311:
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307:. Deer flies are difficult to control because insecticides cannot be applied in the sensitive wetlands where their larvae typically develop. Additionally, adults may have developed a significant distance from where the eggs were laid. Trapping devices and protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts and hats, can help avoid the annoyance and bites of aggressive deer flies.
249:
Deer flies lay between 100 and 800 eggs on vegetation near water or dampness in batches. During the larval stage, which lasts one to three weeks, they feed on small creatures or rotting organic matter near or in the water. After a pupal stage, they emerge as adults in late spring and summer. While
271:
to make a cross-shaped incision and then lap up the blood. Their bite can be painful. Anti-coagulants in the fly's saliva prevent blood from clotting and may cause severe allergic reactions. Parasites and diseases transmitted by the deer fly include
262:
detection. Other attractants are body heat, movement, dark colours, and lights in the night. They are active under direct sunshine and hours when the temperature is above 22 °C (71.6°). When feeding, the females use scissor-like
1299:
The horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the
Ethiopian Region. III. Subfamilies Chrysopinae, Scepsidinae and Pangoniinae and a revised classification
1201:
Dipterologiae
Italicae Prodromus. Vol: I. Genera italica ordinis Dipterorum ordinatim disposita et distincta et in familias et stirpes aggregata
1254:
Dias, J.A. T.S. (1955). "Denominacao e definica de um novo agrupamento generica para a subfamilia
Pangoiinae Loew, 1860 (Diptera, Tabanidae)".
586:
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346:
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Predators of the deer fly (and other
Tabanidae) include nest-building wasps and hornets, dragonflies, and some birds, including the
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258:, which they require to produce eggs. Females feed primarily on mammals. They are attracted to prey by sight, smell, or the
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Munus rectoris in
Academia Christiano-Albertina iterum aditurus nova dipterorum genera. Offert iconibusque illustrat
1715:
1694:
1808:
1158:
752:
988:
Quentin, R.M. (1990). "Le groupe des
Orgizomyia de Madagascar (Diptera: Tabanidae: Chrysopsonae: Rhinomyzini)".
1777:
1676:
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310:
906:
653:
17:
1053:
Meigen, J. W. (1803). "Versuch einer neuen
Gattungs-Eintheilung der europaischen zweiflugligen Insekten".
1601:
264:
61:
1416:
Austen, E.E. (1937). "New genera and species of
Ethiopian Tabanidae, subfamily Pangoniinae (Diptera)".
824:
721:
1818:
1720:
1224:
1073:
1018:
Oldroyd, H. (1970). "A new genus of
Rhinomyzini (Diptera: Tabanidae), the first from South America".
948:
1770:
285:
1500:
Teskey, H.J. (1990). "The horse flies and deer flies of Canada and Alaska (Diptera: Tabanidae)".
1441:
1392:
1199:
1104:
Philip, C.B.; Mackerras, I.M. (1960). "On
Asiatic and related Chrysopinae (Diptera: Tabanidae)".
679:
601:
410:
1707:
1592:
1554:
1312:
Taylor, F.H. (1920). "Australian phlebotomic Diptera:--New Culicidae Tabanidae and synonomy".
1702:
1468:
Goodwin, J.T.; Drees, B.M. (1996). "The horse and deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Texas".
614:
374:
289:
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627:
338:
387:
180:
158:
8:
884:
Burger, J. F. (1995). "Catalog of Tabanidae (Diptera) in North America north of Mexico".
1278:
Grunberg, K. (1906). "Einige neue Tabaniden gattungen des athiopischen Faunen gebiets".
1119:
Dias, J.A. T.S. (1956). "Um novo genero para a tribu Bouvieromyiini (Enderlein, 1922)".
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McAlpine, J.F.; Petersen, B.V.; Shewell, G.E.; Teskey, H.J.; et al. (1987).
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Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werks
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Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäische n zweiflugeligen Insekten
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949:"New genera and species of Tabanidae in the British Museum (Natural History)"
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1074:"Descriptions of four new dipterous insects from Central and Northern India"
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Ricardo, G. (1915). "Notes on the Tabanidae of the Australian Region ".
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to humans and cattle. They are large flies with large brightly-coloured
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852:"Horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue"
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753:"Contribuições para o conhecimento da fauna indijena de Tabanidas"
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Abstracts of the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
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1365:. Hamm: Zweiter Theil. Schulz. pp. xxxii + 608 pp., 7 pls.
1301:. London: British Museum (Natural History). pp. xii + 489.
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A Molecular Phylogeny of Deer Flies and their Closest Relatives
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83:
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1397:. Aachen: Zweiter Theil. Forstmann. pp. xxxvi + 363
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This article related to members of the fly superfamily
1380:. Kiliae Holsatorum : C. F. Mohr. pp. 23 pp. 1 pl.
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Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington
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1097:
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These 33 genera belong to the subfamily Chrysopsinae:
911:
The Virtual Nature Trail at Penn State New Kensington
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Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae Supplements
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Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (C)
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Transactions of the Entomological Society of London
726:Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin
1443:The families and genera of North American Diptera
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800:. University of Kentucky College of Agriculture
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1159:"Five new species of North American Tabanidae"
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1376:Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1820).
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1361:Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1828).
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990:Annales de la Société Entomologique de France
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1204:. Parmae .: A. Stocchi. pp. 226 +
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936:(PhD). North Carolina State University.
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1446:. New York: C.H. Curran. p. 512.
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1336:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
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953:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
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214:is an insect subfamily in the family
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1502:The Insects and Arachnids of Canada
1223:McAtee, W.L.; Walton, W.R. (1918).
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892:(1). Associated Publishers: 1–100.
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1504:. Part 16. Agriculture Canada.
1440:Curran, Charles Howard (1934).
769:10.1590/S0074-02761909000100004
300:is not an effective repellent.
1002:10.1080/21686351.1990.12277838
13:
1:
701:
1757:. You can help Knowledge by
794:"Horse Flies and Deer Flies"
751:Lutz, A.; Neiva, A. (1909).
254:, female deer flies feed on
7:
722:"Ein neues Tabanidensystem"
10:
1835:
1736:
1483:Manual of Nearctic Diptera
1020:Journal of Natural History
1814:Taxa named by Adolfo Lutz
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1348:10.1080/00222931508693714
1198:Rondani, Camillo (1856).
1040:10.1080/00222937000770241
965:10.1080/00222931208693101
932:Turcatel, Mauren (2014).
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57:Scientific classification
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1138:Ricardo, G. (1906). "".
286:equine infectious anemia
250:male deer flies collect
1121:Bolm Soc. Estud. Mocamb
1072:Saunders, W.W. (1842).
913:. Penn State University
1809:Brachycera subfamilies
1453:10.5962/bhl.title.6825
825:"Horse and Deer Flies"
798:University of Kentucky
720:Enderlein, G. (1922).
319:
1703:Paleobiology Database
1391:Meigen, J.W. (1820).
1108:. 88 (1959): 279–324.
947:Austen, E.E. (1912).
757:Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
682:& Mackerras, 1960
604:& Mackerras, 1960
413:& Mackerras, 1960
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242:and smaller than the
1544:at Wikimedia Commons
1297:Oldroyd, H. (1957).
489:Travassos Dias, 1955
436:Travassos Dias, 1956
1166:The Ohio Naturalist
1157:Hine, J. S (1912).
1032:1970JNatH...4..249O
850:Moucha, J. (1976).
831:. Purdue University
230:insects considered
829:Medical Entomology
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316:Silvius gigantulus
218:commonly known as
27:Subfamily of flies
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38:
33:
30:
19:
1759:expanding it
1748:
1733:
1607:Chrysopsinae
1593:Chrysopsinae
1563:Chrysopsinae
1562:
1542:Chrysopsinae
1501:
1482:
1473:
1469:
1459:11 September
1457:. Retrieved
1442:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1399:. Retrieved
1393:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1362:
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1317:
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1292:
1283:
1279:
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1255:
1249:
1239:11 September
1237:. Retrieved
1232:
1228:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1200:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1169:
1165:
1152:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1127:(98): 75–79.
1124:
1120:
1114:
1105:
1084:12 September
1082:. Retrieved
1077:
1067:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1023:
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993:
989:
970:11 September
968:. Retrieved
956:
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869:11 September
867:. Retrieved
862:
858:
845:
833:. Retrieved
828:
802:. Retrieved
797:
772:. Retrieved
763:(1): 28–32.
760:
756:
746:
734:. Retrieved
729:
725:
688:Thriambeutes
686:
673:
660:
647:
634:
623:Sphecodemyia
621:
608:
595:
587:Seguytabanus
585:
572:
561:Rhigioglossa
559:
549:
539:
535:Taylor, 1920
529:
518:Paulianomyia
516:
503:
493:
485:Oldroydiella
483:
479:Walton, 1918
473:
460:
450:
440:
430:
417:
404:
394:
381:
368:
355:
345:
332:
326:
314:
302:
282:anaplasmosis
248:
228:bloodsucking
223:
219:
212:Chrysopsinae
211:
210:
134:Chrysopsinae
133:
49:
29:
18:Chrysopsinae
1651:iNaturalist
1587:Wikispecies
1172:: 513–516.
959:(8): 1–33.
774:31 December
649:Tabanocella
531:Phibalomyia
495:Orgizocella
475:Neochrysops
432:Mackerrasia
396:Gastroxides
294:filiariasis
290:hog cholera
224:sheep flies
177:Rhinomyzini
155:Chrysopsini
130:Subfamily:
1798:Categories
1751:Tabanoidea
1320:: 164–167.
1286:: 349–362.
1208:17 October
1183:4 December
1061:: 259–281.
702:References
597:Silviomyza
505:Orgizomyia
456:Hine, 1912
452:Merycomyia
406:Gressittia
220:deer flies
202:Lutz, 1909
94:Arthropoda
1804:Tabanidae
1578:Q21214073
1520:0706-7313
1280:Zool. Anz
1178:1811/1757
917:14 August
835:15 August
804:14 August
732:: 333–351
636:Surcoufia
579:Wiedemann
574:Rhinomyza
566:Wiedemann
388:Enderlein
357:Betrequia
274:tularemia
265:mandibles
244:horse-fly
216:Tabanidae
200:Silvinae
181:Enderlein
159:Enderlein
124:Tabanidae
80:Kingdom:
74:Eukaryota
35:Deer fly
1625:BugGuide
1614:BioLib:
1572:Wikidata
1424:: 31–34.
693:GrĂĽnberg
667:GrĂĽnberg
510:GrĂĽnberg
462:Nemorius
419:Jashinea
383:Eucompsa
370:Chrysops
347:Alocella
305:killdeer
269:maxillae
240:housefly
226:and are
192:Synonyms
120:Family:
90:Phylum:
84:Animalia
70:Domain:
50:Chrysops
1028:Bibcode
865:: 1–320
610:Silvius
523:Oldroyd
467:Rondani
424:Oldroyd
362:Oldroyd
278:anthrax
147:Tribes
114:Diptera
110:Order:
104:Insecta
100:Class:
1721:493924
1708:249459
1669:131053
1656:319370
1617:671545
1518:
1508:
1489:
1401:8 July
1262:: 1–3.
736:7 July
695:, 1906
680:Philip
669:, 1906
656:, 1856
643:, 1922
641:Kröber
630:, 1937
628:Austen
617:, 1820
615:Meigen
602:Philip
581:, 1820
568:, 1828
525:, 1957
512:, 1906
469:, 1856
426:, 1970
411:Philip
390:, 1922
377:, 1803
375:Meigen
364:, 1970
341:, 1912
339:Austen
323:Genera
292:, and
252:pollen
183:, 1922
172:, 1949
161:, 1922
141:, 1905
1753:is a
1716:WoRMS
1695:43920
1643:99CZH
1630:11386
1162:(PDF)
855:(PDF)
654:Bigot
256:blood
232:pests
170:SĂ©guy
1755:stub
1690:NCBI
1664:ITIS
1516:ISSN
1506:ISBN
1487:ISBN
1461:2022
1403:2022
1241:2022
1210:2020
1185:2015
1146:(6).
1144:1906
1086:2022
972:2022
919:2018
871:2022
837:2018
806:2018
776:2021
738:2022
298:DEET
267:and
139:Lutz
1677:NBN
1638:CoL
1602:AFD
1448:doi
1422:107
1344:doi
1260:237
1174:hdl
1036:doi
998:doi
961:doi
765:doi
246:.
222:or
1800::
1718::
1705::
1692::
1679::
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1627::
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1589::
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1472:.
1420:.
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1338:.
1326:^
1318:32
1316:.
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1268:^
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1094:^
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994:26
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898:^
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861:.
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710:^
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276:,
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1779:t
1772:v
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1000::
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963::
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873:.
863:7
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808:.
778:.
767::
761:1
740:.
20:)
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