839:(WCSC): to become a GM, a solver must score at least 90 percent of the winner's points and on each occasion finish in at least tenth place three times within ten successive WCSCs. For the IM title they must score at least 80 percent of the winner's points and each time finish in at least fifteenth place twice within five successive WCSCs; alternatively, winning a single WCSC or scoring as many points as the winner in a single WCSC will earn the IM title. For the FM title, the solver must score at least 75 percent of the winner's points and each time finish within the top 40 percent of participants in any two PCCC-approved solving competitions.
826:. These albums are collections of the best problems and studies composed in a particular three-year period, as selected by FIDE-appointed judges. Each problem published in an album is worth 1 point; each study is worth 1â…”; joint compositions are worth the same divided by the number of composers. For the FIDE Master title, a composer must accumulate 12 points; for the International Master title, 25 points are needed; and for the Grandmaster title, a composer must have 70 points.
31:
3132:
281:), achieving the required number of tournament performances ("norms") at a certain level, or featuring prominently in the country's national championship. In some cases, it may extend to honorary titles awarded to (for example) prominent chess administrators, business patrons or politicians. Since the introduction of the
645:
was later discontinued, and players who had or were subsequently granted the title on the 300-game basis were renamed "Original Life
Masters." In practice, the distinction is rarely made. Original Life Masters had to play 300 games as a Master without going below 2200 in their rating or the count would start over again.
154:(GM) is the highest title a chess player can attain. The usual way for a player to qualify for the Grandmaster title is by achieving a FIDE rating of 2500 at one time and three favorable results in tournaments (called norms) involving other Grandmasters, including some from countries other than the applicant's.
580:
The first USCF rating list was published in
December 1950. On that list, experts were players rated from 2100 to 2300 and masters were players rated from 2300 to 2500. However, within a few years, it was discovered that the ratings were rapidly deflating. As a result, the classifications were dropped
648:
As the name of this title implies, this title is held for life, regardless of any subsequent decrease in rating. Thus, it is possible to have a player with a USCF rating of 2100 (or below) who is a Life Master, although this is uncommon for 'Original Life
Masters' (since such a rating floor can only
617:
In the United States, the title of "National Master" is awarded for life, regardless of whether the rating of a
National Master subsequently goes below 2200. In August 2002, this position was codified (after being recognized as the existing status quo) by the USCF Policy Board with the passage of a
552:
The title of chess expert is not awarded for life. Every time a tournament chess player plays a game, their rating goes up or down depending on the game's outcome and on how strong their opponent is. If the rating of a chess expert falls below 2000, they are not a chess expert any more (though they
644:
During the 1990s, the USCF also awarded a "Life Master" title on the basis of a different and more complex system that was similar to the FIDE 'norm system' of awarding titles. This method of attaining Life Master became officially recognized by the USCF on
January 1, 1996. The "class norm" system
564:
It is possible (and common), however, for players in the United States to have a rating that places them in the 'expert' category while still retaining the title of 'Life Master' or 'National Master'. The title of 'master' is awarded to anyone meeting the criteria laid down by the USCF, including
544:
from 2000 to 2199. Players rated above that are masters, while players below that are class players. Approximately 50,000 chess players have USCF ratings, of which approximately 2,500 are rated 2000 or better. Thus, chess experts are in the top 5% of all USCF tournament chess players. Since 2008,
589:
System. There have been continuous adjustments to that system ever since, with the primary purpose of stabilizing the rating system against the forces of inflation and deflation, so that a chess expert today will be approximately the same strength as a chess expert was twenty or forty years ago.
593:
This information stated here also applies in Canada, under the auspices of the
Canadian Federation of Chess (CFC), with one difference being that Class E encompasses all players rated under 1200. Similar class distinctions may apply in other national chess federations as well.
1221:
661:
awards the title of
National Master to players who achieve a national rating of 2200, and three tournament performances ("norms") of 2300 or more. It also awards National Woman Master and National Candidate Master titles at 2000 rating, with three norms of 2100 or more.
618:
motion stating "Any USCF member who has had a regular post tournament rating of 2200 or higher (published or not) has demonstrated a significant level of chess ability and is recognized by being automatically awarded the lifetime title of
National Master."
678:
of 2200, standardplay. The player must maintain an average listed rating at, or above, the minimum rating for a period of 12 months, with a total game count of 30 games or more in the 12-month qualifying period. It also awards a number of lesser titles.
723:
and a few other tournaments. 100 points are required for the title of
National Master, and 40 points for the title of Candidate Master. As of 31 January 2013, 22 players hold the National Master title, the majority of whom also have FIDE titles.
867:—these are equivalent to similar titles awarded by FIDE for over-the-board chess. The ICCF also runs the World Correspondence Chess Championships. Because these events can last a long time, they may overlap: for instance, in February 2005
253:
There are no norms required for any of the arena titles, however the player must maintain a FIDE online rating of at least the minimum required for at least 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games consecutively.
216:
For every above title, there are alternative ways of attaining it by performing at or near the top of certain high-level tournaments. For example, the GM title is awarded to the person winning the World Junior
Championship.
577:, the title of 'Master' is awarded for life. Players with a rating below 2200, but who have earned the title of 'National Master' or 'Life Master', are, according to the USCF, still referred to as 'masters'.
834:
For solvers, the GM (International Solving Grandmaster) and IM titles were both first awarded in 1982; the FM title followed in 1997. GM and IM titles can only be gained by participating in the official
871:
was declared winner of the eighteenth Championship (which began in June 2003), though the winner of the seventeenth Championship (which began in March 2002) had not yet been determined.
778:) for especially distinguished problem and study composers and solvers. (Unlike in over-the-board chess, however, there are no women-only equivalents to these titles in problem chess.)
111:
was applied informally, being simply a matter of popular acclaim. Strong players demonstrated their strength in play, and gained the informal reputation of being chess masters.
114:
As chess became more widespread in the latter half of the 19th century, the term began to be given out by organizations. One of the most prestigious events of the time was the
983:"B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 January 2023 / FIDE Handbook"
273:
award titles such as "National Master" (NM). National chess federations are free to set whatever standards they want for such titles, which are not recognized by
771:
795:
56:
governing body and bestowed upon players based on their performance and rank. Such titles are usually granted for life. The international chess governing body
614:
during tournament play. The USCF also awards the Life Master title to anyone who holds a 2200 rating for a total of 300 or more games in his or her lifetime.
285:(FM) title in 1978, some federations such as those of Ireland and Germany have ceased awarding National Master titles, apparently regarding them as obsolete.
822:) and the FM title (first awarded 1990) has been determined on the basis of the number of problems or studies a composer had selected for publication in the
64:; many national chess federations also grant titles such as "National Master". More broadly, the term "master" can refer to any highly skilled chess player.
707:, the requirements were changed to a rating-based system some time during the 1980s, but the title was not held in high regard and is no longer awarded.
1245:
277:. Standards for "Master" titles in different countries vary, but are usually based on criteria such as achieving a certain rating (typically about 2200
1678:
819:
791:
1289:
885:
294:
811:
803:
806:
being the first honorary recipients. In subsequent years, qualification for the IM title, as well as for the GM title (first awarded in 1972 to
553:
retain the title of Candidate Master, if it was earned according to the criteria above). This is in contrast to international titles awarded by
864:
1165:
860:
799:
687:
Up until 1991, the Irish Chess Federation awarded the title of Irish National Master to 15 players. The title has since fallen into disuse.
189:(WIM) Requires a minimum rating of 2200 and three norms, while the requirements of achieving a norm are lowered compared to the WGM title.
84:
305:
were considered for the title, and fewer than 100 awards were made altogether. The majority of these players also qualified for the FIDE
160:(IM). Requires a minimum rating of 2400 and three norms, while the requirements of achieving a norm are lowered compared to the GM title.
2912:
749:
1083:
848:
2464:
907:
699:
using a points based system, in which players were required to score 100 points from performances in major tournaments such as the
1265:
2927:
2887:
2907:
1138:"Meeting Minutes – Board of Directors Meeting – August 2002", United States Chess Federation, PO Box 3967, Crossville, TN 38557
1329:
557:, which are awarded for life. In European countries the term "expert" is not used. Instead, players of that level are called "
2902:
1215:
939:
1352:
1205:
2454:
1184:
610:
of 2200, and the title of Senior Master to anyone who achieves a USCF rating of 2400 along with certain performance-based
549:
in tournaments and also hold a rating above 2000. Like the title of Master, Candidate Master titles are awarded for life.
76:
is a player of such skill that they can usually beat most amateurs. Among chess players, the term is often abbreviated to
2847:
2710:
2695:
2459:
2985:
2450:
2445:
1033:
965:
1773:
95:", the requirements for which were increasingly formalized over the years. In 1978, FIDE created the lesser title of "
2922:
2822:
2715:
2680:
210:
130:
or "reserve" event was entitled to compete in the premiere event in the next congress, with a chance to achieve the
2892:
2882:
2800:
2685:
1435:
1430:
836:
2877:
2867:
1383:
293:
In the Soviet Union, the Master title was conferred by the federal government and was connected to the title of
2872:
2862:
2857:
1520:
1482:
1150:
1097:
720:
631:
603:
533:
322:
87:(FIDE), saw the creation of titles superior to the "national master" titles. In 1950, FIDE created the titles "
126:, i.e. to win at least one third of the games in the premiere tournament at a DSB Congress. The winner of the
3007:
2917:
2852:
2428:
2190:
1741:
740:. As of 11 April 2023, 7 players hold the National Master title, the majority of whom also have FIDE titles.
700:
581:
by 100 points so that since then experts were rated between 2000 and 2200. In 1960, the USCF adopted the new
2266:
1746:
1006:
737:
716:
3021:
2970:
2675:
696:
1242:
3094:
3072:
2980:
2965:
2624:
2576:
2571:
2561:
2229:
1907:
1751:
658:
925:
107:
From the beginning of recorded chess, to the establishment of the first chess organizations, the term
3026:
2960:
2810:
2705:
2700:
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1296:
302:
3002:
2975:
2817:
2534:
1927:
1922:
1879:
1778:
671:
1613:
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is given to individuals considered capable of judging composing tournaments at the highest level.
3111:
2636:
2301:
931:
1647:
2690:
2619:
1917:
1763:
1668:
1513:
1445:
586:
270:
786:
For composition, the title of Grandmaster for chess composition was established in 1959, with
719:
awards the title of National Master using a points-based system, based on performances in the
3162:
2827:
2750:
2631:
2331:
2326:
2013:
1736:
1695:
1477:
545:
USCF has also awarded Candidate Master titles to players that achieve five performance-based
176:
The titles listed above are open to men and women. Separate women-only titles are available:
561:", although the FIDE Candidate Master title generally requires a higher rating (2200 FIDE).
2539:
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8:
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2018:
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1496:
1491:
1418:
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574:
310:
206:
150:
88:
61:
34:
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904:
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2740:
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1553:
1258:
1248:
2013-10-22 at Wikiwix. Chessexpress.blogspot.com (2009-06-07). Retrieved on 2013-10-23.
1148:
CFC Titleholders | The Chess Federation of Canada - La Fédération Canadienne des Échecs
675:
3082:
2955:
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2651:
2603:
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1634:
1595:
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1211:
935:
868:
807:
638:
607:
582:
278:
221:
220:
FIDE also awards titles for "lower-band" players, regardless of gender, through the
3077:
2950:
2792:
2735:
2641:
2591:
2440:
2386:
2381:
2371:
2286:
2207:
2197:
2173:
2140:
1712:
1626:
1400:
1321:
815:
558:
298:
24:
3042:
3016:
2837:
2832:
2782:
2720:
2524:
2499:
2484:
2281:
2239:
2222:
2123:
2041:
2003:
1981:
1966:
1897:
1874:
1833:
1828:
1707:
1690:
1530:
1344:
1188:
1169:
1037:
969:
911:
258:
2306:
2217:
1181:
905:
FIDE Handbook: Chess Rules. 1.0. Requirements for the titles designated in 0.31.
787:
3141:
3057:
2805:
2646:
2509:
2504:
2341:
2336:
2202:
2160:
2130:
1959:
1902:
1790:
1758:
1724:
1717:
1702:
1663:
1658:
1585:
1580:
1425:
1369:
37:
695:
The title of Australian Master was introduced in 1959, and was awarded by the
3156:
3116:
3106:
3089:
2762:
2745:
2667:
2556:
2514:
2494:
2276:
2258:
2249:
2212:
2145:
2068:
2053:
2008:
1991:
1986:
1976:
1808:
1570:
1508:
1201:
755:
1030:
982:
962:
3136:
3062:
3047:
2777:
2598:
2581:
2489:
2423:
2366:
2361:
2093:
2088:
2028:
1971:
1862:
1818:
1590:
1575:
1565:
1501:
1467:
1440:
1408:
1122:
1058:
635:
611:
546:
115:
703:
and state championships. According to Australian chess player and arbiter
30:
2411:
2401:
2150:
2113:
1996:
1607:
1602:
1560:
880:
704:
606:(USCF) awards the Title of National Master to anyone who achieves a USCF
566:
282:
143:
96:
20:
863:
awards the titles International Master, Senior International Master and
3052:
2108:
1944:
1934:
1867:
1851:
1543:
823:
325:
currently gives a national title for achieving a 2200 rating (master):
1614:
3067:
2391:
2351:
1954:
1949:
1838:
1813:
1538:
1029:
Players who maintain a 2200 rating over 300 games are "Life Masters"
2945:
1101:
2755:
1798:
961:
Current FIDE lists of top players with their titles are online at
736:
awards the title of National Master, based on performances in the
1472:
649:
be dropped by the USCF itself), who have a floor rating of 2200.
641:
of over 2200 for at least 300 USCF-rated tournament chess games.
19:"Chess master" redirects here. For the Ubisoft application, see
1939:
1147:
201:(WCM) Requires a minimum rating of 2000. No norms are required.
195:(WFM) Requires a minimum rating of 2100. No norms are required.
172:(CM). Requires a minimum rating of 2200. No norms are required.
166:(FM). Requires a minimum rating of 2300. No norms are required.
674:
awards the title of National Master to players who achieve an
1392:
627:
537:
53:
49:
122:
in 1876. The DSB's standard for the title of Master was the
1457:
924:
Hooper, David & Whyld, Kenneth (1996). "Hauptturnier".
886:
International Correspondence Chess Federation § Titles
554:
274:
57:
565:
having once been rated over 2200. Like the FIDE titles of
1153:
2013-10-24 at Wikiwix. Chess.ca. Retrieved on 2013-10-23.
3131:
1361:
1163:
Master Points System « The English Chess Federation
1007:"What is the FOA Title? | FIDE Online Arena Help Center"
733:
183:(WGM) Requires a minimum rating of 2300 and three norms.
60:
grants several titles, the most prestigious of which is
301:
in 1934. Only players who featured prominently in the
1210:(2nd ed.). London: Robert Hale Ltd. p. 33.
249:(ACM). Requires a minimum online FIDE rating of 1100.
243:(AFM). Requires a minimum online FIDE rating of 1400.
237:(AIM). Requires a minimum online FIDE rating of 1700.
231:(AGM). Requires a minimum online FIDE rating of 2000.
861:
International Correspondence Chess Federation (ICCF)
1098:"701. C.F.C. Rating System & FIDE Rated Events"
634:(USCF). To be awarded this title, one must hold a
297:. The first chess player to receive the title was
3154:
1259:"New Zealand Chess Federation titles and awards"
102:
1172:. Englishchess.org.uk. Retrieved on 2013-10-23.
865:International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster
120:Deutscher Schachbund (German Chess Federation)
1377:
1200:
923:
83:The establishment of the world chess body,
1384:
1370:
1290:"N.Z. Master points as at 31 January 2013"
776:Permanent Commission for Chess Composition
750:List of grandmasters for chess composition
1243:chessexpress: The Australian Master Title
849:International Judge of Chess Compositions
23:. For the Chinese novel by Ah Cheng, see
1059:"US Chess Title System, Update Feb 2016"
29:
854:
67:
3155:
1365:
987:International Chess Federation (FIDE)
743:
532:Chess expert is a title given by the
1224:from the original on 14 October 2013
85:Fédération Internationale des Échecs
1342:
1319:
754:Just as in over-the-board play, in
211:women have also earned the GM title
13:
1191:. Icu.ie. Retrieved on 2013-10-23.
1048:The USCF has a rating floor of 100
264:
14:
3174:
3130:
2801:List of strong chess tournaments
1355:from the original on 2007-10-25.
1332:from the original on 2009-07-19.
1123:"US Chess Title System Feb 2016"
1086:from the original on 2013-03-08.
837:World Chess Solving Championship
316:
1774:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
1336:
1313:
1282:
1271:from the original on 2013-10-29
1251:
1236:
1194:
1175:
1156:
1141:
1132:
1115:
1090:
288:
16:Title bestowed on a chessplayer
1068:
1051:
1042:
1023:
999:
975:
955:
917:
897:
721:New Zealand Chess Championship
710:
632:United States Chess Federation
621:
604:United States Chess Federation
534:United States Chess Federation
137:
1:
2899:Computer chess championships
1322:"Rules for the WCSC and ECSC"
927:The Oxford companion to chess
891:
701:Australian Chess Championship
103:Early use of the master title
972:. Retrieved 11 December 2006
781:
770:are awarded by FIDE via the
738:Dominican Chess Championship
717:New Zealand Chess Federation
690:
257:FIDE also awards titles for
7:
2676:Bishop and knight checkmate
874:
697:Australian Chess Federation
10:
3179:
2844:Other world championships
1207:The encyclopaedia of chess
914:Retrieved 9 December 2006.
829:
747:
734:Dominican Chess Federation
682:
665:
659:Chess Federation of Canada
271:national chess federations
235:Arena International Master
187:Woman International Master
141:
18:
3125:
3035:
2938:
2791:
2686:Opposite-coloured bishops
2666:
2612:
2475:
2317:
2257:
2248:
2159:
2027:
1888:
1789:
1625:
1529:
1399:
1391:
842:
760:International Grandmaster
652:
597:
536:(USCF). It is awarded to
408:
303:Soviet Chess Championship
118:, first organised by the
2818:World Chess Championship
1779:World Chess Hall of Fame
903:World Chess Federation.
672:English Chess Federation
3112:Simultaneous exhibition
3022:Chess newspaper columns
2711:Rook and bishop vs rook
2696:Queen and pawn vs queen
968:April 30, 2008, at the
932:Oxford University Press
910:March 15, 2008, at the
585:replacing the original
414:USCF rating categories
2562:Richter–Veresov Attack
2550:Queen's Indian Defence
1345:"International judges"
1011:support.chessarena.com
247:Arena Candidate Master
199:Woman Candidate Master
41:
2828:Candidates Tournament
2716:Rook and pawn vs rook
2681:King and pawn vs king
2632:List of chess gambits
2535:King's Indian Defence
2213:Isolated Queen's Pawn
1737:List of chess players
1679:Top player comparison
1478:Internet chess server
1182:Irish National Master
1100:. CFC. Archived from
630:title awarded by the
33:
2540:Nimzo-Indian Defence
2436:Scandinavian Defense
2397:Semi-Italian Opening
2302:King's Indian Attack
2191:first-move advantage
1844:Threefold repetition
1769:Bobby Fischer Center
1654:Charlemagne chessmen
1648:Göttingen manuscript
1612:
1453:Correspondence chess
1104:on February 25, 2009
855:Correspondence chess
796:Alexander Gerbstmann
764:International Master
571:International Master
307:International Master
158:International Master
93:International Master
68:Over-the-board chess
2773:Two knights endgame
2520:Bogo-Indian Defence
2407:Two Knights Defense
2347:Nimzowitsch Defence
2037:Artificial castling
1674:Soviet chess school
1549:Dubrovnik chess set
415:
207:Nona Gaprindashvili
3003:endgame literature
2545:Old Indian Defense
2455:Accelerated Dragon
2327:Alekhine's Defence
2059:Checkmate patterns
1928:symbols in Unicode
1923:annotation symbols
1686:Geography of chess
1554:Staunton chess set
1187:2013-10-21 at the
1168:2013-10-15 at the
1036:2013-03-08 at the
744:Chess compositions
728:Dominican Republic
413:
181:Woman Grand Master
42:
3150:
3149:
3027:Chess periodicals
2956:Chess in the arts
2888:Chess composition
2726:Philidor position
2662:
2661:
2604:Trompowsky Attack
2587:Semi-Slav Defence
2477:Queen's Pawn Game
2357:Four Knights Game
2332:Caro–Kann Defence
2297:Zukertort Opening
2084:Discovered attack
1804:Cheating in chess
1641:Versus de scachis
1349:www.saunalahti.fi
1326:www.saunalahti.fi
1217:978-0-7091-4697-1
941:978-0-1928-0049-7
869:Joop van Oosterom
808:Genrikh Kasparyan
626:Life Master is a
583:Elo rating system
559:Candidate Masters
530:
529:
404:
403:
365:Candidate Master
241:Arena FIDE Master
229:Arena Grandmaster
222:FIDE Online Arena
193:Woman FIDE Master
3170:
3137:Chess portal
3135:
3134:
3078:Leela Chess Zero
3009:Oxford Companion
2961:early literature
2951:Chess aesthetics
2691:Pawnless endgame
2642:Bongcloud Attack
2620:List of openings
2592:Chigorin Defense
2530:GrĂĽnfeld Defence
2441:Sicilian Defence
2387:Ponziani Opening
2382:Philidor Defence
2377:Petrov's Defence
2319:King's Pawn Game
2292:Larsen's Opening
2255:
2254:
1616:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1343:Harkola, Hannu.
1340:
1334:
1333:
1320:Harkola, Hannu.
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1295:. Archived from
1294:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1249:
1240:
1234:
1233:
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1229:
1198:
1192:
1179:
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1130:
1129:
1127:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
993:
979:
973:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
921:
915:
901:
820:Eeltje Visserman
816:Comins Mansfield
792:Arnoldo Ellerman
416:
412:
330:
329:
299:Peter Romanovsky
170:Candidate Master
25:The Chess Master
3178:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3129:
3121:
3031:
3017:Chess libraries
2934:
2838:FIDE Grand Prix
2833:Chess World Cup
2787:
2783:Wrong rook pawn
2721:Lucena position
2658:
2608:
2525:Catalan Opening
2500:English Defence
2485:Budapest Gambit
2471:
2429:Austrian Attack
2313:
2282:English Opening
2244:
2240:School of chess
2223:Minority attack
2155:
2124:Queen sacrifice
2023:
1884:
1880:White and Black
1875:Touch-move rule
1834:Perpetual check
1829:Fifty-move rule
1785:
1621:
1618:
1525:
1395:
1390:
1360:
1341:
1337:
1318:
1314:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1218:
1199:
1195:
1189:Wayback Machine
1180:
1176:
1170:Wayback Machine
1161:
1157:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1038:Wayback Machine
1028:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1005:
1004:
1000:
991:
989:
981:
980:
976:
970:Wayback Machine
960:
956:
946:
944:
942:
934:. p. 170.
922:
918:
912:Wayback Machine
902:
898:
894:
877:
857:
845:
832:
784:
752:
746:
713:
693:
685:
668:
655:
624:
600:
435:National Master
411:
319:
295:Master of Sport
291:
267:
265:National titles
205:Beginning with
146:
140:
105:
70:
52:regulated by a
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3176:
3166:
3165:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3060:
3058:Chess composer
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3005:
3000:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2913:North American
2910:
2905:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2806:Chess Olympiad
2803:
2797:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2652:Scholar's mate
2649:
2644:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2567:Queen's Gambit
2564:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2510:Benoni Defence
2505:Indian Defence
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2448:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2419:Owen's Defence
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2349:
2344:
2342:Modern Defence
2339:
2337:French Defence
2334:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2272:Bird's Opening
2269:
2263:
2261:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2203:Pawn structure
2200:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2047:Alekhine's gun
2039:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1960:Half-open file
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1903:Chess notation
1900:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1860:
1858:Pawn promotion
1855:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1761:
1759:Women in chess
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1669:Hypermodernism
1666:
1664:Romantic chess
1661:
1659:Lewis chessmen
1656:
1651:
1644:
1631:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1535:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1497:world rankings
1489:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1426:Computer chess
1423:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1359:
1358:
1335:
1312:
1281:
1250:
1235:
1216:
1193:
1174:
1155:
1140:
1131:
1114:
1089:
1067:
1050:
1041:
1022:
998:
974:
954:
940:
930:(2 ed.).
916:
895:
893:
890:
889:
888:
883:
876:
873:
856:
853:
844:
841:
831:
828:
783:
780:
745:
742:
712:
709:
692:
689:
684:
681:
667:
664:
654:
651:
623:
620:
599:
596:
528:
527:
524:
520:
519:
516:
512:
511:
508:
504:
503:
500:
496:
495:
492:
488:
487:
484:
480:
479:
476:
472:
471:
468:
464:
463:
460:
456:
455:
452:
448:
447:
444:
440:
439:
436:
432:
431:
428:
424:
423:
420:
410:
407:
406:
405:
402:
401:
398:
394:
393:
390:
386:
385:
382:
378:
377:
374:
370:
369:
366:
362:
361:
358:
354:
353:
350:
346:
345:
342:
341:Senior Master
338:
337:
334:
318:
315:
290:
287:
266:
263:
261:and trainers.
251:
250:
244:
238:
232:
203:
202:
196:
190:
184:
174:
173:
167:
161:
155:
142:Main article:
139:
136:
132:Meisterdrittel
124:Meisterdrittel
104:
101:
72:In general, a
69:
66:
38:Garry Kasparov
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3175:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3118:
3117:Solving chess
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:Chess prodigy
3105:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3090:Chess problem
3088:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2998:opening books
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2986:short stories
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:Art and media
2937:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:triangulation
2749:
2747:
2746:Tarrasch rule
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Queen vs rook
2704:
2702:
2701:Queen vs pawn
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2557:London System
2555:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Modern Benoni
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:Dutch Defence
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:King's Gambit
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2287:Grob's Attack
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:Dunst Opening
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Benko Opening
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2259:Flank opening
2256:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Transposition
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1764:Chess museums
1762:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:Notable games
1730:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1521:World records
1519:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1492:Rating system
1490:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1302:on 2013-10-29
1298:
1291:
1285:
1267:
1260:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1202:Anne Sunnucks
1197:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1135:
1124:
1118:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1060:
1054:
1045:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1012:
1008:
1002:
988:
984:
978:
971:
967:
964:
958:
943:
937:
933:
929:
928:
920:
913:
909:
906:
900:
896:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
872:
870:
866:
862:
852:
850:
840:
838:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:Lev Loshinsky
809:
805:
804:Cyril Kipping
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3063:Chess engine
3048:Chess boxing
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2778:Wrong bishop
2625:theory table
2599:Torre Attack
2582:Slav Defence
2490:Colle System
2465:Scheveningen
2424:Pirc Defence
2367:Italian Game
2362:Giuoco Piano
2307:RĂ©ti Opening
2230:Piece values
2218:MarĂłczy Bind
2179:the exchange
2169:Compensation
2099:Interference
2089:Double check
1863:Time control
1850:
1824:by agreement
1752:grandmasters
1696:South Africa
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1615:Score sheets
1561:Chess pieces
1468:Online chess
1414:Chess titles
1413:
1409:Chess theory
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1297:the original
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788:André Cheron
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2993:Chess books
2793:Tournaments
2647:Fool's mate
2412:Vienna Game
2402:Scotch Game
2235:Prophylaxis
2151:Zwischenzug
2136:Undermining
2104:Overloading
2064:Combination
1913:descriptive
1608:Chess table
1603:Chess clock
1419:Grandmaster
1064:. Feb 2016.
881:FIDE titles
824:FIDE Albums
800:Jan Hartong
768:FIDE Master
758:the titles
711:New Zealand
705:Shaun Press
622:Life Master
575:Grandmaster
567:FIDE Master
311:Grandmaster
283:FIDE Master
164:FIDE Master
151:Grandmaster
144:FIDE titles
138:FIDE titles
97:FIDE Master
89:Grandmaster
62:Grandmaster
46:chess title
35:Grandmaster
21:Chessmaster
3100:joke chess
3053:Chess club
2741:opposition
2198:Middlegame
2186:Initiative
2109:Pawn storm
2074:Deflection
1945:Key square
1935:Fianchetto
1868:Fast chess
1852:En passant
1544:chessboard
1306:2013-10-21
1275:2013-10-21
1228:10 October
1108:2009-12-24
1076:"Handbook"
1031:USCF terms
1016:2024-02-04
992:2023-05-03
947:4 November
892:References
847:The title
748:See also:
676:ECF rating
526:under 200
486:1000–1199
478:1200–1399
470:1400–1599
462:1600–1799
454:1800–1999
446:2000–2199
438:Over 2200
430:Over 2400
3083:Stockfish
3073:Deep Blue
3068:AlphaZero
2976:paintings
2768:Tablebase
2732:Strategy
2637:Irregular
2392:Ruy Lopez
2352:Open Game
2119:Sacrifice
2079:Desperado
1982:connected
1955:Open file
1950:King walk
1908:algebraic
1839:Stalemate
1814:Checkmate
1539:Chess set
1531:Equipment
782:Composers
691:Australia
3157:Category
3142:Category
3095:glossary
2756:Zugzwang
2736:fortress
2668:Endgames
2577:Declined
2572:Accepted
2250:Openings
2208:Hedgehog
2174:Exchange
2161:Strategy
2141:Windmill
1992:isolated
1977:backward
1799:Castling
1742:amateurs
1635:Timeline
1509:Variants
1463:Glossary
1446:software
1431:glossary
1353:Archived
1330:Archived
1266:Archived
1246:Archived
1222:Archived
1204:(1976).
1185:Archived
1166:Archived
1151:Archived
1084:Archived
1034:Archived
966:Archived
963:fide.com
908:Archived
875:See also
636:master's
587:Harkness
540:players
518:200–449
510:450–599
502:600–799
494:800–999
419:Category
259:arbiters
3043:Arbiter
3036:Related
2893:Solving
2883:Amateur
2460:Najdorf
2042:Battery
2029:Tactics
2004:Swindle
1987:doubled
1967:Outpost
1898:Blunder
1713:Armenia
1627:History
1473:Premove
1441:engines
1436:matches
1401:Outline
830:Solvers
683:Ireland
666:England
612:'norms'
547:'norms'
523:Class J
515:Class I
507:Class H
499:Class G
491:Class F
483:Class E
475:Class D
467:Class C
459:Class B
451:Class A
357:Master
336:Rating
313:title.
91:" and "
2981:poetry
2971:novels
2946:CaĂŻssa
2878:Senior
2868:Junior
2451:Dragon
2446:Alapin
2131:Skewer
1997:passed
1940:Gambit
1747:female
1708:Europe
1691:Africa
1586:Knight
1581:Bishop
1214:
938:
843:Judges
818:, and
802:, and
653:Canada
639:rating
608:rating
598:Master
573:, and
443:Expert
409:Expert
333:Title
109:master
78:master
40:(2007)
2928:WCSCC
2873:Youth
2863:Blitz
2858:Rapid
2848:Women
2811:Women
2763:Study
2613:Other
2146:X-ray
2069:Decoy
2054:Block
2009:Tempo
1972:Pawns
1890:Terms
1809:Check
1791:Rules
1725:India
1718:Spain
1703:China
1596:Fairy
1571:Queen
1502:norms
1393:Chess
1300:(PDF)
1293:(PDF)
1269:(PDF)
1262:(PDF)
1126:(PDF)
1062:(PDF)
628:chess
542:rated
538:chess
400:1200
392:1400
384:1600
376:1800
368:2000
360:2200
352:2300
344:2400
269:Some
54:chess
50:title
48:is a
2966:film
2923:WCCC
2918:TCEC
2908:CSVN
2853:Team
2823:List
2094:Fork
2019:Trap
1819:Draw
1591:Pawn
1576:Rook
1566:King
1514:List
1483:list
1458:FIDE
1230:2013
1212:ISBN
949:2013
936:ISBN
859:The
772:PCCC
766:and
732:The
715:The
670:The
657:The
602:The
555:FIDE
323:USCF
321:The
275:FIDE
58:FIDE
2903:CCC
2114:Pin
1918:PGN
309:or
279:Elo
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