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1140:, The Journal of Juristic Papyrology, Vol. XXV, 1995, pp. 131-146: "Are two different etymologies of Memnonia and Memnon possible in the same area? We are approaching again the very essence of the problem. Is the name of Memnonia a derivative of the appellation of the vocal colossus or is that name independent from the name of Memnon applied to the statue of Amenhotep III? Consequently, the question is whether there was an Egyptian Memnon different from Amenhotep III or was the name of Nebmaatre the unique source of the Memnonian place-names in western Thebes?"
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complex consisted of three pylons, each fronted by colossal statues, while at the far end a rectangular Temple complex consisted of a peristyle court surrounded by columns. So far four of the statues have been re-erected, with eight waiting to be re-erected, while some 200 statues or pieces of statues are in the Luxor Museum, some on display, others in store awaiting conservation.
683:, came to marvel at the statues. The last recorded reliable mention of the sound dates from 196. Sometime later in the Roman era, the upper tiers of sandstone were added (the original remains of the top half have never been found); the date of this reconstruction is unknown, but local tradition places it circa 199, and attributes it to the Roman Emperor
632:
reportedly shattered the northern colossus, collapsing it from the waist up and cracking the lower half. Following its rupture, the remaining lower half of this statue was then reputed to "sing" on various occasions – always within an hour or two of sunrise, usually right at dawn. The sound was most
1352:
I too, when I was present at the places with Aelius Gallus and his crowd of associates, both friends and soldiers, heard the noise at about the first hour, but whether it came from the base or from the colossus, or whether the noise was made on purpose by one of the men who were standing all round
472:
Soon after its construction the temple was destroyed by an earthquake, recently dated by the
Armenian Institute of Seismology to around 1200 BC, which left only the two huge colossi at the entrance still standing. These were further destroyed by an earthquake in 27 BC, after which they were partly
280:
Both statues are quite damaged, with the features above the waist virtually unrecognizable. The southern statue comprises a single piece of stone, but the northern figure has a large extensive crack in the lower half and above the waist consists of 5 tiers of stone. These upper levels consist of a
476:
The 1200 BC earthquake also opened numerous chasms in the ground which meant that many statues were buried, some in pristine condition. These have been the subject of extensive restoration and excavation conducted by the
Armenian/German archaeologist Hourig Sourouzian, who has revealed that the
690:
Various explanations have been offered for the phenomenon; these are of two types: natural or man-made. Strabo himself apparently was too far away to be able to determine its nature: he reported that he could not determine if it came from the pedestal, the shattered upper area, or "the people
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The statues contain 107 Roman-era inscriptions in Greek and Latin, dated between 20-250CE; these inscriptions allowed modern travellers to connect the statues to the classical Greek and Latin literature. Many of the inscriptions include the name "Memnon".
871:
277:). Including the stone platforms on which they stand – themselves about 4 m (13 ft) – the colossi reach 18 m (60 ft) in height and weigh an estimated 720 tons each. The two figures are about 15 m (50 ft) apart.
1353:
and near to the base, I am unable positively to assert; for on account of the uncertainty of the cause I am induced to believe anything rather than that the sound issued from stones thus fixed. Strabo, Rerum
Geographicarum. XVII 1.46
304:): a massive construct built during the pharaoh's lifetime, where he was worshipped as a god-on-earth both before and after his departure from this world. In its day, this temple complex was the largest and most opulent in
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is the usual location for more modern reports). Perhaps the most convincing argument against it being the result of human agents is that it did cease, probably due to the added weight of the reconstructed upper tiers.
644:, who said that he heard the sound during a visit in 20 BCE, by which time it apparently was already well-known. The description varied; Strabo said it sounded "like a blow", Pausanias compared it to "the string of a
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1250:
La statue vocale de Memnon considérée dans ses rapports avec l'Égypte et la Grèce: étude historique faisant suite aux recherches pour servir à l'histoire de l'Égypte pendant la domination des grecs et des
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987:
550:
in the 19th century, William de
Wiveleslie Abney noted that "(t)he Arabs called these statues 'Shama' and 'Tama', and when speaking of them together gave them the appelation of Sanamât, or the idols."
184:. The statues contain 107 Roman-era inscriptions in Greek and Latin, dated to between AD 20 and 250; many of these inscriptions on the northernmost statue make reference to the Greek mythological king
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14th century BC) in a seated position, his hands resting on his knees and his gaze facing eastwards (actually ESE in modern bearings) towards the river. Two shorter figures are carved into the front
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269:(Luxor). The stones are believed to be too heavy to have been transported upstream on the Nile. The blocks used by later Roman engineers to reconstruct the northern colossus may have come from
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672:. In addition, the base of the statue is inscribed with about 90 surviving inscriptions of contemporary tourists reporting whether they had heard the sound or not.
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Archaeoseismological studies at the temple of
Amenhotep III, Luxor, Egypt, Arkadi Karakhanyan et al, The Geological Society of America Special Paper 471, 2010
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shows the
Colossi surrounded by water – and it was not unknown for later rulers to dismantle, purloin, and reuse portions of their predecessors' monuments.
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R. F. Heizer; F. Stross; T. R. Hester; A. Albee; I. Perlman; F. Asaro; H. Bowman (1973-12-21). "The
Colossi of Memnon Revisited".
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often reported in
February or March, but this is probably more a reflection of the tourist season rather than any actual pattern.
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710:(late 18th and early 19th centuries) seem to be hoaxes, either by the writers or perhaps by locals perpetuating the phenomenon.
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Scholars have debated how the identification of the northern colossus as "Memnon" is connected to the Greek name for the entire
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With the exception of the
Colossi, however, very little remains today of Amenhotep's temple. It stood on the edge of the Nile
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standing around at the base". If natural, the sound was probably caused by rising temperatures and the evaporation of
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in an attempt to curry favour with the oracle (it is known that he visited the statue, but did not hear the sound).
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The legend of the "Vocal Memnon", the luck that hearing it was reputed to bring, and the reputation of the statue's
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The modern Arabic name is Kom el-Hatan, but it is generally known by the Roman name as the Temple of Memnon.
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became generally referred to as the
Memnonium making him "Ruler of the west" as in the case of the god
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Sourouzian, H. and Lawler, A.; Unearthing Egypt's Greatest Temple, Smithsonian Magazine 38, 46–53.
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Similar sounds, although much rarer, have been heard from some of the other Egyptian monuments (
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Wilfong, T.; S. Sidebotham; J. Keenan; DARMC; R. Talbert; S. Gillies; T. Elliott; J. Becker.
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Armin Wirsching: "Excursion on transport and erection of the Colossi" in: Armin Wirsching:
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powers became known outside of Egypt, and a constant stream of visitors, including several
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La statue vocale de Memnon considérée dans ses rapports avec l'Égypte et la Grèce
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Time Life Lost Civilizations series: Ramses II: Magnificence on the Nile (1993)
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The original function of the Colossi was to stand guard at the entrance to
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The Language of Ruins: Greek and Latin Inscriptions on the Memnon Colossus
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to help defend the beleaguered city of Troy but was ultimately slain by
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Side panel detail showing two flanked relief images of the deity
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Obelisken transportieren und aufrichten in Aegypten und in Rom
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Buildings and structures completed in the 14th century BC
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Recueil des inscriptions grecques et latines de l'Égypte
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The "Vocal Memnon" features prominently in one scene of
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Recueil des inscriptions grecques et latines de l'Égypte
265:) and transported 675 km (420 mi) overland to
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and then catalogued in the second volume (1848) of his
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The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia
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The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia
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The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia
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David Roberts: Statues of Memnon Thebes Decr 4th 1838
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https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/colossi-of-memnon
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636:The earliest report in literature is that of the
339:and, to the right, a sculpture of the royal wife
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1422:Colossi of Memnon: View of the northern colossi
585:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
328:, as it stood in Amenhotep's time, was smaller.
1463:: "Three Strange Sounds: The Cry of Memnon" in
1436:https://www.worldhistory.org/Colossi_of_Memnon/
1400:https://www.worldhistory.org/Septimius_Severus/
1389:Plinio, Naturalis Historiae. XXXVI, VII, 10-12.
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1020:Colossal red granite statue of Amenhotep III
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652:or whistling. Other ancient sources include
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1465:Enigmas: Another Book of Unexplained Facts
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324:were unable to match it in area; even the
38:
1298:Liddell-Scott-Jones Greek-English Lexicon
616:Learn how and when to remove this message
357:
172:, which stand at the front of the ruined
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1328:Strabo, Rerum Geographicarum. XVII 42-46
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473:reconstructed by the Roman authorities.
330:
234:
1434:Colossi of Memnon § The Singing Statue
1424:https://curate.nd.edu/show/b8515m63c0t/
1362:Strabo, Rerum Geographicarum. XVII, 561
217:alongside his legs: these are his wife
16:Two Ancient Egyptian statues near Luxor
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1227:Thebes and its five greater temples
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253:The statues are made from blocks of
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949:Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien
706:A few mentions of the sound in the
13:
225:. The side panels depict the Nile
14:
2341:
2002:Ancient Egyptian race controversy
1485:
1080:"Places: 786066 (Memnon Colossi)"
993:1851, first ever photographs, by
978:1851, first ever photographs, by
963:1851, first ever photographs, by
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1254:(in French). Imprimerie royale.
1502:Description by Count de Forbin
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1497:Book XVII, Strabo's Geography
1492:Colossus of Memnon (Nova/PBS)
1371:Pausania, Attica. I, XLII, 3.
1176:10.1126/science.182.4118.1219
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529:), which became known as the
44:The Colossi of Memnon in 2015
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543:who was called chief of the
521:) was said to be the son of
176:, the largest temple in the
7:
2310:Sculptures of ancient Egypt
2187:Egypt–Mesopotamia relations
2007:Population history of Egypt
1774:Luxor International Airport
1453:: "The Voice of Memnon" in
1232:William de Wiveleslie Abney
1110:. Oxford University Press.
1013:
526:
513:. Memnon (whose name means
298:Amenhotep's memorial temple
287:William de Wiveleslie Abney
154:
30:
10:
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883:, showing the inscriptions
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501:, who led his armies from
2305:Colossal statues in Egypt
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1567:Mortuary Temple of Seti I
1549:
1311:Lives of the Necromancers
1104:Rosenmeyer, P.A. (2018).
1025:List of largest monoliths
1008:An Egyptian postage stamp
832:Notable historical images
640:historian and geographer
553:
535:. Eventually, the entire
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2239:Ancient Egypt portal
1308:Godwin, William (1876).
1236:University of Heidelberg
793:East (or north) colossus
781:West (or south) colossus
695:inside the porous rock.
571:This section includes a
205:The twin statues depict
161:) are two massive stone
1380:Tacito, Annales. II, 61
1247:Letronne, A.J. (1833).
880:Description de l'Égypte
863:Description de l'Égypte
737:They are referenced in
600:more precise citations.
480:
1256:Also plates available
358:Roman era inscriptions
343:
257:which was quarried at
250:
121:18 m (60 ft)
1913:Glossary of artifacts
1138:MEMNON, KING OF EGYPT
769:The colossi of Memnon
726:They also show up in
368:Jean-Antoine Letronne
334:
238:
72:25.72056°N 32.61056°E
1824:Valley of the Queens
1789:Mummification Museum
1714:List of Theban tombs
1614:Valley of the Queens
1271:, volume 2, planches
126:Completion date
2325:Unidentified sounds
2059:Cursive hieroglyphs
1844:Tombs of the Nobles
1819:Valley of the Kings
1794:Winter Palace Hotel
1672:Sheikh Abd el-Qurna
1602:Valley of the Kings
1168:1973Sci...182.1219H
995:John Beasley Greene
980:John Beasley Greene
965:John Beasley Greene
628:In 27 BCE, a large
255:quartzite sandstone
68: /
21:
2032:Funerary practices
1410:Colossi of Memnon
1398:Septimius Severus
1136:Adam Łukaszewicz,
946:1850s in Lepsius'
573:list of references
532:Colossus of Memnon
462:1743 transcription
450:1743 transcription
344:
281:different type of
251:
244:Colosses de Memnon
195:as the Memnonium.
77:25.72056; 32.61056
19:
2315:Theban Necropolis
2287:
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2042:Great Royal Wives
2012:Prehistoric Egypt
1867:
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1859:Colossi of Memnon
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1662:Dra' Abu el-Naga'
1543:Theban Necropolis
1480:978-3-8334-8513-8
1117:978-0-19-062632-7
685:Septimius Severus
626:
625:
618:
537:Theban Necropolis
426:Base inscriptions
291:Septimius Severus
261:(near modern-day
259:el-Gabal el-Ahmar
193:Theban Necropolis
178:Theban Necropolis
147:Colossi of Memnon
143:
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134:Dedicated to
20:Colossi of Memnon
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1901:Ancient Egypt
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1162:: 1219–1225.
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1060:on 2013-04-19
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756:Modern images
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352:David Roberts
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306:Ancient Egypt
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182:Egyptologists
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170:Amenhotep III
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52:
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36:
32:
28:
23:
1941:Architecture
1858:
1829:Medinet Habu
1784:Luxor Museum
1769:Luxor Temple
1667:Qurnet Murai
1631:Bab el-Gasus
1562:Medinet Habu
1550:Temple sites
1471:
1464:
1454:
1445:Bibliography
1430:
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1376:
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1132:
1121:. Retrieved
1106:
1084:. Retrieved
1073:
1062:. Retrieved
1058:the original
1053:
1044:
947:
930:
913:
896:
878:
877:c.1800 from
861:
860:c.1800 from
812:
810:clipper ship
806:Sailing card
742:
736:
725:
718:
715:Henrik Ibsen
712:
705:
697:
689:
674:
666:Philostratus
635:
627:
612:
606:January 2015
603:
592:Please help
584:
549:
531:
484:
475:
471:
375:
371:
370:in his 1831
365:
361:
345:
322:Medinet Habu
318:Ramesses III
295:
279:
252:
243:
204:
197:
190:
158:
146:
144:
2279:WikiProject
2093:Mathematics
2054:Hieroglyphs
1968:Portraiture
1936:Agriculture
1923:Main topics
1626:Royal Cache
1451:Lord Curzon
1341:Godwin 1876
929:1830s from
912:1830s from
895:1830s from
728:Oscar Wilde
598:introducing
468:Earthquakes
310:Ramesses II
221:and mother
201:Description
155:el-Colossat
75: /
31:el-Colossat
2294:Categories
2209:Egyptology
2177:Technology
2140:Philosophy
2088:Literature
1980:Chronology
1647:el-Assasif
1123:2022-02-13
1082:. Pleiades
1064:2012-06-06
1031:References
630:earthquake
507:Asia Minor
495:Trojan War
348:floodplain
273:(north of
159:es-Salamat
63:32°36′38″E
60:25°43′14″N
2113:Mythology
2037:Geography
2027:Dynasties
1975:Astronomy
1812:West Bank
1762:East Bank
1652:el-Khokha
1577:Ramesseum
1086:March 22,
1036:Citations
741:'s novel
720:Peer Gynt
658:Pausanias
527:see below
314:Ramesseum
283:sandstone
223:Mutemwiya
111:quartzite
2249:Category
2170:District
2165:Capitals
2150:Religion
2133:Titulary
2123:Pharaohs
2103:Military
2098:Medicine
2081:Hieratic
2071:Language
1997:Clothing
1951:Obelisks
1657:el-Tarif
1192:39052980
1184:17811309
1158:(4118).
1054:BBC News
1014:See also
845:1743 by
808:for the
677:oracular
519:Resolute
511:Achilles
107:Material
91:West of
88:Location
2269:Outline
2259:Commons
2219:Museums
2155:Scribes
2145:Pottery
2076:Demotic
2066:History
2017:Cuisine
1946:Revival
1854:Malkata
1619:burials
1607:burials
1251:romains
1164:Bibcode
1152:Science
751:Gallery
670:Juvenal
662:Tacitus
594:improve
493:of the
167:Pharaoh
165:of the
163:statues
129:1350 BC
2118:People
1985:Cities
1903:topics
1478:
1467:(1929)
1457:(1923)
1190:
1182:
1114:
813:Memnon
700:Karnak
642:Strabo
554:Sounds
541:Osiris
503:Africa
489:was a
487:Memnon
267:Thebes
215:throne
186:Memnon
151:Arabic
118:Height
102:statue
27:Arabic
2182:Trade
2160:Sites
2108:Music
2022:Dance
1956:Pylon
1918:Index
1755:Luxor
1230:, by
1188:S2CID
654:Pliny
650:brass
638:Greek
579:, or
505:into
275:Aswan
263:Cairo
113:stone
93:Luxor
2128:List
2047:List
1990:List
1688:Aten
1476:ISBN
1258:here
1180:PMID
1112:ISBN
1088:2013
668:and
646:lyre
545:west
497:and
491:hero
481:Name
341:Tiye
337:Hapi
300:(or
271:Edfu
230:Hapi
219:Tiye
145:The
99:Type
1963:Art
1172:doi
1156:182
734:."
717:'s
693:dew
523:Eos
517:or
320:'s
316:or
312:'s
227:god
211:fl.
157:or
2296::
1333:^
1316:32
1218:^
1186:.
1178:.
1170:.
1154:.
1096:^
1052:.
744:V.
723:.
664:,
660:,
583:,
575:,
547:.
378:.
242:,
232:.
153::
29::
1893:e
1886:t
1879:v
1746:e
1739:t
1732:v
1535:e
1528:t
1521:v
1318:.
1194:.
1174::
1166::
1126:.
1090:.
1067:.
619:)
613:(
608:)
604:(
590:.
209:(
149:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
