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floor and another battling the computer in an isolation room, with the hole cards reversed. This was done to ensure that card luck was not a factor in the outcome. The 80,000-hand sample represented the largest-ever human–computer data set. Claudico was able to adjust to its opponent's strategy as the matches progressed, just as the humans could. The match winner was determined by the overall chip count after 80,000 hands; although individual results were kept for the four pros, they were competing as a single team. If the final chip count had been too close for the difference to be statistically meaningful, the match would be declared a draw.
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732,713 chips. Polk finished up 213,000, Li won 529,000, Kim beat
Claudico by 70,000, and Les finished down 80,000. A total of 170 million chips were bet over the 80,000 hands. Polk said Claudico had played well in spots, but also made some bad plays. Overall, it played very differently than humans. "Where a human might place a bet worth half or three-quarters of the pot, Claudico would sometimes bet a miserly 10 percent or an over-the-top 1,000 percent", he explained. "Betting $ 19,000 to win a $ 700 pot just isn't something that a person would do".
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Each day featured two 750-hand matches over eight hours (plus breaks) against each of the humans, for a total of 20,000 hands per player over the course of 13 days (with one rest day in the middle). For each 750-hand set, the same hands were dealt to one human taking on
Claudico on the main casino
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Entering the event, Sandholm estimated that
Claudico had a 50/50 chance to win. Polk, however, was confident the humans had the edge. He acknowledged that computers would likely surpass human play eventually, but said, "I hope we can make them go a few more rounds after this before they do, like
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In explaining his motivation for designing the bot, Sandholm said, "Poker is now a benchmark for artificial intelligence research, just as chess once was. It's a game of exceeding complexity that requires a machine to make decisions based on incomplete and often misleading information, thanks to
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The blinds were 50 and 100 chips for every hand, and both the human's and computer's chip stack were reset to 20,000 at the beginning of each hand. Halfway through the match, the human team was ahead 458,000 chips versus
Claudico. The humans went on to increase their lead, winning the match by
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into a hand without raising—a strategy the bot employs often. Rather than have a professional poker player attempt to explain his strategy to the programming team, Sandholm had the computer attempt to devise the best strategy on its own. The task was so complicated that it required a
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The tournament carried a $ 100,000 prize pool, funded by Rivers Casino and
Microsoft. The casino set up stands and video screens for the public to watch the action live. Additionally, the matches were broadcast online via
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did". He said his strategy would "change more so than when playing against human players ... I think there will be less hand reading so to speak, and mind games".
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241:"Brains vs. AI: Poker's Top Heads-Up Pros Take on Computer Program in Two Week Challenge"
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70:, a version of the program won a July 2014 tournament against other computer programs.
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338:"Man Proves Greater Than Machine: Players Win $ 732,713 Against Bot "Claudico""
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77:. Like Claudico, Libratus is designed to compete against top human players.
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and his graduate students. The name means "I limp" in Latin, a reference to
357:"Man vs. Machine: Pros Ahead of "Claudico" Over $ 450,000 After Seven Days"
208:"Who's got the upper hand? Poker computer program pits man against machine"
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283:"Brains vs. AI: Computer faces poker pros in no-limit Texas Hold'em"
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From April 24 to May 8, 2015, Claudico participated in an event at
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93:, Pennsylvania. The bot faced each of four top human opponents—
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Blacklight supercomputer with 16 terabytes of RAM to complete.
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Artificial intelligence poker playing computer program
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81:2015 match against four human players
308:"Brains Vs. Artificial Intelligence"
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404:Carnegie Mellon University software
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383:Brains Vs. Artificial Intelligence
377:Brains Vs. Artificial Intelligence
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385:official website at Rivers Casino
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281:Marilyn Malara (April 25, 2015).
206:Sean D. Hamill (April 24, 2015).
239:Tim Fiorvanti (April 24, 2015).
53:Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
310:. Rivers Casino. Archived from
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336:Jason Glatzer (May 11, 2015).
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355:Jason Glatzer (May 4, 2015).
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38:Claudico was designed by
379:official website at CMU
212:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
24:artificial-intelligence
399:Computer poker players
153:Computer poker players
128:Poker Night in America
177:Pluribus (poker bot)
314:on February 3, 2016
167:Polaris (poker bot)
162:Cepheus (poker bot)
63:and other decoys".
123:CBS Sports Network
66:Originally called
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393:Categories
361:Poker News
342:Poker News
185:References
91:Pittsburgh
59:bluffing,
42:professor
30:heads-up.
318:April 26,
289:April 26,
255:April 26,
217:April 26,
107:Doug Polk
99:Jason Les
68:Tartanian
61:slow play
172:Libratus
147:See also
137:Kasparov
103:Bjorn Li
95:Dong Kim
75:Libratus
20:Claudico
48:limping
34:History
119:Twitch
105:, and
22:is an
285:. UPI
245:Bluff
320:2015
291:2015
257:2015
219:2015
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