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strategy for heads-up limit Texas hold'em, as an optimal counter-strategy to
Cepheus can only win 0.000986 big blinds per game on expectation (to go from "essentially" solving the game to just "solving" the game, one has to reduce this expected loss to precisely 0 big blinds per game). However,
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0.000986 big blinds per game on expectation means that even if someone played against
Cepheus for a lifetime, this person will not be able to say, with statistical significance, that they have won.
34:. This was the first imperfect information game played competitively by humans to be essentially solved. It was developed by the Computer Poker Research Group (CPRG) at the
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Bowling, Michael; Burch, Neil; Johanson, Michael; Tammelin, Oskari (Jan 2015). "Heads-up limit hold'em poker is solved".
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and was introduced in
January 2015 in a paper entitled "Heads-up limit hold’em poker is solved", published in
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Public web access to observe and play against
Cepheus is available.
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Association for the
Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
185:"Poker Computer Takes the Pot [audio interview]"
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University of
Alberta Computer Poker Research Group
166:"Computer Conquers Texas Hold 'Em, Researchers Say"
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26:playing program that "essentially weakly
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59:Cepheus' strategy is very close to a
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164:Hotz, Robert Lee (2015-01-08).
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30:" the game of heads-up limit
123:"Game Theorists Crack Poker"
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183:Bob McDonald (2015-01-10).
121:Ball, Philip (2015-01-08).
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136:10.1038/nature.2015.16683
52:, Michael Johanson, and
234:10.1126/science.1259433
77:Artificial Intelligence
302:Computer poker players
87:Computer poker players
280:Cepheus Poker Project
36:University of Alberta
16:Poker playing program
216:2015Sci...347..145B
189:Quirks & Quarks
170:Wall Street Journal
153:– via Nature.
101:Polaris (poker bot)
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61:Nash equilibrium
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54:Oskari Tammelin
46:Michael Bowling
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264:"Play Cepheus"
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148:. Retrieved
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191:(Podcast).
150:2015-01-13
109:References
50:Neil Burch
220:CiteSeerX
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296:Category
242:25574016
96:Claudico
71:See also
288:website
282:website
250:3796371
212:Bibcode
204:Science
41:Science
20:Cepheus
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127:Nature
28:solved
246:S2CID
141:S2CID
24:poker
238:PMID
230:doi
208:347
131:doi
44:by
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