263:. Thus, in order to determine the essence of religion, the scholar cannot just observe a religion at one moment in time but must observe how a religion has developed throughout history. Bleeker proposed that the lifecycles of individual religions could be analysed to assess their entelechy, and the entelechy of religion in general. Ancient religions—such as those of
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allows the scholar to observe the essence of religion unfolding in particular religious traditions throughout history. As the cycle unfolds through history, each iteration of religion becomes stronger and more mature; as a result
Bleeker believed that modern religion is the most complete and mature.
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concepts only figuratively. The epoché is the scholar's suspension of judgement concerning the truth of religious claims, the eidetic vision is the search for the essence of religion, and intuition is the means by which the scholar recognises religion's essence in its empirical manifestations. Using
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Bleeker was one of the foremost scholars of phenomenology of religion in the twentieth century. For
Bleeker, phenomenology of religion is a decidedly non-theological task which does not by design promote religion or religious causes. Phenomenology of religion on Bleeker's view has a descriptive and
191:. That is, phenomenology of religion should not just be concerned with describing or categorising religious experiences but should, on the basis of the former, seek to discover the essence of human religion and its fundamental structures. Following the thought of
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these methods, Bleeker concluded that "the divine" is the key word of religion: the structure of all religion involves a relation of the human to
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Specialising in the religion of
Ancient Egypt, Bleeker produced a number of studies of individual Egyptian deities—including the goddess
199:, the eidetic vision, and intuitive insight—although he maintained that the epoché and the eidetic vision were related to the original
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from 1925 to 1946. In 1946, Bleeker was appointed
Professor of the History of Religions and the Phenomenology of Religion at the
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refers to the "strict inner laws" by which the essential structures of a religion are related to one another. While both
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49:. His approach to religious studies was non-reductive, comparative and historical. Influenced by the approach of
255:, that a thing's essence can be realised by its manifestation. Aristotle's classic example of entelechy is an
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to phenomenology of religion, arguing that the essence of religion is realised as it unfolds through history.
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allows the phenomenologist to discover the essential structures within specific religious practices, while
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is not just present in specific religious traditions but in the phenomenon of human religion as a whole.
117:, where he remained until retiring in 1969. Between 1950 and 1970, Bleeker was secretary-general of the
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A Guide to the
Phenomenology of Religion: Key Figures, Formative Influences and Subsequent Debates
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A Guide to the
Phenomenology of Religion: Key Figures, Formative Influences and Subsequent Debates
159:—along with work on Egyptian religious life. His best known work in this field is the two volume
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271:—have observable lifecycles. They were born, matured, and died out, with new religions (such as
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To the Things
Themselves: Essays on the Discourse and Practice of the Phenomenology of Religion
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in 1929 and was
Professor of the History of Religions and the Phenomenology of Religion at the
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from the
University of Leiden in 1929, writing his doctoral thesis on the Egyptian goddess
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built upon the ideas of previous phenomenologists (in particular, van der Leeuw),
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interpretative task which aims to understand the experience of religion without
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Allen, Douglas (2005). "Phenomenology of
Religion". In Hinnells, John (ed.).
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279:) innovating while incorporating aspects of these older religions. Thus,
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was Bleeker's own contribution to the discipline. This incorporated the
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For Bleeker, phenomenological inquiry comprises three main aspects:
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Waardenburg, Jacques (1984). "C. Jouco Bleeker (1898–1983)".
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26:. Born in Beneden Knijpe, Netherlands, Bleeker received his
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187:. The most important task of phenomenology for Bleeker is
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International Association for the History of Religions
482:. London: T & T International. pp. 131–136.
401:. London: T & T International. pp. 126–131.
555:Reformed Churches Christians from the Netherlands
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310:Eliade, Mircea, ed. (1987). "Bleeker, C. Jouco".
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427:The Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion
429:. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis. p. 194.
208:or the Holy, which produces specific religious
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127:was produced in his honour in 1969, entitled
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365:"In Memoriam: C. Jouco Bleeker (1898–1983)"
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81:. While at Leiden, Bleeker specialised in
16:Dutch reformed priest and religion scholar
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65:Bleeker was born in Beneden Knijpe (now
38:from 1946 until his retirement in 1969.
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93:. From Leiden, he went to study at the
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454:. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 69–72.
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163:(1969, 1971), which he co-edited with
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41:Bleeker specialised in the history of
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47:phenomenology of religion
43:Ancient Egyptian religion
530:Leiden University alumni
525:Dutch religion academics
91:William Brede Kristensen
22:(1898–1983) was a Dutch
450:Sharma, Arvind (2015).
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115:University of Amsterdam
97:, before receiving his
36:University of Amsterdam
550:Dutch Christian clergy
478:Cox, James L. (2006).
397:Cox, James L. (2006).
314:. New York: Macmillan.
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111:Dutch Reformed Church
73:before attending the
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193:Gerard van der Leeuw
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87:history of religions
75:University of Leiden
51:Gerard van der Leeuw
32:University of Leiden
545:Dutch Egyptologists
161:Historia Religionum
24:scholar of religion
20:Claas Jouco Bleeker
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225:entelecheia
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504:Categories
375:(2): 130.
292:References
201:Husserlian
177:psychology
83:Egyptology
71:Leeuwarden
350:161405757
253:entelechy
181:sociology
77:to study
61:Biography
55:entelechy
30:from the
28:doctorate
261:oak tree
251:idea of
173:reducing
107:minister
85:and the
79:Theology
67:De Knipe
381:3270059
237:theoria
229:Theoria
217:theoria
210:rituals
189:eidetic
109:in the
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433:
405:
379:
348:
223:, and
197:epoché
377:JSTOR
369:Numen
346:S2CID
277:Islam
257:acorn
241:logos
233:logos
221:logos
183:, or
484:ISBN
456:ISBN
431:ISBN
403:ISBN
239:and
153:Maat
145:Maat
135:Work
121:. A
103:Maat
338:doi
275:or
206:God
157:Min
99:ThD
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