662:
3575:
29:
538:; however, both events were considered unlikely. Because Earth only passed near Comet ISON's orbit, not through the tail, the chances that a meteor shower would occur were slim. In addition, meteor showers from long-period comets that make just one pass into the inner solar system are very rare, if ever recorded. The possibility that small particles left behind on the orbital pathâalmost one hundred days after the nucleus has passedâcould form noctilucent clouds is also slim. No such events are known to have taken place in the past under similar circumstances.
6318:
6330:
6324:
586:
775:
6558:
6228:
6868:
895:
6972:
6150:
3569:
547:
6961:
559:
451:. Precovery images from Mount Lemmon were first taken on 28 December 2011 and indicated that the comet had an estimated apparent magnitude ranging from 19.5 to 19.9. Images from Pan-STARRS were taken on 28 January 2012 and in those images the comet had an estimated apparent magnitude ranging from 19.8 to 20.6.
707:
that was also visible to the naked eye. Comet ISON was not expected to reach the naked-eye magnitude 6 until mid-November, and was not expected to be observable by the general public until it brightened to about magnitude 4. On 17â18 November, when Comet ISON was brighter and much closer to
819:
Comet ISON had been expected to be brightest around the time it was closest to the Sun, if it could have been seen; but because it was less than 1° from the Sun at its closest, it would have been difficult to see against the Sun's glare. If it had survived its perihelion passage intact, Comet ISON
515:
barycentric orbital elements for epoch 1950 and 2050 both generate a hyperbolic solution with no orbital period. Using an epoch of 1950, the inbound weakly hyperbolic eccentricity of 1.000000086 suggests ISON is of solar origin. On its closest approach, Comet ISON passed about 0.07248 AU
563:
800:. The resulting plot showed Comet ISON increasing its brightness relatively quickly at R. If this had continued to perihelion, it would have reached magnitude â17 â brighter than the full Moon. It had since exhibited a "slowdown event", however, similar to behavior exhibited by other
561:
567:
565:
560:
1098:
971:
566:
811:
Further observations suggested that, even if it had remained intact, it might only brighten to about magnitude â6. The temperature at perihelion had been calculated to reach 2,700 °C (4,890 °F) â sufficient to melt iron. Additionally, it passed within its
840:
published preliminary results of observations of the observed meteor shower of Comet ISON from
January 2014. Scientists from Ukraine and Belarus were assisted by meteor observation groups around the world. The results confirmed that particles of Comet ISON, which likely
920:. Follow-up observations by independent teams were the first to report cometary features. Therefore, under the International Astronomical Union's comet-naming guidelines, Comet ISON was named after the team that discovered it, rather than the individual discoverers.
820:
should have been well-placed for observers in the northern hemisphere during mid to late
December 2013. It might even have remained visible to the naked eye until January 2014. As Comet ISON moved north on the celestial sphere it would have passed within 2° of
564:
1001:
The "C" indicates that it was non-periodic, followed by the year of discovery. The "S" represents the half-month of discovery â in the case of C/2012 S1, the second half of
September â and the number "1" shows that this was the first comet found in that
1143:
750:
on 28 November 2013, it might have become extremely bright if it had remained fully intact. However, predicting the brightness of a comet is difficult, especially one that passes so close to the Sun and is affected by the
657:
However, about two and a half hours after launch, the telescope returned to its stowed position too quickly, driving it past a stow latch. Operators were unable to redeploy the telescope, resulting in mission failure.
935:
Astronomer Karl
Battams criticized the media's suggestion that Comet ISON would be "brighter than the full Moon", saying that members of the Comet ISON Observing Campaign did not foresee ISON becoming that bright.
516:(10,843,000 km; 6,737,000 mi) from Mars on 1 October 2013, and the remnants of Comet ISON passed about 0.43 AU (64 million km; 40 million mi) from Earth on 26 December 2013.
353:
of 5. By the end of 30 November 2013, the coma had further faded to below naked-eye visibility at magnitude 7. On 1 December 2013, the coma continued to fade even further as it finished traversing the
3036:
Cordiner, M. A.; et al. (2014). "Mapping the
Release of Volatiles in the Inner Comae of Comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2012 S1 (ISON) Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array".
4941:
724:
and glow of twilight, Comet ISON had not become bright enough to be seen without optical aid by the general public. On 22 November, it started to drop below
Mercury in the bright twilight.
562:
2916:
788:
On 29 November 2013, Comet ISON had dimmed to magnitude 5 in the LASCO images. By the end of 30 November 2013, it had further faded below naked-eye visibility at magnitude 7.
2126:
6079:
5271:
1865:
653:, a stratospheric science balloon carrying a 0.8 m (2.6 ft) telescope and science instruments designed to capture images and data on Comet ISON from an altitude of
610:, but bright enough to be imaged by amateurs with large telescopes. It then followed the pattern of most comets and increased gradually in brightness on approach to the Sun.
755:
of light. Originally, media sources predicted that it might become brighter than the full Moon, but based on more recent observations, it was only expected to reach around
6101:
5229:
688:
spacecraft began detecting Comet ISON in the second week of
October. October 2013 images of Comet ISON displayed a greenish tint, probably attributable to the release of
1659:
2722:
3193:
1131:
2752:
530:
When Earth passed near the orbit of Comet ISON on 14â15 January 2014, it was predicted that micron-sized dust particles blown by the Sun's radiation might cause a
703:
On 14 November 2013, Comet ISON was reported to be visible to the naked eye by experienced observers located at dark sites. It had an appearance similar to comet
3321:
479:
of 695,500 km (432,200 mi), Comet ISON passed approximately 1,165,000 km (724,000 mi) above the Sun's surface. Its trajectory appeared to be
2663:
1324:
680:
On 1 October 2013, Comet ISON passed within 0.07 AU (10 million km; 6.5 million mi) of Mars. Between 29 September and 2 October, the
3226:
1628:
314:. However, as events transpired, it never became bright enough to be readily visible to the naked eye. Furthermore, it broke apart as it passed close to the
641:
and 19° from the Sun. Due to it brightening more slowly than predicted, Comet ISON only became visible through small telescopes during early
October 2013.
1689:
Zdenek, Sekanina & Kracht, Rainer (2014). "Disintegration of Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) Shortly Before
Perihelion: Evidence from Independent Data Sets".
928:
After it was discovered in 2012, some media sources called Comet ISON the "Comet of the
Century" and speculated that it might outshine the full Moon. An
2409:
6372:
6037:
5374:
2157:
1388:
1031:
1188:
364:
On 8 May 2014, a detailed examination of the disintegration was published, suggesting that the comet had fully disintegrated hours before perihelion.
2196:
845:
at perihelion, entered Earth's atmosphere as meteor particles. 43 meteor events were recorded after analyzing 54,000 images from 10â17 January 2014.
527:
led to speculation that there might be a connection between them. Further observations of ISON, however, showed that the two comets are not related.
2949:
2595:
7006:
916:. The initial report of the object to the Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams identified the object as an asteroid, and it was listed on the
3716:
932:
columnist wrote in September 2012 that "if predictions hold true then Comet ISON will certainly be one of the greatest comets in human history."
661:
6793:
961:
Astronomical magnitudes decrease as brightness increases, from large positive values, through zero, to negative values for very bright objects.
2926:
423:
across. The object's position and cometary appearance was confirmed by several other unaffiliated observers, and as such the comet was named
3014:
2490:
303:
was around 5 kilometers (3 mi) in diameter. Later estimates were that the nucleus was only about 2 kilometers (1 mi) in diameter.
3349:
285:
5835:
1546:
4212:
2376:
2354:
2065:
3895:
2344:
2134:
7011:
808:. Therefore, Comet ISON's brightness increased less quickly than expected and it did not become as bright as some early predictions.
736:
408:
1899:"Where the Solar system meets the solar neighbourhood: patterns in the distribution of radiants of observed hyperbolic minor bodies"
1244:
495:
suggested that the comet could be either bound or unbound to the Sun. But for objects at such high eccentricity, the Solar System's
6057:
2838:
1875:
1667:
1498:
913:
392:
to carry out their observations. Shortly after their session, Nevski processed data using CoLiTec, an automated asteroid discovery
258:
1358:
6811:
6186:
3648:
629:
outgassing at about 1 million kilograms (2.2 million pounds) per day. From 5 June to 29 August 2013, Comet ISON had an
396:
program. In analysis he noted an unusually bright object with slow apparent movement, indicating a position outside the orbit of
3167:
6557:
6227:
2615:
4192:
3203:
7016:
6553:
6288:
1831:
1147:
1094:
512:
2730:
1439:
380:
after their observations were delayed by clouded weather for much of the night. The team used ISON's 0.4-meter (16 in)
5808:
4780:
4272:
3759:
2868:
2783:
2673:
1467:
2188:
1598:
1107:. Ephemeris Type:Elements and Center:@0 (To be outside planetary region, inbound epoch 1950 and outbound epoch 2050. With
7026:
5694:
5204:
4840:
3481:(2012 Oct 3 : 163 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000013 : (1/a)_orig = +0.00005808, (1/a)_fut = +0.00000785)
3293:
1716:
917:
2760:
2632:
2465:
1949:
2894:
FerrĂn, Ignacio (2013). "Secular Light Curves of Comets C/2011 L4 Panstarrs and C/2012 S1 ISON Compared to 1P/Halley".
732:
354:
3706:
3139:
6096:
5288:
4367:
3790:
3038:
1332:
2095:
1296:
3506:
3367:(2013 Nov 26 : 6120 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=0.9999947 q=0.0124439 includes nongravitational parameters)
2810:
2613:(just a few days ago we saw the first reports of ground-based observers being able to view ISON through binoculars)
837:
633:
less than 30° from the Sun. No obvious rotational variability was detected by either Deep Impact, HST, or Spitzer.
428:
48:
3308:
1398:
6084:
5746:
5308:
5276:
4750:
4042:
3701:
3236:
1636:
1571:
617:
spacecraft in January and February 2013, and shown to be active with an extended tail. In April and May 2013 the
898:
Comet ISON seen from the Mount Lemmon SkyCenter on 8 October 2013, as it passes through the constellation of Leo
6566:
6027:
5627:
5313:
5194:
4770:
4720:
4257:
3711:
3272:
2313:
849:
842:
3331:
6106:
5234:
5014:
4999:
4322:
3638:
2413:
833:
296:
63:
2165:
499:
is more stable than a heliocentric solution. The orbit of a long-period comet is properly obtained when the
6985:
6980:
6975:
6032:
5916:
5323:
5169:
4352:
4142:
4132:
1196:
3260:
2696:
483:, which suggested that it was a dynamically new comet that took millions of years coming freshly from the
6179:
5179:
3723:
3633:
2957:
2599:
912:
was C/2012 S1. It was named "ISON" after the organization where its discovery was made, the Russia-based
681:
304:
372:
During routine observations on 21 November 2012, Vitali Nevski and Artyom Novichonok monitored areas of
7031:
6922:
6042:
5906:
5349:
5209:
4871:
4845:
4805:
4800:
4646:
4490:
4455:
4445:
3754:
3621:
3611:
3606:
1796:
322:
passage) indicated that Comet ISON had partially or completely disintegrated due to the Sun's heat and
3568:
2981:"Preliminary Results of the Observations of a Meteor Shower of Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) in January 2014"
7021:
6891:
6020:
6015:
6010:
5514:
5459:
4835:
4357:
4267:
4162:
3643:
1985:
1027:
3574:
943:, seen in 1973â1974, another highly anticipated Oort Cloud comet that peaked early and fizzled out.
307:(MRO) observations suggested the nucleus was smaller than 0.8 kilometers (0.5 mi) in diameter.
6935:
5776:
4963:
4951:
4790:
4347:
4247:
4222:
4117:
4092:
3960:
3805:
621:(HST) measured Comet ISON's size, and the color, extent, and polarization of its emitted dust. The
614:
436:
28:
2038:
7036:
6867:
5978:
5549:
4595:
4500:
4382:
4292:
4277:
4202:
4102:
3973:
3890:
3733:
3596:
3591:
2498:
622:
1528:
1421:
310:
Shortly after Comet ISON's discovery, the media reported that it might become brighter than the
6211:
6206:
6172:
6047:
6005:
5943:
5632:
5529:
5524:
5344:
5246:
5219:
4795:
4465:
4387:
4177:
2569:
670:
666:
630:
618:
590:
400:
based on the use of four 100-second CCD exposures. At the time of discovery, the object's
377:
373:
358:
123:
6351:
5973:
5938:
5667:
5609:
5559:
5539:
5419:
4897:
4775:
4652:
4570:
4505:
4307:
4262:
4077:
3909:
3870:
3800:
3775:
2436:
2384:
2073:
1177:. 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. 18â22 March 2013. The Woodlands, Texas. #1576.
717:
480:
357:'s view. On 2 December 2013, the CIOC announced that Comet ISON had fully disintegrated. The
168:
1110:
6251:
5899:
5741:
5682:
5652:
5474:
5464:
5379:
5266:
5134:
4495:
4232:
4022:
3616:
3499:
3281:
3057:
2995:
2349:
2215:
2004:
1920:
1270:
764:
492:
381:
265:, Russia. Data processing was carried out by automated asteroid-discovery program CoLiTec.
254:
149:
8:
7041:
6929:
6796:
6223:
6118:
5872:
5862:
5857:
5818:
5798:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5709:
5677:
5599:
5589:
5569:
5554:
5544:
5534:
5489:
5444:
5389:
5364:
5354:
5174:
5164:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5084:
5068:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
4725:
4282:
4047:
3904:
3880:
3875:
3855:
3810:
3680:
3287:
3276:
3231:
1169:
859:
674:
524:
412:
289:
270:
187:
4187:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3061:
2999:
2846:
2219:
2008:
1924:
1502:
1221:
1063:
573:
Visualization of the orbit of comet ISON as it moved into the inner Solar System in 2013
6965:
6881:
6745:
6472:
6436:
6346:
6294:
5889:
5823:
5813:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5704:
5662:
5637:
5579:
5499:
5479:
5394:
5384:
5318:
5303:
4610:
4510:
4252:
3885:
3860:
3850:
3840:
3820:
3780:
3144:
3073:
3047:
2921:
2895:
2668:
2637:
2205:
2020:
1994:
1910:
1777:
1690:
1472:
1393:
1362:
883:
768:
756:
634:
603:
440:
401:
350:
5995:
5429:
2016:
6750:
6484:
6448:
6424:
6412:
6364:
6301:
6113:
5911:
5734:
5729:
5584:
5469:
5261:
5251:
5224:
5199:
5033:
4957:
4887:
4530:
4515:
3992:
3932:
3835:
3830:
3785:
3583:
3198:
3069:
535:
504:
464:
415:. However, the group later reported that the object had a cometary appearance with a
234:
141:
87:
57:
4147:
3077:
2612:
2024:
1784:. International Astronomical Union. 24 September 2012. Electronic Telegram No. 3258.
665:
The path of Comet ISON from December 2012 through October 2013 as it passed through
613:
At least a dozen spacecraft imaged Comet ISON. It was first imaged by the Swift and
6788:
6329:
6317:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6052:
5926:
5921:
5803:
5594:
5494:
5434:
5414:
5404:
5369:
5339:
4866:
4002:
3927:
3815:
3696:
3664:
3660:
3266:
3116:
3065:
2223:
2012:
1954:
1928:
1444:
1301:
903:
853:
520:
500:
488:
214:
80:
1839:
6280:
6153:
6123:
5719:
5604:
5359:
4297:
4287:
3956:
3795:
3626:
3538:
3492:
2619:
2286:
879:
752:
693:
416:
343:
103:
6323:
4460:
3302:
2872:
2787:
2546:
593:
on 10 April 2013ânear Jupiter's orbit; also, enhanced (coma model ratio) version
6906:
6855:
6405:
5968:
5894:
5884:
5771:
5439:
5424:
5293:
4987:
4830:
4715:
4695:
4673:
4625:
4615:
4580:
4535:
4242:
4107:
4017:
3937:
2233:
1602:
940:
626:
463:(closest approach to the Sun) on 28 November 2013 at a distance of 0.0124
346:-like feature, suggesting a small fragment of it may have survived perihelion.
163:
3445:(2012 Dec 26 : 1000 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000015 q=0.0124443)
3439:(2013 Jan 14 : 1418 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000016 q=0.0124445)
3433:(2013 Feb 12 : 1999 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000019 q=0.0124439)
3427:(2013 Feb 23 : 2372 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000020 q=0.0124436)
3415:(2013 Mar 18 : 3047 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000022 q=0.0124434)
3409:(2013 Mar 25 : 3121 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000022 q=0.0124434)
3397:(2013 Apr 23 : 3442 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000020 q=0.0124437)
3385:(2013 Sep 16 : 3997 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000019 q=0.0124442)
3379:(2013 Sep 30 : 4308 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000020 q=0.0124441)
3373:(2013 Nov 25 : 5586 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000019 q=0.0124479)
3337:
3327:
1724:
585:
487:
or even a candidate interstellar comet. Near perihelion, generic heliocentric
7000:
6845:
6817:
6389:
5990:
5933:
5852:
5714:
5647:
5283:
5256:
5241:
5079:
4850:
4810:
4765:
4700:
4679:
4575:
4480:
4122:
3825:
3670:
3558:
3533:
3475:(2012 Oct 12 : 272 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000008 q=0.0124472)
3469:(2012 Oct 26 : 418 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000013 q=0.0124484)
3457:(2012 Nov 27 : 706 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000014 q=0.0124475)
3451:(2012 Dec 11 : 812 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000014 q=0.0124453)
3421:(2013 Mar 9 : 2799 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000022 q=0.0124437)
3403:(2013 Apr 9 : 3307 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000021 q=0.0124435)
3391:(2013 Sep 6 : 3897 obs : Epoch 2013 Dec 14 e=1.0000019 q=0.0124441)
3297:
2980:
1896:
1870:
1758:. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams, International Astronomical Union
774:
740:
531:
420:
300:
222:
177:
53:
2521:
2228:
1933:
1898:
739:
coronograph. On 27 November ISON brightened to magnitude â2 and passed
6755:
6571:
6519:
6338:
6268:
6263:
5840:
5399:
5129:
4993:
4969:
4917:
4902:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4760:
4690:
4525:
4485:
4470:
4450:
4440:
4372:
4362:
4217:
4207:
4137:
4087:
4082:
4072:
1801:
865:
546:
476:
5948:
5564:
909:
448:
6835:
6806:
6783:
6611:
6605:
6600:
6237:
6000:
5879:
5724:
5687:
5454:
4927:
4922:
4907:
4710:
4668:
4658:
4640:
4635:
4605:
4600:
4560:
4555:
4540:
4435:
4412:
4402:
4397:
4377:
4327:
4317:
4227:
4197:
4167:
4127:
4112:
3997:
3655:
2103:
1751:
894:
813:
797:
507:
after leaving the planetary region and is calculated with respect to the
389:
323:
796:
In a February 2013 study, 1,897 observations were used to create a
602:
At the time of its discovery, Comet ISON's brightness was approximately
6736:
6729:
6724:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6644:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6595:
6576:
6537:
6508:
6091:
5953:
5657:
5574:
5298:
4892:
4785:
4755:
4735:
4705:
4430:
4407:
4337:
4332:
4182:
4172:
4152:
4067:
4062:
4052:
4037:
4012:
3845:
3728:
3601:
3553:
3543:
2261:
1171:
Post-discovery Photometric Follow-up of Sungrazing Comet C/2012 S1 ISON
1104:
801:
747:
697:
508:
496:
484:
444:
427:, after the international observational project and in accordance with
385:
319:
281:
274:
262:
218:
128:
95:
3350:
Time-lapse image of C/2012 S1 (ISON) and main-belt asteroid 4417 Lecar
3091:
2437:"Comet ISON Observations by an Amateur Observer: Recovery Observation"
1575:
1574:. NASA Comet ISON Observing Campaign. 30 November 2013. Archived from
6943:
6901:
6886:
6876:
6850:
6840:
6778:
6762:
6719:
6697:
6681:
6649:
6622:
6617:
6496:
5983:
5963:
5958:
5867:
5845:
5828:
5699:
5672:
5642:
5519:
5504:
5484:
5449:
5409:
5214:
5189:
5184:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5124:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5074:
5063:
5038:
4685:
4663:
4590:
4585:
4565:
4550:
4545:
4520:
4475:
4342:
4237:
4097:
4027:
3865:
805:
721:
704:
607:
468:
432:
311:
280:
Follow-up observations were made on 22 September 2012 by a team from
266:
238:
2900:
1695:
1167:
1099:"Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON)"
6801:
6525:
6460:
6378:
4981:
4975:
4912:
4392:
4312:
4302:
4157:
4057:
4032:
3738:
3675:
3548:
1915:
1547:"Comet ISON's leftovers fade away, right before a satellite's eyes"
709:
689:
637:
Bruce Gary recovered it on 12 August 2013 when it was 6° above the
393:
34:
3052:
2978:
2210:
1999:
970:
C/2012 S1 (ISON) had an epoch 1600 barycentric semi-major axis of
6741:
6399:
6394:
4007:
1245:"New 'Sun-Skirting' Comet Could Provide Dazzling Display in 2013"
821:
696:. On 31 October 2013, Comet ISON was detected with 10Ă50 mm
650:
638:
411:
as an asteroidal object, which was subsequently forwarded to the
397:
230:
226:
6164:
5069:
C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)
3013:
Zubritsky, Elizabeth & Neal-Jones, Nancy (11 August 2014).
778:
685:
242:
597:
6257:
6245:
3515:
3015:"NASA's 3-D Study of Comets Reveals Chemical Factory at Work"
974:
and would have an inbound v_infinite of 0.2 km/s at 50000 au:
852:(ALMA) for the first time, that detailed the distribution of
782:
760:
713:
460:
135:
3343:
3168:"Rumors of Comet ISON 'Fizzling' May be Greatly Exaggerated"
3035:
1897:
de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; et al. (6 February 2018).
6827:
5085:
C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)
2127:"Wassup with comets Hergenrother, L4 PanSTARRS and S1 ISON"
875:
848:
On 11 August 2014, astronomers released studies, using the
580:
472:
816:, meaning it might disintegrate due to the Sun's gravity.
3484:
1983:: A Likely Long-Period Comet from the Inner Oort Cloud".
1903:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters
781:
COR2 image of Comet ISON re-emerging ~7 hours after
315:
3344:
Path of Comet ISON through the SOHO/LASCO fields of view
361:
failed to detect fragments of ISON on 18 December 2013.
253:
The discovery was made using the 0.4-meter (16 in)
475:) from the center point of the Sun. Accounting for the
2657:
2655:
2459:
2457:
2377:"NASA's Spitzer Observes Gas Emission From Comet ISON"
1975:
1224:. IAU Minor Planet Center. 24 September 2012. CK12S010
519:
Shortly after its discovery, similarities between the
1113:
3356:
3092:"Comet ISON â Latest Updates, FAQ and Viewing Guide"
2466:"Comet ISON: A Viewing Guide from Now to Perihelion"
2262:"Comet ISON â Latest Updates, FAQ and Viewing Guide"
1382:
1380:
1144:"Horizons Batch for 2013-Nov-28 perihelion velocity"
1133:
both inbound and outbound, it has no orbital period)
763:. In comparison, the brightest comet since 1935 was
3119:. Harvard University Cometary Science Archive. 2012
3012:
2652:
2598:. Yahoo! Groups: Comet Observations. Archived from
2454:
1832:"New comet might blaze brighter than the full Moon"
625:(SST) observed Comet ISON on 13 June and estimated
2180:
1161:
1125:
1032:Associazione Friulana di Astronomia e Meteorologia
735:started to view it on 27 November, first with the
3194:"Back Story: Comet Kohoutek was another flameout"
2624:
2197:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1746:
1744:
1742:
1377:
1325:"Fire vs. Ice: The Science of ISON at Perihelion"
1026:Guido, Ernesto; et al. (24 September 2012).
1025:
6998:
3159:
2723:"Mercury enters early morning comet traffic jam"
2279:
2189:"Meteor showers on Earth from sungrazing comets"
2118:
1866:"Newly spotted comet may outshine the full moon"
1859:
1857:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1788:
1522:
1520:
3338:NASA's Deep Impact Spacecraft Images Comet ISON
3303:"Anticipated STEREO observations of Comet ISON"
2871:. International Comet Quarterly. Archived from
2547:"Anticipated STEREO observations of Comet ISON"
2314:"Newfound Comet Could Look Spectacular in 2013"
2256:
2254:
1950:"Is Comet ISON Heading for Interstellar Space?"
1710:
1708:
1706:
1622:
1620:
771: â10, which was much brighter than Venus.
3309:"A Timeline Of Comet ISON's Dangerous Journey"
2802:
2714:
2587:
2549:. NASA STEREO Science Center. 27 February 2013
2187:Sekhar, A. & Asher, D. J. (January 2014).
1739:
1682:
1216:
1214:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
552:Position of comet remnants on 11 December 2013
6180:
3500:
3006:
2410:"Elements and Ephemeris for C/2012 S1 (ISON)"
2338:
2336:
2334:
2072:(Mailing list). Yahoo! Groups. Archived from
2066:"Re: C/2012 S1 (ISON), Some Further Thoughts"
1854:
1816:
1780:. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams.
1517:
1492:
1490:
1352:
1350:
1236:
1189:"Open the Great Comet Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON)"
1136:
1064:"MPEC 2013-W16 : COMET C/2012 S1 (ISON)"
759: â3 to â5, about the same brightness as
221:which was discovered on 21 September 2012 by
3227:"10 Lessons from the "Comet of the Century""
3131:
3029:
2972:
2561:
2251:
1770:
1703:
1688:
1617:
1459:
1168:Trigo-RodrĂguez, J. M.; et al. (2013).
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1021:
1019:
1017:
957:
955:
606: 18.8, far too dim to be seen with the
299:in January 2013 suggested that Comet ISON's
288:network. The discovery was announced by the
3192:Rasmussen, Frederick N. (5 December 2013).
3140:"Comet Nears Sun, Offering Planetary Clues"
3084:
2908:
2186:
2039:"JPL Close-Approach Data: C/2012 S1 (ISON)"
1890:
1629:"NASA Investigating the Life of Comet ISON"
1468:"Comet ISON, Presumed Dead, Shows New Life"
1431:
1288:
1211:
1093:
1066:. IAU Minor Planet Center. 26 November 2013
1045:
598:Discovery while entering inner Solar System
349:On 29 November 2013, the coma dimmed to an
277:from 28 January 2012 were quickly located.
6187:
6173:
3955:
3507:
3493:
2887:
2775:
2519:
2331:
1590:
1564:
1487:
1347:
1316:
1181:
407:The group reported their discovery to the
318:. Reports on 28 November 2013 (the day of
3191:
3109:
3051:
2979:Golubaev, A. V.; et al. (May 2014).
2950:"Will we have a Christmas comet in 2013?"
2947:
2941:
2899:
2861:
2541:
2539:
2463:
2412:. IAU Minor Planet Center. Archived from
2227:
2209:
2031:
1998:
1932:
1914:
1694:
1660:"BREAKING NEWS: Comet ISON Is Still Dead"
1651:
1386:
1078:
1014:
952:
409:Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams
5170:C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)
5145:C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)
5080:C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)
3263:, the NASA Comet ISON Observing Campaign
3165:
2808:
2694:
2688:
2630:
2593:
2567:
2343:Bakich, Michael E. (25 September 2012).
2155:
1969:
1242:
914:International Scientific Optical Network
893:
773:
660:
644:
584:
581:Brightness, observations, and visibility
259:International Scientific Optical Network
7007:Astronomical objects discovered in 2012
5180:C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)
2833:
2831:
2781:
2594:Gonzålez, Juan José (31 October 2013).
2369:
2149:
1596:
1526:
1496:
1419:
1356:
1222:"MPEC 2012-S63: Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON)"
404:ranged from 19.1 to as bright as 18.8.
6999:
3284:at the JPL Small-Body Database Browser
3224:
2948:Dickinson, David (25 September 2012).
2914:
2893:
2661:
2536:
2464:Dickinson, David (23 September 2013).
2404:
2402:
2342:
2305:
2063:
2057:
1976:Kaib, Nathan A.; et al. (2009). "
1941:
1794:
1499:"In ISON's Wake, a Trail of Questions"
6947:(enters interstellar space; Sep 2013)
6168:
5120:C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)
3954:
3488:
3346:by Bill Thompson at Sungrazing Comets
3137:
2753:"LASCO image dated 27 November 16:08"
2697:"Whoa. Take a Look at Comet ISON Now"
2596:"C/2012 S1, C/2012 X1, C/2013 R1, 2P"
2520:Delamere, Alan & McEwen, Alfred.
2088:
1947:
1863:
1829:
1657:
1544:
1465:
1437:
1294:
1268:
1243:Atkinson, Nancy (25 September 2012).
326:. However, later that day CIOC (NASA
3760:List of comets visited by spacecraft
2828:
2720:
2695:Atkinson, Nancy (15 November 2013).
2434:
2428:
2124:
1797:"Starwatch: The brightening of ISON"
1387:MacRobert, Alan (28 November 2013).
1262:
684:(MRO) detected Comet ISON. The twin
649:On 28 September 2013, NASA launched
6812:HerculesâCorona Borealis Great Wall
6305:(astrometric observation; Dec 2013)
6297:(ultraviolet observation; Sep 2013)
5205:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)
3138:Chang, Kenneth (27 November 2013).
2915:Beatty, Kelly (27 September 2012).
2811:"Is Comet C/2012 S1 ISON on Track?"
2631:Flanders, Tony (14 November 2013).
2568:Atkinson, Nancy (24 October 2013).
2522:"First HiRISE Images of Comet ISON"
2513:
2497:. 29 September 2013. Archived from
2399:
2311:
1782:Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams
1626:
1466:Chang, Kenneth (29 November 2013).
1440:"ISON Update for 22:00 UTC Nov. 28"
1322:
918:Near-Earth Object Confirmation Page
791:
13:
3352:by Erik Bryssinck at Astronomie.be
3328:ScienceCasts: Comet of the Century
3225:Powell, Cory S. (5 January 2014).
2917:"A "Dream Comet" Heading Our Way?"
2869:"Brightest comets seen since 1935"
2809:Musgrave, Ian (28 November 2013).
2782:Battams, Karl (27 November 2013).
2759:. 27 November 2013. Archived from
2345:"Comet ISON will light up the sky"
1830:Grego, Peter (25 September 2012).
1527:Battams, Karl (30 November 2013).
1497:Battams, Karl (29 November 2013).
1420:Battams, Karl (28 November 2013).
1357:Battams, Karl (28 November 2013).
1323:Fox, Karen C. (10 December 2013).
1271:"NASA's Swift Sizes Up Comet ISON"
827:
509:center of mass of the Solar System
431:naming guidelines. Comet ISON was
355:Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
182:337.3 km/s (755,000 mph)
14:
7053:
6194:
5345:C/1992 J1 (SpacewatchâRabinowitz)
5125:C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)
3358:Minor Planet Electronic Circulars
3254:
3039:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1864:Hecht, Jeff (25 September 2012).
1714:
1627:Fox, Karen C. (2 December 2013).
1597:Battams, Karl (2 December 2013).
1529:"If #ISON had a nucleus ..."
1195:. 12 October 2012. Archived from
923:
7012:Discoveries by Artyom Novichonok
6971:
6970:
6959:
6866:
6556:
6328:
6322:
6316:
6226:
6149:
6148:
5195:C/1927 X1 (SkjellerupâMaristany)
3573:
3567:
3330:by Science@NASA at YouTube.com (
3324:at NASA Solar System Exploration
3269:at NASA Solar System Exploration
3166:Atkinson, Nancy (30 July 2013).
2729:. Areavoices.com. Archived from
2524:. University of Arizona (HiRISE)
2156:Phillips, Tony (19 April 2013).
2133:. Areavoices.com. Archived from
2064:Bortle, J. (24 September 2012).
1948:Plait, Phil (25 November 2013).
1795:Pickup, Alan (13 October 2013).
1658:Levay, Zolt (20 December 2013).
1545:Boyle, Alan (30 November 2013).
1438:Plait, Phil (28 November 2013).
1297:"12 Cool Facts about Comet ISON"
1295:Plait, Phil (21 November 2013).
1269:Reddy, Francis (29 March 2013).
1103:Solution using the Solar System
939:Comet ISON has been compared to
838:Sternberg Astronomical Institute
557:
545:
429:International Astronomical Union
27:
6272:(mission to the Moon; Dec 2013)
5289:C/1970 K1 (WhiteâOrtizâBolelli)
5175:C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)
5165:C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)
5140:C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)
5115:C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)
5110:C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)
5105:C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)
5100:C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)
5095:C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)
5090:C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)
5059:C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)
5054:C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)
5049:C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)
5044:C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)
5039:X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)
3702:Observational history of comets
3305:at NASA's STEREO Science Center
3218:
3185:
2745:
2483:
1538:
1413:
995:
964:
284:Observatory in Italy using the
5324:C/1989 Y1 (SkorichenkoâGeorge)
5314:C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)
4721:P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)
2721:King, Bob (11 November 2013).
2435:Gary, Bruce (12 August 2013).
2383:. 23 July 2013. Archived from
2312:Rao, Joe (25 September 2012).
2102:. 22 July 2013. Archived from
1389:"Latest Updates on Comet ISON"
850:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
342:ampaign) members discovered a
1:
6291:(solar observation; Jun 2013)
5309:C/1983 H1 (IRASâArakiâAlcock)
3791:C/2023 A3 (TsuchinshanâATLAS)
2662:Bortle, John (13 June 2013).
2495:NASA Solar System Exploration
2125:King, Bob (19 October 2012).
2100:Comet ISON Observing Campaign
1572:"comet ISON's current status"
1422:"Alright we're calling it..."
1028:"New Comet: C/2012 S1 (ISON)"
1008:
834:Eurasian Astronomical Society
727:
273:from 28 December 2011 and by
7017:Discoveries by Vitaly Nevsky
6986:Category:2014 in outer space
6981:Category:2013 in outer space
6976:Category:2012 in outer space
5350:C/1993 Y1 (McNaughtâRussell)
5272:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)
4872:D/1993 F2 (ShoemakerâLevy 9)
4781:57P/du ToitâNeujminâDelporte
4273:57P/du ToitâNeujminâDelporte
3463:(2012 Nov 15 : 538 obs)
2839:"ISON Updates from the CIOC"
2287:"Hubble captures Comet ISON"
989:(semi-major axis of â145127)
712:, it passed the bright star
367:
7:
4841:226P/PigottâLINEARâKowalski
4213:45P/HondaâMrkosâPajduĆĄĂĄkovĂĄ
4193:41P/TuttleâGiacobiniâKresĂĄk
3724:Extraterrestrial atmosphere
2988:Astronomicheskii Tsirkulyar
2845:. U.S. Navy. Archived from
2633:"Comet ISON Comes to Life!"
2096:"Let History Be Our Guide?"
2017:10.1088/0004-637X/695/1/268
746:Around the time it reached
682:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
305:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
156:0.9999947 (near perihelion)
10:
7058:
7027:Near-Earth objects in 2013
6923:Herschel Space Observatory
6567:DENIS-P J082303.1â491201 b
5230:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)
5210:C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)
5150:X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)
5135:C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)
3755:List of missions to comets
3514:
3340:by JPL News at YouTube.com
3070:10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/L2
2570:"Why Is Comet ISON Green?"
2158:"Comet ISON Meteor Shower"
901:
589:Comet ISON, imaged by the
248:
33:Comet ISON as captured by
6954:
6915:
6892:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
6864:
6826:
6771:
6552:
6373:Asteroid close approaches
6362:
6337:
6314:
6279:
6248:(lunar orbiter; Sep 2013)
6236:
6222:
6200:
6144:
5618:
5515:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
5460:C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)
5332:
5160:C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)
5075:C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)
5034:C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)
5026:
5013:
5000:67P/ChuryumovâGerasimenko
4940:
4880:
4859:
4743:
4734:
4624:
4421:
4368:76P/WestâKohoutekâIkemura
4323:67P/ChuryumovâGerasimenko
3983:
3972:
3968:
3950:
3918:
3900:(BernardinelliâBernstein)
3768:
3747:
3689:
3582:
3565:
3526:
3522:
1986:The Astrophysical Journal
196:
186:
175:
162:
148:
134:
122:
112:
102:
86:
79:
71:
47:
42:
26:
6936:The Day the Earth Smiled
6260:(Mars orbiter; Nov 2013)
6254:(Mars orbiter; Nov 2013)
5220:C/1956 R1 (ArendâRoland)
5155:C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)
5130:C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)
4353:73P/SchwassmannâWachmann
4143:31P/SchwassmannâWachmann
4133:29P/SchwassmannâWachmann
3806:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)
3315:
3117:"Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON)"
2618:19 February 2014 at the
1778:"Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON)"
1756:Cometary Science Archive
1752:"Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON)"
946:
655:37 km (23 mi).
454:
437:Mount Lemmon Observatory
154:1.000000086 (epoch 1950)
5695:de KockâParaskevopoulos
5550:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
4751:11P/TempelâSwiftâLINEAR
4043:11P/TempelâSwiftâLINEAR
3891:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
3734:Small Solar System body
2664:"Comet ISON approaches"
889:
623:Spitzer Space Telescope
81:Orbital characteristics
6966:Outer space portal
6816:Water vapor plumes of
5530:C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)
5525:C/2013 US10 (Catalina)
5370:C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)
5267:C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)
5247:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)
4846:271P/van HoutenâLemmon
4806:107P/WilsonâHarrington
4801:97P/MetcalfâBrewington
4771:54P/de VicoâSwiftâNEAT
4647:4015 WilsonâHarrington
4491:147P/KushidaâMuramatsu
4456:107P/WilsonâHarrington
4446:97P/MetcalfâBrewington
4258:54P/de VicoâSwiftâNEAT
3017:. NASA. Release 14-038
2786:. CIOC. Archived from
1601:. CIOC. Archived from
1501:. CIOC. Archived from
1361:. CIOC. Archived from
1127:
1126:{\displaystyle e>1}
899:
886:and C/2012 S1 (ISON).
785:
677:
619:Hubble Space Telescope
594:
591:Hubble Space Telescope
523:of Comet ISON and the
359:Hubble Space Telescope
6925:retirement (Jun 2013)
6907:P/2013 P5 (PanSTARRS)
6887:C/2012 S4 (PANSTARRS)
6877:C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
6352:Chelyabinsk meteorite
6048:SpacewatchâRabinowitz
5610:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
5560:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
5540:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
5505:C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
5485:C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
5430:C/2006 A1 (PojmaĆski)
5420:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)
5400:C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)
5365:C/1997 L1 (ZhuâBalam)
5360:C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)
5355:C/1995 O1 (HaleâBopp)
5190:C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)
4836:206P/BarnardâBoattini
4358:74P/SmirnovaâChernykh
4268:56P/SlaughterâBurnham
4163:35P/HerschelâRigollet
3910:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
3871:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
3801:C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)
3776:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
2229:10.1093/mnrasl/slt143
1934:10.1093/mnrasl/sly019
1359:"Schrödinger's Comet"
1128:
902:Further information:
897:
777:
716:in the constellation
664:
645:Lead-up to perihelion
588:
419:approximately 8
6252:Mars Orbiter Mission
6224:Space probe launches
6028:SkjellerupâMaristany
5565:1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua
5475:C/2009 R1 (McNaught)
5465:C/2007 W1 (Boattini)
5440:C/2006 P1 (McNaught)
5425:C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)
5380:C/1999 F1 (Catalina)
5294:C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)
4964:26P/GriggâSkjellerup
4952:21P/GiacobiniâZinner
4791:72P/DenningâFujikawa
4348:72P/DenningâFujikawa
4248:52P/HarringtonâAbell
4223:47P/AshbrookâJackson
4118:26P/GriggâSkjellerup
4093:21P/GiacobiniâZinner
2929:on 30 September 2012
2168:on 21 September 2013
2076:on 28 September 2012
1878:on 26 September 2012
1842:on 27 September 2012
1727:on 28 September 2012
1111:
832:On 22 May 2014, the
493:orbital eccentricity
209:, formally known as
62:(at ISON-Kislovodsk
6902:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
6281:Space observatories
6097:WhiteâOrtizâBolelli
5600:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
5590:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
5570:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
5555:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
5545:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
5535:C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
5520:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
5490:C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)
5470:C/2009 F6 (YiâSWAN)
5445:C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)
5390:C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)
5284:C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)
5257:C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)
5242:C/1961 R1 (Humason)
5215:C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)
4726:(300163) 2006 VW139
4596:332P/IkeyaâMurakami
4501:156P/RussellâLINEAR
4383:79P/du ToitâHartley
4293:61P/ShajnâSchaldach
4278:58P/JacksonâNeujmin
4203:43P/WolfâHarrington
4103:23P/BrorsenâMetcalf
3905:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
3881:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
3876:C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)
3856:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
3826:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
3811:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
3277:Minor Planet Center
3062:2014ApJ...792L...2C
3000:2014ATsir1611....1G
2960:on 26 December 2012
2922:Sky & Telescope
2875:on 28 December 2011
2784:"Very quick update"
2733:on 15 November 2013
2669:Sky & Telescope
2638:Sky & Telescope
2220:2014MNRAS.437L..71S
2045:. 27 September 2021
2009:2009ApJ...695..268K
1925:2018MNRAS.476L...1D
1670:on 21 December 2013
1639:on 30 December 2019
1401:on 28 November 2013
1394:Sky & Telescope
985:(distance of 50000)
804:comets, among them
525:Great Comet of 1680
459:Comet ISON came to
413:Minor Planet Center
290:Minor Planet Center
271:Mount Lemmon Survey
169:Ejection trajectory
158:1.0002 (epoch 2050)
72:Discovery date
37:on 15 November 2013
23:
6882:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
6856:Nova Centauri 2013
6746:MOA-2011-BLG-262Lb
6347:Chelyabinsk meteor
6033:SkorichenkoâGeorge
5628:Aarseth-Brewington
5580:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
5500:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
5480:C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
5450:C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)
5410:C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)
5395:C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)
5385:C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)
5319:C/1989 X1 (Austin)
5304:C/1980 E1 (Bowell)
5185:C/1911 O1 (Brooks)
4888:D/1770 L1 (Lexell)
4796:80P/PetersâHartley
4511:162P/Siding Spring
4388:80P/PetersâHartley
4253:53P/Van Biesbroeck
4178:38P/StephanâOterma
3886:C/2015 G2 (MASTER)
3861:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)
3851:P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)
3841:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
3821:C/2020 F5 (MASTER)
3781:C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)
3322:Eyes on Comet ISON
3206:on 7 November 2018
3145:The New York Times
2849:on 12 January 2014
2790:on 5 February 2014
2763:on 2 December 2013
2602:on 4 November 2013
2291:SpaceTelescope.org
2239:on 2 December 2013
2137:on 8 February 2013
2106:on 6 December 2013
1717:"C/2012 S1 (ISON)"
1605:on 3 December 2013
1578:on 22 January 2014
1505:on 5 February 2014
1473:The New York Times
1365:on 5 February 2014
1335:on 17 January 2014
1199:on 4 November 2016
1123:
910:formal designation
900:
884:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
786:
757:apparent magnitude
753:forward scattering
678:
635:Amateur astronomer
604:apparent magnitude
595:
536:noctilucent clouds
503:is computed at an
489:two-body solutions
441:Gareth V. Williams
402:apparent magnitude
351:apparent magnitude
237:(ĐŃŃŃĐŒ ĐĐŸĐČĐžŃĐŸĐœĐŸĐș,
49:Discovered by
21:
7032:Sungrazing comets
6994:
6993:
6916:Space exploration
6312:
6311:
6162:
6161:
6140:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6132:
6131:
5747:IRASâArakiâAlcock
5585:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
5455:C/2007 N3 (Lulin)
5262:C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)
5252:C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)
5225:C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)
5200:C/1931 P1 (Ryves)
5009:
5008:
4936:
4935:
4898:18D/PerrineâMrkos
4776:55P/TempelâTuttle
4653:7968 ElstâPizarro
4571:273P/PonsâGambart
4516:168P/Hergenrother
4506:161P/HartleyâIRAS
4466:109P/SwiftâTuttle
4308:64P/SwiftâGehrels
4263:55P/TempelâTuttle
4078:18D/PerrineâMrkos
3946:
3945:
3933:Comets in fiction
3836:C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)
3831:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
3786:C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)
3712:Comet discoverers
3239:on 7 January 2014
3199:The Baltimore Sun
2843:Sungrazing Comets
720:. But due to the
568:
471:; 1,150,000
292:on 24 September.
235:Artyom Novichonok
204:
203:
75:21 September 2012
7049:
7022:Destroyed comets
6974:
6973:
6964:
6963:
6962:
6870:
6759:
6560:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6485:(511002) 2013 MZ
6480:
6478:
6477:
6473:(471240) 2011 BT
6468:
6466:
6465:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6449:(277475) 2005 WK
6444:
6442:
6441:
6437:(163364) 2002 OD
6432:
6430:
6429:
6425:(285263) 1998 QE
6420:
6418:
6417:
6408:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6332:
6326:
6320:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6189:
6182:
6175:
6166:
6165:
6152:
6151:
6110:
6088:
6080:Tago-Sato-Kosaka
5907:McNaughtâRussell
5595:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
5510:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
5495:C/2012 E2 (SWAN)
5435:C/2006 M4 (SWAN)
5415:C/2002 V1 (NEAT)
5405:C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)
5375:C/1998 J1 (SOHO)
5340:C/1990 K1 (Levy)
5299:C/1975 V1 (West)
5280:
5238:
5024:
5023:
4741:
4740:
4496:153P/IkeyaâZhang
4233:49P/ArendâRigaux
4023:7P/PonsâWinnecke
3981:
3980:
3970:
3969:
3952:
3951:
3928:Antimatter comet
3816:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
3697:Naming of comets
3577:
3571:
3524:
3523:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3298:Cometography.com
3294:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
3288:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
3282:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
3273:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
3261:ISONCampaign.org
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3235:. Archived from
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3202:. Archived from
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3096:Nightskyinfo.com
3088:
3082:
3081:
3055:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2985:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2956:. Archived from
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2925:. Archived from
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2672:. Archived from
2659:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2628:
2622:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2387:on 4 August 2013
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2353:. Archived from
2340:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2266:Nightskyinfo.com
2258:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2232:. Archived from
2231:
2213:
2193:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2164:. Archived from
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2002:
1982:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1918:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1874:. Archived from
1861:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1838:. Archived from
1827:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1748:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1723:. Archived from
1721:Cometography.com
1712:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1666:. Archived from
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1635:. Archived from
1624:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1397:. Archived from
1384:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1331:. Archived from
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1193:Neoastrasoft.com
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1102:
1091:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1060:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1023:
1003:
999:
993:
992:
991:
968:
962:
959:
904:Naming of comets
872:
862:
856:
792:After perihelion
765:Comet IkeyaâSeki
656:
570:
569:
549:
521:orbital elements
501:osculating orbit
467:(1,860,000
295:Observations by
225:(ĐŃŃĐ°Đ»Ń ĐĐ”ŃŃĐșŃ,
215:sungrazing comet
200:28 November 2013
92:14 December 2013
67:
31:
24:
22:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
20:
16:Oort cloud comet
7057:
7056:
7052:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7047:
7046:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6960:
6958:
6950:
6930:CassiniâHuygens
6911:
6860:
6822:
6767:
6753:
6548:
6540:
6539:
6536:
6528:
6527:
6524:
6511:
6510:
6507:
6499:
6498:
6495:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6475:
6474:
6471:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6439:
6438:
6435:
6427:
6426:
6423:
6415:
6414:
6413:(52760) 1998 ML
6411:
6404:
6381:
6380:
6377:
6358:
6333:
6327:
6321:
6308:
6275:
6218:
6215:
6209:
6196:
6193:
6163:
6158:
6128:
6104:
6082:
5620:
5614:
5605:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
5328:
5274:
5232:
5018:
5016:
5005:
4943:
4932:
4876:
4855:
4730:
4627:
4620:
4423:
4417:
4298:62P/Tsuchinshan
4288:60P/Tsuchinshan
4283:59P/KearnsâKwee
4048:12P/PonsâBrooks
3985:
3975:
3964:
3957:Lists of comets
3942:
3920:
3914:
3899:
3796:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
3764:
3743:
3685:
3578:
3572:
3563:
3518:
3513:
3361:
3318:
3257:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3011:
3007:
2983:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2913:
2909:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2676:on 16 June 2013
2660:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2629:
2625:
2620:Wayback Machine
2605:
2603:
2592:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2462:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2341:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2293:. 24 April 2013
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2191:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2032:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1946:
1942:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1862:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1828:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1793:
1789:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1715:Kronk, Gary W.
1713:
1704:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1625:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1543:
1539:
1525:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1495:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1464:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1436:
1432:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1385:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1355:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1092:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1024:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1000:
996:
982:
980:
975:
969:
965:
960:
953:
949:
926:
906:
892:
870:
866:
860:
854:
830:
828:Science results
794:
730:
694:diatomic carbon
654:
647:
600:
583:
578:
577:
576:
575:
574:
571:
558:
554:
553:
550:
457:
435:in analysis of
370:
251:
197:Last perihelion
157:
155:
114:
104:Observation arc
93:
61:
60:
56:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7055:
7045:
7044:
7039:
7037:Comets in 2013
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6968:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6940:
6926:
6919:
6917:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6873:
6871:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6832:
6830:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6775:
6773:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6765:
6760:
6748:
6739:
6734:
6733:
6732:
6727:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6690:
6687:
6679:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6647:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6620:
6614:
6610:blue color of
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6592:
6591:
6588:
6585:
6582:
6574:
6569:
6563:
6561:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6534:
6522:
6517:
6505:
6493:
6481:
6469:
6457:
6445:
6433:
6421:
6409:
6406:(7888) 1993 UC
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6375:
6369:
6367:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6343:
6341:
6335:
6334:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6306:
6298:
6292:
6285:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6261:
6255:
6249:
6242:
6240:
6231:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6210:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6191:
6184:
6177:
6169:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6102:WilsonâHubbard
6099:
6094:
6089:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5969:311P/PanSTARRS
5966:
5961:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5876:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5624:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5030:
5028:
5021:
5015:Near-Parabolic
5011:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4955:
4948:
4946:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4831:205P/Giacobini
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4716:358P/PANSTARRS
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4696:311P/PanSTARRS
4693:
4688:
4683:
4677:
4674:60558 Echeclus
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4644:
4638:
4632:
4630:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4616:460P/PanSTARRS
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4581:311P/PanSTARRS
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4536:205P/Giacobini
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4243:51P/Harrington
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4148:32P/Comas SolĂ
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4108:24P/Schaumasse
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3978:
3966:
3965:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3938:Comet vintages
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3658:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3639:Near-parabolic
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3617:Jupiter-family
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3588:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3467:MPEC 2012-U109
3464:
3461:MPEC 2012-V101
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3325:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3270:
3264:
3256:
3255:External links
3253:
3251:
3250:
3217:
3184:
3172:Universe Today
3158:
3130:
3108:
3083:
3028:
3005:
2971:
2940:
2907:
2886:
2860:
2827:
2801:
2774:
2744:
2713:
2701:Universe Today
2687:
2651:
2623:
2586:
2574:Universe Today
2560:
2535:
2512:
2501:on 6 July 2013
2482:
2470:Universe Today
2453:
2427:
2398:
2368:
2357:on 13 May 2019
2330:
2304:
2278:
2250:
2204:(1): L71âL75.
2179:
2148:
2117:
2087:
2056:
2030:
1993:(1): 268â275.
1979:
1968:
1940:
1889:
1853:
1815:
1787:
1769:
1738:
1702:
1681:
1664:Hubblesite.org
1650:
1616:
1589:
1563:
1537:
1516:
1486:
1458:
1430:
1412:
1376:
1346:
1315:
1287:
1261:
1249:Universe Today
1235:
1210:
1180:
1160:
1135:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1077:
1044:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1004:
994:
963:
950:
948:
945:
941:Comet Kohoutek
925:
924:Media coverage
922:
891:
888:
868:
829:
826:
824:on 8 January.
793:
790:
729:
726:
646:
643:
627:carbon dioxide
599:
596:
582:
579:
572:
556:
555:
551:
544:
543:
542:
541:
540:
456:
453:
388:, Russia, and
369:
366:
269:images by the
250:
247:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
190:
184:
183:
180:
173:
172:
166:
164:Orbital period
160:
159:
152:
146:
145:
138:
132:
131:
126:
120:
119:
116:
110:
109:
106:
100:
99:
90:
84:
83:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
51:
45:
44:
40:
39:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7054:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7002:
6987:
6983:
6982:
6977:
6969:
6967:
6957:
6956:
6953:
6946:
6945:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6932:
6931:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6920:
6918:
6914:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6863:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6846:V339 Delphini
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6819:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6770:
6764:
6761:
6757:
6752:
6751:PSO J318.5â22
6749:
6747:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6722:
6721:
6718:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6699:
6696:
6691:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6683:
6680:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:cloud map of
6615:
6613:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6589:
6586:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6544:
6535:
6532:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6515:
6506:
6503:
6494:
6491:
6482:
6479:
6470:
6467:
6458:
6455:
6446:
6443:
6434:
6431:
6422:
6419:
6410:
6407:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6390:367943 Duende
6388:
6385:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6361:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6339:Impact events
6336:
6331:
6325:
6319:
6304:
6303:
6299:
6296:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6239:
6235:
6232:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6202:
6199:
6195:2013 in space
6190:
6185:
6183:
6178:
6176:
6171:
6170:
6167:
6155:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6108:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6086:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6011:Siding Spring
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5617:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5012:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4939:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4851:289P/Blanpain
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4811:113P/Spitaler
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4766:27P/Crommelin
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4701:324P/La Sagra
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4680:118401 LINEAR
4678:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4623:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4576:289P/Blanpain
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4531:178P/HugâBell
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:141P/Machholz
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4123:27P/Crommelin
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3971:
3967:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3649:Unknown-orbit
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3560:
3559:Meteor shower
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3505:
3503:
3498:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3480:
3479:MPEC 2012-T08
3477:
3474:
3473:MPEC 2012-T73
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3455:MPEC 2012-W54
3453:
3450:
3449:MPEC 2012-X53
3447:
3444:
3443:MPEC 2012-Y30
3441:
3438:
3437:MPEC 2013-A85
3435:
3432:
3431:MPEC 2013-C52
3429:
3426:
3425:MPEC 2013-D50
3423:
3420:
3419:MPEC 2013-E40
3417:
3414:
3413:MPEC 2013-F20
3411:
3408:
3407:MPEC 2013-F47
3405:
3402:
3401:MPEC 2013-G31
3399:
3396:
3395:MPEC 2013-H38
3393:
3390:
3389:MPEC 2013-R59
3387:
3384:
3383:MPEC 2013-S08
3381:
3378:
3377:MPEC 2013-S75
3375:
3372:
3371:MPEC 2013-W13
3369:
3366:
3365:MPEC 2013-W16
3363:
3362:
3359:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3290:at Aerith.net
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3221:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3188:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3134:
3118:
3112:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3032:
3016:
3009:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2911:
2902:
2897:
2890:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2523:
2516:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2458:
2442:
2441:BruceGary.net
2438:
2431:
2416:on 5 May 2016
2415:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2183:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1972:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1871:New Scientist
1867:
1860:
1858:
1841:
1837:
1836:Astronomy Now
1833:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1697:
1692:
1685:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1621:
1604:
1600:
1599:"In Memoriam"
1593:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1533:
1530:
1523:
1521:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1426:
1423:
1416:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1351:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1013:
998:
990:
986:
978:
973:
967:
958:
956:
951:
944:
942:
937:
933:
931:
930:Astronomy Now
921:
919:
915:
911:
908:Comet ISON's
905:
896:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
863:
857:
851:
846:
844:
839:
835:
825:
823:
817:
815:
809:
807:
803:
799:
789:
784:
780:
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
744:
742:
741:Delta Scorpii
738:
734:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
676:
672:
668:
663:
659:
652:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
592:
587:
548:
539:
537:
533:
532:meteor shower
528:
526:
522:
517:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
365:
362:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:Vitaly Nevsky
220:
216:
212:
208:
199:
195:
191:
189:
185:
181:
179:
178:orbital speed
174:
170:
167:
165:
161:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
137:
133:
130:
127:
125:
121:
117:
111:
107:
105:
101:
97:
91:
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
59:
58:A. Novichonok
55:
52:
50:
46:
41:
36:
30:
25:
19:
6979:
6942:
6934:
6928:
6896:
6756:rogue planet
6572:Gliese 504 b
6520:3361 Orpheus
6300:
6267:
6238:Space probes
5841:C/2001 OG108
5751:
5633:ArendâRoland
5509:
4994:103P/Hartley
4984:(2005, 2011)
4970:19P/Borrelly
4918:75D/Kohoutek
4903:20D/Westphal
4826:177P/Barnard
4821:157P/Tritton
4816:122P/de Vico
4691:259P/Garradd
4526:177P/Barnard
4486:144P/Kushida
4471:122P/de Vico
4461:108P/Ciffréo
4451:103P/Hartley
4441:96P/Machholz
4373:77P/Longmore
4363:75D/Kohoutek
4218:46P/Wirtanen
4208:44P/Reinmuth
4138:30P/Reinmuth
4088:20D/Westphal
4083:19P/Borrelly
3681:Interstellar
3634:Non-periodic
3357:
3241:. Retrieved
3237:the original
3230:
3220:
3208:. Retrieved
3204:the original
3197:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3171:
3161:
3149:. Retrieved
3143:
3133:
3121:. Retrieved
3111:
3099:. Retrieved
3095:
3086:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3019:. Retrieved
3008:
2991:
2987:
2974:
2964:30 September
2962:. Retrieved
2958:the original
2953:
2943:
2933:28 September
2931:. Retrieved
2927:the original
2920:
2910:
2889:
2879:28 September
2877:. Retrieved
2873:the original
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2847:the original
2842:
2818:. Retrieved
2814:
2804:
2792:. Retrieved
2788:the original
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2761:the original
2756:
2747:
2735:. Retrieved
2731:the original
2726:
2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2700:
2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2674:the original
2667:
2642:. Retrieved
2636:
2626:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:the original
2589:
2577:. Retrieved
2573:
2563:
2551:. Retrieved
2526:. Retrieved
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:the original
2494:
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2469:
2444:. Retrieved
2440:
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2414:the original
2389:. Retrieved
2385:the original
2380:
2371:
2361:28 September
2359:. Retrieved
2355:the original
2348:
2323:28 September
2321:. Retrieved
2317:
2307:
2295:. Retrieved
2290:
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2265:
2241:. Retrieved
2234:the original
2201:
2195:
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2166:the original
2161:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:the original
2130:
2120:
2108:. Retrieved
2104:the original
2099:
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:the original
2069:
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2042:
2033:
1990:
1984:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1953:
1943:
1909:(1): L1âL5.
1906:
1902:
1892:
1882:28 September
1880:. Retrieved
1876:the original
1869:
1846:28 September
1844:. Retrieved
1840:the original
1835:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:The Guardian
1800:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1755:
1729:. Retrieved
1725:the original
1720:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:the original
1663:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1637:the original
1632:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:the original
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1576:the original
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1550:
1540:
1531:
1507:. Retrieved
1503:the original
1477:. Retrieved
1471:
1461:
1449:. Retrieved
1443:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:the original
1392:
1367:. Retrieved
1363:the original
1337:. Retrieved
1333:the original
1328:
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1300:
1290:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:
1264:
1254:28 September
1252:. Retrieved
1248:
1238:
1228:24 September
1226:. Retrieved
1201:. Retrieved
1197:the original
1192:
1183:
1170:
1163:
1151:. Retrieved
1148:JPL Horizons
1138:
1068:. Retrieved
1037:24 September
1035:. Retrieved
997:
988:
984:
976:
966:
938:
934:
929:
927:
907:
847:
831:
818:
810:
795:
787:
745:
731:
708:the morning
702:
679:
648:
612:
601:
529:
518:
513:JPL Horizons
477:solar radius
458:
424:
406:
371:
363:
348:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:tidal forces
309:
294:
279:
261:(ISON) near
252:
210:
206:
205:
171:(epoch 2050)
150:Eccentricity
115:observations
18:
6939:; Jul 2013)
6836:SN UDS10Wil
6807:z8_GND_5296
6797:anti-glitch
6794:1E 2259+586
6784:GRB 130427A
6772:Discoveries
6612:HD 189733 b
6606:HD 106906 b
6601:HD 100546 b
6105: [
6083: [
5979:C/2015 ER61
5688:C/2013 US10
5275: [
5233: [
4928:85D/Boethin
4923:83D/Russell
4908:25D/Neujmin
4711:354P/LINEAR
4669:167P/CINEOS
4659:165P/LINEAR
4641:2060 Chiron
4636:596 Scheila
4606:354P/LINEAR
4601:333P/LINEAR
4561:252P/LINEAR
4556:249P/LINEAR
4541:209P/LINEAR
4436:92P/Sanguin
4413:85D/Boethin
4403:83D/Russell
4398:82P/Gehrels
4378:78P/Gehrels
4328:68P/Klemola
4318:66P/du Toit
4228:48P/Johnson
4198:42P/Neujmin
4188:40P/VÀisÀlÀ
4168:36P/Whipple
4128:28P/Neujmin
4113:25D/Neujmin
4018:6P/d'Arrest
3921:speculation
3919:Culture and
3748:Exploration
3656:Great Comet
3612:Halley-type
3607:Long period
3311:at NASA.gov
3275:at the IAU
3151:27 November
3123:22 November
2901:1302.4621v1
2820:28 November
2794:28 November
2767:27 November
2737:18 November
2706:18 November
2644:14 November
2049:25 November
1961:25 November
1762:12 December
1731:12 December
1696:1404.5968v4
1674:21 December
1532:Twitter.com
1509:30 November
1479:29 November
1451:28 November
1425:Twitter.com
1405:28 November
1369:28 November
1339:11 December
1308:28 November
1070:27 November
1002:half-month.
878:inside the
814:Roche limit
798:light curve
767:in 1965 at
615:Deep Impact
447:imagery in
439:imagery by
390:CCD imaging
188:Inclination
7042:Oort cloud
7001:Categories
6897:Comet ISON
6744:candidate
6737:Kepler-78b
6645:Kepler-61b
6596:HD 95086 b
6577:Gliese 667
6554:Exoplanets
6053:Stonehouse
6006:SekiâLines
5954:Pan-STARRS
5944:Oukaimeden
5819:C/2000 WM1
5742:Ikeya-Seki
5619:After 1910
5575:2I/Borisov
5333:After 1990
5027:Until 1990
4944:spacecraft
4942:Visited by
4893:5D/Brorsen
4786:69P/Taylor
4761:17P/Holmes
4756:15P/Finlay
4706:331P/Gibbs
4626:Comet-like
4431:88P/Howell
4422:After 1985
4408:84P/Giclas
4338:70P/Kojima
4333:69P/Taylor
4183:39P/Oterma
4173:37P/Forbes
4153:33P/Daniel
4073:17P/Holmes
4068:16P/Brooks
4063:15P/Finlay
4053:13P/Olbers
4038:10P/Tempel
4013:5D/Brorsen
3984:Until 1985
3846:2I/Borisov
3729:Oort cloud
3661:Sungrazing
3644:Hyperbolic
3622:Encke-type
3554:Comet dust
3267:Comet ISON
3243:3 February
3210:3 February
3177:20 October
2954:Canada.com
2606:31 October
2579:31 October
2505:28 January
2243:12 October
1916:1802.00778
1808:16 October
1643:2 December
1609:2 December
1582:1 December
1556:9 December
1203:4 November
1153:22 January
1105:Barycenter
1009:References
882:of comets
843:sublimated
802:Oort cloud
783:perihelion
748:perihelion
728:Perihelion
698:binoculars
631:elongation
497:barycenter
485:Oort cloud
481:hyperbolic
461:perihelion
445:Pan-STARRS
433:precovered
421:arcseconds
386:Kislovodsk
320:perihelion
286:iTelescope
282:Remanzacco
275:Pan-STARRS
263:Kislovodsk
219:Oort cloud
207:Comet ISON
136:Perihelion
129:Oort cloud
124:Orbit type
108:2.15 years
98:2456640.5)
6944:Voyager 1
6851:SN 2013fs
6841:SN 2013ej
6789:Hippocamp
6779:Luhman 16
6763:ROXs 42Bb
6720:Kepler-69
6698:Kepler-68
6682:Kepler-65
6650:Kepler-62
6623:Kepler-37
6618:Kepler-7b
6363:Selected
6264:Chang'e 3
6119:ZhuâBalam
6073:C/2020 F8
6068:C/2012 E2
6063:C/2006 M4
6021:C/2013 A1
6016:C/2007 Q3
5996:PojmaĆski
5984:C/2017 K2
5974:C/2014 Q1
5964:C/2012 K1
5959:C/2011 L4
5949:ʻOumuamua
5939:Nishimura
5927:C/2002 V1
5922:C/2001 Q4
5900:C/2009 R1
5895:C/2006 P1
5873:C/2014 Q2
5868:C/2013 R1
5863:C/2011 W3
5858:C/2007 E2
5846:C/2007 F1
5829:C/2002 T7
5824:C/2001 A2
5814:C/1999 S4
5792:C/2019 U6
5787:C/2018 C2
5782:C/2012 F6
5735:C/1964 N1
5730:C/1963 A1
5720:Hyakutake
5710:Hale-Bopp
5683:C/1999 F1
5668:Bradfield
5643:Beljawsky
5621:(by name)
5064:C/1652 Y1
5019:(notable)
4988:C/2006 P1
4982:9P/Tempel
4958:1P/Halley
4881:Not found
4860:Destroyed
4744:Recovered
4686:238P/Read
4664:166P/NEAT
4628:asteroids
4591:323P/SOHO
4586:322P/SOHO
4566:255P/Levy
4551:246P/NEAT
4546:238P/Read
4521:169P/NEAT
4476:126P/IRAS
4424:(notable)
4343:71P/Clark
4238:50P/Arend
4098:22P/Kopff
4033:9P/Tempel
4028:8P/Tuttle
3993:1P/Halley
3896:C/2014 UN
3866:C/2017 U7
3627:Main-belt
3053:1408.2458
3046:(1). L2.
3021:12 August
2815:Astroblog
2727:Astro Bob
2528:2 October
2491:"BRRISON"
2475:4 October
2446:4 October
2350:Astronomy
2318:Space.com
2211:1310.3171
2141:1 January
2131:Astro Bob
2080:5 October
2070:comets-ml
2000:0901.1690
806:C/2011 L4
769:magnitude
722:full Moon
705:C/2013 R1
608:naked eye
449:HaleakalÄ
382:reflector
368:Discovery
338:bserving
312:full Moon
267:Precovery
255:reflector
239:Kondopoga
217:from the
211:C/2012 S1
113:Number of
54:V. Nevsky
43:Discovery
6802:M60-UCD1
6214: »
6154:Category
6043:Southern
5890:McNaught
5885:Machholz
5772:Kohoutek
5678:Catalina
5653:Boattini
4976:81P/Wild
4913:34D/Gale
4867:3D/Biela
4393:81P/Wild
4313:65P/Gunn
4303:63P/Wild
4158:34D/Gale
4058:14P/Wolf
4003:3D/Biela
3998:2P/Encke
3974:Periodic
3739:Asteroid
3676:Exocomet
3597:Numbered
3592:Periodic
3549:Antitail
3527:Features
3232:Discover
3078:26277035
2616:Archived
2553:28 April
2420:23 April
2391:1 August
2297:30 April
2172:23 April
2162:NASA.gov
2110:2 August
2043:NASA.gov
2025:16987581
1633:NASA.gov
1551:NBC News
1329:NASA.gov
1280:23 April
1275:NASA.gov
1097:output.
1095:Horizons
979:=42.1219
779:STEREO-B
710:twilight
690:cyanogen
394:software
213:, was a
140:0.01244
35:TRAPPIST
6865:Comets
6742:exomoon
6538:2013 YP
6526:2013 XY
6509:2013 TV
6497:2013 PJ
6461:2006 BL
6400:2013 ET
6395:2013 EC
6379:2012 YQ
6205:«
6114:YiâSWAN
5991:Pereyra
5934:NEOWISE
5853:Lovejoy
5799:Leonard
5767:Johnson
5762:Jacques
5757:Iwamoto
5715:Humason
5700:Eclipse
5658:Borisov
5648:Bennett
4008:4P/Faye
3707:Centaur
3690:Related
3671:Extinct
3534:Nucleus
3101:18 June
3058:Bibcode
2996:Bibcode
2994:: 1â4.
2853:21 July
2757:ESA.int
2680:14 June
2271:22 July
2216:Bibcode
2005:Bibcode
1978:2006 SQ
1921:Bibcode
981:√
972:â145127
822:Polaris
651:BRRISON
639:horizon
491:to the
398:Jupiter
301:nucleus
257:of the
249:History
231:Belarus
227:Vitebsk
6818:Europa
6295:Hisaki
5836:LONEOS
5809:LINEAR
5777:Lemmon
5705:Elenin
5673:Brooks
5663:Bowell
5638:Austin
5017:comets
5002:(2014)
4996:(2010)
4990:(2007)
4978:(2004)
4972:(2001)
4966:(1992)
4960:(1986)
4954:(1985)
4682:(176P)
4676:(174P)
4655:(133P)
4649:(107P)
3976:comets
3769:Latest
3717:LINEAR
3665:Kreutz
3516:Comets
3076:
2023:
987:â 0.5/
874:, and
686:STEREO
673:, and
671:Cancer
667:Gemini
378:Cancer
374:Gemini
243:Russia
233:) and
6828:Novae
6258:MAVEN
6246:LADEE
6109:]
6087:]
6001:Ryves
5912:Mrkos
5880:Lulin
5725:Ikeya
5279:]
5237:]
4643:(95P)
3986:(all)
3584:Types
3544:Tails
3332:story
3316:Media
3074:S2CID
3048:arXiv
2984:(PDF)
2896:arXiv
2237:(PDF)
2206:arXiv
2192:(PDF)
2021:S2CID
1995:arXiv
1955:Slate
1911:arXiv
1691:arXiv
1445:Slate
1302:Slate
1175:(PDF)
947:Notes
880:comae
761:Venus
737:LASCO
718:Virgo
714:Spica
505:epoch
455:Orbit
384:near
330:omet
297:Swift
192:62.4°
176:Max.
88:Epoch
6365:NEOs
6302:Gaia
6289:IRIS
6269:Yutu
6212:2014
6207:2012
6092:West
6058:SWAN
6038:SOHO
5917:NEAT
5804:Levy
5752:ISON
4736:Lost
4611:362P
3961:more
3602:Lost
3539:Coma
3245:2014
3212:2014
3179:2013
3153:2013
3125:2013
3103:2013
3023:2014
2992:1611
2966:2012
2935:2012
2881:2012
2855:2013
2822:2013
2796:2013
2769:2013
2739:2013
2708:2013
2682:2013
2646:2013
2608:2013
2581:2013
2555:2013
2530:2013
2507:2015
2477:2013
2448:2013
2422:2013
2393:2013
2381:NASA
2363:2012
2325:2012
2299:2013
2273:2013
2245:2013
2174:2013
2143:2013
2112:2013
2082:2012
2051:2012
1963:2013
1884:2012
1848:2012
1810:2013
1764:2013
1733:2013
1676:2013
1645:2013
1611:2013
1584:2013
1558:2013
1511:2013
1481:2013
1453:2013
1407:2013
1371:2013
1341:2013
1310:2013
1282:2013
1256:2012
1230:2012
1205:2016
1155:2023
1118:>
1072:2013
1039:2012
890:Name
876:dust
836:and
733:SOHO
692:and
443:and
425:ISON
417:coma
376:and
344:coma
334:SON
118:6682
6541:139
6512:135
6124:ZTF
3898:271
3296:at
3066:doi
3044:792
2224:doi
2202:437
2013:doi
1991:695
1980:372
1929:doi
1907:476
861:HNC
855:HCN
675:Leo
534:or
316:Sun
245:).
144:(q)
64:D00
7003::
6984:â
6978:â
6590:h?
6500:10
6476:15
6440:20
6416:14
6266:/
6107:de
6085:de
5277:de
5235:de
3229:.
3196:.
3170:.
3142:.
3094:.
3072:.
3064:.
3056:.
3042:.
2990:.
2986:.
2952:.
2919:.
2841:.
2830:^
2813:.
2755:.
2725:.
2699:.
2666:.
2654:^
2635:.
2572:.
2538:^
2493:.
2468:.
2456:^
2439:.
2401:^
2379:.
2347:.
2333:^
2316:.
2289:.
2264:.
2253:^
2222:.
2214:.
2200:.
2194:.
2160:.
2129:.
2098:.
2068:.
2041:.
2019:.
2011:.
2003:.
1989:.
1952:.
1927:.
1919:.
1905:.
1901:.
1868:.
1856:^
1834:.
1818:^
1799:.
1754:.
1741:^
1719:.
1705:^
1662:.
1631:.
1619:^
1549:.
1519:^
1489:^
1470:.
1442:.
1391:.
1379:^
1349:^
1327:.
1299:.
1273:.
1247:.
1213:^
1191:.
1146:.
1080:^
1047:^
1030:.
1016:^
983:1/
954:^
871:CO
864:,
858:,
743:.
700:.
669:,
511:.
473:mi
469:km
465:AU
241:,
229:,
142:AU
96:JD
6933:(
6758:)
6754:(
6730:c
6725:b
6713:d
6708:c
6703:b
6692:d
6689:c
6686:b
6675:f
6670:e
6665:d
6660:c
6655:b
6638:d
6633:c
6628:b
6587:g
6584:f
6581:e
6529:8
6488:5
6464:8
6452:4
6428:2
6382:1
6188:e
6181:t
6174:v
5071:)
3963:)
3959:(
3667:)
3663:(
3508:e
3501:t
3494:v
3334:)
3247:.
3214:.
3181:.
3155:.
3127:.
3105:.
3080:.
3068::
3060::
3050::
3025:.
3002:.
2998::
2968:.
2937:.
2904:.
2898::
2883:.
2857:.
2824:.
2798:.
2771:.
2741:.
2710:.
2684:.
2648:.
2610:.
2583:.
2557:.
2532:.
2509:.
2479:.
2450:.
2424:.
2395:.
2365:.
2327:.
2301:.
2275:.
2247:.
2226::
2218::
2208::
2176:.
2145:.
2114:.
2084:.
2053:.
2027:.
2015::
2007::
1997::
1965:.
1937:.
1931::
1923::
1913::
1886:.
1850:.
1812:.
1766:.
1735:.
1699:.
1693::
1678:.
1647:.
1613:.
1586:.
1560:.
1534:.
1513:.
1483:.
1455:.
1427:.
1409:.
1373:.
1343:.
1312:.
1284:.
1258:.
1232:.
1207:.
1157:.
1121:1
1115:e
1101:.
1074:.
1041:.
977:v
869:2
867:H
340:C
336:O
332:I
328:C
94:(
66:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_by_TRAPPIST_on_2013-11-15.jpg)