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1775:(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005), 79: "Critics pointed out how many of the witnesses were members of the Smith and Whitmer families, implying that they signed out of loyalty or from a self-serving motive....The witnesses were no substitute for making the plates accessible to anyone for examination, but the testimonies showed Joseph—and God—answering doubters with concrete evidence, a concession to the needs of post-Enlightenment Christians."
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1801:. In 1831, Joseph Smith received a revelation from God that John Whitmer should "write and keep a regular history" of the church (D&C 47). Whitmer did eventually write such a history, but one which concluded with a detailed description of what Whitmer considered the mistreatment that he and his family had received in Caldwell County. See Bruce N. Westerngren,
1945:, 3: 122. John H. Gilbert, the typesetter for most of the book, said that he had asked Harris, "Martin, did you see those plates with your naked eyes?" According to Gilbert, Harris "looked down for an instant, raised his eyes up, and said, 'No, I saw them with a spiritual eye." John H. Gilbert, "Memorandum," 8 September 1892, in
1555:, the Book of Mormon witnesses had a "nineteenth-century magical mindset" rather than "a rationalist perspective." They believed in what was called "second sight. Traditionally, this included the ability to see spirits and their dwelling places within the local hills and elsewhere." A number of the witnesses possessed and used
1674:
All three witnesses eventually quarreled with Joseph and left his church. At their going he heaped abuse upon them, but none ever denied the reality of his vision, and
Cowdery and Harris eventually were rebaptized. Joseph had no fear in vilifying them; he neither expected nor received reprisals. For
1596:
and the testimony of eleven witnesses to their authenticity. All living witnesses to the Book of Mormon (except possibly
Cowdery)—three of the Whitmers, Martin Harris, and Hiram Page—accepted at least briefly Strang's "leadership, angelic call, metal plates, and his translation of these plates as
1208:, and all three were excommunicated with other dissenters, never to rejoin The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. None of the Eight Witnesses are known to have denied his testimony of the authenticity of the Book of Mormon or the golden plates.
1009:, all of whom allowed their names to be used on two separate statements included with the Book of Mormon and church leaders contend that the witnesses never denied their accounts. Critics have challenged the nature and reliability of the accounts, as
1792:
by then, signed an ultimatum demanding the departure of the offenders....Fearing for their property and perhaps their lives, the dissenters fled." (355–51) In 1847, David, John, and Jacob
Whitmer and Hiram Page were baptized into the newly formed
1203:
rather than by an angel as the Three had. Christian
Whitmer died in 1835 and his brother Peter Whitmer, Jr. died the following year. In 1838, the surviving Whitmers became estranged from Joseph Smith during a leadership struggle in
1074:. In 1838, Joseph Smith called Cowdery, Harris, and Whitmer "too mean to mention; and we had liked to have forgotten them." Oliver Cowdery temporarily became a member of the Methodist Church, while Martin Harris adopted some
1933:, 2: 255. The foreman in the Palmyra printing office that produced the first Book of Mormon said that Harris "used to practice a good deal of his characteristic jargon and 'seeing with the spiritual eye,' and the like."
2024:
1526:, where much of the translation occurred, said that an angel showed her the plates and thus made her more content to continue her daily labors. Joseph Smith made no mention of this visitation in his journal.
1607:
LDS church leaders and student manuals note that none of the witnesses ever denied his testimony as it was printed in the Book of Mormon nor denied that Smith was a true prophet at the time he translated the
1957:, 3: 22. In 1838, Harris is said to have told an Ohio congregation that "he never saw the plates with his natural eyes, only in vision or imagination." Stephen Burnett to Lyman E. Johnson, 15 April 1838 in
1788:"preached a vitriolic sermon based on the theme of salt losing its savor and being cast out and trodden underfoot....Soon after the sermon, eighty-three prominent members in Far West, many of them probably
1949:, 2: 548. Two other Palmyra residents said that Harris told them that he had seen the plates with "the eye of faith" or "spiritual eyes." Martin Harris interviews with John A. Clark, 1827 & 1828 in
801:
1196:. Joseph Smith Sr. was Joseph's father, and Hyrum and Samuel H. Smith were his brothers. Christian, Jacob, Peter Jr. and John were David Whitmer's brothers, and Hiram Page was his brother-in-law.
1585:
even when he was estranged from the church, at least during the early years of the movement, he "seems to have repeatedly admitted the internal, subjective nature of his visionary experience."
1961:, 2: 291. A neighbor of Harris in Kirtland, Ohio, said that Harris "never claimed to have seen with his natural eyes, only spiritual vision." Reuben P. Harmon statement, c. 1885, in
2674:
1070:, has been printed with every edition of the Book of Mormon since its first publication in 1830. All three witnesses eventually broke with Smith and were excommunicated from the
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Unlike the Three
Witnesses, the Eight testified that they both saw and handled the plates. Another difference is that the Eight testified they were shown the plates by
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2652:
2608:
2350:
1571:, the world view of the witnesses is difficult for us to grasp," and thus it is less impressive that "three signatories to the Book of Mormon saw and heard an angel."
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to modern agnostics, evangelical
Christians, and even some unorthodox ("Big Tent") Mormons—argue that the testimonies of the witnesses cannot be taken at face value.
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All the witnesses were family, close friends, or financial backers of Joseph Smith. Cowdery, Page, and the five
Whitmers were related by marriage.
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has observed, many of the earliest
Mormons were "very much attuned to the supernatural powers of witchcraft." "Far removed from our own modern
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1843:(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2003), 5: 160–61; John C. Whitmer Interview with Andrew Jenson and Edward Stevenson, 11 October 1888," in
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1863:(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2002), 175. Palmer devotes an entire chapter to the magical mindset of the Book of Mormon Witnesses.
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5: 260–62. John
Whitmer said that his grandmother always referred to the supernatural visitor as "Brother Nephi."
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later joked, "I could not feel more satisfied and at rest if the entire
Whitmer family had testified."
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and that they had heard God's voice testifying that the book had been translated by the power of God.
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Apologists note that after being excommunicated, Harris and Cowdery later returned to the church.
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Doctrine and Covenants and Church History: Gospel Doctrine Teacher's Manual (1999).
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beliefs. After the death of Joseph Smith, Harris and Cowdery sought rebaptism in
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1522:(1778–1856), the mother of five Witnesses, who took care of the household in
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Anderson, Gale Yancey (Spring 2012), "Eleven Witnesses Behold the Plates",
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No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith, the Mormon Prophet
1066:, whose joint testimony, in conjunction with a separate statement by
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1835:"David Whitmer Interview with Edward Stevenson, 9 February 1888,"in
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1953:, 2: 270; Jesse Townsend to Phineas Stiles, 24 December 1833, in
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were the second of the two groups of "special witnesses" to the
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2025:"Lesson 4: Remember the New Covenant, Even the Book of Mormon"
39:
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1887:
The Refiner's Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644–1844
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433:
428:
418:
393:
230:
3167:
Criticism of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
2015:"An Enduring Testimony of the Witness of the Prophet Joseph"
3187:
Eyewitness accounts associated with the Joseph Smith Papyri
1210:
463:
1876:(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1998), rev. ed., 239-40.
1164:. They were all members of the Whitmer or Smith families:
3006:
Cunning folk traditions and the Latter Day Saint movement
1592:, claiming to be Smith's chosen successor, also produced
1581:
Although Harris continued to testify to the truth of the
1727:"Oliver Cowdery: Scribe, Elder, Witness | BYU Studies"
1803:
From Historian to Dissident: The Book of John Whitmer
1675:
he had conjured up a vision they would never forget.
1619:
1920:(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986), second ed., 79.
1918:No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith
1889:(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 77.
3249:
2643:Christian fellowships of "the Remnants" movement
2604:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1080:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
16:Early members of the Latter Day Saint movement
2483:Doctrine and Covenants (Book of Commandments)
2399:Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite) history
2285:
2271:
2090:
1941:(New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1867), 71 in
1692:(Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1905), 3: 232.
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2104:
3162:Bibliography of books critical of Mormonism
2675:List of Reorganized Restorationist churches
1808:
1543:—from late nineteenth-century clergymen to
1031:were a group of three early leaders of the
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2264:
2097:
2083:
1001:. The most significant witnesses were the
973:
959:
38:
1035:who wrote in a statement of 1829 that an
1874:Early Mormonism and the Magic World View
1814:
1805:(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1995).
1013:is increasingly known to be unreliable.
848:Book of Mormon Historic Publication Site
2039:A list of articles is available in the
1939:Origin, Rise, and Progress of Mormonism
712:Book of Mormon and the King James Bible
3250:
1784:Bushman, 337,339, 350–51. On June 17,
1655:
2488:Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible
2259:
2078:
1753:An Address to All Believers in Christ
3073:Latter Day Saints in popular culture
2811:Spectrums of orthodoxy and practice
1861:An Insider's View of Mormon Origins
1749:
1251:Shoemaker, law enforcement officer
13:
2950:List of prophecies of Joseph Smith
1508:
1142:
1016:
989:were a group of contemporaries of
14:
3269:
2928:Historicity of the Book of Mormon
2306:Mormonism and Nicene Christianity
1772:Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling
1563:. As Tufts University professor
3214:Temple architecture (LDS Church)
2879:Black people and early Mormonism
2478:Criticism of Mormon sacred texts
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2140:
1630:Latter Day Saint movement portal
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997:from which Smith translated the
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933:Two thousand stripling warriors
888:Pacific Islanders and Mormonism
489:Zeram, Amnor, Manti, and Limher
286:Coriantumr (last Jaredite king)
3078:Portrayal of Mormons in comics
3033:Association for Mormon Letters
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883:Native Americans and Mormonism
291:Coriantumr (Nephite dissenter)
1:
1643:
1084:Church of Christ (Whitmerite)
993:who claimed to have seen the
947:Outline of the Book of Mormon
802:List of Book of Mormon Videos
1989:"The Witness: Martin Harris"
1703:"The Witness: Martin Harris"
1534:
1529:
7:
2663:Latter Day Church of Christ
2503:Book of the Law of the Lord
2380:Community of Christ history
1707:www.churchofjesuschrist.org
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913:Great and abominable church
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2517:Fettingites and offshoots
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2351:History of the LDS Church
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2316:Teachings of Joseph Smith
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2287:Latter Day Saint movement
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1818:Journal of Mormon History
1541:Latter Day Saint movement
1054:The Three Witnesses were
1033:Latter Day Saint movement
3258:Book of Mormon witnesses
3237:Latter Day Saints Portal
3192:Kirtland Egyptian papers
2356:Mormon handcart pioneers
2245:Latter Day Saints Portal
2106:Book of Mormon witnesses
2067:Book of Mormon Witnesses
2064:Richard Lloyd Anderson,
2046:Book of Mormon Witnesses
1417:Topsfield, Massachusetts
1352:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
1284:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
1247:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
1082:and Whitmer founded the
987:Book of Mormon witnesses
893:Skin color and Mormonism
815:The Book of Mormon Movie
296:Coriantumr (son of Omer)
103:Book of Mormon witnesses
2684:Doctrines and practices
1916:Quoted in Fawn Brodie,
1559:; Oliver Cowdery was a
742:Limited geography model
722:Historical authenticity
2766:Melchizedek priesthood
2052:July 25, 2008, at the
1931:Early Mormon Documents
1841:Early Mormon Documents
1520:Mary Musselman Whitmer
1457:Farmer, schoolteacher
1421:Farmer, schoolteacher
777:Record of the Nephites
120:Spalding–Rigdon theory
3204:Mormonism and history
2756:Judaism and Mormonism
2668:Centennial Park group
2648:Mormon fundamentalism
2311:Mormon fundamentalism
2043:Topical Guide, under
2003:"A Growing Testimony"
1767:Richard Lyman Bushman
1689:History of the Church
1656:Brodie, Fawn (1971).
1588:After Smith's death,
1325:Clay County, Missouri
1257:Clay County, Missouri
1194:Samuel Harrison Smith
863:Engraved metal plates
808:How Rare a Possession
2943:Geographical setting
2889:Joseph Smith's views
2771:Patriarchal blessing
2721:Early views on death
2621:Restoration branches
2527:Founders and leaders
2513:The Word of the Lord
2493:Pearl of Great Price
2390:Restoration branches
2204:Additional Witnesses
1011:eyewitness testimony
822:Passage to Zarahemla
3182:Joseph Smith Papyri
2831:Women and Mormonism
2761:Law of consecration
2751:Islam and Mormonism
2731:Gifts of the Spirit
2616:Community of Christ
2339:Extermination Order
1799:William E. M'Lellin
1686:B. H. Roberts, ed.
1389:Excelsior Springs,
1092:The Three Witnesses
1039:had shown them the
928:Tree of life vision
459:Samuel the Lamanite
3083:Mormon pornography
3052:Placement marriage
2991:Mormon blogosphere
2366:Mormon Reformation
2145:
1872:D. Michael Quinn,
1731:byustudies.byu.edu
1489:Tunbridge, Vermont
1463:Carthage, Illinois
1453:Tunbridge, Vermont
1424:14 September 1840
1362:Far West, Missouri
1322:22 September 1836
1308:27 September 1809
1302:Peter Whitmer, Jr.
1294:Richmond, Missouri
1206:Far West, Missouri
1174:Peter Whitmer, Jr.
923:Solomon Chamberlin
918:Secret combination
241:Amaleki (explorer)
3245:
3244:
3209:Reformed Egyptian
3131:Smith Family Farm
3045:Mormon folk music
3018:Mormon literature
2901:Pacific Islanders
2776:Plan of salvation
2701:Articles of Faith
2691:Adam–God doctrine
2596:LDS denominations
2581:Granville Hedrick
2576:William Bickerton
2498:Lectures on Faith
2409:William Bickerton
2344:Succession crisis
2294:Fundamental ideas
2253:
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2195:Peter Whitmer Jr.
2180:Christian Whitmer
2009:, November 2011;
1669:978-0-394-46967-6
1638:Reformed Egyptian
1524:Fayette, New York
1506:
1505:
1399:Joseph Smith, Sr.
1376:c. 1800 (Age 29)
1315:Fayette, New York
1254:27 November 1835
1234:Christian Whitmer
1186:Joseph Smith, Sr.
1166:Christian Whitmer
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903:Reformed Egyptian
868:Gadianton robbers
853:Curelom and cumom
172:Anti-Nephi-Lehies
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3116:Nauvoo, Illinois
3061:The Mormon Image
2896:Native Americans
2816:Son of perdition
2801:Second anointing
2741:Heavenly Parents
2716:Degrees of glory
2566:Joseph Smith III
2561:Wilford Woodruff
2385:Amboy Conference
2361:Mormon Battalion
2334:Church of Christ
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2170:Joseph Smith Sr.
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2060:search results:
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2023:, November 2003;
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908:Record of Zeniff
898:Urim and Thummim
782:Urim and Thummim
732:Killing of Laban
674:Waters of Mormon
669:Valley of Nimrod
379:Laman and Lemuel
271:Brother of Jared
236:Amaleki (scribe)
226:Alma the Younger
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2114:Three Witnesses
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2062:Three Witnesses
2054:Wayback Machine
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2011:Henry B. Eyring
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1974:Palmer, 212-13.
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1539:Critics of the
1537:
1532:
1517:
1511:
1509:Another witness
1471:Samuel H. Smith
1387:12 August 1852
1345:27 August 1809
1222:Place of birth
1155:Eight Witnesses
1151:
1149:Eight Witnesses
1145:
1143:Eight Witnesses
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1068:Eight Witnesses
1047:translated the
1029:Three Witnesses
1025:
1023:Three Witnesses
1019:
1017:Three Witnesses
1007:Eight Witnesses
1003:Three Witnesses
979:
939:
938:
937:
878:Monetary system
842:
834:
833:
832:
796:
788:
787:
786:
772:Plates of Nephi
761:
753:
752:
751:
747:Mosiah priority
696:
688:
687:
686:
684:
603:
593:
592:
563:Book of Helaman
548:Words of Mormon
513:
505:
504:
503:
190:
180:
179:
178:
134:
126:
125:
124:
113:Eight Witnesses
108:Three Witnesses
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3271:
3261:
3260:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:Anti-Mormonism
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3121:Salt Lake City
3118:
3113:
3108:
3106:Kirtland, Ohio
3103:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3070:
3068:Mormon studies
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3028:Mormon fiction
3025:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2836:Word of Wisdom
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2781:Premortal life
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2586:Alpheus Cutler
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2546:Oliver Cowdery
2543:
2542:
2541:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2510:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2456:Book of Mormon
2453:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2395:
2394:
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2392:
2387:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2122:Oliver Cowdery
2118:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2079:
2072:
2071:
2032:
1999:James E. Faust
1985:Dallin H. Oaks
1976:
1967:
1935:Pomeroy Tucker
1922:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1878:
1865:
1849:
1828:
1807:
1777:
1759:
1742:
1718:
1694:
1679:
1668:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1586:
1583:Book of Mormon
1579:
1572:
1565:John L. Brooke
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1513:Main article:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1482:13 March 1808
1480:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1401:
1395:
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1377:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1291:21 April 1856
1289:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1219:Date of birth
1217:
1215:
1147:Main article:
1144:
1141:
1132:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1111:
1110:
1106:Oliver Cowdery
1104:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1056:Oliver Cowdery
1049:Book of Mormon
1021:Main article:
1018:
1015:
999:Book of Mormon
981:
980:
978:
977:
970:
963:
955:
952:
951:
950:
949:
941:
940:
936:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
873:Lost 116 pages
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
844:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:
831:
830:
825:
818:
811:
804:
798:
797:
794:
793:
790:
789:
785:
784:
779:
774:
769:
763:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
698:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
664:Valley of Alma
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
605:
604:
599:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
588:Book of Moroni
585:
580:
578:Book of Mormon
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
553:Book of Mosiah
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
502:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
474:Three Nephites
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
364:King Mosiah II
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
339:Jaredite kings
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
276:Captain Moroni
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
221:Alma the Elder
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
192:
191:
186:
185:
182:
181:
177:
176:
175:
174:
164:
163:
162:
157:
152:
142:
136:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
123:
122:
117:
116:
115:
110:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
78:Oliver Cowdery
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
53:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
32:Book of Mormon
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3270:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:Theodemocracy
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3177:Golden plates
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:Mormon poetry
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2996:Mormon cinema
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:current state
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:Controversies
2843:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:Brigham Young
2554:
2552:
2551:Sidney Rigdon
2549:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2473:Book of Moses
2471:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2437:New Testament
2435:
2433:
2432:Old Testament
2430:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
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2276:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2262:
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2258:
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2233:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Jacob Whitmer
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2133:
2132:David Whitmer
2130:
2128:
2127:Martin Harris
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1888:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1811:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1786:Sidney Rigdon
1781:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1708:
1704:
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1660:
1652:
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1620:
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1606:
1605:
1595:
1594:buried plates
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1551:According to
1550:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1502:
1500:
1496:27 July 1844
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:27 June 1844
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:12 July 1771
1409:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:11 July 1878
1358:
1355:
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1328:
1326:
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1313:
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1307:
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1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1266:Jacob Whitmer
1264:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1232:
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1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:Jacob Whitmer
1167:
1163:
1162:golden plates
1160:
1156:
1150:
1135:
1134:David Whitmer
1129:
1121:
1120:Martin Harris
1115:
1107:
1101:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:David Whitmer
1061:
1060:Martin Harris
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:golden plates
1038:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:golden plates
992:
988:
976:
971:
969:
964:
962:
957:
956:
954:
953:
948:
945:
944:
943:
942:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
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876:
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871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
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851:
849:
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845:
838:
837:
829:
826:
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823:
819:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:
805:
803:
800:
799:
792:
791:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
757:
756:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
692:
691:
685:
680:
677:
675:
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670:
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662:
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650:
647:
645:
642:
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635:
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625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
602:
597:
596:
589:
586:
584:
583:Book of Ether
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
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541:
539:
538:Book of Jarom
536:
534:
531:
529:
528:Book of Jacob
526:
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521:
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359:King Mosiah I
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349:King Benjamin
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93:Martin Harris
91:
89:
88:David Whitmer
86:
84:
83:Sidney Rigdon
81:
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71:
69:
66:
64:
63:Golden plates
61:
59:
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55:
51:
46:
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41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
3224:Voree plates
3172:First Vision
3157:Bibliography
3152:Angel Moroni
3126:Sacred Grove
3040:Mormon music
2955:Universalism
2884:Civil rights
2874:Black people
2806:Spirit world
2736:Views on God
2706:Confirmation
2628:Bickertonite
2571:James Strang
2534:Joseph Smith
2420:Sacred texts
2216:Mary Whitmer
2190:John Whitmer
2105:
2066:
2045:
2035:
2028:
2018:
2006:
1997:, May 1999;
1992:
1979:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1925:
1917:
1912:
1907:Palmer, 179.
1903:
1894:
1886:
1881:
1873:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1802:
1780:
1770:
1762:
1752:
1745:
1734:. Retrieved
1730:
1721:
1710:. Retrieved
1706:
1697:
1687:
1682:
1673:
1658:
1651:
1590:James Strang
1538:
1518:
1515:Mary Whitmer
1497:
1483:
1470:
1461:
1447:
1434:
1425:
1411:
1398:
1388:
1369:
1360:
1346:
1334:John Whitmer
1333:
1323:
1309:
1301:
1292:
1278:
1265:
1255:
1241:
1233:
1201:Joseph Smith
1198:
1178:John Whitmer
1154:
1152:
1053:
1045:Joseph Smith
1028:
1026:
991:Joseph Smith
986:
984:
828:Translations
820:
813:
806:
702:Anachronisms
683:
573:Fourth Nephi
558:Book of Alma
543:Book of Omni
533:Book of Enos
523:Second Nephi
216:Angel Moroni
102:
68:Joseph Smith
2976:Jack Mormon
2933:archaeology
2918:LGBT people
2791:Restoration
2653:FLDS Church
2226:Lucy Harris
2165:Hyrum Smith
2056:. See also
1983:See, e.g.,
1797:founded by
1602:Apologetics
1597:authentic."
1557:seer stones
1435:Hyrum Smith
1225:Occupation
1190:Hyrum Smith
1043:from which
795:Adaptations
737:Linguistics
707:Archaeology
659:River Sidon
568:Third Nephi
518:First Nephi
98:Lucy Harris
2986:Mormon art
2906:Phrenology
2796:Revelation
2786:Priesthood
2726:Exaltation
2638:Hedrickite
2221:Emma Smith
2160:Hiram Page
1736:2019-12-28
1712:2019-12-28
1644:References
1576:Mark Twain
1569:empiricism
1545:Mark Twain
1384:Physician
1370:Hiram Page
1288:Shoemaker
1182:Hiram Page
246:Amalickiah
150:Amalekites
73:Emma Smith
2981:Lost boys
2971:Ex-Mormon
2711:Cosmology
2633:Strangite
2466:Criticism
2449:Criticism
2404:Rigdonite
2301:Mormonism
1965:, 2: 385.
1837:Dan Vogel
1662:. Knopf.
1535:Criticism
1530:Responses
1484:(Age 21)
1448:(Age 29)
1412:(Age 58)
1347:(Age 20)
1310:(Age 19)
1279:(Age 29)
1242:(Age 31)
717:Criticism
679:Zarahemla
629:Bountiful
624:Antiparah
614:Ammonihah
601:Geography
414:Moronihah
374:Lachoneus
354:King Noah
167:Lamanites
160:Zoramites
155:Amlicites
140:Jaredites
3252:Category
2923:Violence
2852:Polygamy
2371:Utah War
2050:Archived
1825:(2): 155
1616:See also
1391:Missouri
1005:and the
727:Genetics
695:Analysis
619:Ani-Anti
479:Zedekiah
251:Aminadab
145:Nephites
24:a series
22:Part of
3140:Related
3101:Cumorah
2964:Culture
2911:Slavery
2826:Tithing
2821:Temples
2609:outline
2539:outline
2461:outline
2326:History
2243:
2020:Liahona
1929:Vogel,
1790:Danites
1561:rodsman
1493:Farmer
1380:Vermont
1356:Farmer
1319:Tailor
858:Deseret
767:Liahona
760:Objects
644:Jershon
639:Cumorah
484:Zeezrom
469:Teancum
444:Paanchi
324:Ishmael
319:Helaman
311:Gazelem
281:Cezoram
256:Ammoron
201:Abinadi
188:Persons
133:Peoples
58:Cumorah
3094:Places
2938:origin
2862:origin
2696:Agency
2007:Ensign
1994:Ensign
1666:
1228:Death
1192:; and
1076:Shaker
1072:church
1062:, and
634:Cumeni
499:Zenock
494:Zeniff
454:Sariah
404:Moroni
399:Mormon
384:Lamoni
344:Joseph
315:Gideon
266:Amulek
50:Origin
26:on the
3199:Kolob
2427:Bible
2058:FARMS
1608:book.
1214:Name
1037:angel
841:Other
654:Nahom
649:Moron
512:Books
434:Omner
429:Nehor
424:Nephi
419:Mulek
409:Moron
394:Limhi
369:Laban
334:Jared
329:Jacob
306:Ether
261:Ammah
231:Akish
211:Ammon
206:Abish
196:Aaron
2869:Race
2041:FAIR
1664:ISBN
1153:The
1027:The
985:The
609:List
464:Shiz
439:Omni
389:Lehi
301:Enos
1963:EMD
1959:EMD
1955:EMD
1951:EMD
1947:EMD
1943:EMD
1845:EMD
1501:.
1259:.
449:Sam
3254::
2027:,
2017:,
2013:,
2005:,
2001:,
1991:,
1987:,
1937:,
1859:,
1839:,
1823:38
1821:,
1769:,
1729:.
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