
16110:
16109:
16107:
16106:
16101:
16096:
16090:
16088:
16082:
16081:
16079:
16078:
16073:
16068:
16063:
16057:
16055:
16046:
16040:
16039:
16036:
16035:
16033:
16032:
16027:
16022:
16021:
16020:
16015:
16004:
16002:
15998:
15997:
15995:
15994:
15989:
15983:
15981:
15975:
15974:
15972:
15971:
15970:
15969:
15959:
15958:
15957:
15945:
15940:
15935:
15934:
15933:
15922:
15920:
15911:
15903:
15902:
15895:
15893:
15890:
15889:
15887:
15886:
15879:
15878:
15877:
15872:
15862:
15861:
15860:
15855:
15844:
15842:
15834:
15833:
15830:
15829:
15827:
15826:
15821:
15815:
15813:
15809:
15808:
15806:
15805:
15796:
15782:
15780:
15773:
15772:
15770:
15769:
15768:
15767:
15762:
15761:
15760:
15750:
15738:
15732:
15730:
15724:
15723:
15721:
15720:
15719:
15718:
15717:
15716:
15711:
15703:
15702:
15701:
15700:
15699:
15689:
15681:
15680:
15679:
15678:
15677:
15665:
15660:
15655:
15644:
15638:
15636:
15630:
15629:
15627:
15626:
15621:
15616:
15611:
15606:
15605:
15604:
15594:
15588:
15586:
15580:
15579:
15577:
15576:
15571:
15570:
15569:
15564:
15559:
15550:
15541:
15536:
15525:
15523:
15514:
15506:
15505:
15503:
15502:
15497:
15496:
15495:
15494:
15493:
15488:
15478:
15477:
15476:
15469:
15453:
15451:
15440:
15430:
15429:
15419:
15418:
15411:
15404:
15396:
15387:
15386:
15383:
15382:
15375:
15365:
15364:
15361:
15360:
15358:
15357:
15352:
15347:
15341:
15339:
15329:
15328:
15326:
15325:
15318:
15310:
15308:
15304:
15303:
15301:
15300:
15293:
15287:
15285:
15279:
15278:
15275:
15274:
15271:
15270:
15267:
15266:
15264:
15263:
15256:
15248:
15246:
15238:
15237:
15235:
15234:
15229:
15224:
15223:
15222:
15217:
15212:
15205:Northern Altai
15202:
15197:
15191:
15189:
15185:
15184:
15181:
15180:
15178:
15177:
15172:
15167:
15161:
15159:
15155:
15154:
15152:
15151:
15145:
15143:
15136:
15129:
15128:
15122:
15120:
15116:
15115:
15113:
15112:
15107:
15101:
15099:
15092:
15086:
15085:
15082:
15081:
15079:
15078:
15077:
15076:
15069:
15057:
15052:
15047:
15042:
15041:
15040:
15033:
15028:
15017:
15015:
15011:
15010:
15008:
15007:
15002:
14997:
14992:
14986:
14984:
14980:
14979:
14977:
14976:
14975:
14974:
14964:
14958:
14956:
14949:
14948:
14942:
14940:
14934:
14933:
14930:
14929:
14927:
14926:
14925:
14924:
14919:Siberian Tatar
14916:
14911:
14906:
14901:
14899:Dobrujan Tatar
14895:
14893:
14889:
14888:
14886:
14885:
14884:
14883:
14880:
14873:Siberian Tatar
14870:
14869:
14868:
14863:
14856:Southern Altai
14853:
14848:
14840:
14838:
14834:
14833:
14831:
14830:
14825:
14822:Mamluk-Kipchak
14818:
14813:
14808:
14803:
14798:
14791:
14786:
14783:Armeno-Kipchak
14778:
14776:
14772:
14771:
14769:
14768:
14767:
14766:
14759:
14754:
14744:
14738:
14736:
14729:
14723:
14722:
14719:
14718:
14716:
14715:
14708:
14701:
14693:
14691:
14685:
14684:
14682:
14681:
14676:
14671:
14670:
14669:
14664:
14653:
14651:
14647:
14646:
14644:
14643:
14641:Southern Uzbek
14638:
14636:Northern Uzbek
14632:
14630:
14623:
14617:
14616:
14614:
14613:
14608:
14600:
14598:
14589:
14583:
14582:
14580:
14579:
14571:
14569:
14567:Proto-language
14563:
14562:
14555:
14554:
14547:
14540:
14532:
14523:
14522:
14520:
14519:
14507:
14492:
14489:
14488:
14486:
14485:
14479:
14477:
14473:
14472:
14470:
14469:
14464:
14459:
14453:
14451:
14450:Sign languages
14447:
14446:
14444:
14443:
14438:
14433:
14428:
14423:
14418:
14413:
14403:
14398:
14393:
14387:
14385:
14381:
14380:
14378:
14377:
14372:
14367:
14362:
14347:
14345:
14341:
14340:
14338:
14337:
14331:
14329:
14325:
14324:
14310:
14309:
14302:
14295:
14287:
14278:
14277:
14275:
14274:
14269:
14264:
14259:
14254:
14249:
14244:
14239:
14234:
14229:
14224:
14219:
14214:
14209:
14204:
14198:
14196:
14192:
14191:
14189:
14188:
14182:
14180:
14179:Sign languages
14176:
14175:
14173:
14172:
14167:
14162:
14161:
14160:
14153:
14141:
14135:
14133:
14127:
14126:
14124:
14123:
14122:
14121:
14116:
14111:
14101:
14100:
14099:
14089:
14088:
14087:
14077:
14072:
14067:
14062:
14052:
14046:
14044:
14040:
14039:
14037:
14036:
14030:
14028:
14024:
14023:
14016:
14015:
14008:
14001:
13993:
13984:
13983:
13981:
13980:
13974:
13972:
13971:Sign languages
13968:
13967:
13965:
13964:
13959:
13954:
13949:
13944:
13939:
13934:
13929:
13924:
13919:
13914:
13909:
13904:
13899:
13894:
13889:
13884:
13879:
13874:
13869:
13863:
13861:
13855:
13854:
13852:
13851:
13845:
13843:
13839:
13838:
13831:
13830:
13823:
13816:
13808:
13799:
13798:
13796:
13795:
13790:
13784:
13782:
13781:Sign languages
13778:
13777:
13775:
13774:
13769:
13764:
13759:
13754:
13748:
13746:
13742:
13741:
13739:
13738:
13737:
13736:
13724:
13719:
13718:
13717:
13706:
13704:
13700:
13699:
13697:
13696:
13695:
13694:
13687:
13674:
13673:
13672:
13655:
13653:
13649:
13648:
13634:
13633:
13626:
13619:
13611:
13602:
13601:
13599:
13598:
13593:
13592:
13591:
13586:
13576:
13571:
13566:
13561:
13556:
13550:
13548:
13544:
13543:
13541:
13540:
13534:
13532:
13531:Sign languages
13528:
13527:
13525:
13524:
13519:
13514:
13509:
13504:
13499:
13494:
13488:
13486:
13482:
13481:
13479:
13478:
13472:
13470:
13466:
13465:
13451:
13450:
13443:
13436:
13428:
13419:
13418:
13416:
13415:
13410:
13405:
13399:
13397:
13396:Sign languages
13393:
13392:
13390:
13389:
13384:
13379:
13373:
13371:
13367:
13366:
13364:
13363:
13358:
13353:
13347:
13345:
13341:
13340:
13338:
13337:
13331:
13329:
13325:
13324:
13322:
13321:
13316:
13310:
13308:
13304:
13303:
13289:
13288:
13281:
13274:
13266:
13257:
13256:
13254:
13253:
13247:
13245:
13244:Sign languages
13241:
13240:
13238:
13237:
13231:
13229:
13223:
13222:
13220:
13219:
13214:
13209:
13204:
13199:
13193:
13191:
13187:
13186:
13184:
13183:
13177:
13175:
13171:
13170:
13163:
13162:
13155:
13148:
13140:
13134:
13131:
13130:
13118:
13117:
13115:
13114:
13102:
13087:
13084:
13083:
13081:
13080:
13075:
13069:
13067:
13063:
13062:
13055:
13053:
13051:
13050:
13049:
13048:
13038:
13033:
13028:
13023:
13017:
13015:
13011:
13010:
13003:
13002:
12995:
12988:
12980:
12973:
12972:
12955:
12938:
12921:
12919:from Wikibooks
12904:
12887:
12885:from Wikiquote
12870:
12853:
12836:
12807:
12805:
12804:
12799:
12789:
12780:
12769:
12768:External links
12766:
12765:
12764:
12761:
12755:
12738:
12717:
12711:
12692:
12689:
12688:
12687:
12662:
12645:(in Turkish).
12635:
12612:
12589:
12574:
12538:
12537:
12504:
12498:
12485:
12479:
12466:
12458:
12447:
12444:
12441:
12440:
12421:
12401:
12394:
12372:
12346:(in Turkish).
12327:
12320:
12302:
12284:(in Turkish).
12273:
12248:
12223:
12192:
12174:
12139:
12116:
12095:(in Turkish).
12075:
12050:
12018:
12011:
11993:
11974:
11967:
11946:
11939:
11918:
11888:
11881:
11863:
11856:
11826:
11808:
11784:
11758:
11755:(24): 141–150.
11739:
11732:
11714:
11685:
11667:(in Turkish).
11656:
11649:
11600:
11597:on 2018-09-08.
11543:
11522:
11488:
11469:
11454:
11427:
11399:
11370:(in Turkish).
11351:
11344:
11315:
11282:
11253:
11238:
11207:
11178:
11146:
11117:
11085:
11046:
11040:2013-04-12 at
11027:
10999:
10970:
10955:
10925:
10899:
10881:
10875:. p. 94.
10857:
10825:
10818:
10797:
10773:
10755:
10748:
10726:
10719:
10701:
10676:
10661:
10649:
10637:
10607:
10598:
10589:
10586:on 2017-07-01.
10571:
10564:
10543:
10536:
10516:
10510:
10488:
10467:
10438:
10424:
10399:
10377:
10359:Johanson, Lars
10343:
10313:
10307:
10289:
10267:
10247:
10241:
10235:, p. 51,
10219:
10213:
10191:
10184:
10162:
10143:
10112:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10103:
10102:
10093:
10078:
10061:
10049:Maureen Freely
10026:
10016:For the terms
10009:
10000:
9981:
9968:
9955:
9939:
9930:
9921:
9912:
9895:
9878:
9869:
9860:
9850:For the terms
9843:
9826:
9793:
9784:
9775:
9766:
9750:
9721:
9699:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9692:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9655:
9654:
9638:
9635:
9618:
9615:
9612:
9611:
9608:
9603:
9595:
9594:
9591:
9586:
9578:
9577:
9574:
9569:
9561:
9560:
9557:
9552:
9544:
9543:
9539:
9538:
9535:
9530:
9522:
9521:
9518:
9513:
9505:
9504:
9501:
9496:
9488:
9487:
9484:
9479:
9471:
9470:
9466:
9465:
9462:
9457:
9449:
9448:
9445:
9440:
9432:
9431:
9428:
9423:
9415:
9414:
9411:
9406:
9398:
9397:
9393:
9392:
9389:
9384:
9376:
9375:
9372:
9367:
9359:
9358:
9355:
9350:
9342:
9341:
9338:
9333:
9325:
9324:
9320:
9319:
9316:
9311:
9303:
9302:
9299:
9294:
9286:
9285:
9282:
9277:
9269:
9268:
9265:
9260:
9252:
9251:
9248:
9243:
9218:
9215:
9212:
9211:
9208:
9203:
9195:
9194:
9191:
9186:
9178:
9177:
9174:
9169:
9161:
9160:
9157:
9152:
9144:
9143:
9141:
9136:
9126:
9125:
9122:
9121:Pronunciation
9119:
9110:
9109:
9100:and lowercase
8950:L'Illustration
8920:
8919:Writing system
8917:
8914:
8913:
8905:
8895:
8892:
8886:
8885:
8878:
8868:
8865:
8859:
8858:
8851:
8841:
8838:
8832:
8831:
8828:
8825:
8822:
8801:
8800:
8797:
8787:
8784:
8778:
8777:
8774:
8769:("prime") and
8764:
8761:
8755:
8754:
8751:
8750:("to pierce")
8741:
8738:
8732:
8731:
8728:
8718:
8715:
8709:
8708:
8705:
8695:
8692:
8686:
8685:
8682:
8679:
8676:
8631:
8630:
8627:
8624:
8619:
8613:
8612:
8609:
8606:
8601:
8595:
8594:
8591:
8588:
8583:
8577:
8576:
8573:
8570:
8565:
8559:
8558:
8555:
8552:
8547:
8541:
8540:
8537:
8534:
8529:
8523:
8522:
8519:
8516:
8511:
8505:
8504:
8501:
8498:
8493:
8487:
8486:
8483:
8480:
8475:
8469:
8468:
8465:
8462:
8457:
8451:
8450:
8447:
8444:
8441:
8430:
8429:
8426:
8423:
8418:
8412:
8411:
8408:
8405:
8400:
8394:
8393:
8390:
8387:
8382:
8376:
8375:
8372:
8369:
8364:
8358:
8357:
8354:
8351:
8346:
8340:
8339:
8336:
8333:
8328:
8322:
8321:
8318:
8315:
8310:
8304:
8303:
8300:
8297:
8292:
8286:
8285:
8282:
8279:
8274:
8268:
8267:
8264:
8261:
8258:
8241:form new words
8232:
8231:Word formation
8229:
8213:Main article:
8210:
8207:
8204:
8203:
8185:
8177:
8174:understood-his
8169:
8158:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8149:
8148:
8130:
8122:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8094:
8086:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8077:
8076:
8058:
8050:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8040:
8039:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8003:
8002:
7984:
7976:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7940:
7932:
7929:pictures-is-to
7924:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7896:
7888:
7880:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7860:
7859:
7841:
7833:
7825:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7807:
7806:
7788:
7780:
7772:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7762:
7761:
7758:
7754:
7753:
7750:
7645:
7642:
7582:
7581:
7578:
7575:
7572:
7565:
7561:
7560:
7557:
7554:gitmeliymişsin
7550:
7543:
7536:
7532:
7531:
7528:
7521:
7514:
7507:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7492:
7485:
7478:
7477:if only you go
7474:
7473:
7466:
7459:
7452:
7445:
7441:
7440:
7433:
7426:
7419:
7412:
7408:
7407:
7400:
7393:
7386:
7379:
7375:
7374:
7367:
7360:
7353:
7346:
7342:
7341:
7334:
7331:
7324:
7317:
7313:
7312:
7303:
7294:
7285:
7282:
7222:
7219:
7216:
7215:
7212:
7204:
7203:
7200:
7192:
7191:
7188:
7180:
7179:
7172:
7164:
7163:
7160:
7152:
7151:
7148:
7140:
7139:
7136:
7128:
7127:
7124:
7116:
7115:
7112:
7104:
7103:
7102:not (to) come
7100:
7092:
7091:
7088:
7080:
7079:
7076:
7068:
7067:
7064:
6982:Turkish copula
6977:
6974:
6858:
6855:
6830:
6829:
6822:
6814:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6802:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6773:
6772:
6769:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6745:
6742:
6741:
6738:
6730:
6728:
6720:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6712:
6703:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6685:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6651:
6643:
6641:
6633:
6632:
6628:the consonant
6626:
6618:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6606:
6598:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6586:
6578:
6576:
6567:
6566:
6560:
6552:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6540:
6532:
6530:
6521:
6520:
6517:
6509:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6497:
6489:
6487:
6478:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6455:
6454:
6437:
6411:
6406:Noun phrases (
6404:
6283:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6273:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6253:
6252:
6249:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6229:
6228:
6225:
6222:evlerinizdendi
6217:
6216:
6213:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6193:
6192:
6189:
6181:
6180:
6177:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6145:
6144:
6141:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6072:: for example
5970:
5969:
5966:
5959:
5952:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5934:
5923:
5916:
5908:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5887:
5880:
5872:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5851:
5844:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5778:
5771:
5764:
5758:
5757:
5754:
5747:
5740:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5722:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5703:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5619:(empress) and
5597:
5578:
5565:kadın kahraman
5539:
5508:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5393:Word formation
5383:Turkish is an
5377:Main article:
5374:
5371:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5348:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5331:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5308:Güzelmiş bu ev
5304:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5290:Bu ev güzelmiş
5286:
5283:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:Sentence type
5260:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5232:
5224:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5181:
5173:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5136:
5125:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5093:
5090:
5077:
5074:
5045:
5042:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5003:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4928:Sentence type
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4784:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4764:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4716:Enclitic words
4710:
4709:
4706:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4632:while writing
4630:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4613:with pleasure
4611:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4552:
4529:
4491:
4437:
4352:
4345:(< Italian
4317:(< Italian
4304:
4279:(doll, baby),
4200:
4197:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4159:
4157:
4112:
4111:
4093:
4082:
4065:
4064:
4052:
4049:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4021:
4018:
4009:
4003:
4002:
3990:
3987:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3959:
3956:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3928:
3925:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3897:
3894:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3866:
3863:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3836:
3833:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3816:"profession."
3806:
3803:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3726:
3672:
3642:
3617:"to believe",
3559:
3556:
3516:
3515:
3481:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3346:
3334:
3322:
3310:
3298:
3286:
3274:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3224:
3221:
3198:front and back
3153:
3150:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2903:Main article:
2900:
2897:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2700:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2557:
2547:
2542:
2533:
2530:
2518:Main article:
2515:
2512:
2417:. The nomadic
2312:Ömer Seyfettin
2288:Main article:
2285:
2282:
2242:European Union
2179:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2101:Western Thrace
2093:Ottoman Empire
2081:Turkish people
2067:
2061:
2048:
2045:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2020:
2011:
1994:
1993:
1978:
1975:
1966:
1949:
1948:
1937:
1934:
1925:
1908:
1907:
1896:
1893:
1884:
1867:
1866:
1848:
1845:
1836:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1645:Historiography
1641:
1636:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1575:Westernization
1572:
1570:Women's rights
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1460:a series about
1456:
1454:
1426:Main article:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1393:Karnım ağrıdı.
1390:
1388:Karnım ağrıdı.
1385:
1379:
1378:
1371:Will you wear
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1319:Kancarıdaydın?
1316:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1286:
1273:
1268:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1092:Ottoman Empire
1046:Main article:
1032:
1029:
896:Turkish people
891:
888:
781:Main article:
778:
777:Classification
775:
745:and extensive
716:Ottoman Empire
707:in the world.
689:South Caucasus
613:
612:
599:, you may see
585:
584:
577:
571:
565:
564:
556:
555:
549:
543:
542:
535:
527:
526:
519:
511:
510:
501:
493:
492:
483:
475:
474:
473:Language codes
470:
469:
464:
458:
457:
428:
426:
421:
418:
417:
404:
401:
398:
397:
393:
392:
378:
374:Writing system
371:
368:
367:
366:
365:
363:Syrian Turkish
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
333:
329:
328:
326:
325:
321:
319:
317:Standard forms
316:
313:
312:
310:
309:
300:
298:
295:
292:
291:
289:
288:
287:
286:
285:
284:
283:
282:
258:
256:
249:
246:
245:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
215:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
183:
181:
177:
176:
174:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
112:
106:
99:
97:
96:Native to
93:
92:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
17511:
17500:
17497:
17495:
17492:
17490:
17487:
17485:
17482:
17480:
17477:
17475:
17472:
17470:
17467:
17465:
17462:
17460:
17457:
17455:
17452:
17450:
17447:
17445:
17442:
17440:
17437:
17436:
17434:
17413:
17412:
17403:
17401:
17400:
17391:
17389:
17388:
17379:
17377:
17376:
17367:
17365:
17364:
17359:
17355:
17354:
17351:
17341:
17338:
17336:
17333:
17331:
17328:
17326:
17323:
17321:
17318:
17314:
17311:
17310:
17309:
17306:
17304:
17301:
17299:
17296:
17294:
17291:
17289:
17286:
17284:
17281:
17277:
17274:
17272:
17269:
17267:
17264:
17263:
17262:
17259:
17257:
17254:
17252:
17249:
17247:
17244:
17242:
17239:
17237:
17234:
17232:
17229:
17227:
17224:
17220:
17217:
17216:
17215:
17212:
17210:
17207:
17205:
17202:
17200:
17197:
17193:
17190:
17188:
17185:
17184:
17183:
17180:
17178:
17175:
17174:
17172:
17170:
17166:
17160:
17157:
17155:
17152:
17150:
17147:
17143:
17140:
17138:
17135:
17133:
17130:
17129:
17128:
17125:
17123:
17120:
17116:
17113:
17112:
17111:
17108:
17106:
17103:
17099:
17096:
17095:
17094:
17091:
17090:
17088:
17084:
17078:
17075:
17073:
17070:
17066:
17063:
17061:
17058:
17056:
17053:
17052:
17051:
17048:
17044:
17041:
17040:
17039:
17036:
17032:
17029:
17028:
17027:
17024:
17022:
17019:
17017:
17014:
17012:
17009:
17008:
17006:
17004:
17000:
16992:
16989:
16987:
16984:
16982:
16979:
16978:
16977:
16974:
16972:
16969:
16967:
16964:
16962:
16959:
16957:
16954:
16950:
16947:
16945:
16942:
16940:
16937:
16935:
16932:
16931:
16930:
16927:
16925:
16922:
16920:
16917:
16915:
16912:
16910:
16907:
16905:
16902:
16901:
16899:
16897:
16893:
16881:
16878:
16876:
16873:
16871:
16868:
16867:
16866:
16863:
16861:
16858:
16854:
16851:
16849:
16846:
16845:
16844:
16841:
16839:
16836:
16834:
16831:
16829:
16826:
16825:
16823:
16819:
16813:
16810:
16808:
16805:
16803:
16800:
16796:
16793:
16791:
16788:
16787:
16786:
16783:
16782:
16780:
16778:
16774:
16766:
16763:
16761:
16758:
16756:
16753:
16751:
16748:
16747:
16746:
16743:
16739:
16736:
16735:
16734:
16731:
16729:
16726:
16725:
16723:
16719:
16716:
16714:
16710:
16700:
16697:
16695:
16692:
16690:
16687:
16685:
16682:
16680:
16677:
16675:
16672:
16670:
16667:
16665:
16662:
16660:
16657:
16653:
16650:
16648:
16647:Air pollution
16645:
16644:
16643:
16640:
16636:
16633:
16631:
16628:
16627:
16626:
16623:
16619:
16616:
16615:
16614:
16611:
16610:
16608:
16604:
16598:
16595:
16593:
16590:
16588:
16585:
16583:
16580:
16578:
16575:
16573:
16572:Aegean Region
16570:
16568:
16565:
16564:
16562:
16556:
16552:
16549:
16547:
16543:
16533:
16530:
16528:
16525:
16523:
16520:
16518:
16517:Turkification
16515:
16511:
16508:
16507:
16506:
16503:
16502:
16500:
16496:
16490:
16487:
16483:
16480:
16479:
16478:
16475:
16473:
16470:
16469:
16467:
16463:
16457:
16454:
16452:
16449:
16445:
16442:
16440:
16437:
16436:
16435:
16432:
16430:
16427:
16425:
16422:
16421:
16419:
16417:
16413:
16405:
16402:
16401:
16400:
16397:
16393:
16390:
16388:
16385:
16383:
16380:
16379:
16378:
16375:
16371:
16368:
16367:
16366:
16363:
16361:
16358:
16354:
16351:
16350:
16349:
16348:Classical Age
16346:
16344:
16341:
16340:
16338:
16336:
16332:
16326:
16323:
16321:
16318:
16314:
16311:
16310:
16309:
16308:Seljuk Empire
16306:
16305:
16303:
16301:
16297:
16293:
16287:
16284:
16282:
16279:
16277:
16274:
16273:
16271:
16267:
16264:
16262:
16258:
16254:
16249:
16240:
16235:
16233:
16228:
16226:
16221:
16220:
16217:
16205:
16202:
16200:
16197:
16195:
16192:
16190:
16187:
16184:
16183:
16178:
16174:
16172:
16168:
16165:
16164:
16160:
16154:
16153:
16149:
16145:
16142:
16140:
16137:
16136:
16135:
16132:
16130:
16127:
16125:
16122:
16121:
16119:
16115:
16105:
16102:
16100:
16097:
16095:
16092:
16091:
16089:
16087:
16083:
16077:
16074:
16072:
16069:
16067:
16064:
16062:
16059:
16058:
16056:
16054:
16050:
16047:
16045:
16041:
16031:
16028:
16026:
16023:
16019:
16016:
16014:
16011:
16010:
16009:
16006:
16005:
16003:
15999:
15993:
15990:
15988:
15985:
15984:
15982:
15980:
15976:
15968:
15965:
15964:
15963:
15960:
15956:
15955:
15951:
15950:
15949:
15946:
15944:
15941:
15939:
15936:
15932:
15929:
15928:
15927:
15924:
15923:
15921:
15919:
15915:
15912:
15910:
15904:
15899:
15885:
15884:
15880:
15876:
15873:
15871:
15868:
15867:
15866:
15863:
15859:
15856:
15854:
15851:
15850:
15849:
15846:
15845:
15843:
15839:
15835:
15825:
15822:
15820:
15817:
15816:
15814:
15810:
15804:
15800:
15797:
15795:
15791:
15787:
15784:
15783:
15781:
15778:
15774:
15766:
15763:
15759:
15756:
15755:
15754:
15751:
15749:
15748:
15744:
15743:
15742:
15739:
15737:
15734:
15733:
15731:
15729:
15725:
15715:
15712:
15710:
15707:
15706:
15704:
15698:
15695:
15694:
15693:
15690:
15688:
15685:
15684:
15682:
15676:
15675:
15671:
15670:
15669:
15666:
15664:
15661:
15659:
15656:
15654:
15651:
15650:
15648:
15647:
15645:
15643:
15640:
15639:
15637:
15635:
15631:
15625:
15622:
15620:
15617:
15615:
15612:
15610:
15607:
15603:
15600:
15599:
15598:
15595:
15593:
15590:
15589:
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15299:
15298:
15294:
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15280:
15262:
15261:
15260:Orkhon Turkic
15257:
15255:
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15249:
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15239:
15233:
15232:Western Yugur
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15045:Balkan Gagauz
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14789:Crimean Tatar
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14587:Common Turkic
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13584:Balkan Romani
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13351:Cypriot Greek
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12868:from Wikinews
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12756:975-509-053-3
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12708:
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12700:
12695:
12694:
12678:on 2013-03-13
12674:
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12652:
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12642:
12636:
12626:on 2007-03-16
12625:
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12603:on 2007-10-11
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12336:Dilaçar, Agop
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12321:0-415-11494-2
12317:
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12306:
12292:on 2007-03-12
12291:
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12263:on 2022-12-06
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12213:on 2013-03-13
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12065:on 2011-10-06
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11936:
11933:. Routledge.
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11896:Husby, Olaf.
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11695:
11689:
11675:on 2012-07-28
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11650:0-19-870036-9
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11547:
11533:on 2018-07-25
11529:
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11523:0-521-65236-7
11519:
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11451:on 2007-07-14
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11042:archive.today
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10959:
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10929:
10915:on 2007-09-28
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10907:Bedi Yazıcı.
10903:
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10765:
10764:Glenny, Misha
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9964:un m'as-tu-vu
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9292:
9288:
9287:
9283:
9278:
9275:
9271:
9270:
9266:
9261:
9258:
9254:
9253:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9241:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9231:
9227:
9223:
9209:
9204:
9201:
9197:
9196:
9192:
9187:
9184:
9180:
9179:
9175:
9170:
9167:
9163:
9162:
9158:
9153:
9150:
9146:
9145:
9142:
9137:
9134:
9133:
9128:
9127:
9123:
9120:
9117:
9116:
9113:
9107:
9103:
9099:
9095:
9091:
9087:
9084:
9083:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9065:
9061:
9025:
9021:
9016:
9014:
9010:
9005:
9002:
8998:
8993:
8991:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8975:
8971:
8967:
8963:
8959:
8951:
8947:
8943:
8939:
8935:
8930:
8926:
8911:
8910:
8906:
8903:
8899:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8887:
8884:
8883:
8879:
8876:
8872:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8860:
8857:
8856:
8852:
8849:
8845:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8833:
8829:
8826:
8823:
8820:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8813:vowel harmony
8809:
8799:fore-judging
8798:
8795:
8791:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8779:
8775:
8772:
8768:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8756:
8752:
8749:
8745:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8733:
8729:
8727:("to count")
8726:
8722:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8710:
8707:after Sunday
8706:
8703:
8699:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8687:
8683:
8680:
8677:
8674:
8673:
8670:
8667:
8661:
8655:
8649:
8643:
8638:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8596:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8578:
8575:Verb (order)
8574:
8571:
8569:
8568:yat- + -(ı)r-
8566:
8564:
8561:
8560:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8542:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8524:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8506:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8488:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8470:
8467:Verb (order)
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8452:
8448:
8445:
8442:
8439:
8438:
8435:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8413:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8395:
8392:Verb (order)
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8377:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8359:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8341:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8323:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8305:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8287:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8265:
8262:
8259:
8256:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8244:
8242:
8238:
8237:agglutination
8228:
8226:
8222:
8216:
8201:
8198:
8195:
8191:
8188:
8183:
8180:
8175:
8172:
8167:
8161:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8150:
8146:
8143:
8140:
8136:
8133:
8128:
8125:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8114:
8110:
8107:
8104:
8100:
8097:
8092:
8089:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8078:
8074:
8071:
8068:
8064:
8061:
8056:
8053:
8048:
8045:
8042:
8041:
8037:
8034:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8004:
8000:
7997:
7994:
7990:
7987:
7982:
7979:
7974:
7971:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7960:
7956:
7953:
7950:
7946:
7943:
7938:
7935:
7930:
7927:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7916:
7912:
7909:
7906:
7902:
7899:
7894:
7891:
7886:
7883:
7878:
7872:
7867:
7865:whose (acc.)
7864:
7862:
7861:
7857:
7854:
7851:
7847:
7844:
7839:
7836:
7831:
7828:
7823:
7820:
7815:
7813:whose (nom.)
7812:
7809:
7808:
7804:
7801:
7798:
7794:
7791:
7786:
7783:
7778:
7775:
7770:
7767:
7764:
7763:
7759:
7756:
7755:
7747:
7744:
7741:
7737:
7736:
7730:
7726:
7725:
7719:
7714:
7708:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7688:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7666:
7660:
7655:
7651:
7641:
7638:
7632:
7626:
7620:
7614:
7608:
7602:
7596:
7590:
7579:
7576:
7573:
7570:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7558:
7555:
7551:
7548:
7544:
7541:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7529:
7526:
7522:
7519:
7515:
7512:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7500:
7497:
7493:
7490:
7486:
7483:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7471:
7467:
7464:
7463:gidecekmişsin
7460:
7457:
7453:
7450:
7446:
7443:
7442:
7438:
7434:
7431:
7427:
7424:
7420:
7417:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7405:
7401:
7398:
7397:gidiyormuşsun
7394:
7391:
7387:
7384:
7380:
7378:you are going
7377:
7376:
7372:
7368:
7365:
7361:
7358:
7354:
7351:
7347:
7345:you have gone
7344:
7343:
7339:
7335:
7332:
7329:
7325:
7322:
7318:
7315:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7300:
7295:
7291:
7286:
7283:
7280:
7279:
7276:
7273:
7269:("go"), stem
7267:
7261:
7255:
7249:
7244:
7240:
7235:
7234:miş'li geçmiş
7229:
7210:
7206:
7205:
7198:
7197:gelebilseydin
7194:
7193:
7186:
7182:
7181:
7177:
7170:
7166:
7165:
7158:
7154:
7153:
7146:
7142:
7141:
7134:
7130:
7129:
7122:
7118:
7117:
7110:
7106:
7105:
7098:
7094:
7093:
7086:
7082:
7081:
7074:
7070:
7069:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7037:
7033:
7029:
7028:necessitative
7025:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6983:
6973:
6971:
6968:non-existent-
6967:
6963:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6909:
6905:
6900:
6896:
6892:
6887:
6881:
6875:
6869:
6864:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6845:(iron gate),
6844:
6840:
6835:
6827:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6807:
6803:
6800:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6791:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6775:
6774:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6762:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6731:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6722:
6721:
6717:
6715:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6704:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6669:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6656:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6635:
6634:
6631:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6588:Orhan's name
6587:
6585:
6584:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6568:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6558:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6528:
6523:
6522:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6498:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6480:
6479:
6475:
6472:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6459:
6451:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6434:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6409:
6403:
6400:
6394:
6388:
6386:
6378:
6372:
6366:
6360:
6356:use the root
6354:
6348:
6342:
6336:
6330:
6324:
6318:
6312:
6306:
6300:
6294:
6289:
6271:
6267:
6266:
6259:
6255:
6254:
6247:
6243:
6242:
6235:
6231:
6230:
6223:
6219:
6218:
6211:
6207:
6206:
6199:
6195:
6194:
6187:
6183:
6182:
6175:
6171:
6170:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6151:
6147:
6146:
6143:(the) houses
6139:
6135:
6134:
6127:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6108:
6102:
6096:
6091:
6090:interrogative
6086:
6082:(for example
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6046:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6028:
6024:
6019:
6013:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5888:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5814:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5779:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5752:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5700:
5697:
5694:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5642:
5640:
5634:
5632:
5626:
5624:
5618:
5616:
5610:
5608:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5560:
5558:
5552:
5550:
5544:
5540:
5538:(female cat).
5537:
5535:
5529:
5527:
5521:
5519:
5513:
5512:other animals
5509:
5506:
5504:
5498:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5480:
5474:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5435:
5434:İmlâ Kılavuzu
5431:
5427:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5414:
5409:
5405:
5403:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5380:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5259:Postpredicate
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5230:
5227:
5222:
5216:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5179:
5176:
5171:
5168:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5123:
5120:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5073:
5070:
5064:
5058:
5052:
5041:
5038:
5032:
5026:
5020:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4914:
4910:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4769:arkadaşím idi
4765:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4747:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4586:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4551:(small house)
4550:
4548:
4543:(very tiny),
4542:
4540:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4511:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4465:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4344:
4342:
4330:
4328:
4321:
4316:
4314:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4286:
4284:
4278:
4276:
4270:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4246:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4196:
4192:
4176:
4167:
4163:
4160:This section
4158:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4106:
4103:by consonant
4102:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4088:(< French
4087:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4062:
4059:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4032:"my mother."
4031:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3775:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3755:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3701:(< French
3700:
3698:
3692:
3684:
3682:
3676:
3675:Foreign words
3673:
3670:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3492:genitive case
3489:
3487:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3466:locative case
3463:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3245:
3234:
3230:
3229:Vowel harmony
3223:Vowel harmony
3220:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3158:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:'happy', and
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3057:color (loan)
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2948:Dative case /
2947:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2893:minimal pairs
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2527:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2503:Kαραμανλήδικα
2499:
2495:
2492:is spoken in
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2164:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2059:
2054:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2007:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1990:Middle Turkic
1987:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1821:
1820:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:script reform
1708:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:Turkification
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:Republicanism
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:Personal life
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1469:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1414:
1412:
1411:Şehirli oldu.
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1125:
1123:
1122:Evliya Çelebi
1119:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1028:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
989:Mediterranean
986:
982:
978:
967:
962:
960:
957:
953:
949:
945:
944:Orkhon Valley
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
913:
912:
906:
901:
897:
887:
885:
884:vowel harmony
881:
880:agglutination
877:
873:
869:
865:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
791:group of the
790:
784:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:agglutination
744:
743:vowel harmony
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
643:
635:
629:
624:
619:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
592:
586:
562:
557:
554:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
534:
533:
528:
524:
520:
517:
512:
507:
502:
499:
494:
489:
484:
481:
476:
471:
468:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
419:
416:
412:
408:
405:
399:
394:
391:
386:
382:
379:
375:
369:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
343:Iraqi Turkmen
341:
339:
336:
335:
334:
330:
323:
322:
320:
314:
308:
305:
304:
303:
299:
293:
281:
278:
277:
276:
273:
272:
271:
268:
267:
266:
265:Common Turkic
263:
262:
261:
257:
253:
247:
241:
236:
233:
229:
226:
223:
219:
213:
212:Transcaucasia
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
182:
178:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
98:
94:
90:
85:
77:
71:
66:
62:
60:Pronunciation
58:
54:
49:
44:
37:
32:
27:
22:
17409:
17397:
17385:
17373:
17361:
17246:Illumination
17182:Architecture
17110:Human rights
17098:Universities
17030:
17016:Ethnic Kurds
17003:Demographics
16914:Construction
16166:
16150:
16124:Kalmyk Oirat
16098:
16030:Pontic Greek
15952:
15881:
15745:
15672:
15473:Old Georgian
15471:
15450:(Kartvelian)
15437:
15368:
15321:
15314:
15296:
15259:
15252:
15241:
15072:
15065:
15059:
15036:
14923:Tobol-Irtysh
14844:
14821:
14794:
14782:
14762:
14757:Mishar Tatar
14711:
14704:
14697:
14688:
14604:
14576:Proto-Turkic
14575:
14514:
14495:
14334:
14165:Mesopotamian
14091:
13951:
13731:
13726:
13689:
13681:
13666:
13595:
13512:Romano-Greek
13318:
13211:
13109:
13090:
13006:
12970:of Knowledge
12965:
12948:
12931:
12914:
12897:
12880:
12863:
12851:from Commons
12846:
12829:
12808:
12746:
12742:
12725:
12721:
12702:
12698:
12680:. Retrieved
12673:the original
12655:. Retrieved
12651:the original
12640:
12628:. Retrieved
12624:the original
12605:. Retrieved
12601:the original
12582:. Retrieved
12567:. Retrieved
12560:the original
12540:
12539:
12530:. Retrieved
12523:the original
12489:
12470:
12461:
12453:
12431:. Retrieved
12411:
12404:
12383:
12375:
12364:. Retrieved
12347:
12343:
12330:
12311:
12305:
12294:. Retrieved
12290:the original
12276:
12265:. Retrieved
12261:the original
12251:
12240:. Retrieved
12226:
12215:. Retrieved
12208:the original
12195:
12177:
12152:
12148:
12142:
12131:. Retrieved
12126:
12119:
12108:. Retrieved
12099:(1): 27–54.
12096:
12092:
12078:
12067:. Retrieved
12063:the original
12053:
12042:. Retrieved
12021:
12002:
11996:
11987:
11983:
11977:
11958:
11930:
11910:. Retrieved
11901:
11891:
11872:
11866:
11845:
11820:
11802:
11778:
11752:
11748:
11742:
11723:
11717:
11706:. Retrieved
11697:
11688:
11677:. Retrieved
11673:the original
11659:
11640:
11592:the original
11563:
11559:
11546:
11535:. Retrieved
11528:the original
11513:
11482:
11478:
11472:
11463:
11457:
11446:the original
11437:
11430:
11419:. Retrieved
11409:
11402:
11391:. Retrieved
11384:the original
11371:
11367:
11354:
11331:
11327:
11318:
11308:, retrieved
11301:the original
11292:
11285:
11274:. Retrieved
11265:
11256:
11247:
11241:
11230:, retrieved
11219:
11210:
11199:. Retrieved
11195:the original
11181:
11169:. Retrieved
11158:
11149:
11138:. Retrieved
11129:
11120:
11109:. Retrieved
11098:
11088:
11077:. Retrieved
11049:
11030:
11013:
10991:. Retrieved
10982:
10973:
10964:
10958:
10946:. Retrieved
10942:the original
10937:
10928:
10917:. Retrieved
10913:the original
10902:
10891:. Retrieved
10867:
10860:
10849:. Retrieved
10845:the original
10809:
10788:. Retrieved
10782:
10776:
10767:
10758:
10737:
10729:
10710:
10704:
10693:. Retrieved
10679:
10670:
10664:
10642:, retrieved
10620:
10610:
10601:
10592:
10584:the original
10574:
10555:
10526:
10519:
10497:
10491:
10483:
10470:
10461:
10455:. Retrieved
10441:
10427:
10416:. Retrieved
10402:
10393:
10387:, retrieved
10363:
10337:
10334:the original
10329:
10298:
10292:
10283:
10277:. Retrieved
10257:
10250:
10228:
10222:
10200:
10194:
10171:
10165:
10156:
10152:
10146:
10129:
10096:
10081:
10073:
10069:
10064:
10056:
10052:
10042:
10038:
10029:
10021:
10017:
10012:
10003:
9995:
9989:
9984:
9976:
9971:
9963:
9958:
9949:
9947:
9942:
9933:
9924:
9915:
9903:
9898:
9890:
9886:
9881:
9872:
9863:
9855:
9851:
9846:
9829:
9821:
9817:
9813:
9809:
9805:
9801:
9796:
9787:
9778:
9769:
9753:
9724:
9717:Tuz Khurmatu
9703:
9664:Turkish name
9628:
9250:Translation
9242:Orthography
9221:
9220:
9111:
9105:
9101:
9097:
9093:
9092:(Capital of
9089:
9085:
9080:
9017:
9012:
9009:Frang Bardhi
9006:
8994:
8990:eight vowels
8985:
8981:
8977:
8962:Latin script
8955:
8949:
8908:
8907:
8901:
8897:
8889:
8881:
8880:
8874:
8873:(table) and
8870:
8862:
8854:
8853:
8847:
8843:
8835:
8804:
8793:
8789:
8781:
8770:
8766:
8758:
8753:sky piercer
8747:
8746:("sky") and
8743:
8735:
8724:
8720:
8712:
8701:
8697:
8689:
8634:
8621:
8616:
8603:
8598:
8585:
8580:
8567:
8562:
8549:
8544:
8531:
8526:
8513:
8508:
8496:yat- + -(ı)k
8495:
8490:
8482:to lie down
8477:
8472:
8459:
8454:
8433:
8420:
8415:
8402:
8397:
8384:
8379:
8366:
8361:
8353:observation
8348:
8343:
8330:
8325:
8312:
8307:
8294:
8289:
8276:
8271:
8245:
8234:
8224:
8220:
8218:
8199:
8196:
8193:
8189:
8186:
8181:
8178:
8173:
8170:
8162:
8160:yaklaştığını
8159:
8144:
8141:
8138:
8134:
8131:
8126:
8123:
8108:
8105:
8102:
8098:
8095:
8090:
8087:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8062:
8059:
8054:
8051:
8046:whom, which
8035:
8032:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
7998:
7995:
7992:
7988:
7985:
7980:
7977:
7972:
7969:
7954:
7951:
7948:
7944:
7941:
7936:
7933:
7928:
7925:
7910:
7907:
7904:
7900:
7897:
7892:
7889:
7884:
7881:
7873:
7870:
7855:
7852:
7849:
7845:
7842:
7837:
7834:
7829:
7826:
7821:
7818:
7802:
7799:
7796:
7792:
7789:
7784:
7781:
7776:
7773:
7739:
7738:means "what
7734:
7732:
7728:
7727:means "what
7723:
7721:
7712:
7706:
7699:
7692:
7686:
7680:
7670:
7664:
7658:
7647:
7585:
7496:gitseymişsin
7364:gitmişmişsin
7284:Basic tense
7275:, is shown.
7228:di'li geçmiş
7224:
7175:
7157:gelebilirsen
7145:gelmeyebilir
7054:
7039:
6985:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6939:
6935:
6925:
6921:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6894:
6891:non-existent
6860:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6818:
6816:
6811:
6798:
6778:
6777:Bulgaristan'
6776:
6765:
6763:
6747:
6734:
6732:
6724:
6723:
6708:
6706:
6694:
6681:
6679:
6663:
6654:
6647:
6645:
6637:
6636:
6629:
6622:
6620:
6615:
6602:
6600:
6595:
6582:
6580:
6572:
6570:
6556:
6554:
6549:
6536:
6534:
6526:
6524:
6513:
6511:
6506:
6493:
6491:
6483:
6481:
6456:
6444:
6440:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6413:
6407:
6384:
6338:(1pl gen.);
6286:The Turkish
6285:
6246:Evinizdeyim.
6210:evlerinizden
6191:at my house
6131:(the) house
6067:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6037:
6033:
6023:assimilation
6014:
5991:
5987:ağacı gördük
5981:
5973:
5942:Instrumental
5928:
5892:
5856:
5818:
5783:
5652:There is no
5651:
5636:
5628:
5620:
5615:imparatoriçe
5612:
5604:
5589:
5570:
5562:
5554:
5546:
5542:
5531:
5523:
5515:
5511:
5500:
5492:
5484:
5483:(stallion),
5476:
5472:
5460:
5458:
5443:sine qua non
5441:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5423:
5418:
5412:
5411:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5397:alliterative
5382:
5360:
5303:Predicate-s
5285:S-predicate
5262:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5233:
5228:
5225:
5217:
5214:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5185:
5182:
5177:
5174:
5169:
5166:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5140:
5137:
5129:
5126:
5121:
5118:
5095:
5079:
5047:
5015:
4996:
4905:
4881:
4876:
4862:
4857:
4846:benı̇́m için
4843:
4838:
4827:sizı̇́n gibi
4824:
4819:
4805:
4800:
4786:
4783:as a suffix
4780:
4766:
4760:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4699:
4694:
4680:
4675:
4661:
4656:
4645:hayváncasına
4642:
4637:
4623:
4618:
4607:memnuniyétle
4604:
4599:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4544:
4536:
4532:
4521:
4520:(minister),
4513:
4505:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4475:
4467:
4466:(suddenly),
4459:
4451:
4443:
4439:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4381:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4354:
4351:"newspaper")
4338:
4331:(< Greek
4324:
4310:
4306:
4296:
4288:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4240:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4214:(Anatolia),
4207:
4204:
4194:
4170:
4166:adding to it
4161:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4113:
4108:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4085:
4078:
4068:
4055:
4042:
4037:
4024:
4011:
4006:
3993:
3980:
3975:
3962:
3949:
3944:
3931:
3918:
3913:
3908:"to sleep."
3900:
3887:
3882:
3869:
3856:
3851:
3839:
3826:
3821:
3809:
3805:"colleague"
3796:
3791:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3718:
3717:(< Greek
3710:
3709:"microbe"),
3702:
3694:
3693:"command"),
3686:
3685:(< Farsi
3678:
3674:
3664:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3550:
3548:
3543:
3541:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3449:Grammatical
3448:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3422:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3370:
3365:
3348:
3336:
3324:
3312:
3300:
3288:
3276:
3264:
3242:Back Vowels
3239:Front Vowels
3210:
3206:vowel height
3163:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2979:book (loan)
2974:
2969:
2964:
2950:1sg present
2913:, a form of
2908:
2878:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2508:Karamanlides
2489:
2486:Laz language
2481:
2453:
2450:Orta Anadolu
2449:
2443:
2431:
2406:
2398:
2386:
2364:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2314:and others.
2303:
2299:
2293:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2215:
2146:
2136:
2129:
2078:
2026:
2013:
2006:teşrinievvel
1997:
1981:
1968:
1952:
1947:("to cut").
1940:
1927:
1911:
1899:
1886:
1870:
1859:
1851:
1838:
1822:
1801:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1749:
1736:
1704:
1649:
1623:
1622:
1531:
1530:
1410:
1406:şehirli oldu
1405:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1372:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1328:
1324:Nerede idin?
1323:
1318:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1111:
1106:
1088:Divan poetry
1068:Seljuq Turks
1057:
1016:
977:Central Asia
963:
936:Bilge Khagan
917:
909:
860:
833:
829:Turkmenistan
799:, spoken in
786:
755:noun classes
740:
732:Latin script
709:
693:Central Asia
617:
616:
588:
547:Linguasphere
530:
279:
17399:WikiProject
17330:Video games
17122:Individuals
17115:LGBT rights
17105:Health care
17072:Immigration
16853:Gendarmerie
16812:Referendums
16728:Legislative
16625:Earthquakes
16510:Oghuz Turks
16399:Dissolution
16094:Azerbaijani
15195:Fuyu Kyrgyz
15037:Ajem-Turkic
15021:Azerbaijani
13710:Neo-Aramaic
13589:Vlax Romani
13497:Cappadocian
12831:Definitions
11566:(1): 1–35.
11160:Daily Sabah
10496:"Romania",
10035:Orhan Pamuk
9979:is Lewis's.
9759:Centar Zupa
9236:tradition.
9064:back vowels
8890:çay bardağı
8867:tablecloth
8863:masa örtüsü
8846:(hand) and
8773:("finger")
8740:skyscraper
8654:kız+arkadaş
8637:compounding
8550:yat- + -gın
8536:horizontal
8449:Word class
8443:Components
8407:to observe
8326:gözlükçülük
8299:eyeglasses
8266:Word class
8260:Components
8091:emerged-our
8082:from which
7926:resimlerine
7765:Nominative
7662:); future (
7547:gitmeliydin
7535:you must go
7525:gideymişsin
7444:you will go
7430:gidermişsin
7305:Condition (
7243:subjunctive
7221:Verb tenses
7209:gelmeliydin
7133:gelebilecek
7024:inferential
7016:conditional
6390:(3s ins.),
6374:(1s ins.),
6344:(1s dat.);
6332:(1s gen.);
6198:evlerinizin
6003:ağaç gördük
5984:tree" with
5601:Serbo-Croat
5367:verb-phrase
5273:Word order
5102:Word order
4959:okula gitti
4808:anlamadí mı
4789:arkadaşímdı
4508:çırílçıplak
4185:Word-accent
4173:August 2018
4105:alternation
4014:annemgiller
3939:"morning."
3846:"to come."
3625:"sibling",
3486:-i/-ı/-ü/-u
3117:'fire' vs.
2940:Underlying
2930:Underlying
2874:orthography
2872:in Turkish
2796:Approximant
2482:Laz dialect
2439:Azerbaijani
2359:Middle East
2308:Ziya Gökalp
2089:Azerbaijani
1759:to replace
1742:to the new
1725:to replace
1610:Surname Law
1329:Neredeydin?
1107:kaba Türkçe
1099: 1299
997:Oghuz Turks
864:Ural-Altaic
797:Azerbaijani
603:instead of
296:Early forms
202:Mesopotamia
17433:Categories
17271:Newspapers
17256:Literature
17236:Folk dance
17137:Corruption
17021:Minorities
16949:Renewables
16904:Automotive
16713:Government
16444:Secularism
15865:Circassian
15521:Avar–Andic
15491:Mingrelian
15253:Old Uyghur
15055:Karapapakh
14904:Karakalpak
14712:Karakhanid
14705:Khorezmian
14252:Portuguese
13912:Macedonian
13559:Arvanitika
13036:Vocabulary
12950:Phrasebook
12882:Quotations
12682:2013-01-15
12657:2007-03-21
12630:2007-03-18
12607:2007-04-26
12584:2007-09-11
12569:2007-01-06
12532:2007-04-24
12508:Vaux, Bert
12366:2007-03-19
12296:2007-03-21
12267:2016-05-07
12242:2013-03-29
12217:2013-03-29
12133:2024-02-03
12110:2013-03-29
12069:2011-11-03
12044:2017-07-28
11912:2017-07-28
11708:2018-05-02
11679:2013-01-13
11537:2015-04-12
11421:2008-03-26
11393:2007-03-18
11338:Yayınevi.
11310:2007-03-18
11276:2017-12-30
11201:2016-02-10
11140:2017-03-25
11111:2022-08-18
11100:Eurasianet
11079:2010-02-14
11015:Ethnologue
10993:2017-03-25
10919:2007-09-28
10893:2021-08-03
10851:2007-03-18
10790:17 October
10695:2017-03-26
10644:2023-07-11
10457:2019-11-30
10418:2019-11-30
10389:2021-09-07
10308:3110199874
10279:2021-08-25
10131:Ethnologue
10108:References
9210:condemned
9193:necessary
9176:good news
9139:ˈdʒaːɫoːɫu
9066:following
9060:circumflex
8900:(tea) and
8894:tea glass
8836:el çantası
8786:prejudice
8713:bilgisayar
8704:("after")
8666:kara+biber
8648:kızarkadaş
8557:Adjective
8539:Adjective
8532:yat- + -ay
8514:yat- + -ak
8503:Adjective
8416:gözetlemek
8349:göz + -lem
8295:göz + -lük
8209:Vocabulary
8127:come-their
8124:geldikleri
8088:çıktığımız
8055:written-my
7937:looked-our
7934:baktığımız
7874:father-is-
7637:gidiverdin
7631:gidebildin
7540:gitmelisin
7506:may you go
7470:gideceksen
7456:gidecektin
7449:gideceksin
7404:gidiyorsan
7390:gidiyordun
7383:gidiyorsun
7078:(to) come
7020:imperative
6980:See also:
6970:past tense
6857:Adjectives
6847:elma yanak
6843:Demir kapı
6473:Complement
6110:" tree?".
5762:Accusative
5735:Nominative
5721:"village"
5658:noun cases
5596:(actress).
5553:(girl) or
5522:(male) or
5215:Yumurta-yı
5183:yumurta-yı
5127:yumurta-yı
5076:Word order
4944:Predicate
4651:bestially
4364:(mother),
4092:"viaduct")
4051:"hexagon"
4001:"forest."
3958:"sourish"
3952:ekşimtırak
3921:sabahleyin
3663:"gossip",
3484:fourfold (
3213:diphthongs
2932:consonant
2532:Consonants
2466:substratum
2122:branch in
2051:See also:
2000:تشرینِ اول
1744:Parliament
1555:Secularism
1432:See also:
1216:mighty God
1212:yüce Allah
1202:yüce Çalap
1052:See also:
973: 6th
894:See also:
801:Azerbaijan
763:honorifics
121:Azerbaijan
117:(official)
111:(official)
105:(official)
17325:TV series
17283:Miniature
17226:Festivals
17142:Terrorism
17093:Education
17026:Languages
16870:Air Force
16785:Elections
16733:Executive
16679:Mountains
16546:Geography
16465:Overviews
16404:Partition
16370:Tulip era
16177:varieties
16169:indicate
15992:Ukrainian
15967:Judeo-Tat
15875:Kabardian
15838:Northwest
15683:Southern
15663:Tabasaran
15513:(Caspian)
15510:Northeast
15457:Karto-Zan
15434:Caucasian
15379:varieties
15371:indicate
15355:Qoqmončaq
14763:Old Tatar
14674:Ili Turki
14365:Bulgarian
14157:Damascene
14144:Levantine
14059:Kabardian
13957:Ukrainian
13902:Hungarian
13877:Bulgarian
13860:languages
13554:Aromanian
13517:Tsakonian
13181:Bulgarian
13031:Phonology
12933:Resources
12916:Textbooks
12356:1301-465X
12344:Türk Dili
12169:122264213
12155:: 33–52.
11580:0167-6318
11507:"Turkish"
11380:1301-465X
11368:Türk Dili
10938:Çok Bilgi
9975:The term
9738:Mitrovica
9155:tʃaɫɯʃtɯː
9149:çalıştığı
9132:Cağaloğlu
8958:a version
8952:magazine)
8759:başparmak
8717:computer
8690:pazartesi
8660:karabiber
8617:yatırımcı
8572:lay down
8464:lie down
8385:göz + -le
8371:observer
8317:optician
8179:hapishane
8118:on which
8008:of which
7978:seçildiği
7973:mayor-its
7964:of which
7920:at whose
7885:yesterday
7822:father-is
7810:Genitive
7489:gitseydin
7371:gitmişsen
7357:gitmiştin
7350:gitmişsin
7338:gittiysen
7328:gittiydin
7272:gid-/git-
7121:gelememiş
6851:kömür göz
6799:Profesörü
6179:my house
6092:particle
5739:∅ (none)
5708:Examples
5611:(queen),
5534:dişi kedi
5333:unmarked
5296:unmarked
5156:unmarked
4987:(copula)
4833:like you
4702:gelı̇́yor
4670:by night
4664:gecéleyin
4504:(naked),
4478:gerçektén
4470:gérçekten
4458:(after),
4416:çekı̇́rge
4267:Sı̇́rkeci
4259:sirkecı̇́
4255:(Egypt),
4247:(maize),
4234:Zónguldak
3983:ormandaki
3799:meslektaş
3725:"bishop")
3721:επίσκοπος
3671:"come on"
3655:"today",
3609:"where",
3601:"which",
3593:"apple",
3458:twofold (
3444:unrounded
3253:Unrounded
3247:Unrounded
3217:loanwords
3211:The only
2935:Devoiced
2866:yumuşak g
2720:voiceless
2714:Fricative
2619:voiceless
2514:Phonology
2494:Kastamonu
2490:Kastamonu
2474:phonology
2454:Karadeniz
2379:Ludogorie
2236:in Iraq.
2025:The noun
1895:aeroplane
1817:Comments
1727:loanwords
1523:Mausoleum
1207:Âli Allah
1172:peygamber
1167:peygamber
1011:from the
964:With the
932:Kul Tigin
911:Irk Bitig
872:Hungarian
852:Mongolian
819:of south
642:Türk dili
532:Glottolog
516:ISO 639-3
498:ISO 639-2
480:ISO 639-1
221:Ethnicity
84:Türk dili
43:Türk dili
17375:Category
17313:Football
17298:Painting
17241:Folklore
17149:Marriage
17055:Istanbul
17038:Religion
16991:Railways
16981:Aviation
16919:Currency
16777:Politics
16745:Judicial
16721:Branches
16699:Wildlife
16489:Military
16477:Economic
16382:Tanzimat
16185:See also
16139:Assyrian
16129:Lomavren
16008:Armenian
15938:Ossetian
15931:Kurmanji
15909:European
15841:(Pontic)
15819:Khinalug
15794:Khwarshi
15779:(Didoic)
15705:Western
15649:Eastern
15562:Chamalal
15557:Godoberi
15544:Bagvalal
15462:Georgian
15426:Caucasus
15322:Pecheneg
15119:Southern
15098:Northern
15090:Siberian
14983:Southern
14972:Trukhmen
14866:Telengit
14811:Krymchak
14752:Nagaibak
14698:Chagatai
14516:Category
14441:Zaza(ki)
14410:Kurmanji
14401:Georgian
14391:Albanian
14351:Armenian
14257:Japanese
14150:Aleppine
14085:Kurmanji
14050:Armenian
13882:Croatian
13872:Armenian
13867:Albanian
13849:Romanian
13722:Armenian
13691:Kurmanji
13659:Standard
13377:Armenian
13111:Category
13021:Alphabet
13014:Overview
12734:18836678
12551:(2003).
12510:(2001).
12427:Archived
12360:Archived
12338:(1977).
12236:Archived
12185:Archived
12101:Archived
12035:Archived
11906:Archived
11842:(1953).
11702:Archived
11588:42712078
11415:Archived
11270:Archived
11266:Milliyet
11232:17 March
11226:archived
11171:25 March
11165:Archived
11134:Archived
11132:. 2016.
11126:"Kosovo"
11105:Archived
11070:Archived
11057:(2006).
11038:Archived
10987:Archived
10985:. 2016.
10887:Archived
10766:(2001).
10689:Archived
10480:Archived
10451:Archived
10412:Archived
10383:archived
10361:(2021),
10273:Archived
10233:Springer
10057:hapisane
10022:relative
10018:personal
9856:fourfold
9814:cemiyeti
9746:Vushtrri
9689:Öztürkçe
9637:See also
9124:Meaning
9020:phonemic
8904:(glass)
8877:(cover)
8840:handbag
8824:English
8821:Turkish
8736:gökdelen
8678:English
8675:Turkish
8581:yatırmak
8500:leaning
8446:English
8440:Turkish
8425:to peep
8398:gözlemek
8389:observe
8362:gözlemci
8308:gözlükçü
8263:English
8257:Turkish
8190:days-its
8171:anladığı
8052:yazdığım
8024:istediği
8019:seçilmek
7890:gördüğüm
7871:babasını
7838:speaking
7785:speaking
7760:Pronoun
7752:Example
7518:gideydin
7437:gidersen
7423:giderdin
7416:gidersin
7316:you went
7085:gelebil-
7066:English
7063:Turkish
7048:mirative
7032:optative
6938:clothes-
6874:güzeller
6863:declined
6812:ne oldum
6764:sınavlar
6646:söyleniş
6525:Atatürk'
6476:Meaning
6443:). E.g.
6422:). E.g.
6119:English
6116:Turkish
6107:ağaç mı?
6101:köye mi?
6036:an, ağaç
6027:suffixes
5990:"we saw
5980:"we saw
5906:Ablative
5870:Locative
5797:Genitive
5711:Meaning
5693:köylerin
5573:kahraman
5499:(bull),
5491:(mare),
5282:Nominal
5105:Example
5012:Negation
4977:öğretmen
4941:Subject
4934:English
4931:Turkish
4738:(that),
4683:anlamádı
4626:yazárken
4524:báşbakan
4496:, e.g.,
4442:, e.g.,
4348:gazzetta
4309:, e.g.,
4295:(army),
4218:İstánbul
4109:viyadüğü
4079:Orta+köy
3970:"sour."
3945:–imtırak
3877:"king."
3865:"regal"
3786:Remarks
3754:–imtırak
3713:piskopos
3689:فرماندهی
3659:dedikodu
3641:"mother"
3577:"also",
3528:Türkiye'
3514:is used.
3419:in 2006)
3413:Istanbul
3256:Rounded
3137:'hajj',
3121:'herb',
2953:Meaning
2889:examples
2885:phonemes
2562:alveolar
2555:Alveolar
2339:projects
2296:Istanbul
2284:Dialects
2204:Albanian
1847:triangle
1831:müselles
1709:and the
1625:Kemalism
1483:Timeline
1301:kekremsi
1294:boortsog
1156:English
1144:English
1114:Adıyaman
1094:period (
1072:Ottomans
1066:and the
1005:Anatolia
987:and the
956:Germanic
928:Mongolia
856:Tungusic
844:Japanese
823:and the
813:Gagauzia
673:Bulgaria
609:Help:IPA
553:44-AAB-a
551:part of
539:nucl1301
332:Dialects
231:Speakers
187:Anatolia
151:Bulgaria
17411:Outline
17387:Commons
17320:Theater
17303:Pottery
17219:Ottoman
17214:Cuisine
17192:Ottoman
17169:Culture
17154:Poverty
17086:Society
16971:Tourism
16924:Defense
16896:Economy
16738:Cabinet
16669:Geology
16613:Climate
16555:Regions
16482:Ottoman
16300:Beyliks
16296:Seljuks
16261:History
16167:Italics
16104:Turkmen
16099:Turkish
16053:Kipchak
16018:Western
16013:Eastern
15987:Russian
15943:Persian
15926:Kurdish
15918:Iranian
15753:Chechen
15747:Arshtin
15741:Vainakh
15714:Tsakhur
15619:Kubachi
15553:Botlikh
15539:Akhvakh
15438:(areal)
15369:Italics
15337:pidgins
15333:Creoles
15291:Chuvash
15215:Chelkan
15210:Kumandy
15188:Yenisei
15060:Turkish
15014:Western
15005:Sonqori
15000:Qashqai
14990:Afshari
14967:Turkmen
14955:Eastern
14742:Bashkir
14727:Kipchak
14650:Eastern
14629:Western
14431:Romeika
14406:Kurdish
14359:Western
14355:Eastern
14335:Turkish
14262:Russian
14247:Chinese
14227:Italian
14217:Spanish
14212:Punjabi
14202:English
14104:Aramaic
14092:Turkish
14080:Kurdish
14065:Chechen
13962:Yiddish
13952:Turkish
13937:Serbian
13927:Russian
13907:Italian
13772:Shabaki
13762:Persian
13727:Turkish
13677:Kurdish
13596:Turkish
13522:Yevanic
13387:Russian
13335:English
13319:Turkish
13235:Russian
13212:Turkish
13207:Serbian
13202:Russian
13041:Grammar
13026:Braille
12446:Sources
12433:11 June
12350:(307).
11374:(613).
10126:Turkish
9948:Ankara
9887:m, p, r
9852:twofold
9806:cemiyet
9742:Prizren
9734:Mamusha
9206:mahˈcum
9189:laːˈzɯm
9024:phoneme
8966:Atatürk
8946:Kayseri
8938:Atatürk
8782:önyargı
8694:Monday
8599:yatırım
8478:yat-mak
8249:clitics
8187:günleri
8014:muhtarı
7989:village
7970:muhtarı
7893:seen-my
7835:konuşan
7782:konuşan
7674:); and
7511:gidesin
7299:rivayet
7296:Rumor (
7287:Story (
7254:rivayet
7176:passive
7169:gelinir
7109:geleme-
7034:), and
6996:present
6917:var/yok
6899:süt yok
6826:parvenu
6596:"Orhan"
6550:Atatürk
6507:"kimse"
6408:tamlama
6393:onlarla
6377:bizimle
6371:benimle
6314:(1pl),
6054:ın, ağa
6045:voicing
5729:"tree"
5705:Ending
5684:marker
5643:"god").
5631:tanrıça
5607:kraliçe
5577:(hero).
5389:affixes
5373:Grammar
5319:Verbal
4951:Verbal
4890:us too
4852:for me
4734:(for),
4462:ánsızın
4450:(now),
4446:şı̇́mdi
4436:(skunk)
4432:kokárca
4428:(ant),
4424:karínca
4376:görúmce
4320:locanda
4313:lokánta
4210:Anádolu
4144:kitabun
4136:kitabun
4116:Trabzon
4086:viyadük
4063:"six."
4045:altıgen
3890:uyurken
3829:geliyor
3705:microbe
3677:, e.g.
3647:, e.g.
3633:"fat",
3613:inanmak
3569:, e.g.
3451:affixes
3440:rounded
3250:Rounded
3095:Russian
2919:/bddʒɡ/
2577:Glottal
2567:Palatal
2462:Trabzon
2448:speaks
2421:of the
2415:Antalya
2371:Rumelia
2298:. This
2232:and in
2208:Serbian
2206:(top),
2196:Prizren
2103:), the
2022:October
1992:usage.
1879:tayyare
1533:Reforms
1401:şarıkdı
1288:bread,
1234:mosque
1176:prophet
1080:Persian
995:of the
993:Seljuqs
981:Siberia
890:History
868:Finnish
825:Turkmen
817:Qashqai
734:-based
726:-based
669:Austria
665:Germany
618:Turkish
605:Unicode
454:Romania
434:Croatia
280:Turkish
275:Western
192:Balkans
156:Romania
136:Lebanon
29:Turkish
17363:Portal
17308:Sports
17209:Cinema
17204:Carpet
17187:Seljuk
17177:Anthem
17060:Ankara
16929:Energy
16821:Topics
16689:Rivers
16606:Topics
16498:Topics
16253:Turkey
16144:Bohtan
16117:Others
16044:Turkic
16025:German
16001:Others
15979:Slavic
15948:Talysh
15870:Adyghe
15858:Abkhaz
15848:Abazgi
15812:Others
15799:Hinukh
15790:Hunzib
15786:Bezhta
15777:Tsezic
15765:Ingush
15687:Budukh
15658:Lezgin
15646:Samur
15634:Lezgic
15624:Mehweb
15614:Kaitag
15609:Itsari
15597:Dargwa
15592:Chirag
15584:Dargin
15567:Karata
15350:Kurbet
15345:Hezhou
15315:Khazar
15297:Bulgar
15200:Khakas
15165:Dukhan
15142:Steppe
15126:Chulym
15105:Dolgan
15050:Gagauz
14909:Kazakh
14878:Baraba
14861:Teleut
14851:Kyrgyz
14837:Kyrgyz
14806:Karaim
14735:Bulgar
14662:Khoton
14657:Uyghur
14621:Karluk
14611:Khalaj
14416:Ladino
14396:Domari
14375:Hebrew
14267:Danish
14242:Arabic
14237:Hebrew
14222:German
14207:French
14114:Turoyo
14070:Domari
13942:Slovak
13922:Romani
13917:Polish
13892:German
13767:Hebrew
13685:(Main)
13683:Sorani
13670:(Main)
13662:Arabic
13579:Romani
13507:Maniot
13502:Pontic
13492:Cretan
13361:Kurbet
13197:Romani
13046:Copula
12787:Curlie
12778:Curlie
12753:
12732:
12709:
12496:
12477:
12419:
12392:
12354:
12318:
12167:
12009:
11965:
11937:
11879:
11854:
11730:
11647:
11586:
11578:
11520:
11378:
11342:
11066:Europa
10979:"Iraq"
10948:29 May
10879:
10816:
10746:
10717:
10635:
10562:
10534:
10508:
10375:
10364:Turkic
10305:
10265:
10239:
10211:
10182:
9904:Bayram
9822:kurmak
9802:tetkik
9730:Gjilan
9217:Sample
9200:mahkûm
9172:myʒˈde
9088:, and
8902:bardak
8850:(bag)
8771:parmak
8763:thumb
8702:ertesi
8563:yatır-
8545:yatkın
8473:yatmak
8380:gözle-
8344:gözlem
8290:gözlük
8182:prison
8063:letter
8060:mektup
7945:artist
7942:ressam
7819:babası
7731:eat",
7676:aorist
7625:gittin
7482:gitsen
7321:gittin
7290:hikâye
7266:gitmek
7248:hikaye
7239:aorist
7097:gelme-
7052:suffix
7036:aspect
7030:, and
7008:aorist
7006:, and
7004:future
6988:person
6926:noun 2
6922:noun 1
6914:-POSS
6912:noun 2
6908:noun 1
6748:Ankara
6621:sessiz
6571:Orhan'
6555:Bulvar
6308:(3s),
6302:(2s),
6296:(1s),
6186:evimde
6162:eviniz
6080:copula
6070:person
6058:a, ağa
6043:) and
5963:ağaçla
5920:köyden
5834:Dative
5682:plural
5680:. The
5623:çariçe
5592:aktris
5586:Arabic
5582:French
5543:people
5507:(cow).
5487:kısrak
5455:Gender
5410:) and
5108:Focus
4995:ev-de-
4990:Necla
4972:Necla
4954:Necla
4909:copula
4897:Syntax
4884:biz de
4657:–leyin
4571:–leyin
4539:úfacık
4500:çíplak
4341:gazéte
4090:viaduc
3914:–leyin
3859:şahane
3812:meslek
3748:–leyin
3697:mikrop
3681:ferman
3629:şişman
3621:kardeş
3521:copula
3490:: the
3261:Vowel
3152:Vowels
3091:German
3083:bread
3079:ekmeğe
3069:*ekmeğ
3031:thigh
2975:kitaba
2965:*kitab
2761:voiced
2667:voiced
2550:Dental
2545:Labial
2478:syntax
2419:Yörüks
2411:Aegean
2403:Edirne
2399:Edirne
2373:speak
2335:accent
2238:Cyprus
2226:Kosovo
2222:Cyprus
2218:Turkey
2200:Kosovo
2182:Arabic
2124:Berlin
2097:Cyprus
2069:
2063:
1920:nispet
1793:script
1713:, the
1707:Turkey
1374:ferace
1290:lavash
1262:lavâşa
1254:mosque
1250:mescit
1245:mescid
1240:mezgit
1162:yalvaç
1076:Arabic
991:. The
985:Europe
876:Altaic
848:Korean
840:Altaic
836:Turkic
809:Gagauz
793:Turkic
699:, and
687:, the
685:Europe
681:Greece
661:Cyprus
657:Turkey
623:Türkçe
579:
573:
567:
446:Kosovo
438:Greece
415:Turkey
407:Cyprus
260:Turkic
207:Levant
197:Cyprus
180:Region
161:Kosovo
146:Greece
115:Cyprus
103:Turkey
65:Türkçe
46:(noun)
36:Türkçe
17293:Names
17288:Music
17261:Media
17132:Crime
17065:İzmir
16674:Lakes
16659:Fauna
16086:Oghuz
16071:Nogai
16066:Kumyk
15954:Kilit
15907:Indo-
15883:Ubykh
15853:Abaza
15709:Rutul
15692:Kryts
15653:Aghul
15642:Archi
15602:Kadar
15548:Tindi
15529:Andic
15447:South
15283:Oghur
15175:Soyot
15158:Taiga
15149:Tuvan
15135:Sayan
15110:Yakut
14946:Salar
14938:Oghuz
14914:Nogai
14892:Nogai
14816:Kumyk
14795:Cuman
14775:Cuman
14747:Tatar
14370:Greek
14272:Dutch
14232:Hindi
14170:Najdi
14139:Shawi
14075:Greek
13947:Tatar
13932:Rusyn
13897:Greek
13887:Czech
13476:Greek
13314:Greek
13217:Tatar
12899:Texts
12848:Media
12745:[
12724:[
12701:[
12676:(PDF)
12669:(PDF)
12563:(PDF)
12556:(PDF)
12526:(PDF)
12515:(PDF)
12211:(PDF)
12204:(PDF)
12165:S2CID
12104:(PDF)
12089:(PDF)
12038:(PDF)
12031:(PDF)
11595:(PDF)
11584:S2CID
11556:(PDF)
11531:(PDF)
11510:(PDF)
11449:(PDF)
11442:(PDF)
11387:(PDF)
11364:(PDF)
11330:[
11304:(PDF)
11297:(PDF)
11073:(PDF)
11062:(PDF)
10395:Iraq.
9889:, or
9818:kurum
9713:Kifri
9695:Notes
9230:ashik
9183:lazım
9166:müjde
9076:loans
8848:çanta
8794:yargı
8721:bilgi
8698:pazar
8629:Noun
8611:Noun
8527:yatay
8521:Noun
8509:yatak
8491:yatık
8374:Noun
8356:Noun
8338:Noun
8320:Noun
8302:Noun
8284:Noun
8132:vapur
7827:şimdi
7774:şimdi
7733:yediğ
7722:yediğ
7707:-ecek
7665:-ecek
7308:koşul
7260:koşul
7055:-me²-
7046:or a
6992:tense
6976:Verbs
6962:plur.
6960:shoe-
6952:"cat-
6910:-GEN
6868:güzel
6733:araba
6707:Ford'
6680:Dergi
6512:yanıt
6492:yanıt
6482:kimse
6433:-(s)i
6399:kendi
6335:bizim
6329:benim
6323:onlar
6138:evler
6075:-imiz
5956:köyle
5884:köyde
5810:köyün
5702:Case
5639:tanrı
5557:kadın
5518:erkek
5479:aygır
5471:Most
5450:Nouns
5408:sıcak
5404:sıcak
5357:Topic
5237:Ahmet
5234:Ahmet
5170:Ahmet
5167:Ahmet
5122:Ahmet
5119:Ahmet
5086:Latin
5019:değil
4742:(too)
4547:évcik
4516:bakán
4486:kíşın
4454:sónra
4400:téyze
4384:yénge
4334:βόλτα
4283:Bébek
4275:bebék
4251:Mísır
4243:mısír
4226:Páris
4054:From
4027:annem
4023:From
3996:orman
3992:From
3961:From
3934:sabah
3930:From
3899:From
3868:From
3838:From
3808:From
3667:haydi
3651:bugün
3597:hangi
3549:palto
3460:-e/-a
3131:kitap
3074:ekmek
3053:renge
3043:*reng
2970:kitap
2942:form
2937:form
2584:Nasal
2572:Velar
2560:Post-
2470:Greek
2369:from
2365:Some
2343:atlas
1977:north
1971:kuzey
1961:şimal
1936:ratio
1902:uçmak
1873:طیاره
1841:üçgen
1795:" in
1787:betik
1779:parti
1771:fırka
1763:fırka
1755:bölem
1651:Nutuk
1311:şarap
1306:şarâb
1280:lavaş
1276:ekmek
1271:ekmek
1258:gümeç
1225:câmi'
1118:Adana
1060:Islam
1001:Oghuz
789:Oghuz
701:Syria
381:Latin
270:Oghuz
225:Turks
131:Syria
17335:Wine
17231:Flag
16934:Coal
16880:Navy
16875:Land
16343:Rise
16298:and
16076:Urum
15803:Tsez
15758:Aukh
15736:Bats
15728:Nakh
15574:Avar
15534:Andi
15500:Svan
15335:and
15227:Shor
15220:Tuba
15170:Tofa
14828:Urum
14679:Äynu
14605:Argu
14596:Argu
12865:News
12751:ISBN
12730:OCLC
12707:ISBN
12597:UCLA
12494:ISBN
12475:ISBN
12435:2018
12417:ISBN
12390:ISBN
12352:ISSN
12316:ISBN
12007:ISBN
11988:1978
11963:ISBN
11935:ISBN
11877:ISBN
11852:ISBN
11728:ISBN
11645:ISBN
11576:ISSN
11518:ISBN
11376:ISSN
11340:ISBN
11234:2017
11173:2017
10950:2014
10877:ISBN
10814:ISBN
10792:2022
10744:ISBN
10715:ISBN
10633:ISBN
10560:ISBN
10532:ISBN
10506:ISBN
10463:use.
10373:ISBN
10303:ISBN
10285:50s)
10263:ISBN
10237:ISBN
10209:ISBN
10180:ISBN
10159:(13)
10044:Snow
10020:and
9854:and
9804:and
9761:and
9744:and
9715:and
9070:and
9054:and
9042:and
8980:and
8978:ā, ū
8927:and
8875:örtü
8871:masa
8808:(s)I
8748:del-
8725:say-
8642:(s)I
8460:yat-
8455:yat-
8281:eye
8135:ship
8099:door
8096:kapı
7898:adam
7843:adam
7790:adam
7713:-dik
7671:-miş
7073:gel-
7040:-miş
7012:mood
7000:past
6972:").
6950:lit.
6904:lit.
6895:e.g.
6817:deli
6695:Ford
6664:Türk
6450:(s)i
6347:sana
6341:bana
6174:evim
6150:evin
6032:ağaç
6018:ağaç
5997:-ler
5927:ağaç
5912:-den
5891:ağaç
5848:köye
5775:köyü
5751:ağaç
5726:ağaç
5687:-ler
5648:Case
5599:The
5541:For
5526:dişi
5510:For
5503:inek
5495:boğa
5419:mavi
5415:mavi
5322:SOV
5226:yedi
5218:egg.
5209:OVS
5186:egg.
5175:yedi
5161:SVO
5138:yedi
5130:egg.
5113:SOV
4999:-miş
4839:için
4820:gibi
4732:için
4728:gibi
4695:–yor
4619:–ken
4579:–yor
4563:–ken
4533:–cik
4408:ámca
4392:hála
4368:ábla
4360:ánne
4327:ólta
4299:Órdu
4291:ordú
4230:and
4142:and
4140:elun
4132:elün
4128:elün
4069:The
4058:altı
4038:–gen
4007:–gil
3965:ekşi
3903:uyu–
3883:–ken
3852:–ane
3842:gel–
3822:–yor
3792:–daş
3768:–gen
3764:–gil
3744:–ken
3740:–ane
3736:–yor
3732:–daş
3637:anne
3605:hani
3589:elma
3573:dahi
3535:kapı
3524:-dir
3204:and
3093:and
3048:renk
3027:buda
3017:*bud
3005:tip
2613:Stop
2524:See
2476:and
2444:The
2432:The
2331:şive
2327:ağız
2190:Iraq
2120:IKEA
2029:ekim
2016:ekim
1955:شمال
1930:oran
1914:نسبت
1889:uçak
1862:-gen
1825:مثلث
1436:and
1315:wine
1284:pişi
1266:pişi
1230:cami
1220:eyne
1195:imam
1190:imam
1185:imâm
1180:fakı
1116:and
1078:and
898:and
874:and
854:and
821:Iran
805:Iran
697:Iraq
442:Iraq
141:Iran
126:Iraq
17199:Art
16944:Oil
16939:Gas
15962:Tat
15824:Lak
15697:Jek
15668:Udi
15486:Laz
15481:Zan
15243:Old
14882:Tom
14689:Old
14667:Lop
14421:Laz
12785:at
12776:at
12157:doi
11568:doi
11012:at
10625:doi
10128:at
10039:Kar
10037:'s
9812:of
9246:IPA
9224:by
9104:is
9096:is
8960:of
8898:çay
8882:+sü
8855:+sı
8815:):
8767:baş
8744:gök
8277:göz
8272:göz
8239:to
8165:ACC
8029:köy
7986:köy
7901:man
7882:dün
7876:ACC
7846:man
7830:now
7793:man
7777:now
7740:you
7700:-en
7690:).
7687:-ir
7684:or
7681:-er
7659:-en
7619:yaz
7613:kal
7607:Ver
7601:Bil
7595:ver
7592:or
7589:bil
7569:git
7010:),
6966:its
6940:his
6928:";
6886:yok
6880:var
6725:nin
6638:nin
6484:nin
6428:-in
6365:ile
6317:siz
6311:biz
6299:sen
6293:ben
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