510:
780:
82:
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in 1741. Bering died on the island along with much of the crew. His grave is marked by a modest monument. About half of the crew did manage to survive the winter, thanks in part to the abundance of wildlife (notably the newly discovered
Steller's sea cow) and the efforts of naturalist and physician
561:
Due to the high productivity of the Bering Sea shelf and the
Pacific slope and their remoteness from human influence, the Commander Islands are marked by a great abundance of marine animal life and a relative paucity of terrestrial organisms. Notably, significant numbers of
81:
723:
are also abundant along the pre-lake depressions and river valleys of Bering Island, though largely absent from Medny Island. Migratory birds of note with critical nesting or feeding habitat on the islands include such species as
360:
The highest point is
Steller's Peak on Bering Island at 755 m (2,477 ft). The highest point on Medny Island is Stenjeger's Peak at 647 m (2,123 ft).
887:
and the survivors found their way back to
Kamchatka, heavily laden with valuable sea otter pelts. The discovery of the sea otters sparked the great rush of fur-seeking "
488:
468:
589:
The neighboring waters provide important feeding, wintering and migrating habitat for many whale species, many of which are threatened or endangered. Among these are:
655:). Though relatively healthy now, these populations had been significantly depleted in the past due to the fur trade. Most other terrestrial species, including wild
498:
2180:
391:
The climate is relatively mild for its latitude, and maritime, with 220–240 days of precipitation per year. The cool summers are notoriously foggy. The
1521:
442:. The majority of the island chain’s area, as well as much of the adjacent marine habitat, 36,488 km (14,088 sq mi), is taken up by the
939:, with Aleut roots but Russian verb inflection, developed among the inhabitants. Today the population of the islands is about ⅔ Russian and ⅓ Aleut.
1489:
756:, a large essentially flightless bird in the cormorant family, was driven to extinction by around 1850. The islands have been recognised as an
478:
473:
2140:
999:"Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in the Aleuts of the Commander Islands and Its Implications for the Genetic History of Beringia"
483:
21:
275:
2155:
586:
population is stable and possibly increasing, even as their population is falling precipitously in the rest of the
Aleutian islands.
113:
2160:
2145:
2135:
2175:
1514:
2170:
298:
675:
Over a million seabirds gather to nest on numerous large colonies along almost all the coastal cliffs. The most common are
1244:
1777:
2150:
1987:
1507:
1003:
960:
493:
509:
1417:
1393:
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321:
The
Commander Islands archipelago consists of 15 islands and is a part of a submarine volcanic ridge extending from
2165:
1992:
1358:
779:
392:
1972:
1469:
1108:
1091:
570:(approximately 5,000 individuals) summer there, both on reproductive rookeries and non-reproductive haul-outs.
2099:
294:
1464:
2109:
1977:
867:
2130:
1907:
1336:
431:
420:
271:
107:
533:
270:, which are between 3 km (1.9 mi) and 13 km (8.1 mi) west of the only settlement,
2054:
1205:
Anderson, P. (1995). "Competition, predation, and the evolution and extinction of
Steller's sea cow,
800:
614:
514:
438:, with an estimated population of 613 as of 2009. This consists almost entirely of Russians and
1055:
Barabash-Nikiforov, I. (November 1938). "Mammals of the
Commander Islands and the Surrounding Sea".
912:
333:, most of which are part of the US state of Alaska, and are separated from the closest US island,
684:
338:
883:
by compelling them to eat seaweed. Eventually, a smaller boat was built from the remains of the
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1309:
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1812:
876:
729:
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1607:
1218:
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The fish fauna in the mountainous, fast running streams is composed primarily of migratory
753:
712:
625:
518:
354:
517:
member S. Khitrov of eastern
Kamchatka, including the Commander Islands, with drawings of
8:
1892:
1692:
1682:
1313:
1155:
757:
461:
The village has a school, a satellite tracking station and a dirt airstrip to its south.
236:
1222:
1183:[Commander - Fin whale (herring whale) Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758)].
1932:
1902:
1897:
1697:
1291:
1230:
1072:
796:
725:
447:
256:
1025:
998:
997:
Derbeneva, OA; Sukernik, RI; Volodko, NV; Hosseini, SH; Lott, MT; Wallace, DC (2002).
549:
and different associations of marshy plants with low grass and dwarf trees. Very tall
2064:
2029:
1747:
1667:
1413:
1389:
1113:
1030:
752:. In total, over 180 bird species have been registered on the Commander Islands. The
643:
The much less diverse terrestrial fauna includes two distinct, endemic subspecies of
563:
522:
464:
The other settlements on the two islands are small villages or scattering of houses:
380:
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337:, and the rest of the chain by 207 mi (333 km). Between the two runs the
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2002:
1967:
1852:
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took place in the open sea about 160 km (100 mi) south of the islands.
676:
541:
There is no true forest on the
Commander Islands. The vegetation is dominated by
1158:[Komandorsky - Japanese right whale Eubalaena japonica Lacepede, 1818].
911:(Unangan) people were transferred to the Commander Islands early in 1825 by the
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2007:
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1181:"Командорский - Финвал (сельдяной кит) Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758)"
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1997:
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345:, terraced plains and low mountains. The geologic origins are long-extinct
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95:
1388:. M. A. Engel; O. W. Frost (trans.). Stanford: Stanford University Press.
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1957:
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1156:"Командорский - Японский гладкий кит Eubalaena japonica Lacepede, 1818"
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341:. The relief is somewhat diverse, encompassing folded-block mountains,
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1090:
Doroff, A.; J.A. Estes; M.T. Tinker; et al. (February 2003).
329:(60-70 million years ago). The islands are the westernmost of the
773:
446:, a natural preserve. The economy is based primarily on fishing,
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251:(55 km (34 mi) by 5 km (3.1 mi)) and fifteen
86:
Map showing the position of the Commander Islands to the east of
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10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0055:SOPDIT>2.0.CO;2
1092:"Sea otter population declines in the Aleutian archipelago"
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812:
594:
546:
243:. Treeless and sparsely populated, the islands consist of
1483:
1456:
430:
The only permanently inhabited locality is the village of
858:
The Commander Islands received their name from Commander
664:
986:
The Commander Islands (Comandorsky State Nature Reserve)
923:. Most of the Aleuts inhabiting Bering Island came from
904:
second voyage and the discovery of the Commander Islands
715:
which nests in only a few other colonies in the world.
247:(95 km (59 mi) by 15 km (9.3 mi)),
1308:
866:
wrecked on the otherwise uninhabited Bering Island on
235:, located about 175 km (109 mi) east of the
1270:"Revised List of the Birds of the Commander Islands"
628:, an immense (over 4,000 kg or 8,800 lb)
1495:RI0Z Amateur Radio Expedition to Commander Islands
1337:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22696750A226827998.en
1054:
667:, have all been introduced to the islands by man.
1410:The Battle of the Komandorski Islands, March 1943
893:" which drove the Russian expansion into Alaska.
293:In 2005 the Comandorsky State Nature Reserve was
2122:
927:and those who lived on Medny Island came from
1529:
1515:
363:The archipelago lies at similar latitudes to
58:
2181:Important Bird Areas of the Aleutian Islands
764:because they support populations of various
744:. Other bird types include auks such as the
624:Bering Island was the only known habitat of
317:Detailed map including the Commander Islands
1457:Unofficial website of the Commander Islands
1198:
640:within 27 years of its discovery in 1741.
1522:
1508:
1386:Journal of a Voyage with Bering, 1741–1742
963:, a now-abandoned village on Medny Island.
80:
1335:
1285:
1107:
1024:
255:and rocks. The largest of the latter are
1412:. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press,
1384:Steller, G.W. (1988). O.W. Frost (ed.).
1267:
1204:
895:
837:
778:
532:
508:
414:
325:to Kamchatka dated by the beginning of
312:
1470:Overview of the Kommandorsky Zapovednik
1383:
2123:
454:(i.e. strictly protected wilderness),
299:List of World Heritage Sites in Russia
1503:
981:
979:
977:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
900:1966 Soviet postage stamp depicting
1351:
1323:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
931:, now both American possessions. A
736:. Raptors of note include the rare
613:and endangered species such as the
582:are likewise abundant. Indeed, the
178:1,846 km (713 sq mi)
90:. The larger island to the west is
13:
2141:Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean
1475:Details of their current situation
1436:, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2001.
1231:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1995.tb00294.x
1132:"MPAtlas » Commander Islands"
1004:American Journal of Human Genetics
974:
961:Preobrazhenskoye, Kamchatka Oblast
504:
14:
2192:
1447:
1443:, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 2005.
1041:
944:Battle of the Komandorski Islands
16:Russian islands in the Bering Sea
2156:Islands of the Commander Islands
1484:Natural Heritage Protection Fund
2161:Islands of the Russian Far East
2146:Archipelagoes of Kamchatka Krai
2136:Islands of the Aleutian Islands
1465:Photos of the Commander Islands
1402:
1377:
1302:
1261:
879:, who cured many of the men of
566:(some 200,000 individuals) and
2176:Important Bird Areas of Russia
1365:. BirdLife International. 2021
1237:
1173:
1148:
1124:
1083:
990:
711:including the extremely local
1:
2171:World Heritage Tentative List
1426:
1268:Johansen, H. (January 1961).
851:
768:bird species, including many
410:
393:Köppen climate classification
278:, the Commanders compose the
266:, 15 ha (37 acres), and
636:. The sea cow was hunted to
513:Detail from an early map by
450:, the administration of the
308:
7:
949:
748:and game birds such as the
10:
2197:
833:
830:on the Commander Islands.
615:North Pacific right whales
556:
386:
379:and southern parts of the
2151:Islands of the Bering Sea
2016:
1538:
1330:: e.T22696750A226827998.
458:and government services.
216:
187:
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167:
144:
103:
79:
59:
53:
1408:Lorelli, John A. (1984)
967:
913:Russian-American Company
670:
434:on the northwest end of
94:; the smaller island is
2166:Pacific Coast of Russia
1434:Encyclopedia of the Sea
649:Alopex lagopus semenovi
339:International Date Line
1310:BirdLife International
905:
855:
784:
762:BirdLife International
538:
530:
444:Komandorsky Zapovednik
427:
318:
217:Командо́рские острова́
129:55.19750°N 165.99750°E
60:Командо́рские острова́
1603:Anangula (Ananiuliak)
1211:Marine Mammal Science
899:
877:Georg Wilhelm Steller
841:
782:
730:Pacific golden plover
597:, several species of
536:
512:
418:
355:North American Plates
316:
221:Komandorskiye ostrova
73:Komandorskiye ostrova
1316:Urile perspicillatus
1096:Journal of Mammalogy
1057:Journal of Mammalogy
754:spectacled cormorant
713:red-legged kittiwake
395:would be classed as
209:Komandorskie Islands
189:• 2009 estimate
2110:Walrus and Kritskoi
1359:"Commander Islands"
1245:"Commander Islands"
1223:1995MMamS..11..391A
801:black spotted trout
758:Important Bird Area
738:Steller's sea eagle
349:on the edge of the
237:Kamchatka Peninsula
205:Komandorski Islands
134:55.19750; 165.99750
125: /
33: /
1933:Tufted Puffin Rock
1363:BirdLife Data Zone
1207:Hydrodamalis gigas
906:
856:
785:
626:Steller's sea cows
564:northern fur seals
539:
531:
448:mushroom gathering
428:
319:
257:Tufted Puffin Rock
223:) are a series of
146:Ethnic groups
2131:Commander Islands
2118:
2117:
1993:Walrus (Pribilof)
1490:Island in a Storm
1480:Commander Islands
1441:Commander Islands
1439:Artyukhin Yu. B.
1249:Greenpeace Russia
868:his return voyage
689:pigeon guillemots
653:A. l. beringensis
568:Steller sea lions
553:are also common.
523:northern fur seal
519:Steller's sea cow
515:Bering expedition
381:Alaskan Panhandle
343:volcanic plateaus
280:Aleutsky District
201:Commander Islands
197:
196:
55:Commander Islands
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1973:Unalga (Delarof)
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956:Aleuts in Russia
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746:Ancient murrelet
527:Steller sea lion
494:Preobrazhenskoye
331:Aleutian Islands
276:Administratively
264:Ostrov Toporkov)
233:Aleutian Islands
231:, a part of the
229:Russian Far East
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726:Steller's eider
677:northern fulmar
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632:related to the
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505:Natural history
419:The village of
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260:(Kamen Toporkov
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1185:komandorsky.ru
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1160:komandorsky.ru
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1017:10.1086/341720
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933:mixed language
890:promyshlenniki
885:St. Peter
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697:tufted puffins
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1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:Semisopochnoi
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:Sea Lion Rock
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1788:Little Tanaga
1786:
1784:
1783:Little Sitkin
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:Arakamchechen
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1419:
1418:0-87021-093-9
1415:
1411:
1405:
1397:
1395:0-8047-2181-5
1391:
1387:
1380:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:(2): 415–21.
1010:
1006:
1005:
1000:
993:
987:
982:
980:
978:
973:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
947:
945:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
903:
898:
894:
892:
891:
886:
882:
878:
873:
869:
865:
862:, whose ship
861:
849:
848:Bering Island
846:hunters from
845:
840:
831:
829:
825:
822:There are no
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
783:Bering Island
781:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:Aleutian tern
731:
727:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
668:
666:
662:
661:American mink
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:beaked whales
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
554:
552:
548:
544:
535:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
465:
462:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:Bering Island
433:
426:
425:Bering Island
422:
417:
408:
406:
402:
399:bordering on
398:
394:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
315:
306:
304:
300:
296:
295:nominated for
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:Bering Island
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
214:
210:
206:
202:
192:
186:
181:
177:
171:
166:
160:
157:
155:
152:
151:
149:
147:
143:
138:
109:
106:
102:
97:
93:
92:Bering Island
89:
83:
78:
74:
68:
52:
49:
46:
42:55.00; 166.40
2039:
2020:
1978:Unalga (Fox)
1893:St. Lawrence
1818:Pancake Rock
1693:Great Sitkin
1462:(in Russian)
1454:(in Russian)
1440:
1433:
1409:
1404:
1385:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1362:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1327:
1321:
1315:
1304:
1280:(1): 44–56.
1277:
1273:
1263:
1252:. Retrieved
1248:
1239:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1190:18 September
1188:. Retrieved
1184:
1175:
1165:18 September
1163:. Retrieved
1159:
1150:
1139:. Retrieved
1135:
1126:
1102:(1): 55–64.
1099:
1095:
1085:
1060:
1056:
1008:
1002:
992:
941:
937:Mednyj Aleut
907:
888:
884:
863:
860:Vitus Bering
857:
821:
797:Dolly Varden
791:, including
786:
674:
652:
648:
642:
623:
599:Minke whales
591:sperm whales
588:
576:common seals
560:
540:
537:Medny Island
479:Gladkovskaya
463:
460:
429:
404:
400:
396:
390:
362:
359:
320:
292:
263:
259:
249:Medny Island
220:
208:
204:
200:
198:
174:• Total
72:
18:
1903:St. Michael
1898:St. Matthew
1698:Hagemeister
929:Attu Island
925:Atka Island
817:pink salmon
793:Arctic char
580:larga seals
551:umbellifers
474:Podutesnaya
377:Scandinavia
375:, Southern
335:Attu Island
132: /
120:165°59′51″E
40: /
2125:Categories
1748:Karaginsky
1738:Kamen Ariy
1668:Chuginadak
1532:Bering Sea
1427:References
1369:7 February
1254:2019-12-03
1141:2019-12-03
921:seal trade
854:1884–1886)
824:amphibians
770:waterbirds
766:threatened
721:sandpipers
709:kittiwakes
701:cormorants
685:brunnich's
645:Arctic fox
638:extinction
619:fin whales
572:Sea otters
456:ecotourism
452:zapovednik
432:Nikolskoye
421:Nikolskoye
411:Population
272:Nikolskoye
268:Kamen Ariy
241:Bering Sea
183:Population
117:55°11′51″N
108:Nikolskoye
104:Settlement
2065:Krenitzin
2040:Commander
2030:Andreanof
1833:Sagchudak
1753:Kasatochi
1728:Kagalaska
1583:Amatignak
1343:7 January
1118:1545-1542
942:The 1943
917:Aleutians
915:from the
842:Group of
789:salmonids
760:(IBA) by
742:gyrfalcon
717:Waterfowl
611:humpbacks
607:porpoises
584:sea otter
489:Peschanka
484:Lisennova
469:Severnoye
369:Edinburgh
347:volcanoes
327:Paleogene
309:Geography
88:Kamchatka
2080:Pribilof
2025:Aleutian
2003:Yttygran
1968:Unalaska
1908:St. Paul
1778:Kritskoi
1758:Khvostof
1663:Chagulak
1658:Carlisle
1648:Bogoslof
1623:Avatanak
1588:Amchitka
1312:(2023).
1035:12082644
950:See also
919:for the
902:Bering's
864:St Peter
828:reptiles
774:seabirds
657:reindeer
630:sirenian
525:and the
373:Scotland
154:Russians
28:166°24′E
2070:Kudobin
2050:Diomede
2045:Delarof
2008:Yunaska
1928:Tigalda
1918:Tagalak
1858:Sedanka
1838:Samalga
1808:Oglodak
1803:Nunivak
1773:Koniuji
1733:Kagamil
1718:Igitkin
1713:Herbert
1708:Hawadax
1688:Gareloi
1638:Besboro
1578:Amaknak
1482:at the
1296:4082233
1274:The Auk
1219:Bibcode
1077:1374226
935:called
834:History
809:sockeye
805:chinook
557:Mammals
543:lichens
387:Climate
365:Glasgow
351:Pacific
282:of the
239:in the
227:in the
225:islands
213:Russian
67:Russian
25:55°00′N
2105:Walrus
1998:Wislow
1988:Walrus
1983:Unimak
1953:Uliaga
1943:Ugidak
1938:Ugamak
1923:Tanaga
1913:Stuart
1888:Sledge
1883:Skagul
1878:Shemya
1868:Segula
1863:Seguam
1828:Rootok
1798:Nelson
1743:Kanaga
1678:Derbin
1673:Chugul
1653:Buldir
1643:Bobrof
1633:Bering
1598:Amukta
1568:Akutan
1558:Aiktak
1553:Agattu
1548:Adugak
1416:
1392:
1294:
1116:
1075:
1033:
1026:379174
1023:
881:scurvy
872:Alaska
707:; and
693:horned
681:common
634:dugong
605:, and
547:mosses
521:, the
499:Glinka
440:Aleuts
323:Alaska
303:UNESCO
288:Russia
253:islets
159:Aleuts
63:
2095:Sanak
2085:Punuk
1963:Umnak
1843:Sanak
1813:Otter
1793:Medny
1768:Kiska
1628:Aziak
1593:Amlia
1292:JSTOR
1073:JSTOR
968:Notes
909:Aleut
870:from
844:Aleut
705:gulls
671:Birds
595:orcas
207:, or
96:Medny
2100:Seal
2075:Near
2035:Baby
1958:Umak
1948:Ulak
1763:King
1723:Ilak
1703:Hall
1618:Attu
1613:Atka
1573:Amak
1563:Akun
1543:Adak
1414:ISBN
1390:ISBN
1371:2021
1345:2024
1328:2023
1192:2018
1167:2018
1114:ISSN
1031:PMID
815:and
813:coho
772:and
740:and
732:and
719:and
695:and
687:and
665:rats
663:and
651:and
617:and
578:and
403:and
367:and
353:and
297:the
199:The
168:Area
2090:Rat
2060:Fox
1823:Poa
1683:Egg
1332:doi
1282:doi
1227:doi
1209:".
1104:doi
1065:doi
1021:PMC
1013:doi
826:or
647:, (
423:on
405:Dfb
401:Cfc
397:Dfc
371:in
357:.
301:of
286:in
262:or
193:613
2127::
1361:.
1326:.
1320:.
1290:.
1278:78
1276:.
1272:.
1247:.
1225:.
1215:11
1213:.
1134:.
1112:.
1100:84
1098:.
1094:.
1071:.
1061:19
1059:.
1043:^
1029:.
1019:.
1009:71
1007:.
1001:.
976:^
852:c.
819:.
811:,
807:,
803:,
799:,
795:,
776:.
728:,
703:;
699:;
691:;
683:,
679:;
659:,
621:.
609:,
601:,
593:,
574:,
545:,
407:.
383:.
305:.
290:.
274:.
219:,
215::
203:,
1523:e
1516:t
1509:v
1486:.
1398:.
1373:.
1347:.
1334::
1318:"
1314:"
1298:.
1284::
1257:.
1233:.
1229::
1221::
1194:.
1169:.
1144:.
1120:.
1106::
1079:.
1067::
1037:.
1015::
850:(
529:.
211:(
98:.
69:)
65:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
