1111:
state in the 15th and 16th centuries, and the gradual re-emergence of a common political, economic, and cultural space created the need for a common standard language. The initial impulse for standardization came from the government bureaucracy for the lack of a reliable tool of communication in administrative, legal, and judicial affairs became an obvious practical problem. The earliest attempts at standardizing
Russian were made based on the so-called Moscow official or chancery language, during the 15th to 17th centuries. Since then, the trend of language policy in Russia has been standardization in both the restricted sense of reducing dialectical barriers between ethnic Russians, and the broader sense of expanding the use of Russian alongside or in favour of other languages.
1253:
1276:
658:
8059:
5723:
5656:
63:
474:
442:
1168:
4336:: Nominative (for the grammatical subject), Accusative (for direct objects), Dative (for indirect objects), Genitive (to indicate possession or relation), Instrumental (to indicate 'with' or 'by means of'), and Prepositional (used after the locative prepositions в "in", на "on", о "about", при "in the presence of"). Verbs of motion in Russian – such as 'go', 'walk', 'run', 'swim', and 'fly' – use the imperfective or perfective form to indicate a single or return trip, and also use a multitude of
1241:
1921:
4696:
4349:
502:
610:
17429:
5419:
17547:
1221:
458:
4232:
1327:, Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population, according to a 2011 estimate from the World Factbook, and is officially considered a foreign language. School education in the Russian language is a very contentious point in Estonian politics, and in 2022, the parliament approved a bill to close up all Russian language schools and kindergartens by the school year. The transition to only Estonian language schools and kindergartens will start in the 2024-2025 school year.
4178:
17441:
2461:
334:
301:
285:
268:
5433:
368:
622:
12003:
17479:
646:
634:
598:
394:
354:
252:
586:
4595:
17564:
408:
17530:
17513:
5405:
1152:
and the mobility of the worker population generate another process: the liquidation of peasant inheritance by way of leveling the particulars of local dialects. On the ruins of peasant multilingual, in the context of developing heavy industry, a qualitatively new entity can be said to emerge—the general language of the working class... capitalism has the tendency of creating the general urban language of a given society.
1176:
236:
1139:, the spoken form of the Russian language was that of the nobility and the urban bourgeoisie. Russian peasants, the great majority of the population, continued to speak in their own dialects. However, the peasants' speech was never systematically studied, as it was generally regarded by philologists as simply a source of folklore and an object of curiosity. This was acknowledged by the noted Russian dialectologist
17496:
4659:— "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary found in the spoken language of the time. Even modern readers of younger age may only experience slight difficulties understanding some words in Pushkin's texts, since relatively few words used by Pushkin have become archaic or changed meaning. In fact, many expressions used by Russian writers of the early 19th century, in particular Pushkin,
1354:) should be only in Latvian or a language that "belongs to the European cultural space". The financing of Russian-language content by the state will cease, which the concept says create a "unified information space". However, one inevitable consequence would be the closure of public media broadcasts in Russian on LTV and Latvian Radio, as well as the closure of LSM's Russian-language service.
1406:, Russian is a significant minority language. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. On 5 September 2017, Ukraine's Parliament passed a
1898:. Websites in former Soviet Union member states also used high levels of Russian: 79.0% in Ukraine, 86.9% in Belarus, 84.0% in Kazakhstan, 79.6% in Uzbekistan, 75.9% in Kyrgyzstan and 81.8% in Tajikistan. However, Russian was the sixth-most used language on the top 1,000 sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German, and Japanese.
4626:) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke French daily, and German sometimes. Many Russian novels of the 19th century, e.g.
6205:
of the
Constitution says: "The state language of Ukraine is the Ukrainian language. The State ensures the comprehensive development and functioning of the Ukrainian language in all spheres of social life throughout the entire territory of Ukraine. In Ukraine, the free development, use and protection
5111:
Arefyev A. L., the
Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 2012, A. L. Arefyev published a new study "Russian language at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries", in which he confirmed his conclusion about the trend of weakening of the
1448:
in August 2023 in the territory controlled by
Ukraine and among the refugees, almost 60% of the polled usually speak Ukrainian at home, about 30% – Ukrainian and Russian, only 9% – Russian. Since March 2022, the use of Russian in everyday life has been noticeably decreasing. For 82% of respondents,
6624:
There are six official languages of the UN. These are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and
Spanish. The correct interpretation and translation of these six languages, in both spoken and written form, is very important to the work of the Organization, because this enables clear and concise
5554:
Under the laws of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, Russian language is not offered any status in terms of official language. The provisions only state that "Under request of citizens the text of document compiled by state notary or person acting as a notary shall be issued on Russian and if possible on
1151:
The language of peasants has a motley diversity inherited from feudalism. On its way to becoming proletariat peasantry brings to the factory and the industrial plant their local peasant dialects with their phonetics, grammar, and vocabulary, and the very process of recruiting workers from peasants
1110:
Feudal divisions and conflicts created obstacles between the
Russian principalities before and especially during Mongol rule. This strengthened dialectal differences, and for a while, prevented the emergence of a standardized national language. The formation of the unified and centralized Russian
2109:
after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of
Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the
1431:
in the territory controlled by
Ukraine found that 83% of the respondents believe that Ukrainian should be the only state language of Ukraine. This opinion dominates in all macro-regions, age and language groups. On the other hand, before the war, almost a quarter of Ukrainians were in favour of
1540:
in state and local administration. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of the population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in
Russian, and understand the spoken language. In October 2023, Kazakhstan drafted a media law aimed at increasing the use of the Kazakh
1146:
After 1917, Marxist linguists had no interest in the multiplicity of peasant dialects and regarded their language as a relic of the rapidly disappearing past that was not worthy of scholarly attention. Nakhimovsky quotes the Soviet academicians A.M Ivanov and L.P Yakubinsky, writing in 1930:
1211:
of the United Nations. Education in Russian is still a popular choice for both Russian as a second language (RSL) and native speakers in Russia, and in many former Soviet republics. Russian is still seen as an important language for children to learn in most of the former Soviet republics.
1642:
and claimed it for Russia during the 18th century. Although most Russian colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. In
1307:
declaring Belarusian as their native language. In everyday life in the Belarusian society the Russian language prevails, so according to the 2019 census 6,718,557 people (71.4% of the total population) stated that they speak Russian at home, for ethnic Belarusians this share is 61.4%, for
7673:
4982:
During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the
1410:
which requires all schools to teach at least partially in Ukrainian, with provisions while allow indigenous languages and languages of national minorities to be used alongside the national language. The law faced criticism from officials in Russia and Hungary. The 2019
4332:(perfective and imperfective). Russian nouns each have a gender – either feminine, masculine, or neuter, chiefly indicated by spelling at the end of the word. Words change depending on both their gender and function in the sentence. Russian has six
1552:. The 2009 census states that 482,200 people speak Russian as a native language, or 8.99% of the population. Additionally, 1,854,700 residents of Kyrgyzstan aged 15 and above fluently speak Russian as a second language, or 49.6% of the population in the age group.
1320:— 96.6%; 2,447,764 people (26.0% of the total population) stated that the language they usually speak at home is Belarusian, among ethnic Belarusians this share is 28.5%; the highest share of those who speak Belarusian at home is among ethnic Poles — 46.0%.
1383:
declared the law unconstitutional and deprived Russian of the status of the language of interethnic communication. 50% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 19% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. According to the
1361:, Russian has no official or legal status, but the use of the language has some presence in certain areas. A large part of the population, especially the older generations, can speak Russian as a foreign language. However, English has replaced Russian as
1026:, the other three languages in the East Slavic branch. In many places in eastern and southern Ukraine and throughout Belarus, these languages are spoken interchangeably, and in certain areas traditional bilingualism resulted in language mixtures such as
1412:
4991:
in 1991, several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages, which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian, though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued.
1143:, who toward the end of his life wrote: "Scholars of Russian dialects mostly studied phonetics and morphology. Some scholars and collectors compiled local dictionaries. We have almost no studies of lexical material or the syntax of Russian dialects."
6526:
Russian is the most widespread of the Slavic languages and the largest native language in Europe. Of great political importance, it is one of the official languages of the United Nations – making it a natural area of study for those interested in
1563:
and is permitted in official documentation. 28% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 7% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. The World Factbook notes that Russian is widely used in government and business.
1432:
granting Russian the status of the state language, while after the beginning of Russia's invasion the support for the idea dropped to just 7%. In peacetime, the idea of raising the status of Russian was traditionally supported by residents of the
7665:
3503:
structure can be quite complex, with both initial and final consonant clusters of up to four consecutive sounds. Using a formula with V standing for the nucleus (vowel) and C for each consonant, the maximal structure can be described as follows:
6174:
1889:
In March 2013, Russian was found to be the second-most used language on websites after English. Russian was the language of 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian was used not only on 89.8% of
1187:
and Baltic countries – 93.7 million, in Eastern Europe – 12.9 million, Western Europe – 7.3 million, Asia – 2.7 million, in the Middle East and North Africa – 1.3 million, Sub-Saharan Africa – 0.1 million, Latin America – 0.2 million, U.S.,
6887:
1350:. From 2025, all children will be taught in Latvian only. On 28 September 2023, Latvian deputies approved The National Security Concept, according to which from 1 January 2026, all content created by Latvian public media (including
8452:
The official languages on the ISS are English and Russian, and when I was speaking with the Flight Control Room at JAXA's Tsukuba Space Center during ISS systems and payload operations, I was required to speak in either English or
6594:
The official languages on the ISS are English and Russian, and when I was speaking with the Flight Control Room at JAXA's Tsukuba Space Center during ISS systems and payload operations, I was required to speak in either English or
1367:
in Lithuania and around 80% of young people speak English as their first foreign language. In contrast to the other two Baltic states, Lithuania has a relatively small Russian-speaking minority (5.0% as of 2008). According to the
1597:
and websites regularly publish material in Russian and there are Russian newspapers, television stations, schools, and social media outlets based in the country. There is an Israeli TV channel mainly broadcasting in Russian with
1575:
in 1996. Among 12% of the population who grew up in the Soviet era can speak Russian, other generations of citizens that do not have any knowledge of Russian. Primary and secondary education by Russian is almost non-existent.
322:
9640:
1334:, Russian is officially considered a foreign language. 55% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 26% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. On 18 February 2012, Latvia held a
8137:
5657:
64:
2314:
in 1793 and is based on the so-called "southwest Russian" dialect (Ukrainian dialect). During the Russification of the aforementioned regions in the 1920s to 1950s, it was replaced by the Russian language.
1038:, although it vanished during the 15th or 16th century, is sometimes considered to have played a significant role in the formation of modern Russian. Also, Russian has notable lexical similarities with
7544:
4714:
6170:
8112:
9759:журнал «Демоскоп Weekly» № 329 – 330 14 – 27 апреля 2008. К. Гаврилов. Е. Козиевская. Е. Яценко. Тема номера: русский язык на постсоветских просторах. Где есть потребность в изучении русского языка
6122:
1620:, Russian has been added in the elementary curriculum along with Chinese and Japanese and were named as "first foreign languages" for Vietnamese students to learn, on equal footing with English.
1468:
that used to be satellites of the USSR. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular former Warsaw Pact countries.
1171:
Hemisphere view of countries where Russian is an official language and countries where it is spoken as a first or second language by at least 30% of the population but is not an official language
7261:"Общая численность населения, численность населения по возрасту и полу, состоянию в браке, уровню образования, национальностям, языку, источникам средств к существованию по Республике Беларусь"
5456:
1338:
on whether to adopt Russian as a second official language. According to the Central Election Commission, 74.8% voted against, 24.9% voted for and the voter turnout was 71.1%. Starting in 2019,
430:
224:
8072:
4043:/ through the word-building processes (e.g. фрицёнок, шпицята). Palatalization means that the center of the tongue is raised during and after the articulation of the consonant. In the case of
3191:
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example,
7818:
9771:журнал «Демоскоп Weekly» № 251 – 252 19 июня – 20 августа 2006. А. Арефьев. Тема номера: сколько людей говорят и будут говорить по-русски? Будет ли русский в числе мировых языков в будущем?
7473:
7113:
8347:
8291:
7850:
2065:
7558:
4712:
16348:
15384:
381:
3215:. Once commonly used by the majority of those living outside Russia, transliteration is being used less frequently by Russian-speaking typists in favor of the extension of Unicode
1541:
language over Russian, the law stipulates that the share of the state language on television and radio should increase from 50% to 70%, at a rate of 5% per year, starting in 2025.
1303:, out of 9,413,446 inhabitants of the country, 5,094,928 (54.1% of the total population) named Belarusian as their native language, with 61.2% of ethnic Belarusians and 54.5% of
14779:
7441:
7491:
1522:
1481:
8203:
7597:
6148:
9620:
7718:
7522:
6513:
16752:
16735:
14794:
1457:
are more likely to use both languages for communication or speak Russian. Nevertheless, more than 70% of IDPs and refugees consider Ukrainian to be their native language.
8715:
8239:
5392:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
5379:
Vse lyudi rozhdayutsya svobodnymi i ravnymi v svoyem dostoinstve i pravakh. Oni nadeleny razumom i sovest'yu i dolzhny postupat' v otnoshenii drug druga v dukhe bratstva.
4321:
The spoken language has been influenced by the literary one but continues to preserve characteristic forms. The dialects show various non-standard grammatical features.
16782:
7193:
5492:. 2005. Русский – Российский. История, динамика, идеология двух атрибутов нации (pp. 216–227). В поисках единства. Взгляд филолога на проблему истоков Руси., 2005.
4425:
2387:, a Russian-English pidgin. This word is also used by English speakers to describe the way in which Russians attempt to speak English using Russian morphology or syntax.
1647:, Russian is more spoken than English. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the US and Canada, such as
8144:
7788:
5120:
the Russian language was being replaced or used in conjunction with local languages. Currently, the number of speakers of Russian in the world depends on the number of
6250:
4713:
6373:
5865:
14799:
14784:
9724:журнал «Демоскоп Weekly» № 571 – 572 14 – 31 октября 2013. А. Арефьев. Тема номера: сжимающееся русскоязычие. Демографические изменения - не на пользу русскому языку
7965:
7936:
1388:, Russians accounted for 4.1% of Moldova's population, 9.4% of the population declared Russian as their native language, and 14.5% said they usually spoke Russian.
5895:
4560:
4531:
4448:
16725:
7335:
5622:
6860:
5362:Все люди рождаются свободными и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. Они наделены разумом и совестью и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства.
1342:
will be gradually discontinued in private colleges and universities in Latvia, and in general instruction in Latvian public high schools. On 29 September 2022,
17245:
16745:
7267:
6645:
9398:
7536:
1124:– "sovremenny russky literaturny yazyk"). It arose at the beginning of the 18th century with the modernization reforms of the Russian state under the rule of
1049:
Over the course of centuries, the vocabulary and literary style of Russian have also been influenced by Western and Central European languages such as Greek,
15908:
8474:
1261:
8104:
16771:
16740:
7140:
1837:
1096:
in terms of learning difficulty for native English speakers, requiring approximately 1,100 hours of immersion instruction to achieve intermediate fluency.
549:
5517:. 2012. The Change of the Name of the Russian Language in Russian from Rossiiskii to Russkii: Did Politics Have Anything to Do with It? (pp. 73–96).
16730:
16682:
15601:
4570:
2060:
1731:
changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. According to the
1525:. Russian is the language of 9% of the population according to the World Factbook. Ethnologue cites Russian as the country's de facto working language.
15218:
7910:
7696:
8174:
2209:
consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced in such positions (e.g.
2076:
16979:
12237:
12109:
6225:
6114:
1587:
of the country and the language of the elite. Russian is spoken by 14.2% of the population according to an undated estimate from the World Factbook.
8079:
6056:
4485:"Full" 17-volumed dictionary of the contemporary language. The second 20-volumed edition was begun in 1991, but not all volumes have been finished.
1590:
In 2005, Russian was the most widely taught foreign language in Mongolia, and was compulsory in Year 7 onward as a second foreign language in 2006.
11361:
8814:
Ordin, Mikhail. (2011). Palatalization and Intrinsic Prosodic Vowel Features in Russian. Language and speech. 54. 547-68. 10.1177/0023830911404962.
7810:
7464:
2071:
1715:(especially the generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. Before the
9429:
8835:
7648:
1807:
8343:
1266:
17624:
16217:
11961:
9087:
8439:
8288:
7840:
6581:
6262:
5591:
1862:
1299:. 77% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 67% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. According to the
1046:
influence on both languages, but because of later interaction in the 19th and 20th centuries, Bulgarian grammar differs markedly from Russian.
897:
557:
5530:
4576:
17604:
16677:
16290:
14644:
11458:
10207:
9547:
O'Brien, M.A., New English–Russian and Russian–English Dictionary (New Orthography), New York, The Language Library 1944, Dover Publications.
8395:
6826:
6789:
5989:
4636:, contain entire paragraphs and even pages in French with no translation given, with an assumption that educated readers would not need one.
1162:
901:
80:
6974:
16343:
15006:
12355:
7566:
1495:
of the country. 26% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 5% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work.
8312:
4556:
No single periodization is universally accepted, but the history of the Russian language is sometimes divided into the following periods:
1583:, Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication. It has some official roles, being permitted in official documentation and is the
16862:
16832:
15098:
7612:
7357:
4442:
44,000 entries lexically grouped; attempt to catalogue the full vernacular language. Contains many dialectal, local, and obsolete words.
1454:
6724:
17119:
17079:
16989:
16800:
16316:
15058:
11923:
10515:
10334:
10245:
9943:
9903:
8020:
7990:
5108:
9524:
Iliev, Iv. The Russian Genitive of Negation and Its Japanese Counterpart. International Journal of Russian Stidies. 1, 2018 (In Print)
9175:
1346:
passed in the final reading amendments that state that all schools and kindergartens in the country are to transition to education in
17107:
17002:
16874:
16660:
11928:
8606:
7437:
7299:
6920:
1777:
1748:
518:
7487:
6683:
6480:
5929:
1757:
Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the following:
17012:
16929:
16822:
15983:
10731:
6539:
4340:
to add shades of meaning to the verb. Such verbs also take on different forms to distinguish between concrete and abstract motion.
3232:
2418:, a range of mixed (macaronic) sociolects of Ukrainian and Russian languages used in certain regions of Ukraine and adjacent lands.
1787:
1208:
909:
11915:
In Russia, the Cyrillic alphabet is officially supported. For other, non-Cyrillic alphabets, separate federal laws are required.
9738:
9523:
9345:
8793:
8196:
7736:
7666:"The Court examined the constitutionality of the Law on the Usage of Languages Spoken on the Territory of the Republic of Moldova"
7589:
6144:
4051:, the tongue is raised enough to produce slight frication (affricate sounds; cf. Belarusian ць, дзь, or Polish ć, dź). The sounds
16952:
16759:
16626:
15520:
15425:
15340:
14867:
14250:
12399:
9262:
9204:
9113:
8743:
7710:
7514:
7246:
6882:
6505:
6406:
5524:"The Change of the Name of the Russian Language in Russian from Rossiiskii to Russkii: Did Politics Have Anything to Do with It?"
5446:
4362:
The number of listed words or entries in some of the major dictionaries published during the past two centuries, are as follows:
1852:
541:
6089:
16650:
16495:
16224:
15641:
11356:
9795:
9749:
9318:
8707:
6611:
5113:
5112:
Russian language after the Soviet Union's collapse in various regions of the world (findings published in 2013 in the journal "
5104:
4329:
3961:
1335:
1197:
9031:
7880:
7200:
3273:. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious:
17137:
16638:
16604:
16592:
16587:
16478:
15736:
15399:
15078:
12230:
12102:
10252:
10037:
9773:
9761:
9726:
9700:
9665:
9634:
9609:
9514:
9495:
9372:
9290:
9233:
9146:
9041:
8959:
7780:
7766:
7118:
7048:
6968:
6011:
5354:
1792:
1629:
1484:. 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work.
17064:
16120:
9066:
8229:
5561:
5500:
4995:
The Russian language in the world declined after 1991 due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and decrease in the number of
946:
has a hard or soft counterpart, and the distinction is a prominent feature of the language. Another important aspect is the
17614:
17174:
16942:
16070:
15782:
15035:
12417:
10187:
8564:
6369:
5857:
5797:
5744:
3139:. While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. The
1688:
8624:
5959:
17467:
17054:
16720:
16667:
16655:
16013:
14957:
10079:
7958:
7932:
3855:
3795:
2278:(Common Slavic) times all Slavs spoke one mutually intelligible language or group of dialects. There is a high degree of
1867:
1379:, Russian was considered to be the language of interethnic communication under a Soviet-era law. On 21 January 2021, the
8466:
8266:[Russian language has become compulsory in Mongolia] (in Russian). New Region. 21 September 2006. Archived from
7085:
5891:
5766:
1882:
astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. This practice goes back to the
1735:, in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States.
17102:
17097:
16817:
16765:
15515:
15134:
12544:
11954:
11216:
10166:
8951:
8896:
8538:
1832:
1767:
1648:
1445:
1428:
1184:
533:
513:
7325:
6739:
Waterson, Natalie (1955). "The Turkic Languages of Central Asia: Problems of Planned Culture Contact by Stefan Wurm".
6198:
6064:"Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR"
17354:
17305:
17238:
17049:
16777:
16379:
16283:
15948:
15837:
15772:
15073:
14932:
14637:
11451:
11234:
9579:
9560:
9538:
9011:
8983:
8678:
7385:
6899:
6448:
6295:
3393:– "to have cut"); to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words, especially personal and family names, like
1842:
1802:
1797:
1511:
545:
9782:Жуковская Л. П. (отв. ред.) Древнерусский литературный язык и его отношение к старославянскому. — М.: «Наука», 1987.
6637:
17384:
17372:
17196:
17186:
17142:
16957:
16633:
16582:
16465:
15696:
15679:
15345:
12348:
12223:
12095:
9394:
3922:
2138:
1395:, Russian language skills were indicated by 138 million people (99.4% of the respondents), while according to the
17619:
17389:
17377:
17233:
17218:
17132:
17034:
16616:
16436:
15490:
15028:
14789:
12447:
10589:
10532:
10288:
9920:
7845:
5451:
4988:
4545:
3820:
1817:
1716:
1380:
14762:
7260:
7148:
1284:
17594:
17502:
17330:
17310:
17007:
16621:
16446:
16374:
16095:
15721:
15154:
14819:
10508:
10327:
10220:
9979:
9896:
8684:
8373:
6063:
6037:
4999:
in the world and diminution of the total population in Russia (where Russian is an official language), however
4551:
3238:
1407:
913:
17485:
8916:
17401:
17228:
17092:
17044:
16805:
16599:
16473:
16456:
15891:
15606:
15430:
15390:
15144:
15068:
15063:
14967:
14804:
11947:
4119:
3848:
1351:
1140:
700:
413:
7902:
7688:
5827:
751:
718:
17599:
16997:
16672:
16567:
16368:
16276:
16177:
16157:
16060:
15711:
15661:
15525:
15370:
15335:
15018:
14630:
13480:
12540:
11918:
11444:
11351:
8170:
7330:
4166:
3886:
3834:
3777:
3485:
you ate?"). Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners.
2320:
has some words of Russian and Slavic origin and some features of its grammar could be derived from Russian.
1857:
1812:
553:
157:
8261:
6217:
6171:"Președintele CCM: Constituția nu conferă limbii ruse un statut deosebit de cel al altor limbi minoritare"
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4072:
4068:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4032:
3174:
3170:
3136:
3132:
3098:
3094:
3070:
3046:
3022:
2988:
2984:
2955:
2941:
2927:
2913:
2899:
2885:
2871:
2857:
2843:
2829:
2815:
2799:
2785:
2771:
2757:
2743:
2729:
2715:
2701:
2687:
2673:
2659:
2643:
2629:
2615:
2601:
2587:
2573:
2559:
2545:
2531:
2517:
2503:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2231:
2202:
2198:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2155:
2134:
17278:
17260:
17026:
16884:
16845:
16812:
16502:
16490:
16406:
16308:
16075:
15812:
15684:
15591:
15545:
15535:
15500:
15380:
15255:
15240:
14894:
14860:
12395:
12341:
11346:
10974:
10541:
10240:
10225:
8034:
4111:
2484:
alphabet. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. The following table gives their forms, along with
1875:
1847:
1450:
1441:
905:
674:
162:
1061:, German, French, Italian, and English, and to a lesser extent the languages to the south and the east:
17273:
17250:
17223:
16135:
15968:
15750:
15731:
15631:
15621:
15616:
15208:
15088:
14751:
11859:
11381:
10819:
10273:
10235:
10230:
10049:
9626:
9601:
9421:
7415:
7412:"Results of the referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia'"
5599:
4243:
4028:
4008:
3979:
3968:
3942:
3914:
3907:
3893:
3872:
3841:
3827:
3785:
3759:
3739:
3725:
3704:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3634:
3620:
3599:
3587:
3575:
3563:
3193:
2211:
2206:
1603:
1560:
1549:
1533:
1339:
1085:
936:
874:
679:
8827:
7637:
4689:), became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech.
1460:
In the 20th century, Russian was a mandatory language taught in the schools of the members of the old
1183:
In 2010, there were 259.8 million speakers of Russian in the world: in Russia – 137.5 million, in the
1132:) dialect substratum under the influence of some of the previous century's Russian chancery language.
17589:
17315:
17288:
17191:
16187:
16167:
16140:
15896:
15656:
15415:
15294:
15223:
15103:
14683:
13389:
11138:
10501:
10385:
10373:
10320:
10126:
10097:
9889:
5603:
4705:
4141:
3900:
3865:
2194:
2126:
2119:
2111:
1772:
1304:
528:
17283:
8431:
8058:
6573:
6254:
6215:
5722:
2290:, and a moderate degree of it in all modern Slavic languages, at least at the conversational level.
1727:
in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former
17396:
15701:
15540:
15510:
15375:
15289:
15198:
15161:
14814:
14693:
13870:
13409:
13374:
12475:
11852:
11776:
11769:
11178:
10357:
10215:
10109:
9933:
8402:
6356:
5607:
5594:
since March 2014; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider Crimea to be an
5523:
4611:
4305:
4127:
2115:
1724:
1252:
1129:
775:
6815:
6782:
5981:
2178:, respectively. Another Northern dialectal morphological feature is a post-posed definite article
17609:
16645:
16207:
16182:
16018:
15867:
15827:
15530:
15475:
15360:
15228:
14571:
14265:
13523:
13434:
13316:
13311:
12246:
12118:
11823:
11802:
11783:
11687:
11527:
11520:
11239:
11156:
11084:
10875:
10832:
10548:
9986:
9487:
7144:
7009:
The Language of Russian Peasants in the Twentieth Century: A Linguistic Analysis and Oral History
6996:
The Language of Russian Peasants in the Twentieth Century: A Linguistic Analysis and Oral History
5367:
4274:
4263:
3732:
3718:
3697:
3186:
2469:
2336:, Russian is one of its six source languages, weighed for the number of Russian speakers in 1985.
1296:
1275:
995:
803:
537:
115:
8857:
Nesset, Tore (2008). "Path and Manner: An Image-Schematic Approach to Russian Verbs of Motion".
6714:
4067:, something which is most noticeable when it involves a labial before a hard vowel, such as мы,
3203:
17553:
17325:
16917:
16855:
16145:
16003:
15973:
15928:
15879:
15874:
15807:
15691:
15651:
15611:
15445:
15355:
15350:
15171:
15083:
14950:
14853:
14294:
14111:
13793:
12618:
12613:
12584:
12572:
11816:
11809:
11565:
11076:
11009:
11004:
10969:
10928:
10699:
10278:
9996:
9974:
5461:
4607:
4328:
in Russian – past, present, and future – and each verb has two
4150:
3933:
3538:
3259:
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional
2279:
2229:
1822:
1369:
1300:
1229:
939:
799:
120:
8308:
7619:
1514:. Russian was also the main foreign language taught in school in China between 1949 and 1964.
1413:
Law of Ukraine "On protecting the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the state language"
17444:
16416:
16172:
15913:
15886:
15847:
15787:
15586:
15555:
15465:
15213:
15149:
14824:
14809:
14583:
14559:
14282:
14245:
12743:
12322:
12204:
12076:
12055:
11791:
11269:
11223:
11148:
11126:
11041:
11030:
10838:
10810:
10789:
10600:
10555:
6509:
4680:
4603:
4001:
3627:
3613:
3223:
extension, which allow users to type Russian characters, even on Western 'QWERTY' keyboards.
2431:
2275:
1420:
1396:
1392:
1313:
795:
781:
167:
130:
14457:
8017:
8001:
7559:"Statistics Lithuania: 78.5% of Lithuanians speak at least one foreign language | News"
2266:
in 3rd person forms of verbs (this is unpalatalized in the Standard and Northern dialects).
17206:
17069:
16889:
16687:
16401:
16202:
16110:
16105:
15857:
15792:
15550:
15485:
15480:
15470:
15440:
15435:
15395:
14902:
14230:
14091:
13910:
13890:
13875:
13611:
13576:
13384:
12291:
11970:
11633:
11540:
11285:
10779:
10749:
10708:
10628:
9692:
9169:
7733:"Демоскоп Weekly. Об итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года. Сообщение Росстата"
6326:
6249:
4059:, that is, pronounced with the tip of the tongue against the teeth rather than against the
3752:
3270:
3219:, which fully incorporates the Russian alphabet. Free programs are available offering this
2339:
1732:
1664:
1385:
1233:
1136:
1089:
1035:
991:
955:
17293:
8603:
7959:"Соціологічне дослідження до Дня Незалежності УЯВЛЕННЯ ПРО ПАТРІОТИЗМ ТА МАЙБУТНЄ УКРАЇНИ"
7465:"Moscow threatens sanctions against Latvia over removal of Russian from secondary schools"
6216:
Ethnic Groups and Religious department, Fujian Provincial Government (13 September 2022).
4513:
Current language, the dictionary has many subsequent editions from the first one of 1998.
8:
17433:
17162:
16967:
16896:
16704:
16553:
16431:
16353:
16326:
16197:
15953:
15903:
15822:
15726:
15560:
15505:
15460:
15455:
15450:
15405:
15365:
15330:
15272:
15186:
15117:
14979:
14653:
14543:
14523:
14287:
14214:
13915:
13865:
13860:
13271:
12838:
12422:
12030:
11984:
11641:
11467:
11386:
11295:
11094:
11061:
10962:
10952:
10921:
10721:
10608:
10571:
10560:
10362:
10176:
9969:
9928:
9745:— М.: Центр социального прогнозирования и маркетинга, 2012. — 482 стр. Аннотация книги в
6679:
6470:
5921:
5595:
5424:
4197:, but in most cases these vowels have merged to only two to four vowels when unstressed:
3254:
2425:
2390:
2357:
2317:
2283:
2050:
1966:
1752:
1676:
1424:
1309:
1019:
17519:
13900:
13885:
12500:
7386:"Referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia'"
6948:
6547:
1521:, Russian has no official status, but it is recognized as a minority language under the
1480:, Russian has no official status, but it is recognized as a minority language under the
806:. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the
17300:
17211:
16528:
16441:
16331:
16321:
16125:
16100:
16090:
16080:
16065:
16050:
16008:
15938:
15923:
15862:
15842:
15832:
15802:
15777:
15762:
15706:
15646:
15636:
15495:
15318:
15304:
15299:
15245:
15181:
14991:
14688:
14488:
14260:
14194:
14143:
14096:
14040:
13770:
13713:
13439:
12595:
12364:
12178:
12050:
11846:
11712:
11682:
11626:
11580:
10957:
10894:
10869:
10716:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10637:
10061:
10027:
10001:
9735:
9342:
8874:
8785:
8234:
8029:
7841:"Ukrainian Language Bill Facing Barrage Of Criticism From Minorities, Foreign Capitals"
6764:
6330:
6040:[Constitution of the Republic of South Ossetia]. 11 August 2009. Archived from
5956:"Русский язык: жизнь после смерти. Язык, политика и общество в современном Узбекистане"
5679:
5513:. On the 1830s change in the Russian name of the Russian language and its causes, see:
4650:
4266:
3528:
3216:
2398:
2374:
2311:
2287:
2082:
1644:
1440:. But even in these regions, only a third of the respondents were in favour, and after
1416:
1039:
1015:
13895:
12505:
11371:
9770:
9256:
9227:
9198:
9107:
6396:
818:
767:
17408:
17348:
17127:
16913:
16609:
16411:
16396:
16338:
16243:
15995:
15963:
15958:
15943:
15918:
15767:
15716:
15666:
15596:
15574:
15419:
15203:
15139:
15129:
15093:
14996:
14962:
14940:
14885:
14746:
14741:
14467:
14127:
14001:
13946:
13838:
13746:
13741:
13698:
13620:
13351:
13331:
13256:
13233:
13006:
12888:
12858:
12700:
12691:
12643:
12633:
12480:
12412:
12025:
11753:
11667:
11406:
11396:
11257:
11173:
11111:
11014:
10996:
10979:
10936:
10910:
10856:
10851:
10774:
10739:
10658:
10581:
10460:
10444:
10390:
10378:
10074:
10044:
9696:
9661:
9656:
Timberlake, Alan (1993). "Russian". In Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville G. (eds.).
9630:
9605:
9575:
9556:
9534:
9510:
9491:
9480:
9200:В странах Азии, Африки и Латинской Америки наш язык стремительно утрачивает свою роль
9037:
9007:
9006:(First paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 112–113.
8979:
8955:
8878:
8771:
8674:
7081:
6964:
6912:
6895:
6813:
6756:
6118:
6081:
4984:
4660:
4640:
4619:
4282:
3545:
3494:
2106:
1635:
1518:
1503:
1427:. The law does not regulate private communication. A poll conducted in March 2022 by
826:
10758:
9792:
9746:
9312:
6607:
6115:"List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 (Status as of: 21/9/2011)"
16130:
16085:
16028:
15933:
15852:
15817:
15626:
15277:
15176:
14984:
14836:
14721:
14538:
14533:
14503:
14462:
14442:
14331:
14326:
14270:
14240:
14078:
13951:
13931:
13880:
13847:
13808:
13803:
13798:
13756:
13751:
13733:
13581:
13571:
13475:
13424:
13419:
13394:
13321:
13014:
12991:
12986:
12916:
12911:
12906:
12868:
12808:
12733:
12676:
12671:
12656:
12427:
12378:
12173:
11893:
11883:
11831:
11763:
11748:
11728:
11697:
11615:
11560:
11555:
11545:
11391:
11327:
11131:
10845:
10796:
10784:
10769:
10648:
10524:
10343:
10089:
9964:
9836:
8866:
8752:
8711:
7872:
7732:
7711:"The Population of the Republic of Moldova at the time of the Census was 2 998 235"
7109:"Сжимающееся русскоязычие. Демографические изменения — не на пользу русскому языку"
6956:
6748:
5650:
5514:
4960:
4936:
4912:
4888:
4864:
4840:
4816:
4792:
4764:
4599:
4333:
4056:
3533:
3523:
2864:
2451:
2439:
1976:
1907:
1883:
1696:
1433:
1347:
1240:
1179:
Competence of Russian in countries of the former Soviet Union (except Russia), 2004
1070:
1066:
1062:
959:
924:
889:
199:
125:
57:
14086:
9758:
9723:
9362:
9284:
9138:
8585:
Context and the Lexicon in the Development of Russian Aspect, By Neil Bermel, p 16
7758:
7238:
7108:
7044:
6206:
of Russian, and other languages of national minorities of Ukraine, is guaranteed."
6015:
1920:
1167:
17320:
16533:
16485:
16391:
16252:
16212:
16115:
16055:
16045:
16033:
15978:
15797:
15191:
15166:
14945:
14731:
14726:
14716:
14667:
14518:
14508:
14498:
14447:
14437:
14311:
14184:
14179:
14174:
14063:
14053:
14048:
14016:
14006:
13991:
13981:
13971:
13941:
13905:
13855:
13818:
13783:
13723:
13703:
13683:
13648:
13633:
13628:
13551:
13490:
13470:
13465:
13460:
13404:
13296:
13266:
13215:
13190:
13175:
13149:
13144:
13124:
13109:
13054:
12996:
12981:
12976:
12961:
12956:
12901:
12833:
12813:
12748:
12723:
12651:
12628:
12530:
12495:
12490:
12465:
12437:
12432:
12301:
12281:
12260:
12183:
12158:
12153:
12132:
12035:
11898:
11878:
11836:
11758:
11743:
11733:
11707:
11654:
11595:
11590:
11575:
11570:
11550:
11514:
11504:
11411:
11209:
11168:
11161:
10915:
10905:
10880:
10863:
10653:
10621:
10576:
10566:
10439:
10413:
10156:
10022:
10006:
9991:
9938:
9799:
9777:
9765:
9753:
9742:
9730:
9349:
9070:
9063:
8900:
8610:
8295:
8024:
7933:"Шосте загальнонаціональне опитування: мовне питання в Україні (19 березня 2022)"
6960:
6891:
6202:
5557:
5494:
5489:
5438:
4564:
4222:
3991:
3607:
3550:
2481:
2473:
2455:
2435:
1956:
1537:
1465:
1437:
1317:
1125:
1078:
1054:
1043:
1011:
999:
947:
928:
204:
195:
172:
107:
8946:Лопатин В. В., Улуханов И. С. (2005). "Восточнославянские языки. Русский язык".
8738:
8560:
8534:
7328:[The Riigikogu approved the transition to Estonian-language education].
5805:
5736:
4348:
17340:
17268:
16548:
16538:
16150:
16023:
15284:
15250:
14974:
14927:
14736:
14528:
14472:
14452:
14255:
14220:
14209:
14204:
14199:
14106:
14058:
13996:
13966:
13961:
13823:
13813:
13778:
13688:
13653:
13638:
13586:
13546:
13541:
13536:
13485:
13429:
13399:
13379:
13369:
13364:
13341:
13261:
13246:
13241:
13210:
13185:
13170:
13165:
13134:
13129:
13119:
13114:
13104:
13099:
13094:
13089:
13044:
13019:
12966:
12878:
12863:
12828:
12798:
12793:
12773:
12763:
12758:
12753:
12681:
12666:
12608:
12603:
12510:
12470:
12455:
12306:
12296:
12188:
12168:
12163:
12008:
11796:
11702:
11692:
11677:
11672:
11662:
11647:
11605:
11509:
11499:
11426:
11401:
11194:
11116:
11106:
11049:
10827:
10764:
10667:
10423:
10366:
10114:
10102:
9785:Иванов В. В. Историческая грамматика русского языка. — М.: «Просвещение», 1990.
9475:
8978:. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 2022. p. 12.
8639:
7362:
5955:
5671:
5371:
5107:" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the
4471:
4453:
4312:
4064:
4060:
3652:
2850:
2836:
2822:
2808:
2594:
2460:
2410:
2343:
1989:
1911:
1762:
1712:
1449:
Ukrainian is their mother tongue, and for 16%, Russian is their mother tongue.
1105:
1058:
1023:
1003:
881:
615:
507:
188:
20:
12485:
9841:
9824:
8870:
8756:
8073:"Results of the 2009 National Population Census of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
6752:
6195:
1444:, their number dropped by almost half. According to the survey carried out by
1010:
tribes from the late 9th to the mid-13th centuries. From the point of view of
17583:
17201:
16257:
16162:
15671:
15410:
15001:
14513:
14387:
14363:
14306:
14135:
14068:
14026:
14011:
13936:
13788:
13693:
13566:
13561:
13414:
13326:
13306:
13301:
13291:
13281:
13276:
13251:
13205:
13200:
13195:
13180:
13139:
13084:
13079:
13074:
13069:
13064:
13059:
13049:
13039:
13034:
13024:
12971:
12951:
12946:
12941:
12936:
12931:
12926:
12921:
12873:
12853:
12848:
12843:
12823:
12803:
12788:
12783:
12778:
12738:
12728:
12713:
12708:
12661:
12623:
12525:
12515:
12060:
12040:
11841:
11738:
11620:
11600:
11535:
11376:
11366:
11066:
10942:
10687:
10613:
10069:
9948:
9589:
8664:
8427:
8105:"Kazakhstan drafts media law to increase use of Kazakh language over Russian"
8046:
7613:"Ethnic and Language Policy of the Republic of Lithuania: Basis and Practice"
7069:
6760:
6728:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 912–914.
6719:
6569:
5774:
5410:
4670:
4632:
4430:
4093:
2948:
2934:
2792:
2764:
2750:
2736:
2722:
2694:
2680:
2666:
2652:
2608:
2580:
2566:
2552:
2538:
2524:
2510:
2465:
2347:
1915:
1668:
1363:
880:
Russian has over 258 million total speakers worldwide. It is the most spoken
870:
850:
744:
680:
V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
463:
10299:
8891:
8670:
The Shape Of Words To Come: Lojban Morphology - The Lojban Reference Grammar
7071:
7070:
Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons; Charles D. Fennig, eds. (21 February 2018).
6741:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
4639:
The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of
4294:
that, for the literary language, is the conscious fusion of three elements:
17084:
16905:
16299:
16038:
15023:
15013:
14493:
14358:
14321:
14021:
13986:
13976:
13956:
13828:
13708:
13673:
13663:
13658:
13643:
13531:
13455:
13359:
13336:
13029:
12896:
12818:
12768:
12718:
12520:
12460:
11902:
11888:
11610:
11585:
10984:
10408:
10171:
9788:Новиков Л. А. Современный русский язык: для высшей школы. — М.: Лань, 2003.
9684:
8772:"Lexical stress assignment and reading skills of Russian heritage children"
7389:
6475:
6357:
Constitution and Fundamental Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
5117:
3260:
2920:
2778:
2708:
2622:
2496:
2170:
in stressed closed syllables (as in Ukrainian) instead of Standard Russian
2159:
2029:
1728:
1652:
1609:
Russian is also spoken as a second language by a small number of people in
1568:
1507:
1220:
963:
866:
822:
479:
27:
12215:
12087:
9033:
The ideology of English: French perceptions of English as a world language
6444:
6287:
5710:
4063:. According to some linguists, the "plain" consonants are velarized as in
735:
16947:
16909:
16901:
16523:
16507:
16421:
16363:
15233:
15040:
14917:
14404:
14380:
14353:
14343:
14316:
14301:
14277:
14101:
13678:
13601:
13596:
13556:
13286:
11313:
11300:
10032:
8828:"Can Russians from different parts of the country understand each other?"
8497:
The Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities
8078:. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit. Archived from
6709:
4627:
4105:
4088:
4035:/ is generally considered to be always hard; however, loan words such as
3951:
2307:
2130:
1936:
1660:
1610:
1599:
1461:
1193:
97:
92:
11054:
6334:
4352:
This page from an "ABC" book printed in Moscow in 1694 shows the letter
4231:
1711:. In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in
16937:
15262:
14922:
14912:
14432:
14370:
14348:
13718:
13591:
11939:
11250:
11229:
11121:
10481:
10268:
10182:
8786:"Russian Vowels: All the Rules You Need to Know | FluentU Russian Blog"
8051:
7488:"Latvia to gradually transition to education only in official language"
7303:
7076:
6947:
Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.),
6713:
6690:
5715:
5587:
5457:
List of countries and territories where Russian is an official language
4729:
4519:
4298:
4270:
4210:
4158:
4098:
2148:
1827:
1744:
1720:
1594:
1593:
Around 1.5 million Israelis spoke Russian as of 2017. The Israeli
1580:
1556:
1545:
1529:
1488:
1175:
1093:
1007:
982:), or to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names.
942:
and those without—the so-called "soft" and "hard" sounds. Almost every
846:
842:
838:
339:
306:
290:
273:
17536:
16268:
14622:
11436:
9352:— М.: Центр социального прогнозирования и маркетинга, 2012. — 482 стр.
8708:"RusKey: mapping the Russian keyboard layout into the Latin alphabets"
8517:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8509:
8507:
8505:
7100:
6768:
4720:
Reading of excerpt of Pushkin's "Winter Evening" (Зимний вечер), 1825.
4649:) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized
4177:
1894:
sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Soviet Union domain
1874:
The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the
17157:
17152:
16974:
16867:
16697:
16358:
14907:
14409:
14397:
14392:
14336:
13668:
12407:
12333:
12286:
12045:
11275:
11101:
11089:
10465:
10197:
10119:
9597:
8668:
4135:
3809:
3767:
3443:), and to show which is the stressed word in a sentence, for example
2906:
2878:
2421:
2330:
of ancient origin, with Russian grammar, but with distinct vocabulary
2236:
2152:
1708:
1532:, Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the
1358:
1031:
967:
943:
760:
728:
710:
692:
8737:
Cignoni, Giovanni A.; Prokhorov, Sergei P. (October–December 2023).
8369:
7438:"Latvia pushes majority language in schools, leaving parents miffed"
7358:"Estonia's Russian schools to switch to Estonian-language schooling"
6852:
6145:"National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic"
6067:
6041:
4594:
4036:
17147:
16692:
16426:
16386:
14375:
11320:
11244:
11202:
10493:
10475:
10418:
10312:
10283:
10131:
9881:
9139:"журнал "Демоскоп". Где есть потребность в изучении русского языка"
9088:"Language and Geopolitics: A Case Study of the Former Soviet Union"
8739:"Tracing the Origins of the First Soviet Computers, Beyond Legends"
8502:
7515:"In Latvia, from 2025, all children will be taught in Latvian only"
5432:
5121:
4996:
3500:
2485:
2406:
2402:
2384:
2299:
2091:
2039:
917:
862:
807:
627:
447:
373:
14845:
9679:. Cambridge primers of pronunciation. Cambridge: University Press.
8924:
8289:К визиту Нетаньяху: что Россия может получить от экономики Израиля
7590:"Employees fluent in three languages – it's the norm in Lithuania"
1559:, Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication under the
1295:, Russian is a second state language alongside Belarusian per the
1114:
The current standard form of Russian is generally regarded as the
17039:
16543:
15385:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
15267:
14756:
14711:
14414:
11307:
11263:
10470:
10192:
10136:
9857:
8638:. Krakow: Polska Akademia Umieje ̨tno ́sci: 39–56. Archived from
8344:"Vietnam to add Chinese, Russian to elementary school curriculum"
5675:
3237:
The Russian language was first introduced to computing after the
3220:
2636:
2415:
2378:
2361:
2246:, whereas the Standard and Northern dialects have the consonants
2219:
1946:
1700:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1617:
1477:
1403:
1376:
1324:
1292:
1280:
1245:
1225:
1027:
932:
893:
858:
854:
834:
651:
639:
603:
591:
399:
359:
257:
9509:(1st ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
9468:
Introduction to the Phonological History of the Slavic Languages
7072:"Statistical Summaries. Summary by language size. Language size"
6949:"Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia"
6814:
Aliyeh Kord Zafaranlu Kambuziya; Eftekhar Sadat Hashemi (2010).
1634:
The Russian language was first introduced in North America when
14876:
8267:
7873:"Про забезпечення функціонування української мови як державної"
6317:
Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). "Language and National Survival".
5583:
4337:
4325:
2394:
2370:
2333:
2090: 14. Steppe dialect of Ukrainian with Russian influences (
2019:
1782:
1704:
1656:
1639:
1343:
1331:
1257:
1196:– 4.1 million speakers. Therefore, the Russian language is the
1189:
1074:
885:
830:
523:
241:
76:
9660:. London, England; New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 827–886.
8138:"Population And Housing Census Of The Kyrgyz Republic Of 2009"
7759:"Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве"
7689:"Moldovan court overturns special status for Russian language"
7537:"Saeima approves updated National Security concept for Latvia"
7239:"Русскоязычие распространено не только там, где живут русские"
5602:, whereas Russia, on the other hand, considers Crimea to be a
4405:
Russian and Church Slavonic with some Old Russian vocabulary.
4391:
Russian and Church Slavonic with some Old Russian vocabulary.
2147:). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have
1523:
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
1482:
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
1372:, Russian was the native language for 7.2% of the population.
17461:
16962:
16840:
10161:
8945:
7811:"Ukraine defends education reform as Hungary promises 'pain'"
7388:. Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012. Archived from
6413:
2365:
2351:
2327:
2323:
2303:
2009:
1692:
1499:
1201:
1050:
951:
663:
9863:
9258:Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве
7411:
6398:Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве
5007:
Recent estimates of the total number of speakers of Russian
2262:, respectively. The morphology features a palatalized final
966:
may be used to mark stress – such as to distinguish between
892:, as well as the most geographically widespread language of
17074:
16850:
9338:
9336:
9101:
9099:
9097:
8435:
7414:(in Latvian). Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012.
6577:
4426:
Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language
3242:
2892:
1998:
1879:
9860:- Prominent Russian language resource for English speakers
9395:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Russian (Russky)"
6816:"Russian Loanword Adoptation in Persian; Optimal Approach"
6783:"Falling Sonoroty Onsets, Loanwords, and Syllable contact"
4354:
2428:
used by a large portion of the rural population in Belarus
1502:, Russian has no official status, but it is spoken by the
958:, which is often unpredictable, is not normally indicated
17570:
17059:
16879:
9872:
8467:"Russian is now the second most used language on the web"
7045:"Демографические изменения – не на пользу русскому языку"
6370:"Russian Language Enjoying a Boost in Post-Soviet States"
4583:
The history of the Russian language is also divided into
4419:
Russian and Church Slavonic with Old Russian vocabulary.
3140:
2269:
1895:
1891:
1548:, Russian is a co-official language per article 5 of the
1419:
in more than 30 spheres of public life: in particular in
898:
seventh-most spoken language by number of native speakers
321:
As inter-ethnic language but with no official status, or
310:(as inter-ethnic language designated by the constitution)
9333:
9094:
7715:
National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova
6998:. United Kingdom: Lexington Books. (Chapter 1)
6660:
6066:. U.S. English Foundation Research. 2016. Archived from
5835:
5128:
The changing proportion of Russian speakers in the world
1283:
with Russian as their native language (according to the
26:"Great Russian" redirects here. Not to be confused with
9572:
The languages of Israel: policy, ideology, and practice
9531:
Russian Diaspora Culture, Identity, and Language Change
7326:"Riigikogu kiitis heaks eestikeelsele õppele ülemineku"
6251:
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
5892:"Бесправен, но востребован. Русский язык в Узбекистане"
5798:"Article 7. Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
5617:
5615:
5103:
According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "
4653:
by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called
2302:, a Ukrainian dialect spoken in Krasnodar region, Don,
1256:
Percentage of Russian speakers in different regions of
7063:
6638:"Most used languages online by share of websites 2024"
5488:") as the Russian adjectives denoting "Russian", see:
4189:
Russian has five or six vowels in stressed syllables,
2468:), the first East Slavic printed textbook. Printed by
2190:
similar to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian.
1198:
seventh-largest in the world by the number of speakers
904:. Russian is one of two official languages aboard the
902:
ninth-most spoken language by total number of speakers
9802:// Вопросы языкознания. — М., 1982, No. 5. — С. 18–28
8396:"Language Use in the United States: 2007, census.gov"
5767:"Article 17. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus"
5640:
4573:(14th or 15th century until the 17th or 18th century)
3114:
3104:
3076:
3052:
3028:
3004:
2994:
2966:
2377:
with Russian-derived basic structure and part of the
11998:
9073:(The 1990 USSR Law about the Languages of the USSR)
8171:"Russian Language Status in Central Asian Countries"
6884:
Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education
6425:
5737:"Article 68. Constitution of the Russian Federation"
5612:
5400:
4504:
Great Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language
1838:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
9822:
9064:"Закон СССР от 24 April 1990 О языках народов СССР"
8230:"For Mongolians, E Is for English, F Is for Future"
8111:. Agence France-Presse. 6 October 2023. 0261-3077.
7638:"Gyventojai pagal tautybę, gimtąją kalbą ir tikybą"
7141:"Russia's Language Could Be Ticket in for Migrants"
6955:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580,
4213:, which are displayed on the diagram to the right.
2397:language with mostly Russian vocabulary and mostly
1423:, media, education, science, culture, advertising,
1399:– 142.6 million people (99.2% of the respondents).
9553:Language policy: hidden agendas and new approaches
9479:
9229:Будет ли русский в числе мировых языков в будущем?
7463:
7011:. United Kingdom: Lexington Books. (p.2)
6853:"Russian Loanwords in Persian and Tajiki Language"
5982:"Article 16. Legal code of Gagauzia (Gagauz-Yeri)"
5915:
5913:
9829:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
9364:журнал "Демоскоп". Русский язык — советский язык?
8623:Christer Kiselman (2008). Andrzej Pelczar (ed.).
8622:
8464:
8173:. Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting.
5953:
5598:of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's
4499:Orthographic, current language, several editions
17581:
17148:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
9793:О словарном составе языка Великорусского народа.
9286:Все меньше школьников обучаются на русском языке
8822:
8820:
8736:
7781:"New education law becomes effective in Ukraine"
4539:
4027:Russian is notable for its distinction based on
1204:-Urdu, Spanish, French, Arabic, and Portuguese.
9588:
9219:
8521:
7670:Constitutional Court of the Republic of Moldova
7233:
7231:
7229:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7221:
7039:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7031:
7029:
7007:Nakhimovsky, A. D. (2019).
6994:Nakhimovsky, A. D. (2019).
6953:The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language
6696:
5919:
5910:
5889:
1808:International Fund for Agricultural Development
1738:
9569:
9133:
9131:
8298:Алексей Голубович, Forbes Russia, 9 March 2017
6419:
6189:
4449:Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language
2963:Older letters of the Russian alphabet include
1863:International Organization for Standardization
16284:
14861:
14638:
12349:
12231:
12103:
11955:
11452:
10509:
10328:
10304:
9897:
9823:Yanushevskaya, Irena; Bunčić, Daniel (2015).
9674:
9482:The Russian Language in the Twentieth Century
8817:
7735:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru. 8 November 2011.
7294:
7292:
7290:
7288:
7106:
6625:communication on issues of global importance.
5634:
5124:in the world and total population in Russia.
4952:
4928:
4904:
4880:
4856:
4832:
4808:
4784:
4754:
4684:
4674:
4664:
4654:
4644:
4587:from the 11th to 17th centuries, followed by
4579:(17th century or 18th century to the present)
4470:Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language (
4182:
3472:
3458:
3444:
3434:
3424:
3414:
3404:
3394:
3384:
3374:
3364:
3354:
3344:
3334:
3324:
3314:
3304:
3294:
3284:
3274:
3269:) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark
3264:
3155:
3145:
3124:
3121:, which later were graphically reshaped into
3086:
3062:
3038:
3014:
2976:
2946:
2932:
2918:
2904:
2890:
2876:
2862:
2848:
2834:
2820:
2806:
2790:
2776:
2762:
2748:
2734:
2720:
2706:
2692:
2678:
2664:
2650:
2634:
2620:
2606:
2592:
2578:
2564:
2550:
2536:
2522:
2508:
2494:
2381:(mainly nouns and verbs) borrowed from German
2223:
2142:
1536:its usage enjoys equal status to that of the
1163:Geographical distribution of Russian speakers
1119:
977:
971:
43:
9675:Trofimov, Michael V.; Jones, Daniel (1923).
8997:
8995:
7751:
7218:
7026:
6850:
4324:In terms of actual grammar, there are three
2405:and Norwegian traders in the Pomor trade in
343:(as inter-ethnic language despite having no
12245:
12117:
9875:Language regulator of the Russian language
9128:
7587:
7188:
7186:
6946:
6500:
6498:
5606:and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three
4277:has occurred. Russian grammar encompasses:
4209:after soft ones. These vowels have several
2122:, with Moscow lying in the Central region.
1491:, Russian has no official status, but is a
16291:
16277:
14868:
14854:
14645:
14631:
12571:
12356:
12342:
12238:
12224:
12110:
12096:
11962:
11948:
11459:
11445:
10516:
10502:
10335:
10321:
9904:
9890:
9618:
9025:
9023:
8625:"Esperanto: its origins and early history"
8168:
7285:
7184:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7176:
7174:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7166:
7133:
6666:
6540:"The World's Most Widely Spoken Languages"
5109:Ministry of Education and Science (Russia)
3162:originally indicated the pronunciation of
1571:, Russian lost its status as the official
1156:
9840:
9570:Spolsky, Bernard; Shohamy, Elana (1999).
9478:; Stone, Gerald; Polinsky, Maria (1996).
9085:
8992:
8616:
8263:Русский язык в Монголии стал обязательным
8132:
8130:
8065:
6388:
6359:, 1977: Section II, Chapter 6, Article 36
5820:
5795:
5789:
4899:At times, on top of the threadbare roof,
1778:International Civil Aviation Organization
1749:List of official languages by institution
11969:
9866:National Corpus of the Russian Language
9004:The structure and development of Russian
9001:
7512:
6738:
6495:
6471:"The 10 Most Spoken Languages in Europe"
6238:我国已正式使用和经国家批准推行的少数民族文字有19种，它们是...俄罗斯文...
6109:
6107:
6004:
5974:
5592:under dispute between Russia and Ukraine
5558:"Uzbekistan: Law "On Official Language""
4593:
4347:
4176:
4031:of most of its consonants. The phoneme /
3233:History of computing in the Soviet Union
2488:values for each letter's typical sound:
2472:in 1574 in Lviv. This page features the
2459:
2401:grammar, used for communication between
2049: 12. Northern Russian dialect with
1919:
1788:World Intellectual Property Organization
1274:
1251:
1239:
1232:) (green — Belarusian, blue — Russian) (
1219:
1174:
1166:
910:official languages of the United Nations
16298:
15521:Collective Security Treaty Organization
14652:
11466:
9422:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
9109:Меньше россиян — меньше русскоговорящих
9020:
8976:Development of Tense and Aspect Systems
8850:
8744:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
8657:
8169:Bekmurzaev, Nurbek (28 February 2019).
7604:
7588:Labalaukytė, Rūta (26 September 2018).
7163:
6394:
6316:
6030:
5729:
5447:List of English words of Russian origin
4827:As it swirls heaps of snow in the air.
2218:is pronounced , not ) – this is called
1853:Collective Security Treaty Organization
1248:(according to the 2000 Estonian census)
17582:
16317:Index of Soviet Union–related articles
12363:
11357:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony
9846:, with supplementary sound recordings.
9574:. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
9528:
9029:
8856:
8706:Caloni, Wanderley (15 February 2007).
8705:
8227:
8177:from the original on 20 September 2022
8127:
7877:Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України
7721:from the original on 21 November 2023.
7699:from the original on 21 November 2023.
7547:from the original on 21 November 2023.
7525:from the original on 21 November 2023.
6431:
5759:
4465:Current language with some archaisms.
2270:Comparison with other Slavic languages
16272:
15079:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
14849:
14626:
13511:
12570:
12337:
12219:
12091:
11943:
11440:
10497:
10316:
10303:
9885:
9643:from the original on 7 September 2014
8687:from the original on 12 November 2017
8663:
8567:from the original on 12 February 2012
8561:"The Language of the Russian Village"
8535:"The Language of the Russian Village"
7971:from the original on 27 December 2023
7903:"Кому варто боятися закону про мову?"
7769:from the original on 25 October 2016.
7686:
7676:from the original on 22 October 2021.
7600:from the original on 19 October 2023.
7476:from the original on 10 January 2022.
7249:from the original on 23 October 2016.
7088:from the original on 26 December 2018
6942:
6940:
6938:
6708:
6451:from the original on 23 February 2021
6104:
6082:"Romania : Languages of Romania"
6038:"КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ЮЖНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ"
5949:
5947:
5920:Шухрат Хуррамов (11 September 2015).
5868:from the original on 24 February 2021
5706:
5704:
5674:, which is sometimes classified as a
5649:
5503:from the original on 18 February 2014
5386:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
5355:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4959:
4937:[ˈtoˈkakˈputʲnʲɪɡzəpɐˈzdaɫɨj]
4935:
4911:
4887:
4863:
4839:
4815:
4803:The storm covers the sky with a haze
4791:
4763:
3520:
1793:International Telecommunication Union
1630:Russian language in the United States
1121:современный русский литературный язык
931:; it distinguishes between consonant
785:(varieties: 53-AAA-eaa to 53-AAA-eat)
56:
17605:Languages written in Cyrillic script
17468:
16218:Unified Sports Classification System
10523:
10342:
9911:
9453:
9401:from the original on 7 December 2023
9321:from the original on 1 February 2014
9086:Madeleine, Meyer (8 December 2021).
8632:Prace Komisji Spraw Europejskich PAU
8254:
8209:from the original on 29 January 2017
8115:from the original on 28 October 2023
8040:
7739:from the original on 18 October 2014
7687:Tanas, Alexander (21 January 2021).
7494:from the original on 5 December 2023
7444:from the original on 23 January 2019
7440:. Deutsche Welle. 8 September 2018.
7338:from the original on 2 February 2023
7302:. The World Factbook. Archived from
6977:from the original on 22 January 2024
6910:
6350:
6319:Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas
6228:from the original on 28 October 2022
6177:from the original on 29 January 2021
6092:from the original on 31 January 2013
5922:"Почему русский язык нужен узбекам?"
5885:
5883:
5858:"КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН"
5621:Abkhazia and South Ossetia are only
5480:On the history of using "русский" ("
4226:
2293:
1926:
1316:— 89.0%, for Poles — 52.4%, and for
1006:, which was a loose conglomerate of
14875:
13512:
9747:РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК НА РУБЕЖЕ XX-XXI ВЕКОВ
9736:Русский язык на рубеже XX-XXI веков
9419:
9343:Русский язык на рубеже XX-XXI веков
9314:Русский Язык На Рубеже Xx-Ххi Веков
9254:
9225:
9196:
9167:
9105:
8796:from the original on 4 January 2024
8769:
8465:Matthias Gelbmann (19 March 2013).
8376:from the original on 7 January 2014
8372:. languagehat.com. 1 January 2009.
8189:
7939:from the original on 24 August 2023
7610:
7565:. 27 September 2013. Archived from
7273:from the original on 4 October 2020
6680:"Most similar languages to Russian"
6265:from the original on 4 January 2024
5828:"Официальный сайт Правительства КР"
5116:"). In the countries of the former
4889:[ˈtopɐˈkrovlʲɪɐbvʲɪtˈʂaɫəj]
4817:[ˈvʲixrʲɪˈsʲnʲɛʐnɨɪkrʊˈtʲa]
4793:[ˈburʲəˈmɡɫojuˈnʲɛbəˈkroɪt]
4039:and some other neologisms contain /
1886:mission, which first flew in 1975.
1868:International Mathematical Olympiad
1099:
13:
15516:Commonwealth of Independent States
9864:Национальный корпус русского языка
9815:
9533:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, Inc.
9507:Russian: A Linguistic Introduction
9432:from the original on 16 March 2021
9293:from the original on 5 August 2014
8838:from the original on 13 March 2020
8477:from the original on 12 April 2013
8442:from the original on 26 April 2014
8426:
8228:Brooke, James (15 February 2005).
7853:from the original on 31 March 2019
7821:from the original on 24 March 2022
7654:from the original on 4 April 2023.
7645:Oficialiosios statistikos portalas
7635:Statistics Lithuania census 2011:
7513:Sheremet, Anhelina (13 May 2022).
7418:from the original on 15 April 2012
7147:. 28 November 2008. Archived from
7121:from the original on 5 August 2014
7077:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
7051:from the original on 5 August 2014
6935:
6894:pp 219 Multilingual Matters, 1998
6648:from the original on 27 April 2024
6584:from the original on 26 April 2014
6568:
6409:from the original on 8 March 2013.
6341:
5944:
5701:
4865:[ˈtozɐˈpɫatɕɪt,kaɡdʲɪˈtʲa]
4694:
4530:Number of entries in the category
3180:
1833:Commonwealth of Independent States
1768:International Atomic Energy Agency
1244:Percentage of Russian speakers in
849:, and is still commonly used as a
14:
17636:
9851:
9691:(2nd ed.). Oxford, England:
9486:(2nd ed.). Oxford, England:
9375:from the original on 2 April 2013
9265:from the original on 8 March 2013
9207:from the original on 8 March 2013
9149:from the original on 5 April 2013
9116:from the original on 8 March 2013
8893:What types of dictionaries exist?
8718:from the original on 1 March 2012
8350:from the original on 12 July 2019
8315:from the original on 11 July 2019
8242:from the original on 14 June 2011
7791:from the original on 27 June 2018
7334:(in Estonian). 12 December 2022.
7107:Арефьев А. Л. (31 October 2013).
6686:from the original on 25 May 2017.
6614:from the original on 13 July 2021
6546:. Cleveland, Ohio. Archived from
6516:from the original on 28 June 2019
6298:from the original on 19 July 2010
6014:. 18 January 2009. Archived from
5962:from the original on 23 June 2016
5880:
5796:Nazarbaev, N. (4 December 2005).
4961:[ˈknamvɐˈkoʂkəzəstʊˈtɕit]
4947:And then, like a late traveller,
4913:[ˈvdruksɐˈɫoməjzəʂʊˈmʲit]
4851:At times, it howls like a beast,
4841:[ˈtokaɡzvʲerʲɐˈnazɐˈvoɪt]
4606:book known, one of many medieval
4273:structure, although considerable
4165:
4149:
4140:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4007:
4000:
3978:
3967:
3960:
3941:
3932:
3921:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3871:
3864:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3794:
3784:
3776:
3758:
3751:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3703:
3696:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
2424:, a heavily russified variety of
1843:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1803:Food and Agriculture Organization
1798:World Meteorological Organization
1512:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
985:
17562:
17545:
17528:
17511:
17494:
17477:
17440:
17439:
17427:
12001:
11929:Mass media by language of Russia
11924:Knowledge in languages of Russia
10188:Solombala English–Russian Pidgin
9470:. Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Press.
9413:
9387:
9355:
9305:
9277:
9248:
9236:from the original on 12 May 2013
9190:
9178:from the original on 11 May 2013
9161:
9079:
9057:
9036:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 3.
8968:
8939:
8909:
8885:
8808:
8778:
8763:
8730:
8699:
8597:
8588:
8579:
8553:
8541:from the original on 7 June 2012
8527:
8489:
8458:
8420:
8388:
8362:
8336:
8327:
8301:
8057:
7913:from the original on 18 May 2019
6923:from the original on 27 May 2014
6863:from the original on 30 May 2016
6483:from the original on 2 June 2021
6376:from the original on 18 May 2010
6151:from the original on 7 June 2012
6125:from the original on 22 May 2012
6012:"Конституция Республики Абхазия"
5992:from the original on 13 May 2013
5932:from the original on 1 July 2016
5898:from the original on 13 May 2016
5747:from the original on 6 June 2013
5721:
5536:from the original on 18 May 2013
5431:
5417:
5403:
4728:Problems playing this file? See
4710:
4567:(until the 14th or 15th century)
4230:
2490:
2360:, a slang language developed by
1623:
1116:modern Russian literary language
914:fourth most widely used language
869:, and to a lesser extent in the
656:
644:
632:
620:
608:
596:
584:
500:
472:
456:
440:
406:
392:
366:
352:
332:
299:
283:
266:
250:
234:
95:: 150 million (2020 census)
9689:A Comprehensive Russian Grammar
9687:(2000). Holman, Michael (ed.).
9174:(in Russian). Socioprognoz.ru.
8282:
8221:
8162:
8097:
8011:
7991:"Europeans and their Languages"
7983:
7951:
7925:
7895:
7883:from the original on 2 May 2020
7865:
7846:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
7833:
7803:
7773:
7725:
7703:
7680:
7658:
7629:
7581:
7551:
7529:
7506:
7480:
7456:
7430:
7404:
7378:
7350:
7318:
7253:
7014:
7001:
6988:
6904:
6881:Colin Baker, Sylvia Prys Jones
6875:
6844:
6832:from the original on 5 May 2015
6807:
6795:from the original on 5 May 2015
6775:
6732:
6702:
6672:
6630:
6600:
6562:
6532:
6463:
6437:
6362:
6310:
6280:
6243:
6209:
6163:
6137:
6074:
5664:
5628:
5576:
5564:from the original on 8 May 2019
5452:List of Russian language topics
4546:History of the Russian language
4532:Русский язык (Russian language)
2133:typically pronounce unstressed
2110:language into three groupings,
1818:International Olympic Committee
1719:, the overwhelming majority of
1717:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1381:Constitutional Court of Moldova
1128:and developed from the Moscow (
11722:Languages with official status
11217:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
10167:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
9987:Romanization (transliteration)
9622:A Reference Grammar of Russian
8499:. Linguasphere Press. Pg. 442.
6913:"Language Learning Difficulty"
5850:
5623:partially recognized countries
5548:
5474:
5347:
5036:3: 12–18, 1997, ISSN 1369-9733
4552:Reforms of Russian orthography
3248:
3245:models were produced in 1951.
1:
17625:Subject–verb–object languages
16980:Political abuse of psychiatry
16772:Congress of People's Deputies
15426:Political abuse of psychiatry
8695:– via lojban.github.io.
8594:Sussex & Cubberley, p. 3.
7909:(in Ukrainian). 16 May 2019.
5773:. 11 May 1998. Archived from
5689:
4875:And then cries like a child;
4602:of 1056 is the second oldest
4540:History and literary language
4343:
3510:
2137:clearly, a phenomenon called
1092:, Russian is classified as a
923:Russian is written using the
804:Indo-European language family
414:Autonomous Republic of Crimea
323:as official on regional level
16071:Traditions and superstitions
11352:Slavic second palatalization
9827:. Illustrations of the IPA.
9677:The Pronunciation of Russian
9317:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
9289:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
9261:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
9232:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
9203:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
9112:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
8948:Языки мира. Славянские языки
8604:Similar languages to Russian
8202:. Government of Uzbekistan.
7047:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
6961:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20
6288:"Russian Language Institute"
5864:. Parliament of Tajikistan.
5694:
4987:only in 1990. Following the
4930:То, как пу́тник запозда́лый,
4834:То, как зверь, она́ заво́ет,
4410:Academic dictionary, III Ed.
4205:) after hard consonants and
3488:
3226:
3197:('frost') is transliterated
2350:and is characterized by its
1858:Antarctic Treaty Secretariat
1813:International Criminal Court
1739:As an international language
1442:Russia's full-scale invasion
1224:Languages spoken at home in
1014:, its closest relatives are
19:Not to be confused with the
7:
17615:Culture of the Soviet Union
17143:Academy of Medical Sciences
15737:Water supply and sanitation
11347:Slavic first palatalization
10080:Science fiction and fantasy
9145:(in Russian). 23 May 2012.
8522:Sussex & Cubberley 2006
8035:Central Intelligence Agency
7563:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
6697:Sussex & Cubberley 2006
6395:Арефьев, Александр (2006).
5641:
5555:other acceptable language"
5396:
5130:(assessment Aref'eva 2012)
4971:It knocks upon our window.
4923:It suddenly rustles straw,
4765:[ˈzʲimnʲɪjˈvʲetɕɪr]
3131:and merged phonetically to
2480:Russian is written using a
2445:
2129:and those spoken along the
1901:
1876:International Space Station
1848:Eurasian Economic Community
1200:, after English, Mandarin,
1034:in Belarus. An East Slavic
906:International Space Station
431:Partially recognized states
100:: 110 million (2020 census)
10:
17641:
10274:Russian Language Institute
9873:Russian Language Institute
9627:Cambridge University Press
9602:Cambridge University Press
9592:; Cubberley, Paul (2006).
9448:
8432:"My Long Mission in Space"
8197:"Law on Official Language"
8143:. UN Stats. Archived from
6574:"My Long Mission in Space"
6544:Saint Ignatius High School
6420:Spolsky & Shohamy 1999
5958:. Неприкосновенный запас.
5954:Евгений Абдуллаев (2009).
5600:cities with special status
5029:G. Weber, "Top Languages",
4954:К нам в око́шко застучи́т.
4847:To, kak zveŕ, oná zavójet,
4786:Бу́ря мгло́ю не́бо кро́ет,
4549:
4543:
4396:Academic dictionary, II Ed
4382:Academic dictionary, I Ed.
4220:
4216:
4183:Trofimov & Jones (1923
3507:(C)(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)(C)
3492:
3252:
3230:
3184:
3115:
3105:
3077:
3053:
3029:
3005:
2995:
2967:
2449:
2197:, instances of unstressed
1905:
1742:
1627:
1604:Russian language in Israel
1561:Constitution of Tajikistan
1550:Constitution of Kyrgyzstan
1534:Constitution of Kazakhstan
1160:
1103:
1086:Defense Language Institute
825:. Russian has remained an
25:
18:
17421:
17365:
17339:
17259:
17182:
17173:
17118:
17025:
16988:
16928:
16831:
16793:
16713:
16575:
16566:
16516:
16464:
16455:
16307:
16237:
15994:
15758:
15749:
15582:
15573:
15326:
15317:
15125:
15116:
15051:
14893:
14884:
14833:
14772:
14704:
14676:
14660:
14594:
14567:Southern (Shanghai) Sign
14552:
14481:
14425:
14229:
14167:
14120:
14077:
14039:
13924:
13846:
13837:
13769:
13732:
13619:
13610:
13522:
13518:
13507:
13448:
13350:
13232:
13158:
13005:
12887:
12699:
12690:
12642:
12594:
12583:
12579:
12566:
12559:
12539:
12446:
12394:
12387:
12371:
12315:
12274:
12253:
12197:
12146:
12125:
12069:
12018:
11996:
11977:
11913:
11871:
11721:
11490:
11474:
11420:
11337:
11284:
11193:
11147:
11139:Slavic dialects of Greece
11075:
11040:
11029:
10995:
10893:
10818:
10809:
10748:
10730:
10707:
10698:
10599:
10531:
10453:
10432:
10401:
10350:
10310:
10305:Links to related articles
10261:
10206:
10147:
10088:
10060:
10015:
9957:
9919:
9842:10.1017/S0025100314000395
9619:Timberlake, Alan (2004).
8871:10.1080/00806760802494232
8757:10.1109/MAHC.2023.3326668
7080:(21st ed.). Dallas:
6753:10.1017/S0041977X00111954
6372:. Gallup. 1 August 2008.
5635:
5604:federal subject of Russia
5087:CIA World Factbook (2005)
5003:has since been reversed.
4953:
4943:To, kak pútnik zapozdályj
4929:
4905:
4882:То по кро́вле обветша́лой
4881:
4857:
4833:
4809:
4799:Búrja mglóju nébo krójet,
4785:
4755:
4685:
4675:
4665:
4655:
4645:
4618:The political reforms of
4479:1991 (2nd ed.)
4262:Russian has preserved an
4078:
3990:
3950:
3808:
3766:
3651:
3606:
3549:
3544:
3537:
3527:
3522:
3473:
3459:
3445:
3435:
3425:
3415:
3405:
3395:
3385:
3375:
3365:
3355:
3345:
3335:
3333:– "this is marvellous"),
3325:
3315:
3305:
3295:
3285:
3275:
3265:
3202:
3192:
3156:
3146:
3125:
3087:
3063:
3039:
3015:
2977:
2947:
2933:
2919:
2905:
2891:
2877:
2863:
2849:
2835:
2821:
2807:
2791:
2777:
2763:
2749:
2735:
2721:
2707:
2693:
2679:
2665:
2651:
2635:
2621:
2607:
2593:
2579:
2565:
2551:
2537:
2523:
2509:
2495:
2224:
2210:
2195:Southern Russian dialects
2143:
2127:Northern Russian dialects
1924:Russian dialects in 1915
1773:World Health Organization
1504:small Russian communities
1336:constitutional referendum
1215:
1130:Middle or Central Russian
1120:
978:
972:
774:
758:
742:
726:
708:
690:
685:
673:
566:
382:Left Bank of the Dniester
217:Official language in
215:
210:
185:
150:
104:
86:
72:
58:[ˈruskʲɪi̯jɪˈzɨk]
52:
44:
42:
37:
15511:Prime Minister of Russia
10148:Pidgins, creoles, cants
9529:Isurin, Ludmila (2011).
9466:Carleton, T. R. (1991).
9363:
9313:
9285:
9257:
9228:
9199:
9170:
9108:
9002:Matthews, W. K. (2013).
8609:25 February 2021 at the
8495:David Dalby. 1999–2000.
8262:
7596:. Outsourcing&More.
6715:"Russian Language"
6699:, pp. 477–478, 480.
6397:
5890:Юрий Подпоренко (2001).
5651:[ˈruskʲɪjjɪˈzɨk]
5495:
5467:
4967:K nam v okóško zastučít.
4906:Вдруг соло́мой зашуми́т,
4858:То запла́чет, как дитя́,
4612:Russian National Library
3457:who ate the cookie?") –
3363:– "I shall learn it") –
2228:). Consonants include a
1725:Brighton Beach, Brooklyn
1279:Percentage of people in
998:. It is a descendant of
17434:Soviet Union portal
15949:Social entrepreneurship
15838:Forced public apologies
15773:Anti-American sentiment
14564:Northern (Beijing) Sign
12247:Languages of Kyrgyzstan
12119:Languages of Kazakhstan
9798:30 January 2008 at the
9752:1 February 2014 at the
9551:Shohamy, Elana (2006).
9488:Oxford University Press
9030:Flaitz, Jeffra (1988).
8899:17 January 2012 at the
8023:4 February 2021 at the
6725:Encyclopædia Britannica
6275:...属于印欧语系的是属斯拉夫语族的俄语...
5082:5–6 (tied with Arabic)
4895:To po króvle obvetšáloj
4871:To zapláčet, kak ditjá,
4810:Ви́хри сне́жные крутя́;
4608:illuminated manuscripts
4193:, and in some analyses
4181:Russian vowel chart by
3187:Romanization of Russian
3011:, which both merged to
2354:nouns and Russian verbs
2310:, brought by relocated
1471:
1297:Constitution of Belarus
1157:Geographic distribution
1030:in eastern Ukraine and
17620:Stress-timed languages
17326:Stalinist architecture
17080:Science and technology
16990:Ideological repression
16918:Soviet Airborne Forces
16856:Destruction battalions
15697:Social security system
15680:Science and technology
15346:Classified information
15172:Central Russian Upland
12573:Sino-Tibetan languages
10279:Russkiy Mir Foundation
9997:Computer Russification
9658:The Slavonic languages
9505:Cubberley, P. (2002).
8000:. 2006. Archived from
7907:Портал мовної політики
5484:") and "российский" ("
5462:Computer Russification
5394:
5382:
5364:
4919:Vdrug solómoj zašumít,
4823:Víhri snéžnyje krutjá,
4699:
4615:
4359:
4186:
3403:, "scandal, affair"),
2477:
2280:mutual intelligibility
2102:
1823:Universal Postal Union
1455:refugees living abroad
1415:gives priority to the
1370:2011 Lithuanian census
1340:instruction in Russian
1301:2019 Belarusian census
1288:
1272:
1249:
1237:
1230:2009 Belarusian census
1209:six official languages
1207:Russian is one of the
1180:
1172:
1154:
940:secondary articulation
81:Russian-speaking world
17595:East Slavic languages
17108:List of metro systems
16661:Collective leadership
16158:Russian tsars regalia
15491:Intelligence agencies
15214:Great Russian Regions
14958:Expansion (1500-1800)
12323:Russian Sign Language
12205:Russian Sign Language
12077:Russian Sign Language
11270:Taimyr Pidgin Russian
9729:5 August 2014 at the
9555:. London: Routledge.
8346:. 20 September 2016.
8333:Awde and Sarwan, 2003
8294:13 March 2017 at the
7849:. 24 September 2017.
7817:. 27 September 2017.
7543:. 28 September 2023.
7490:. 29 September 2022.
6890:20 March 2018 at the
6851:Iraj Bashiri (1990).
6510:University of Toronto
6479:. 12 September 2019.
6070:on 21 September 2016.
5519:Acta Slavica Iaponica
5390:
5376:
5360:
4698:
4686:Алекса́ндр Грибое́дов
4681:Aleksander Griboyedov
4597:
4351:
4180:
3383:– "to be cutting") –
3373:– "I recognize it"),
3353:– "fine young man"),
3185:Further information:
2463:
2432:Taimyr Pidgin Russian
1923:
1510:and the northwestern
1421:public administration
1393:2010 census in Russia
1285:2001 Ukrainian census
1278:
1255:
1243:
1223:
1178:
1170:
1149:
1002:, a language used in
962:, though an optional
79:, other areas of the
17070:Net material product
17013:Censorship of images
16930:Political repression
16890:Soviet Border Troops
16823:First Deputy Premier
16407:1965 economic reform
16402:Soviet space program
16225:World Heritage sites
15602:Droughts and famines
15155:Environmental issues
14903:Proto-Indo-Europeans
11971:Languages of Belarus
9764:5 April 2013 at the
9741:15 June 2013 at the
9693:Blackwell Publishing
9594:The Slavic languages
9348:15 June 2013 at the
8954:. pp. 448–450.
8903:from www.gramota.ru
8770:Karpava, Sviatlana.
8673:. Logical Language.
8665:Cowan, John Woldemar
8309:"Russians in Israel"
7151:on 28 September 2014
6608:"Official Languages"
6550:on 27 September 2011
6405:(in Russian) (251).
6327:Franz Steiner Verlag
6088:. 19 February 1999.
5496:РУССКИЙ – РОССИЙСКИЙ
5053:World Almanac (1999)
4989:break-up of the USSR
4749:English Translation
4490:Lopatin's dictionary
2464:A page from Azbuka (
2340:Medny Aleut language
1733:United States Census
1506:in the northeastern
1386:2014 Moldovan census
1137:Bolshevik Revolution
1090:Monterey, California
1036:Old Novgorod dialect
996:Indo-European family
992:East Slavic language
896:. It is the world's
796:East Slavic language
16:East Slavic language
17600:Languages of Russia
17138:Academy of Sciences
16953:Population transfer
16897:Soviet Armed Forces
16760:Congress of Soviets
16741:Presidium/Politburo
16705:Soviet anti-Zionism
16554:West Siberian Plain
16432:Revolutions of 1989
16369:Great Patriotic War
16354:New Economic Policy
16076:Forms of addressing
15685:Academy of Sciences
15642:Financial districts
15506:President of Russia
15431:Political divisions
15391:Freedom of assembly
15273:West Siberian Plain
15019:Great Patriotic War
14980:February Revolution
14654:Languages of Israel
14607:NM = Inner Mongolia
11919:Languages of Russia
11493:of federal subjects
11468:Languages of Russia
11296:Pan-Slavic language
11095:Burgenland Croatian
10975:Marcho-Magdeburgian
10572:Old Church Slavonic
10177:Padonkaffsky jargon
10150:and mixed languages
9929:Old Church Slavonic
9776:12 May 2013 at the
8917:"{section.caption}"
8792:. 27 January 2020.
8524:, pp. 521–526.
7470:The Daily Telegraph
6710:Minns, Ellis Hovell
6201:21 May 2011 at the
5838:on 22 December 2012
5596:autonomous republic
5586:and of the city of
5425:Soviet Union portal
5152:Russian Federation,
5131:
5008:
3517:
3516:Consonant phonemes
3323:– "this is odd") –
3255:Russian orthography
2358:Padonkaffsky jargon
2346:that was spoken on
1753:Internet in Russian
568:Recognised minority
158:Proto-Indo-European
16783:Military Collegium
16651:Capital punishment
16529:Caucasus Mountains
16442:Post-Soviet states
16322:Russian Revolution
16126:Russian given name
15712:Telecommunications
15662:Petroleum industry
15526:State of emergency
15371:Far-right politics
15336:Capital punishment
15182:Meshchera Lowlands
15036:Russian Federation
14992:October Revolution
14144:Formosan languages
12365:Languages of China
12275:Minority languages
12147:Minority languages
12126:Official languages
12019:Minority languages
11978:Official languages
11382:Illič-Svityč's law
11362:Monophthongization
10870:Camaldolese Slovak
10683:Canadian Ukrainian
10549:Up to Proto-Slavic
10542:Proto-Balto-Slavic
9858:Russian Enthusiast
9476:Comrie, Bernard S.
9171:Сведения об авторе
9069:8 May 2016 at the
8927:on 12 January 2012
8235:The New York Times
8030:The World Factbook
7672:. 1 January 2021.
7366:. 13 December 2022
6610:. United Nations.
6255:"中国语言文字概况（2021年版）"
6253:(27 August 2021).
6018:on 18 January 2009
5894:. Дружба Народов.
5808:on 20 October 2007
5127:
5006:
4700:
4666:Михаи́л Ле́рмонтов
4651:Russian literature
4646:Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин
4630:'s (Лев Толсто́й)
4616:
4360:
4242:. You can help by
4187:
4075:, "the letter Б".
3515:
3343:– "well done!") –
3303:– "worthwhile") –
3217:character encoding
3083:, which merged to
3059:, which merged to
3035:, which merged to
2973:, which merged to
2478:
2375:macaronic language
2103:
2003:Southern dialects
1930:Northern dialects
1645:Nikolaevsk, Alaska
1417:Ukrainian language
1289:
1273:
1260:(according to the
1250:
1238:
1228:(according to the
1181:
1173:
1094:level III language
900:, and the world's
888:, the most spoken
831:Russian Federation
225:5 UN member states
163:Proto-Balto-Slavic
17459:
17458:
17453:
17452:
17417:
17416:
17409:Hammer and sickle
17351:and their groups
17349:Soviet dissidents
17128:Communist Academy
17045:Economic planning
17021:
17020:
16914:Soviet Air Forces
16833:Security services
16753:General Secretary
16736:Central Committee
16678:Political parties
16610:Brezhnev Doctrine
16605:Foreign relations
16562:
16561:
16503:Autonomous okrugs
16417:Soviet–Afghan War
16397:Sino-Soviet split
16339:Russian Civil War
16266:
16265:
16233:
16232:
15813:Domestic violence
15745:
15744:
15667:Russian oligarchs
15592:Aircraft industry
15569:
15568:
15546:Mass surveillance
15536:Search and rescue
15501:Political parties
15381:Foreign relations
15313:
15312:
15112:
15111:
15104:Historical cities
14963:Tsardom of Russia
14843:
14842:
14620:
14619:
14163:
14162:
14159:
14158:
14155:
14154:
14148:
14140:
14132:
14035:
14034:
13765:
13764:
13503:
13502:
13499:
13498:
13228:
13227:
13224:
13223:
12555:
12554:
12331:
12330:
12254:Official language
12213:
12212:
12085:
12084:
11937:
11936:
11905:
11860:Southern Yukaghir
11853:Northern Yukaghir
11530:
11523:
11434:
11433:
11427:extinct languages
11258:Solombala English
11189:
11188:
11112:Prekmurje Slovene
11025:
11024:
10805:
10804:
10659:Doukhobor Russian
10582:Glagolitic script
10491:
10490:
10394:
10382:
10370:
10297:
10296:
9812:
9811:
9702:978-0-631-20757-3
9667:978-0-415-04755-5
9636:978-0-521-77292-1
9611:978-0-521-22315-7
9516:978-0-521-79641-5
9497:978-0-19-824066-2
9420:Nations, United.
9043:978-3-110-11549-9
8961:978-5-87444-216-3
8270:on 9 October 2008
8055:(21st ed., 2018)
7717:. 31 March 2017.
7569:on 6 January 2021
7082:SIL International
6970:978-1-349-67307-0
6911:Thompson, Irene.
6119:Council of Europe
6044:on 11 August 2009
5988:. 5 August 2008.
5719:(26th ed., 2023)
5384:Article 1 of the
5370:of the text into
5352:Article 1 of the
5345:
5344:
5101:
5100:
4985:official language
4975:
4974:
4715:
4661:Mikhail Lermontov
4641:Alexander Pushkin
4610:preserved in the
4537:
4536:
4260:
4259:
4175:
4174:
4053:/t,d,ts,s,z,n,rʲ/
4025:
4024:
3882:
3816:
3714:
3659:
3602:
3595:
3590:
3583:
3578:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3495:Russian phonology
3479:Ty syel pechénye?
3474:Ты съел пече́нье?
3465:Ty syél pechenye?
3460:Ты съе́л печенье?
3451:Tý syel pechenye?
3446:Ты́ съел печенье?
2961:
2960:
2294:Derived languages
2282:between Russian,
2118:(or Middle), and
2100:
2099:
1983:Central dialects
1636:Russian explorers
1408:new education law
1391:According to the
1192:, Australia, and
1084:According to the
912:, as well as the
908:, one of the six
827:official language
819:official language
798:belonging to the
789:
788:
675:Regulated by
484:
468:
452:
418:
386:
378:
348:
311:
295:
278:
262:
246:
17632:
17590:Russian language
17575:
17567:
17566:
17565:
17558:
17550:
17549:
17548:
17541:
17533:
17532:
17531:
17524:
17516:
17515:
17514:
17507:
17499:
17498:
17497:
17490:
17482:
17481:
17480:
17470:
17464:Russian language
17443:
17442:
17432:
17431:
17430:
17180:
17179:
17088:
16943:Collectivization
16688:Marxism–Leninism
16573:
16572:
16462:
16461:
16293:
16286:
16279:
16270:
16269:
16246:
16193:Russian language
16136:National symbols
15756:
15755:
15675:
15632:Fishing industry
15622:Economic regions
15617:Defence industry
15580:
15579:
15324:
15323:
15278:Russian Far East
15177:Northwest Russia
15135:Cities and towns
15123:
15122:
14985:Russian Republic
14891:
14890:
14870:
14863:
14856:
14847:
14846:
14837:Jewish languages
14820:Levantine Arabic
14647:
14640:
14633:
14624:
14623:
14576:
14146:
14138:
14130:
13844:
13843:
13617:
13616:
13520:
13519:
13509:
13508:
12697:
12696:
12592:
12591:
12581:
12580:
12568:
12567:
12564:
12563:
12392:
12391:
12379:Standard Chinese
12358:
12351:
12344:
12335:
12334:
12240:
12233:
12226:
12217:
12216:
12112:
12105:
12098:
12089:
12088:
12011:
12006:
12005:
12004:
11964:
11957:
11950:
11941:
11940:
11897:
11894:Mongolian script
11884:Cyrillic Braille
11862:
11855:
11826:
11819:
11812:
11805:
11786:
11779:
11772:
11657:
11650:
11636:
11629:
11526:
11519:
11475:Federal language
11461:
11454:
11447:
11438:
11437:
11328:Slavonic-Serbian
11179:Cieszyn Silesian
11050:Carpathian Rusyn
11038:
11037:
10816:
10815:
10705:
10704:
10590:Modern languages
10525:Slavic languages
10518:
10511:
10504:
10495:
10494:
10388:
10376:
10360:
10344:Russian dialects
10337:
10330:
10323:
10314:
10313:
10301:
10300:
9913:Russian language
9906:
9899:
9892:
9883:
9882:
9878:
9869:
9845:
9844:
9706:
9680:
9671:
9652:
9650:
9648:
9625:. New York, NY:
9615:
9585:
9566:
9544:
9520:
9501:
9485:
9471:
9454:
9442:
9441:
9439:
9437:
9417:
9411:
9410:
9408:
9406:
9391:
9385:
9384:
9382:
9380:
9359:
9353:
9340:
9331:
9330:
9328:
9326:
9309:
9303:
9302:
9300:
9298:
9281:
9275:
9274:
9272:
9270:
9252:
9246:
9245:
9243:
9241:
9223:
9217:
9216:
9214:
9212:
9194:
9188:
9187:
9185:
9183:
9165:
9159:
9158:
9156:
9154:
9135:
9126:
9125:
9123:
9121:
9103:
9092:
9091:
9083:
9077:
9076:
9061:
9055:
9054:
9052:
9050:
9027:
9018:
9017:
8999:
8990:
8989:
8972:
8966:
8965:
8943:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8932:
8923:. Archived from
8921:yarus.asu.edu.ru
8913:
8907:
8906:
8889:
8883:
8882:
8854:
8848:
8847:
8845:
8843:
8824:
8815:
8812:
8806:
8805:
8803:
8801:
8782:
8776:
8775:
8767:
8761:
8760:
8734:
8728:
8727:
8725:
8723:
8712:The Code Project
8703:
8697:
8696:
8694:
8692:
8661:
8655:
8654:
8652:
8650:
8644:
8629:
8620:
8614:
8601:
8595:
8592:
8586:
8583:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8572:
8557:
8551:
8550:
8548:
8546:
8531:
8525:
8519:
8500:
8493:
8487:
8486:
8484:
8482:
8462:
8456:
8455:
8449:
8447:
8424:
8418:
8417:
8415:
8413:
8407:
8401:. Archived from
8400:
8392:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8381:
8366:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8355:
8340:
8334:
8331:
8325:
8324:
8322:
8320:
8305:
8299:
8286:
8280:
8279:
8277:
8275:
8258:
8252:
8251:
8249:
8247:
8225:
8219:
8218:
8216:
8214:
8208:
8201:
8193:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8182:
8166:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8155:
8149:
8142:
8134:
8125:
8124:
8122:
8120:
8101:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8090:
8084:
8077:
8069:
8063:
8062:
8061:
8044:
8038:
8015:
8009:
8008:
8006:
7995:
7987:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7976:
7970:
7963:
7955:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7944:
7935:(in Ukrainian).
7929:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7918:
7899:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7888:
7869:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7858:
7837:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7826:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7796:
7777:
7771:
7770:
7755:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7744:
7729:
7723:
7722:
7707:
7701:
7700:
7684:
7678:
7677:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7642:
7633:
7627:
7626:
7625:on 3 April 2016.
7624:
7618:. Archived from
7617:
7608:
7602:
7601:
7594:Invest Lithuania
7585:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7555:
7549:
7548:
7533:
7527:
7526:
7510:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7499:
7484:
7478:
7477:
7472:. 3 April 2018.
7467:
7460:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7449:
7434:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7423:
7408:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7382:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7371:
7354:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7343:
7322:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7311:
7296:
7283:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7272:
7265:
7257:
7251:
7250:
7235:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7205:
7199:. Archived from
7198:
7190:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7156:
7137:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7126:
7104:
7098:
7097:
7095:
7093:
7067:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7056:
7041:
7024:
7018:
7012:
7005:
6999:
6992:
6986:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6944:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6928:
6908:
6902:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6848:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6837:
6831:
6820:
6811:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6794:
6787:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6736:
6730:
6729:
6717:
6706:
6700:
6694:
6688:
6687:
6676:
6670:
6664:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6634:
6628:
6627:
6621:
6619:
6604:
6598:
6597:
6591:
6589:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6536:
6530:
6529:
6523:
6521:
6502:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6488:
6467:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6441:
6435:
6429:
6423:
6417:
6411:
6410:
6392:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6366:
6360:
6354:
6348:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6314:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6272:
6270:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6233:
6213:
6207:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6141:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6130:
6111:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6078:
6072:
6071:
6060:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6049:
6034:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5997:
5978:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5951:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5917:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5887:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5843:
5834:. Archived from
5824:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5804:. Archived from
5793:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5771:President.gov.by
5763:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5733:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5708:
5683:
5668:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5653:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5632:
5626:
5619:
5610:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5535:
5528:
5515:Tomasz Kamusella
5512:
5510:
5508:
5478:
5441:
5436:
5435:
5427:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5413:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5150:Soviet Union and
5132:
5126:
5032:Language Monthly
5009:
5005:
5002:
4963:
4956:
4955:
4939:
4932:
4931:
4915:
4908:
4907:
4891:
4884:
4883:
4867:
4860:
4859:
4843:
4836:
4835:
4819:
4812:
4811:
4795:
4788:
4787:
4767:
4760:
4759:
4737:
4736:
4717:
4716:
4697:
4688:
4687:
4678:
4677:
4676:Никола́й Го́голь
4668:
4667:
4658:
4657:
4648:
4647:
4622:(Пётр Вели́кий,
4600:Ostromir Gospels
4365:
4364:
4313:Western European
4255:
4252:
4234:
4227:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4169:
4153:
4144:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4083:
4082:
4074:
4071:, "we" , or бэ,
4070:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4034:
4011:
4004:
3982:
3971:
3964:
3945:
3936:
3925:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3880:
3875:
3868:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3814:
3798:
3788:
3780:
3762:
3755:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3712:
3707:
3700:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3657:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3598:
3593:
3586:
3581:
3574:
3569:
3562:
3557:
3518:
3514:
3476:
3475:
3462:
3461:
3448:
3447:
3438:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3418:
3417:
3408:
3407:
3398:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3378:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3358:
3357:
3348:
3347:
3338:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3318:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3268:
3267:
3206:
3196:
3176:
3172:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2773:
2768:
2767:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2491:
2452:Russian alphabet
2440:Taimyr Peninsula
2434:, spoken by the
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2217:
2204:
2200:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2157:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2089:
2080:
2069:
2058:
2048:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1996:
1987:
1974:
1964:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1927:
1908:Russian dialects
1270:
1141:Nikolai Karinsky
1123:
1122:
1100:Standard Russian
1042:due to a common
981:
980:
975:
974:
960:orthographically
925:Russian alphabet
770:
754:
738:
731:
722:
721:
713:
704:
703:
695:
662:
660:
659:
650:
648:
647:
638:
636:
635:
626:
624:
623:
614:
612:
611:
602:
600:
599:
590:
588:
587:
570:language in
506:
504:
503:
482:
478:
476:
475:
466:
462:
460:
459:
450:
446:
444:
443:
416:
412:
410:
409:
398:
396:
395:
384:
376:
372:
370:
369:
358:
356:
355:
342:
338:
336:
335:
309:
305:
303:
302:
293:
289:
287:
286:
276:
272:
270:
269:
260:
256:
254:
253:
244:
240:
238:
237:
200:Russian alphabet
191:
110:
68:
67:
66:
60:
47:
46:
35:
34:
17640:
17639:
17635:
17634:
17633:
17631:
17630:
17629:
17580:
17579:
17578:
17571:Russian edition
17568:
17563:
17561:
17557:from Wikivoyage
17551:
17546:
17544:
17534:
17529:
17527:
17517:
17512:
17510:
17500:
17495:
17493:
17489:from Wiktionary
17483:
17478:
17476:
17473:
17469:sister projects
17466:at Knowledge's
17460:
17455:
17454:
17449:
17428:
17426:
17413:
17361:
17335:
17255:
17169:
17114:
17086:
17060:Internet domain
17055:Five-year plans
17017:
16984:
16924:
16827:
16789:
16721:Communist Party
16709:
16668:Passport system
16558:
16534:European Russia
16512:
16451:
16392:Khrushchev Thaw
16371:(World War II)
16349:Creation treaty
16303:
16297:
16267:
16262:
16249:
16242:
16229:
16188:Public holidays
16183:Political jokes
16168:Personification
16121:Names of Russia
15990:
15909:Life expectancy
15741:
15673:
15565:
15416:Law enforcement
15309:
15295:Protected areas
15192:Smolensk Upland
15187:Oka–Don Lowland
15167:European Russia
15108:
15047:
14933:Mongol invasion
14880:
14874:
14844:
14839:
14829:
14768:
14700:
14672:
14656:
14651:
14621:
14616:
14590:
14570:
14548:
14477:
14421:
14232:
14225:
14151:
14131:(Indo-European)
14116:
14073:
14031:
13920:
13833:
13761:
13728:
13606:
13514:
13513:Other languages
13495:
13444:
13375:Central Tibetan
13346:
13220:
13154:
13001:
12883:
12686:
12638:
12586:
12575:
12551:
12535:
12442:
12383:
12367:
12362:
12332:
12327:
12311:
12270:
12249:
12244:
12214:
12209:
12193:
12142:
12121:
12116:
12086:
12081:
12065:
12014:
12007:
12002:
12000:
11994:
11973:
11968:
11938:
11933:
11909:
11867:
11858:
11851:
11822:
11815:
11808:
11801:
11782:
11777:Southern Khanty
11775:
11770:Northern Khanty
11768:
11717:
11653:
11646:
11632:
11625:
11591:Karachay-Balkar
11492:
11491:State languages
11486:
11470:
11465:
11435:
11430:
11416:
11339:
11333:
11287:
11280:
11210:Bohemian Romani
11195:Mixed languages
11185:
11162:Pannonian Rusyn
11143:
11085:Banat Bulgarian
11071:
11033:
11021:
10991:
10889:
10881:Pannonian Rusyn
10801:
10744:
10726:
10694:
10654:Alaskan Russian
10629:Old Novgorodian
10622:Old East Slavic
10595:
10577:Cyrillic script
10567:Church Slavonic
10527:
10522:
10492:
10487:
10449:
10428:
10397:
10346:
10341:
10306:
10298:
10293:
10257:
10202:
10157:Alaskan Russian
10149:
10143:
10084:
10056:
10050:Vowel reduction
10011:
9953:
9939:Old East Slavic
9934:Church Slavonic
9915:
9910:
9876:
9867:
9854:
9849:
9818:
9816:Further reading
9813:
9805:
9800:Wayback Machine
9778:Wayback Machine
9766:Wayback Machine
9754:Wayback Machine
9743:Wayback Machine
9731:Wayback Machine
9711:
9709:
9703:
9683:
9668:
9655:
9646:
9644:
9637:
9612:
9582:
9563:
9550:
9541:
9517:
9504:
9498:
9474:
9465:
9451:
9446:
9445:
9435:
9433:
9418:
9414:
9404:
9402:
9393:
9392:
9388:
9378:
9376:
9365:
9361:
9360:
9356:
9350:Wayback Machine
9341:
9334:
9324:
9322:
9315:
9311:
9310:
9306:
9296:
9294:
9287:
9283:
9282:
9278:
9268:
9266:
9259:
9253:
9249:
9239:
9237:
9230:
9224:
9220:
9210:
9208:
9201:
9195:
9191:
9181:
9179:
9172:
9168:Арефьев, А. Л.
9166:
9162:
9152:
9150:
9137:
9136:
9129:
9119:
9117:
9110:
9104:
9095:
9084:
9080:
9074:
9071:Wayback Machine
9062:
9058:
9048:
9046:
9044:
9028:
9021:
9014:
9000:
8993:
8986:
8974:
8973:
8969:
8962:
8944:
8940:
8930:
8928:
8915:
8914:
8910:
8904:
8901:Wayback Machine
8890:
8886:
8855:
8851:
8841:
8839:
8826:
8825:
8818:
8813:
8809:
8799:
8797:
8790:FluentU Russian
8784:
8783:
8779:
8768:
8764:
8735:
8731:
8721:
8719:
8704:
8700:
8690:
8688:
8681:
8662:
8658:
8648:
8646:
8645:on 4 March 2016
8642:
8627:
8621:
8617:
8611:Wayback Machine
8602:
8598:
8593:
8589:
8584:
8580:
8570:
8568:
8559:
8558:
8554:
8544:
8542:
8533:
8532:
8528:
8520:
8503:
8494:
8490:
8480:
8478:
8463:
8459:
8445:
8443:
8425:
8421:
8411:
8409:
8408:on 14 June 2013
8405:
8398:
8394:
8393:
8389:
8379:
8377:
8368:
8367:
8363:
8353:
8351:
8342:
8341:
8337:
8332:
8328:
8318:
8316:
8307:
8306:
8302:
8296:Wayback Machine
8287:
8283:
8273:
8271:
8264:
8260:
8259:
8255:
8245:
8243:
8226:
8222:
8212:
8210:
8206:
8199:
8195:
8194:
8190:
8180:
8178:
8167:
8163:
8153:
8151:
8150:on 10 July 2012
8147:
8140:
8136:
8135:
8128:
8118:
8116:
8103:
8102:
8098:
8088:
8086:
8085:on 15 June 2021
8082:
8075:
8071:
8070:
8066:
8056:
8045:
8041:
8025:Wayback Machine
8016:
8012:
8007:on 21 May 2009.
8004:
7993:
7989:
7988:
7984:
7974:
7972:
7968:
7961:
7957:
7956:
7952:
7942:
7940:
7931:
7930:
7926:
7916:
7914:
7901:
7900:
7896:
7886:
7884:
7871:
7870:
7866:
7856:
7854:
7839:
7838:
7834:
7824:
7822:
7815:The Irish Times
7809:
7808:
7804:
7794:
7792:
7779:
7778:
7774:
7757:
7756:
7752:
7742:
7740:
7731:
7730:
7726:
7709:
7708:
7704:
7685:
7681:
7664:
7663:
7659:
7651:
7640:
7636:
7634:
7630:
7622:
7615:
7609:
7605:
7586:
7582:
7572:
7570:
7557:
7556:
7552:
7535:
7534:
7530:
7511:
7507:
7497:
7495:
7486:
7485:
7481:
7462:
7461:
7457:
7447:
7445:
7436:
7435:
7431:
7421:
7419:
7410:
7409:
7405:
7395:
7393:
7384:
7383:
7379:
7369:
7367:
7356:
7355:
7351:
7341:
7339:
7324:
7323:
7319:
7309:
7307:
7298:
7297:
7286:
7276:
7274:
7270:
7263:
7259:
7258:
7254:
7237:
7236:
7219:
7209:
7207:
7206:on 4 March 2016
7203:
7196:
7192:
7191:
7164:
7154:
7152:
7139:
7138:
7134:
7124:
7122:
7114:Демоскоп Weekly
7105:
7101:
7091:
7089:
7068:
7064:
7054:
7052:
7043:
7042:
7027:
7019:
7015:
7006:
7002:
6993:
6989:
6980:
6978:
6971:
6945:
6936:
6926:
6924:
6909:
6905:
6892:Wayback Machine
6880:
6876:
6866:
6864:
6849:
6845:
6835:
6833:
6829:
6823:roa.rutgers.edu
6818:
6812:
6808:
6798:
6796:
6792:
6785:
6781:
6780:
6776:
6737:
6733:
6707:
6703:
6695:
6691:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6667:Timberlake 2004
6665:
6661:
6651:
6649:
6636:
6635:
6631:
6617:
6615:
6606:
6605:
6601:
6587:
6585:
6567:
6563:
6553:
6551:
6538:
6537:
6533:
6519:
6517:
6504:
6503:
6496:
6486:
6484:
6469:
6468:
6464:
6454:
6452:
6443:
6442:
6438:
6430:
6426:
6418:
6414:
6403:Демоскоп Weekly
6399:
6393:
6389:
6379:
6377:
6368:
6367:
6363:
6355:
6351:
6346:
6342:
6315:
6311:
6301:
6299:
6286:
6285:
6281:
6268:
6266:
6248:
6244:
6231:
6229:
6218:"少数民族的语言文字有哪些？"
6214:
6210:
6203:Wayback Machine
6194:
6190:
6180:
6178:
6173:. Deschide.md.
6169:
6168:
6164:
6154:
6152:
6143:
6142:
6138:
6128:
6126:
6113:
6112:
6105:
6095:
6093:
6080:
6079:
6075:
6062:
6061:
6057:
6047:
6045:
6036:
6035:
6031:
6021:
6019:
6010:
6009:
6005:
5995:
5993:
5980:
5979:
5975:
5965:
5963:
5952:
5945:
5935:
5933:
5918:
5911:
5901:
5899:
5888:
5881:
5871:
5869:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5841:
5839:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5811:
5809:
5802:Constcouncil.kz
5794:
5790:
5780:
5778:
5765:
5764:
5760:
5750:
5748:
5741:Constitution.ru
5735:
5734:
5730:
5720:
5709:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5686:
5669:
5665:
5655:
5654:
5646:
5633:
5629:
5620:
5613:
5581:
5577:
5567:
5565:
5556:
5553:
5549:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5526:
5522:
5506:
5504:
5497:
5493:
5490:Oleg Trubachyov
5479:
5475:
5470:
5439:Language portal
5437:
5430:
5423:
5418:
5416:
5409:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5350:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5148:Russian Empire,
5147:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5129:
5114:Demoskop Weekly
5105:Demoskop Weekly
5035:
5030:
5015:Native speakers
5000:
4981:
4746:Transliteration
4735:
4734:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4711:
4708:
4701:
4695:
4620:Peter the Great
4565:Old East Slavic
4554:
4548:
4542:
4524:11 October 2021
4478:
4346:
4306:Church Slavonic
4256:
4250:
4247:
4240:needs expansion
4225:
4223:Russian grammar
4219:
4081:
3540:
3531:
3513:
3497:
3491:
3471:the cookie?) –
3313:– "standing"),
3257:
3251:
3235:
3229:
3189:
3183:
3181:Transliteration
3153:
3143:
3122:
3112:
3102:
3084:
3074:
3060:
3050:
3036:
3026:
3012:
3002:
2992:
2974:
2964:
2954:
2940:
2926:
2912:
2898:
2884:
2870:
2856:
2842:
2828:
2814:
2798:
2784:
2770:
2756:
2742:
2728:
2714:
2700:
2686:
2672:
2658:
2642:
2628:
2614:
2600:
2586:
2572:
2558:
2544:
2530:
2516:
2502:
2474:Cyrillic script
2458:
2456:Russian Braille
2450:Main articles:
2448:
2296:
2272:
2101:
2095:
2087:
2085:
2074:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2046:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2013:
2005:
2002:
1994:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1972:
1970:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1950:
1942:
1940:
1932:
1918:
1906:Main articles:
1904:
1872:
1755:
1741:
1713:ethnic enclaves
1632:
1626:
1538:Kazakh language
1474:
1264:
1218:
1165:
1159:
1126:Peter the Great
1108:
1102:
1044:Church Slavonic
1012:spoken language
1000:Old East Slavic
988:
929:Cyrillic script
890:Slavic language
882:native language
784:
780:53-AAA-ea <
766:
750:
747:
734:
727:
717:
716:
709:
699:
698:
691:
669:
668:
657:
655:
654:
645:
643:
642:
633:
631:
630:
621:
619:
618:
609:
607:
606:
597:
595:
594:
585:
583:
580:
579:
571:
569:
562:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
501:
499:
496:
495:
490:
489:
473:
471:
457:
455:
441:
439:
434:
433:
426:
425:
407:
405:
393:
391:
367:
365:
353:
351:
333:
331:
326:
325:
317:
316:
300:
298:
284:
282:
279:
267:
265:
251:
249:
235:
233:
228:
227:
218:
211:Official status
205:Russian Braille
203:
192:
187:
181:
173:Old East Slavic
153:
146:
111:
108:Language family
106:
96:
89:
88:Native speakers
62:
61:
48:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
17638:
17628:
17627:
17622:
17617:
17612:
17610:Lingua francas
17607:
17602:
17597:
17592:
17577:
17576:
17559:
17542:
17540:from Wikibooks
17525:
17523:from Wikiquote
17508:
17491:
17462:
17457:
17456:
17451:
17450:
17448:
17447:
17437:
17422:
17419:
17418:
17415:
17414:
17412:
17411:
17406:
17405:
17404:
17394:
17393:
17392:
17382:
17381:
17380:
17369:
17367:
17363:
17362:
17360:
17359:
17358:
17357:
17345:
17343:
17337:
17336:
17334:
17333:
17328:
17323:
17318:
17313:
17308:
17303:
17298:
17297:
17296:
17286:
17281:
17276:
17271:
17265:
17263:
17257:
17256:
17254:
17253:
17248:
17243:
17242:
17241:
17236:
17226:
17221:
17216:
17215:
17214:
17209:
17204:
17194:
17189:
17183:
17177:
17171:
17170:
17168:
17167:
17166:
17165:
17155:
17150:
17145:
17140:
17135:
17130:
17124:
17122:
17116:
17115:
17113:
17112:
17111:
17110:
17105:
17103:Rail transport
17100:
17098:Railway system
17090:
17082:
17077:
17072:
17067:
17062:
17057:
17052:
17047:
17042:
17037:
17031:
17029:
17023:
17022:
17019:
17018:
17016:
17015:
17010:
17005:
17000:
16994:
16992:
16986:
16985:
16983:
16982:
16977:
16972:
16971:
16970:
16960:
16955:
16950:
16945:
16940:
16934:
16932:
16926:
16925:
16923:
16922:
16921:
16920:
16894:
16893:
16892:
16887:
16877:
16872:
16871:
16870:
16860:
16859:
16858:
16848:
16843:
16837:
16835:
16829:
16828:
16826:
16825:
16820:
16818:Deputy Premier
16815:
16810:
16809:
16808:
16801:Heads of state
16797:
16795:
16791:
16790:
16788:
16787:
16786:
16785:
16775:
16769:
16766:Supreme Soviet
16763:
16757:
16756:
16755:
16750:
16749:
16748:
16743:
16733:
16728:
16717:
16715:
16711:
16710:
16708:
16707:
16702:
16701:
16700:
16695:
16690:
16683:State ideology
16680:
16675:
16670:
16665:
16664:
16663:
16653:
16648:
16643:
16642:
16641:
16631:
16630:
16629:
16619:
16614:
16613:
16612:
16602:
16597:
16596:
16595:
16590:
16579:
16577:
16570:
16564:
16563:
16560:
16559:
16557:
16556:
16551:
16549:Ural Mountains
16546:
16541:
16539:North Caucasus
16536:
16531:
16526:
16520:
16518:
16514:
16513:
16511:
16510:
16505:
16500:
16499:
16498:
16488:
16483:
16482:
16481:
16470:
16468:
16459:
16453:
16452:
16450:
16449:
16444:
16439:
16434:
16429:
16424:
16419:
16414:
16409:
16404:
16399:
16394:
16389:
16384:
16383:
16382:
16377:
16366:
16361:
16356:
16351:
16346:
16341:
16336:
16335:
16334:
16329:
16319:
16313:
16311:
16305:
16304:
16296:
16295:
16288:
16281:
16273:
16264:
16263:
16261:
16260:
16255:
16248:
16247:
16239:
16238:
16235:
16234:
16231:
16230:
16228:
16227:
16222:
16221:
16220:
16210:
16205:
16200:
16195:
16190:
16185:
16180:
16175:
16170:
16165:
16160:
16155:
16154:
16153:
16148:
16143:
16133:
16128:
16123:
16118:
16113:
16108:
16103:
16098:
16093:
16088:
16083:
16078:
16073:
16068:
16063:
16058:
16053:
16048:
16043:
16042:
16041:
16031:
16026:
16021:
16016:
16011:
16006:
16000:
15998:
15992:
15991:
15989:
15988:
15987:
15986:
15976:
15971:
15966:
15961:
15956:
15951:
15946:
15941:
15936:
15931:
15926:
15921:
15916:
15911:
15906:
15901:
15900:
15899:
15894:
15884:
15883:
15882:
15872:
15871:
15870:
15865:
15860:
15850:
15845:
15840:
15835:
15830:
15825:
15820:
15815:
15810:
15805:
15800:
15795:
15790:
15785:
15780:
15775:
15770:
15765:
15759:
15753:
15747:
15746:
15743:
15742:
15740:
15739:
15734:
15729:
15724:
15719:
15714:
15709:
15704:
15702:Space industry
15699:
15694:
15689:
15688:
15687:
15677:
15669:
15664:
15659:
15654:
15649:
15644:
15639:
15634:
15629:
15624:
15619:
15614:
15609:
15604:
15599:
15594:
15589:
15583:
15577:
15571:
15570:
15567:
15566:
15564:
15563:
15558:
15553:
15548:
15543:
15541:Urban planning
15538:
15533:
15528:
15523:
15518:
15513:
15508:
15503:
15498:
15493:
15488:
15483:
15478:
15473:
15468:
15463:
15458:
15453:
15448:
15443:
15438:
15433:
15428:
15423:
15413:
15408:
15403:
15393:
15388:
15378:
15376:Federal budget
15373:
15368:
15363:
15358:
15353:
15348:
15343:
15338:
15333:
15327:
15321:
15315:
15314:
15311:
15310:
15308:
15307:
15302:
15297:
15292:
15287:
15285:North Caucasus
15282:
15281:
15280:
15275:
15270:
15260:
15259:
15258:
15253:
15248:
15238:
15237:
15236:
15226:
15221:
15219:Highest points
15216:
15211:
15206:
15201:
15196:
15195:
15194:
15189:
15184:
15179:
15174:
15164:
15162:Extreme points
15159:
15158:
15157:
15147:
15142:
15137:
15132:
15126:
15120:
15114:
15113:
15110:
15109:
15107:
15106:
15101:
15096:
15091:
15086:
15081:
15076:
15071:
15066:
15061:
15055:
15053:
15049:
15048:
15046:
15045:
15044:
15043:
15033:
15032:
15031:
15026:
15021:
15011:
15010:
15009:
15004:
14994:
14989:
14988:
14987:
14977:
14975:Russian Empire
14972:
14971:
14970:
14960:
14955:
14954:
14953:
14948:
14943:
14935:
14930:
14925:
14920:
14915:
14910:
14905:
14899:
14897:
14888:
14882:
14881:
14879: articles
14873:
14872:
14865:
14858:
14850:
14841:
14840:
14834:
14831:
14830:
14828:
14827:
14822:
14817:
14812:
14807:
14802:
14797:
14792:
14787:
14782:
14776:
14774:
14773:Sign languages
14770:
14769:
14767:
14766:
14759:
14754:
14749:
14744:
14739:
14734:
14729:
14724:
14719:
14714:
14708:
14706:
14702:
14701:
14699:
14698:
14697:
14696:
14691:
14680:
14678:
14677:Special status
14674:
14673:
14671:
14670:
14664:
14662:
14658:
14657:
14650:
14649:
14642:
14635:
14627:
14618:
14617:
14615:
14614:
14611:
14608:
14605:
14602:
14601:HK = Hong Kong
14599:
14595:
14592:
14591:
14589:
14588:
14581:
14580:
14579:
14578:
14577:
14572:Hong Kong Sign
14565:
14556:
14554:
14550:
14549:
14547:
14546:
14541:
14536:
14531:
14526:
14521:
14516:
14511:
14506:
14501:
14496:
14491:
14485:
14483:
14479:
14478:
14476:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14460:
14455:
14450:
14445:
14440:
14435:
14429:
14427:
14423:
14422:
14420:
14419:
14418:
14417:
14412:
14402:
14401:
14400:
14395:
14385:
14384:
14383:
14378:
14368:
14367:
14366:
14361:
14356:
14351:
14346:
14341:
14340:
14339:
14334:
14329:
14314:
14309:
14304:
14299:
14298:
14297:
14292:
14291:
14290:
14280:
14275:
14274:
14273:
14263:
14258:
14253:
14248:
14237:
14235:
14227:
14226:
14224:
14223:
14218:
14212:
14207:
14202:
14197:
14192:
14187:
14182:
14177:
14171:
14169:
14165:
14164:
14161:
14160:
14157:
14156:
14153:
14152:
14150:
14149:
14147:(Austronesian)
14141:
14139:(Austronesian)
14133:
14124:
14122:
14118:
14117:
14115:
14114:
14109:
14104:
14099:
14094:
14089:
14083:
14081:
14075:
14074:
14072:
14071:
14066:
14061:
14056:
14051:
14045:
14043:
14037:
14036:
14033:
14032:
14030:
14029:
14024:
14019:
14014:
14009:
14004:
13999:
13994:
13989:
13984:
13979:
13974:
13969:
13964:
13959:
13954:
13949:
13944:
13939:
13934:
13928:
13926:
13922:
13921:
13919:
13918:
13913:
13908:
13903:
13898:
13893:
13888:
13883:
13878:
13873:
13868:
13863:
13858:
13852:
13850:
13841:
13835:
13834:
13832:
13831:
13826:
13821:
13816:
13811:
13806:
13801:
13796:
13791:
13786:
13781:
13775:
13773:
13767:
13766:
13763:
13762:
13760:
13759:
13754:
13749:
13744:
13738:
13736:
13730:
13729:
13727:
13726:
13721:
13716:
13711:
13706:
13701:
13696:
13691:
13686:
13681:
13676:
13671:
13666:
13661:
13656:
13651:
13646:
13641:
13636:
13631:
13625:
13623:
13614:
13608:
13607:
13605:
13604:
13599:
13594:
13589:
13584:
13579:
13574:
13569:
13564:
13559:
13554:
13549:
13544:
13539:
13534:
13528:
13526:
13516:
13515:
13505:
13504:
13501:
13500:
13497:
13496:
13494:
13493:
13488:
13483:
13478:
13473:
13468:
13463:
13458:
13452:
13450:
13446:
13445:
13443:
13442:
13437:
13432:
13427:
13422:
13417:
13412:
13407:
13402:
13397:
13392:
13387:
13382:
13377:
13372:
13367:
13362:
13356:
13354:
13348:
13347:
13345:
13344:
13339:
13334:
13329:
13324:
13319:
13317:Southern Qiang
13314:
13312:Northern Qiang
13309:
13304:
13299:
13294:
13289:
13284:
13279:
13274:
13269:
13264:
13259:
13254:
13249:
13244:
13238:
13236:
13230:
13229:
13226:
13225:
13222:
13221:
13219:
13218:
13213:
13208:
13203:
13198:
13193:
13188:
13183:
13178:
13173:
13168:
13162:
13160:
13156:
13155:
13153:
13152:
13147:
13142:
13137:
13132:
13127:
13122:
13117:
13112:
13107:
13102:
13097:
13092:
13087:
13082:
13077:
13072:
13067:
13062:
13057:
13052:
13047:
13042:
13037:
13032:
13027:
13022:
13017:
13011:
13009:
13003:
13002:
13000:
12999:
12994:
12989:
12984:
12979:
12974:
12969:
12964:
12959:
12954:
12949:
12944:
12939:
12934:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12914:
12909:
12904:
12899:
12893:
12891:
12885:
12884:
12882:
12881:
12876:
12871:
12866:
12861:
12856:
12851:
12846:
12841:
12836:
12831:
12826:
12821:
12816:
12811:
12806:
12801:
12796:
12791:
12786:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12756:
12751:
12746:
12741:
12736:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12711:
12705:
12703:
12694:
12688:
12687:
12685:
12684:
12679:
12674:
12669:
12664:
12659:
12654:
12648:
12646:
12640:
12639:
12637:
12636:
12631:
12626:
12621:
12616:
12611:
12606:
12600:
12598:
12589:
12577:
12576:
12561:
12557:
12556:
12553:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12537:
12536:
12534:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12518:
12513:
12508:
12503:
12498:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12473:
12468:
12463:
12458:
12452:
12450:
12444:
12443:
12441:
12440:
12435:
12430:
12425:
12420:
12415:
12410:
12404:
12402:
12389:
12385:
12384:
12382:
12381:
12375:
12373:
12369:
12368:
12361:
12360:
12353:
12346:
12338:
12329:
12328:
12326:
12325:
12319:
12317:
12316:Sign languages
12313:
12312:
12310:
12309:
12304:
12299:
12294:
12289:
12284:
12278:
12276:
12272:
12271:
12269:
12268:
12263:
12257:
12255:
12251:
12250:
12243:
12242:
12235:
12228:
12220:
12211:
12210:
12208:
12207:
12201:
12199:
12198:Sign languages
12195:
12194:
12192:
12191:
12186:
12181:
12176:
12171:
12166:
12161:
12156:
12150:
12148:
12144:
12143:
12141:
12140:
12135:
12129:
12127:
12123:
12122:
12115:
12114:
12107:
12100:
12092:
12083:
12082:
12080:
12079:
12073:
12071:
12067:
12066:
12064:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12022:
12020:
12016:
12015:
12013:
12012:
12009:Belarus portal
11997:
11995:
11993:
11992:
11987:
11981:
11979:
11975:
11974:
11967:
11966:
11959:
11952:
11944:
11935:
11934:
11932:
11931:
11926:
11921:
11914:
11911:
11910:
11908:
11907:
11891:
11886:
11881:
11875:
11873:
11869:
11868:
11866:
11865:
11864:
11863:
11856:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11828:
11827:
11824:Southern Mansi
11820:
11813:
11806:
11803:Northern Mansi
11794:
11789:
11788:
11787:
11784:Eastern Khanty
11780:
11773:
11761:
11756:
11751:
11746:
11741:
11736:
11731:
11725:
11723:
11719:
11718:
11716:
11715:
11710:
11705:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11675:
11670:
11665:
11660:
11659:
11658:
11651:
11639:
11638:
11637:
11630:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11603:
11598:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11558:
11553:
11548:
11543:
11538:
11533:
11532:
11531:
11528:Southern Altai
11524:
11521:Northern Altai
11512:
11507:
11502:
11496:
11494:
11488:
11487:
11485:
11484:
11478:
11476:
11472:
11471:
11464:
11463:
11456:
11449:
11441:
11432:
11431:
11421:
11418:
11417:
11415:
11414:
11409:
11407:Van Wijk's law
11404:
11402:Ruki sound law
11399:
11397:Pedersen's law
11394:
11389:
11384:
11379:
11374:
11369:
11364:
11359:
11354:
11349:
11343:
11341:
11335:
11334:
11332:
11331:
11324:
11317:
11310:
11305:
11304:
11303:
11292:
11290:
11282:
11281:
11279:
11278:
11273:
11266:
11261:
11254:
11247:
11242:
11240:Romano-Serbian
11237:
11232:
11227:
11220:
11213:
11205:
11199:
11197:
11191:
11190:
11187:
11186:
11184:
11183:
11182:
11181:
11171:
11166:
11165:
11164:
11157:Eastern Slovak
11153:
11151:
11145:
11144:
11142:
11141:
11136:
11135:
11134:
11129:
11119:
11114:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11098:
11097:
11087:
11081:
11079:
11073:
11072:
11070:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11058:
11057:
11046:
11044:
11035:
11031:Microlanguages
11027:
11026:
11023:
11022:
11020:
11019:
11018:
11017:
11007:
11001:
10999:
10993:
10992:
10990:
10989:
10988:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10967:
10966:
10965:
10960:
10950:
10949:
10948:
10947:
10946:
10934:
10933:
10932:
10925:
10918:
10913:
10902:East Lechitic
10899:
10897:
10891:
10890:
10888:
10887:
10886:
10885:
10884:
10883:
10876:Eastern Slovak
10873:
10861:
10860:
10859:
10857:White Croatian
10854:
10849:
10842:
10835:
10833:Biblical Czech
10824:
10822:
10813:
10807:
10806:
10803:
10802:
10800:
10799:
10794:
10793:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10765:Serbo-Croatian
10762:
10754:
10752:
10746:
10745:
10743:
10742:
10736:
10734:
10728:
10727:
10725:
10724:
10719:
10713:
10711:
10702:
10696:
10695:
10693:
10692:
10691:
10690:
10685:
10680:
10670:
10665:
10664:
10663:
10662:
10661:
10656:
10641:
10634:
10633:
10632:
10618:
10617:
10616:
10605:
10603:
10597:
10596:
10594:
10593:
10586:
10585:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10564:
10552:
10545:
10537:
10535:
10529:
10528:
10521:
10520:
10513:
10506:
10498:
10489:
10488:
10486:
10485:
10478:
10473:
10468:
10463:
10457:
10455:
10451:
10450:
10448:
10447:
10442:
10436:
10434:
10430:
10429:
10427:
10426:
10421:
10416:
10411:
10405:
10403:
10399:
10398:
10396:
10395:
10383:
10371:
10354:
10352:
10348:
10347:
10340:
10339:
10332:
10325:
10317:
10311:
10308:
10307:
10295:
10294:
10292:
10291:
10289:List of topics
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10265:
10263:
10259:
10258:
10256:
10255:
10250:
10249:
10248:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10218:
10212:
10210:
10204:
10203:
10201:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10153:
10151:
10145:
10144:
10142:
10141:
10140:
10139:
10134:
10124:
10123:
10122:
10117:
10107:
10106:
10105:
10094:
10092:
10086:
10085:
10083:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10066:
10064:
10058:
10057:
10055:
10054:
10053:
10052:
10042:
10041:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10019:
10017:
10013:
10012:
10010:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9983:
9982:
9977:
9975:Spelling rules
9967:
9961:
9959:
9955:
9954:
9952:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9925:
9923:
9917:
9916:
9909:
9908:
9901:
9894:
9886:
9880:
9879:
9870:
9861:
9853:
9852:External links
9850:
9848:
9847:
9835:(2): 221–228.
9819:
9817:
9814:
9810:
9809:
9804:
9803:
9789:
9786:
9783:
9780:
9768:
9756:
9733:
9720:
9719:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9707:
9701:
9681:
9672:
9666:
9653:
9635:
9616:
9610:
9590:Sussex, Roland
9586:
9580:
9567:
9561:
9548:
9545:
9539:
9526:
9521:
9515:
9502:
9496:
9472:
9462:
9461:
9460:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9444:
9443:
9426:United Nations
9412:
9386:
9371:(in Russian).
9354:
9332:
9304:
9276:
9247:
9218:
9189:
9160:
9127:
9093:
9078:
9056:
9042:
9019:
9012:
8991:
8984:
8967:
8960:
8938:
8908:
8884:
8865:(1): 135–158.
8859:Scando-Slavica
8849:
8816:
8807:
8777:
8762:
8729:
8698:
8679:
8656:
8615:
8596:
8587:
8578:
8563:(in Russian).
8552:
8537:(in Russian).
8526:
8501:
8488:
8457:
8428:Wakata, Koichi
8419:
8387:
8361:
8335:
8326:
8300:
8281:
8253:
8220:
8188:
8161:
8126:
8096:
8064:
8039:
8010:
7982:
7950:
7924:
7894:
7864:
7832:
7802:
7785:www.unian.info
7772:
7765:(in Russian).
7750:
7724:
7702:
7679:
7657:
7628:
7611:Andrlík, Jan.
7603:
7580:
7550:
7528:
7505:
7479:
7455:
7429:
7403:
7377:
7363:Estonian World
7349:
7317:
7306:on 23 May 2022
7284:
7252:
7245:(in Russian).
7217:
7162:
7132:
7117:(in Russian).
7099:
7062:
7025:
7013:
7000:
6987:
6969:
6934:
6903:
6874:
6843:
6806:
6774:
6747:(2): 392–394.
6731:
6720:Chisholm, Hugh
6701:
6689:
6671:
6659:
6629:
6599:
6570:Wakata, Koichi
6561:
6531:
6494:
6462:
6447:. Ethnologue.
6436:
6424:
6422:, p. 236.
6412:
6387:
6361:
6349:
6340:
6309:
6279:
6261:(in Chinese).
6242:
6224:(in Chinese).
6208:
6188:
6162:
6136:
6103:
6086:Ethnologue.com
6073:
6055:
6029:
6003:
5973:
5943:
5909:
5879:
5862:prokuratura.tj
5849:
5819:
5788:
5758:
5728:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5663:
5627:
5611:
5608:federal cities
5582:The status of
5575:
5547:
5499:(in Russian).
5472:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5428:
5414:
5398:
5395:
5372:Latin alphabet
5349:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5176:share in world
5174:
5164:
5158:share in world
5156:
5144:
5136:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5070:SIL (2000 WCD)
5067:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5021:Total speakers
5019:
5016:
5013:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4964:
4957:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4940:
4933:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4916:
4909:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4892:
4885:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4868:
4861:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4844:
4837:
4829:
4828:
4825:
4820:
4813:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4796:
4789:
4781:
4780:
4778:Winter evening
4775:
4768:
4761:
4757:Зи́мний ве́чер
4751:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4725:
4719:
4709:
4706:Winter Evening
4704:
4703:
4702:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4656:высо́кий стиль
4589:Modern Russian
4581:
4580:
4577:Modern Russian
4574:
4571:Middle Russian
4568:
4544:Main article:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4475:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4345:
4342:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4288:
4258:
4257:
4237:
4235:
4221:Main article:
4218:
4215:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4163:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4147:
4145:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4124:
4115:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4080:
4077:
4061:alveolar ridge
4029:palatalization
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3938:
3929:
3927:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3860:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3792:
3790:
3781:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3591:
3584:
3579:
3572:
3567:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3536:
3526:
3521:
3512:
3509:
3493:Main article:
3490:
3487:
3253:Main article:
3250:
3247:
3231:Main article:
3228:
3225:
3182:
3179:
2959:
2958:
2944:
2930:
2916:
2902:
2888:
2874:
2860:
2846:
2832:
2818:
2803:
2802:
2788:
2774:
2760:
2746:
2732:
2718:
2704:
2690:
2676:
2662:
2647:
2646:
2632:
2618:
2604:
2590:
2576:
2562:
2548:
2534:
2520:
2506:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2429:
2419:
2413:
2411:Kola Peninsula
2388:
2382:
2368:
2355:
2344:mixed language
2337:
2331:
2321:
2315:
2295:
2292:
2271:
2268:
2098:
2097:
2086:
2055:
2045:
2034:
2024:
2014:
2004:
1993:
1990:Moscow dialect
1984:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1931:
1925:
1912:Moscow dialect
1903:
1900:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1763:United Nations
1759:
1740:
1737:
1625:
1622:
1473:
1470:
1217:
1214:
1161:Main article:
1158:
1155:
1106:Moscow dialect
1104:Main article:
1101:
1098:
990:Russian is an
987:
986:Classification
984:
950:of unstressed
821:of the former
802:branch of the
787:
786:
778:
772:
771:
764:
756:
755:
748:
743:
740:
739:
732:
724:
723:
714:
706:
705:
696:
688:
687:
686:Language codes
683:
682:
677:
671:
670:
667:
666:
616:Czech Republic
577:
576:
575:
574:
572:
567:
564:
563:
561:
560:
532:
531:
526:
521:
516:
508:United Nations
493:
492:
491:
488:
487:
486:
485:
469:
453:
429:
428:
427:
424:
423:
422:
421:
420:
419:
389:
388:
387:
379:
349:
320:
319:
318:
315:
314:
313:
312:
296:
280:
263:
247:
223:
222:
221:
219:
216:
213:
212:
208:
207:
193:
189:Writing system
186:
183:
182:
180:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
156:
154:
151:
148:
147:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
114:
112:
105:
102:
101:
90:
87:
84:
83:
74:
73:Native to
70:
69:
54:
50:
49:
40:
39:
21:Rusyn language
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
17637:
17626:
17623:
17621:
17618:
17616:
17613:
17611:
17608:
17606:
17603:
17601:
17598:
17596:
17593:
17591:
17588:
17587:
17585:
17573:
17572:
17560:
17556:
17555:
17543:
17539:
17538:
17526:
17522:
17521:
17509:
17505:
17504:
17492:
17488:
17487:
17475:
17474:
17471:
17465:
17446:
17438:
17436:
17435:
17424:
17423:
17420:
17410:
17407:
17403:
17400:
17399:
17398:
17395:
17391:
17388:
17387:
17386:
17383:
17379:
17376:
17375:
17374:
17371:
17370:
17368:
17364:
17356:
17353:
17352:
17350:
17347:
17346:
17344:
17342:
17338:
17332:
17329:
17327:
17324:
17322:
17319:
17317:
17314:
17312:
17309:
17307:
17306:Printed media
17304:
17302:
17299:
17295:
17292:
17291:
17290:
17287:
17285:
17282:
17280:
17277:
17275:
17272:
17270:
17267:
17266:
17264:
17262:
17258:
17252:
17249:
17247:
17244:
17240:
17239:Cyrillisation
17237:
17235:
17232:
17231:
17230:
17227:
17225:
17222:
17220:
17217:
17213:
17210:
17208:
17207:Working class
17205:
17203:
17202:Soviet people
17200:
17199:
17198:
17195:
17193:
17190:
17188:
17185:
17184:
17181:
17178:
17176:
17172:
17164:
17161:
17160:
17159:
17156:
17154:
17151:
17149:
17146:
17144:
17141:
17139:
17136:
17134:
17131:
17129:
17126:
17125:
17123:
17121:
17117:
17109:
17106:
17104:
17101:
17099:
17096:
17095:
17094:
17091:
17089:
17083:
17081:
17078:
17076:
17073:
17071:
17068:
17066:
17063:
17061:
17058:
17056:
17053:
17051:
17050:Energy policy
17048:
17046:
17043:
17041:
17038:
17036:
17033:
17032:
17030:
17028:
17024:
17014:
17011:
17009:
17006:
17004:
17001:
16999:
16996:
16995:
16993:
16991:
16987:
16981:
16978:
16976:
16973:
16969:
16966:
16965:
16964:
16961:
16959:
16956:
16954:
16951:
16949:
16946:
16944:
16941:
16939:
16936:
16935:
16933:
16931:
16927:
16919:
16915:
16911:
16907:
16903:
16900:
16899:
16898:
16895:
16891:
16888:
16886:
16883:
16882:
16881:
16878:
16876:
16873:
16869:
16866:
16865:
16864:
16861:
16857:
16854:
16853:
16852:
16849:
16847:
16844:
16842:
16839:
16838:
16836:
16834:
16830:
16824:
16821:
16819:
16816:
16814:
16811:
16807:
16804:
16803:
16802:
16799:
16798:
16796:
16792:
16784:
16781:
16780:
16779:
16778:Supreme Court
16776:
16773:
16770:
16767:
16764:
16761:
16758:
16754:
16751:
16747:
16744:
16742:
16739:
16738:
16737:
16734:
16732:
16729:
16727:
16724:
16723:
16722:
16719:
16718:
16716:
16712:
16706:
16703:
16699:
16696:
16694:
16691:
16689:
16686:
16685:
16684:
16681:
16679:
16676:
16674:
16671:
16669:
16666:
16662:
16659:
16658:
16657:
16654:
16652:
16649:
16647:
16644:
16640:
16637:
16636:
16635:
16632:
16628:
16625:
16624:
16623:
16620:
16618:
16615:
16611:
16608:
16607:
16606:
16603:
16601:
16598:
16594:
16591:
16589:
16586:
16585:
16584:
16581:
16580:
16578:
16574:
16571:
16569:
16565:
16555:
16552:
16550:
16547:
16545:
16542:
16540:
16537:
16535:
16532:
16530:
16527:
16525:
16522:
16521:
16519:
16515:
16509:
16506:
16504:
16501:
16497:
16494:
16493:
16492:
16489:
16487:
16484:
16480:
16477:
16476:
16475:
16472:
16471:
16469:
16467:
16463:
16460:
16458:
16454:
16448:
16445:
16443:
16440:
16438:
16435:
16433:
16430:
16428:
16425:
16423:
16420:
16418:
16415:
16413:
16410:
16408:
16405:
16403:
16400:
16398:
16395:
16393:
16390:
16388:
16385:
16381:
16380:The Holocaust
16378:
16376:
16373:
16372:
16370:
16367:
16365:
16362:
16360:
16357:
16355:
16352:
16350:
16347:
16345:
16342:
16340:
16337:
16333:
16330:
16328:
16325:
16324:
16323:
16320:
16318:
16315:
16314:
16312:
16310:
16306:
16301:
16294:
16289:
16287:
16282:
16280:
16275:
16274:
16271:
16259:
16256:
16254:
16251:
16250:
16245:
16241:
16240:
16236:
16226:
16223:
16219:
16216:
16215:
16214:
16211:
16209:
16208:Seven Wonders
16206:
16204:
16201:
16199:
16196:
16194:
16191:
16189:
16186:
16184:
16181:
16179:
16176:
16174:
16173:Playing cards
16171:
16169:
16166:
16164:
16161:
16159:
16156:
16152:
16149:
16147:
16144:
16142:
16139:
16138:
16137:
16134:
16132:
16129:
16127:
16124:
16122:
16119:
16117:
16114:
16112:
16109:
16107:
16104:
16102:
16099:
16097:
16094:
16092:
16089:
16087:
16084:
16082:
16079:
16077:
16074:
16072:
16069:
16067:
16064:
16062:
16059:
16057:
16054:
16052:
16049:
16047:
16044:
16040:
16037:
16036:
16035:
16032:
16030:
16027:
16025:
16022:
16020:
16017:
16015:
16012:
16010:
16007:
16005:
16002:
16001:
15999:
15997:
15993:
15985:
15982:
15981:
15980:
15977:
15975:
15972:
15970:
15967:
15965:
15962:
15960:
15957:
15955:
15952:
15950:
15947:
15945:
15942:
15940:
15937:
15935:
15932:
15930:
15927:
15925:
15922:
15920:
15917:
15915:
15912:
15910:
15907:
15905:
15902:
15898:
15895:
15893:
15890:
15889:
15888:
15885:
15881:
15878:
15877:
15876:
15873:
15869:
15868:Mental health
15866:
15864:
15861:
15859:
15856:
15855:
15854:
15851:
15849:
15846:
15844:
15841:
15839:
15836:
15834:
15831:
15829:
15828:Ethnic groups
15826:
15824:
15821:
15819:
15816:
15814:
15811:
15809:
15806:
15804:
15801:
15799:
15796:
15794:
15791:
15789:
15786:
15784:
15781:
15779:
15776:
15774:
15771:
15769:
15766:
15764:
15761:
15760:
15757:
15754:
15752:
15748:
15738:
15735:
15733:
15730:
15728:
15725:
15723:
15720:
15718:
15715:
15713:
15710:
15708:
15705:
15703:
15700:
15698:
15695:
15693:
15690:
15686:
15683:
15682:
15681:
15678:
15676:
15670:
15668:
15665:
15663:
15660:
15658:
15655:
15653:
15650:
15648:
15645:
15643:
15640:
15638:
15635:
15633:
15630:
15628:
15625:
15623:
15620:
15618:
15615:
15613:
15610:
15608:
15605:
15603:
15600:
15598:
15595:
15593:
15590:
15588:
15585:
15584:
15581:
15578:
15576:
15572:
15562:
15559:
15557:
15554:
15552:
15549:
15547:
15544:
15542:
15539:
15537:
15534:
15532:
15531:Civil defense
15529:
15527:
15524:
15522:
15519:
15517:
15514:
15512:
15509:
15507:
15504:
15502:
15499:
15497:
15494:
15492:
15489:
15487:
15484:
15482:
15479:
15477:
15476:Media freedom
15474:
15472:
15469:
15467:
15464:
15462:
15459:
15457:
15454:
15452:
15449:
15447:
15444:
15442:
15439:
15437:
15434:
15432:
15429:
15427:
15424:
15421:
15417:
15414:
15412:
15409:
15407:
15404:
15401:
15397:
15394:
15392:
15389:
15386:
15382:
15379:
15377:
15374:
15372:
15369:
15367:
15364:
15362:
15361:Criminal code
15359:
15357:
15354:
15352:
15349:
15347:
15344:
15342:
15341:Civil Service
15339:
15337:
15334:
15332:
15329:
15328:
15325:
15322:
15320:
15316:
15306:
15303:
15301:
15298:
15296:
15293:
15291:
15288:
15286:
15283:
15279:
15276:
15274:
15271:
15269:
15266:
15265:
15264:
15261:
15257:
15254:
15252:
15249:
15247:
15244:
15243:
15242:
15239:
15235:
15232:
15231:
15230:
15227:
15225:
15222:
15220:
15217:
15215:
15212:
15210:
15207:
15205:
15202:
15200:
15197:
15193:
15190:
15188:
15185:
15183:
15180:
15178:
15175:
15173:
15170:
15169:
15168:
15165:
15163:
15160:
15156:
15153:
15152:
15151:
15148:
15146:
15143:
15141:
15138:
15136:
15133:
15131:
15128:
15127:
15124:
15121:
15119:
15115:
15105:
15102:
15100:
15097:
15095:
15092:
15090:
15087:
15085:
15082:
15080:
15077:
15075:
15072:
15070:
15067:
15065:
15062:
15060:
15057:
15056:
15054:
15050:
15042:
15039:
15038:
15037:
15034:
15030:
15027:
15025:
15022:
15020:
15017:
15016:
15015:
15012:
15008:
15005:
15003:
15002:Russian state
15000:
14999:
14998:
14995:
14993:
14990:
14986:
14983:
14982:
14981:
14978:
14976:
14973:
14969:
14966:
14965:
14964:
14961:
14959:
14956:
14952:
14949:
14947:
14944:
14942:
14939:
14938:
14936:
14934:
14931:
14929:
14926:
14924:
14921:
14919:
14916:
14914:
14911:
14909:
14906:
14904:
14901:
14900:
14898:
14896:
14892:
14889:
14887:
14883:
14878:
14871:
14866:
14864:
14859:
14857:
14852:
14851:
14848:
14838:
14832:
14826:
14823:
14821:
14818:
14816:
14813:
14811:
14808:
14806:
14803:
14801:
14798:
14796:
14793:
14791:
14788:
14786:
14783:
14781:
14778:
14777:
14775:
14771:
14765:
14764:
14760:
14758:
14755:
14753:
14750:
14748:
14745:
14743:
14740:
14738:
14735:
14733:
14730:
14728:
14725:
14723:
14720:
14718:
14715:
14713:
14710:
14709:
14707:
14703:
14695:
14692:
14690:
14687:
14686:
14685:
14682:
14681:
14679:
14675:
14669:
14666:
14665:
14663:
14659:
14655:
14648:
14643:
14641:
14636:
14634:
14629:
14628:
14625:
14612:
14610:XJ = Xinjiang
14609:
14606:
14603:
14600:
14597:
14596:
14593:
14587:
14585:
14582:
14575:
14573:
14569:
14568:
14566:
14563:
14562:
14561:
14558:
14557:
14555:
14551:
14545:
14542:
14540:
14537:
14535:
14532:
14530:
14527:
14525:
14522:
14520:
14517:
14515:
14512:
14510:
14507:
14505:
14502:
14500:
14497:
14495:
14492:
14490:
14487:
14486:
14484:
14480:
14474:
14471:
14469:
14466:
14464:
14461:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14449:
14446:
14444:
14441:
14439:
14436:
14434:
14431:
14430:
14428:
14424:
14416:
14413:
14411:
14408:
14407:
14406:
14403:
14399:
14396:
14394:
14391:
14390:
14389:
14386:
14382:
14379:
14377:
14374:
14373:
14372:
14369:
14365:
14362:
14360:
14357:
14355:
14352:
14350:
14347:
14345:
14342:
14338:
14335:
14333:
14330:
14328:
14325:
14324:
14323:
14320:
14319:
14318:
14315:
14313:
14310:
14308:
14305:
14303:
14300:
14296:
14293:
14289:
14286:
14285:
14284:
14281:
14279:
14276:
14272:
14269:
14268:
14267:
14264:
14262:
14259:
14257:
14254:
14252:
14249:
14247:
14244:
14243:
14242:
14239:
14238:
14236:
14234:
14228:
14222:
14219:
14216:
14213:
14211:
14208:
14206:
14203:
14201:
14198:
14196:
14193:
14191:
14188:
14186:
14183:
14181:
14178:
14176:
14173:
14172:
14170:
14166:
14145:
14142:
14137:
14134:
14129:
14126:
14125:
14123:
14119:
14113:
14112:Western Yugur
14110:
14108:
14105:
14103:
14100:
14098:
14095:
14093:
14090:
14088:
14085:
14084:
14082:
14080:
14076:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14062:
14060:
14057:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14046:
14044:
14042:
14038:
14028:
14025:
14023:
14020:
14018:
14015:
14013:
14010:
14008:
14005:
14003:
14000:
13998:
13995:
13993:
13990:
13988:
13985:
13983:
13980:
13978:
13975:
13973:
13970:
13968:
13965:
13963:
13960:
13958:
13955:
13953:
13950:
13948:
13945:
13943:
13940:
13938:
13935:
13933:
13930:
13929:
13927:
13923:
13917:
13914:
13912:
13909:
13907:
13904:
13902:
13899:
13897:
13894:
13892:
13889:
13887:
13884:
13882:
13879:
13877:
13874:
13872:
13869:
13867:
13864:
13862:
13859:
13857:
13854:
13853:
13851:
13849:
13845:
13842:
13840:
13836:
13830:
13827:
13825:
13822:
13820:
13817:
13815:
13812:
13810:
13807:
13805:
13802:
13800:
13797:
13795:
13794:Eastern Yugur
13792:
13790:
13787:
13785:
13782:
13780:
13777:
13776:
13774:
13772:
13768:
13758:
13755:
13753:
13750:
13748:
13745:
13743:
13740:
13739:
13737:
13735:
13731:
13725:
13722:
13720:
13717:
13715:
13714:Small Flowery
13712:
13710:
13707:
13705:
13702:
13700:
13697:
13695:
13692:
13690:
13687:
13685:
13682:
13680:
13677:
13675:
13672:
13670:
13667:
13665:
13662:
13660:
13657:
13655:
13652:
13650:
13647:
13645:
13642:
13640:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13630:
13627:
13626:
13624:
13622:
13618:
13615:
13613:
13609:
13603:
13600:
13598:
13595:
13593:
13590:
13588:
13585:
13583:
13580:
13578:
13575:
13573:
13570:
13568:
13565:
13563:
13560:
13558:
13555:
13553:
13550:
13548:
13545:
13543:
13540:
13538:
13535:
13533:
13530:
13529:
13527:
13525:
13524:Austroasiatic
13521:
13517:
13510:
13506:
13492:
13489:
13487:
13484:
13482:
13479:
13477:
13474:
13472:
13469:
13467:
13464:
13462:
13459:
13457:
13454:
13453:
13451:
13447:
13441:
13438:
13436:
13433:
13431:
13428:
13426:
13423:
13421:
13418:
13416:
13413:
13411:
13408:
13406:
13403:
13401:
13398:
13396:
13393:
13391:
13388:
13386:
13383:
13381:
13378:
13376:
13373:
13371:
13368:
13366:
13363:
13361:
13358:
13357:
13355:
13353:
13349:
13343:
13340:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13328:
13325:
13323:
13320:
13318:
13315:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13298:
13295:
13293:
13290:
13288:
13285:
13283:
13280:
13278:
13275:
13273:
13270:
13268:
13265:
13263:
13260:
13258:
13255:
13253:
13250:
13248:
13245:
13243:
13240:
13239:
13237:
13235:
13231:
13217:
13214:
13212:
13209:
13207:
13204:
13202:
13199:
13197:
13194:
13192:
13189:
13187:
13184:
13182:
13179:
13177:
13174:
13172:
13169:
13167:
13164:
13163:
13161:
13157:
13151:
13148:
13146:
13143:
13141:
13138:
13136:
13133:
13131:
13128:
13126:
13123:
13121:
13118:
13116:
13113:
13111:
13108:
13106:
13103:
13101:
13098:
13096:
13093:
13091:
13088:
13086:
13083:
13081:
13078:
13076:
13073:
13071:
13068:
13066:
13063:
13061:
13058:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13012:
13010:
13008:
13004:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12980:
12978:
12975:
12973:
12970:
12968:
12965:
12963:
12960:
12958:
12955:
12953:
12950:
12948:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12910:
12908:
12905:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12895:
12894:
12892:
12890:
12886:
12880:
12877:
12875:
12872:
12870:
12867:
12865:
12862:
12860:
12857:
12855:
12852:
12850:
12847:
12845:
12842:
12840:
12837:
12835:
12832:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12812:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12742:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12710:
12707:
12706:
12704:
12702:
12698:
12695:
12693:
12689:
12683:
12680:
12678:
12675:
12673:
12670:
12668:
12665:
12663:
12660:
12658:
12655:
12653:
12650:
12649:
12647:
12645:
12641:
12635:
12632:
12630:
12627:
12625:
12622:
12620:
12617:
12615:
12612:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12602:
12601:
12599:
12597:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12582:
12578:
12574:
12569:
12565:
12562:
12558:
12548:
12546:
12542:
12538:
12532:
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12504:
12502:
12499:
12497:
12494:
12492:
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12453:
12451:
12449:
12445:
12439:
12436:
12434:
12431:
12429:
12426:
12424:
12421:
12419:
12416:
12414:
12411:
12409:
12406:
12405:
12403:
12401:
12397:
12393:
12390:
12386:
12380:
12377:
12376:
12374:
12370:
12366:
12359:
12354:
12352:
12347:
12345:
12340:
12339:
12336:
12324:
12321:
12320:
12318:
12314:
12308:
12305:
12303:
12300:
12298:
12295:
12293:
12290:
12288:
12285:
12283:
12280:
12279:
12277:
12273:
12267:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12258:
12256:
12252:
12248:
12241:
12236:
12234:
12229:
12227:
12222:
12221:
12218:
12206:
12203:
12202:
12200:
12196:
12190:
12187:
12185:
12182:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12152:
12151:
12149:
12145:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12130:
12128:
12124:
12120:
12113:
12108:
12106:
12101:
12099:
12094:
12093:
12090:
12078:
12075:
12074:
12072:
12070:Sign language
12068:
12062:
12061:Baltic Romani
12059:
12057:
12056:West Polesian
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12041:Simple speech
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12023:
12021:
12017:
12010:
11999:
11991:
11988:
11986:
11983:
11982:
11980:
11976:
11972:
11965:
11960:
11958:
11953:
11951:
11946:
11945:
11942:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11916:
11912:
11904:
11903:Kalmyk script
11900:
11899:Buryat script
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11876:
11874:
11870:
11861:
11857:
11854:
11850:
11849:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11825:
11821:
11818:
11817:Eastern Mansi
11814:
11811:
11810:Western Mansi
11807:
11804:
11800:
11799:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11790:
11785:
11781:
11778:
11774:
11771:
11767:
11766:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11726:
11724:
11720:
11714:
11711:
11709:
11706:
11704:
11701:
11699:
11696:
11694:
11691:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11664:
11661:
11656:
11652:
11649:
11645:
11644:
11643:
11640:
11635:
11631:
11628:
11624:
11623:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11566:Crimean Tatar
11564:
11562:
11559:
11557:
11554:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11537:
11534:
11529:
11525:
11522:
11518:
11517:
11516:
11513:
11511:
11508:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11497:
11495:
11489:
11483:
11480:
11479:
11477:
11473:
11469:
11462:
11457:
11455:
11450:
11448:
11443:
11442:
11439:
11428:
11424:
11419:
11413:
11410:
11408:
11405:
11403:
11400:
11398:
11395:
11393:
11392:Meillet's law
11390:
11388:
11385:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11373:
11370:
11368:
11365:
11363:
11360:
11358:
11355:
11353:
11350:
11348:
11345:
11344:
11342:
11336:
11330:
11329:
11325:
11323:
11322:
11318:
11316:
11315:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11302:
11299:
11298:
11297:
11294:
11293:
11291:
11289:
11283:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11271:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11259:
11255:
11253:
11252:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11226:
11225:
11221:
11219:
11218:
11214:
11212:
11211:
11208:20th century
11206:
11204:
11201:
11200:
11198:
11196:
11192:
11180:
11177:
11176:
11175:
11172:
11170:
11167:
11163:
11160:
11159:
11158:
11155:
11154:
11152:
11150:
11146:
11140:
11137:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11127:Slavomolisano
11125:
11124:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11096:
11093:
11092:
11091:
11088:
11086:
11083:
11082:
11080:
11078:
11074:
11068:
11067:West Polesian
11065:
11063:
11060:
11056:
11053:
11052:
11051:
11048:
11047:
11045:
11043:
11039:
11036:
11032:
11028:
11016:
11013:
11012:
11011:
11010:Lower Sorbian
11008:
11006:
11005:Upper Sorbian
11003:
11002:
11000:
10998:
10994:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10972:
10971:
10970:West Lechitic
10968:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10955:
10954:
10951:
10945:
10944:
10940:
10939:
10938:
10935:
10931:
10930:
10929:Middle Polish
10926:
10924:
10923:
10919:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10908:
10907:
10904:
10903:
10901:
10900:
10898:
10896:
10892:
10882:
10879:
10878:
10877:
10874:
10872:
10871:
10867:
10866:
10865:
10862:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10847:
10843:
10841:
10840:
10836:
10834:
10831:
10830:
10829:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10821:
10817:
10814:
10812:
10808:
10798:
10795:
10791:
10790:Slavomolisano
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10767:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10760:
10759:Alpine Slavic
10756:
10755:
10753:
10751:
10747:
10741:
10738:
10737:
10735:
10733:
10729:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10714:
10712:
10710:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10697:
10689:
10688:Simple speech
10686:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10676:
10675:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10651:
10650:
10647:
10646:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10639:
10635:
10631:
10630:
10626:
10625:
10624:
10623:
10619:
10615:
10614:Simple speech
10612:
10611:
10610:
10607:
10606:
10604:
10602:
10598:
10592:
10591:
10587:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10569:
10568:
10565:
10562:
10558:
10557:
10553:
10551:
10550:
10546:
10544:
10543:
10539:
10538:
10536:
10534:
10530:
10526:
10519:
10514:
10512:
10507:
10505:
10500:
10499:
10496:
10484:
10483:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10458:
10456:
10452:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10438:
10437:
10435:
10431:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10419:Kuban Cossack
10417:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10406:
10404:
10400:
10392:
10387:
10384:
10380:
10375:
10372:
10368:
10364:
10359:
10356:
10355:
10353:
10349:
10345:
10338:
10333:
10331:
10326:
10324:
10319:
10318:
10315:
10309:
10302:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10266:
10264:
10260:
10254:
10253:United States
10251:
10247:
10244:
10243:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10213:
10211:
10209:
10205:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10154:
10152:
10146:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10129:
10128:
10125:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10112:
10111:
10108:
10104:
10101:
10100:
10099:
10096:
10095:
10093:
10091:
10087:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10070:Pushkin House
10068:
10067:
10065:
10063:
10059:
10051:
10048:
10047:
10046:
10043:
10039:
10038:Reduplication
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10025:
10024:
10021:
10020:
10018:
10014:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9972:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9962:
9960:
9956:
9950:
9949:Russification
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9918:
9914:
9907:
9902:
9900:
9895:
9893:
9888:
9887:
9884:
9874:
9871:
9865:
9862:
9859:
9856:
9855:
9843:
9838:
9834:
9830:
9826:
9821:
9820:
9808:
9801:
9797:
9794:
9790:
9787:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9775:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9763:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9751:
9748:
9744:
9740:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9728:
9725:
9722:
9721:
9716:
9715:
9714:
9712:
9704:
9698:
9694:
9690:
9686:
9685:Wade, Terence
9682:
9678:
9673:
9669:
9663:
9659:
9654:
9642:
9638:
9632:
9628:
9624:
9623:
9617:
9613:
9607:
9603:
9599:
9595:
9591:
9587:
9583:
9581:9781853594519
9577:
9573:
9568:
9564:
9562:9780415328647
9558:
9554:
9549:
9546:
9542:
9540:9781934078457
9536:
9532:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9518:
9512:
9508:
9503:
9499:
9493:
9489:
9484:
9483:
9477:
9473:
9469:
9464:
9463:
9458:
9457:
9456:
9455:
9431:
9427:
9423:
9416:
9400:
9396:
9390:
9374:
9370:
9366:
9358:
9351:
9347:
9344:
9339:
9337:
9320:
9316:
9308:
9292:
9288:
9280:
9264:
9260:
9251:
9235:
9231:
9222:
9206:
9202:
9193:
9177:
9173:
9164:
9148:
9144:
9140:
9134:
9132:
9115:
9111:
9102:
9100:
9098:
9089:
9082:
9072:
9068:
9065:
9060:
9045:
9039:
9035:
9034:
9026:
9024:
9015:
9013:9781107619395
9009:
9005:
8998:
8996:
8987:
8985:9789027257444
8981:
8977:
8971:
8963:
8957:
8953:
8949:
8942:
8926:
8922:
8918:
8912:
8902:
8898:
8895:
8894:
8888:
8880:
8876:
8872:
8868:
8864:
8860:
8853:
8837:
8833:
8829:
8823:
8821:
8811:
8795:
8791:
8787:
8781:
8773:
8766:
8758:
8754:
8750:
8746:
8745:
8740:
8733:
8717:
8713:
8709:
8702:
8686:
8682:
8680:0-9660283-0-9
8676:
8672:
8671:
8666:
8660:
8641:
8637:
8633:
8626:
8619:
8612:
8608:
8605:
8600:
8591:
8582:
8566:
8562:
8556:
8540:
8536:
8530:
8523:
8518:
8516:
8514:
8512:
8510:
8508:
8506:
8498:
8492:
8476:
8473:. Q-Success.
8472:
8468:
8461:
8454:
8441:
8437:
8433:
8429:
8423:
8404:
8397:
8391:
8375:
8371:
8365:
8349:
8345:
8339:
8330:
8314:
8310:
8304:
8297:
8293:
8290:
8285:
8269:
8265:
8257:
8241:
8237:
8236:
8231:
8224:
8205:
8198:
8192:
8176:
8172:
8165:
8146:
8139:
8133:
8131:
8114:
8110:
8106:
8100:
8081:
8074:
8068:
8060:
8054:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8036:
8032:
8031:
8026:
8022:
8019:
8014:
8003:
7999:
7992:
7986:
7967:
7960:
7954:
7938:
7934:
7928:
7912:
7908:
7904:
7898:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7868:
7852:
7848:
7847:
7842:
7836:
7820:
7816:
7812:
7806:
7790:
7786:
7782:
7776:
7768:
7764:
7760:
7754:
7738:
7734:
7728:
7720:
7716:
7712:
7706:
7698:
7694:
7690:
7683:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7661:
7650:
7646:
7639:
7632:
7621:
7614:
7607:
7599:
7595:
7591:
7584:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7554:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7532:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7509:
7493:
7489:
7483:
7475:
7471:
7466:
7459:
7443:
7439:
7433:
7417:
7413:
7407:
7392:on 2 May 2012
7391:
7387:
7381:
7365:
7364:
7359:
7353:
7337:
7333:
7332:
7327:
7321:
7305:
7301:
7295:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7269:
7262:
7256:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7222:
7202:
7195:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7167:
7150:
7146:
7142:
7136:
7120:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7103:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7078:
7073:
7066:
7050:
7046:
7040:
7038:
7036:
7034:
7032:
7030:
7022:
7017:
7010:
7004:
6997:
6991:
6976:
6972:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6943:
6941:
6939:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6907:
6901:
6900:1-85359-362-1
6897:
6893:
6889:
6886:
6885:
6878:
6862:
6858:
6854:
6847:
6828:
6824:
6817:
6810:
6791:
6784:
6778:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6742:
6735:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6705:
6698:
6693:
6685:
6681:
6675:
6669:, p. 17.
6668:
6663:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6633:
6626:
6613:
6609:
6603:
6596:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6565:
6549:
6545:
6541:
6535:
6528:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6501:
6499:
6482:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6466:
6450:
6446:
6440:
6434:, p. 13.
6433:
6428:
6421:
6416:
6408:
6404:
6400:
6391:
6375:
6371:
6365:
6358:
6353:
6344:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6313:
6297:
6293:
6289:
6283:
6276:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6246:
6239:
6227:
6223:
6222:fujian.gov.cn
6219:
6212:
6204:
6200:
6197:
6192:
6176:
6172:
6166:
6150:
6146:
6140:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6110:
6108:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6069:
6065:
6059:
6043:
6039:
6033:
6017:
6013:
6007:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5977:
5961:
5957:
5950:
5948:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5916:
5914:
5897:
5893:
5886:
5884:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5853:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5823:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5792:
5777:on 2 May 2007
5776:
5772:
5768:
5762:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5705:
5700:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5658:
5652:
5643:
5642:Russkiy yazyk
5631:
5624:
5618:
5616:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5579:
5563:
5559:
5551:
5532:
5525:
5520:
5516:
5502:
5498:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5477:
5473:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5434:
5429:
5426:
5415:
5412:
5411:Russia portal
5401:
5393:
5389:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5175:
5165:
5157:
5145:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4977:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4743:Pronunciation
4742:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4731:
4707:
4690:
4682:
4672:
4671:Nikolai Gogol
4662:
4652:
4642:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4633:War and Peace
4629:
4625:
4621:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4476:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4350:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4322:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4264:Indo-European
4254:
4245:
4241:
4238:This section
4236:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4214:
4212:
4184:
4179:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4076:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4038:
4030:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3496:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3466:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3422:
3412:
3402:
3392:
3382:
3372:
3362:
3352:
3342:
3332:
3322:
3312:
3302:
3293:– "castle"),
3292:
3282:
3272:
3266:знак ударения
3262:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3188:
3178:
3169:
3165:
3142:
2950:
2945:
2936:
2931:
2922:
2917:
2908:
2903:
2894:
2889:
2880:
2875:
2866:
2861:
2852:
2847:
2838:
2833:
2824:
2819:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2780:
2775:
2766:
2761:
2752:
2747:
2738:
2733:
2724:
2719:
2710:
2705:
2696:
2691:
2682:
2677:
2668:
2663:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2633:
2624:
2619:
2610:
2605:
2596:
2591:
2582:
2577:
2568:
2563:
2554:
2549:
2540:
2535:
2526:
2521:
2512:
2507:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2470:Ivan Fyodorov
2467:
2466:Alphabet book
2462:
2457:
2453:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2393:, an extinct
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2348:Bering Island
2345:
2342:, an extinct
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:, a criminal
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2241:
2234:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2093:
2084:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2062:
2052:
2041:
2031:
2021:
2012:(Don) dialect
2011:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1958:
1948:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1916:Pomor dialect
1913:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1669:San Francisco
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1649:New York City
1646:
1641:
1638:voyaged into
1637:
1631:
1624:North America
1621:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1585:lingua franca
1582:
1577:
1574:
1573:lingua franca
1570:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1493:lingua franca
1490:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1464:and in other
1463:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1364:lingua franca
1360:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1312:— 97.2%, for
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1177:
1169:
1164:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1135:Prior to the
1133:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:of the wider
993:
983:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
938:
934:
930:
926:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
871:Baltic states
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:lingua franca
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
817:
813:
810:. It was the
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
783:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
763:
762:
757:
753:
749:
746:
745:Linguist List
741:
737:
733:
730:
725:
720:
715:
712:
707:
702:
697:
694:
689:
684:
681:
678:
676:
672:
665:
653:
641:
629:
617:
605:
593:
582:
581:
573:
565:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
509:
498:
497:
494:Organizations
481:
470:
467:(co-official)
465:
464:South Ossetia
454:
451:(co-official)
449:
438:
437:
436:
435:
432:
417:(co-official)
415:
404:
403:
401:
390:
385:(co-official)
383:
380:
377:(co-official)
375:
364:
363:
361:
350:
346:
341:
330:
329:
328:
327:
324:
308:
297:
294:(co-official)
292:
281:
277:(co-official)
275:
264:
261:(co-official)
259:
248:
243:
232:
231:
230:
229:
226:
220:
214:
209:
206:
201:
197:
194:
190:
184:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
164:
161:
160:
159:
155:
149:
137:
134:
133:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
118:
117:
116:Indo-European
113:
109:
103:
99:
94:
91:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
65:
59:
55:
53:Pronunciation
51:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
17574:of Knowledge
17569:
17552:
17535:
17518:
17506:from Commons
17501:
17484:
17463:
17425:
17197:Demographics
17187:Antisemitism
17040:Central Bank
16958:Forced labor
16906:Spetsnaz GRU
16726:organisation
16634:Human rights
16583:Constitution
16466:Subdivisions
16344:Russian SFSR
16300:Soviet Union
16192:
16146:Coat of arms
16106:Martial arts
16014:Army culture
16004:Architecture
15974:Witch trials
15929:Prostitution
15875:Human rights
15808:Demographics
15722:Trade unions
15692:Shipbuilding
15652:Homelessness
15612:Central Bank
15607:Car industry
15446:Conservatism
15356:Constitution
15351:Conscription
15024:Eastern Bloc
15014:Soviet Union
15007:Russian SFSR
14937:Feudal Rus'
14761:
14705:Non-official
14598:GX = Guangxi
14586:
14584:Tibetan Sign
14574:
14560:Chinese Sign
14426:Creole/Mixed
14295:Southeastern
14283:Southwestern
14246:Northeastern
14231:Varieties of
14189:
12265:
12137:
11989:
11889:Latin script
11792:Komi-Permyak
11481:
11422:
11412:Winter's law
11372:Havlík's law
11326:
11319:
11312:
11268:
11256:
11249:
11224:Mednyj Aleut
11222:
11215:
11207:
11077:South Slavic
11034:and dialects
10941:
10927:
10920:
10868:
10844:
10839:Czechoslovak
10837:
10820:Czech-Slovak
10757:
10732:Transitional
10700:South Slavic
10643:
10636:
10627:
10620:
10588:
10556:Proto-Slavic
10554:
10547:
10540:
10480:
10172:Mednyj Aleut
9912:
9877:(in Russian)
9868:(in Russian)
9832:
9828:
9806:
9791:Филин Ф. П.
9710:
9688:
9676:
9657:
9645:. Retrieved
9621:
9593:
9571:
9552:
9530:
9506:
9481:
9467:
9434:. Retrieved
9425:
9415:
9403:. Retrieved
9389:
9377:. Retrieved
9369:Demoscope.ru
9368:
9357:
9323:. Retrieved
9307:
9295:. Retrieved
9279:
9267:. Retrieved
9255:Арефьев, А.
9250:
9238:. Retrieved
9226:Арефьев, А.
9221:
9209:. Retrieved
9197:Арефьев, А.
9192:
9180:. Retrieved
9163:
9151:. Retrieved
9142:
9118:. Retrieved
9106:Арефьев, А.
9081:
9075:(in Russian)
9059:
9047:. Retrieved
9032:
9003:
8975:
8970:
8947:
8941:
8929:. Retrieved
8925:the original
8920:
8911:
8905:(in Russian)
8892:
8887:
8862:
8858:
8852:
8840:. Retrieved
8832:www.rbth.com
8831:
8810:
8798:. Retrieved
8789:
8780:
8765:
8751:(4): 85–91.
8748:
8742:
8732:
8720:. Retrieved
8701:
8689:. Retrieved
8669:
8659:
8647:. Retrieved
8640:the original
8635:
8631:
8618:
8599:
8590:
8581:
8569:. Retrieved
8555:
8543:. Retrieved
8529:
8496:
8491:
8479:. Retrieved
8470:
8460:
8451:
8444:. Retrieved
8422:
8410:. Retrieved
8403:the original
8390:
8378:. Retrieved
8364:
8352:. Retrieved
8338:
8329:
8317:. Retrieved
8303:
8284:
8272:. Retrieved
8268:the original
8256:
8244:. Retrieved
8233:
8223:
8211:. Retrieved
8191:
8179:. Retrieved
8164:
8152:. Retrieved
8145:the original
8117:. Retrieved
8109:The Guardian
8108:
8099:
8087:. Retrieved
8080:the original
8067:
8050:
8042:
8028:
8013:
8002:the original
7997:
7985:
7973:. Retrieved
7953:
7941:. Retrieved
7927:
7915:. Retrieved
7906:
7897:
7885:. Retrieved
7876:
7867:
7855:. Retrieved
7844:
7835:
7823:. Retrieved
7814:
7805:
7793:. Retrieved
7784:
7775:
7763:demoscope.ru
7762:
7753:
7741:. Retrieved
7727:
7714:
7705:
7692:
7682:
7669:
7660:
7644:
7631:
7620:the original
7606:
7593:
7583:
7571:. Retrieved
7567:the original
7562:
7553:
7540:
7531:
7518:
7508:
7496:. Retrieved
7482:
7469:
7458:
7446:. Retrieved
7432:
7420:. Retrieved
7406:
7394:. Retrieved
7390:the original
7380:
7368:. Retrieved
7361:
7352:
7340:. Retrieved
7329:
7320:
7308:. Retrieved
7304:the original
7275:. Retrieved
7255:
7243:demoscope.ru
7242:
7208:. Retrieved
7201:the original
7153:. Retrieved
7149:the original
7135:
7123:. Retrieved
7112:
7102:
7090:. Retrieved
7075:
7065:
7053:. Retrieved
7020:
7016:
7008:
7003:
6995:
6990:
6979:, retrieved
6952:
6925:. Retrieved
6916:
6906:
6883:
6877:
6865:. Retrieved
6857:academia.edu
6856:
6846:
6834:. Retrieved
6822:
6809:
6797:. Retrieved
6777:
6744:
6740:
6734:
6723:
6704:
6692:
6674:
6662:
6650:. Retrieved
6642:Statista.com
6641:
6632:
6623:
6616:. Retrieved
6602:
6593:
6586:. Retrieved
6564:
6552:. Retrieved
6548:the original
6543:
6534:
6527:geopolitics.
6525:
6518:. Retrieved
6485:. Retrieved
6474:
6465:
6453:. Retrieved
6439:
6427:
6415:
6402:
6390:
6378:. Retrieved
6364:
6352:
6343:
6322:
6318:
6312:
6300:. Retrieved
6291:
6282:
6274:
6267:. Retrieved
6258:
6245:
6237:
6230:. Retrieved
6221:
6211:
6191:
6179:. Retrieved
6165:
6153:. Retrieved
6147:. Vlada.cz.
6139:
6127:. Retrieved
6094:. Retrieved
6085:
6076:
6068:the original
6058:
6046:. Retrieved
6042:the original
6032:
6020:. Retrieved
6016:the original
6006:
5994:. Retrieved
5985:
5976:
5964:. Retrieved
5934:. Retrieved
5925:
5900:. Retrieved
5870:. Retrieved
5861:
5852:
5840:. Retrieved
5836:the original
5831:
5822:
5810:. Retrieved
5806:the original
5801:
5791:
5779:. Retrieved
5775:the original
5770:
5761:
5749:. Retrieved
5740:
5731:
5714:
5666:
5636:Русский язык
5630:
5578:
5566:. Retrieved
5550:
5538:. Retrieved
5518:
5505:. Retrieved
5485:
5481:
5476:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5378:
5377:
5368:romanization
5365:
5361:
5353:
5351:
5166:total number
5118:Soviet Union
5102:
5031:
4994:
4980:
4966:
4942:
4918:
4894:
4870:
4846:
4822:
4798:
4777:
4772:Zímnij véčer
4771:
4770:
4756:
4740:Russian text
4727:
4638:
4631:
4624:Pyótr Velíky
4623:
4617:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4555:
4447:
4424:
4361:
4353:
4323:
4320:
4308:inheritance;
4291:
4285:
4271:inflectional
4261:
4248:
4244:adding to it
4239:
4188:
4026:
3506:
3499:The Russian
3498:
3482:
3481:"Was it the
3478:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3360:
3350:
3340:
3330:
3320:
3310:
3300:
3290:
3283:– "lock") –
3280:
3261:acute accent
3258:
3236:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3190:
3167:
3163:
2962:
2479:
2276:Proto-Slavic
2273:
2254:, and final
2213:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2163:
2160:Proto-Slavic
2158:in place of
2124:
2104:
2081:dialects of
1888:
1884:Apollo–Soyuz
1873:
1756:
1729:Soviet Union
1653:Philadelphia
1633:
1615:
1608:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1569:Turkmenistan
1566:
1554:
1543:
1527:
1516:
1508:Heilongjiang
1497:
1492:
1486:
1475:
1459:
1401:
1390:
1374:
1362:
1356:
1329:
1322:
1305:ethnic Poles
1290:
1206:
1182:
1150:
1145:
1134:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1083:
1048:
989:
970:words (e.g.
964:acute accent
922:
879:
867:Central Asia
823:Soviet Union
815:
811:
800:Balto-Slavic
791:
790:
776:Linguasphere
759:
480:Transnistria
344:
168:Proto-Slavic
135:
121:Balto-Slavic
45:русский язык
32:
28:Great Russia
17486:Definitions
17301:Phraseology
17246:Prohibition
17234:Linguistics
17219:Drug policy
17212:1989 census
17133:Cybernetics
17035:Agriculture
16948:Great Purge
16910:Soviet Navy
16902:Soviet Army
16774:(1989–1991)
16768:(1938–1991)
16762:(1922–1936)
16746:Secretariat
16617:Gun control
16524:Caspian Sea
16508:Closed city
16437:Dissolution
16422:Perestroika
16364:Great Purge
16198:tea culture
16051:Fairy tales
15914:Open access
15887:Immigration
15848:Gun control
15587:Agriculture
15556:Term limits
15466:Martial law
15461:Nationalism
15456:Irredentism
15451:Imperialism
15234:Caspian Sea
15150:Environment
15145:Earthquakes
15041:Union State
15029:Dissolution
14928:Kievan Rus'
14918:Early Slavs
14689:Palestinian
14092:Fuyu Kyrgyz
13891:Tai Hongjin
13577:Muak Sa-aak
12292:Sart Kalmyk
11678:Yakut/Sakha
11541:Azerbaijani
11387:Ivšić's law
11314:Army Slavic
11301:Interslavic
11286:Constructed
11149:West Slavic
11042:East Slavic
10811:West Slavic
10780:Montenegrin
10601:East Slavic
10409:Don Cossack
10363:Lake Peipus
9970:Orthography
9600:, England:
8931:16 February
8842:16 February
8800:28 November
8571:10 November
8545:10 November
8370:"Ninilchik"
7975:21 November
7887:21 November
7573:28 December
7498:21 November
7300:"Languages"
6981:16 February
6554:17 February
6432:Isurin 2011
6269:18 December
6022:16 February
5986:Gagauzia.md
5842:16 February
5682:in Ukraine.
5568:13 November
5388:in English:
5358:in Russian:
5348:Sample text
5215: 10.2
5178:population,
5170:of Russian,
5168:of speakers
5160:population,
5140:population,
5090:160,000,000
5079:255,000,000
5073:145,000,000
5062:275,000,000
5056:145,000,000
5045:285,000,000
5039:160,000,000
5024:Total rank
5018:Native rank
4628:Leo Tolstoy
4604:East Slavic
4585:Old Russian
4561:Old Russian
4301:foundation;
4297:a polished
4251:August 2014
4191:/i,u,e,o,a/
3952:Approximant
3467:– "Did you
3413:, "guru"),
3249:Orthography
3207:('mouse'),
3164:ultra-short
2274:During the
2207:palatalized
2153:diphthongal
2131:Volga River
2075: [
2064: [
1937:Arkhangelsk
1721:Russophones
1661:Los Angeles
1611:Afghanistan
1602:. See also
1600:Israel Plus
1462:Warsaw Pact
1397:2002 census
1265: [
1262:2011 census
1194:New Zealand
1008:East Slavic
1004:Kievan Rus'
968:homographic
152:Early forms
131:East Slavic
17584:Categories
17554:Phrasebook
17520:Quotations
17341:Opposition
17331:Television
17311:Propaganda
17284:Literature
17158:Naukograds
17153:Sharashkas
17087:(currency)
17065:Inventions
17008:Censorship
16938:Red Terror
16622:Government
16496:Autonomous
16479:Autonomous
16412:Stagnation
16375:Evacuation
16203:Television
16178:Philosophy
16111:Mass media
16101:Literature
16096:Inventions
15858:Healthcare
15793:Corruption
15783:Censorship
15674:(currency)
15551:Separatism
15496:Opposition
15481:Neo-Nazism
15471:Monarchism
15441:Liberalism
15436:Propaganda
15396:Government
15263:North Asia
15064:Journalism
14923:East Slavs
14913:Sarmatians
14835:See also:
14815:Kafr Qasem
14613:XZ = Tibet
14604:MC = Macau
14544:Zhangzhung
14288:Sichuanese
14215:Vietnamese
13612:Hmong-Mien
13491:Waxianghua
13272:Khroskyabs
12560:Indigenous
12448:Prefecture
12423:Portuguese
12031:Lithuanian
11985:Belarusian
11377:Hirt's law
11367:Dybo's law
11338:Historical
11251:Russenorsk
11230:Ponaschemu
11122:Shtokavian
11062:Podlachian
10963:Slovincian
10953:Pomeranian
10922:Old Polish
10722:Macedonian
10609:Belarusian
10482:Russenorsk
10269:Russophone
10221:Azerbaijan
10183:Russenorsk
10179:(Olbanian)
10062:Literature
10028:Declension
10002:Morse code
9944:In Ukraine
9717:In Russian
9459:In English
9436:6 December
9405:6 December
9143:Mof.gov.cy
8722:28 January
8213:2 December
8154:1 November
8119:28 October
8089:31 October
8052:Ethnologue
7541:Eng.LSM.lv
7342:2 February
7210:16 October
7194:"Введение"
7125:23 January
6347:Since 1990
6292:Ruslang.ru
6259:moe.gov.cn
6232:28 October
6196:Article 10
6181:22 January
6096:28 January
5926:365info.kz
5716:Ethnologue
5690:References
5670:Including
5647:pronounced
5588:Sevastopol
5521:. Vol 32,
5507:25 January
5486:rossiyskiy
5335: 1.8
5315: 2.1
5295: 2.3
5275: 5.4
5255: 6.0
5235: 8.8
5195: 8.4
5146:population
4730:media help
4550:See also:
4520:Wiktionary
4344:Vocabulary
4299:vernacular
4286:morphology
4211:allophones
3511:Consonants
3453:– "Was it
3311:stoyáshchy
3301:stóyashchy
2426:Belarusian
2391:Russenorsk
2284:Belarusian
2237:semivowel
2230:fricative
2205:following
2059: 13.
2053:influences
2051:Belarusian
2038: 11.
2028: 10.
1828:World Bank
1745:Russophone
1743:See also:
1628:See also:
1581:Uzbekistan
1557:Tajikistan
1546:Kyrgyzstan
1530:Kazakhstan
1489:Azerbaijan
1314:Ukrainians
1020:Belarusian
847:Tajikistan
843:Kyrgyzstan
839:Kazakhstan
340:Uzbekistan
307:Tajikistan
291:Kyrgyzstan
274:Kazakhstan
17537:Textbooks
17402:Republics
17390:Republics
17378:Republics
17229:Languages
17093:Transport
16975:Holodomor
16868:Militsiya
16806:President
16698:Stalinism
16600:Elections
16474:Republics
16457:Geography
16447:Nostalgia
16359:Stalinism
16061:Festivals
15954:Sociology
15904:Languages
15823:Education
15727:Transport
15561:Terrorism
15406:Judiciary
15400:Apparatus
15366:Elections
15331:Anarchism
15305:Far North
15256:Volcanoes
15241:Mountains
15118:Geography
14997:Civil war
14908:Scythians
14805:Ghardaian
14800:Ein Mahel
14790:Al-Sayyid
14785:Al-Atrash
14524:Tocharian
14458:Qoqmončaq
14410:Cantonese
14364:Shaojiang
14337:Hainanese
14266:Zhongyuan
14261:Jiao-Liao
14195:Esperanto
14097:Ili Turki
13804:Khamnigan
13669:Kiong Nai
13440:Zitsadegu
12418:Mongolian
12408:Cantonese
12287:Koryo-mar
12179:Ukrainian
12051:Ukrainian
12046:Trasianka
11713:Ukrainian
11683:Tabasaran
11581:Kabardian
11425:indicate
11340:phonology
11288:languages
11276:Trasianka
11102:Kajkavian
11090:Chakavian
11015:Schleifer
10958:Kashubian
10740:Torlakian
10717:Bulgarian
10673:Ukrainian
10638:Ruthenian
10466:Trasianka
10461:Dagestani
10445:Doukhobor
10391:Astrakhan
10198:Trasianka
10120:Trasianka
10075:Formalism
10045:Phonology
9825:"Russian"
9598:Cambridge
8879:123427088
8691:4 October
8649:4 October
8613:, EZ Glot
7998:europa.eu
7943:27 August
7277:6 October
7092:6 January
6761:0041-977X
6506:"Russian"
6455:10 August
6445:"Russian"
6329:: 83–85.
5872:9 January
5695:Citations
5680:Ukrainian
5540:7 January
5138:worldwide
4507:1998–2009
4493:1999–2013
4477:1950–1965
4459:1934–1940
4436:1880–1882
4399:1806–1822
4385:1789–1794
4281:a highly
4267:synthetic
3815:voiceless
3810:Fricative
3768:Affricate
3658:voiceless
3489:Phonology
3386:отре́зать
3376:отреза́ть
3227:Computing
2422:Trasianka
2399:Norwegian
2318:Esperanto
2288:Ukrainian
2244:/x⁓xv⁓xw/
2083:Ukrainian
2061:Slobozhan
2018: 9.
2008: 8.
1997: 7.
1988: 6.
1975: 5.
1965: 4.
1955: 3.
1945: 2.
1935: 1.
1709:Cleveland
1689:Baltimore
1665:Nashville
1466:countries
1359:Lithuania
1040:Bulgarian
1032:Trasianka
1016:Ukrainian
948:reduction
944:consonant
761:Glottolog
729:ISO 639-3
711:ISO 639-2
693:ISO 639-1
17445:Category
16998:Religion
16885:Chairmen
16731:Congress
16693:Leninism
16673:Propiska
16568:Politics
16427:Glasnost
16387:Cold War
16327:February
16253:Category
16131:Nobility
16091:Internet
16086:Heraldry
16081:Graffiti
16066:Folklore
16009:Armorial
15939:Religion
15924:Polygamy
15863:HIV/AIDS
15843:Funerals
15833:Feminism
15803:Deafness
15788:Citizens
15778:Cannabis
15763:Abortion
15707:Taxation
15647:Gambling
15637:Forestry
15486:Military
15319:Politics
15300:Wildlife
15246:Caucasus
15209:Glaciers
15089:Military
15074:Internet
15052:By topic
14946:Vladimir
14941:Novgorod
14895:Timeline
14747:Romanian
14661:Official
14468:Tangwang
14448:Macanese
14443:Lingling
14376:Northern
14359:Northern
14322:Southern
14241:Mandarin
14168:Minority
14128:Sarikoli
14041:Tungusic
14002:Naxi Yao
13947:Cao Miao
13871:Ningming
13771:Mongolic
13747:Dzao Min
13742:Biao Min
13699:Qo Xiong
13694:Pingtang
13390:Dongwang
13332:Tshobdun
13257:Guiqiong
12859:Sangkong
12634:Muangphe
12596:Mondzish
12550:numerous
12541:Counties
12388:Regional
12372:Official
12026:Armenian
11879:Cyrillic
11847:Yukaghir
11754:Karelian
11668:Ossetian
11321:Iazychie
11245:Runglish
11203:Balachka
11174:Silesian
11132:Bunjevac
10980:Polabian
10937:Silesian
10916:dialects
10911:Masurian
10895:Lechitic
10852:Moravian
10775:Croatian
10678:dialects
10649:dialects
10476:Runglish
10433:Colonial
10386:Southern
10379:Siberian
10374:Northern
10351:Regional
10284:Runglish
10132:Balachka
10127:Southern
10098:Northern
10090:Dialects
10016:Features
9965:Alphabet
9796:Archived
9774:Archived
9762:Archived
9750:Archived
9739:Archived
9727:Archived
9641:Archived
9430:Archived
9399:Archived
9373:Archived
9346:Archived
9325:23 April
9319:Archived
9297:23 April
9291:Archived
9263:Archived
9234:Archived
9205:Archived
9176:Archived
9147:Archived
9114:Archived
9067:Archived
8952:Academia
8897:Archived
8836:Archived
8794:Archived
8716:Archived
8685:Archived
8667:(1997).
8607:Archived
8565:Archived
8539:Archived
8475:Archived
8453:Russian.
8440:Archived
8374:Archived
8348:Archived
8313:Archived
8292:Archived
8240:Archived
8204:Archived
8175:Archived
8113:Archived
8021:Archived
7966:Archived
7937:Archived
7911:Archived
7881:Archived
7857:7 August
7851:Archived
7825:7 August
7819:Archived
7795:22 March
7789:Archived
7767:Archived
7743:23 April
7737:Archived
7719:Archived
7697:Archived
7674:Archived
7649:Archived
7598:Archived
7545:Archived
7523:Archived
7492:Archived
7474:Archived
7448:7 August
7442:Archived
7416:Archived
7336:Archived
7310:26 April
7268:Archived
7247:Archived
7119:Archived
7086:Archived
7055:23 April
7049:Archived
6975:archived
6921:Archived
6888:Archived
6861:Archived
6827:Archived
6790:Archived
6712:(1911).
6684:Archived
6652:12 April
6646:Archived
6612:Archived
6595:Russian.
6582:Archived
6514:Archived
6481:Archived
6449:Archived
6407:Archived
6374:Archived
6335:41049661
6296:Archived
6263:Archived
6226:Archived
6199:Archived
6175:Archived
6149:Archived
6123:Archived
6090:Archived
5990:Archived
5960:Archived
5930:Archived
5896:Archived
5866:Archived
5745:Archived
5562:Archived
5531:Archived
5501:Archived
5397:See also
5122:Russians
5059:8 (2005)
4997:Russians
4518:Russian
4510:≈130,000
4496:≈200,000
4338:prefixes
4283:fusional
4275:leveling
3541:alveolar
3529:Alveolar
3501:syllable
3351:mólodets
3346:мо́лодец
3341:molodéts
3336:молоде́ц
3306:стоя́щий
3296:сто́ящий
3160:⟩
3154:⟨
3150:⟩
3144:⟨
3129:⟩
3123:⟨
3119:⟩
3113:⟨
3109:⟩
3103:⟨
3091:⟩
3085:⟨
3081:⟩
3075:⟨
3067:⟩
3061:⟨
3057:⟩
3051:⟨
3043:⟩
3037:⟨
3033:⟩
3027:⟨
3019:⟩
3013:⟨
3009:⟩
3003:⟨
2999:⟩
2993:⟨
2981:⟩
2975:⟨
2971:⟩
2965:⟨
2482:Cyrillic
2446:Alphabet
2436:Nganasan
2409:and the
2407:Finnmark
2403:Russians
2385:Runglish
2312:Cossacks
2300:Balachka
2120:Southern
2112:Northern
2107:leveling
2105:Despite
2092:Balachka
2040:Smolensk
1977:Vladimir
1957:Novgorod
1902:Dialects
1697:Portland
1425:services
1310:Russians
1234:by raion
933:phonemes
918:Internet
863:Caucasus
812:de facto
808:Russians
782:53-AAA-e
768:russ1263
628:Slovakia
448:Abkhazia
374:Gagauzia
196:Cyrillic
17366:Symbols
17279:Fashion
17261:Culture
17175:Society
17120:Science
17085:Rouble
17027:Economy
17003:Science
16813:Premier
16794:Offices
16656:Leaders
16576:General
16544:Siberia
16517:Regions
16491:Oblasts
16332:October
16309:History
16244:Outline
16056:Fashion
16046:Fashion
16034:Cuisine
15996:Culture
15984:in army
15969:Wedding
15964:Suicide
15959:Smoking
15944:Slavery
15919:Orphans
15892:Illegal
15768:Alcohol
15751:Society
15717:Tourism
15597:Banking
15575:Economy
15420:Prisons
15268:Siberia
15224:Islands
15204:Geology
15140:Climate
15130:Borders
15094:Outline
15069:Judaism
15059:Economy
14886:History
14825:Russian
14810:Israeli
14795:El-Naim
14780:Abu Kaf
14757:Yiddish
14752:Russian
14742:Kurdish
14722:English
14712:Amharic
14694:Bedouin
14539:Xianbei
14534:Tuyuhun
14504:Old Yue
14482:Extinct
14463:Sanqiao
14354:Central
14344:Eastern
14327:Hokkien
14271:Lan-Yin
14251:Beijing
14233:Chinese
14190:Russian
13952:Chadong
13932:Ai-Cham
13901:Tai Nüa
13886:Tai Dón
13881:Tai Dam
13839:Kra-Dai
13809:Monguor
13799:Kangjia
13757:Kim Mun
13752:Iu Mien
13674:Luobohe
13664:Huishui
13644:Guiyang
13621:Hmongic
13582:Palaung
13572:Man Met
13476:Longjia
13425:Ladakhi
13420:Kyirong
13410:Khalong
13395:Drugchu
13352:Tibetic
13322:Shixing
13234:Qiangic
13015:Alingpo
13007:Nisoish
12992:Yangliu
12987:Xuzhang
12917:Laizisi
12912:Kuamasi
12907:Kua-nsi
12889:Lisoish
12869:Tsukong
12809:Laomian
12734:Baihong
12701:Hanoish
12692:Loloish
12677:Lhao Vo
12672:Chashan
12657:Xiandao
12644:Burmish
12587:Burmese
12545:Banners
12501:Tai Nüa
12428:Tibetan
12413:English
12266:Russian
12174:Turkish
12138:Russian
11990:Russian
11872:Scripts
11749:Finnish
11729:Chukchi
11698:Tsakhur
11642:Mordvin
11561:Chuvash
11556:Chechen
11546:Bashkir
11482:Russian
11423:Italics
11308:Lydnevi
11264:Surzhyk
10997:Sorbian
10846:Knaanic
10797:Slovene
10785:Serbian
10770:Bosnian
10750:Western
10709:Eastern
10644:Russian
10533:History
10471:Surzhyk
10440:Alaskan
10358:Central
10246:History
10241:Ukraine
10226:Belarus
10216:Armenia
10193:Surzhyk
10137:Surzhyk
10110:Central
10033:Animacy
10023:Grammar
10007:Braille
9992:Cursive
9980:Reforms
9958:Writing
9921:History
9449:Sources
9379:18 June
9269:18 June
9240:18 June
9211:18 June
9182:18 June
9153:18 June
9120:18 June
8481:17 June
8471:W3Techs
8412:18 June
8380:18 June
8354:12 July
8319:11 July
8181:22 June
8047:Russian
8018:Georgia
7693:Reuters
6722:(ed.).
6618:16 July
6588:18 July
6048:5 April
5996:18 June
5812:18 June
5781:18 June
5751:18 June
5711:Russian
5676:dialect
5482:russkiy
5173:million
5155:million
5143:billion
4527:442,533
4482:120,480
4472:Ozhegov
4454:Ushakov
4439:195,844
4416:114,749
4330:aspects
4217:Grammar
4203:/ɨ,u,a/
4199:/i,u,a/
4094:Central
3546:Palatal
3416:Гарси́я
3391:otrézat
3381:otrezát
3221:Unicode
3168:reduced
3101:); and
2438:on the
2416:Surzhyk
2379:lexicon
2362:padonki
2220:yakanye
2193:In the
2168:/o⁓u̯ɔ/
2162: *
2156:/e⁓i̯ɛ/
2116:Central
2042:dialect
2032:dialect
2022:dialect
2001:dialect
1979:dialect
1969:dialect
1959:dialect
1949:dialect
1947:Olonets
1939:dialect
1701:Chicago
1685:Calgary
1681:Toronto
1677:Spokane
1673:Seattle
1618:Vietnam
1519:Georgia
1478:Armenia
1404:Ukraine
1377:Moldova
1348:Latvian
1325:Estonia
1293:Belarus
1281:Ukraine
1246:Estonia
1226:Belarus
1071:Persian
1028:Surzhyk
937:palatal
927:of the
916:on the
894:Eurasia
859:Moldova
855:Ukraine
835:Belarus
829:of the
816:de jure
792:Russian
652:Ukraine
640:Moldova
604:Armenia
592:Romania
483:(state)
400:Ukraine
360:Moldova
347:status)
345:de jure
258:Belarus
245:(state)
136:Russian
38:Russian
17385:Emblem
17373:Anthem
17321:Sports
17274:Cinema
17269:Ballet
17251:Racism
17224:Family
16714:Bodies
16302:topics
16258:Portal
16213:Sports
16141:Anthem
16029:Cinema
16024:Ballet
15934:Racism
15897:Labour
15853:Health
15818:Doping
15672:Ruble
15657:Mining
15627:Energy
15290:Rivers
15199:Fjords
15099:Postal
14951:Moscow
14877:Russia
14763:others
14737:Ladino
14732:German
14727:French
14717:Domari
14684:Arabic
14668:Hebrew
14519:Tangut
14509:Rouran
14499:Khitan
14489:Ba–Shu
14453:Maojia
14438:Hezhou
14349:Puxian
14332:Teoswa
14217:(Kinh)
14185:Kyrgyz
14180:Korean
14175:Kazakh
14079:Turkic
14064:Oroqen
14054:Manchu
14049:Evenki
14017:Qabiao
14007:Ong Be
13992:Maonan
13982:Lakkja
13972:Jiamao
13942:Buyang
13906:Tai Ya
13896:Tai Lü
13856:Bouyei
13848:Zhuang
13829:Torgut
13784:Buryat
13734:Mienic
13724:Younuo
13704:Raojia
13684:Pa-Hng
13679:Mashan
13649:Hm Nai
13634:Bu-Nao
13629:A-Hmao
13552:Bumang
13471:Jingpo
13466:Derung
13461:Caijia
13435:Zhongu
13405:Gserpa
13297:Namuyi
13267:Japhug
13216:Zauzou
13191:Namuyi
13176:Kucong
13150:Zokhuo
13145:Thopho
13125:Phupha
13110:Phukha
13055:Khlula
12997:Zibusi
12982:Toloza
12977:Sonaga
12962:Mangdi
12957:Lolopo
12902:Hlersu
12839:Phana’
12834:Nuomei
12814:Laopin
12749:Bukong
12724:Angluo
12652:Achang
12629:Mondzi
12531:Zhuang
12506:Tai Lü
12496:Kazakh
12491:Kyrgyz
12476:Korean
12466:Bouyei
12438:Zhuang
12433:Uyghur
12302:Uyghur
12282:Dungan
12261:Kyrgyz
12184:Uyghur
12164:Tajiki
12159:German
12154:Dungan
12133:Kazakh
12036:Polish
11837:Selkup
11832:Nenets
11764:Khanty
11759:Kazakh
11744:Evenki
11734:Dolgan
11708:Udmurt
11655:Moksha
11634:Meadow
11616:Lezgin
11596:Khakas
11586:Kalmyk
11576:Ingush
11571:Dargwa
11551:Buryat
11505:Adyghe
11235:Quelia
11117:Resian
10906:Polish
10864:Slovak
10561:Accent
10414:Goryun
10402:Ethnic
10367:Moscow
10236:Latvia
10231:Israel
10208:Region
10115:Moscow
9807:
9699:
9664:
9633:
9608:
9578:
9559:
9537:
9513:
9494:
9049:1 June
9040:
9010:
8982:
8958:
8950:. М.:
8877:
8677:
8446:1 June
8274:16 May
8246:16 May
7917:14 May
7519:Бабель
7370:2 June
7155:26 May
7145:Gallup
6967:
6927:25 May
6917:mustgo
6898:
6769:610442
6767:
6759:
6520:9 July
6487:31 May
6476:Tandem
6380:16 May
6333:
6302:16 May
6155:22 May
6129:22 May
5966:27 May
5936:27 May
5902:27 May
5832:Gov.kg
5584:Crimea
5012:Source
4462:85,289
4402:51,388
4388:43,257
4377:Notes
4326:tenses
4315:style.
4292:syntax
4079:Vowels
4069:/mˠɨː/
4057:dental
3881:voiced
3713:voiced
3534:Dental
3524:Labial
3483:cookie
3436:Фе́рми
3431:Olésha
3426:Оле́ша
3421:García
3396:афе́ра
3371:uznayú
3366:узнаю́
3361:uznáyu
3356:узна́ю
3331:chúdno
3326:чу́дно
3321:chudnó
3316:чудно́
3286:за́мок
3276:замо́к
3271:stress
3241:, and
3201:, and
2395:pidgin
2371:Quelia
2334:Lojban
2306:, and
2239:/w⁓u̯/
2225:яканье
2144:оканье
2139:okanye
2096:
2088:
2072:Steppe
2057:
2047:
2044:Other
2036:
2026:
2020:Ryazan
2016:
2006:
1995:
1986:
1973:
1967:Viatka
1963:
1953:
1943:
1933:
1914:, and
1783:UNESCO
1751:, and
1707:, and
1705:Denver
1657:Boston
1640:Alaska
1446:RATING
1429:RATING
1344:Saeima
1332:Latvia
1258:Latvia
1216:Europe
1190:Canada
1079:Hebrew
1077:, and
1075:Arabic
1067:Turkic
1063:Uralic
1055:Polish
1022:, and
979:за́мок
973:замо́к
956:Stress
952:vowels
886:Europe
875:Israel
861:, the
845:, and
794:is an
661:
649:
637:
625:
613:
601:
589:
524:UNESCO
505:
477:
461:
445:
411:
397:
371:
357:
337:
304:
288:
271:
255:
242:Russia
239:
126:Slavic
77:Russia
17503:Media
17316:Radio
17294:Opera
17289:Music
17192:Crime
16963:Gulag
16841:Cheka
16486:Krais
16163:Opera
16116:Music
15979:Women
15880:LGBTQ
15798:Crime
15732:Waste
15251:Urals
15229:Lakes
14529:Tuoba
14473:Wutun
14388:Xiang
14381:Auish
14307:Hakka
14256:Ji-Lu
14221:Wakhi
14210:Uzbek
14205:Tuvan
14200:Tatar
14121:Other
14107:Salar
14059:Nanai
13997:Mulam
13962:Gelao
13925:Other
13824:Santa
13819:Ordos
13814:Oirat
13779:Bonan
13719:Xixiu
13689:Pa Na
13654:Hmong
13639:Gejia
13587:Riang
13547:Bugan
13542:Bolyu
13537:Blang
13486:Tujia
13449:Other
13430:Tseku
13415:Khams
13400:Groma
13380:Choni
13370:Basum
13365:Baima
13342:Zhaba
13262:Horpa
13247:Choyo
13242:Baima
13211:Sanie
13186:Naruo
13171:Katso
13166:Gokhy
13159:Other
13135:Samei
13130:Phuza
13120:Phupa
13115:Phuma
13105:Phowa
13100:Phola
13095:Phala
13090:Nuosu
13045:Bokha
13020:Alugu
12967:Micha
12879:Yiche
12864:Suobi
12829:Nuobi
12799:Kaduo
12794:Kabie
12774:Habei
12764:Duota
12759:Duoni
12754:Cosao
12682:Zaiwa
12667:Lashi
12619:Mango
12614:Manga
12609:Maang
12604:Kathu
12585:Lolo-
12511:Zaiwa
12481:Qiang
12471:Tujia
12456:Hmong
12307:Uzbek
12297:Tajik
12189:Uzbek
12169:Tatar
11797:Mansi
11703:Tuvan
11693:Tatar
11673:Rutul
11663:Nogai
11648:Erzya
11606:Kumyk
11515:Altai
11510:Aghul
11500:Abaza
11169:Goral
11107:Pomak
11055:Lemko
10828:Czech
10668:Rusyn
10454:Mixed
10424:Pomor
10262:Other
10162:Fenya
10103:Pomor
9647:6 May
8875:S2CID
8643:(PDF)
8628:(PDF)
8406:(PDF)
8399:(PDF)
8207:(PDF)
8200:(PDF)
8148:(PDF)
8141:(PDF)
8083:(PDF)
8076:(PDF)
8005:(PDF)
7994:(PDF)
7969:(PDF)
7962:(PDF)
7652:(PDF)
7641:(PDF)
7623:(PDF)
7616:(PDF)
7422:2 May
7396:2 May
7271:(PDF)
7264:(PDF)
7204:(PDF)
7197:(PDF)
7023:(p.3)
7021:Ibid.
6867:4 May
6836:4 May
6830:(PDF)
6819:(PDF)
6799:4 May
6793:(PDF)
6786:(PDF)
6765:JSTOR
6718:. In
6331:JSTOR
6325:(1).
5672:Rusyn
5534:(PDF)
5527:(PDF)
5468:Notes
5332:147.3
5329:7.794
5312:142.7
5309:6.820
5292:146.0
5289:6.400
5272:286.0
5269:5.263
5252:265.0
5249:4.434
5232:205.0
5229:2.342
5212:182.2
5209:1.782
5192:138.0
5189:1.650
4374:Words
4334:cases
4207:/i,u/
4106:Close
4089:Front
4073:/bˠɛ/
4065:Irish
4037:Цюрих
3992:Trill
3608:Nasal
3594:plain
3582:plain
3570:plain
3558:plain
3551:Velar
3539:Post-
3441:Fermi
3406:гу́ру
3401:aféra
3291:zámok
3281:zamók
3199:moroz
3194:мороз
2366:Runet
2352:Aleut
2328:argot
2324:Fenya
2308:Terek
2304:Kuban
2079:]
2068:]
1693:Miami
1595:press
1500:China
1434:south
1269:]
1202:Hindi
1059:Dutch
1051:Latin
1024:Rusyn
935:with
664:China
17397:Flag
17355:List
17163:List
17075:OGAS
16968:List
16851:NKVD
16639:LGBT
16627:List
16593:1977
16588:1936
16151:Flag
16039:Wine
16019:Arts
15084:LGBT
14968:Army
14553:Sign
14514:Saka
14415:Ping
14136:Tsat
14087:Äynu
14069:Xibe
14027:Then
14012:Paha
13967:Hlai
13937:Biao
13911:Yang
13876:Nong
13789:Daur
13567:Mang
13562:Kuan
13481:Nung
13360:Amdo
13327:Situ
13307:Pumi
13302:Naxi
13292:Muya
13282:Lizu
13277:Laze
13252:Ersu
13206:Samu
13201:Nusu
13196:Naxi
13181:Lahu
13140:Sani
13085:Nisu
13080:Nasu
13075:Muzi
13070:Muji
13065:Moji
13060:Lope
13050:Gepo
13040:Azhe
13035:Azha
13025:Aluo
12972:Mili
12952:Lisu
12947:Lipo
12942:Limi
12937:Lawu
12932:Lavu
12927:Lamu
12922:Lalo
12874:Woni
12854:Sadu
12849:Qidi
12844:Piyo
12824:Muda
12804:Lami
12789:Jino
12784:Honi
12779:Hani
12744:Budu
12739:Bisu
12729:Asuo
12714:Akha
12709:Akeu
12662:Pela
12624:Maza
12526:Hani
12516:Lisu
12400:SARs
11842:Veps
11739:Even
11627:Hill
11621:Mari
11601:Komi
11536:Avar
10985:Rani
10943:Lach
9697:ISBN
9662:ISBN
9649:2015
9631:ISBN
9606:ISBN
9576:ISBN
9557:ISBN
9535:ISBN
9511:ISBN
9492:ISBN
9438:2023
9407:2023
9381:2013
9327:2014
9299:2014
9271:2013
9242:2013
9213:2013
9184:2013
9155:2013
9122:2013
9051:2024
9038:ISBN
9008:ISBN
8980:ISBN
8956:ISBN
8933:2020
8844:2020
8802:2023
8724:2011
8693:2022
8675:ISBN
8651:2022
8573:2011
8547:2011
8483:2013
8448:2024
8436:JAXA
8414:2013
8382:2013
8356:2019
8321:2019
8276:2009
8248:2009
8215:2016
8183:2022
8156:2015
8121:2023
8091:2015
7977:2023
7945:2023
7919:2022
7889:2023
7859:2019
7827:2019
7797:2023
7745:2014
7575:2020
7500:2023
7450:2019
7424:2012
7398:2012
7372:2024
7344:2023
7312:2015
7279:2020
7212:2015
7157:2010
7127:2014
7094:2019
7057:2014
6983:2021
6965:ISBN
6929:2014
6896:ISBN
6869:2015
6838:2015
6801:2015
6757:ISSN
6654:2024
6620:2021
6590:2021
6578:JAXA
6556:2012
6522:2021
6489:2021
6457:2020
6382:2010
6304:2010
6271:2023
6234:2022
6183:2021
6157:2012
6131:2012
6098:2016
6050:2021
6024:2020
5998:2013
5968:2016
5938:2016
5904:2016
5874:2020
5844:2020
5814:2013
5783:2013
5753:2013
5570:2021
5542:2013
5509:2014
5366:The
5341:3.3
5326:2020
5321:3.8
5306:2010
5301:4.3
5286:2004
5281:5.9
5266:1990
5261:6.3
5246:1980
5241:7.6
5226:1940
5221:7.9
5206:1914
5201:6.4
5186:1900
5135:Year
5001:this
4598:The
4431:Dahl
4413:1847
4371:Year
4368:Work
4201:(or
4185::55)
4159:Open
4099:Back
4055:are
4049:/dʲ/
4047:and
4045:/tʲ/
3786:t͡sʲ
3653:Stop
3600:pal.
3588:pal.
3576:pal.
3564:pal.
3411:gúru
3243:MESM
3213:myš'
3209:mysh
3204:мышь
3152:and
3141:yers
3137:/ʲa/
3133:/ja/
3111:and
3099:/ʲu/
3095:/ju/
3001:and
2989:/ʲe/
2985:/je/
2956:/ja/
2942:/ju/
2872:/ɕː/
2844:/tɕ/
2830:/ts/
2588:/jo/
2574:/je/
2454:and
2373:, a
2286:and
2264:/tʲ/
2258:and
2242:and
2235:, a
2212:несл
2201:and
2174:and
2166:and
2149:high
2125:The
2070:and
2030:Tula
2010:Orel
1999:Tver
1880:NASA
1472:Asia
1453:and
1451:IDPs
1438:east
1436:and
1318:Jews
976:and
873:and
814:and
578:List
550:OSCE
542:CSTO
538:EAEU
519:ICAO
514:IAEA
16880:KGB
16875:MGB
16863:MVD
16846:GPU
16646:Law
15411:Law
14494:Jie
14405:Yue
14398:Old
14393:New
14317:Min
14312:Hui
14302:Gan
14278:Jin
14102:Lop
14022:Sui
13987:Mak
13977:Kam
13957:Cun
13916:Yei
13866:Min
13861:Dai
13709:She
13659:Hmu
13532:Bit
13456:Bai
13385:Dao
13337:Zbu
13030:Axi
12897:Eka
12819:Mpi
12769:Enu
12719:Amu
12521:Bai
12461:Kam
12396:ARs
11688:Tat
11611:Lak
9837:doi
8867:doi
8753:doi
8049:at
7331:ERR
6957:doi
6749:doi
5713:at
5678:of
5590:is
5338:256
5318:260
5298:278
5278:312
5258:280
5238:200
5218:140
5198:105
4679:),
4669:),
4563:or
4474:'s)
4456:'s)
4433:'s)
4246:.
4195:/ɨ/
4136:Mid
4041:tsʲ
3926:ː)
3796:t͡ɕ
3778:t͡s
3469:eat
3455:you
3433:),
3423:),
3239:M-1
3211:or
3175:/ĭ/
3171:/ŭ/
3166:or
3135:or
3097:or
3073:);
3071:/u/
3049:);
3047:/f/
3025:);
3023:/i/
2991:);
2987:or
2928:/e/
2914:/ʲ/
2900:/ɨ/
2886:/-/
2858:/ʂ/
2816:/x/
2800:/f/
2786:/u/
2772:/t/
2758:/s/
2744:/r/
2730:/p/
2716:/o/
2702:/n/
2688:/m/
2674:/l/
2660:/k/
2644:/j/
2630:/i/
2616:/z/
2602:/ʐ/
2560:/d/
2546:/ɡ/
2532:/v/
2518:/b/
2504:/a/
2486:IPA
2364:of
2260:/f/
2256:/l/
2252:/v/
2248:/ɡ/
2232:/ɣ/
2203:/a/
2199:/e/
2188:-te
2184:-ta
2180:-to
2176:/o/
2172:/e/
2151:or
2135:/o/
1896:.su
1892:.ru
1723:in
1616:In
1579:In
1567:In
1555:In
1544:In
1528:In
1517:In
1498:In
1487:In
1476:In
1402:In
1375:In
1357:In
1352:LSM
1330:In
1323:In
1291:In
1185:CIS
1088:in
884:in
853:in
752:rus
736:rus
719:rus
558:ISO
554:ATS
546:SCO
534:CIS
529:WHO
17586::
16912:•
16908:•
14371:Wu
13602:Wa
13597:Va
13557:Hu
13287:Na
12486:Yi
12398:/
11901:,
10365:,
9833:45
9831:.
9695:.
9639:.
9629:.
9604:.
9596:.
9490:.
9428:.
9424:.
9397:.
9367:.
9335:^
9141:.
9130:^
9096:^
9022:^
8994:^
8919:.
8873:.
8863:54
8861:.
8834:.
8830:.
8819:^
8788:.
8749:45
8747:.
8741:.
8714:.
8710:.
8683:.
8636:II
8634:.
8630:.
8504:^
8469:.
8450:.
8438:.
8434:.
8430:.
8311:.
8238:.
8232:.
8129:^
8107:.
8033:.
8027:.
7996:.
7964:.
7905:.
7879:.
7875:.
7843:.
7813:.
7787:.
7783:.
7761:.
7713:.
7695:.
7691:.
7668:.
7647:.
7643:.
7592:.
7561:.
7539:.
7521:.
7517:.
7468:.
7360:.
7287:^
7266:.
7241:.
7220:^
7165:^
7143:.
7111:.
7084:.
7074:.
7028:^
6973:,
6963:,
6951:,
6937:^
6919:.
6915:.
6859:.
6855:.
6825:.
6821:.
6788:.
6763:.
6755:.
6745:17
6743:.
6682:.
6644:.
6640:.
6622:.
6592:.
6580:.
6576:.
6572:.
6542:.
6524:.
6512:.
6508:.
6497:^
6473:.
6401:.
6323:44
6321:.
6294:.
6290:.
6273:.
6257:.
6236:.
6220:.
6121:.
6117:.
6106:^
6084:.
5984:.
5946:^
5928:.
5924:.
5912:^
5882:^
5860:.
5830:.
5800:.
5769:.
5743:.
5739:.
5703:^
5645:,
5639:,
5614:^
5560:.
5529:.
5181:%
5065:5
5048:5
4591:.
4311:a
4304:a
4290:a
4123:)
4033:ts
4009:rʲ
3969:lʲ
3946:)
3943:ɣʲ
3937:)
3908:zʲ
3894:vʲ
3873:xʲ
3859:ː
3842:sʲ
3828:fʲ
3789:)
3760:ɡʲ
3740:dʲ
3726:bʲ
3705:kʲ
3685:tʲ
3671:pʲ
3635:nʲ
3621:mʲ
3177:.
3173:,
2250:,
2186:,
2182:,
2114:,
2077:uk
2066:uk
1910:,
1878:–
1747:,
1703:,
1699:,
1695:,
1691:,
1687:,
1683:,
1679:,
1675:,
1671:,
1667:,
1663:,
1659:,
1655:,
1651:,
1613:.
1606:.
1267:lv
1081:.
1073:,
1069:,
1065:,
1057:,
1053:,
1018:,
954:.
920:.
877:.
865:,
857:,
841:,
837:,
833:,
701:ru
510::
402::
362::
98:L2
93:L1
17472::
16916:/
16904:/
16292:e
16285:t
16278:v
15422:)
15418:(
15402:)
15398:(
15387:)
15383:(
14869:e
14862:t
14855:v
14646:e
14639:t
14632:v
14433:E
13592:U
12543:/
12357:e
12350:t
12343:v
12239:e
12232:t
12225:v
12111:e
12104:t
12097:v
11963:e
11956:t
11949:v
11906:)
11896:(
11460:e
11453:t
11446:v
11429:.
10563:)
10559:(
10517:e
10510:t
10503:v
10393:)
10389:(
10381:)
10377:(
10369:)
10361:(
10336:e
10329:t
10322:v
9905:e
9898:t
9891:v
9839::
9705:.
9670:.
9651:.
9614:.
9584:.
9565:.
9543:.
9519:.
9500:.
9440:.
9409:.
9383:.
9329:.
9301:.
9273:.
9244:.
9215:.
9186:.
9157:.
9124:.
9090:.
9053:.
9016:.
8988:.
8964:.
8935:.
8881:.
8869::
8846:.
8804:.
8774:.
8759:.
8755::
8726:.
8653:.
8575:.
8549:.
8485:.
8416:.
8384:.
8358:.
8323:.
8278:.
8250:.
8217:.
8185:.
8158:.
8123:.
8093:.
8037:.
7979:.
7947:.
7921:.
7891:.
7861:.
7829:.
7799:.
7747:.
7577:.
7502:.
7452:.
7426:.
7400:.
7374:.
7346:.
7314:.
7281:.
7214:.
7159:.
7129:.
7096:.
7059:.
6959::
6931:.
6871:.
6840:.
6803:.
6771:.
6751::
6656:.
6558:.
6491:.
6459:.
6384:.
6337:.
6306:.
6185:.
6159:.
6133:.
6100:.
6052:.
6026:.
6000:.
5970:.
5940:.
5906:.
5876:.
5846:.
5816:.
5785:.
5755:.
5625:.
5572:.
5544:.
5511:.
5374::
5163:%
5093:8
5076:8
5042:8
5034:,
4732:.
4683:(
4673:(
4663:(
4643:(
4614:.
4452:(
4429:(
4358:.
4355:П
4269:-
4253:)
4249:(
4167:a
4151:o
4142:e
4128:u
4120:ɨ
4117:(
4112:i
4002:r
3980:j
3962:ɫ
3940:(
3934:ɣ
3931:(
3923:ʑ
3920:(
3915:ʐ
3901:z
3887:v
3866:x
3856:ɕ
3849:ʂ
3835:s
3821:f
3783:(
3753:ɡ
3733:d
3719:b
3698:k
3678:t
3664:p
3628:n
3614:m
3532:/
3477:(
3463:(
3449:(
3439:(
3429:(
3419:(
3409:(
3399:(
3389:(
3379:(
3369:(
3359:(
3349:(
3339:(
3329:(
3319:(
3309:(
3299:(
3289:(
3279:(
3263:(
3157:ь
3147:ъ
3126:я
3116:ѩ
3106:ѧ
3093:(
3088:ю
3078:ѭ
3069:(
3064:у
3054:ѫ
3045:(
3040:ф
3030:ѳ
3021:(
3016:и
3006:ѵ
2996:і
2983:(
2978:е
2968:ѣ
2953:я
2949:Я
2939:ю
2935:Ю
2925:э
2921:Э
2911:ь
2907:Ь
2897:ы
2893:Ы
2883:ъ
2879:Ъ
2869:щ
2865:Щ
2855:ш
2851:Ш
2841:ч
2837:Ч
2827:ц
2823:Ц
2813:х
2809:Х
2797:ф
2793:Ф
2783:у
2779:У
2769:т
2765:Т
2755:с
2751:С
2741:р
2737:Р
2727:п
2723:П
2713:о
2709:О
2699:н
2695:Н
2685:м
2681:М
2671:л
2667:Л
2657:к
2653:К
2641:й
2637:Й
2627:и
2623:И
2613:з
2609:З
2599:ж
2595:Ж
2585:ё
2581:Ё
2571:е
2567:Е
2557:д
2553:Д
2543:г
2539:Г
2529:в
2525:В
2515:б
2511:Б
2501:а
2497:А
2476:.
2222:(
2214:и
2164:ě
2141:(
2094:)
1287:)
1271:)
1236:)
1118:(
202:)
198:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.