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Comedy of menace

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474:'s golf pro who would cry, in exasperation, 'When I say "Slowly Back" I don't mean "Slowly Back", I mean "Slowly Back." ' At another moment, the bullying pro would tell the hapless Sid to get behind the ball and he would vainly protest 'But it's behind all round it'. But, where in a music-hall sketch this kind of semantic by-play was its own justification, in Pinter it becomes a crucial part of the power-structure. … The pay-off comes when Gus, having dogmatically insisted that the accurate phrase is 'put on the kettle', suddenly finds an irritated Ben adopting the right usage. (91) 112:… in paper hats for a game of blind man's buff"; he suggests how "menace" in Pinter's plays "stands for something more substantial: destiny," and that destiny, "handled in this way—not as an austere exercise in classicism, but as an incurable disease which one forgets about most of the time and whose lethal reminders may take the form of a joke—is an apt dramatic motif for an age of conditioned behaviour in which orthodox man is a willing collaborator in his own destruction" (Wardle, "Comedy of Menace" 33; rpt. in 488:, stands in exact correspondence and relation to the idea" (91). In this example, the central image and central metaphor, the dumbwaiter, while "despatching ever more unlikely orders," serves as "both a visual gag and a metaphor for manipulative authority" (91), and therein lies its menace. When Ben instructs Gus verbally, while practicing their "routine" for killing their next victim, he leaves out the most important line, which instructs Gus to "take out" his "gun" (Pinter, 652:
his "papers" and "sort" himself "out" (113–16, 164), his refrain and excuse for everything (153, 175–79), he might just be able to accomplish Mick's hyperbolic pipe dream and "decorate the attic room out for " (164), leading Mick to accuse Davies of misrepresenting himself as "an experienced first-class professional interior and exterior decorator" (172–74), an absurd conclusion, given the tangible evidence of the down-and-out Davies before Mick (and the audience).
3031: 343:– about two men passing the time in a universe without meaning or purpose. You can see it as a cry of protest against a whimsically cruel God who treats man as His plaything – even the twelve matches that are mysteriously pushed under the door have been invested with religious significance . But it makes much more sense if seen as a play about the dynamics of power and the nature of partnership. Ben and Gus are both victims of some unseen authority 3041: 314:; "But it also applies to Gus, who, troubled by the nature of the mission to realise he is its chosen target; or, indeed to Ben, who, by his total obedience to a higher authority that forces him to eliminate his partner, exposes his own vulnerability" (89). As Gus "dumbly" awaits his fate, he may be a subservient partner who awaits orders from the "senior partner" Ben, but Ben too is subservient to 303:, as it closely resembles it; yet, despite the comedy and the sense of threat growing out of the menace, these works of Pinter and McDonagh are, in Pinter's words to Billington, also "doing something which can be described as political" (92). At the same time, had – and still has – an acute sense of the fragility of earthly happiness and of the terrors that haunt us even from infancy" (92). 791:" appears to dwell on a peculiar past family and sex life (373–74), while the Waiter engages in "interjections" spinning fantasied impossible memories of a grandfather who knew writers, other artists, and various other public figures of multiple decades and geographical locations too far apart to have been experienced personally in one man's lifetime (367, 375). 980:(2006). As Billington observes, this dramatic sketch inspired by Pinter's strong aversion to mobile phones is "very funny", but "as two people trade banalities over their mobile phones there is a hint of something ominous and unspoken behind the clichéd chat" (429), as illustrated in the following excerpt: 681:
There is always mischief lurking in the darkest corners. The world of The Caretaker is a bleak one, its characters damaged and lonely. But they are all going to survive. And in their dance to that end they show a frenetic vitality and a wry sense of the ridiculous that balance heartache and laughter.
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focuses on two characters, Gus and Ben; Gus is "the man who questions the agreed system and who is ultimately destroyed by his quest for meaning"; Ben, "the man who blindly obeys orders and thereby places himself at risk. (If the system can arbitrarily dispose of his partner, why not of him?)" (92).
162:'comedy of menace' quite a long time ago . I never stuck categories on myself, or on any of us . But if what I understand the word menace to mean is certain elements that I have employed in the past in the shape of a particular play, then I don't think it's worthy of much more exploration" (Gussow, 161:
are in a very different form. There isn't any menace at all.' " Later, when Gussow asked Pinter to expand on his view that he had "tired" of "menace", Pinter added: "when I said that I was tired of menace, I was using a word that I didn't coin. I never thought of menace myself. It was called
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The comic aspects of this play multiply, reaching a crescendo in Mick's monologue in Act Two describing his "deepest wishes" for decorating the attic room (161, 173) and falling with Davies, a tramp taken in out of the cold by his brother, suggesting that "if" he can "just get down to Sidcup" to get
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caught on and have been prevalent since the late 1950s in advertisements and in critical accounts, notices, and reviews to describe Pinter's early plays and some of his later work as well. As Merritt points out, among other examples of critics' usage of this and similar categories of Pinter's work,
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as he had applied it to Pinter's writing, Pinter himself also occasionally disavowed it and questioned its relevance to his work (as he also did with his own offhand but apt statement that his plays are about "the weasel under the cocktail cabinet"). For example, in December 1971, in his interview
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and others' accounts of the other two plays, Wardle proposes that "Comedy enables the committed agents and victims of destruction to come on and off duty; to joke about the situation while oiling a revolver; to display absurd or endearing features behind their masks of implacable resolution; to meet
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One set (the two couples seated at Table One) consists of brothers Lambert and Matt and their wives, Prue and Julie, who are sisters; the second set of diners (the couple seated at Table Two) consists of a banker and his young wife, Suki, who comically turns out to have had an affair with Lambert
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But when I'm sitting in this restaurant I suddenly find I have no psychopathic tendencies at all. I don't feel like killing everyone in sight, I don't feel like putting a bomb under everyone's arse. I feel something quite different, I have a sense of equilibrium, of harmony, I love my fellow
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magazine (1958), Susan Hollis Merritt points out that in "Comedy of Menace" Wardle "first applies this label to Pinter's work … describ Pinter as one of 'several playwrights who have been tentatively lumped together as the "non-naturalists" or "abstractionists" ' (28)" (Merritt 225). His
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The comedy in this "comedy of menace" often derives from such arguments between Gus and Ben, especially the one that occurs when "Ben tells Gus to go and light the kettle," a "semantic nit-picking that is a standard part of music-hall comedy": "All the great stage and film double acts –
103:', is a writer dogged by one image—the womb" (33). Mentioning the acknowledged "literary influences" on Pinter's work—"Beckett, Kafka and American gangster films"—Wardle argues that " 'The Birthday Party' exemplifies the type of comic menace which gave rise to this article." (225) 686:"Beyond the point" of the comedy (the "funny") lies the scary territory that threatens one's very existence (Billington 92), which Wardle and others commonly have "labeled" or "pigeonholed" (depending on one's perspective) as "menace" (Merritt 9–10). 190:. While still emphasizing Pinter's 'terrors' and the 'shiver beneath the laughter,' Gussow describes the play as 'a play of intrigue, with an underlying motif of betrayal' … Dukore calls the play 'a comedy (of menace or otherwise)' … (Merritt 10). 872:
seems vaguely menacing: "We need more people like you. Taking responsibility. Taking charge. Keeping the peace. Enforcing the peace. Enforcing peace. We need more like you" (379). This speech stressing "force" (in the repetitions of
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as hilarious ("one of Pinter's funniest plays", according to Billington ), the nature of the relationships of two sets of diners (three couples) having dinner in an upscale restaurant (which some critics assume that Pinter modeled on
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The crucial significance of the omission becomes clear only at the very end of the play, when "Gus enters through the door stage-right – the one marked for the intended victim – stripped of his gun and holster"; it becomes clear that
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Funny, but not too funny. As Pinter wrote, back in 1960: "As far as I am concerned The Caretaker IS funny, up to a point. Beyond that point, it ceases to be funny, and it is because of that point that I wrote it." (Jones)
125:, stating: "On the strength of 'The Birthday Party' and the pair of one-acters, I rashly applied the phrase 'comedy of menace' to Pinter's writing. I now take it back" ("There's Music" 130, as qtd. in Merritt 225–26). 640:—only the second of Pinter's full-length plays produced by then and the one that launched his career as a successful playwright in 1960 (Merritt 9, 226) —and to Pinter's later plays, scenes in both acts of 948:
My grandfather introduced me to the mystery of life and I'm still in the middle of it. I can't find the door to get out. My grandfather got out of it. He left it behind him and he didn't look back.
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diners. Now this is very unusual for me. Normally I feel—as I've just said—absoute malice and hatred towards everyone within spitting distance—but here I feel love. How do you explain it?
730:(2000), his last two full-length stage plays, exhibit his characteristic amalgam of the comic and the menacing, a sense of threat or impending doom; there is less comedy and more menace in 322:, manipulating both the mechanical dumbwaiter and them through its increasingly extravagant and thus comically inconvenient "orders" for increasingly exotic dishes, unnerving both of them. 588: 222:
points out that Wardle "once excellently" described its setting (paraphrasing Wardle), as "a banal living-room opens up to the horrors of modern history" (Billington 86).
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comically in an ostensibly-trivial wireless conversation, while still suggesting a residual bit of menace in the unsaid, developed as his last revue sketch
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364) – remains characteristically ambiguous; Billington describes one set of couples as "a strangely rootless bunch with a depleted sense of family" (405).
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because it is the only play of Pinter's that Wardle had seen at the time, yet he speculates on the basis of "descriptions of other plays, '
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Though "comedy of menace" is generally applied to Pinter's early work of the late 1950s through the middle of the 1960s, including
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and simultaneously planning their next wedding-anniversary dinner celebration (perhaps with a different set of wives) on their
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Despite those more-recent caveats regarding applying the phrase that he himself initially coined for Pinter's writing to
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said that 'couldn't any longer stay in the room with this bunch of people who opened doors and came in and went out.
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As the Waiter says in his apparently penultimate "interjection", in which one might detect intimations of mortality:
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after Gussow's 1971 "conversation" with Pinter, "Though he echoes Wardle's concept, Gussow seems to avoid using
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129, 146) also epitomise how comedy and menace still co-exist in Pinter's text and on Pinter's stage.
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Look at me. I'm basically a totally disordered personality; some people would describe me as a
482:, Billington observes, "contributes towards a necessary end"; for, "the image, as Pete says in 3065: 2979: 2463: 2380: 2167: 1932: 1498: 1253: 656: 2685: 2601: 2314: 2064: 2010: 1964: 1752: 1606: 1280: 1122: 720: 696: 330: 311: 119:"Just two years later" (1960), however, Wardle retracted "Comedy of Menace" in his review of 2648: 1470: 2964: 2660: 2458: 2370: 2319: 2002: 1940: 1908: 1793: 669: 2728: 2468: 8: 3080: 2324: 2034: 1638: 1592: 644:
in which Mick confronts an unsuspecting Davies and scares him almost speechless (Pinter,
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This being Pinter, the play has a metaphorical openness. You can interpret it as an
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See Merritt 5, 9–10, 225–28, 240, 310, and 326, citing articles by Wardle, Gussow's
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is only "funny, up to a point" and that "beyond that point" is why he wrote it:
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cited by Merritt, Wardle repeats and updates some of his first perspective on
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In "Comedy of Menace", as Merritt observes, on the basis of his experience of
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in the text are from this ed. of the play, which is accessible online via
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In discussing the first production of Pinter's first full-length play,
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It's a figure of speech! Light the kettle. It's a figure of speech!
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has been categorised as a "comedy of menace," so may be McDonagh's
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The Official Website of the International Playwright Harold Pinter
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Pinter in Play: Critical Strategies and the Plays of Harold Pinter
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Lambert and Matt reveal themselves to be rather uncouth bullies ("
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Early in his writing career Pinter admitted to three influences:
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If I say go and light the kettle I mean go and light the kettle.
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Lambert and Matt are distantly reminiscent of Gus and Ben from
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when reviewing the CSC Repertory Theatre's 1988 production of
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This kind of comic pedantry has precise echoes of the great
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See Wardle, "Comedy of Menace" 33, as qtd. in Merritt 225.
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is going to be "Ben's target" (Billington 92), as Ben's "
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pronounced with somewhat of a Judeo-English accent.)
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As the banker Russell interprets their explanation,
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While reviewers and other audience members describe
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as he had applied it initially to Pinter's writing:
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You've never missed that out before, you know that?
243:closely resembling and markedly influenced by it, 194:Selected examples from Pinter's plays and sketches 655:Pinter's friend the late film and stage director 347:a surrogate married couple quarrelling, testing, 3057: 2132:The Harold Pinter Archive in the British Library 1401:5 (July–Aug. 1958): 39–40. Rpt. in 239:(1960), as accentuated through the 2008 film by 429:Well, that's what you mean, don't you? The gas. 85:article "Comedy of Menace," Merritt continues, 48:, in reviewing Pinter's and Campton's plays in 1167: 952:And I'd like to make one further interjection. 586:In an entry on Pinter for the 1969 edition of 2175: 1506: 1419:New Theatre Voices of the Fifties and Sixties 521:I haven't taken my gun out, according to you. 497:[Ben frowns and presses his forehead] 626:. . . . But 'menace' is hardly the word for 198: 218:(1957), his authorised official biographer 2182: 2168: 1513: 1499: 738:predominate; a more comedy than menace in 1144: 1142: 1070:Oh you know ... all things considered ... 225: 80:Citing Wardle's original publications in 58:is a jocular play-on-words derived from 1432:5 (Sept. – Oct. 1958): 28–33. Rpt. in 718:(1965), even Pinter's late plays, like 689: 578: 212:(1958), which followed his first play, 38:. The term was coined by drama critic 3058: 1139: 2163: 1494: 1443:–––. "There's Music in That Room". 1413:, Tom Milne, and Owen Hale. London: 745: 173:(and Pinter's later qualifications), 1447:7 (July–Aug. 1960): 32–34. Rpt. in 1407:Reader: A Chronicle of the New Drama 806:catchall for warmonger, manager of 45:The Lunatic View: A Comedy of Menace 1471:Harold Pinter § External links 1379:(13). (Parenthetical citations to 1053:I do know. But apart from that ...? 253:cross-talk and the urban thriller: 13: 1242:. Rpt. New York: Limelight, 2004. 1005:I'm terribly well. How about you? 997:Very well. And you? Are you well? 776:when she was 18 (Billington 104). 14: 3092: 1520: 1464: 1078:I know. But apart from that ...? 966:"Apart From That" (Sketch) (2006) 421:What do you mean, I mean the gas? 3039: 3030: 3029: 659:, who directed the play for the 462:As Billington observes further, 22:is the body of plays written by 1417:, 1965. 76–78. (Reissued as: 734:, in which heavy echoes of the 604:, American gangster films, and 589:The Encyclopedia of World Drama 351:and raking over old times. (90) 169:Despite Wardle's retraction of 1195:Bibliography for Harold Pinter 1188: 1176: 1155: 1045:Apart from ... oh you know ... 1029:Apart from ... oh you know ... 1013:Really well. I'm really well. 565:revolver levelled at the door 318:, a contemporary variation on 54:in 1958. (Campton's subtitle 1: 1995:The French Lieutenant's Woman 1309:20 (Spring/Summer 2006): 5–8. 950:He got that absolutely right. 870:peaceful strategy consultants 545:After you've closed the door. 128:After Wardle's retraction of 75: 1357:: Two Plays by Harold Pinter 1208:. 1996. Rev. ed. London: 855:[He switches it off] 571:Ben fires any shot (Pinter, 505:You've missed something out. 233:In his second one-act play, 7: 1428:–––. "Comedy of Menace". 1091: 839:[He switches it on] 537:After I've closed the door. 449:How can you light a kettle? 10: 3097: 2189: 2137:Harold Pinter and politics 2127:Relationship with academia 1769:Remembrance of Things Past 1468: 1397:. "The Birthday Party". 1266:Roundabout Theatre Company 1192: 1182:quoted in Billington 90–91 956:[He stands still.] 3025: 2890: 2798: 2704: 2569: 2487: 2451: 2444: 2435: 2338: 2307: 2298: 2197: 2099: 1900: 1779: 1528: 1389:Nobel Prize in Literature 1262:Front & Center Online 1228:Conversations with Pinter 1150:Conversations with Pinter 787:of my childhood" ), the " 164:Conversations with Pinter 2081:The Tragedy of King Lear 2043:The Comfort of Strangers 1477:"Plays by Harold Pinter" 1264:("The Online Version of 1133: 567:", though the play ends 2479:Theatre of ancient Rome 2142:Art, Truth and Politics 1891:The Pres and an Officer 1275:Merritt, Susan Hollis. 349:talking past each other 306:The "punning title" of 3076:Plays by Harold Pinter 1933:The Quiller Memorandum 1305:. "Apart From That". 1086:Sorry. I've lost you. 684: 634: 529:You take your gun out— 476: 353: 257:cross-fertilises with 105: 2686:Theatre of the Absurd 1980:The Proust Screenplay 1258:"Travels with Harold" 1123:Theatre of the Absurd 849:(He listens briefly.) 679: 598: 464: 327: 143:recalled that "After 87: 2661:Shakespearean comedy 2459:Ancient Greek comedy 1794:Trouble in the Works 1359:. 1960. New York: 1351:–––. The Caretaker 1326:The Essential Pinter 960:[Slow fade.] 835:Who the fuck's this? 690:Pinter's later plays 417:(his eyes narrowing) 2051:The Handmaid's Tale 2027:The Heat of the Day 1819:That's Your Trouble 1787:The Black and White 1732:The New World Order 1202:Billington, Michael 800:Strategy consultant 366:Abbott and Costello 273:William Shakespeare 2649:ComĂ©die larmoyante 2644:Sentimental comedy 2639:Restoration comedy 2602:Commedia dell'arte 2474:Corral de comedias 2122:Honours and awards 2073:The Dreaming Child 1973:Langrishe, Go Down 1949:The Birthday Party 1845:Dialogue for Three 1545:The Birthday Party 1457:New Theatre Voices 1438:New Theatre Voices 1314:The Birthday Party 919:It's the ambience. 712:(1965, 1968), and 661:Roundabout Theatre 617:The Birthday Party 316:The Powers That Be 220:Michael Billington 209:The Birthday Party 200:The Birthday Party 188:The Birthday Party 179:comedies of menace 133:with Pinter about 109:The Birthday Party 92:The Birthday Party 3053: 3052: 2831:Musical comedians 2794: 2793: 2592:Comedy of manners 2587:Comedy of humours 2577:Boulevard theatre 2565: 2564: 2469:ComĂ©die-Italienne 2464:ComĂ©die-Française 2431: 2430: 2157: 2156: 1925:The Pumpkin Eater 1780:Dramatic sketches 1725:Mountain Language 1434:The Encore Reader 1377:978-0-8021-5087-5 1346:978-0-8021-4269-6 1297:978-0-8223-1674-9 1218:978-0-571-23476-9 1098:Comedy of manners 816:covert operations 812:counter-terrorism 393:You mean the gas. 325:Billington adds: 114:The Encore Reader 61:comedy of manners 3088: 3043: 3033: 3032: 2980:Self-referential 2597:Comedy of menace 2449: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2305: 2304: 2184: 2177: 2170: 2161: 2160: 2100:Related articles 1879:Press Conference 1717:One for the Road 1709:Victoria Station 1701:A Kind of Alaska 1515: 1508: 1501: 1492: 1491: 1481:HaroldPinter.org 1411:Charles Marowitz 1183: 1180: 1174: 1171: 1165: 1159: 1153: 1146: 814:, or orderer of 789:maĂ®tress d'hĂ´tel 594:comedy of menace 478:"Everything" in 331:Absurdist comedy 184:comedy of menace 175:Comedy of menace 171:comedy of menace 130:comedy of menace 56:Comedy of Menace 20:Comedy of menace 16:Theatrical genre 3096: 3095: 3091: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3086: 3085: 3056: 3055: 3054: 3049: 3021: 2886: 2868:Animated sitcom 2790: 2756:Musical theatre 2706: 2700: 2676:Stand-up comedy 2622:One-person show 2612:Improvisational 2561: 2483: 2427: 2381:Science fiction 2334: 2294: 2215:Comedy festival 2193: 2188: 2158: 2153: 2148:Pinter's People 2117:Characteristics 2095: 1987:The Last Tycoon 1896: 1885:Apart From That 1775: 1553:The Dumb Waiter 1524: 1519: 1473: 1467: 1462: 1381:The Dumb Waiter 1355:The Dumb Waiter 1272:. 9 Oct. 2007. 1232:Nick Hern Books 1210:Faber and Faber 1197: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1168: 1164:Billington 106. 1160: 1156: 1147: 1140: 1136: 1094: 1080: 1072: 1055: 1047: 1039: 1031: 1023: 1015: 1007: 999: 991: 977:Apart From That 968: 958: 954: 951: 949: 926:The Dumb Waiter 913: 904: 896: 857: 853: 841: 837: 829: 823:[Lambert's 751: 692: 623:The Dumb Waiter 584: 573:The Dumb Waiter 547: 539: 531: 523: 515: 507: 499: 490:The Dumb Waiter 480:The Dumb Waiter 451: 443: 431: 423: 411: 403: 395: 387: 379: 320:Deus ex machina 308:The Dumb Waiter 297:The Dumb Waiter 292:The Dumb Waiter 241:Martin McDonagh 236:The Dumb Waiter 231: 227:The Dumb Waiter 204: 196: 101:The Dumb Waiter 78: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3094: 3084: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3047: 3037: 3026: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 3003: 3002: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2943: 2938: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2896: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2884: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2860: 2855: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2736:ComĂ©die-ballet 2733: 2732: 2731: 2726: 2716: 2710: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2681:Street theatre 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 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1929: 1921: 1913: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1876: 1873:God's District 1870: 1862: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1816: 1810: 1804: 1801:The Last to Go 1798: 1790: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1773: 1765: 1757: 1753:Ashes to Ashes 1749: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1721: 1713: 1705: 1697: 1689: 1681: 1673: 1667: 1659: 1651: 1643: 1635: 1631:The Homecoming 1627: 1619: 1611: 1607:The Collection 1603: 1597: 1589: 1581: 1573: 1565: 1557: 1549: 1541: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1518: 1517: 1510: 1503: 1495: 1489: 1488: 1469:Main article: 1466: 1465:External links 1463: 1461: 1460: 1441: 1426: 1395:Wardle, Irving 1392: 1349: 1310: 1303:Pinter, Harold 1300: 1273: 1251: 1221: 1198: 1193:Main article: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1184: 1175: 1166: 1154: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1063: 1061:How about you? 967: 964: 963: 962: 922: 921: 866: 865: 810:, purveyor of 781:maĂ®tre d'hĂ´tel 764:, in London's 750: 744: 732:Ashes to Ashes 721:Ashes to Ashes 715:The Homecoming 697:The Collection 691: 688: 606:Samuel Beckett 583: 577: 556: 555: 513:I know. What? 472:Jerry Desmonde 460: 459: 285:Samuel Beckett 281:Cyril Tourneur 255:Hackney Empire 230: 224: 203: 197: 195: 192: 146:The Homecoming 77: 74: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3093: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3066:British drama 3064: 3063: 3061: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3036: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3012:Ventriloquism 3010: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2965:Observational 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2776:OpĂ©ra comique 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2766:OpĂ©ra bouffon 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2724:CafĂ©-chantant 2722: 2721: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2666:Sketch comedy 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2250:Impressionist 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2220:Comedy troupe 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2166: 2165: 2162: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1909:The Caretaker 1906: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1813:Special Offer 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1771: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1693:Family Voices 1690: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1677:No Man's Land 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1577:The Caretaker 1574: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1561:A Slight Ache 1558: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1522:Harold Pinter 1516: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1472: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1369:0-8021-5087-X 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1338:0-8021-4269-9 1335: 1331: 1328:. New York: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318:The Caretaker 1315: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1289:0-8223-1674-9 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1248:0-87910-179-2 1245: 1241: 1240:1-85459-201-7 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1206:Harold Pinter 1203: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1179: 1170: 1163: 1158: 1151: 1145: 1143: 1138: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 983: 982: 981: 979: 978: 973: 972:mobile phones 970:Pinter mocks 961: 957: 953: 945: 942: 941: 940: 937: 935: 931: 927: 920: 916: 912: 907: 903: 899: 895: 893: 889: 883: 880: 879: 878: 876: 871: 864: 860: 856: 852: 850: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 826: 821: 820: 819: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 792: 790: 786: 782: 777: 773: 771: 767: 763: 758: 757: 748: 743: 741: 737: 733: 729: 728: 723: 722: 717: 716: 711: 710: 705: 704: 699: 698: 687: 683: 678: 676: 675:The Caretaker 672: 671: 666: 665:New York City 662: 658: 653: 649: 647: 646:The Caretaker 643: 642:The Caretaker 639: 638:The Caretaker 633: 631: 630: 629:The Caretaker 625: 624: 619: 618: 613: 612: 607: 603: 597: 595: 591: 590: 581: 580:The Caretaker 576: 574: 570: 566: 562: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 495: 494: 493: 491: 487: 486: 481: 475: 473: 469: 463: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 371: 370: 369: 367: 363: 359: 352: 350: 346: 342: 338: 337: 332: 326: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 304: 302: 298: 295:As Pinter's 293: 288: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 265: 260: 256: 252: 248: 247: 242: 238: 237: 228: 223: 221: 217: 216: 211: 210: 201: 191: 189: 185: 180: 176: 172: 167: 165: 160: 159: 154: 153: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 131: 126: 124: 123: 122:The Caretaker 117: 115: 110: 104: 102: 98: 94: 93: 86: 83: 73: 71: 67: 63: 62: 57: 53: 52: 47: 46: 41: 40:Irving Wardle 37: 36:Harold Pinter 33: 32:N. F. Simpson 29: 25: 24:David Campton 21: 2873:Black sitcom 2853:Mockumentary 2761:OpĂ©ra bouffe 2729:CafĂ©-théâtre 2714:Ballad opera 2632:Harlequinade 2596: 2582:Comedy-drama 2361:Mockumentary 2245:Impersonator 2225:Comic timing 2146: 2112:Bibliography 2087: 2079: 2071: 2063: 2057: 2049: 2041: 2033: 2025: 2019:Turtle Diary 2017: 2009: 2006:(1982, 1983) 2001: 1993: 1985: 1979: 1971: 1963: 1955: 1947: 1939: 1931: 1923: 1915: 1907: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1864: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1836: 1830: 1824: 1818: 1812: 1807:Request Stop 1806: 1800: 1792: 1786: 1767: 1759: 1751: 1743: 1737: 1731: 1723: 1715: 1707: 1699: 1691: 1683: 1675: 1669: 1661: 1653: 1645: 1639:The Basement 1637: 1629: 1621: 1613: 1605: 1599: 1593:Night School 1591: 1583: 1575: 1569:The Hothouse 1567: 1559: 1551: 1543: 1535: 1484: 1480: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1423:Eyre Methuen 1418: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1385:Google Books 1380: 1356: 1352: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1306: 1276: 1261: 1254:Jones, David 1227: 1205: 1178: 1169: 1157: 1149: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1021:I'm so glad. 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 989:How are you? 988: 984: 975: 969: 959: 955: 947: 943: 938: 925: 923: 918: 914: 909: 905: 901: 897: 894:"Am I right? 891: 885: 881: 874: 869: 867: 862: 858: 854: 848: 847:Yes? What?" 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 825:mobile phone 822: 799: 793: 788: 785:public house 780: 778: 774: 769: 754: 752: 746: 739: 731: 725: 719: 713: 707: 701: 695: 693: 685: 680: 674: 668: 654: 650: 645: 641: 637: 635: 627: 621: 620:. . . or to 615: 609: 599: 593: 587: 585: 579: 572: 568: 564: 560: 557: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 489: 483: 479: 477: 465: 461: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 437:(powerfully) 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 354: 344: 334: 333:– a kind of 328: 324: 307: 305: 300: 296: 291: 289: 277:John Webster 262: 244: 234: 232: 226: 213: 207: 205: 199: 187: 183: 178: 174: 170: 168: 163: 156: 150: 144: 134: 129: 127: 120: 118: 113: 108: 106: 90: 88: 81: 79: 69: 65: 59: 55: 49: 43: 28:Nigel Dennis 19: 18: 2941:Documentary 2937:(dry humor) 2900:Alternative 2878:Teen sitcom 2771:Opera buffa 2746:Light music 2741:Comedy club 2691:Tragicomedy 2656:Shadow play 1917:The Servant 1901:Screenplays 1761:Celebration 1585:A Night Out 1421:. London: 1361:Grove Press 1330:Grove Press 1322:Celebration 1224:Gussow, Mel 1189:Works cited 804:euphemistic 802:could be a 770:Celebration 756:Celebration 747:Celebration 740:Celebration 727:Celebration 724:(1996) and 657:David Jones 602:Franz Kafka 385:The kettle. 377:Light what? 269:Franz Kafka 264:The Killers 89:centers on 3081:Literature 3060:Categories 2848:Television 2751:Music hall 2696:Vaudeville 2617:Macchietta 2607:Double act 2516:Indonesia 2510:Mo lei tau 2506:Hong Kong 2500:Xiangsheng 2371:Remarriage 2280:Visual gag 2270:Punch line 2265:Prank call 2058:Party Time 1825:That's All 1738:Party Time 1600:The Dwarfs 1230:. London: 1128:Vaudeville 1118:Music hall 1113:Kafkaesque 888:psychopath 827:rings] 796:Teddy boys 485:The Dwarfs 341:Birmingham 312:dumbwaiter 251:music-hall 141:Mel Gussow 76:Background 2995:Slapstick 2920:Christian 2915:Character 2892:Subgenres 2707:and dance 2627:Pantomime 2413:Slapstick 2386:Screwball 2290:Word play 2065:The Trial 1866:Precisely 1851:Umbrellas 1838:Applicant 1831:Interview 1745:Moonlight 1670:Monologue 1663:Old Times 1647:Landscape 1623:Tea Party 1615:The Lover 1363:, 1988. 1332:, 2006. 1283:, 1995. 1212:, 2007. 1108:Grotesque 1103:Film noir 892:(to Suki) 875:Enforcing 808:terrorism 736:Holocaust 709:Tea Party 703:The Lover 492:114–15): 468:Sid Field 401:Who does? 301:In Bruges 259:Hemingway 246:In Bruges 166:18, 24). 152:Landscape 136:Old Times 3035:Category 2970:Physical 2781:Operetta 2555:Sarugaku 2423:Thriller 2315:American 2235:Humorist 2205:Comedian 2003:Betrayal 1941:Accident 1685:Betrayal 1537:The Room 1425:, 1981.) 1234:, 1994. 1092:See also 779:As the " 766:West End 706:(1963), 700:(1961), 670:Betrayal 215:The Room 97:The Room 3007:Surreal 2935:Deadpan 2821:Hip hop 2719:Cabaret 2445:Country 2437:Theatre 2401:Mexican 2396:Italian 2376:Romance 2351:Fantasy 2330:Italian 2320:British 2308:Country 2035:Reunion 2011:Victory 1655:Silence 1459:129–32. 1451:Encore 1415:Methuen 1409:. Ed. 1405:Encore 1371:(10). 1340:(10). 1291:(10). 1281:Duke UP 1037:I know. 934:mobiles 930:Perrier 906:Russell 882:Russell 859:Lambert 843:Lambert 831:Lambert 762:The Ivy 409:You do. 362:Warriss 158:Silence 99:' and ' 70:manners 3071:Comedy 3045:Portal 3017:Zombie 3000:Topics 2960:Insult 2955:Horror 2930:Cringe 2863:Sitcom 2826:Parody 2550:Rakugo 2545:Owarai 2540:Manzai 2535:KyĹŤgen 2531:Japan 2525:Ludruk 2520:Lenong 2452:Europe 2418:Stoner 2408:Silent 2366:Parody 2356:Horror 2346:Action 2325:French 2275:Satire 2240:Humour 2198:Topics 2191:Comedy 2092:(2007) 2089:Sleuth 2084:(2000) 2076:(1997) 2068:(1993) 2060:(1992) 2054:(1990) 2046:(1989) 2038:(1989) 2030:(1988) 2022:(1984) 2014:(1982) 1998:(1981) 1990:(1974) 1982:(1972) 1976:(1970) 1968:(1969) 1960:(1970) 1952:(1968) 1944:(1966) 1936:(1965) 1928:(1963) 1920:(1963) 1912:(1963) 1893:(2018) 1887:(2006) 1881:(2002) 1875:(1997) 1869:(1983) 1861:(1969) 1853:(1960) 1847:(1959) 1841:(1959) 1833:(1959) 1827:(1959) 1821:(1959) 1815:(1959) 1809:(1959) 1803:(1959) 1797:(1959) 1789:(1959) 1772:(2000) 1764:(1999) 1756:(1996) 1748:(1993) 1740:(1991) 1734:(1991) 1728:(1988) 1720:(1984) 1712:(1982) 1704:(1982) 1696:(1980) 1688:(1978) 1680:(1974) 1672:(1972) 1666:(1970) 1658:(1968) 1650:(1967) 1642:(1966) 1634:(1964) 1626:(1964) 1618:(1962) 1610:(1961) 1602:(1960) 1596:(1960) 1588:(1959) 1580:(1959) 1572:(1958) 1564:(1958) 1556:(1957) 1548:(1957) 1540:(1957) 1453:Reader 1445:Encore 1440:86–91. 1430:Encore 1399:Encore 1375:  1367:  1344:  1336:  1324:. In 1320:, and 1312:–––. 1295:  1287:  1246:  1238:  1220:(13). 1216:  944:Waiter 749:(2000) 582:(1960) 575:121). 569:before 435:  415:  279:, and 229:(1960) 202:(1958) 82:Encore 68:being 66:menace 51:Encore 34:, and 2985:Shock 2925:Clown 2905:Black 2858:Roast 2843:Radio 2838:Novel 2811:Album 2806:Music 2799:Media 2786:Revue 2705:Music 2570:Genre 2495:China 2339:Genre 2255:Irony 2230:Farce 2107:Works 1858:Night 1529:Plays 1307:AretĂ© 1299:(13). 1134:Notes 863:Cunt. 663:, in 358:Jewel 336:Godot 116:91). 2990:Sick 2975:Prop 2946:High 2910:Blue 2816:Rock 2671:Spex 2488:Asia 2300:Film 2260:Joke 1455:and 1436:and 1373:ISBN 1365:ISBN 1342:ISBN 1334:ISBN 1293:ISBN 1285:ISBN 1244:ISBN 1236:ISBN 1214:ISBN 1082:Gene 1074:Lake 1066:Gene 1057:Lake 1049:Gene 1041:Lake 1033:Gene 1025:Lake 1017:Gene 1009:Lake 1001:Gene 993:Lake 985:Gene 915:Suki 902:Yes. 898:Suki 890:." 360:and 177:and 155:and 2950:low 2391:Sex 2285:Wit 1479:at 1449:The 1403:The 1353:and 1270:Web 1260:. 1256:. 1204:. 1162:Cf. 611:sic 549:Gus 541:Ben 533:Gus 525:Ben 517:Gus 509:Ben 501:Gus 453:Ben 445:Gus 433:Ben 425:Gus 413:Ben 405:Gus 397:Ben 389:Gus 381:Ben 373:Gus 345:and 339:in 261:'s 3062:: 2948:/ 1483:: 1391:.) 1316:, 1226:. 1141:^ 1084:: 1076:: 1068:: 1059:: 1051:: 1043:: 1035:: 1027:: 1019:: 1011:: 1003:: 995:: 987:: 946:: 936:. 917:: 908:: 900:: 884:: 861:: 845:: 833:: 818:. 561:he 551:: 543:: 535:: 527:: 519:: 511:: 503:: 455:: 447:: 439:: 427:: 419:: 407:: 399:: 391:: 383:: 375:: 364:, 275:, 139:, 30:, 26:, 2183:e 2176:t 2169:v 1514:e 1507:t 1500:v 1250:. 64:—

Index

David Campton
Nigel Dennis
N. F. Simpson
Harold Pinter
Irving Wardle
The Lunatic View: A Comedy of Menace
Encore
comedy of manners
The Birthday Party
The Room
The Dumb Waiter
The Caretaker
Old Times
Mel Gussow
The Homecoming
Landscape
Silence
The Birthday Party
The Room
Michael Billington
The Dumb Waiter
Martin McDonagh
In Bruges
music-hall
Hackney Empire
Hemingway
The Killers
Franz Kafka
William Shakespeare
John Webster

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