371:
583:
600:
310:
36:
565:
270:
In
Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic
639:
of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with
1117:, have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city:
1100:
and completely surrounded by
Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in the independent city under an agreement, such as in
216:
have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New
Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat.
1040:, which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending the use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the
953:
rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The
759:. The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of
1754:
The Island of
Formosa, Past and Present: History, People, Resources, and Commercial Prospects: Tea, Camphor, Sugar, Gold, Coal, Sulphur, Economical Plants, and Other Productions
1812:
1645:
1029:), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town
640:
asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of the county, especially if it is geographically large.
667:. Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example,
950:
286:
have been a major field of research in
Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in
370:
1310:
635:
and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the
1068:, have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by
1045:
1780:
1732:
647:. The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as
401:
population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan.
100:
193:
72:
1472:
1437:
1061:
958:
920:
1845:
1705:
1680:
1516:
1413:
1373:
680:
441:
418:
357:
119:
339:
1785:
1481:
1467:
1462:
1442:
1089:
905:
668:
608:
145:
79:
1931:
1871:
1819:
1388:
1295:
1257:
The state with the most counties is Texas, with 254, and the state with the fewest counties is
Delaware, with 3.
1201:
1114:
1069:
855:
1511:
1427:
1418:
1285:
860:
335:
57:
1521:
1486:
1383:
1354:
1022:
982:
910:
875:
86:
1506:
1452:
1432:
1403:
1393:
1378:
1364:
1349:
1329:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1249:. Bedford reverted to an incorporated town, and remains the county seat, though is now part of the county.
1171:
880:
810:
736:
402:
331:
53:
1526:
1501:
1398:
1334:
1305:
1275:
1265:
1231:
1221:
1191:
1041:
966:
954:
870:
865:
850:
672:
576:
17:
1910:
68:
1892:
1457:
1408:
1344:
1319:
1270:
1161:
1131:
1121:
1102:
1073:
930:
900:
890:
820:
795:
664:
648:
587:
410:
1491:
1359:
1324:
1125:
1065:
895:
885:
840:
800:
780:
775:
748:
957:, which covers 49% of the state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the
267:
level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties.
1496:
1447:
1339:
1246:
1211:
1151:
1141:
1110:
1097:
915:
830:
815:
785:
448:
320:
1092:
surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example,
925:
845:
735:
have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of the county. Examples include
656:
652:
624:
568:
324:
46:
1675:. Translated by Baker, Timothy D. Jr.; Duke, Michael S. Columbia University Press. p. 102.
275:, who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases.
1235:
1195:
1185:
1181:
1033:, and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington.
805:
770:
620:
394:
1758:
1722:
1544:
825:
790:
744:
604:
240:
1165:
1026:
756:
752:
700:
425:
209:
586:
Many county seats in the United States feature a historic courthouse, such as this one in
255:
reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the
Eastern
8:
1225:
1135:
1106:
1030:
962:
740:
679:, county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as
675:, an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original
390:
93:
1205:
1145:
513:
468:
264:
137:
1979:
1752:
1748:
1728:
1701:
1676:
1242:
1175:
1155:
1093:
676:
456:
452:
272:
226:
1790:
835:
728:
660:
494:
283:
997:, counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems.
1762:
1575:
1215:
414:
299:
582:
1646:"'What happened?' Long forgotten Dorchester wharf was once heart of shire town"
1589:
1245:
was an independent city from 1968 to 2013, while also being the county seat of
1018:
499:
287:
278:
The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of the
259:, the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the
1620:
659:, is the largest unincorporated county seat in the United States, followed by
1973:
1010:
1002:
724:
712:
616:
523:
478:
378:
252:
205:
165:
599:
231:
County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the
1766:
1057:
998:
644:
572:
538:
489:
279:
248:
1849:
1581:
1566:
1037:
994:
716:
518:
508:
398:
260:
256:
244:
213:
1939:
1562:
763:
for the towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities.
760:
628:
543:
173:
1608:
985:
rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats".
397:
inherited this type of administrative divisions. With the increase of
978:
1813:"Counties in Virginia and the Location of Their Seats of Government"
309:
35:
1085:
1048:
for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents.
720:
708:
696:
691:
Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in
1585:
1570:
1554:
1550:
1006:
732:
692:
197:
177:
161:
157:
1001:
has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and
1558:
946:
766:
There are 36 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states:
686:
632:
548:
532:
483:
417:
in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the
386:
374:
271:
means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the
201:
189:
149:
141:
1578:, disputes between towns in the formation of the United States
1109:
of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in
1014:
1005:
has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In
232:
153:
564:
704:
389:, the first counties were first established in 1661 by the
961:, has its borough seat located in another borough, namely
1818:. Virginia Commission on Local Government. Archived from
1964:
447:
There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as
1911:"Proposed Change to County Equivalents in Connecticut"
1252:
180:
and in several other
English-speaking jurisdictions.
421:in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule.
1757:. London and New York: Macmillan & Co. p.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1843:
27:Administrative center for a county or civil parish
631:that consists of a geographic area with specific
1971:
1700:. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. p. 159.
290:out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.
251:gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As
282:. Changes of location and names of counties in
1609:VT Shire Towns: Visiting The Shires of Vermont
651:, where the county seat is the entire county.
435:
429:
424:By September 1945, Taiwan was divided into 8
1542:
687:U.S. counties with more than one county seat
338:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1924:
671:, though unincorporated, is a section of
643:A county seat is usually an incorporated
358:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1747:
598:
581:
563:
462:
369:
148:. The term is in use in five countries:
1695:
14:
1972:
1893:"Title 33, §701: Office in shire town"
1724:China in War and Revolution, 1895–1949
1720:
1017:county government consists only of a
405:in China first romanized the term as
336:adding citations to reliable sources
303:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1773:
1670:
1253:Lists of U.S. county seats by state
936:
24:
1781:"An Overview of County Government"
921:Hillsborough County, New Hampshire
243:and were set up nationwide by the
25:
1991:
1958:
1698:Handbook of the Politics of China
1696:Goodman, David S.G., ed. (2015).
681:Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia
1965:National Association of Counties
1786:National Association of Counties
906:Tallahatchie County, Mississippi
669:Cape May Court House, New Jersey
559:
308:
34:
1903:
1885:
1864:
1837:
1051:
856:Middlesex County, Massachusetts
45:needs additional citations for
1932:"Shannon County, South Dakota"
1805:
1741:
1714:
1689:
1664:
1638:
1613:
1602:
988:
861:Plymouth County, Massachusetts
627:or political subdivision of a
13:
1:
1673:China: A New Cultural History
1595:
911:Yalobusha County, Mississippi
876:Chickasaw County, Mississippi
609:Queen Anne's County, Maryland
136:is an administrative center,
1584:, administrative centres in
1549:, administrative centres in
972:
881:Harrison County, Mississippi
811:Mississippi County, Arkansas
737:Harrison County, Mississippi
571:, the third-largest city in
440:), which remained after the
247:. The number of counties in
7:
1621:"County Map of Nova Scotia"
1536:
1259:
1096:is both the county seat of
1079:
1042:United States Census Bureau
955:Unorganized Borough, Alaska
871:Carroll County, Mississippi
866:Bolivar County, Mississippi
851:Essex County, Massachusetts
594:
472:
10:
1996:
1846:"History of Coffee County"
1088:, a county seat may be an
959:Lake and Peninsula Borough
931:Bennington County, Vermont
901:Panola County, Mississippi
891:Jasper County, Mississippi
821:Sebastian County, Arkansas
796:Craighead County, Arkansas
665:Baltimore County, Maryland
649:Arlington County, Virginia
588:Renville County, Minnesota
466:
449:county-administered cities
297:
233:People's Republic of China
224:
1727:. Routledge. p. 58.
941:
896:Jones County, Mississippi
886:Hinds County, Mississippi
841:Campbell County, Kentucky
801:Franklin County, Arkansas
781:Arkansas County, Arkansas
776:St. Clair County, Alabama
755:and the state capital of
749:Hinds County, Mississippi
436:
430:
293:
183:
1844:Coffee County, Alabama.
1098:Fairfax County, Virginia
981:, which is divided into
916:Jackson County, Missouri
831:Columbia County, Georgia
816:Prairie County, Arkansas
786:Carroll County, Arkansas
220:
926:Seneca County, New York
846:Kenton County, Kentucky
657:Howard County, Maryland
569:Allentown, Pennsylvania
403:Protestant missionaries
239:have existed since the
140:, or capital city of a
1721:Zarrow, Peter (2006).
1671:Hsu, Cho-yun (2012) .
1543:
1046:councils of government
806:Logan County, Arkansas
771:Coffee County, Alabama
612:
603:The old courthouse in
591:
579:
382:
168:. An equivalent term,
1202:Prince William County
826:Yell County, Arkansas
791:Clay County, Arkansas
747:as county seats, and
663:, the county seat of
655:, the county seat of
607:, the county seat of
605:Centreville, Maryland
602:
585:
567:
463:Lists of county seats
377:, the county seat of
373:
241:Warring States period
1897:mainelegislature.org
1625:Nova Scotia Archives
1027:officer of the court
332:improve this section
210:Prince Edward Island
54:improve this article
1872:"MGL c. 231, s. 82"
1825:on 13 November 2018
967:Bristol Bay Borough
575:and county seat of
391:Kingdom of Tungning
1852:on 27 October 2011
1749:Davidson, James W.
1172:Greensville County
1113:. Others, such as
613:
592:
580:
469:Counties of Taiwan
393:. The later ruler
383:
138:seat of government
1793:on April 17, 2013
1734:978-1-134-21976-6
1534:
1533:
1232:Rockingham County
1222:Rockbridge County
1192:James City County
1070:Fall River County
751:, which has both
739:, which has both
677:Thirteen Colonies
557:
556:
495:Jincheng Township
442:Republic of China
368:
367:
360:
227:Counties of China
172:, is used in the
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1987:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1942:on 25 April 2012
1938:. Archived from
1928:
1922:
1921:
1918:US Census Bureau
1915:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1848:. Archived from
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1789:. Archived from
1777:
1771:
1770:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1617:
1611:
1606:
1548:
1260:
1162:Frederick County
1132:Alleghany County
1122:Albemarle County
1090:independent city
1076:, respectively.
1056:Two counties in
949:is divided into
937:Other variations
836:Lee County, Iowa
473:
439:
438:
433:
432:
363:
356:
352:
349:
343:
312:
304:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1986:
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1984:
1970:
1969:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1746:
1742:
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1719:
1715:
1708:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1576:County seat war
1539:
1255:
1126:Charlottesville
1105:, or may in be
1082:
1054:
1044:to a system of
991:
975:
944:
939:
689:
673:Middle Township
615:In most of the
597:
562:
514:Nangan Township
471:
465:
457:rural townships
453:urban townships
419:Japanese system
415:Japanese colony
364:
353:
347:
344:
329:
313:
302:
300:County (Taiwan)
296:
284:Chinese history
229:
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186:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1993:
1983:
1982:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1959:External links
1957:
1954:
1953:
1936:Sdcounties.org
1923:
1902:
1884:
1863:
1836:
1804:
1772:
1740:
1733:
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1688:
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1590:United Kingdom
1579:
1573:
1538:
1535:
1532:
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1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
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1489:
1484:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1473:South Carolina
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1438:North Carolina
1435:
1430:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1254:
1251:
1247:Bedford County
1240:
1239:
1229:
1219:
1212:Roanoke County
1209:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1159:
1152:Fairfax County
1149:
1142:Augusta County
1139:
1129:
1115:Prince William
1081:
1078:
1053:
1050:
1019:Superior Court
990:
987:
974:
971:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
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828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
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798:
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788:
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778:
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688:
685:
625:administrative
596:
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561:
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365:
316:
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298:Main article:
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288:Mainland China
263:abolished the
225:Main article:
222:
219:
185:
182:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1992:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1941:
1937:
1933:
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1707:9781782544364
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1682:9780231159203
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1517:West Virginia
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1513:
1510:
1508:
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1417:
1415:
1414:New Hampshire
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
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1377:
1375:
1374:Massachusetts
1372:
1371:
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1356:
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1482:South Dakota
1468:Rhode Island
1463:Pennsylvania
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1236:Harrisonburg
1196:Williamsburg
1186:Martinsville
1182:Henry County
1094:Fairfax City
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1058:South Dakota
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539:Taitung City
490:Hualien City
446:
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330:Please help
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249:China proper
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1582:County town
1567:Switzerland
1389:Mississippi
1296:Connecticut
1038:Connecticut
995:New England
989:New England
963:King Salmon
761:civic pride
717:Mississippi
519:Nantou City
509:Miaoli City
500:Magong City
426:prefectures
399:Han Chinese
395:Qing empire
348:August 2023
261:Sui dynasty
257:Han dynasty
245:Qin dynasty
214:Nova Scotia
134:county seat
110:August 2023
18:Parish seat
1596:References
1563:Luxembourg
1512:Washington
1428:New Mexico
1419:New Jersey
1286:California
1166:Winchester
1031:Manchester
633:boundaries
544:Yilan City
467:See also:
273:magistrate
265:commandery
174:U.S. state
170:shire town
164:, and the
80:newspapers
1856:19 August
1797:April 25,
1545:Chef-lieu
1522:Wisconsin
1487:Tennessee
1384:Minnesota
1355:Louisiana
1226:Lexington
1136:Covington
1103:Albemarle
1036:In 2024,
979:Louisiana
973:Louisiana
413:became a
381:in Taiwan
319:does not
194:provinces
1980:Counties
1974:Category
1829:10 April
1767:6931635M
1751:(1903).
1650:CBC News
1588:and the
1537:See also
1507:Virginia
1453:Oklahoma
1433:New York
1404:Nebraska
1394:Missouri
1379:Michigan
1365:Maryland
1350:Kentucky
1330:Illinois
1301:Delaware
1291:Colorado
1281:Arkansas
1206:Manassas
1146:Staunton
1107:enclaves
1086:Virginia
1080:Virginia
983:parishes
951:boroughs
745:Gulfport
729:New York
721:Missouri
709:Kentucky
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595:Function
1877:15 July
1586:Ireland
1571:Tunisia
1555:Belgium
1551:Algeria
1527:Wyoming
1502:Vermont
1399:Montana
1335:Indiana
1311:Georgia
1306:Florida
1276:Arizona
1266:Alabama
1243:Bedford
1176:Emporia
1156:Fairfax
1111:Fairfax
1025:(as an
1023:Sheriff
1007:Vermont
757:Jackson
753:Raymond
733:Vermont
701:Georgia
693:Alabama
409:. When
340:removed
325:sources
198:Ontario
178:Vermont
162:Romania
158:Hungary
94:scholar
1765:
1731:
1704:
1679:
1656:3 June
1630:3 June
1569:, and
1559:France
1458:Oregon
1409:Nevada
1345:Kansas
1320:Hawaii
1271:Alaska
1013:, and
947:Alaska
942:Alaska
741:Biloxi
731:, and
661:Towson
623:is an
621:county
611:, U.S.
549:Zhubei
533:Taibao
484:Douliu
411:Taiwan
387:Taiwan
375:Miaoli
294:Taiwan
212:, and
202:Quebec
192:, the
190:Canada
184:Canada
150:Canada
142:county
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1946:1 May
1914:(PDF)
1823:(PDF)
1816:(PDF)
1652:. CBC
1492:Texas
1360:Maine
1325:Idaho
1216:Salem
1015:Maine
629:state
455:, or
221:China
154:China
101:JSTOR
87:books
1948:2015
1879:2013
1858:2011
1831:2018
1799:2013
1729:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1658:2024
1632:2024
1497:Utah
1448:Ohio
1340:Iowa
1072:and
1066:Todd
1064:and
1021:and
743:and
705:Iowa
637:seat
619:, a
551:City
535:City
486:City
434:and
407:hien
323:any
321:cite
237:Xian
73:news
1084:In
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