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soaps, shampoos, human excrement, tissues, food particles, pesticides, hazardous waste, oil and grease. These domestic wastewaters are treated at the source in septic tanks, cesspools, portable toilets, or in publicly/privately owned wastewater treatment works. Alternately, municipal wastewater treatments consist of more levels of treatment that provide greater wastewater cleanup with larger amounts of sewage sludge. Primary municipal treatment remove solids that settle at the bottom, generating more than 3,000 liters of sludge per million liters of wastewater that is treated. Primary sludge water content is easily reduced by thickening or removing water and contains up to 7% solids. Secondary municipal treatment process produces sewage sludge that is generated by biological treatment processes that include activated sludge systems, trickling filters, and other attached growth systems. Microbes are used to break down and convert organic substances in wastewater to microbial residue in biological treatment processes. This process removes up to 90% of organic matter and produces sludge that contains up to 2% solids and has increased generated volumes of sludge. Methods of use and disposal of sewage sludge include the following: Application of sludge to agricultural and non-agricultural lands; sale or give-away of sludge for use in home gardens; disposal of sludge in municipal landfills, sludge-only landfills, surface disposal sites and incineration of sludge. Managing quality of sewage sludge not only involves wastewater reduction and separation of contaminated waste from non-contaminants but also pretreatment of non-domestic wastewater. If pretreatment does not sufficiently reduce pollutant levels, communities have to dispose rather than use sludge.
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inorganic chemicals. Benefits of reusing sewage sludge from use of organic and nutrient content in biosolids is valuable source in improving marginal lands and serving as supplements to fertilizers and soil conditioners. Extension of benefits of sludge on agriculture commodities include increase forest productivity, accelerated tree growth, re-vegetation of forest land previously devastated by natural disasters or construction activities. Also, sewage sludge use to aid growth of final vegetative cap for municipal solid waste landfills is enormously beneficial. Opposing benefits of sludge water result from high levels of pathogenic organisms that can possibly contaminate soil, water, crops, livestock, and fish. Pathogens, metals, organic chemical content and odors are cause of major health, environmental and aesthetic factors. Sludge treatment processes reduce the level of pathogens which becomes important when applying sludge to land as well as distributing and marketing it. Pollutants of sewage sludge come from domestic wastewater, discharge of industrial wastewater, municipal sewers and also from runoffs from parking lots, lawns and fields that were applied fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides.
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wildlife, recreational waters, agricultural, industrial and navigational water ways. Suitability of a water body is examined by states and tribes/nations usages based on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. States and tribes/nations also examine geographical settings, scenic qualities and economic considerations to determine fitness of designated uses for water bodies. If those standards indicate designated uses to be less than those currently attained, states or tribes are required to revise standards to reflect the uses that are actually being attained. For any body of water with designated uses that do not include "fishable/swimmable" target use that is identified in section 101(a)(2) of CWA, a "Use
Attainability Analysis" must be conducted. Every three years, such bodies of water must be re-examined to verify if new information is available that demand a revision of the standard. If new information is available that specify "fishable/swimmable" uses can be attained, the use must be designated.
1854:(sludge) generated by POTWs. The Act instructed EPA to develop guidelines for usage and disposal of sewage sludge or biosolids. The EPA regulations: (1) Identify uses for sewage sludge, including disposal; (2) Specify factors to be taken into account in determining the measures and practices applicable to each such use or disposal (including publication of information on costs); and (3) Identify concentrations of pollutants which interfere with each such use or disposal. EPA created an Intra-Agency Sludge Task Force to aid in developing comprehensive sludge regulations that are designed to do the following: (1) Conduct a multimedia examination of sewage sludge management, focusing on sewage sludge generated by POTWs; and (2) develop a cohesive Agency policy on sewage sludge management, designed to guide the Agency in implementing sewage sludge regulatory and management programs.
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reasonable than numerical limitations and includes design standards, equipment standards, management practice, and operational standards or combination of these. Limits on sewage sludge quality allows treatment works that generate less contaminated pollutants and those that do not meet the sludge quality standards for use and disposal practice must clean up influent, improve sewage sludge treatment and/or select another use of disposal method. EPA has set standards for appropriate practices of use and disposal of biosolids in order to protect public health and the environment, but choice of use or disposal practices are reserved to local communities. Listed under section 405(e) of CWA, local communities are encouraged to use their sewage sludge for its beneficial properties instead of disposing it.
1562:(TMDL). A TMDL is a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a water body can receive and still meet WQS. The TMDL is determined after study of the specific properties of the water body and the pollutant sources that contribute to the non-compliant status. Generally, the TMDL determines load based on a Waste Load Allocation (WLA), Load Allocation (LA), and Margin of Safety (MOS) Once the TMDL assessment is completed and the maximum pollutant loading capacity defined, an implementation plan is developed that outlines the measures needed to reduce pollutant loading to the non-compliant water body, and bring it into compliance. Over 60,000 TMDLs are proposed or in development for U.S. waters in the next decade and a half.
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near fields sprayed with widely used insecticides. Unlike water supplies in large cities, private wells are mostly unregulated and are not monitored for contaminants. Many of them exist at shallow depths of less than 20 yards, and some of the crop chemicals used to kill pests and weeds can flow into ground water. Therefore, private wells are likely to contain pesticides, which can attack developing brains (womb or infancy), leading to neurological diseases later in life. A study led by UCLA epidemiology professor Beate Ritz suggests that "people with
Parkinson's were more likely to have consumed private well water, and had consumed it on average 4.3 years longer than those who did not have the disease."
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requirements are applicable to all surface waters. These requirements maintain and protect current uses and the water quality conditions to support existing uses. Current uses are identified by showing that fishing, swimming, and other water uses have occurred and are suitable since
November 28, 1975. "Tier 2" requirements maintains and protects water bodies with existing conditions that are better to support "fishable/swimmable" uses pursuant to CWA section 101(a)(2). "Tier 3" requirements maintain and protect water quality in "outstanding national resource waters" (ONRWs), which are the highest quality waters in the US with ecological significance.
45:
1242:
point source discharge where sewage is diluted by water. Methodology of mixing zone procedure determines the location, size, shape and quality of mixing zones. Variance policy temporarily relax water quality standard and are alternatives to removing a designated use. States and tribes may include variance as part of their water quality standard. Variance is subject to public review every three years and warrant development towards improvement of water quality. The "Low Flow" policy pertains to states and tribes water quality standards that identify procedures applied to determining critical low flow conditions.
1164:. As of the time of the case's decision, this was not an area the EPA has established regulations for, and the Court instructed the EPA to work with the courts to define such functional equivalents. The Court wrote that this would likely depend most on the distance the pollutants traveled and time to reach navigable waters, with consideration for the material that the pollutants traveled through, any physical or chemical interaction of the pollutants with components in the ground, and how much of the pollutant makes it to the navigable water. In July 2021, following the Supreme Court decision, the
1054:
1436:
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Section 1344(f)(1)(C), which exempts discharge of dredged material "for the purpose of... the maintenance of drainage ditches." All of these exemptions were envisioned to be self-executing, that is not technically requiring an administrative no-jurisdiction determination. One such example was the maintenance of agricultural drainage ditches. Throughout the hearing process, Congressmen of every environmental persuasion repeatedly stated that the over $ 5 Billion invested in drainage facilities could be maintained without government regulation of any kind. Senator
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concern that the federal government was about to place all agricultural activities under the jurisdiction of USACE. For opponents of the Act, section 404 had, as a result of this concern, become a symbol of dramatic over-regulation. When
Congress considered the 1977 CWA Amendments, a significant issue was to ensure that certain agricultural activities and other selected activities, could continue without the government's supervisionâin other words, completely outside the regulatory or permit jurisdiction of any federal agency.
2272:(excess nitrogen and phosphorus) has become a major problem. It is argued in a 2008 paper that the Clean Water Act has made extremely positive contributions to the environment, but is in desperate need of reform to address the pollution problems that remain. A 2015 paper acknowledges that the CWA has been effective in controlling point sources, but that it has not been effective with nonpoint sources, and argues that the law must be updated to address the nation's current water quality problems.
11223:
10119:
7512:
2049:, suggested that modern treatment facilities and prohibitions on dumping "should either be made compulsory or at least encouraged everywhere in the United States." Most legal analysts have concluded that the 1899 law did not address environmental impacts from pollution, such as sewage or industrial discharges. However, there were several pollution enforcement cases in the 1960s and 1970s where the law was cited for broader pollution control objectives.
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have estimated that the costs of the CWA (including the expenditures for the Title II construction grants program) are higher than the benefits. An EPA study had similar findings, but acknowledged that several kinds of benefits were unmeasured. A 2018 study argues that "available estimates of the costs and benefits of water pollution control programs are incomplete and do not conclusively determine the net benefits of surface water quality."
1929:(CWSRF) program was authorized by the 1987 WQA. This replaced the municipal construction grants program, which was authorized in the 1972 law under Title II. In the CWSRF, federal funds are provided to the states and Puerto Rico to capitalize their respective revolving funds, which are used to provide financial assistance (loans or grants) to local governments for wastewater treatment, nonpoint source pollution control and estuary protection.
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states, territories and tribes. The assessments identify water quality problems within the states and jurisdictions, list the impaired and threatened water bodies, and identify non-point sources that contribute to poor water quality. Every two years states must submit reports that describe water quality conditions to EPA with a complete inquiry of social and economic costs and benefits of achieving goals of the Act.
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control litigation, with particular reference to work with the new
Environmental Protection Agency, and announcing the filing of a lawsuit that morning against the Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation for discharging substantial quantities of cyanide into the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland. It was largely based on these and other litigation experiences that criteria for new legislation were identified.
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activities that will result in minimal adverse effects to the environment. Individual permits are utilized for actions that are not addressed by a general permit, or that do not meet the conditions of a
General Permit. In addition, individual permits typically require more analysis than do the general permits, and usually require much more time to prepare the application and to process the permit.
1398:(WIFIA) to provide an expanded credit program for water and wastewater infrastructure projects, with broader eligibility criteria than the previously authorized revolving fund unter CWA Title VI. Pursuant to WIFIA, EPA established its Water Infrastructure and Resiliency Finance Center in 2015 to help local governments and municipal utilities design innovative financing mechanisms, including
1827:(the clearing of forests by the timber industry), Congress recognized the need to impose some limitations on exemptions. Consequently, Congress placed the so-called recapture clause limitation on these new project exemptions. Under section 404(f)(2), such new projects would be deprived of their exemption if all of the following three characteristics could be shown:
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by designating uses for the water body (e.g., recreation, water supply, aquatic life, agriculture) and applying water quality criteria (numeric pollutant concentrations and narrative requirements) to protect the designated uses. An antidegradation policy is also issued by each state to maintain and protect existing uses and high quality waters.
4171: (D. Arizona 2021-08-30) ("The seriousness of the Agencies' errors in enacting the NWPR, the likelihood that the Agencies will alter the NWPR's definition of "waters of the United States," and the possibility of serious environmental harm if the NWPR remains in place upon remand, all weigh in favor of remand with vacatur."),
1342:(NURP) to document the extent of the urban stormwater problem. The agency began to develop regulations for stormwater permit coverage but encountered resistance from industry and municipalities, and there were additional rounds of litigation. The litigation was pending when Congress considered further amendments to the CWA in 1986.
955:. New research by Brunel University and the University of Exeter strengthens the relationship between water pollution and rising male fertility problems. Study identified a group of chemicals that act as anti-androgens in polluted water, which inhibits the function of the male hormone, testosterone, reducing male fertility.
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permit not being required. The problem is that if the landowner's assumptions were incorrect and the activity later determined not to be exempt, the USACE will issue a cease and desist order. Obtaining an advanced ruling provides some level of comfort that the activities will have been deemed conducted in good faith.
2009:, USACE and EPA published a revised definition of WOTUS on January 18, 2023, restoring the pre-2015 regulations on the scope of federal jurisdiction over waterways, effective March 20, 2023. However, on May 25, 2023, the restored WOTUS regulation would again be eliminated after the Supreme Court ruled in the second
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study investigating the association between drinking water quality and gastrointestinal illness in the elderly of
Philadelphia, scientists found water quality 9 to 11 days before the visit was negatively associated with hospital admissions for gastrointestinal illness, with an interquartile range increase in
1188:." The standard becomes the minimum regulatory requirement in a permit. If the national standard is not sufficiently protective at a particular location, then water quality standards may be employed, and the permit authority (state or EPA) will include water quality-based effluent limitations in the permit.
831:. Its objective is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters; recognizing the responsibilities of the states in addressing pollution and providing assistance to states to do so, including funding for publicly owned treatment works for the improvement of
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590 U.S. __ (2020), a 6â3 ruling that a NPDES permit is required for point sources (as established in the statute) or for non-point sources that are "functionally equivalent" to direct discharge, such as in the specific case, wastewater discharged into injection wells that eventually reach the ocean,
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systems (often called "MS4") as point sources, and requiring them to obtain NPDES permits, by specific deadlines. The permit exemption for agricultural discharges continued, but
Congress created several programs and grants, including a demonstration grant program at the EPA to expand the research and
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States and federally recognized
Indigenous Nations protect their designated areas by adopting water quality criteria that the EPA publishes under CWA section 304(a), modifying the criteria to reflect site-specific conditions or adopting criteria based on other scientifically defensible methods. Water
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are diseases of the brain, spine and the nerves that connect them. The new study of more than 700 people in
California's Central Valley found that those who likely consumed contaminated private well water had a higher rate of Parkinson's. The risk was 90 percent higher for those who had private wells
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However, since the passage of the 1972 act, the levels of pollution in the United States have experienced a dramatic decrease. The law has resulted in much cleaner waterways than before the bill was passed. Agriculture, industry, communities and other sources continue to discharge waste into surface
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Categorical Pretreatment Standards are issued to industrial users (also called "indirect dischargers") contributing wastes to POTW. These standards are developed in conjunction with the effluent guidelines program. As with effluent guidelines and NSPS, pretreatment standards consists of Pretreatment
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A 2017 working paper finds that "most types of water pollution declined over the period 1962-2001, though the rate of decrease slowed over time... Our finding of decreases in most pollutants implies that the prevalence of such violations was even greater before the Clean Water Act." Several studies
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578 U.S. __ (2016), 8-0 ruling that a jurisdictional determination by the Army Corps of Engineers that land contains "waters of the United States" is a "final agency action", which is reviewable by the courts. This allows landowners to sue in court if the Army Corps of Engineers determines that the
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The 1977 amendments included a set of six section 404 exemptions. For example, totally new activities such as construction of farm roads, Sec. 1344(f)(1)(E), construction of farm or stock ponds or irrigation ditches, and minor agricultural drainage, Sec. 1344(f)(1)(A), all are exempted by Statute.
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Water quality assessments are conducted pursuant to water quality standards adopted by states and other jurisdictions (territories, interstate commissions and tribes). The report is conveyed to Congress as a means to inform Congress and the public of compliance with quality standards established by
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The CWA requires states to monitor their water bodies and establish Water Quality Standards for them. Water Quality Standards (WQS) are risk-based requirements which set site-specific allowable pollutant levels for individual water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, streams and wetlands. States set WQS
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States and Native American tribes also adopt general policies pertaining to water quality standards that are subject to review and approval by the EPA. Those provisions on water quality standards include mixing zones, variance, and low flow policies. Mixing zone policy is defined area surrounding a
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causes are known for protection against pollutants. A narrative criterion is water quality criteria which serves as a basis for limiting the toxicity of waste discharges to aquatic species. A biological criterion is based on the aquatic community which describes the number and types of species in a
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include such conditions as constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, perianal abscesses, anal fistulas, perianal infections, diverticular diseases, colitis, colon polyps and cancer. In general, children and the elderly are at highest risk for gastrointestinal disease. In a
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Standards are set for sewage sludge generated or treated by publicly owned and privately owned treatment works that treat domestic sewage and municipal wastewater. Materials flushed in household drains through sinks, toilets and tubs are referred to as domestic wastewater and include components of
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There are two main types of wetlands permits: general permits and individual permits. General permits change periodically and cover broad categories of activities, and require the permittee to comply with all stated conditions. General permits (such as the "Nationwide Permits") are issued for fill
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had authorized states to develop water quality standards, which would limit discharges from facilities based on the characteristics of individual water bodies. However, those standards were to be developed only for interstate waters, and the science to support that process (i.e. data, methodology)
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against any person who has allegedly violated an effluent standard or limitation (i.e., a provision in an NPDES permit) or against the EPA Administrator if the Administrator failed to perform any non-discretionary act or duty required by the CWA. Citizens may commence citizen suits after giving a
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releases. Some examples of health implications of water contamination are gastrointestinal illness, reproductive problems, and neurological disorders. Infants, young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people whose immune systems are compromised because of AIDS, chemotherapy, or transplant
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with an objective to reduce volumes of waste generated. Sewage sludge contains nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus but also contains significant numbers of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa and eggs of parasitic worms. Sludge also contains more than trace amounts of organic and
1814:
Although Congress envisioned a set of self-executing exemptions, it has become common for landowners to seek no-jurisdiction determinations from the USACE. A landowner who intends to make substantial investments in acquisition or improvement of land might lawfully proceed with exempt activity, a
1797:
After passage of the CWA in 1972, a controversy arose as to the application of section 404 to agriculture and certain other activities. The Act was interpreted by some to place restrictions on virtually all placement of dredged materials in wetlands and other waters of the United States, raising
2099:
began, of water pollution allegedly being caused by about 12 companies in northeastern Ohio. It was the first grand jury investigation of water pollution in the area. The Attorney General of the United States, John N. Mitchell, gave a Press Conference December 18, 1970 referencing new pollution
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More than half of U.S. stream and river miles continue to violate water quality standards. Surveys of lakes, ponds and reservoirs indicated that about 70 percent were impaired (measured on a surface area basis), and a little more than 70 percent of the nation's coastlines, and 90 percent of the
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is still impaired for the particular water body, then the permit agency may add water quality-based limitations to that permit. The additional limitations are to be more stringent than the technology-based limitations and would require the permittee to install additional controls. Water quality
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denied, 2000). In 1994, during rock removal operations, a backhoe operator accidentally struck a petroleum pipeline near the railroad tracks. The operator's mistake caused the pipeline to rupture and spill between 1,000 and 5,000 gallons of heating oil into the Skagway river. Despite not being
1932:
The fund provides loans to municipalities at lower-than-market rates. The program's average interest rate was 1.4 percent nationwide in 2017, compared to an average market rate of 3.5 percent. In 2017, CWSRF assistance totaling $ 7.4 billion was provided to 1,484 local projects across the
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and implement best management practices, but do not specify numeric effluent limits and may not include regular monitoring requirements. Some permits cover both stormwater and non-stormwater discharges. NPDES permits must be reissued every five years. Permit agencies (EPA, states, tribes) must
1534:
As of 2023 the effluent guidelines and categorical pretreatment standards regulations have been published for 59 categories and apply to between 35,000 and 45,000 facilities that discharge directly to the nation's waters,129,000 facilities that discharge to POTWs, and construction sites. These
2263:
More than half of U.S. stream and river miles, about 70 percent of lakes, ponds and reservoirs, and 90 percent of the surveyed ocean and near coastal areas continue to violate water quality standards. The reasons for the impairment vary by location; major sources are agriculture, industry and
1878:
The quality of sewage sludge is controlled under section 405(d), where limitations are set with methods of use or disposal for pollutants in sludge. EPA, under section 405(d)(3), established a containment approach to limit pollutants instead of numerical limitations. This methodology is more
1209:
The water quality standards regulations require states and federally recognized tribes/nations to specify appropriate uses for water bodies in their jurisdiction. Identification of appropriate water uses takes into consideration the usage and value of public water supply, protection of fish,
920:
supplies can not only occur in the source water but also in the distribution system. Sources of water contamination include naturally occurring chemicals and minerals (arsenic, radon, uranium), local land use practices (fertilizers, pesticides, concentrated feeding operations), manufacturing
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When the USACE processes an application for an Individual Permit, it must issue a public notice describing the proposed action described in the permit application. Although the Corps District Engineer makes the decision to grant a permit, the EPA Administrator may veto a permit if it is not
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test procedures include the chemical detection of trace elements such as cancer-causing metals. Some microbiological test procedures use microbial source tracking (MST) techniques to calculate and identify biological and chemical trends that may support new regulatory limits on pollutants.
1861:
is used to differentiate treated sewage sludge that can be beneficially recycled. Environmental advantages of sewage sludge consist of, application of sludge to land due to its soil condition properties and nutrient content. Advantages also extend to reduction in adverse health effects of
1232:
The water quality regulations include an anti-degradation policy that requires states and tribes to establish a three-tiered anti-degradation program. Anti-degradation procedures identify steps and questions that need to be addressed when specific activities affect water quality. "Tier 1"
1021:
held that the term "waters of the United States" "includes only those relatively permanent, standing or continuously flowing bodies of water 'forming geographic features' that are described in ordinary parlance as 'streams... oceans, rivers, lakes.'" The concurrent written opinion of
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being associated with a 9% increase . The association was stronger in those over 75 than in the population aged 65â74. This example is a small reflection of residents of the United States remain at risk of waterborne gastrointestinal illness under current water treatment practices.
1451:(POTW), Title II established a system of construction grants. The 1972 CWA provided that federal funds would support 75% of project costs, with state and local funds providing the remaining 25%. In 1981 Congress reduced the federal funding proportion for most grants to 55%.
1998:. EPA then formally suspended the 2015 regulation and announced plans to issue a new version later in 2018. The Trump administration formally repealed the WOTUS rule on October 22, 2019 and published a replacement rule on April 21, 2020. On August 30, 2021, the
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Most NPDES permittees are required to collect samples of their wastewater and analyze the samples using test methods specified in their permits. EPA publishes analytical methods that are used by the permittees. The procedures identify chemical compounds and
2023:
opinion. Under this decision, the EPA is no longer permitted to regulate water which has been isolated from these larger bodies of water. Some estimates suggest this decision removed EPA control from as much as half of its previously-regulated waters.
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was in the early stages of development. That system was not effective, and there was no permit system in place to enforce the requirements. In the 1972 CWA, Congress added the permit system and a requirement for technology-based effluent limitations.
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as it attempted to define the Act's use of the terms "navigable waters" and "waters of the United States." The Court rejected the position of the USACE that its authority over water was essentially limitless. Though the case resulted in no binding
2229:
598 U.S. __ (2023), a 5-4 ruling that only those waters with a "continuous surface connection" to traditionally-defined navigable waters are protected under the CWA, striking down the "significant nexus" test which had been in use since the 2006
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When EPA first opened its doors in 1970, the agency had weak authority to protect U.S. waters, lacking the legal power to write effluent guidelines and possessing only general authority to require secondary treatment from industrial dischargers.
2069:
prohibited the intentional discharge of fuel oil into tidal waters and provided authorization for USACE to apprehend violators. This was repealed by the 1972 CWA, reducing the Corps' role in pollution control to the discharge of dredged or fill
2016:
case that the Clean Water Act's regulatory authority of waters in the United States was limited to wetlands and waters "with a continuous surface connection" to larger bodies of water, returning to Justice Scalia's definition as outlined in his
1728:
published by EPA in 1994. The policy requires municipalities to make improvements to reduce or eliminate overflow-related pollution problems. About 860 communities in the US have combined sewer systems, serving about 40 million people.
1599:
For a first offense of criminal negligence, the minimum fine is $ 2,500, with a maximum of $ 25,000 fine per day of violation. A violator may also receive up to a year in jail. On a second offense, a maximum fine of $ 50,000 per day may be
1603:
For a knowing endangerment violation, i.e. placing another person in imminent danger of death or serious bodily injury, a fine may be issued up to $ 250,000 and/or imprisonment up to 15 years for an individual, or up to $ 1,000,000 for an
2184:, the Court suggested a narrowing of federal jurisdiction and implied the federal government needed a more substantial link between navigable federal waters and wetlands than it had been using, but held onto the "significant nexus" test.
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In 2012, EPA estimated that there are over 500,000 stormwater permittees. This number includes permanent facilities such as municipal (POTW, MS4) and industrial plants; and construction sites, which are temporary stormwater dischargers.
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and various grant authorizations for research programs and pollution control programs. Some of the programs authorized by the 1972 law are ongoing (e.g. section 104 research programs, section 106 pollution control programs, section 117
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Water bodies that do not meet applicable water quality standards with technology-based controls alone are placed on the section 303(d) list of water bodies not meeting standards. Water bodies on the 303(d) list require development of a
482:
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of 1948 created a comprehensive set of water quality programs that also provided some financing for state and local governments. Enforcement was limited to interstate waters. The Public Health Service provided financial and technical
2147:
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1841:
To remove the exemption, all of these requirements must be fulfilledâthe discharge, the project purpose of bringing an area into a use to which it was not previously subject, and the impairment or reduction of navigable waters.
982:
The 1972 statute frequently uses the term "navigable waters" but also defines the term as "waters of the United States, including the territorial seas." Regulations interpreting the 1972 law have included water features such as
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requires a section 404 permit when soil and rock from the mining operation is placed in streams and wetlands (commonly called a "valley fill"). Pollutant discharges from valley fills to streams also requires an NPDES permit.
520:
1160:, the Court also validated that some discharges may not be point sources, but are the "functional equivalent of a direct discharge" to navigable waters, such as in this case, the injection of wastewater into groundwater
11701:
1732:
Non-stormwater permits typically include numeric effluent limitations for specific pollutants. A numeric limitation quantifies the maximum pollutant load or concentration allowed in the discharge, e.g., 30 mg/L of
1565:
Following the issuance of a TMDL for a water body, implementation of the requirements involves modification to NPDES permits for facilities discharging to the water body to meet the WLA allocated to the water body (see
672:
1737:. Exceeding a numeric limitation constitutes a violation of the permit, and the discharger is subject to fines as laid out in section 309. Facilities must periodically monitor their effluent (i.e., collect and analyze
1656:, education, training, technical assistance and related activities designed to reduce nonpoint source pollution. Grant funding for the program averaged $ 210 million annually for Fiscal Years 2004 through 2008.
691:
4517:
1665:
1535:
regulations are responsible for preventing the discharge of almost 700 billion pounds of pollutants each year. EPA has updated some categories since their initial promulgation and has added new categories.
1337:
Research conducted starting in the late 1970s and 1980s indicated that stormwater runoff was a significant cause of water quality impairment in many parts of the US. In the early 1980s, the EPA conducted the
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1038:, but this has been highly controversial. The agencies considered the CWA to cover bodies of water with a "significant nexus" with traditional navigable waters, according with Justice Kennedy's definition.
2037:, giving the Corps the authority to regulate most kinds of obstructions to navigation, including hazards resulting from effluents. Portions of this law remain in effect, including Section 13, the so-called
11303:
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During the 1880s and 1890s, Congress directed USACE to prevent dumping and filling in the nation's harbors, and the program was vigorously enforced. Congress first addressed water pollution issues in the
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water body. A nutrient criterion solely protects against nutrient over enrichment, and a sediment criterion describes conditions of contaminated and uncontaminated sediments to avoid undesirable effects.
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10731:
1806:, for example, explained that exempt activities such as agricultural drainage would be entirely unregulated. Other exemptions were granted as well, including exemptions for normal farming activities.
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or fill material obtain a permit, unless the activity is eligible for an exemption. Essentially, all discharges affecting the bottom elevation of a jurisdictional water body require a permit from the
11373:
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required states to issue water quality standards for interstate waters, and authorized the newly created Federal Water Pollution Control Administration to set standards where states failed to do so.
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2203:(6th Cir. Court of Appeals, 2009). Point source discharges of biological pesticides, and chemical pesticides that leave a residue, into waters of the U.S. are subject to NPDES permit requirements.
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The 1972 act authorized continued use of the water quality-based approach, but in coordination with the technology-based standards. After application of technology-based standards to a permit, if
330:
7539:
5121:
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Order Granting Plaintiffs's Motions for Summary Judgment; Order Denying Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment. U.S. District Court for the District of Hawaii. July 15, 2021. Civ. No. 12-00198.
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The NPDES permits program is authorized by CWA section 402. The initial permits issued in the 1970s and early 1980s focused on POTWs and industrial wastewaterâtypically "process" wastewater and
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Congress exempted some water pollution sources from the point source definition in the 1972 CWA and was unclear on the status of some other sources. Such sources were therefore considered to be
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determined that the Maui County sewage treatment plant's groundwater injection of sewage was the "functional equivalent of a direct discharge" and required the plant to obtain an NPDES permit.
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U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works (1978). "A Legislative History of the Clean Water Act of 1977." Serial No. 95-14. Vol. 4. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1378:, with the remainder financed by the state. In subsequent amendments Congress reduced the federal proportion of the grants and in the 1987 WQA transitioned to a revolving loan program in
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The 1972 CWA created a new requirement for technology-based standards for point source discharges. EPA develops those standards for categories of dischargers, based on the performance of
1123:
Point sources may not discharge pollutants to surface waters without an NPDES permit. The system is managed by EPA in partnership with state environmental agencies. EPA has authorized 47
349:
9286:
5067:
1331:
11357:
11327:
1956:
on the definition of "waters of the United States" ("WOTUS") and the future enforcement of the act. Thirteen states sued, and on August 27 U.S. Chief District Judge for North Dakota
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10817:
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7735:
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10773:
6520:
11599:
11583:
11435:
10990:
10985:
10655:
387:
5300:
11717:
7927:
1913:") protection provision. Employees in the U.S. who believe they were fired or suffered adverse action related to enforcement of the CWA may file a written complaint with the
730:
463:
406:
7697:
6384:
11507:
8932:
6679:
6539:
1987:," which would clarify the WOTUS definition. The agencies were ordered to reassess the rule consistent with promoting economic growth and minimizing regulatory uncertainty.
1862:
incineration, decreased chemical fertilizer dependency, diminishing greenhouse gas emissions deriving from incineration and reduction in incineration fuel and energy costs.
12154:
12057:
10878:
10704:
9249:
8992:
8923:
8916:
8544:
8160:
7169:
11685:
11669:
11653:
11645:
11591:
10856:
10687:
8955:
7057:
7025:
6503:
5604:
634:
596:
558:
539:
8850:
8857:
8843:
5516:
4492:
3262:
3233:
12333:
11259:
11134:
10940:
5998:
2045:, but a court ruled that pollution control was a matter left to the states alone. Speaking to the 1911 National Rivers and Harbors Congress, the chief of the Corps,
12471:
11969:
11365:
8292:
6065:
5862:
1999:
1834:
The discharge is incidental to an activity having as its purpose the bringing of an area of navigable waters into a use to which it was not previously subject, and
2959:
1184:. The intent of Congress was to create a "level playing field" by establishing a basic national discharge standard for all facilities within a category, using a "
6379:
1165:
979:
issued in 2023, all waters (such as streams, oceans, rivers and lakes) with "a continuous surface connection" to "navigable waters" are covered under the CWA.
12395:
12312:
12300:
12147:
11607:
11451:
10935:
8871:
8732:
8377:
7232:
5911:
1290:
were specifically exempted from permit requirements. Congress, however, provided support for research, technical and financial assistance programs at the U.S.
11875:
10851:
10682:
9279:
7566:
6638:
6564:
5763:
5148:
4661:
4635:
4616:
4562:
779:
759:
739:
719:
696:
677:
658:
639:
620:
601:
582:
563:
544:
525:
506:
487:
468:
449:
430:
411:
392:
373:
354:
335:
5293:
12220:
12123:
10660:
10218:
6900:
1961:
7690:
4076:
11963:
10208:
8708:
8285:
8102:
8056:
7676:
6493:
5984:
5883:
5632:
3537:
Department of Defense (DOD) and EPA (2017-01-11). "Uniform National Discharge Standards for Vessels of the Armed Forces-Phase II Batch One." Final rule.
2052:
Some sections of the 1899 act have been superseded by various amendments, including the 1972 CWA, while other notable legislative predecessors include:
1608:
States that are authorized by EPA to administer the NPDES program must have authority to enforce permit requirements under their respective state laws.
1530:
Standards for Existing Sources (PSES) and Pretreatment Standards for New Sources (PSNS). There are 28 categories with pretreatment standards as of 2023.
12093:
12075:
10350:
10264:
10047:
8456:
8169:
7800:
7252:
6895:
6709:
6587:
5756:
5539:
5311:
1582:
The primary mode of informing the quality of water of rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, coastal waters and wetlands of the U.S. is through the
1465:), although some local utilities continued to receive "special purpose project grants" directly from Congress, through a budgetary procedure known as "
9754:
11733:
11693:
10925:
9235:
7632:
7287:
6438:
5270:
5256:
2224:
2010:
1570:). The development of WQS and TMDL is a complex process, both scientifically and legally, and it is a resource-intensive process for state agencies.
1497:
1042:
976:
770:
653:
9316:
12205:
11427:
11335:
9219:
8493:
8435:
8428:
7646:
6883:
6401:
5284:
5214:
2744:
2315:
2159:
1652:
Management Program under CWA section 319. This program provides grants to states, territories and Indian tribes to support demonstration projects,
850:(EPA) in coordination with state governments, though some of its provisions, such as those involving filling or dredging, are administered by the
8946:
8551:
8269:
6853:
6406:
6028:
5890:
5089:
1717:
to reduce pollutants to the "Maximum Extent Practicable." MS4s serve over 80% of the US population and provide drainage for 4% of the land area.
3629:
2363:
12215:
11459:
11381:
10296:
9673:
9205:
8891:
7839:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6143:
5712:
2110:
10643:
5027:
4474:
EPA Alumni Association: EPA Administrator Bill Ruckelshaus and some of his closest aides recall the opening months of the new agency in 1970,
3988:
12496:
12225:
12197:
12160:
11252:
10286:
9491:
8029:
8022:
7943:
6171:
5963:
5770:
4851:
3032:
2285:
2264:
communities (typically through urban runoff). Some of these pollution sources are difficult to control through national regulatory programs.
2194:
1914:
311:
1201:
standards consist of four basic elements: 1) Designated uses; 2) Water quality criteria; 3) Antidegradation policy and 4) General policies.
12140:
11443:
11046:
10841:
10785:
10672:
9718:
9270:
9212:
8999:
8939:
7662:
7655:
7200:
7052:
7020:
6751:
1714:
1490:
5477:
4130:
2589:
12081:
11397:
11389:
10213:
9776:
8647:
8299:
6912:
6604:
6473:
5655:
5597:
5562:
3781:
3192:
1542:.) The categorical pretreatment standards are typically implemented by POTWs through permits that they issue to their industrial users.
855:
4819:
3184:
1782:
reasonable. Before making such a decision, however, EPA must consult with the USACE. A USACE permit typically expires after five years.
11483:
11475:
10753:
10323:
8234:
7978:
7683:
5830:
5454:
4990:
1177:
1489:
for discussion of permit programs.) Recreational vessels are exempt from the permit requirements, but vessel operators must implement
1275:, such as sediments, nutrients, pesticides, fertilizers and animal wastes, account for more than half of the pollution in U.S. waters.
11833:
11105:
10965:
10318:
10306:
9886:
9263:
9256:
9228:
8836:
8530:
8465:
8449:
8361:
7559:
6873:
6843:
6766:
6413:
6204:
5929:
5320:
5141:
4172:
4038:
1326:
and industrial stormwater discharges in its initial implementation of the NPDES program, and subsequently the agency was sued by an
11796:
11245:
10873:
10868:
10797:
10699:
9020:
8976:
8472:
8241:
7867:
7618:
7593:
7584:
7072:
7040:
6731:
6609:
6597:
6428:
6197:
5569:
5175:
5166:
2151:
531 U.S. 159 (2001), possibly denying the CWA's hold in isolated intrastate waters and certainly denying the validity of the 1986 "
1685:
States are required to certify that discharges authorized by federal permits will not violate the state's water quality standards.
12466:
12368:
12230:
12039:
12035:
12031:
12027:
12023:
12019:
12015:
12011:
12007:
12003:
10970:
10930:
10883:
10829:
10812:
10768:
10736:
10709:
10665:
10638:
10633:
10333:
10054:
9013:
8985:
8969:
8909:
8370:
8320:
8313:
8123:
7307:
7111:
7067:
7047:
7035:
7015:
6816:
6359:
6349:
6340:
6301:
6093:
5918:
5807:
5786:
3557:
DOD and EPA (2020-07-17). "Uniform National Discharge Standards for Vessels of the Armed ForcesâPhase II Batch Two." Final rule.
1291:
790:
12323:
12166:
12063:
12051:
11725:
11527:
10157:
9179:
8687:
8655:
8618:
8095:
8086:
7639:
6821:
6513:
6280:
5991:
5669:
5277:
4973:
2216:
2095:
had sparked national outrage; the Act grew out of it. In December 1970 a federal grand jury investigation led by U.S. Attorney
1595:
Under section 309, EPA can issue administrative orders against violators, and seek civil or criminal penalties when necessary:
1298:
1156:
896:
750:
4291:
1026:
defined the term more broadly, including wetlands with a "significant nexus" to traditionally-defined navigable waters. Since
12411:
11932:
11709:
11071:
8680:
8537:
8276:
8213:
8153:
8038:
7710:
7337:
7123:
6614:
6571:
6559:
6213:
5947:
5719:
4007:
2730:
2207:
1767:
1097:
851:
710:
4147:
EPA and USACE (2020-04-21). "The Navigable Waters Protection Rule: Definition of 'Waters of the United States.' Final rule.
4108:
EPA and USACE (2019-10-22). "Definition of 'Waters of the United States'-Recodification of Pre-Existing Rules." Final rule.
3966:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and EPA (2015-06-29). "Clean Water Rule: Definition of 'Waters of the United States.'"
3782:"What EPA is Doing to Reduce the Adverse Impacts of Surface Coal Mining in Appalachia: Regulating under the Clean Water Act"
12111:
12069:
10338:
10291:
9736:
9419:
8398:
8109:
7611:
7552:
7534:
6789:
5509:
5396:
5200:
5134:
5116:
4057:
3949:
2659:
2244:
2176:
2126:
1746:
1105:
847:
12383:
12235:
11545:
11491:
11405:
11110:
11078:
10977:
10861:
10790:
10692:
10269:
10246:
9896:
9006:
8962:
8742:
8694:
8144:
7913:
7600:
7302:
7150:
7062:
7030:
6999:
6994:
6659:
6626:
6391:
5816:
5800:
5523:
5182:
5010:
4689:
3737:
3086:
2342:
2060:
1669:
7625:
12105:
11869:
11629:
11567:
11537:
11276:
11191:
10948:
10758:
10254:
9949:
9536:
9437:
9374:
7216:
6784:
6776:
6699:
6694:
5904:
5823:
5740:
5662:
4307:
4187:"Federal judge throws out Trump administration rule allowing the draining and filling of streams, marshes and wetlands"
3901:
3884:
3868:
3811:
3751:
3662:
3612:
3595:
3578:
3505:
3475:
3445:
3429:
3412:
3395:
3358:
3328:
3320:
3254:
3246:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3176:
3139:
3122:
3058:
2887:
2641:
1991:
1960:
issued a preliminary injunction blocking the regulation in those states. In a separate lawsuit, on October 9 a divided
444:
318:
181:
163:
150:
6396:
4599:
3381:
11938:
11881:
11845:
11677:
11347:
10233:
10015:
9992:
9942:
9348:
9337:
8820:
8486:
7899:
6979:
6113:
6019:
5954:
4788:
2847:
615:
4243:
1538:
The secondary treatment standards for POTWs and the effluent guidelines are implemented through NPDES permits. (See
1362:
Congress created a major public works financing program for municipal sewage treatment in the 1972 CWA. A system of
12491:
12363:
12343:
12210:
12099:
12045:
11920:
11100:
10069:
9928:
9664:
8391:
8340:
8185:
7950:
7935:
7669:
7363:
6741:
6726:
6592:
6005:
5940:
3275:
1926:
1745:
to the appropriate agency, to demonstrate compliance. Stormwater permits typically require facilities to prepare a
1455:
209:
4542:
4186:
2801:
11999:
11956:
11268:
11186:
11031:
10721:
10198:
9919:
9590:
9455:
9330:
8583:
8347:
7785:
7778:
7771:
7764:
7757:
7750:
7743:
7368:
7128:
7101:
7088:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6534:
6236:
6042:
5726:
5641:
5625:
5583:
5440:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5221:
4454:
4421:
4389:
4351:
3630:
Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Permits: Compendium of Clear, Specific & Measurable Permitting Examples
1523:
1339:
123:
115:
17:
2725:
Water Pollution Control Foundation. "The Clean Water Act of 1987." Joan M. Kovalic et al. Alexandria, VA, 1987.
2249:
To date, the water quality goals stated by Congress in the 1972 act have not been achieved by American society:
1382:. Industrial and other private facilities are required to finance their own treatment improvements based on the
12290:
12270:
11981:
11926:
11808:
11575:
11557:
10543:
9866:
9383:
8767:
8419:
7193:
6932:
6719:
6654:
6423:
6304:
6079:
6072:
5676:
3920:
2034:
1448:
1399:
1066:
The CWA introduced the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), a permit system for regulating
5412:
5004:
4965:
2833:
2617:
2409:("Clean Water Act" is the law's "common name," including link to Senate version of the Act with proper title).
2114:
474 U.S. 121 (1985). The Supreme Court upheld the Act's coverage in regulating wetlands that intermingle with
12486:
12481:
12476:
11899:
11417:
11002:
10954:
10301:
9727:
9563:
9392:
8724:
8514:
8500:
8384:
8354:
8206:
8116:
7267:
6942:
6863:
6456:
5970:
5897:
5648:
5433:
3306:
1995:
1837:
Where the flow or circulation of navigable waters may be impaired or the reach of such waters may be reduced.
1439:
The construction grants program funded new sewage treatment plants and upgrading existing plants to national
223:
4268:
2483:
1268:
11863:
10518:
10313:
10240:
9982:
9365:
9357:
9188:
8558:
8412:
8015:
7920:
7177:
7160:
6937:
6761:
6684:
6544:
6463:
6418:
6354:
6312:
6058:
6051:
5590:
5532:
3934:
2295:
1770:(USACE). These permits are an essential part of protecting streams and wetlands, which are often filled by
1030:, the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have attempted to define protected waters in the context of
4024:
3658:
3525:
3163:
3019:
2946:
1774:. Wetlands are vital to the ecosystem in filtering streams and rivers and providing habitat for wildlife.
869:
was enacted in 1948, but took on its modern form when completely rewritten in 1972 in an act entitled the
12328:
12275:
12245:
12128:
11950:
10535:
10228:
9965:
9653:
9242:
9126:
8227:
8079:
8072:
7575:
6799:
6035:
5793:
5157:
4960:
3001:
2290:
1742:
1128:
85:
4703:
3836:
12424:
11755:
11144:
11129:
11056:
11026:
10890:
10583:
10527:
10178:
10150:
9876:
9816:
9294:
9172:
8639:
8611:
8574:
8220:
7323:
7282:
6907:
6858:
6674:
6335:
6273:
5777:
5555:
4441:
4408:
4376:
3697:
3646:
3513:
3151:
3100:
3036:
3007:
2989:
2934:
2136:
2096:
1785:
1705:
where applicable, and in some cases, industrial stormwater. The 1987 WQA expanded the program to cover
1508:
Under the 1972 act EPA began to issue technology-based standards for municipal and industrial sources:
4224:
1435:
12318:
12255:
12134:
12117:
11987:
11893:
11857:
10061:
9856:
9599:
9572:
9323:
8405:
8130:
8045:
7957:
7431:
7381:
7118:
6736:
6245:
6086:
5705:
5502:
5461:
4978:
3147:
2305:
1734:
1649:
1280:
1272:
1185:
884:
307:
31:
4982:
4479:
4091:
108:
12406:
12401:
12338:
11661:
11036:
10997:
10920:
10649:
10281:
9806:
8701:
8248:
8176:
7860:
7830:
7823:
7419:
6888:
6714:
6664:
5869:
5447:
5373:
4656:
2171:
2019:
1969:
1559:
1005:
934:
577:
3655:
3522:
3160:
3016:
2943:
12186:
11993:
10423:
10077:
9554:
9527:
8255:
8008:
7892:
7883:
7140:
6220:
6180:
6164:
6134:
5876:
5846:
4733:
2998:
2564:
2310:
1526:(NSPS) are issued for categories of industrial facilities discharging directly to surface waters.
1383:
1374:. In the initial program, the federal portion of each grant was up to 75 percent of a facility's
1322:, and other sources were not specifically addressed in the 1972 law. EPA had declined to include
1132:
1101:
1087:
892:
2862:
2163:
547 U.S. 370 (2006). The Court ruled that section 401 state certification requirements apply to
11174:
11021:
10778:
10591:
10559:
10551:
10453:
10223:
10203:
10008:
9309:
9037:
8749:
8507:
8065:
7906:
7343:
7208:
6188:
5839:
5495:
4998:
4825:(Report). Edgewater, MD: Center for Progressive Reform. CPR White Paper No. 802. Archived from
2190:(9th Cir. Court of Appeals, 2008). Vessel discharges are subject to NPDES permit requirements.
1750:
provide notice to the public of pending permits and provide an opportunity for public comment.
1424:
1147:
9682:
5403:
5011:
NYT Investigation: Corporations Violated Clean Water Act Over 500,000 Times in Last Five Years
4858:
4518:"REF 51 "U.S. Opens Probe Here on Pollution" The Plain Dealer, Cleveland, Ohio, December 1970"
2867:
Riparian Forest Buffers: Function and Design for Protection and Enhancement of Water Resources
2863:"Continued Strengthening of the Clean Water Act Reflects the Public's Concern for Clean Water"
2406:
1629:
12306:
12295:
12180:
12173:
11887:
11851:
11763:
11295:
11226:
11041:
10343:
10259:
10143:
10122:
9545:
9410:
9165:
9086:
8796:
8776:
8604:
8442:
8137:
7971:
7515:
7455:
7437:
7185:
6689:
6633:
6621:
6549:
6478:
6266:
5747:
4826:
4665:
4639:
4620:
4566:
4475:
4244:"Supreme Court Limits EPA's Power for Second Year in a Row with New Water Pollution Decision"
2695:
2458:
2046:
1771:
1710:
1616:
Military bases, national parks and other federal facilities must comply with CWA provisions.
1346:
963:
799:
783:
763:
743:
723:
700:
681:
662:
643:
624:
605:
586:
567:
548:
529:
510:
491:
472:
453:
434:
415:
396:
377:
358:
339:
5040:
1053:
44:
12389:
11839:
11515:
11467:
10896:
10726:
10429:
9906:
9709:
9482:
8786:
7876:
7846:
7727:
7443:
7277:
7106:
6483:
6323:
6150:
5426:
4899:
4718:
3767:
2708:
2268:
waters nationwide, and many of these waters are drinking water sources. In many watersheds
2140:
1983:
signed documents directing EPA and USACE to review and rewrite the Obama administration's "
1345:
In the Water Quality Act of 1987, Congress responded to the stormwater problem by defining
873:. Major changes have subsequently been introduced via amendatory legislation including the
832:
9637:
7544:
5126:
2212:
land contains waters of the United States (and therefore falls under the Clean Water Act).
1482:
Section 301 of the Act prohibits discharges to waters of the U.S. except with a permit. (
775:
755:
735:
715:
8:
12285:
12280:
11802:
11287:
11061:
10507:
9836:
9700:
9428:
7604:
7449:
7387:
7375:
7272:
6806:
6794:
6756:
6526:
6468:
6315:
6120:
5855:
5348:
4324:
Franz, Andrew (Summer 2010). "Crimes Against Water: The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899".
3715:
3344:
2777:
2594:
2152:
2148:
Solid Waste Agency of North Cook County (SWANCC) v. United States Army Corps of Engineers
1653:
1519:
1513:
1447:
To assist municipalities in building or expanding sewage treatment plants, also known as
1440:
1427:) while other programs no longer receive funds from Congress and have been discontinued.
1327:
1131:
to issue permits, but no tribes have been authorized by EPA. In the remaining states and
984:
952:
7853:
4952:
4903:
4583:
3292:
3180:
185:
11311:
10607:
10567:
9826:
9796:
9618:
9581:
9518:
9509:
9302:
7719:
7145:
6947:
6451:
6127:
4969:
4956:
4922:
4887:
4857:. Lowell, MA: New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission. Archived from
4668:
4642:
4623:
4569:
4333:
4225:"What the Supreme Court's Sackett v. EPA ruling means for wetlands and other waterways"
4155:
4116:
3974:
3565:
2541:
2508:
2320:
2269:
2167:, which are federally licensed, where the dams cause a discharge into navigable waters.
1863:
1823:
Because some of the six exemptions involved new activities, such as minor drainage and
1466:
1091:
795:
703:
665:
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627:
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513:
494:
475:
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361:
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157:
4211:
3545:
2960:"EPA Launches Finance Center to Improve Community Water Infrastructure and Resiliency"
2509:"Drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal illness in the elderly of Philadelphia"
1304:
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5083:
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3399:
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3258:
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3221:
3143:
3126:
2726:
2546:
2528:
2300:
2164:
1957:
1625:
1256:
1010:
843:
3045:
1831:
A discharge of dredge or fill material in the navigable waters of the United States;
1693:
842:
The Clean Water Act was one of the United States' first and most influential modern
673:
Los Angeles County Flood Control District v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
12265:
11169:
11159:
11116:
10615:
10393:
10033:
9401:
9062:
8199:
7329:
5698:
5380:
5356:
4917:
4907:
4759:
4755:
4450:
4417:
4385:
4208:
4203:
USACE and EPA (2023-01-18). "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States'."
4152:
4113:
3971:
3950:"Under new EPA rule, Clean Water Act protections will cover all active tributaries"
3849:
3683:
3562:
3542:
3109:
2536:
2520:
2115:
1984:
1965:
1953:
1947:
1367:
1035:
1014:
11237:
4986:
3905:
3888:
3872:
3815:
3755:
3599:
3582:
3479:
3449:
3433:
3416:
3332:
3324:
3229:
3213:
3062:
2891:
2645:
1990:
The Sixth Circuit appeals court stay was overturned on January 22, 2018, when the
1709:
discharges explicitly, both from municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4) and
1554:
If a state fails to issue WQS, EPA is required to issue standards for that state.
171:
167:
12450:
11781:
11499:
11164:
11139:
10447:
9446:
9118:
9078:
8806:
8479:
7809:
7479:
7413:
7395:
6508:
6498:
6446:
6157:
5470:
5389:
5207:
4883:
4311:
3195:
2143:
and President Paul Taylor were both held responsible for the spill and convicted.
1023:
992:
828:
5103:
2393:
2234:
case and removing CWA protection from as much as half of the nation's waterways.
12358:
11179:
10501:
10435:
10097:
9956:
9626:
9094:
9046:
8756:
6811:
6488:
5364:
5341:
5327:
5015:
4603:
3718:. NPDES Permit Writers' Manual (Report). EPA. September 2010. EPA-833-K-10-001.
3492:
3347:. NPDES Permit Writers' Manual (Report). EPA. September 2010. EPA-833-K-10-001.
2690:
Some oil and gas extraction wastestreams were later exempted from regulations.
2092:
1721:
1315:
1161:
1083:
1018:
917:
11702:
Los Angeles County Flood Control District v. Natural Resources Defense Council
6834:
Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978
4804:
3730:
3679:
926:
medications, may be especially susceptible to illness from some contaminants.
12460:
12373:
12353:
11091:
10495:
10489:
10483:
10471:
10459:
10411:
10387:
9786:
9473:
7529:
7501:
7096:
5576:
5111:
2532:
2042:
1910:
1803:
1702:
1462:
1379:
1363:
1197:
1127:
to issue permits directly to the discharging facilities. The CWA also allows
1075:
824:
270:
205:
4912:
4600:"Taylor may get new trial; Court of Appeals rules 2-1 to reverse conviction"
3462:
12438:
12260:
11205:
10477:
10441:
10399:
10381:
10166:
10106:
9974:
9691:
9070:
8627:
7467:
7461:
7292:
6669:
6289:
5618:
4931:
3645:
United States. Wet Weather Quality Act of 2000, Section 112 of Division B,
2550:
2335:
1980:
1973:
1920:
1897:
1824:
1375:
1323:
1319:
1252:
1112:
1067:
4682:
4077:"Supreme Court Makes Jurisdictional Determination on Clean Water Act Rule"
3852:
3079:
1371:
12378:
11066:
10375:
9745:
9464:
9142:
9110:
8331:
7494:
7473:
7240:
7135:
6554:
5733:
5334:
5263:
4168:
Pasqua Yaqui Tribe et al v. United States Environmental Protection Agency
2973:
2524:
1637:
1633:
1350:
1287:
888:
820:
4425:
4337:
3989:"After Court Defeat, EPA Presses Forward With Water Rule in Some States"
2933:
United States. Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014.
2484:"Digestive Disorders & Gastrointestinal Diseases | Cleveland Clinic"
1430:
1334:
ruled that stormwater discharges must be covered by the permit program.
11814:
11149:
11083:
10465:
10417:
10405:
10001:
9102:
9054:
7425:
6705:
Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978
5689:
4458:
4393:
4355:
2418:
United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
2131:
2038:
1901:
60-day prior notice of the alleged violations to the alleged violator.
1738:
1706:
1312:
1181:
988:
922:
127:
5419:
2445:
2432:
2419:
12087:
11827:
11745:
11374:
Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. v. Natural Resources Defense Council
11212:
10575:
10040:
9645:
8262:
7999:
7992:
6878:
4993:
2006:
1851:
939:
900:
502:
Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. Army Corps of Engineers
8193:
Federal Employees Liability Reform and Tort Compensation Act of 1988
6829:
Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980
4888:"The low but uncertain measured benefits of US water quality policy"
4756:
Consequences of the Clean Water Act and the Demand for Water Quality
1994:
ruled unanimously that challenges to the 2015 rule must be filed in
1041:
In 2023, the Supreme Court rejected the "significant nexus" test in
11154:
10274:
9134:
7985:
7816:
5546:
4764:
4269:"Supreme court catastrophically undermines clean water protections"
2181:
1763:
1220:
1124:
836:
5022:
2860:
2819:
1389:
12433:
11914:
Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference v. Federal Power Commission
11122:
10661:
links between campaign officials and Russian government officials
5060:"S. 2770, Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972"
4781:
Environmental Policy: New Directions for the Twenty-First Century
4683:
Legislative Approaches to Defining 'Waters of the United States.'
3837:"Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge; Final Rules"
3006:
2. Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act of 2016.
2618:"The Supreme Court has narrowed the scope of the Clean Water Act"
1964:
stayed the rule's application nationwide. Congress then passed a
1116:
1000:
68:
10219:
links between business partners and Russian government officials
4306:
Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, Ch. 425, Sec. 9, 30 Stat. 1151.
4058:"Trump Plans to Begin E.P.A. Rollback With Order on Clean Water"
2745:"Supreme Court Gives Environmentalists Partial Win on Water Law"
2041:. In 1910, USACE used the act to object to a proposed sewer in
1713:. The MS4 NPDES permits require regulated municipalities to use
1135:, the permits are issued by an EPA regional office. (See Titles
11600:
Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service
11584:
Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon
10135:
8596:
6258:
4758:(Report). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
4141:
1809:
1079:
858:
Subchapters D, N, and O (Parts 100â140, 401â471, and 501â503).
11718:
National Association of Manufacturers v. Department of Defense
11670:
National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife
11592:
National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife
11508:
HollyFrontier Cheyenne Refining v. Renewable Fuels Association
1512:
Municipal sewage treatment plants (POTW) are required to meet
1255:
components of wastewater, as required by the act. Some of the
731:
National Association of Manufacturers v. Department of Defense
8521:
3080:
Water Infrastructure Financing: History of EPA Appropriations
2259:"to prohibit discharge of toxic amounts of toxic pollutants".
1402:. Congress amended the WIFIA program in 2015, 2016 and 2018.
996:
846:. Its laws and regulations are primarily administered by the
213:
8545:
Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act
8161:
Emergency Food Assistance and Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program
2677:
1354:
development of non-point controls and management practices.
11686:
Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council
11654:
S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection
11646:
South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe
7574:
5156:
5045:
3281:(Report). EPA. January 2023. p. 2-1. EPA-821-R-22-004.
2465:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 12 March 2013
1664:
Congress amended the CWA in 1996 to require development of
1180:
without regard to the conditions of a particular receiving
635:
Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council
559:
S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection
540:
South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe
310:; Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014;
3635:(Report). EPA. November 2018. p. 5. EPA 830-S-16-002.
3073:
3071:
2920:
1574:
surveyed ocean and near coastal areas were also impaired.
1413:
1136:
483:
PUD No. 1 of Jefferson Cty. v. Washington Dept. of Ecology
12334:
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
5999:
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
4462:
4429:
4397:
4131:"Trump Administration Rolls Back Clean Water Protections"
3770:. EPA. 2004. Wetland Fact Sheet Series. EPA-843-F-04-001.
2364:"Richard Nixon and the Rise of American Environmentalism"
2253:"to make all U.S. waters fishable and swimmable by 1983;"
911:
11366:
Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy
8293:
Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
6066:
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972
5863:
Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
2000:
United States District Court for the District of Arizona
1921:
Title VI - State Water Pollution Control Revolving Funds
1866:
of sewage sludge is supported in EPA policies: the 1984
1472:
597:
National Ass'n of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife
63:
An Act to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
10916:
FBI investigation into handling of government documents
4543:"Press Conference Attorney General Mitchell 12-18-1970"
4290:
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
4160:
3068:
1872:
Inter-agency Policy on Beneficial Use of Sewage Sludge,
1396:
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014
11608:
United States Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club
11452:
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation v. EPA
11328:
Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw Environmental Services
8378:
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985
5912:
Emergency Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act
4852:"Modernization of the Clean Water Act is Long Overdue"
3731:
Stormwater Permits: Status of EPA's Regulatory Program
2640:
United States. Clean Water Act (CWA) section 502 (7);
2506:
2063:
to study problems of sanitation, sewage and pollution.
871:
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
55:
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
12422:
10823:
Republican reactions to Trump's election fraud claims
5764:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
4754:
Keiser, David A.; Shapiro, Joseph S. (January 2017).
3716:"Chapter 3. Overview of the NPDES Permitting Process"
3493:"Clean Water Act Section 319(h) Grant Funds History."
3345:"Chapter 6. Water Quality-Based Effluent Limitations"
2848:"Other Clean Water Act Test Methods: Microbiological"
2507:
Schwartz, J.; Levin, R.; Goldstein, R. (2017-04-24).
1643:
1503:
1431:
Title II - Grants for Construction of Treatment Works
12124:
Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992
8263:
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
6901:
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
3935:
Clean Water State Revolving Fund: 2017 Annual Report
3382:
National Water Quality Inventory: Report to Congress
2974:"Water Infrastructure and Resiliency Finance Center"
2660:"SCOTUS to revisit definition of federal "wetlands""
2565:"Declining Male Fertility Linked To Water Pollution"
1845:
1680:
1567:
1539:
1486:
1140:
306:
Clean Water Act of 1977; Water Quality Act of 1987;
11964:
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
11267:
8286:
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
5884:
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972
5540:
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants
4522:
Home | Robert Walter Jones J.D. Library and Archive
4178:
1577:
1454:The construction grant program was replaced by the
521:
Borden Ranch Partnership v. Army Corps of Engineers
12094:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
8457:Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services Waivers
8170:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
7527:
6896:Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
6710:Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
5109:
5057:
4881:
4818:Andreen, William L.; Jones, Shana C. (July 2008).
4708:537 F.3d 1006 (9th Cir. 2008). Decided 2008-07-23.
4588:Certiorari denied, No. 99-323. Decided 2000-01-10.
4442:
4409:
4377:
3921:"Learn About the Clean Water State Revolving Fund"
3647:
3514:
3152:
3101:
3037:
3008:
2990:
2935:
2392:Jim Hanlon, Mike Cook, Mike Quigley, Bob Wayland.
2175:547 U.S. 715 (2006). The Supreme Court questioned
1688:
1675:
1545:
1357:
1286:Agricultural stormwater discharges and irrigation
951:Reproductive problems refer to any illness of the
12148:Coalition for Responsible Regulation, Inc. v. EPA
10926:New York investigations of The Trump Organization
7288:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
4128:
4075:Petersen, Rafe; Heishman, Aaron S. (2018-02-02).
3307:Introduction to the National Pretreatment Program
2678:"National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System"
2256:"to have zero water pollution discharge by 1985;"
1850:The 1987 WQA created a program for management of
1498:Regulation of ship pollution in the United States
1294:to improve runoff management practices on farms.
12458:
12206:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
11970:Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
11336:BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore
8494:Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982
8436:Interest and Dividend Tax Compliance Act of 1983
6884:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
4597:
4074:
4008:"Appeals Court Blocks EPA Water Rule Nationwide"
2988:1. Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act.
2780:(Report). EPA. September 2010. EPA-833-K-10-001.
2590:"Rural Well Water Linked to Parkinson's Disease"
2316:Water supply and sanitation in the United States
2160:S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Bd. of Env. Protection
692:Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center
30:For the Clean Water Act of Ontario, Canada, see
27:1972 U.S. federal law regulating water pollution
12472:United States federal environmental legislation
8552:Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988
8270:Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983
6854:Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act
6029:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
5891:Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973
4892:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4704:Northwest Environmental Advocates et al. v. EPA
4129:Davenport, Coral; Friedman, Lisa (2019-09-19).
3702:National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
3680:"Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Control Policy."
3661:, December 21, 2000. Added CWA section 402(q),
2772:
2770:
2713:National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
2357:
2355:
2188:Northwest Environmental Advocates et al. v. EPA
1886:
1390:Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act
854:. Its implementing regulations are codified at
12216:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
11460:Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen
11382:Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen
5713:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
4493:"Water act inspired by Cuyahoga River burning"
4184:
2834:"Other Clean Water Act Test Methods: Chemical"
2762:Hawai'i Wildlife Fund et al v. County of Maui.
2111:United States v. Riverside Bayview Homes, Inc.
1941:
1219:quality criteria can be numeric criteria that
1003:as "waters of the United States." In 2006, in
883:The Clean Water Act does not directly address
12226:United States Environmental Protection Agency
11876:Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act
11253:
10151:
9287:Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial
9173:
8656:Illinois State Senator from the 13th district
8612:
7944:Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983
7560:
6274:
5771:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
5142:
5066:. U.S. Capitol Visitor Center. Archived from
4783:(10th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.
4753:
3384:(Report). EPA. August 2017. EPA 841-R-16-011.
3046:155â270 (menu; GPO has not yet published law)
2195:Ballast water regulation in the United States
1915:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1477:
1405:
1308:Map of municipal separate storm sewer systems
1283:that were not subject to the permit program.
1171:
1048:
11436:Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council
8429:GarnâSt. Germain Depository Institutions Act
6752:Tax Reduction and Simplification Act of 1977
6639:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
4817:
4185:Grandoni, Dino; Dennis, Brady (2021-08-30).
3937:(Report). EPA. March 2018. EPA 830-R-17-007.
3698:"Combined Sewer Overflow Frequent Questions"
2921:"Polluted Runoff: Nonpoint Source Pollution"
2767:
2513:Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
2394:"Water Quality: A Half Century of Progress."
2352:
1810:Importance of no-jurisdiction determinations
12082:Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act
11398:Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council
11390:Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance
9777:By the People: The Election of Barack Obama
6913:Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act
6605:Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978
6474:International Emergency Economic Powers Act
5985:Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act
5598:Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973
5563:Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974
5088:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5007:Environmental Law Institute (2nd ed., 2012)
4820:The Clean Water Act: A Blueprint For Reform
4602:. Skagway, AK: Skagway News. Archived from
2904:Natural Resources Defense Council v. Train,
2812:
1668:("UNDS") for military vessels. EPA and the
1104:) and other government facilities (such as
929:
12076:Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
11484:American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut
11476:Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp.
11428:Train v. Natural Resources Defense Council
11260:
11246:
10158:
10144:
9250:Republican and conservative support (2008)
9180:
9166:
8619:
8605:
8256:Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986
8235:National Appliance Energy Conservation Act
7979:Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
7567:
7553:
6281:
6267:
5831:Securities Investor Protection Corporation
5149:
5135:
5005:"Clean Water Act Jurisdictional Handbook."
4779:Vig, Norman J.; Kraft, Michael E. (2017).
4749:
4747:
4222:
4092:"E.P.A. Blocks Obama-Era Clean Water Rule"
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3672:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3033:America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018
2906:396 F.Supp. 1393 (D.D.C. 1975), aff'd. by
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2286:America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018
2226:Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency
1972:overturning the WOTUS rule, but President
1952:In May 2015 USACE and EPA published a new
1818:
1762:Section 404 requires that a discharger of
1757:
1245:
1227:
1191:
891:protection provisions are included in the
312:America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018
245:Reported by the joint conference committee
11834:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911
11803:Forest Service Organic Administration Act
11444:Whitman v. American Trucking Associations
9887:Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union
8531:Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act
8466:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987
8450:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981
8362:Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation
8030:IsraelâUnited States Free Trade Agreement
8023:CanadaâUnited States Free Trade Agreement
6874:Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978
6767:Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980
6504:Support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War
5801:Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act
5104:Water Quality: A Half Century of Progress
4921:
4911:
4849:
4763:
4560:United States v. Riverside Bayview Homes,
4286:
4284:
4282:
4089:
4055:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
2615:
2540:
1724:are required to comply with the national
1213:
958:
11797:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act
9674:There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama
8473:Railroad Retirement Solvency Act of 1983
8242:National Fishing Enhancement Act of 1984
7538:) is being considered for deletion. See
7112:Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project
6908:Three Mile Island accident investigation
6610:Department of Education Organization Act
5570:Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
5120:) is being considered for deletion. See
5106:, a report by the EPA Alumni Association
4778:
4680:
4648:
4552:
4005:
3986:
3947:
3728:
3077:
2861:U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Area.
2333:
1692:
1584:National Water Quality Inventory Report.
1434:
1303:
1267:
1052:
1045:and established the current definition.
946:
861:Technically, the name of the law is the
12231:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
8371:Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984
8321:Water Resources Development Act of 1988
8314:Water Resources Development Act of 1986
8124:Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984
7709:
6817:National Energy Conservation Policy Act
6094:Water Resources Development Act of 1974
5919:Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act
5808:Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970
5787:U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
5058:92nd U.S. Congress (October 28, 1971).
4744:
4241:
3788:
3367:
3309:(Report). EPA. June 2011. 833-B-11-001.
2913:
2784:
2719:
2657:
2135:present at the scene during operations
1726:Combined Sewer Overflow Control Policy,
1414:Title I - Research and Related Programs
791:City and County of San Francisco v. EPA
331:EI duPont de Nemours & Co. v. Train
14:
12459:
12324:National Ambient Air Quality Standards
12167:Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
12064:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
12052:Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
11726:County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund
8096:Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
8087:Office of National Drug Control Policy
6822:Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act
5992:National Ambient Air Quality Standards
5670:Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970
4882:Keiser, David A.; Shapiro, Joseph S.;
4734:"Pesticide PermittingâProgram History"
4584:"Edward Hanousek, Jr v. United States"
4279:
3821:
2949:, title V, §5022. Approved 2014-06-10.
2217:County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund
2118:. This ruling was revised by the 2006
2027:
2005:Under the administration of President
1936:
1904:
1672:published standards in 2017 and 2020.
1299:Natural Resources Conservation Service
1157:County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund
912:Health implications of water pollution
897:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
751:County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund
287:Overridden by the House and became law
12412:Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action
11933:Environmental Quality Improvement Act
11710:Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co.
11320:Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation
11241:
10139:
9161:
8600:
8538:Surface Transportation Assistance Act
8277:The Emergency Food Assistance Program
8154:Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983
8039:Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act
7548:
7338:Jimmy Carter National Historical Park
7124:Jimmy Carter National Historical Park
6572:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978
6560:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
6262:
5948:Environmental Quality Improvement Act
5720:Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970
5605:Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
5130:
5097:
4850:Radcliffe, Heather (September 2015).
4323:
4263:
4261:
4039:"Senate fails to override Obama veto"
3863:
3861:
2927:
2742:
2361:
2336:Clean Water Act: A Summary of the Law
2208:Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co.
2002:threw out the 2020 replacement rule.
1636:). These standards are applicable to
1628:discharges, as well as standards for
1611:
1473:Title III - Standards and enforcement
1070:of pollution. Point sources include:
711:Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co.
12497:Water pollution in the United States
12141:Energy Independence and Security Act
12112:National Environmental Education Act
8399:Extra-Long Staple Cotton Act of 1983
8110:Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987
6790:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
6732:HumphreyâHawkins Full Employment Act
5510:Minority Business Development Agency
4036:
3099:Clean Water Act Amendments of 1981,
2820:"Clean Water Act Analytical Methods"
2696:"Oil and Gas Stormwater Permitting."
2587:
2245:Water pollution in the United States
2127:Edward Hanousek, Jr v. United States
1747:Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
1666:Uniform National Discharge Standards
1619:
1370:plants was authorized and funded in
848:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
426:Chemical Manufacturers Assn. v. NRDC
12384:Significant New Alternatives Policy
12236:U.S. Global Change Research Program
11546:Southern Union Co. v. United States
11492:Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA
11406:Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms
10978:Smith special counsel investigation
10179:45th President of the United States
9755:Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours
8695:2004 Democratic National Convention
8640:44th President of the United States
8145:United States Sentencing Commission
7151:Continuity of Government Commission
6660:Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980
6627:Federal Emergency Management Agency
6052:Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
5817:Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act
5524:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
5455:Prevention of Nuclear War Agreement
4979:Federal Water Pollution Control Act
4966:As codified in 33 U.S.C. chapter 26
4953:As codified in 33 U.S.C. chapter 26
4690:U.S. Congressional Research Service
3834:
3738:U.S. Congressional Research Service
3276:Effluent Guidelines Program Plan 15
3087:U.S. Congressional Research Service
2802:"What are Water Quality Standards?"
2799:
2396:EPA Alumni Association. March 2016.
2343:U.S. Congressional Research Service
2074:Federal Water Pollution Control Act
2061:United States Public Health Service
2012:Sackett v. Environmental Protection
1659:
1624:Section 316 requires standards for
1349:dischargers and municipal separate
1318:from industrial sources, municipal
1263:
1236:
970:
863:Federal Water Pollution Control Act
835:; and maintaining the integrity of
142:Federal Water Pollution Control Act
24:
12161:America's Water Infrastructure Act
12151:(D.C. Cir. Court of Appeals, 2012)
11870:Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act
11630:United States v. Riverside Bayview
11568:Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill
11538:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey
10234:Trump Media & Technology Group
9375:Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy
7217:We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land
6700:Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977
6695:Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
6514:IranâUnited States Claims Tribunal
5905:Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act
5824:Securities Investor Protection Act
5757:Occupational Safety and Health Act
5741:Economic Stabilization Act of 1970
5663:District of Columbia Home Rule Act
4447:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
4414:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
4382:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
4258:
4242:Chamlee, Virginia (May 25, 2023).
3858:
3652:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3519:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3157:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3146:. This provision was added by the
3106:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3042:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3013:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
2995:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
2940:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
2658:Soronen, Lisa (January 31, 2022).
2130:(9th Cir. Court of Appeals, 1996;
1644:Nonpoint Source Management Program
1504:Technology-Based Standards Program
1204:
921:processes, and sewer overflows or
445:United States v. Riverside Bayview
350:Costle v. Pacific Legal Foundation
25:
12508:
12177:(5th Cir. Court of Appeals, 2022)
11939:National Environmental Policy Act
11917:(2nd Cir. Court of Appeals, 1965)
11678:Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper Inc.
11638:SWANCC v. Army Corps of Engineers
9317:GatesâCrowley Rose Garden meeting
8487:Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981
7542:to help reach a consensus. âș
6494:Engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini
6020:Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970
5955:National Environmental Policy Act
5124:to help reach a consensus. âș
5046:Total Maximum Daily Loads Program
4941:
4223:Turrentine, Jeff (June 5, 2023).
2709:"NPDES State Program Information"
2386:
2057:Public Health Service Act of 1912
1846:POTW Biosolids Management Program
1681:State certification of compliance
1640:and other industrial facilities.
1074:Industrial facilities (including
616:Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper Inc.
204:in the Senate as S. 2770 by
12444:
12432:
12364:Presidential Climate Action Plan
12344:New Source Performance Standards
12211:Council on Environmental Quality
12100:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act
11222:
11221:
10165:
10118:
10117:
9665:The President Sang Amazing Grace
9187:
8626:
8392:Expedited Funds Availability Act
8341:Agriculture and Food Act of 1981
8186:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act
7951:Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act
7936:We begin bombing in five minutes
7511:
7510:
6864:Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977
6742:National Aquaculture Act of 1980
6727:Food and Agriculture Act of 1977
6593:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
6288:
6006:New Source Performance Standards
5941:Council on Environmental Quality
5052:Historical legislative documents
5041:Clean Water State Revolving Fund
5021:
4875:
4843:
4811:
4797:
4772:
4726:
4711:
4696:
4674:
4629:
4610:
4591:
4575:
4535:
4510:
4485:
4468:
4435:
4402:
4370:
4361:
4344:
4326:Tulane Environmental Law Journal
4317:
3729:Copeland, Claudia (2012-07-30).
3293:"Industrial Effluent Guidelines"
3185:"Secondary Treatment Regulation"
3078:Copeland, Claudia (2012-04-05).
2962:. EPA. 2015-01-16. News Release.
2334:Copeland, Claudia (2016-10-18).
1979:On February 28, 2017, President
1927:Clean Water State Revolving Fund
1891:
1648:The 1987 amendments created the
1578:National Water Quality Inventory
1524:New Source Performance Standards
1456:Clean Water State Revolving Fund
1061:
879:Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987.
369:EPA v. Nat'l Crushed Stone Assn.
43:
12000:Water Resources Development Act
11957:Coastal Zone Management Program
11269:United States environmental law
9456:Between Barack and a Hard Place
9213:Citizenship conspiracy theories
8348:Agricultural Credit Act of 1987
7303:CarterâMenil Human Rights Prize
7129:Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter House
7102:Presidential Library and Museum
6535:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
6521:Diplomatic relations with China
6043:Coastal Zone Management Program
5964:Environmental Protection Agency
5727:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973
5642:Federal Contested Elections Act
5626:Drug Enforcement Administration
5584:End Stage Renal Disease Program
5013:(2009-09-14) - video report by
4994:Statute Compilations collection
4805:"Nutrient Pollution: The Issue"
4598:Dimitra Lavrakas (2000-08-25).
4300:
4235:
4216:
4197:
4122:
4102:
4090:Davenport, Coral (2018-01-31).
4083:
4068:
4056:Davenport, Coral (2017-02-28).
4049:
4030:
4018:
3999:
3980:
3960:
3941:
3927:
3913:
3894:
3877:
3804:
3774:
3760:
3744:
3722:
3708:
3690:
3639:
3622:
3605:
3588:
3571:
3551:
3531:
3498:
3485:
3469:
3455:
3439:
3422:
3405:
3388:
3351:
3337:
3313:
3299:
3285:
3268:
3239:
3202:
3169:
3132:
3115:
3093:
3051:
3025:
2980:
2966:
2952:
2910:568 F.2d 1369 (D.C. Cir. 1977).
2897:
2880:
2854:
2840:
2826:
2806:Standards for Water Body Health
2755:
2736:
2701:
2684:
2670:
2651:
2634:
2609:
2581:
2557:
1909:The CWA includes an employee ("
1689:NPDES permits for point sources
1676:Title IV - Permits and licenses
1546:Water Quality Standards Program
1420:Declaration of Goals and Policy
1358:Financing of pollution controls
1340:Nationwide Urban Runoff Program
1154:In the 2020 Supreme Court case
241:on March 29, 1972 (passed)
12467:Water law in the United States
12291:Environmental impact statement
12271:Corporate average fuel economy
12155:Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act
11576:Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
10544:Trump: The Art of the Comeback
10297:False or misleading statements
10016:Barack Obama's summer playlist
9537:Where's the Birth Certificate?
9280:First inauguration invitations
8420:Dairy Export Incentive Program
7194:Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid
6720:Right to Financial Privacy Act
6655:Agricultural Trade Act of 1978
6424:Solar power at the White House
6305:President of the United States
6080:Endangered Species Act of 1973
6073:Endangered Species Act of 1969
5677:Congressional Research Service
5257:VP confirmation of Gerald Ford
4999:Summary of the Clean Water Act
4719:National Cotton Council v. EPA
4006:Gershman, Jacob (2015-10-09).
3987:Gershman, Jacob (2015-08-28).
3948:Shepherd, Katie (2015-05-27).
3768:"Wetland Regulatory Authority"
3112:, Sec. 7. Approved 1981-12-29.
2743:Stohr, Greg (April 23, 2020).
2616:Totenberg, Nina (2023-05-25).
2500:
2476:
2451:
2438:
2425:
2412:
2407:Summary of the Clean Water Act
2399:
2201:National Cotton Council v. EPA
2035:Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899
1590:
1493:to control their discharges. (
1449:publicly owned treatment works
1366:for construction of municipal
1178:pollution control technologies
1146:In legislation prior to 1972,
1057:Common point source discharges
977:the current Supreme Court rule
13:
1:
10754:Sexual misconduct allegations
9393:The Case Against Barack Obama
8866:U.S. House of Representatives
8515:Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
8501:Katie Beckett Medicaid waiver
8443:Internal Revenue Code of 1986
8385:Deficit Reduction Act of 1984
8355:Agriculture Mediation Program
8207:Hunger Prevention Act of 1988
8117:Coastal Barrier Resources Act
7391:(2002 television documentary)
7268:Presidential Medal of Freedom
5898:Federal Energy Administration
5649:Federal Election Campaign Act
5434:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
4723:553 F.3d 927 (6th Cir. 2009).
3022:, §5008. Approved 2016-12-16.
3004:, §1445. Approved 2015-12-04.
2326:
1996:United States district courts
1792:
1697:Components of an NPDES permit
1332:D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals
906:
388:City of Milwaukee v. Illinois
224:Senate Public Works Committee
12070:Toxic Substances Control Act
9737:Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney
9366:Obama: From Promise to Power
9229:Religion conspiracy theories
8559:Video Privacy Protection Act
8413:Conservation Reserve Program
8016:Trade and Tariff Act of 1984
7921:Strategic Defense Initiative
7344:Georgia State Capitol statue
6762:Trade Agreements Act of 1979
6685:Electronic Fund Transfer Act
6615:U.S. Department of Education
6545:1980 Summer Olympics boycott
6059:Marine Mammal Protection Act
5971:Clean Air Amendments of 1970
5591:Supplemental Security Income
5533:Education Amendments of 1972
4688:(Report). Washington, D.C.:
4037:Cama, Timothy (2017-01-21).
3736:(Report). Washington, D.C.:
3189:Code of Federal Regulations,
2778:NPDES Permit Writers' Manual
2341:(Report). Washington, D.C.:
2296:Great Lakes Areas of Concern
2059:expanded the mission of the
1896:Any U.S. citizen may file a
1887:Title V - General Provisions
1768:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
1743:Discharge Monitoring Reports
852:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
464:Department of Energy v. Ohio
407:Weinberger v. Romero-Barcelo
7:
12329:National Climate Assessment
12276:Discharge Monitoring Report
12129:Food Quality Protection Act
11951:Coastal Zone Management Act
10536:Trump: Surviving at the Top
10214:business projects in Russia
10034:Barack Obama Day (Illinois)
9243:Jeremiah Wright controversy
9206:Oprah Winfrey's endorsement
8228:Minerals Management Service
8080:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988
8073:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986
7576:Presidency of Ronald Reagan
7535:Presidency of Ronald Reagan
7482:(first cousin once removed)
6800:Synthetic Fuels Corporation
6036:Coastal Zone Management Act
5794:Consumer Product Safety Act
5577:National Cancer Act of 1971
5215:1970 Lincoln Memorial visit
5158:Presidency of Richard Nixon
5117:Presidency of Richard Nixon
4974:US House of Representatives
4295:Brief History of the Corps.
4292:"Environmental Activities."
4079:. Holland & Knight LLP.
2597:, Environmental Health News
2459:"The Effects: Human Health"
2444:Water Quality Act of 1987.
2291:Coastal Zone Management Act
2279:
2103:
1962:Sixth Circuit appeals court
1942:Waters of the United States
1522:(for existing sources) and
1400:publicâprivate partnerships
1115:facilities, such as animal
319:United States Supreme Court
151:33 U.S.C.: Navigable Waters
86:92nd United States Congress
10:
12513:
12106:Global Change Research Act
11756:United States v. Bestfoods
11145:Trump derangement syndrome
11130:Donald J. Trump State Park
10830:2024 presidential campaign
10808:non-political endorsements
10769:2020 presidential campaign
10639:2016 presidential campaign
10634:2000 presidential campaign
10584:Why We Want You to Be Rich
10528:Trump: The Art of the Deal
9877:Renegades: Born in the USA
8733:Change Has Come to America
8648:U.S. Senator from Illinois
8221:Medical Waste Tracking Act
8214:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
7698:Presidential proclamations
7324:Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue
7283:Philadelphia Liberty Medal
6948:State of the Union Address
6859:Antarctic Conservation Act
6675:Community Reinvestment Act
6198:Senate Watergate Committee
5778:Permissible exposure limit
5556:Rehabilitation Act of 1973
5301:Presidential Proclamations
4768:. Working Paper No. 23070.
4681:Copeland, Claudia (2010).
3048:Approved October 23, 2018.
2588:Cone, Marla (2009-08-05).
2242:
2238:
2137:White Pass and Yukon Route
2097:Robert Jones (Ohio lawyer)
1945:
1786:Mountaintop removal mining
1478:Discharge permits required
1406:Major statutory provisions
1273:Nonpoint source pollutants
1172:Technology-based standards
1049:Pollution control strategy
935:Gastrointestinal disorders
289:on October 18, 1972 (
279:on October 17, 1972 (
231:on November 2, 1971 (
29:
12379:Section 608 Certification
12319:Maximum contaminant level
12256:Best available technology
12244:
12196:
11902:(1963, 1970, 1977, 1990)
11882:Air Pollution Control Act
11846:Migratory Bird Treaty Act
11778:
11744:
11618:
11556:
11526:
11416:
11346:
11275:
11200:
11014:
10991:election obstruction case
10986:classified documents case
10906:
10842:2024 Republican primaries
10786:2020 Republican primaries
10673:2016 Republican primaries
10626:
10517:
10368:
10330:Attempted assassinations
10189:
10173:
10091:
10062:Higher Ground Productions
10025:
9918:
9765:
9728:Hope! â Das Obama Musical
9627:I Got a Crush... on Obama
9610:
9347:
9324:Firing of Shirley Sherrod
9195:
9157:
9036:
8901:
8883:
8828:
8819:
8766:
8702:Pre-presidential speeches
8670:
8666:
8634:
8568:
8406:Food Security Act of 1985
8330:
8307:Water Quality Act of 1987
8131:Armed Career Criminal Act
8055:
7799:
7736:Joint session of Congress
7583:
7489:
7406:
7353:
7316:
7251:
7159:
7087:
7008:
6987:
6978:
6925:
6842:
6785:U.S. Department of Energy
6775:
6737:Motor Carrier Act of 1980
6647:
6580:
6457:EgyptâIsrael peace treaty
6437:
6334:
6296:
6230:
6103:
6087:Oil Pollution Act of 1973
5928:
5706:Fair Credit Reporting Act
5688:
5503:Revised Philadelphia Plan
5487:
5462:Threshold Test Ban Treaty
5310:
5165:
3148:Clean Boating Act of 2008
2869:. Radnor, PA. NA-PR-07-91
2664:National League of Cities
2431:Clean Water Act of 1977.
2306:Oil Pollution Act of 1990
2081:Water Quality Act of 1965
2067:Oil Pollution Act of 1924
1735:biochemical oxygen demand
1715:Best Management Practices
1632:intake structures (e.g.,
1491:Best Management Practices
1410:This Act has six titles.
1292:Department of Agriculture
1186:Best Available Technology
885:groundwater contamination
325:
317:
308:Clean Boating Act of 2008
305:
300:
259:on October 4, 1972 (
251:on October 4, 1972 (
197:
192:
177:
156:
146:
138:
133:
114:
104:
99:
91:
80:
67:
59:
51:
42:
32:Clean Water Act (Ontario)
12407:Toxicity category rating
12402:Total maximum daily load
12339:National Priorities List
12221:Office of Surface Mining
12046:Federal Noxious Weed Act
11947:(1972, 1977, 1987, 2014)
11921:Solid Waste Disposal Act
11662:Rapanos v. United States
10921:FBI search of Mar-a-Lago
10650:Make America Great Again
10474:(former daughter-in-law)
10324:Las Vegas rally incident
10070:One Last Time (44 Remix)
8924:GOP/conservative support
8249:Nuclear Waste Policy Act
8177:Toxics Release Inventory
7540:templates for discussion
6889:National Priorities List
6715:National security letter
6665:Airline Deregulation Act
6598:Senior Executive Service
6464:TorrijosâCarter Treaties
6237:â Johnson administration
5870:Agricultural Act of 1970
5413:1973 Chilean coup d'Ă©tat
5122:templates for discussion
4657:Rapanos v. United States
4027:, 114th Congress (2015).
2172:Rapanos v. United States
2020:Rapanos v. United States
1970:Congressional Review Act
1560:Total Maximum Daily Load
1006:Rapanos v. United States
930:Gastrointestinal illness
578:Rapanos v. United States
277:Overridden by the Senate
12492:1972 in the environment
12369:Renewable Fuel Standard
12187:Inflation Reduction Act
11994:Safe Drinking Water Act
11111:wiretapping allegations
10424:Mary Anne MacLeod Trump
10339:raised-fist photographs
10078:Sunlight before signing
9817:The Road We've Traveled
9555:Barack Obama: The Story
9528:O: A Presidential Novel
9295:Citizen's Briefing Book
9113:(paternal half-brother)
8575:â Carter administration
8009:American Homecoming Act
7893:Constructive engagement
7656:Administration scandals
7201:reaction and commentary
7141:Nairobi Agreement, 1999
6933:Moral Equivalent of War
6869:Clean Water Act of 1977
6135:Saturday Night Massacre
5877:Farm Credit Act of 1971
5847:Alternative minimum tax
4913:10.1073/pnas.1802870115
4012:The Wall Street Journal
3993:The Wall Street Journal
3463:"Cooling Water Intakes"
2311:Safe Drinking Water Act
1868:Beneficial Reuse Policy
1819:Recapture of exemptions
1758:Dredge and fill permits
1384:polluter pays principle
1246:Laboratory test methods
1228:Anti-degradation policy
1192:Water quality standards
1102:sewage treatment plants
1024:Justice Anthony Kennedy
893:Safe Drinking Water Act
875:Clean Water Act of 1977
220:Committee consideration
178:U.S.C. sections amended
11982:Endangered Species Act
11927:Endangered Species Act
11809:Rivers and Harbors Act
11358:United States v. SCRAP
11304:Vermont Yankee v. NRDC
11175:Black Voices for Trump
11004:Trump v. United States
10956:Trump v. United States
10931:Stormy Daniels scandal
10857:running mate selection
10803:political endorsements
10688:running mate selection
10592:Think Big and Kick Ass
10560:Trump: How to Get Rich
10552:The America We Deserve
10480:(former sister-in-law)
10454:Elizabeth Christ Trump
10204:The Trump Organization
9993:President Barack Obama
9857:America's Great Divide
9638:Barack the Magic Negro
9310:New Energy for America
9236:Bill Ayers controversy
9105:(paternal half-sister)
9097:(maternal grandmother)
9089:(maternal grandfather)
9081:(maternal half-sister)
8956:running mate selection
8688:Illinois Senate career
8508:Tax Reform Act of 1986
7728:"Tear down this wall!"
7209:Beyond the White House
7058:running mate selection
7026:running mate selection
6943:A Crisis of Confidence
6189:United States v. Nixon
5840:Tax Reform Act of 1969
5517:Native American policy
5496:Family Assistance Plan
3528:, approved 1996-02-10.
1698:
1444:
1425:Chesapeake Bay Program
1309:
1276:
1214:Water quality criteria
1088:oil and gas extraction
1058:
1019:Justice Antonin Scalia
964:Neurological disorders
959:Neurological disorders
249:agreed to by the House
12307:Executive Order 13990
12301:Executive Order 13432
12296:Environmental justice
12181:CHIPS and Science Act
11888:Fish and Wildlife Act
11764:Guam v. United States
11296:Sierra Club v. Morton
10869:2024 general election
10798:2020 general election
10722:Republican opposition
10700:2016 general election
9807:2016: Obama's America
9411:Culture of Corruption
9257:Assassination threats
9087:Stanley Armour Dunham
8778:Dreams from My Father
8681:Early life and career
8584:Bush administration â
8138:Sentencing Reform Act
8046:ExonâFlorio Amendment
7972:Executive Order 12333
7958:GoldwaterâNichols Act
7633:Judicial appointments
7619:Assassination attempt
7456:Ruth Carter Stapleton
7438:James Earl Carter Sr.
7186:Our Endangered Values
6690:Executive Order 12086
6634:Executive Order 12172
6622:Executive Order 12148
6550:Executive Order 12036
6479:Executive Order 12170
6402:Judicial appointments
6324:Georgia State Senator
6246:Ford administration â
5748:Smithsonian Agreement
5271:Judicial appointments
4947:CWA text and analysis
2680:. EPA. 6 August 2014.
2221:a navigable waterway.
1741:samples), and submit
1696:
1670:Department of Defense
1438:
1347:industrial stormwater
1307:
1271:
1166:Hawaii District Court
1098:Municipal governments
1056:
947:Reproductive problems
216:) on October 28, 1971
12487:1987 in American law
12482:1977 in American law
12477:1972 in American law
12390:State of the Climate
12058:MagnusonâStevens Act
11864:McSweeney-McNary Act
11516:West Virginia v. EPA
11468:Massachusetts v. EPA
10982:Federal prosecution
10897:God Bless the U.S.A.
10818:attempts to overturn
10727:Never Trump movement
10430:Maryanne Trump Barry
9907:Picturing the Obamas
9710:Air and Simple Gifts
9483:Conservative Victory
9338:Tan suit controversy
8788:The Audacity of Hope
8725:A More Perfect Union
8709:The Audacity of Hope
8066:AIDS crisis response
7840:Soviet Union summits
7444:Lillian Gordy Carter
7278:Silver Buffalo Award
7107:Habitat for Humanity
6484:Operation Eagle Claw
6151:White House Plumbers
4989:) as amended in the
4654:U.S. Supreme Court.
4581:U.S. Supreme Court.
4558:U.S. Supreme Court.
4297:Accessed 2013-10-19.
3740:. p. 2. 97-290.
3495:Accessed 2008-07-28.
2569:www.sciencedaily.com
2525:10.1136/jech.54.1.45
2435:, December 27, 1977.
2362:Rinde, Meir (2017).
2177:federal jurisdiction
2141:Edward Hanousek, Jr.
1976:vetoed the measure.
1394:Congress passed the
985:intermittent streams
833:wastewater treatment
247:on October 4, 1972;
12354:Not-To-Exceed (NTE)
12286:Environmental crime
12281:Effluent guidelines
12042:, 2014, 2016, 2022)
11782:federal legislation
11288:Missouri v. Holland
11072:penthouse apartment
11062:85-15 Wareham Place
10962:State prosecutions
10666:Crossfire Hurricane
10508:John Whitney Walter
10270:Political positions
9837:Hillary and Clinton
9701:Deadheads for Obama
9683:SĂ Se Puede Cambiar
9429:Barack and Michelle
9331:Impeachment efforts
8743:Political positions
8300:1982 VRA Amendments
7928:International trips
7900:Invasion of Grenada
7670:Impeachment efforts
7612:Second inauguration
7605:Release of hostages
7450:Gloria Carter Spann
7273:Freedom of the City
6938:Island of Stability
6807:National Energy Act
6795:Energy Security Act
6757:Revenue Act of 1978
6540:International trips
6527:Goldwater v. Carter
6469:Iran hostage crisis
6392:Political positions
6316:Governor of Georgia
6205:impeachment process
6121:Operation Sandwedge
5856:Revenue Act of 1971
5656:1970 VRA Amendments
5404:Shanghai Communiqué
5397:1972 visit to China
5349:Paris Peace Accords
5321:International trips
5201:Second inauguration
4904:2019PNAS..116.5262K
4884:Kling, Catherine L.
4191:The Washington Post
3263:40 CFR Subchapter N
3234:40 CFR Subchapter N
2698:Updated 2021-09-16.
2595:Scientific American
2448:, February 4, 1987.
2422:, October 18, 1972.
2153:Migratory Bird Rule
2028:Earlier legislation
1937:Recent developments
1905:Employee protection
1654:technology transfer
1520:Effluent guidelines
1514:secondary treatment
1441:secondary treatment
1418:Title I includes a
1328:environmental group
1084:shipping activities
953:reproductive system
273:on October 17, 1972
193:Legislative history
39:
12174:Louisiana v. Biden
12088:CERCLA (Superfund)
11996:(1974, 1986, 1996)
11312:Hughes v. Oklahoma
11192:Knowledge coverage
11032:In popular culture
10737:Mitt Romney speech
10568:The Way to the Top
10319:Security incidents
9827:Southside with You
9797:Obama Anak Menteng
9600:The World as It Is
9546:Obama's Last Stand
9519:The Obama Identity
9510:The Obama Syndrome
9303:Tea Party protests
7907:IranâContra affair
7601:First inauguration
7399:(2007 documentary)
7170:Everything to Gain
7146:One America Appeal
6452:Camp David Accords
6128:Operation Gemstone
5427:1972 Moscow Summit
5183:First inauguration
5098:General Background
5070:on October 8, 2013
5064:86 U.S. Stats. 816
4970:United States Code
4957:United States Code
4807:. EPA. 2019-02-04.
4740:. EPA. 2017-01-03.
4358:, August 14, 1912.
4135:The New York Times
4096:The New York Times
4062:The New York Times
3923:. EPA. 2018-03-06.
3835:EPA (1993-02-19).
3784:. EPA. 2016-10-06.
3678:EPA (1994-04-19).
3465:. EPA. 2017-04-26.
3295:. EPA. 2023-12-15.
3253:; and CWA 307(c),
2976:. EPA. 2022-05-12.
2923:. EPA. 2022-05-31.
2850:. EPA. 2022-01-19.
2836:. EPA. 2021-10-21.
2822:. EPA. 2022-04-28.
2800:EPA (2022-04-14).
2715:. EPA. 2018-08-20.
2463:Nutrient Pollution
2321:Mitigation banking
2270:nutrient pollution
2165:hydroelectric dams
1711:industrial sources
1699:
1612:Federal facilities
1445:
1310:
1277:
1092:service industries
1059:
844:environmental laws
52:Other short titles
37:
12420:
12419:
12349:New Source Review
12135:Energy Policy Act
12118:Oil Pollution Act
11988:Oil Pollution Act
11976:Noise Control Act
11906:Acid Rain Program
11894:Oil Pollution Act
11858:Oil Pollution Act
11852:ClarkeâMcNary Act
11774:
11773:
11734:Sackett v. EPA II
11235:
11234:
10907:Post-presidential
10899:" (campaign song)
10600:Time to Get Tough
10468:(daughter-in-law)
10265:Honors and awards
10255:American football
10133:
10132:
10087:
10086:
10048:Awards and honors
10041:Obama Day (Kenya)
9983:The Forgotten Man
9936:Artists for Obama
9501:The Obama Diaries
9153:
9152:
9032:
9031:
8750:Nobel Peace Prize
8594:
8593:
7965:Montreal Protocol
7795:
7794:
7786:1988 SOTU Address
7779:1987 SOTU Address
7772:1986 SOTU Address
7765:1985 SOTU Address
7758:1984 SOTU Address
7751:1983 SOTU Address
7744:1982 SOTU Address
7684:Executive actions
7525:
7524:
7298:Christopher Award
7263:Nobel Peace Prize
7225:White House Diary
7178:The Hornet's Nest
7083:
7082:
6921:
6920:
6747:Staggers Rail Act
6429:Reagan transition
6414:Executive Actions
6256:
6255:
6181:White House tapes
6172:list of opponents
6013:Noise Control Act
5612:Shafer Commission
5478:Space exploration
5448:Washington Summit
5342:Cambodian bombing
5250:1974 SOTU Address
5243:1973 SOTU Address
5236:1972 SOTU Address
5229:1971 SOTU Address
5222:1970 SOTU Address
5191:Bring Us Together
5026:Works related to
4898:(12): 5262â5269.
4205:Federal Register,
4149:Federal Register,
4110:Federal Register,
3968:Federal Register,
3954:Los Angeles Times
3750:CWA section 404.
3611:CWA sec. 402(p),
3559:Federal Register,
3539:Federal Register,
3319:CWA 303 and 305.
3232:. Regulations at
3181:§ 1314(d)(1)
2731:978-0-943244-40-2
2301:Ocean Dumping Act
2091:The 1969 burning
1958:Ralph R. Erickson
1626:thermal pollution
1620:Thermal pollution
1458:in the 1987 WQA (
1257:chemical compound
1034:through the 2015
916:Contamination of
819:) is the primary
809:
808:
771:Sackett v. EPA II
229:Passed the Senate
117:Statutes at Large
16:(Redirected from
12504:
12449:
12448:
12447:
12437:
12436:
12428:
12266:Clean Power Plan
12198:Federal agencies
11840:WeeksâMcLean Act
11694:Sackett v. EPA I
11344:
11343:
11262:
11255:
11248:
11239:
11238:
11225:
11224:
11170:Blacks for Trump
11160:Bikers for Trump
11117:Real News Update
10949:Carroll v. Trump
10779:2020 Tulsa rally
10760:Access Hollywood
10616:Crippled America
10394:Donald Trump Jr.
10287:2021 CPAC speech
10182:
10160:
10153:
10146:
10137:
10136:
10126:
10121:
10120:
10110:
10101:
10098:â George W. Bush
10080:
10073:
10064:
10057:
10050:
10043:
10036:
10018:
10011:
10004:
9997:
9987:
9977:
9970:
9961:
9952:
9945:
9938:
9931:
9929:Social media use
9911:
9901:
9891:
9881:
9871:
9861:
9851:
9841:
9831:
9821:
9811:
9801:
9791:
9781:
9758:
9749:
9740:
9731:
9722:
9713:
9704:
9695:
9686:
9677:
9668:
9657:
9648:
9641:
9630:
9621:
9603:
9594:
9585:
9576:
9567:
9564:Game Change 2012
9558:
9549:
9540:
9531:
9522:
9513:
9504:
9495:
9486:
9477:
9468:
9459:
9450:
9441:
9432:
9423:
9414:
9405:
9402:The Obama Nation
9396:
9387:
9378:
9369:
9360:
9340:
9333:
9326:
9319:
9312:
9305:
9298:
9289:
9282:
9273:
9266:
9259:
9252:
9245:
9238:
9231:
9222:
9215:
9208:
9198:political events
9182:
9175:
9168:
9159:
9158:
9146:
9138:
9130:
9129:(brother-in-law)
9122:
9114:
9106:
9098:
9090:
9082:
9074:
9066:
9063:Barack Obama Sr.
9058:
9050:
9023:
9016:
9009:
9002:
8995:
8988:
8979:
8972:
8965:
8958:
8949:
8947:primary campaign
8942:
8935:
8926:
8919:
8912:
8894:
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8860:
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8279:
8272:
8265:
8258:
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8209:
8202:
8200:Grace Commission
8195:
8188:
8179:
8172:
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8156:
8147:
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8119:
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7995:
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7960:
7953:
7946:
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7930:
7923:
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7909:
7902:
7895:
7886:
7884:Governors Island
7879:
7870:
7863:
7856:
7849:
7842:
7833:
7826:
7819:
7812:
7788:
7781:
7774:
7767:
7760:
7753:
7746:
7739:
7731:
7723:
7707:
7706:
7700:
7693:
7691:Executive orders
7686:
7679:
7672:
7665:
7658:
7649:
7642:
7635:
7628:
7621:
7614:
7607:
7596:
7569:
7562:
7555:
7546:
7545:
7514:
7513:
7233:A Call to Action
6985:
6984:
6435:
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6283:
6276:
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5957:
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5907:
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5886:
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5872:
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5858:
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5803:
5796:
5789:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5750:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5699:Bank Secrecy Act
5679:
5672:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5644:
5635:
5628:
5621:
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5607:
5600:
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5443:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5383:
5376:
5367:
5360:
5357:Peace with Honor
5351:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5323:
5303:
5296:
5294:Executive Orders
5287:
5280:
5273:
5266:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5203:
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5151:
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5025:
4936:
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4869:
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4856:
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4815:
4809:
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4795:
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4776:
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4709:
4700:
4694:
4693:
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4672:
4652:
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4608:
4607:
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4099:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4034:
4028:
4025:S.J.Res. 22
4022:
4016:
4015:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3984:
3978:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3917:
3911:
3898:
3892:
3881:
3875:
3865:
3856:
3847:
3844:Federal Register
3841:
3832:
3819:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3764:
3758:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3694:
3688:
3684:Federal Register
3676:
3670:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3626:
3620:
3609:
3603:
3592:
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3473:
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3297:
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3283:
3282:
3280:
3272:
3266:
3243:
3237:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3173:
3167:
3166:, July 29, 2008.
3158:
3154:
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3119:
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3084:
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2575:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2544:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2488:Cleveland Clinic
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2455:
2449:
2442:
2436:
2429:
2423:
2416:
2410:
2403:
2397:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2359:
2346:
2340:
2116:navigable waters
2047:William H. Bixby
1985:Clean Water Rule
1966:joint resolution
1948:Clean Water Rule
1864:Beneficial reuse
1660:Military vessels
1368:sewage treatment
1281:nonpoint sources
1264:Nonpoint sources
1237:General policies
1036:Clean Water Rule
1015:US Supreme Court
993:prairie potholes
971:Waters protected
654:Sackett v. EPA I
301:Major amendments
239:Passed the House
160:sections created
118:
95:October 18, 1972
73:
47:
40:
36:
21:
12512:
12511:
12507:
12506:
12505:
12503:
12502:
12501:
12457:
12456:
12455:
12445:
12443:
12431:
12423:
12421:
12416:
12248:
12240:
12192:
11945:Clean Water Act
11789:
11788:and lower court
11787:
11785:
11780:
11770:
11740:
11614:
11552:
11522:
11500:Michigan v. EPA
11412:
11342:
11279:
11271:
11266:
11236:
11231:
11218:
11196:
11165:Women for Trump
11140:Trump Force One
11010:
10908:
10902:
10622:
10513:
10486:(mother-in-law)
10448:Frederick Trump
10364:
10334:in Pennsylvania
10199:Business career
10191:
10185:
10177:
10169:
10164:
10134:
10129:
10115:
10104:
10095:
10083:
10076:
10067:
10060:
10053:
10046:
10039:
10032:
10021:
10014:
10007:
10000:
9996:(2018 portrait)
9990:
9986:(2010 painting)
9980:
9973:
9964:
9955:
9948:
9941:
9934:
9927:
9914:
9904:
9894:
9884:
9874:
9864:
9854:
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9814:
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9774:
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9707:
9698:
9689:
9680:
9671:
9662:
9651:
9644:
9635:
9624:
9617:
9606:
9597:
9588:
9579:
9573:Buyer's Remorse
9570:
9561:
9552:
9543:
9534:
9525:
9516:
9507:
9498:
9489:
9480:
9471:
9462:
9453:
9447:The Obama Story
9444:
9435:
9426:
9417:
9408:
9399:
9390:
9384:Redemption Song
9381:
9372:
9363:
9356:
9343:
9336:
9329:
9322:
9315:
9308:
9301:
9292:
9285:
9278:
9269:
9262:
9255:
9248:
9241:
9234:
9227:
9218:
9211:
9204:
9197:
9191:
9186:
9149:
9141:
9133:
9125:
9121:(mother-in-law)
9119:Marian Robinson
9117:
9109:
9101:
9093:
9085:
9079:Maya Soetoro-Ng
9077:
9069:
9061:
9053:
9045:
9028:
9019:
9012:
9005:
8998:
8991:
8984:
8975:
8968:
8961:
8954:
8945:
8938:
8931:
8922:
8915:
8908:
8897:
8890:
8879:
8870:
8865:
8856:
8849:
8842:
8835:
8815:
8808:A Promised Land
8805:
8795:
8785:
8775:
8762:
8755:
8748:
8741:
8731:
8723:
8715:
8707:
8700:
8693:
8686:
8679:
8672:
8662:
8654:
8646:
8638:
8630:
8625:
8595:
8590:
8581:
8572:
8564:
8557:
8550:
8543:
8536:
8529:
8520:
8513:
8506:
8499:
8492:
8485:
8480:Reagan tax cuts
8478:
8471:
8464:
8455:
8448:
8441:
8434:
8427:
8418:
8411:
8404:
8397:
8390:
8383:
8376:
8369:
8360:
8353:
8346:
8339:
8332:Economic policy
8326:
8319:
8312:
8305:
8298:
8291:
8284:
8275:
8268:
8261:
8254:
8247:
8240:
8233:
8226:
8219:
8212:
8205:
8198:
8191:
8184:
8175:
8168:
8159:
8152:
8143:
8136:
8129:
8122:
8115:
8108:
8103:Cannabis policy
8101:
8094:
8085:
8078:
8071:
8064:
8057:Domestic policy
8051:
8044:
8037:
8028:
8021:
8014:
8007:
7998:
7991:
7984:
7977:
7970:
7963:
7956:
7949:
7942:
7933:
7926:
7919:
7912:
7905:
7898:
7891:
7882:
7875:
7866:
7859:
7852:
7845:
7838:
7829:
7822:
7815:
7810:Reagan Doctrine
7808:
7791:
7784:
7777:
7770:
7763:
7756:
7749:
7742:
7734:
7726:
7718:
7705:
7696:
7689:
7682:
7677:Opinion polling
7675:
7668:
7663:Bush transition
7661:
7654:
7645:
7638:
7631:
7624:
7617:
7610:
7599:
7592:
7579:
7573:
7543:
7526:
7521:
7502:Ronald Reagan â
7485:
7480:Hugh Carter Jr.
7414:Rosalynn Carter
7402:
7396:Man from Plains
7349:
7312:
7254:
7247:
7155:
7089:Post-presidency
7079:
7004:
6974:
6917:
6845:
6838:
6771:
6648:Economic policy
6643:
6588:Cannabis policy
6581:Domestic policy
6576:
6509:Algiers Accords
6499:1979 oil crisis
6447:Carter Doctrine
6433:
6419:Rabbit incident
6338:
6330:
6322:
6311:
6300:
6292:
6287:
6257:
6252:
6243:
6234:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6203:
6196:
6186:
6179:
6170:
6163:
6158:Watergate Seven
6156:
6149:
6142:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6112:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6078:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6041:
6034:
6027:
6018:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5983:
5978:Clean Water Act
5976:
5969:
5962:
5953:
5946:
5939:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5910:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5845:
5838:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5806:
5799:
5792:
5785:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5746:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5690:Economic policy
5684:
5675:
5668:
5661:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5633:Cannabis policy
5631:
5624:
5617:
5610:
5603:
5596:
5589:
5582:
5575:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5545:
5538:
5531:
5522:
5515:
5508:
5501:
5494:
5488:Domestic policy
5483:
5476:
5471:Operation CHAOS
5469:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5402:
5395:
5390:Tar Baby option
5388:
5379:
5374:Cold War period
5372:
5363:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5319:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5283:
5276:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5213:
5208:Silent majority
5206:
5199:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5161:
5155:
5125:
5100:
5081:
5080:
5073:
5071:
5028:Clean Water Act
4944:
4939:
4880:
4876:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4848:
4844:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4822:
4816:
4812:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4791:
4777:
4773:
4752:
4745:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4716:
4712:
4701:
4697:
4685:
4679:
4675:
4653:
4649:
4634:
4630:
4615:
4611:
4596:
4592:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4557:
4553:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4527:
4525:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4502:
4500:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4473:
4469:
4463:October 2, 1965
4446:
4440:
4436:
4413:
4407:
4403:
4381:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4362:
4349:
4345:
4322:
4318:
4314:. March 3, 1899
4305:
4301:
4289:
4280:
4275:. May 25, 2023.
4267:
4266:
4259:
4249:
4247:
4240:
4236:
4221:
4217:
4202:
4198:
4183:
4179:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4146:
4142:
4127:
4123:
4107:
4103:
4088:
4084:
4073:
4069:
4054:
4050:
4035:
4031:
4023:
4019:
4004:
4000:
3985:
3981:
3965:
3961:
3946:
3942:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3899:
3895:
3882:
3878:
3866:
3859:
3839:
3833:
3822:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3789:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3749:
3745:
3733:
3727:
3723:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3677:
3673:
3651:
3644:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3610:
3606:
3593:
3589:
3576:
3572:
3556:
3552:
3536:
3532:
3518:
3503:
3499:
3490:
3486:
3474:
3470:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3444:
3440:
3427:
3423:
3410:
3406:
3393:
3389:
3380:
3379:
3368:
3356:
3352:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3318:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3244:
3240:
3224:; and CWA 306,
3207:
3203:
3191:
3175:CWA 304(d)(1),
3174:
3170:
3156:
3137:
3133:
3120:
3116:
3105:
3098:
3094:
3082:
3076:
3069:
3056:
3052:
3041:
3031:United States.
3030:
3026:
3012:
3005:
2994:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2939:
2932:
2928:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2908:NRDC v. Costle,
2902:
2898:
2885:
2881:
2872:
2870:
2859:
2855:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2798:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2741:
2737:
2724:
2720:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2689:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2656:
2652:
2639:
2635:
2626:
2624:
2614:
2610:
2601:
2599:
2586:
2582:
2573:
2571:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2505:
2501:
2492:
2490:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2443:
2439:
2430:
2426:
2417:
2413:
2404:
2400:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2360:
2353:
2349:
2338:
2329:
2282:
2247:
2241:
2106:
2030:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1923:
1907:
1894:
1889:
1848:
1821:
1812:
1795:
1772:land developers
1760:
1722:combined sewers
1691:
1683:
1678:
1662:
1650:Nonpoint Source
1646:
1622:
1614:
1593:
1580:
1548:
1506:
1480:
1475:
1433:
1416:
1408:
1392:
1360:
1330:. In 1977, the
1266:
1253:microbiological
1248:
1239:
1230:
1216:
1207:
1205:Designated uses
1194:
1174:
1162:injection wells
1064:
1051:
973:
961:
949:
932:
914:
909:
829:water pollution
813:Clean Water Act
805:
296:
116:
81:Enacted by
71:
38:Clean Water Act
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Clean water act
15:
12:
11:
5:
12510:
12500:
12499:
12494:
12489:
12484:
12479:
12474:
12469:
12454:
12453:
12441:
12418:
12417:
12415:
12414:
12409:
12404:
12399:
12396:Tailoring Rule
12393:
12386:
12381:
12376:
12371:
12366:
12361:
12359:PACE financing
12356:
12351:
12346:
12341:
12336:
12331:
12326:
12321:
12316:
12310:
12304:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12283:
12278:
12273:
12268:
12263:
12258:
12252:
12250:
12242:
12241:
12239:
12238:
12233:
12228:
12223:
12218:
12213:
12208:
12202:
12200:
12194:
12193:
12191:
12190:
12184:
12178:
12170:
12164:
12158:
12152:
12144:
12138:
12132:
12126:
12121:
12115:
12109:
12103:
12097:
12091:
12085:
12079:
12073:
12067:
12061:
12055:
12049:
12043:
11997:
11991:
11985:
11979:
11973:
11967:
11961:
11960:
11959:
11948:
11942:
11936:
11930:
11924:
11918:
11910:
11909:
11908:
11897:
11891:
11885:
11879:
11873:
11867:
11861:
11855:
11849:
11843:
11837:
11831:
11825:
11819:
11818:
11817:
11806:
11800:
11793:
11791:
11776:
11775:
11772:
11771:
11769:
11768:
11760:
11751:
11749:
11742:
11741:
11739:
11738:
11730:
11722:
11714:
11706:
11698:
11690:
11682:
11674:
11666:
11658:
11650:
11642:
11634:
11625:
11623:
11616:
11615:
11613:
11612:
11604:
11596:
11588:
11580:
11572:
11563:
11561:
11554:
11553:
11551:
11550:
11542:
11533:
11531:
11524:
11523:
11521:
11520:
11512:
11504:
11496:
11488:
11480:
11472:
11464:
11456:
11448:
11440:
11432:
11423:
11421:
11414:
11413:
11411:
11410:
11402:
11394:
11386:
11378:
11370:
11362:
11353:
11351:
11341:
11340:
11332:
11324:
11316:
11308:
11300:
11292:
11283:
11281:
11273:
11272:
11265:
11264:
11257:
11250:
11242:
11233:
11232:
11230:
11229:
11217:
11216:
11209:
11206:â Barack Obama
11201:
11198:
11197:
11195:
11194:
11189:
11184:
11183:
11182:
11180:Gays for Trump
11177:
11172:
11167:
11162:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11135:Nicknames used
11132:
11127:
11126:
11125:
11120:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11095:
11088:
11087:
11086:
11081:
11076:
11075:
11074:
11064:
11054:
11053:
11052:
11044:
11039:
11029:
11024:
11018:
11016:
11012:
11011:
11009:
11008:
11000:
10998:Trump mug shot
10995:
10994:
10993:
10988:
10980:
10975:
10974:
10973:
10968:
10960:
10952:
10945:
10944:
10943:
10938:
10933:
10923:
10918:
10912:
10910:
10904:
10903:
10901:
10900:
10893:
10888:
10887:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10866:
10865:
10864:
10859:
10854:
10849:
10839:
10838:
10837:
10827:
10826:
10825:
10820:
10815:
10810:
10805:
10795:
10794:
10793:
10783:
10782:
10781:
10776:
10766:
10765:
10764:
10751:
10750:
10749:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10719:
10718:
10717:
10712:
10707:
10697:
10696:
10695:
10690:
10685:
10680:
10670:
10669:
10668:
10663:
10658:
10653:
10646:
10636:
10630:
10628:
10624:
10623:
10621:
10620:
10612:
10604:
10596:
10588:
10580:
10572:
10564:
10556:
10548:
10540:
10532:
10523:
10521:
10515:
10514:
10512:
10511:
10505:
10502:Fred Trump III
10499:
10493:
10487:
10481:
10475:
10469:
10463:
10457:
10451:
10445:
10439:
10436:Fred Trump Jr.
10433:
10427:
10421:
10415:
10409:
10403:
10397:
10391:
10385:
10379:
10372:
10370:
10366:
10365:
10363:
10362:
10361:
10360:
10359:
10358:
10348:
10347:
10346:
10341:
10328:
10327:
10326:
10316:
10311:
10310:
10309:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10278:
10277:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10251:
10250:
10247:The Apprentice
10238:
10237:
10236:
10231:
10226:
10221:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10195:
10193:
10187:
10186:
10184:
10183:
10174:
10171:
10170:
10163:
10162:
10155:
10148:
10140:
10131:
10130:
10128:
10127:
10112:
10111:
10107:Donald Trump â
10102:
10092:
10089:
10088:
10085:
10084:
10082:
10081:
10074:
10065:
10058:
10051:
10044:
10037:
10029:
10027:
10023:
10022:
10020:
10019:
10012:
10005:
9998:
9988:
9978:
9971:
9967:Situation Room
9962:
9958:Hair Like Mine
9953:
9950:"Joker" poster
9946:
9939:
9932:
9924:
9922:
9916:
9915:
9913:
9912:
9902:
9897:The First Lady
9892:
9882:
9872:
9862:
9852:
9842:
9832:
9822:
9812:
9802:
9792:
9782:
9771:
9769:
9763:
9762:
9760:
9759:
9750:
9741:
9732:
9723:
9714:
9705:
9696:
9687:
9678:
9669:
9660:
9659:
9658:
9642:
9633:
9632:
9631:
9614:
9612:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9604:
9595:
9586:
9577:
9568:
9559:
9550:
9541:
9532:
9523:
9514:
9505:
9496:
9487:
9478:
9469:
9460:
9451:
9442:
9433:
9424:
9415:
9406:
9397:
9388:
9379:
9370:
9361:
9353:
9351:
9345:
9344:
9342:
9341:
9334:
9327:
9320:
9313:
9306:
9299:
9290:
9283:
9276:
9275:
9274:
9271:2008 Tennessee
9267:
9253:
9246:
9239:
9232:
9225:
9224:
9223:
9209:
9201:
9199:
9193:
9192:
9185:
9184:
9177:
9170:
9162:
9155:
9154:
9151:
9150:
9148:
9147:
9139:
9131:
9127:Craig Robinson
9123:
9115:
9107:
9099:
9095:Madelyn Dunham
9091:
9083:
9075:
9067:
9059:
9051:
9047:Michelle Obama
9042:
9040:
9034:
9033:
9030:
9029:
9027:
9026:
9025:
9024:
9017:
9010:
9003:
8996:
8982:
8981:
8980:
8973:
8966:
8959:
8952:
8951:
8950:
8936:
8929:
8928:
8927:
8905:
8903:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8895:
8887:
8885:
8881:
8880:
8878:
8877:
8876:
8875:
8863:
8862:
8861:
8854:
8847:
8832:
8830:
8823:
8817:
8816:
8814:
8813:
8803:
8798:Of Thee I Sing
8793:
8783:
8772:
8770:
8764:
8763:
8761:
8760:
8757:West Wing Week
8753:
8746:
8739:
8738:
8737:
8729:
8721:
8713:
8698:
8691:
8684:
8676:
8674:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8660:
8652:
8644:
8635:
8632:
8631:
8624:
8623:
8616:
8609:
8601:
8592:
8591:
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7801:Foreign policy
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5381:Linkage policy
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5365:Vietnamization
5361:
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5328:Nixon Doctrine
5324:
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5312:Foreign policy
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5019:
5016:Democracy Now!
5008:
5002:
4996:
4976:
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4949:
4948:
4943:
4942:External links
4940:
4938:
4937:
4874:
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4810:
4796:
4789:
4771:
4765:10.3386/w23070
4743:
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4695:
4673:
4647:
4628:
4609:
4606:on 2011-01-10.
4590:
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4524:. 24 June 2018
4509:
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4369:
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4332:(2): 255â278.
4316:
4308:33 U.S.C.
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3752:33 U.S.C.
3743:
3721:
3707:
3689:
3687:, 59 FR 18688.
3671:
3667:§ 1342(q)
3663:33 U.S.C.
3656:106â554 (text)
3638:
3621:
3617:§ 1342(p)
3613:33 U.S.C.
3604:
3596:33 U.S.C.
3594:CWA sec. 402,
3587:
3579:33 U.S.C.
3570:
3550:
3530:
3523:104â106 (text)
3510:§ 1322(n)
3506:33 U.S.C.
3497:
3484:
3476:33 U.S.C.
3468:
3454:
3446:33 U.S.C.
3438:
3430:33 U.S.C.
3421:
3413:33 U.S.C.
3404:
3400:§ 1315(b)
3396:33 U.S.C.
3387:
3366:
3363:§ 1313(b)
3359:33 U.S.C.
3350:
3336:
3329:33 U.S.C.
3321:33 U.S.C.
3312:
3298:
3284:
3267:
3259:§ 1317(c)
3255:33 U.S.C.
3251:§ 1317(b)
3247:33 U.S.C.
3238:
3226:33 U.S.C.
3222:§ 1314(b)
3218:33 U.S.C.
3216:; CWA 304(b),
3210:33 U.S.C.
3201:
3177:33 U.S.C.
3168:
3161:110â288 (text)
3144:§ 1342(r)
3140:33 U.S.C.
3131:
3127:§ 1311(a)
3123:33 U.S.C.
3114:
3092:
3067:
3059:33 U.S.C.
3050:
3024:
3017:114â322 (text)
2986:United States.
2979:
2965:
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2944:113â121 (text)
2926:
2912:
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2888:33 U.S.C.
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2766:
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2749:Bloomberg News
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2633:
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2405:See U.S. EPA,
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2093:Cuyahoga River
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1946:Main article:
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1106:military bases
1100:(particularly
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1047:
1043:Sackett v. EPA
972:
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918:drinking water
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807:
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802:___ (2025)
798:, ___
787:
786:___ (2023)
767:
766:___ (2020)
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726:___ (2016)
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12374:Right to know
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11900:Clean Air Act
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11277:Supreme Court
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11097:Social media
11096:
11094:
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11092:The Visionary
11089:
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10909:legal affairs
10905:
10898:
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10885:
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10880:
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10516:
10509:
10506:
10503:
10500:
10497:
10496:Mary L. Trump
10494:
10491:
10490:John G. Trump
10488:
10485:
10484:Amalija Knavs
10482:
10479:
10476:
10473:
10472:Vanessa Trump
10470:
10467:
10464:
10461:
10460:Jared Kushner
10458:
10456:(grandmother)
10455:
10452:
10450:(grandfather)
10449:
10446:
10443:
10440:
10437:
10434:
10431:
10428:
10425:
10422:
10419:
10416:
10413:
10412:Tiffany Trump
10410:
10407:
10404:
10401:
10398:
10395:
10392:
10389:
10388:Melania Trump
10386:
10384:(second wife)
10383:
10380:
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10373:
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10210:
10209:legal affairs
10207:
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10200:
10197:
10196:
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9976:
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9947:
9944:
9943:"Hope" poster
9940:
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9923:
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9917:
9909:
9908:
9903:
9899:
9898:
9893:
9889:
9888:
9883:
9879:
9878:
9873:
9869:
9868:
9867:We the People
9863:
9859:
9858:
9853:
9849:
9848:
9843:
9839:
9838:
9833:
9829:
9828:
9823:
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9783:
9779:
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9770:
9764:
9756:
9751:
9748:
9747:
9746:Barack's Dubs
9742:
9738:
9733:
9730:
9729:
9724:
9721:
9720:
9719:Change Is Now
9715:
9711:
9706:
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9693:
9688:
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9679:
9675:
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9666:
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9488:
9485:
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9479:
9476:
9475:
9474:Obama Zombies
9470:
9467:
9466:
9461:
9458:
9457:
9452:
9449:
9448:
9443:
9440:
9439:
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9022:
9018:
9015:
9011:
9008:
9004:
9001:
8997:
8994:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8986:2012 campaign
8983:
8978:
8974:
8971:
8967:
8964:
8960:
8957:
8953:
8948:
8944:
8943:
8941:
8937:
8934:
8933:staff members
8930:
8925:
8921:
8920:
8918:
8914:
8913:
8911:
8910:2008 campaign
8907:
8906:
8904:
8900:
8893:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8882:
8873:
8869:
8868:
8864:
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8827:
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8809:
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8301:
8297:
8294:
8290:
8287:
8283:
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8271:
8267:
8264:
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8218:
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8054:
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7987:
7983:
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7976:
7973:
7969:
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7959:
7955:
7952:
7948:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7932:
7929:
7925:
7922:
7918:
7915:
7914:Libya bombing
7911:
7908:
7904:
7901:
7897:
7894:
7890:
7885:
7881:
7878:
7874:
7869:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7858:
7855:
7851:
7848:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7837:
7832:
7828:
7825:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7814:
7811:
7807:
7806:
7804:
7802:
7798:
7787:
7783:
7780:
7776:
7773:
7769:
7766:
7762:
7759:
7755:
7752:
7748:
7745:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7721:
7720:"Evil empire"
7717:
7716:
7714:
7712:
7708:
7699:
7695:
7692:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7681:
7678:
7674:
7671:
7667:
7664:
7660:
7657:
7653:
7648:
7647:controversies
7644:
7641:
7640:Supreme Court
7637:
7636:
7634:
7630:
7627:
7623:
7620:
7616:
7613:
7609:
7606:
7602:
7598:
7595:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7586:
7582:
7577:
7570:
7565:
7563:
7558:
7556:
7551:
7550:
7547:
7541:
7537:
7536:
7531:
7518:
7517:
7508:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7499:
7497:
7496:
7495:â Gerald Ford
7492:
7491:
7488:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7472:
7469:
7466:
7463:
7460:
7457:
7454:
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7448:
7445:
7442:
7439:
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7427:
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7409:
7405:
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7393:
7390:
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7385:
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7380:
7377:
7374:
7370:
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7358:
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7336:
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7333:
7328:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7319:
7315:
7309:
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7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
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7286:
7284:
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7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7258:
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7238:
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7234:
7230:
7227:
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7199:
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7139:
7137:
7134:
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7127:
7126:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7097:Carter Center
7095:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7086:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7049:
7048:1980 campaign
7046:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7017:
7016:1976 campaign
7014:
7013:
7011:
7007:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6988:Gubernatorial
6986:
6983:
6981:
6977:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6950:
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6887:
6885:
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6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6844:Environmental
6841:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6808:
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6801:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6778:
6777:Energy policy
6774:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
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6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
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6733:
6730:
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6713:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6706:
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6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
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6666:
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6650:
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6436:
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6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6408:
6407:controversies
6405:
6404:
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6400:
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5930:Environmental
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5441:SALT I Treaty
5438:
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5285:controversies
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5278:Supreme Court
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5074:September 11,
5069:
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5030:at Wikisource
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4909:
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4889:
4885:
4878:
4864:on 2021-04-26
4860:
4853:
4846:
4832:on 2019-04-12
4828:
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4790:9781506383446
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4367:43 Stat. 604.
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2999:114â94 (text)
2993:
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2948:
2945:
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2886:CWA 502(14),
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2489:
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2479:
2464:
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2447:
2441:
2434:
2433:Pub.L. 95-217
2428:
2421:
2420:Pub.L. 92-500
2415:
2408:
2402:
2395:
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2373:
2369:
2368:Distillations
2365:
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2055:
2054:
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2043:New York City
2040:
2036:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1992:Supreme Court
1988:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:whistleblower
1902:
1899:
1892:Citizen suits
1884:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1870:and the 1991
1869:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1843:
1836:
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1804:Edmund Muskie
1799:
1790:
1787:
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1748:
1744:
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1703:cooling water
1695:
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1630:cooling water
1627:
1617:
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1604:organization.
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1234:
1225:
1222:
1211:
1202:
1199:
1198:water quality
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
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1167:
1163:
1159:
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1114:
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1081:
1077:
1076:manufacturing
1073:
1072:
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1069:
1068:point sources
1062:Point sources
1055:
1046:
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1039:
1037:
1033:
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1016:
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1007:
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919:
904:
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872:
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859:
857:
853:
849:
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840:
838:
834:
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826:
825:United States
822:
818:
814:
801:
797:
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785:
781:
777:
773:
772:
768:
765:
761:
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748:
745:
741:
737:
733:
732:
728:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:
708:
705:
702:
698:
694:
693:
689:
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675:
674:
670:
667:
664:
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541:
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531:
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518:
515:
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477:
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385:
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347:
344:
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328:
327:
324:
320:
316:
313:
309:
304:
299:
292:
288:
285:
282:
278:
275:
272:
271:Richard Nixon
269:by President
268:
265:
262:
258:
255:) and by the
254:
250:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
230:
227:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
207:
206:Edmund Muskie
203:
200:
199:
196:
191:
187:
183:
180:
176:
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169:
165:
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159:
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90:
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83:
79:
75:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
33:
19:
12388:
12261:Citizen suit
12249:and concepts
12172:
12146:
11944:
11912:
11762:
11754:
11732:
11724:
11716:
11708:
11700:
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11003:
10955:
10947:
10879:endorsements
10847:endorsements
10759:
10705:endorsements
10678:endorsements
10644:announcement
10614:
10606:
10598:
10590:
10582:
10574:
10566:
10558:
10550:
10542:
10534:
10526:
10478:Blaine Trump
10462:(son-in-law)
10442:Robert Trump
10400:Ivanka Trump
10390:(third wife)
10382:Marla Maples
10378:(first wife)
10314:Racial views
10292:Endorsements
10245:
10241:Media career
10167:Donald Trump
10116:
10105:
10096:
9991:
9981:
9975:Iman Crosson
9966:
9957:
9905:
9895:
9885:
9875:
9865:
9855:
9845:
9835:
9825:
9815:
9805:
9795:
9785:
9775:
9744:
9726:
9717:
9692:My President
9598:
9589:
9580:
9571:
9562:
9553:
9544:
9535:
9526:
9517:
9508:
9499:
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9454:
9445:
9436:
9427:
9418:
9409:
9400:
9391:
9382:
9373:
9364:
9358:Bibliography
9293:
9189:Public image
9145:(family dog)
9137:(family dog)
9073:(stepfather)
9071:Lolo Soetoro
8993:endorsements
8917:endorsements
8902:Presidential
8837:State Senate
8807:
8797:
8787:
8777:
8628:Barack Obama
8582:
8573:
8306:
7533:
7509:
7500:
7493:
7468:Emily Dolvin
7462:Billy Carter
7432:Jason Carter
7394:
7388:Jimmy Carter
7386:
7382:UFO incident
7332:Jimmy Carter
7331:
7308:Grammy Award
7293:Hoover Medal
7239:
7231:
7223:
7215:
7207:
7192:
7184:
7176:
7168:
7009:Presidential
6868:
6670:Carter bonds
6525:
6385:January 1981
6355:Inauguration
6290:Jimmy Carter
6244:
6235:
6187:
6165:Enemies List
5977:
5619:War on drugs
5115:
5072:. Retrieved
5068:the original
5063:
5035:EPA programs
5014:
5001:from the EPA
4895:
4891:
4877:
4866:. Retrieved
4859:the original
4845:
4834:. Retrieved
4827:the original
4813:
4799:
4780:
4774:
4737:
4728:
4717:
4713:
4702:
4698:
4676:
4671: (2006).
4655:
4650:
4645: (2006).
4631:
4626: (2001).
4612:
4604:the original
4593:
4577:
4572: (1985).
4559:
4554:
4537:
4526:. Retrieved
4521:
4512:
4501:. Retrieved
4499:. 2017-03-03
4496:
4487:
4470:
4437:
4404:
4398:June 7, 1924
4372:
4363:
4346:
4329:
4325:
4319:
4302:
4294:
4273:EarthJustice
4272:
4248:. Retrieved
4237:
4228:
4218:
4204:
4199:
4190:
4180:
4167:
4162:
4148:
4143:
4134:
4124:
4109:
4104:
4095:
4085:
4070:
4061:
4051:
4042:
4032:
4020:
4011:
4001:
3992:
3982:
3967:
3962:
3953:
3943:
3929:
3915:
3908:
3896:
3879:
3843:
3806:
3776:
3762:
3746:
3724:
3710:
3704:. EPA. 2016.
3701:
3692:
3682:
3674:
3641:
3624:
3607:
3590:
3573:
3558:
3553:
3538:
3533:
3504:CWA 312(n),
3500:
3487:
3471:
3457:
3441:
3424:
3407:
3394:CWA 305(b),
3390:
3357:CWA 303(b),
3353:
3339:
3315:
3301:
3287:
3270:
3245:CWA 307(b),
3241:
3204:
3188:
3171:
3138:CWA 402(r),
3134:
3121:CWA 301(a),
3117:
3095:
3053:
3027:
2982:
2968:
2954:
2929:
2915:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2882:
2871:. Retrieved
2866:
2856:
2842:
2828:
2814:
2805:
2761:
2757:
2748:
2738:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2691:
2686:
2672:
2663:
2653:
2636:
2625:. Retrieved
2621:
2611:
2600:. Retrieved
2593:
2583:
2572:. Retrieved
2568:
2559:
2519:(1): 45â51.
2516:
2512:
2502:
2491:. Retrieved
2487:
2478:
2467:. Retrieved
2462:
2453:
2446:Pub.L. 100-4
2440:
2427:
2414:
2401:
2388:
2376:. Retrieved
2371:
2367:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2248:
2231:
2225:
2215:
2206:
2200:
2191:
2187:
2170:
2158:
2146:
2125:
2119:
2109:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2056:
2051:
2031:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1989:
1981:Donald Trump
1978:
1974:Barack Obama
1951:
1931:
1924:
1908:
1898:citizen suit
1895:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1858:
1856:
1849:
1840:
1825:silviculture
1822:
1813:
1800:
1796:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1761:
1752:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1700:
1684:
1663:
1647:
1638:power plants
1634:fish screens
1623:
1615:
1607:
1594:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1537:
1533:
1507:
1494:
1483:
1481:
1459:
1453:
1446:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1395:
1393:
1376:capital cost
1361:
1344:
1336:
1324:urban runoff
1320:storm drains
1311:
1295:
1288:return flows
1285:
1278:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1217:
1208:
1195:
1175:
1155:
1153:
1145:
1122:
1113:agricultural
1065:
1040:
1031:
1027:
1017:authored by
1004:
981:
974:
962:
950:
933:
915:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
865:. The first
862:
860:
841:
816:
812:
810:
789:
769:
749:
729:
709:
690:
671:
652:
633:
614:
595:
576:
557:
538:
519:
500:
481:
462:
443:
424:
405:
386:
367:
348:
329:
286:
276:
266:
256:
248:
244:
238:
228:
219:
201:
168:§§ 1251
139:Acts amended
134:Codification
72:(colloquial)
12246:Regulations
11213:Joe Biden â
11067:Trump Tower
11037:filmography
10891:Trump Bible
10874:eligibility
10608:Midas Touch
10376:Ivana Trump
10344:perpetrator
10229:tax returns
10181:(2017â2021)
9920:Other media
9582:Rising Star
9465:Game Change
9420:Catastrophe
9349:Books about
9264:2008 Denver
9111:Malik Obama
8884:U.S. Senate
8658:(1997â2004)
8650:(2005â2008)
8642:(2009â2017)
7578:(1981â1989)
7528:âč The
7474:Hugh Carter
7420:Jack Carter
7376:Mary Prince
7360:Residences
7241:A Full Life
7136:White House
6555:Refugee Act
6326:(1963â1967)
6318:(1971â1975)
6307:(1977â1981)
6214:Resignation
5734:Nixon shock
5335:Vietnam War
5264:Wilson desk
5160:(1969â1974)
5110:âč The
3906:§ 1381
3889:§ 1367
3873:§ 1365
3816:§ 1345
3756:§ 1344
3600:§ 1342
3583:§ 1341
3480:§ 1329
3450:§ 1326
3434:§ 1323
3417:§ 1319
3333:§ 1315
3325:§ 1313
3230:§ 1316
3214:§ 1311
3193:40 CFR
3063:§ 1251
2892:§ 1362
2646:§ 1362
2139:Roadmaster
2077:assistance.
1720:POTWs with
1591:Enforcement
1351:storm sewer
1133:territories
989:playa lakes
889:Groundwater
821:federal law
706: (2013)
687: (2013)
668: (2012)
649: (2009)
630: (2009)
611: (2007)
592: (2006)
573: (2006)
554: (2004)
535: (2002)
516: (2001)
497: (1994)
478: (1992)
459: (1985)
440: (1985)
421: (1982)
402: (1981)
383: (1980)
364: (1980)
345: (1977)
12461:Categories
11815:Refuse Act
11187:Pseudonyms
11150:Fort Trump
11084:Mar-a-Lago
11079:Bedminster
11057:Residences
11027:Foundation
10862:convention
10791:convention
10693:convention
10466:Lara Trump
10418:Fred Trump
10414:(daughter)
10406:Eric Trump
10402:(daughter)
10351:in Florida
10002:Obama logo
9766:Film, TV,
9654:Yes We Can
9619:Obama Girl
9492:The Bridge
9438:The Speech
9220:litigation
9103:Auma Obama
9055:Ann Dunham
9007:convention
8963:convention
8717:Yes We Can
7868:INF Treaty
7861:Washington
7594:Transition
7434:(grandson)
7428:(daughter)
7426:Amy Carter
7364:Birthplace
7255:and honors
7119:The Elders
7063:convention
7031:convention
6565:FISA Court
6350:Transition
6336:Presidency
5176:Transition
4868:2019-10-21
4836:2017-04-01
4528:2019-02-24
4503:2019-03-04
4480:Transcript
4461:, enacted
4453:, 79
4428:, enacted
4420:, 62
4396:, enacted
4388:, 43
4312:§ 401
3085:(Report).
2873:2012-10-09
2627:2023-05-26
2602:2017-04-24
2574:2017-04-24
2493:2017-04-24
2469:2017-04-24
2374:(1): 16â29
2345:. RL30030.
2327:References
2243:See also:
2132:certiorari
2039:Refuse Act
1968:under the
1793:Exemptions
1739:wastewater
1707:stormwater
1516:standards.
1467:earmarking
1443:standards.
1313:Stormwater
1182:water body
923:wastewater
907:Background
899:, and the
827:governing
202:Introduced
105:Public law
60:Long title
11828:Weeks Act
11822:Lacey Act
11790:decisions
11786:treaties,
11280:decisions
11101:media use
10762:recording
10715:reactions
10627:Campaigns
10576:Trump 101
10444:(brother)
10438:(brother)
10055:Namesakes
10009:In comics
9768:and stage
9646:will.i.am
9196:News and
9000:primaries
8940:primaries
8821:Elections
8000:H-2B visa
7993:H-2A visa
7854:ReykjavĂk
7464:(brother)
7330:USS
7053:primaries
7021:primaries
6980:Elections
6879:Superfund
6680:DIDMC Act
6105:Watergate
4972:from the
4959:from the
4692:. R41225.
4482:(see p1).
3900:CWA 601,
3883:CWA 507,
3867:CWA 505,
3810:CWA 405,
3577:CWA 401,
3428:CWA 313,
3411:CWA 309,
3208:CWA 301,
3057:CWA 101,
2533:0143-005X
2122:decision.
2070:material.
2007:Joe Biden
1933:country.
1859:biosolids
1857:The term
1852:biosolids
1011:plurality
940:turbidity
901:Superfund
856:40 C.F.R.
182:33 U.S.C.
100:Citations
92:Effective
12451:Wetlands
12313:LDV Rule
11227:Category
11155:Trumpism
11106:conflict
11050:parodies
11042:in music
10971:New York
10941:criminal
10510:(cousin)
10504:(nephew)
10432:(sister)
10426:(mother)
10420:(father)
10307:timeline
10302:Protests
10282:Rhetoric
10275:Trumpism
10192:politics
10190:Life and
10123:Category
9065:(father)
9057:(mother)
9021:election
8977:election
8829:Illinois
8673:politics
8671:Life and
7986:Form I-9
7831:2nd term
7824:1st term
7817:Cold War
7711:Speeches
7585:Timeline
7530:template
7516:Category
7476:(cousin)
7458:(sister)
7452:(sister)
7446:(mother)
7440:(father)
7073:election
7041:election
6926:Speeches
6360:Timeline
6341:timeline
6114:Timeline
5547:Title IX
5167:Timeline
5112:template
5084:cite web
4932:30297391
4886:(2019).
4350:37
4338:43294085
4246:. People
4043:The Hill
2551:10692962
2280:See also
2182:case law
2104:Case law
1568:Title IV
1540:Title IV
1487:Title IV
1463:Title VI
1380:Title VI
1372:Title II
1221:toxicity
1148:Congress
1117:feedlots
1001:wetlands
877:and the
837:wetlands
122:86
69:Acronyms
12425:Portals
11953:(1972)
11811:(1899)
11123:covfefe
11015:Related
10966:Georgia
10884:debates
10852:debates
10835:rallies
10813:debates
10774:rallies
10710:debates
10683:debates
10656:rallies
10498:(niece)
10492:(uncle)
10356:suspect
10026:Related
9014:debates
8970:debates
7626:Cabinet
7532:below (
7378:(nanny)
7354:Related
7197:(2006)
7068:debates
7036:debates
6397:Cabinet
5420:DĂ©tente
5114:below (
4987:details
4968:of the
4955:of the
4923:6431143
4900:Bibcode
4443:Pub. L.
4410:Pub. L.
4378:Pub. L.
4250:May 25,
3909:et seq.
3648:Pub. L.
3515:Pub. L.
3153:Pub. L.
3102:Pub. L.
3038:Pub. L.
3009:Pub. L.
2991:Pub. L.
2936:Pub. L.
2542:1731533
2378:4 April
2239:Effects
2232:Rapanos
2120:Rapanos
1764:dredged
1600:issued.
1032:Rapanos
1028:Rapanos
1013:of the
997:sloughs
823:in the
12398:(2010)
12315:(2010)
12309:(2022)
12303:(2007)
12189:(2022)
12183:(2022)
12169:(2021)
12163:(2018)
12157:(2016)
12143:(2007)
12137:(2005)
12131:(1996)
12120:(1990)
12114:(1990)
12108:(1990)
12102:(1986)
12096:(1986)
12090:(1980)
12084:(1978)
12078:(1977)
12072:(1976)
12066:(1976)
12060:(1976)
12054:(1975)
12048:(1975)
11990:(1973)
11984:(1973)
11978:(1972)
11972:(1972)
11966:(1972)
11941:(1970)
11935:(1970)
11929:(1969)
11923:(1965)
11896:(1961)
11890:(1956)
11884:(1955)
11878:(1954)
11872:(1934)
11866:(1928)
11860:(1924)
11854:(1924)
11848:(1918)
11842:(1913)
11836:(1911)
11830:(1911)
11824:(1900)
11805:(1897)
11799:(1872)
11767:(2021)
11759:(1998)
11746:CERCLA
11737:(2023)
11729:(2020)
11721:(2018)
11713:(2016)
11705:(2013)
11697:(2012)
11689:(2009)
11681:(2009)
11673:(2007)
11665:(2006)
11657:(2006)
11649:(2004)
11641:(2001)
11633:(1985)
11611:(2021)
11603:(2018)
11595:(2007)
11587:(1995)
11579:(1992)
11571:(1978)
11549:(2012)
11541:(1978)
11519:(2022)
11511:(2021)
11503:(2015)
11495:(2014)
11487:(2011)
11479:(2007)
11471:(2007)
11463:(2004)
11455:(2004)
11447:(2001)
11439:(1984)
11431:(1975)
11409:(2010)
11401:(2008)
11393:(2004)
11385:(2004)
11377:(1983)
11369:(1983)
11361:(1973)
11339:(2021)
11331:(2000)
11323:(1990)
11315:(1979)
11307:(1978)
11299:(1972)
11291:(1920)
11022:Family
11006:(2024)
10958:(2022)
10619:(2015)
10611:(2011)
10603:(2011)
10595:(2007)
10587:(2006)
10579:(2006)
10571:(2004)
10563:(2004)
10555:(2000)
10547:(1997)
10539:(1990)
10531:(1987)
10369:Family
10224:wealth
9910:(2022)
9900:(2022)
9890:(2021)
9880:(2021)
9870:(2021)
9860:(2020)
9850:(2016)
9840:(2016)
9830:(2016)
9820:(2012)
9810:(2012)
9800:(2010)
9790:(2010)
9787:Change
9780:(2009)
9049:(wife)
9038:Family
8810:(2020)
8800:(2010)
8790:(2006)
8780:(1995)
8735:, 2008
8727:, 2008
8719:, 2008
8711:, 2004
7877:Moscow
7847:Geneva
7738:(1981)
7730:(1987)
7722:(1983)
7470:(aunt)
7416:(wife)
7407:Family
7346:(1994)
7340:(1987)
7326:(1976)
7317:Legacy
7253:Awards
7244:(2015)
7236:(2014)
7228:(2010)
7220:(2009)
7212:(2007)
7189:(2006)
7181:(2003)
7173:(1987)
6846:policy
6221:Pardon
6192:(1974)
5932:policy
4930:
4920:
4787:
4457:
4451:89â234
4449:
4424:
4418:80â845
4416:
4392:
4386:68â238
4384:
4354:
4336:
4310:
3904:
3887:
3871:
3814:
3754:
3665:
3654:
3615:
3598:
3581:
3521:
3508:
3478:
3448:
3432:
3415:
3398:
3361:
3331:
3323:
3257:
3249:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3179:
3159:
3142:
3125:
3110:97â117
3108:
3061:
3044:
3015:
2997:
2942:
2890:
2729:
2644:
2549:
2539:
2531:
2014:Agency
1364:grants
1316:runoff
1129:tribes
1125:states
1108:), and
1080:mining
975:Under
796:23-753
794:, No.
778:,
776:21-454
774:, No.
758:,
756:18-260
754:, No.
738:,
736:16-299
734:, No.
718:,
716:15-290
714:, No.
291:247-23
267:Vetoed
257:Senate
253:366-11
188:変1151
186:ch. 23
166:
158:U.S.C.
126:
109:92-500
12439:Water
11779:Major
11748:cases
11622:cases
11560:cases
11530:cases
11420:cases
11350:cases
10936:civil
10519:Books
10408:(son)
10396:(son)
9847:Barry
9611:Music
9591:Shade
9143:Sunny
8768:Books
8522:MACRS
7422:(son)
7161:Books
4862:(PDF)
4855:(PDF)
4830:(PDF)
4823:(PDF)
4738:NPDES
4686:(PDF)
4664:
4638:
4619:
4565:
4546:(PDF)
4476:Video
4455:Stat.
4422:Stat.
4390:Stat.
4352:Stat.
4334:JSTOR
4156:22250
4117:56626
3975:37054
3840:(PDF)
3734:(PDF)
3659:(PDF)
3633:(PDF)
3566:43465
3526:(PDF)
3491:EPA.
3279:(PDF)
3164:(PDF)
3083:(PDF)
3020:(PDF)
3002:(PDF)
2947:(PDF)
2694:EPA,
2339:(PDF)
1111:Some
903:act.
867:FWPCA
782:
762:
742:
722:
699:
680:
661:
642:
623:
604:
585:
566:
547:
528:
509:
490:
471:
452:
433:
414:
395:
376:
357:
338:
321:cases
281:52-12
184:
124:Stat.
12040:2007
12036:2000
12032:1999
12028:1996
12024:1992
12020:1990
12016:1988
12012:1986
12008:1976
12004:1974
11528:RCRA
11348:NEPA
10747:2024
10742:2020
10732:2016
10260:Golf
8892:2004
8872:2000
8858:2002
8851:1998
8844:1996
7603:and
7369:Home
7000:1970
6995:1966
6968:1981
6963:1980
6958:1979
6953:1978
6380:1980
6375:1979
6370:1978
6365:1977
6313:76th
6302:39th
5090:link
5076:2013
4928:PMID
4785:ISBN
4666:U.S.
4640:U.S.
4621:U.S.
4567:U.S.
4497:WEWS
4426:1155
4252:2023
4229:NRDC
4212:3004
4173:Text
3853:9248
3546:3173
3183:and
2727:ISBN
2547:PMID
2529:ISSN
2380:2018
1954:rule
1925:The
1139:and
1090:and
1009:, a
999:and
811:The
800:U.S.
784:U.S.
764:U.S.
744:U.S.
724:U.S.
701:U.S.
682:U.S.
663:U.S.
644:U.S.
625:U.S.
606:U.S.
587:U.S.
568:U.S.
549:U.S.
530:U.S.
511:U.S.
492:U.S.
473:U.S.
454:U.S.
435:U.S.
416:U.S.
397:U.S.
378:U.S.
359:U.S.
340:U.S.
261:74-0
233:86-0
172:1387
84:the
11620:CWA
11558:ESA
11418:CAA
11048:SNL
6144:CRP
4991:GPO
4983:PDF
4961:LII
4918:PMC
4908:doi
4896:116
4760:doi
4669:715
4662:547
4643:370
4636:547
4624:159
4617:531
4570:121
4563:474
4459:903
4394:604
4356:309
4207:88
4151:85
4112:84
3970:80
3848:58
3561:85
3541:82
3196:133
2692:See
2622:NPR
2537:PMC
2521:doi
2192:See
1500:.)
1495:See
1484:See
1469:."
1460:see
1296:See
1143:.)
1137:III
817:CWA
780:598
760:590
740:583
720:578
704:597
697:568
678:568
666:120
659:566
647:261
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