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502:. The disproportionate number of deaths between whites and blacks, and documented accounts that at least 50 black prisoners were executed while unarmed and under control of the white militia, 20th-century historians redefined the "riot" as a "massacre". The event is significant because blacks, who comprised the majority in the parish, organized to defend themselves and their political rights and were mass murdered.
116:
86:
549:
In 2007, the Red River
Heritage Association was founded to collect and interpret the history of Reconstruction, especially in the Red River area and Louisiana. The association is raising funds to restore a bank in Colfax near the former courthouse site to use as a museum, archives and interpretive
1040:
living together, 32.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.16.
1068:
acquired it in 2002 from Safety-Kleen. The plant disposes of explosives and munitions waste by open burns from ammunition plants or defense contractors at "at least 42 locations across 22 states". In July 2017 it has been described as "the only commercial facility in the nation" allowed to do so
1044:
In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over,
1004:
of 2000, there were 1,659 people, 600 households, and 408 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,111.3 inhabitants per square mile (429.1/km). There were 709 housing units at an average density of 474.9 per square mile (183.4/km). The racial makeup of the town was 67.81%
497:
officials at the county courthouse and had gathered there as tensions rose in a post-election dispute. A contemporary report by the U.S. military documented the three white fatalities and 105 black victims by name, with 15-20 unidentified blacks found in the
513:
by the federal government. Both the Fusion-Democrats and the
Republicans held inaugurations and certified their own slates of local officers. Following the events of 1873, in 1874 Nash gathered many of the same men to establish the
522:
organization that operated on behalf of
Democrats and eventually had chapters in many areas of Louisiana. It worked to intimidate and attack black voters, to run Republicans out of office, and to suppress black voting.
530:
that read, "In Loving
Remembrance, Erected to the Memory of the Heroes, Stephen Decatur Parish, James West Hadnot, Sidney Harris. Who fell in the Colfax Riot, fighting for White Supremacy, April 13, 1873."
1524:
1105:
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paramilitary violence in other areas of the state, especially during campaigns and elections, federal troops remained in
Louisiana until 1877, when they were removed on orders of U.S. President
1337:
Keith, LeeAnna. The Colfax
Massacre: The Untold Story of Black Power, White Terror, and the Death of Reconstruction. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2009.
61:
1048:
The median income for a household in the town was $ 17,500, and the median income for a family was $ 20,000. Males had a median income of $ 25,313 versus $ 14,310 for females. The
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In 1950 the state commerce department erected a historical marker identifying the site of the "Colfax Riot"; it says that the militia's victory "marked the end of
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616:, Colfax has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km), of which 0.01 square miles (0.02 km), or 0.54%, is water.
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1092:. His family moved to Colfax in 1817. In 2016, Brown sponsored a bill to ban open burning of hazardous waste in Louisiana.
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Rodriguez, J. P. (Ed.). (2007). Slavery in the United States : A Social, Political, and
Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO.
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Kaboom Town. The U.S. military burns millions of pounds of munitions in a tiny, African-American corner of
Louisiana.
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The
Louisiana Pecan Festival Country Store is activated during the annual festival the first weekend of November.
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A facility burning explosives and munitions waste first opened in Colfax in 1985, and was licensed in 1993.
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There were 600 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.3% were
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and three whites were killed in one of the most egregious acts of terrorism during
Reconstruction. A white
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Mayor is listed among the state and local officials who have endorsed the reelection in 2014 of Democrat
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2018:
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The Colfax Massacre: The Untold Story of Black Power, White Terror, & The Death of Reconstruction
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The Day Freedom Died, The Colfax Massacre, The Supreme Court, and the Betrayal of Reconstruction
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The Day Freedom Died: The Colfax Massacre, the Supreme Court, and the Betrayal of Reconstruction
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1958:
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for the town was $ 10,155. About 36.3% of families and 41.0% of the population were below the
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without environmental emissions controls. It has been burning propellant waste from the
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2008:
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On April 13, 1921, the white citizens of Colfax unveiled a 12-foot (3.7 m) marble
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1242:"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Colfax city, Louisiana"
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1525:"Fun ... in a nutshell: La. Pecan Festival in Colfax gets great weather, big crowd"
1084:, has been the District 22 state representative from Colfax; he is one of only two
602:
423:
992:, there were 1,428 people, 686 households, and 470 families residing in the town.
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2118:
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1817:
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Colfax Elementary School; pupils in Colfax attend Grant High School in nearby
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143:
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519:
515:
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1918:
1858:+This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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449:. The largely African American population of Colfax counted 1,558 at the
434:
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passes through the center of town, leading east 2 miles (3 km) to
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1922:
1116:, the only remaining school in the town is Colfax Elementary School.
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442:
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205:
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election of 1872, finally determined in the favor of the Republican
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1037:
482:
1173:"Landrieu's GOP Endorsements Pale In Comparison To 2008 Election"
1129:
593:, and has an elevation of 95 feet (29.0 m) above sea level.
527:
478:
1001:
470:
357:
336:
1382:
473:, April 13, 1873, to quell black voting. One hundred-fifty
35:
489:, who claimed to have been elected sheriff on a Fusionist/
1455:
1482:"Rep. Brown: Rapides not being 'good neighbor' to Grant"
445:, United States, founded in 1869. Colfax is part of the
589:(31.519783, -92.708446), on the northeast side of the
1100:Public schools in Grant Parish are operated by the
1479:
1315:. Louisiana Historical Association. Archived from
1187:
1280:"Military Report on Colfax Riot, 1875", from the
3137:Towns in Alexandria metropolitan area, Louisiana
3108:
1401:
66:Location of Colfax in Grant Parish, Louisiana.
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1917:
1903:
1648:
1522:
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1234:
558:Colfax is located in western Grant Parish at
1076:
609:is 26 miles (42 km) to the southeast.
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2268:
1910:
1896:
1655:
1641:
1357:"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990"
1231:
1033:of any race were 0.54% of the population.
538:misrule in the South." Because of similar
417:
405:
397:
389:
1138:, state representative for Grant Parish
447:Alexandria, Louisiana metropolitan area
3109:
2289:
1599:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1132:from 1952 to 1956, was born in Colfax.
643:
2263:
1891:
1636:
1566:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1559:
1480:Richard P. Sharkey (March 22, 2016).
3142:Populated places established in 1869
1585:. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
1580:
1025:, and 1.02% from two or more races.
1496:
1448:
1375:
1349:
1313:A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography
601:and south 12 miles (19 km) to
286:0.01 sq mi (0.02 km)
278:1.49 sq mi (3.86 km)
270:1.50 sq mi (3.88 km)
13:
1724:
1663:Municipalities and communities of
1553:
1523:Jeff Matthews (November 3, 2013).
1409:"Census of Population and Housing"
1266:"Colfax Riot", historical marker,
1219:. National Association of Counties
1209:
1090:Louisiana House of Representatives
633:
14:
3158:
1621:
1119:
505:The riot arose from the disputed
3147:1869 establishments in Louisiana
3122:Towns in Grant Parish, Louisiana
3090:
1844:Jena Band of Choctaw reservation
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114:
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84:
77:
60:
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16:Town in Louisiana, United States
1516:
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1423:
1387:United States Geological Survey
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1331:
1071:Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant
619:
493:slate. Freedmen were defending
1628:Red River Heritage Association
1383:"US Board on Geographic Names"
1301:
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1260:
1165:
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995:
881:
115:
85:
1:
1270:Courthouse, Colfax, Louisiana
1197:. United States Census Bureau
1142:
326:957.75/sq mi (369.73/km)
128:Show map of the United States
1606:. Grand Central Publishing.
1309:"Nash, Christopher Columbus"
1095:
553:
7:
1460:United States Census Bureau
1361:United States Census Bureau
1195:"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"
461:Colfax is most known for a
10:
3163:
1530:Alexandria Daily Town Talk
1484:. The Alexandria Town Talk
1059:
887:Colfax racial composition
456:
3132:Parish seats in Louisiana
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1102:Grant Parish School Board
990:2020 United States census
969:
956:
943:
930:
918:Black or African American
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614:United States Census 2010
487:Christopher Columbus Nash
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1513:ProPublica, July 21, 201
1285:, accessed April 6, 2008
1077:Political representation
2373:Congressional districts
1666:Grant Parish, Louisiana
1600:Tademy, Lalita (2007).
1560:Keith, LeeAnna (2007).
1045:there were 73.1 males.
294:100 ft (30 m)
1729:
1581:Lane, Charles (2008).
1108:was consolidated into
518:, a white supremacist
465:massacre known as the
433:is a town in, and the
427:
415:
403:
395:
394:Colfax Banking Company
1728:
1456:"U.S. Census website"
1431:"Explore Census Data"
875:U.S. Decennial Census
625:Historical population
577:31.51972°N 92.70833°W
421:
409:
401:
393:
349: • Summer (
157:31.51972°N 92.70833°W
98:Show map of Louisiana
3097:Louisiana portal
2998:St. John the Baptist
1876:United States portal
1282:Congressional Record
1248:. U.S. Census Bureau
511:William Pitt Kellogg
323: • Density
2524:Southwest Louisiana
2514:Northwest Louisiana
2509:Greater New Orleans
2383:Tourist attractions
1537:on November 4, 2013
1363:. February 12, 2011
1246:American Factfinder
888:
626:
595:Louisiana Highway 8
582:31.51972; -92.70833
573: /
544:Rutherford B. Hayes
257:Gerald Hamilton (D)
162:31.51972; -92.70833
153: /
3127:Towns in Louisiana
1836:Indian reservation
1730:
1603:Red River: A Novel
1509:Abrahm Lustgarden
1389:. October 25, 2007
1128:, Louisiana state
1106:Colfax High School
1073:, 95 miles north.
886:
624:
463:Reconstruction Era
428:
416:
404:
396:
304: • Total
283: • Water
267: • Total
3117:Colfax, Louisiana
3104:
3103:
2499:Central Louisiana
2257:
2256:
2184:Pointe à la Hache
1885:
1884:
1110:Grant High School
1082:Terry Ralph Brown
1050:per capita income
986:
985:
879:
878:
612:According to the
475:African Americans
469:which took place
388:
387:
312: • Rank
275: • Land
254: • Body
246: • Type
231:Metropolitan area
28:Colfax, Louisiana
3154:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3063:West Baton Rouge
2843:East Baton Rouge
2504:Florida Parishes
2284:
2277:
2270:
2261:
2260:
2219:St. Francisville
1912:
1905:
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1869:Louisiana portal
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1533:. Archived from
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1175:. thehayride.com
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1104:. As the former
1019:Pacific Islander
1007:African American
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623:
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481:was led against
426:Church in Colfax
424:United Methodist
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54:Colfax City Hall
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2893:Jefferson Davis
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2528:
2519:North Louisiana
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2387:
2309:
2297:
2288:
2258:
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2209:St. Martinville
2099:Lake Providence
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1554:Further reading
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1435:data.census.gov
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1320:
1319:on May 12, 2015
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1294:Lane, Charles,
1293:
1289:
1278:
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1249:
1240:
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1222:
1220:
1217:"Find a County"
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1038:married couples
1015:Native American
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932:Native American
920:(non-Hispanic)
906:(non-Hispanic)
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467:Colfax massacre
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3073:West Feliciana
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2853:East Feliciana
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138:Coordinates:
136:
110:
80:
70:
63:
58:
51:
46:
41:
37:
32:
25:
19:
3088:
3068:West Carroll
2933:Natchitoches
2848:East Carroll
2745:Bossier City
2726:Lake Charles
2587:Natchitoches
2577:Lake Charles
2552:Bossier City
2439:Homelessness
2419:Demographics
2348:Constitution
2343:Louisianians
2303:
2239:Ville Platte
2144:Natchitoches
2094:Lake Charles
2059:Harrisonburg
1983:
1919:Parish seats
1705:
1686:
1685:
1602:
1582:
1562:
1539:. Retrieved
1535:the original
1528:
1518:
1486:. Retrieved
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1450:
1440:December 29,
1438:. Retrieved
1434:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1411:. Census.gov
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1351:
1342:
1333:
1323:December 16,
1321:. Retrieved
1317:the original
1312:
1303:
1295:
1290:
1281:
1275:
1268:Grant Parish
1262:
1252:December 14,
1250:. Retrieved
1245:
1221:. Retrieved
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1167:
1157:U.S. Senator
1151:
1136:W. T. McCain
1126:Allison Kolb
1099:
1086:Independents
1080:
1063:
1054:poverty line
1047:
1043:
1035:
999:
987:
620:Demographics
611:
557:
548:
533:
525:
520:paramilitary
516:White League
504:
460:
439:Grant Parish
430:
429:
225:Grant Parish
18:
3018:St. Tammany
2983:St. Charles
2978:St. Bernard
2948:Plaquemines
2736:New Orleans
2698:Baton Rouge
2607:Ponchatoula
2597:New Orleans
2547:Baton Rouge
2444:LGBT rights
2363:Legislature
2305:Baton Rouge
2154:New Orleans
2039:Franklinton
2029:Farmerville
1959:Baton Rouge
1792:communities
1681:Parish seat
1541:November 3,
1465:January 31,
1393:January 31,
1023:other races
996:2000 census
958:Other/Mixed
898:Percentage
882:2020 census
580: /
451:2010 census
435:parish seat
221:Parish seat
160: /
3111:Categories
3053:Washington
3033:Terrebonne
3023:Tangipahoa
3008:St. Martin
3003:St. Landry
2988:St. Helena
2918:Livingston
2858:Evangeline
2788:Beauregard
2778:Assumption
2741:Shreveport
2712:Bayou Cane
2693:Alexandria
2670:Moss Bluff
2617:Shreveport
2592:New Iberia
2542:Alexandria
2494:Ark-La-Tex
2454:Newspapers
2449:Mass media
2358:Hurricanes
2214:Shreveport
2204:St. Joseph
2189:Port Allen
2179:Plaquemine
2149:New Iberia
2124:Marksville
2109:Livingston
2044:Greensburg
1939:Alexandria
1755:Georgetown
1711:Montgomery
1613:0446578983
1143:References
1000:As of the
988:As of the
607:Alexandria
568:92°42′30″W
565:31°31′11″N
495:Republican
491:Democratic
299:Population
241:Government
235:Alexandria
148:92°42′30″W
145:31°31′11″N
3043:Vermilion
2993:St. James
2963:Red River
2928:Morehouse
2903:Lafourche
2898:Lafayette
2888:Jefferson
2878:Iberville
2833:Concordia
2828:Claiborne
2823:Catahoula
2808:Calcasieu
2793:Bienville
2783:Avoyelles
2773:Ascension
2721:Lafayette
2716:Thibodaux
2675:Terrytown
2645:Chalmette
2602:Opelousas
2572:Lafayette
2429:Education
2353:Governors
2308:(capital)
2295:Louisiana
2249:Winnsboro
2244:Winnfield
2229:Thibodaux
2174:Opelousas
2164:Oak Grove
2159:New Roads
2114:Mansfield
2104:Leesville
2089:Lafayette
2084:Jonesboro
2054:Hahnville
2004:Covington
1999:Coushatta
1974:Chalmette
1934:Abbeville
1923:Louisiana
1854:Footnotes
1822:Oak Grove
1808:Fishville
1778:Rock Hill
1750:Dry Prong
1488:March 24,
1367:April 23,
1201:March 20,
1114:Dry Prong
1096:Education
1009:, 30.98%
591:Red River
554:Geography
540:insurgent
536:carpetbag
500:Red River
443:Louisiana
412:Dry Prong
379:Area code
332:Time zone
291:Elevation
206:Louisiana
3013:St. Mary
2968:Richland
2943:Ouachita
2863:Franklin
2813:Caldwell
2755:Parishes
2665:Metairie
2489:Acadiana
2471:Politics
2434:Gun laws
2399:Abortion
2224:Tallulah
2194:Rayville
2079:Jennings
2034:Franklin
2014:DeRidder
1989:Columbia
1773:Prospect
1737:Villages
1027:Hispanic
1017:, 0.06%
1013:, 0.06%
971:Hispanic
550:center.
483:freedmen
369:ZIP code
3058:Webster
2958:Rapides
2938:Orleans
2923:Madison
2913:Lincoln
2908:LaSalle
2883:Jackson
2818:Cameron
2798:Bossier
2703:Hammond
2660:Marrero
2655:LaPlace
2627:Sulphur
2622:Slidell
2557:Hammond
2481:Regions
2424:Economy
2409:Culture
2392:Society
2378:Symbols
2333:History
2234:Vidalia
2169:Oberlin
2009:Crowley
1994:Convent
1979:Clinton
1969:Cameron
1954:Bastrop
1949:Arcadia
1804:Bentley
1716:Pollock
1415:June 4,
1223:June 7,
1130:auditor
1088:in the
1060:Economy
912:37.25%
895:Number
528:obelisk
479:militia
457:History
213:Founded
173:Country
3048:Vernon
3028:Tensas
2973:Sabine
2873:Iberia
2838:DeSoto
2763:Acadia
2731:Monroe
2685:Metros
2650:Harvey
2612:Ruston
2582:Monroe
2567:Kenner
2534:Cities
2315:Topics
2199:Ruston
2134:Monroe
2129:Minden
2049:Gretna
2024:Edgard
1984:Colfax
1964:Benton
1813:Hargis
1745:Creola
1706:Colfax
1688:Colfax
1610:
1589:
1570:
1298:, 2008
1031:Latino
1002:census
982:1.12%
975:Latino
965:2.87%
952:0.28%
939:0.07%
926:58.4%
810:−11.2%
735:−21.3%
705:452.1%
630:Census
471:Easter
431:Colfax
422:First
203:
183:
122:Colfax
92:Colfax
3038:Union
2868:Grant
2803:Caddo
2768:Allen
2708:Houma
2562:Houma
2459:Radio
2414:Crime
2338:Music
2328:Fauna
2323:Index
2291:State
2069:Houma
2064:Homer
1944:Amite
1826:Verda
1800:Aloha
1788:Other
1698:Towns
1011:White
945:Asian
904:White
892:Race
870:−8.3%
865:1,428
855:−6.1%
850:1,558
840:−2.2%
835:1,659
820:1,696
805:1,680
795:−2.2%
790:1,892
780:17.1%
775:1,934
765:21.9%
760:1,651
750:18.7%
745:1,354
730:1,141
720:38.1%
715:1,449
700:1,049
690:18.0%
603:Boyce
373:71417
358:UTC-5
337:UTC-6
318:: 1st
307:1,428
249:Mayor
193:State
3078:Winn
2637:CDPs
2119:Many
2074:Jena
1818:Iatt
1765:CDPs
1608:ISBN
1587:ISBN
1568:ISBN
1543:2013
1490:2016
1467:2008
1442:2021
1417:2015
1395:2008
1369:2011
1325:2010
1254:2016
1225:2011
1203:2022
1181:2014
923:834
909:532
861:2020
846:2010
831:2000
825:1.0%
816:1990
801:1980
786:1970
771:1960
756:1950
741:1940
726:1930
711:1920
696:1910
681:1900
666:1890
651:1870
639:Note
634:Pop.
437:of,
262:Area
216:1869
36:Town
21:Town
2293:of
1921:of
1112:in
1029:or
979:16
973:or
962:41
685:190
670:161
485:by
383:318
362:CDT
351:DST
341:CST
3113::
2464:TV
1684::
1669:,
1527:.
1498:^
1458:.
1433:.
1385:.
1359:.
1311:.
1244:.
1233:^
949:4
936:1
655:40
644:%±
605:.
546:.
453:.
441:,
316:GR
2743:–
2714:–
2710:–
2283:e
2276:t
2269:v
1911:e
1904:t
1897:v
1846:+
1656:e
1649:t
1642:v
1616:.
1595:.
1576:.
1545:.
1492:.
1469:.
1444:.
1419:.
1397:.
1371:.
1327:.
1256:.
1227:.
1205:.
1183:.
1162:.
675:—
660:—
414:.
364:)
360:(
353:)
343:)
339:(
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