Music hall - Knowledge

888: 2362: 1127: 3645: 1460: 420: 501: 6002: 5953: 5904: 5866: 5843: 5820: 2351: 283: 1014:(LCC) enacted that drinking be banished from the auditorium into a separate bar and, during 1923, the separate bar was abolished by parliamentary decree. The exemption of the theatres from this latter act prompted some critics to denounce this legislation as an attempt to deprive the working classes of their pleasures, as a form of social control, whilst sparing the supposedly more responsible upper classes who patronised the theatres (though this could be due to the licensing restrictions brought about due to the 803: 1074:, the largest British music hall chain, closed the majority of its theatres in 1960, closely followed by the death of music hall stalwart Max Miller in 1963, prompting one contemporary to write that: "Music-halls ... died this afternoon when they buried Max Miller". Miller himself had sometimes said that the genre would die with him. Many music hall performers, unable to find work, fell into poverty; some did not even have a home, having spent their working lives living in digs between performances. 2633: 339: 1310:, was frequented by the upper and lower classes alike. He persuaded her to sing despite her extreme nervousness. Leplée taught her the basics of stage presence and told her to wear a black dress, which became her trademark apparel. Leplée ran an intense publicity campaign leading up to her opening night, attracting the presence of many celebrities, including Maurice Chevalier. Her nightclub appearance led to her first two records produced that same year, and the beginning of her career. 1139: 113: 42: 1190: 1385: 3689: 1207: 527:, constructed on the site of the tea gardens of a pub called the Bedford Arms. The first building, the Bedford Music Hall (“The Old Bedford”), opened in 1861 and closed in 1898. It was demolished and rebuilt as the larger Bedford Palace of Varieties also known as the Bedford Theatre (“The New Bedford”), which opened in 1899 and operated until 1959. The Bedford was a favourite haunt of the artist 1342:

increasing affluence gave the lower classes more access to commercial entertainment, and to a wider range of musical instruments, including the piano. The consequent change in musical taste from traditional to more professional forms of entertainment, arose in response to the rapid industrialisation and urbanisation of previously rural populations during the

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that people could consume food and alcohol and smoke tobacco in the auditorium while the entertainment took place, with the cheapest seats located in the gallery. This differed from the conventional type of theatre, which seats the audience in stalls with a separate bar-room. Major music halls were based around London. Early examples included: the

1045:, whose performers initially topped music hall bills, attracted a young audience who had little interest in the music hall acts, while driving the older audience away. The final demise was competition from television, which grew popular after the Queen's coronation was televised. Some music halls tried to retain an audience by putting on 716:, built as a theatre in 1884 but acquiring a music hall licence in 1887. Like the nearby Alhambra this theatre appealed to the men of leisure by featuring alluring ballet dancers, and had a notorious promenade which was the resort of courtesans. Another spectacular example of the new variety theatre was the Tivoli in the 3284:, set in 1914 London, evokes the music hall world of Chaplin's youth where he performed as comedian before he achieved worldwide celebrity as a film star in America. The film depicts the last performance of a washed-up music hall clown called Calvero at The Empire theatre, Leicester Square. The film premiered at the 698:

service, and the gaudy and tawdry music hall of the past gave way to the resplendent "theatre of varieties" of the present day, with its classic exterior of marble and freestone, its lavishly appointed auditorium and its elegant and luxurious foyers and promenades brilliantly illuminated by myriad electric lights

3272:, first seen on British television in 1951, was heavily influenced by the traditions and conventions of Music hall comedy and he actively kept those traditions (comedy, songs, patter, pantomime, and female impersonations) alive on his more-than-100 television specials broadcast from 1955 through 1991. 2310:

The typical music hall comedian was a man or woman, usually dressed in character to suit the subject of the song, or sometimes attired in absurd and eccentric style. Until well into the twentieth century, the acts were essentially vocal, with songs telling a story, accompanied by a minimum of patter.

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The music hall was first imported into France in its British form in 1862, but under the French law protecting the state theatres, performers could not wear costumes or recite dialogue, something only allowed in theaters. When the law changed in 1867, the Paris music hall flourished, and a half-dozen

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We (the stars) can dictate our own terms. We are fighting not for ourselves, but for the poorer members of the profession, earning thirty shillings to £3 a week. For this they have to do double turns, and now matinées have been added as well. These poor things have been compelled to submit to unfair

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on 4 November 1863 after he had converted the pre-existing Lansdowne Arms and Music Hall public house. It was colloquially known as 'The Chapel on the Green'. Collins was a star of his own theatre, singing mostly Irish songs specially composed for him. It closed in 1956, after a fire, but the street

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as being "the most significant date in all the history of music hall". The hall looked like most contemporary pub concert rooms, but its replacement in 1854 was of then unprecedented size. It was further extended in 1859, later rebuilt as a variety theatre and finally destroyed by German bombing in

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was an important industrial conflict. It was a dispute between artists and stage hands on one hand, and theatre managers on the other. The halls had recovered by the start of the First World War and were used to stage charity events in aid of the war effort. Music hall entertainment continued after

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The music hall as we know it developed from such establishments during the 1850s and were built in and on the grounds of public houses. Such establishments were distinguished from theatres by the fact that in a music hall you would be seated at a table in the auditorium and could drink alcohol and

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Originating in saloon bars within pubs during the 1830s, music hall entertainment became increasingly popular with audiences. So much so, that during the 1850s some public houses were demolished, and specialised music hall theatres developed in their place. These theatres were designed chiefly so

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acts. Commonly a male mentalist, blindfolded on stage, and an attractive female assistant passing among the audience. The assistant would collect objects from the audience, and the mentalist would identify each by "reading" the assistants mind. This was usually accomplished by a clever system of

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Music halls were originally tavern rooms which provided entertainment, in the form of music and speciality acts, for their patrons. By the middle years of the nineteenth century, the first purpose-built music halls were being built in London. The halls created a demand for new and catchy popular

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Once the reality of war began to sink home, the recruiting songs all but disappeared – the Greatest Hits collection for 1915 published by top music publisher Francis and Day contains no recruitment songs. After conscription was brought in 1916, songs dealing with the war spoke mostly of the

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London was the centre of music hall with hundreds of venues, often in the entertainment rooms of public houses. With the decline in popularity of music hall, many were abandoned, or converted to other uses such as cinemas, and their interiors lost. There are a number of purpose-built survivors,

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Cycling acts: again, a development of a circus act, consisting of either a solo or a troupe of trick cyclists. There was even a seven-piece cycling band called Seven Musical Savonas, who played fifty instruments between them, and Kaufmann's Cycling Beauties, a troupe of girls in Victorian swim

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Hitherto the halls had borne unmistakeable evidence of their origins, but the last vestiges of their old connections were now thrown aside, and they emerged in all the splendour of their new-born glory. The highest efforts of the architect, the designer and the decorator were enlisted in their

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music hall retains its restored cast-iron interior. It is run as a cafe bar by a Christian charitable trust promoting responsible drinking, also as the location of a safe space late at night and for operating a street pastor service. It is true to its original purpose of providing a venue for

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The musical forms most associated with music hall evolved in part from traditional folk song and songs written for popular drama, becoming by the 1850s a distinct musical style. Subject matter became more contemporary and humorous, and accompaniment was provided by larger house-orchestras, as

3300:, which aimed to recreate an authentic atmosphere of the Victorian–Edwardian music hall with songs and sketches of the era performed by present-day performers in the style of the original artistes. The audience dressed in period costume and joined in the singing, especially the singing of 1411:

is said to have replied "Why should the devil have all the good tunes?" According to The Salvation Army, "The adoption of such music was soon put to full use. On Saturday afternoon, May 13, 1882, the congregation at the opening of the Clapton Congress Hall joined heartily in the chorus of

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from the auditorium. A new type of music hall entertainment had arrived, in the form of variety, and many music hall performers failed to make the transition. They were deemed old-fashioned, and with the closure of many halls, music hall entertainment ceased and modern-day variety began.

3704:. This 1858 example of the "giant pub hall" survived use as a church, fire, flood and war intact, but was virtually derelict, after its use as a rag warehouse, in the 1960s. The Wilton's Music Hall Trust has embarked on a fund-raising campaign to restore the building. In June 2007, the 949:, managed a military recruitment drive. In the guise of characters like 'Tommy in the Trench' and 'Jack Tar Home from Sea', Tilley performed songs such as "The army of today's all right" and "Jolly Good Luck to the Girl who Loves a Soldier". This is how she got the nickname 577:, opposite The Canterbury music hall. He converted the restaurant into a second Gatti's music hall, known as "Gatti's-in-the-Road", in 1865. It later became a cinema. The building was badly damaged in the Second World War, and was demolished in 1950. In 1867, he acquired a 3332:

in 1956, against the backdrop of the dying music hall tradition, and has been seen as symbolic of Britain's general post-war decline, its loss of its Empire, its power, and its cultural confidence and identity. It was made into a film in 1960 starring

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World War I may have been the high-water mark of music hall popularity. The artists and composers threw themselves into rallying public support and enthusiasm for the war effort. Patriotic music hall compositions such as "Keep the Home Fires Burning"

3665:, an 1863 example of the saloon style. It is unrestored but maintained in its original layout, and currently used as a community centre and theatre. In the neighbouring borough, Collins Music Hall (built about 1860) still stands on the north side of 3357:

TV series recorded between 1959 and 1988 were heavily influenced by those traditions; up to his death in 2018, Dodd continued to tour a variety show including quick-fire stand-up comedy, songs, ventriloquism and sometimes other speciality

778:. As music hall grew in popularity and respectability, and as the licensing authorities exercised ever firmer regulation, the original arrangement of a large hall with tables at which drink was served, changed to that of a drink-free 228:

Music-halls had their origins in 18th century London. They grew with the entertainment provided in the new style saloon bars of pubs during the 1830s. These venues replaced earlier semi-rural amusements provided by fairs and suburban

1435:", expressed in melodic form situations with which the urban poor were familiar. Music hall songs could be romantic, patriotic, humorous or sentimental, as the need arose. The most popular music hall songs became the basis for the 135:

entertainment differ. Music hall involved a mixture of popular songs, comedy, speciality acts, and variety entertainment. The term is derived from a type of theatre or venue in which such entertainment took place. In North America

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The emergence of a distinct music hall style can be credited to a fusion of musical influences. Music hall songs needed to gain and hold the attention of an often jaded and unruly urban audience. In America, from the 1840s,

995:, no longer the single dominant form of popular entertainment in Britain. The improvement of cinema, the development of radio, and the cheapening of the gramophone damaged its popularity greatly. It now had to compete with 814:

The development of syndicates controlling a number of theatres, such as the Stoll circuit, increased tensions between employees and employers. On 22 January 1907, a dispute between artists, stage hands and managers of the

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The music-halls suffered growing hardships in the 1930s. The Olympia was converted into a movie theater, and others closed. Others however continued to thrive. In 1937 and 1930, the Casino de Paris presented shows with

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Although a number of songs show a sharply ironic and knowing view of working-class life, there were, too, those which were repetitive, derivative, written quickly and sung to make a living rather than a work of art.

3800:(1857), by architects Thomas Gildard and H.M. McFarlane, remains standing, with much of the theatre intact but in a poor state, having closed in 1938. There is a preservation trust attempting to rescue the theatre. 5395: 831:

for example. Picket lines were organized outside the theatres by the artistes, while in the provinces theatre management attempted to oblige artistes to sign a document promising never to join a trade union.

131:. It faded away after 1918 as the halls rebranded their entertainment as variety. Perceptions of a distinction in Britain between bold and scandalous music hall entertainment and subsequent, more respectable 531:, who featured interior scenes of music halls in many of his paintings, including one entitled 'Little Dot Hetherington at The Old Bedford'. The Bedford was derelict from 1959 and finally demolished in 1969. 3684:

was originally the Rose and Crown Music Hall (1855), and later became Crowder's Music Hall and Temple of Varieties. The building has been extensively modernised and little of the original layout remains.

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In Britain, the first music hall songs often promoted the alcoholic wares of the owners of the halls in which they were performed. Songs like "Glorious Beer", and the first major music hall success, "

466:(1861) – built on the site of an old coaching inn called the Boar and Castle by Charles Morton, the pioneer music hall developer of The Canterbury, who with this development brought music hall to the 3244:(1941) features old-time music hall star Lily Morris as an ex-music hall artiste now ennobled as "Lady Randall". In the last scene of the film, however, she reverts to type and gives a rendition of " 3328:(1957) portrays the life and work of a failing, third-rate music hall stage performer who tries to keep his career going even as his personal life falls apart. The story is set at the time of the 1416:'s solo, 'O the Blood of Jesus cleanses white as snow' to the music of 'I traced her little footsteps in the snow'. There were no qualms of conscience. Many people gathered there knew none of the 1381:

Typically, a music hall song consists of a series of verses sung by the performer alone, and a repeated chorus which carries the principal melody, and in which the audience is encouraged to join.

3385:(as well as foreshadowing the decline of the British Empire itself). It was adapted as a television miniseries, shown in both the UK and in the U.S. as a PBS presentation. Priestley's 1929 novel 744:

permission to construct the promenade, which was such a popular feature of the Empire and Alhambra, the Palace compensated in the way of adult entertainment by featuring apparently nude women in

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Music for the Nation (Library of Congress) (1998), accessed 2 November 2007. "Oh, Dem Golden Slippers" was a minstrel parody by James Bland of an earlier spiritual by the Fisk Jubilee Singers, "

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Competition from movies and television largely brought an end to the Paris music hall. However, a few still flourish, with tourists as their primary audience. Major music halls include the

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allowed several speciality acts a television presence from 1979 to 1994. Aimed at a younger audience, but still owing a lot to the music hall heritage, was the late-1970s’ television series,

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By the mid-19th century, the halls cried out for many new and catchy songs. As a result professional songwriters were enlisted to provide the music for a plethora of star performers, such as

4884: 330:(1841) which somehow managed to evade this regulation and served drinks to its customers. Though a theatre rather than a music hall, this establishment later hosted music-hall variety acts. 369:, afterwards dubbed "the Father of the Halls", on the site of a skittle alley next to his pub, the Canterbury Tavern. It opened on 17 May 1852 and was described by the musician and author 926:

Many songs promoted recruitment ("All the boys in khaki get the nice girls", 1915); others satirised particular elements of the war experience. "What did you do in the Great war, Daddy" (

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The saloon was a room where for an admission fee or a greater price at the bar, singing, dancing, drama or comedy was performed. The most famous London saloon of the early days was the

1226:. They responded by offering more complex and lavish shows. In 1911, the Olympia had introduced the giant stairway as a set for its productions, an idea copied by other music halls. 3428:, himself the son of a performer in the music hall tradition (Jim McCartney, who led Jim Mac's Jazz Band). Examples of McCartney's songs to display a music hall influence include: " 2372:

The vocal content of the music hall bills, was, from the beginning, accompanied by many other kinds of act, some of them quite weird and wonderful. These were known collectively as

2318:: essentially, men dressed as "toffs", who sang songs about drinking champagne, going to the races, going to the ball, womanising and gambling, and living the life of an aristocrat. 938:) showed a soldier delighted to have a wound just serious enough to be sent home. The rhymes give a sense of grim humour ("When they wipe my face with sponges / and they feed me on 1057:

The music hall is dying, and with it, a significant part of England. Some of the heart of England has gone; something that once belonged to everyone, for this was truly a folk art.

4967: 3716:, but following its successful restoration was removed from list in 2016 and after 20 years on the register it was named as one of the successful rescues. The music video of the 748:, though the concerned LCC hastened to reassure patrons that the girls who featured in these displays were actually wearing flesh-toned body stockings and were not naked at all. 261:(originally the Strand Music Hall), this establishment was "the father and mother, the dry and wet nurse of the Music Hall". Later known as the Grecian Theatre, it was here that 4546: 1174:(1903) was a music-garden, open only in summer, with a theater, restaurant, circus, and horse-racing. Older theaters also transformed themselves into music halls, including the 6639: 4524: 602:

Numbers peaked in 1878, with 78 large music halls in the metropolis and 300 smaller venues. Thereafter numbers declined due to stricter licensing restrictions imposed by the

306:, established in the 1840s by W.H. Evans. This venue was also known as 'Evans Late Joys' – Joy being the name of the previous owner. Other song and supper rooms included the 241:. These latter became subject to urban development and became fewer and less popular. From the mid-19th century music halls spread to the provincial cities, such as Bristol. 819:

worsened. Strikes in other London and suburban halls followed, organised by the Variety Artistes' Federation. The strike lasted for almost two weeks and was known as the

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smoke tobacco whilst watching the show. In a theatre, by contrast, the audience was seated in stalls and there was a separate bar-room. An exception to this rule was the

916: 3346:(1958), set in Victorian London, the raunchy can-can dancers and loose women of the sleazy "Judas Hole" music hall are terrorised by the Haymarket Strangler, played by 632:. It is the UK's oldest surviving music hall having opened as Settle Music Hall on 11 October 1853. The Music Hall was renamed 'The Victoria Hall' around November 1892. 882: 5405: 2438:

to produce tricks such as lighting gas jets and setting fire to handkerchiefs through the performers fingertips. Dr Walford Bodie (1869/70-1939) was the most notable.

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1901). This has been restored to its Moorish splendour and now provides an eclectic programme of events from opera to "Black Variety Nights". A mile to the south is

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new halls opened, offering acrobats, singers, dancers, magicians, and trained animals. The first Paris music hall built specially for that purpose was the

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were strong advocates of the strike, though they themselves earned enough not to be concerned personally in a material sense. Lloyd explained her advocacy:

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act, consisting usually of a male dancer who threw a slim, pretty young girl around. Some aspects of modern dance choreography evolved from Adagio acts.

5673: 5054: 3812: 1791: 1637: 724:" became a brand name for music-halls all over the British Empire. During 1892, the Royal English Opera House, which had been a financial failure in 385:(1851). Popularly known as the 'Old Mo', it was built on the site of the Mogul Saloon. Later converted into a theatre it was demolished in 1965. The 6036: 3680:, originally the Grand Palace of Varieties (1900), has been restored, but its interior reflects its modern use as a music venue and nightclub. The 1806: 589:". After his death his family continued to operate the music hall, known for a period as the Hungerford or Gatti's Hungerford Palace of Varieties. 585:

named "The Arches", under the arches of the elevated railway line leading to Charing Cross station. He opened it as another music hall, known as "

6061: 4881: 3490:(1979) each dealt frequently with the world of the Edwardian music hall, sometimes through references to actual Edwardian era performers such as 442:(1857), built up on the site of the Six Cans and Punch Bowl Tavern by the licensed victualler of the premises, Henry Weston, signalled that the 6280: 1885: 1428: 1250:

and Eldorado. Her risqué routines captivated Paris, and she became one of the most highly-paid and popular French entertainers of her time.

1186:(1858). At the beginning, music halls offered dance reviews, theater and songs, but gradually songs and singers became the main attraction. 835:

The strike ended in arbitration, which satisfied most of the main demands, including a minimum wage and maximum working week for musicians.

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band, The Gonads (formed 1977), did rock versions of music hall songs. Many punk pathetique acts were indebted to the music hall tradition.

1945:(1844–1886), "topical vocalist" who wrote his own material; titles included "Bradshaw's Guide" and "The Mad Butcher"; popular in the 1870s. 610:, and because of commercial competition between popular large suburban halls and the smaller venues, which put the latter out of business. 4450: 823:. It became extremely well known, and was advocated enthusiastically by the main spokesmen of the trade union and Labour movement – 599:

By 1865, there were 32 music halls in London seating between 500 and 5,000 people plus an unknown, but large, number of smaller venues.

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during 1912 at the Palace Theatre. However, consistent with this new respectability the best-known music hall entertainer of the time,

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made her début at the age of 14 in 1884. It is still famous because of an English nursery rhyme, with the somewhat mysterious lyrics:

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at the Players' Theatre Club in London: a private members' club that ran fortnightly programmes of variety acts in London's West End.

1870: 1690: 3308:, who introduced the acts. In the course of its run, it featured about 2,000 artists. The show was first broadcast on 20 July 1953. 2140: 1962: 1478: 4032: 19:

This article is about the British form of theatre and the venues associated with it. For halls used for musical performances, see

5522: 6672: 6707: 4715: 1951:(1865–1933), lyricist of "Let's All Go Down The Strand" sung by Charles R. Whittle and "Don't Have Any More, Mrs More" sung by 5188: 6411: 5435: 5326: 4632: 3579:(1998) revolves around the world of music halls in the late Victorian era, and in particular around two fictional "mashers" ( 3480: 3164: 2649: 613:

A few of the UK's music halls have survived and have retained many of their original features. Among the best examples are:

5214: 935: 1521: 1264: 953: – young men were sometimes asked to join the army on stage during her show. She also performed in hospitals and sold 4283: 973: 6085: 3534:) performing some of their best known routines while giving a slide show of their life story. Artistes featured included 1539: 912: 4584: 3494:, or to characters on the show attending performances, and other times through the experiences of the popular character 6176: 5793: 5728: 5653: 5376: 5302: 5172: 2244: 1724: 1573: 1279:. Baker performed the 'Danse sauvage,' wearing a costume consisting of a skirt made of a string of artificial bananas. 927: 920: 6301:

Abra, Allison. "Going to the palais: a social and cultural history of dancing and dance halls in Britain, 1918–1960."

6230: 3811:. The Players' Theatre Club is another group performing a Victorian-style music hall show at a variety of venues, and 900: 290:(here, being set for a wedding). The line of tables give some idea of how early music halls were used as supper clubs. 6531: 6505: 6469: 6430: 5218: 4678: 4344: 4200: 4172: 4068: 2824: 3381:

also evokes the world of Edwardian music hall just before the start of World War I; the title is a reference to the

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from the music halls". The Sunday night "reunions" with Jack Mooney in the drawing-room create a certain atmosphere.

195:) were just a few of the many types of entertainments the audiences could expect to find over the next forty years. 6702: 4743: 3737: 3292: 1424: 1101: 454:

on the night of 11–12 May 1941 and the building was pulled down in 1960. Significant West End music halls include:

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is another Matcham design from 1900 that remains in use after an extensive restoration programme in the 1970s. In

3735:(1865) with a preserved interior. This was used for many years as the setting for the BBC television variety show 2298: 649:, built by John Wilton in 1859 as a music hall and now run as a multi-arts performance space in Graces Alley, off 6554:

Mullen, John, "The Show Must Go On: Popular Song in Britain during the First World War" (London, Routledge, 2015)

4939: 3198: 2144: 1980: 1929: 1761: 1746: 1603: 1403:" (1867) had a major influence in establishing the new art form. The tune of "Champagne Charlie" became used for 908: 566: 157: 6490:

Palaces of Pleasure: From Music Halls to the Seaside to Football, How the Victorians Invented Mass Entertainment

904: 6697: 6258: 3964: 3604: 3414: 2280: 1735: 787: 4872:"Beer, Beer, Glorious Beer" words and music by Harry Anderson, Steve Leggett, and Will Goodwin, published 1901 3708:

added the building to its list of the world's "100 most endangered sites". The building was for many years on

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was fruitful territory for the music hall. During 1906 it was rebuilt as a variety theatre and renamed as the

3824: 3392: 3261: 2812: 2592: 2513: 2174: 1675: 1618: 1015: 570: 6197: 3498:, who left domestic service several times and often ended up going on stage to support herself when she did. 3365:(c. late 1950s) was influenced by music hall in its use of comedy, with avant-garde cultural forms (such as 1242:

made her debut the Casino de Paris in 1895, and continued to appear regularly in the 1920s and 1930s at the

5916: 5669: 5566: 5028: 3510: 2588: 2552: 2361: 1968: 1925: 299: 1126: 3785: 3619: 3040: 1288: 737: 603: 485: 366: 24: 6712: 6646: 6622: 5192: 4913: 4010: 3984: 3781: 3441: 3211: 2170: 2132: 1679: 1163: 5262: 4241: 2486:. The most spectacular of its time was the Victorina Troupe, who swallowed a sword fired from a rifle. 6156: 5544: 5478: 4188: 4006: 3839: 3717: 3713: 3028: 2024: 965:

desire to return home. Many also expressed anxiety about the new roles women were taking in society.

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The modern Players' Theatre Club provides a brief impression of contemporary music hall in the film

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built 1888–90 in an eclectic neo-Romanesque style with Baroque and Moorish-Indian embellishments. "

713: 586: 542: 238: 6274: 5500: 5098: 3530:. These featured a star (usually a music hall/variety performer, but also some younger turns like 6014: 5588: 5452: 4896: 3543: 3433: 3148: 2932: 2662: 2150: 2066: 1972: 1532: 1407:

hymn "Bless His Name, He Sets Me Free" (1881). When asked why the tune should be used like this,

1371: 1257:. Baker sailed to Paris, France. She first arrived in Paris in 1925 to perform in a show called 1018:, which also applied to public houses). Even so, the music hall gave rise to such major stars as 625: 574: 534: 358: 5474: 4891:

accessed 2 November 2007. The origin of the quotation is problematic; it is first attributed to

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Stage and film musicals, however, continued to be influenced by the music hall idiom, including

6107:: Volume 8: Islington and Stoke Newington parishes (1985), pp. 45–51, accessed: 1 November 2007 4447: 3874: 3701: 3677: 3463: 3445: 3429: 3324: 3296:(1953 to 1983) was a popular BBC television light entertainment programme recorded live at the 2620: 2018: 1996: 1958: 1754: 969: 733: 635: 435: 419: 416:(the designer of the Britannia theatre in nearby Hoxton), it was rebuilt after a fire in 1898. 397: 287: 258: 153: 5779: 5714: 5696:"When The Old Dun Cow Caught Fire | Wincott, Harry | V&A Search the Collections" 5362: 5339: 5288: 5158: 4622: 2085:(1870–1950), writer of his own popular songs, "I Love A Lassie" and "Stop yer Tickling, Jock". 5639: 5610: 3844: 3834: 3804: 3600: 3457: 3409:, incorporated music hall into their repertoire, scoring a major hit with their cover of the 3362: 3342: 3280: 3245: 2782: 2668: 2136: 2052: 1906: 1444: 1432: 1423:

Music hall songs were often composed with their working class audiences in mind. Songs like "

1343: 1027: 1011: 741: 617: 607: 500: 427: 354: 343: 246: 145: 4319: 5024: 4856: 3797: 3732: 3705: 3644: 3417:", in 1965 (Noone's version includes only the chorus; not the many verses of the original). 3297: 3249: 3189:" (1914), Mrs Mooney's boarding-house in Hardwicke Street accommodates "occasionally (...) 661: 295: 62: 6100: 4656: 782:. The acceptance of music hall as a legitimate cultural form was established by the first 374:

1942. The Canterbury Hall became a model for music halls in other cities too, such as the

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was in some ways analogous to British music hall, featuring rousing songs and comic acts.

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A music hall with a 'memory man' act provides a pivotal plot device in the classic 1935

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a Music Hall, but a theatre where many of these artists performed their Music Hall acts.

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One of the most popular entertainers in Paris during the period was the American singer

1105:, which ran for thirty years, recreated the music hall for the modern audience, and the 396:. These included the London Music Hall, otherwise known as The Shoreditch Empire, 95–99 378:

Canterbury, which was built in 1850s as the first purpose-built music hall in the city.

6001: 5877: 5865: 5819: 5720: 5120: 3575: 3240: 3203: 3186: 2794: 2722: 2524: 2435: 2192: 2038: 1840: 1626: 1562: 1507: 1420:

or gospel melodies used in the churches; the music hall had been their melody school."

1404: 1318: 1259: 1179: 1035: 1019: 725: 488:(1860) in London, which became a model for Parisian music halls. Some years before the 467: 443: 393: 386: 249:, established in 1825, at The Eagle (a former tea-garden), 2 Shepherdess Walk, off the 188: 4304: 863:

terms of employment, and I mean to back up the federation in whatever steps are taken.

573:. With the proceeds from selling his first music hall, Gatti acquired a restaurant in 6587: 6527: 6501: 6465: 6426: 6407: 5996: 5947: 5898: 5860: 5837: 5814: 5789: 5724: 5649: 5431: 5372: 5322: 5298: 5168: 5076: 5050: 4674: 4628: 4507: 4340: 4323:, Survey of London: volumes 31 and 32: St James Westminster, Part 2 (1963), pp. 68–84 4227: 4196: 4064: 3960: 3897: 3742: 3725: 3681: 3486: 3449: 2734: 2568: 2257:(1875–1922) composer of "I Was A Good Little Girl" and "A Broken Doll", both sung by 2042: 1558: 1367: 1363: 1284: 562: 459: 323: 307: 254: 6678:

University lecture on women in the British music hall during the Great War 1914–1918

5743: 2499:

A memory act of the type performed by Datas, "the Living Encyclopaedia" (1875–1956).

2099:, and "If It Wasn't for the 'Ouses in Between" and "It's a Great Big Shame" sung by 1276: 1243: 1198: 6579: 6354:

More Variety Days: Fairs, Fit-ups, Music hall, Variety Theatre, Clubs, Cruises and

4829: 4770: 4494: 3923: 3777: 3709: 3588: 3554: 3472: 3334: 3226: 2902: 2872: 2830: 2716: 2680: 2528: 2489: 2483: 2076: 2014: 1829: 1821: 1799: 1795: 1622: 1471: 1388: 1299: 1275:

on stage. After a successful tour of Europe, she returned to France to star at the

764: 752: 282: 234: 192: 180: 123:

is a type of British theatrical entertainment that was most popular from the early

4482: 2686: 676:

was built in 1857/58 and is located above an amusement arcade at 113-117 Trongate.

183:. All manner of other entertainment was performed: male and female impersonators, 6643: 6284: 6262: 6240: 4888: 4860: 4591: 4572: 4550: 4528: 4466: 4454: 4292: 3901: 3745:

was built in 1914 for theatre impresario Francis Laidler, and later owned by the

3731:

There are also surviving music halls outside London, a notable example being the

3666: 3520: 3468: 3372: 3275: 3253: 3070: 2986: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2866: 2704: 2674: 2479: 2234: 2210: 2088: 1910: 1855: 1780: 1392: 1326: 1322: 1254: 1219: 1211: 1193: 1183: 1114: 992: 961:

in 1919 for his own services to the war effort, and Tilley became Lady de Frece.

946: 945:

Tilley became more popular than ever during this time, when she and her husband,

923:), were sung by music hall audiences, and sometimes by soldiers in the trenches. 690: 686: 642: 582: 538: 474: 230: 5978: 4169: 3526:

Between 1978 and 1984, BBC television broadcast two series of programmes called

1303: 802: 712:

One of the most famous of these new palaces of pleasure in the West End was the

187:, mime artists and impressionists, trampoline acts, and comic pianists (such as 5240: 4154: 3956: 3849: 3829: 3808: 3654: 3425: 3410: 3396: 3136: 3106: 3046: 3004: 2962: 2914: 2884: 2860: 2758: 2740: 2728: 2710: 2698: 2632: 2469: 2420: 2326: 2294: 2284: 2248: 2230: 2032: 1948: 1932:, 1888; words rewritten 1901 by James Rolmaz) sung by J. C. Heffron (1857–1934) 1918: 1899: 1810: 1776: 1765: 1739: 1641: 1596: 1581: 1500: 1482: 1359: 1314: 1155: 816: 745: 717: 528: 508: 489: 447: 405: 311: 92: 4268: 4253: 4211: 3215: 968:

Possibly the most notorious of music hall songs from the First World War was "

794:, was not invited, being deemed too "saucy" for presentation to the monarchy. 6686: 6199:

Alhambra Theatre and Majestic Cinema, Morely Street, Bradford, West Yorkshire

6128: 6062:"Alan Price: Between Today and Yesterday, Remastered and Expanded CD Edition" 5695: 4892: 4176: 3754: 3658: 3558: 3547: 3539: 3516: 3347: 3305: 3219: 3173:

Cultural influences of music hall: Literature, drama, screen, and later music

3058: 2980: 2854: 2842: 2800: 2788: 2776: 2580: 2540: 2445: 2290: 2272: 2258: 2254: 2240: 2226: 2216: 2182: 2178: 2128: 2122: 2114: 2092: 2060: 2056: 2028: 2004: 2000: 1914: 1878: 1851: 1844: 1825: 1784: 1728: 1706: 1694: 1683: 1664: 1630: 1607: 1577: 1525: 1486: 1408: 1375: 1223: 1167: 1042: 1023: 839: 775: 768: 654: 463: 401: 338: 303: 124: 5756: 3567:(1985), the lead performer is an ageing music hall artiste named Soliquisto. 1295: 6591: 6450:(London, Pavilion Books Ltd. in association with Michael Joseph Ltd., 1986) 6162: 4510:, but this also gave more powers to local magistrates to impose conditions. 4391: 4359: 3746: 3724:" was shot here. Many of these buildings can be seen as part of the annual 3721: 3593: 3570: 3535: 3506: 3502: 3495: 3491: 3382: 3377: 3319: 3177:

The music hall has been evoked in many films, plays, TV series, and books.

3130: 3124: 3112: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3052: 3034: 3022: 2998: 2974: 2908: 2746: 2619:

exhibitions were both popular speciality acts, forming the basis of modern

2596: 2556: 2493: 2424: 2412: 2408: 2366: 2338: 2334: 2315: 2268: 2264: 2188: 2110: 2082: 2046: 1874: 1863: 1769: 1698: 1656: 1652: 1566: 1511: 1330: 1247: 1231: 1159: 1146: 1138: 1107: 1091: 1071: 1050: 980: 931: 756: 729: 650: 578: 439: 184: 132: 20: 6661: 6614: 6443:, (London, Chappell & Company in association with Andre Deutsch, 1976) 5448: 5215:"Noël Reginald Moxon Armitage Gay (1898–1954), Composer of 'Lambeth Walk'" 4406: 3692:

1904 London Coliseum, Matcham theatre with London's widest proscenium arch

2333:. Nevertheless, these included some more sophisticated performers such as 314:, the Cyder Cellars in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden and the Mogul Saloon in 6549:

They Made us Laugh: A Compendium of Comedians Whose Memories Remain Alive

6462:

Working the Halls: the Honris in One Hundred Years of British Music Halls

6364:

British Music Hall: An Illustrated Who's Who from 1850 to the Present Day

4900: 4844: 3789: 3662: 3628: 3608: 3421: 3406: 3329: 3207: 3182: 3064: 3016: 3010: 2992: 2968: 2938: 2926: 2890: 2878: 2692: 2656: 2564: 2560: 2509: 2428: 2404: 2394: 2223:, and "Ship Ahoy! All the Nice Girls Love a Sailor" sung by Ella Retford. 2220: 2200: 2160: 2096: 1986: 1952: 1942: 1859: 1836: 1645: 1611: 1592: 1551: 1547: 1490: 1413: 1239: 1227: 1142: 1131: 1085: 1000: 843: 828: 824: 791: 558: 550: 524: 262: 216: 208: 176: 168: 128: 112: 6664:

links to transcriptions of historical sources on performances and venues

5990: 5941: 5892: 5854: 5831: 5808: 4882:"Why Should The Devil Have All The Best Tunes?" (Salvation Army History) 3769: 3765: 3669:. The hall closed in the 1960s and currently forms part of a bookshop. 3624: 3611: 3580: 3531: 3366: 3269: 3154: 3118: 3076: 2920: 2848: 2836: 2806: 2752: 2637: 2574: 2451: 2441: 2416: 2355: 2330: 2322: 2276: 2196: 2164: 2118: 2072: 1990: 1889: 1750: 1717: 1668: 1588: 1515: 1046: 939: 779: 721: 413: 382: 315: 161: 137: 78: 3898:"Saturday night at the Victoria Theatre, The Graphic, October 26 1872" 353:

The establishment often regarded as the first true music hall was the

16:

Type of British theatrical entertainment popular between 1850 and 1960

6651: 6367: 6330: 6232:

Over 106 Years of Theatre Going at Northern Ireland's Premier Theatre

4125: 3437: 2770: 2612: 2602: 2502: 1417: 1351: 1268: 977: 851: 451: 250: 104: 6656: 6252: 4585:"Strike of the month: Marie Lloyd and the music hall strike of 1907" 4170:

The Making of the Britannia Theatre – Alan D. Craxford and Reg Moore

3803:

One of the few fully functional music hall entertainments is at the

2293:(1867–1947), composer of "When The Old Dun Cow Caught Fire" sung by 2219:(1875–1930), composer of "When I Take My Morning Promenade" sung by 2159:(1872–1919), lyricist of "When I Take My Morning Promenade" sung by 1354:

repertoire. Professional songwriters were enlisted to fill the gap.

41: 6677: 6029: 5615: 4232:(Bristol Historical Association pamphlets, no. 44, 1979), pp. 8-10. 3784:, Frank Matcham 1895, was preserved and restored in the 1980s. The 3753:

Empire. It was restored in 1986, and is a fine example of the late

3354: 3082: 2896: 2818: 2764: 2465: 2459: 2381: 2106: 2100: 2010: 1702: 1660: 1464: 1436: 1384: 1189: 1031: 1004: 954: 855: 673: 665: 646: 639: 621: 212: 172: 6214:"Malt Cross – Cafe bar & events venue, Nottingham city centre" 3688: 3505:

incorporated music hall styles into several of their songs, such "

2059:) of "I Was A Good Little Girl" and "A Broken Doll", both sung by 6355: 3793: 3697: 3673: 3391:, set in the same period, follows the lives of the members of a " 3259:

The Victorian era of music hall was celebrated by the 1944 film,

3142: 2616: 2520: 2473: 2387: 2027:(1880–1953), composer of "Who Were You With Last Night?" sung by 1440: 1206: 1079: 669: 629: 375: 362: 347: 149: 6335:(Bristol Historical Association pamphlets, no. 44, 1979), 20 pp. 5396:"Radio review: Radio 4 takes a music-hall trip down memory lane" 5121:"Let me make a nation's songs, and let who will make their laws" 2341:, whose male impersonations communicated real social commentary. 1007:

dance music. Licensing restrictions also changed its character.

4815:

Harlem in Montmartre: A Paris Jazz Story Between the Great Wars

2606: 2546: 2534: 1272: 1175: 958: 664:(later known as The Panopticon or The Britannia Panopticon) in 493: 478: 408:. Another in this area was the Royal Cambridge Music Hall, 136 327: 215:

dance music acts. Licensing restrictions had also changed, and

6637:

Theatre and performance reading lists – Music Hall and Variety

3603:(1882–1967) was appropriated some 40 years after her death by 2419:; or male entertainers dressed as women, such as Bert Erroll, 2380:

Adagio: essentially a sort of cross between a dance act and a

2209:(1875–1954), composer of "On Mother Kelly's Doorstep" sung by 2163:, and "Ship Ahoy! (All The Nice Girls Love A Sailor)" sung by 1961:(1832–1872), prolific singer-songwriter whose titles include " 2455: 2075:(c.1837–1904), prolific composer and lyricist best known for 1287:, who had already achieved success as an actor and singer in 6559:

Laughter in the Roar: Reminiscences of Variety and Pantomime

6340:

The Heaviest of Swells – A life and times in the Music Halls

5716:

The Book of World-famous Music: Classical, Popular, and Folk

6213: 4751: 2376:(abbreviated to "spesh"), which, over time, have included: 2153:(1839–1904), music hall's first prolific singer-songwriter. 1535:" (Charles Collins and Fred Murray) sung by Harry Champion. 996: 204: 3202:(1934) is set in a music hall. It was based on a farce by 883:

Recruitment to the British Army during the First World War

5025:"Broadside Ballad entitled "Where Did You Get That Hat?"" 4793: 4791: 4448:

Pages about Morton's management in feature on the theatre

3288:, which was built on the same site as the Empire theatre. 1096: 4130:(Bristol Historical Association pamphlets, no. 44, 1979) 3657:, an outstanding example of the late music hall period ( 2737:

Johnnie Cullen (1868–1929) and Arthur Carthy (1868–1943)

2434:

Electric acts, using the newly discovered phenomenon of

1362:

had reinvigorated folk song with the admixture of Negro

1350:

songs, that could no longer be met from the traditional

917:

We Don't Want to Lose You (But We Think You Ought To Go)

728:, applied for a music hall licence and was converted by 6600:

Kindly Leave the Stage – The story of Variety 1919–1960

6396:

The Theatres Trust Guide to British Theatres, 1750–1950

6310:

Tearing Tickets Twice Nightly: The Last Days of Variety

1230:

rose in popularity and created, with her dance partner

400:, (1856–1935). This theatre was rebuilt during 1894 by 6668:

The "Entertainment" section of www.victorianlondon.org

4788: 4598:

magazine) 22 September 2007, accessed 25 November 2007

4408:

Gatti's In the Road, and Under the Arches, Music Halls

2243:(1857–1931), prolific composer whose titles included " 6455:

John Wilton's Music Hall, The Handsomest Room in Town

6145:

John Wilton's Music Hall, The Handsomest Room in Town

4847:, Center for American Music, accessed 2 November 2007 2121:, and "Hello Hello, Who’s Your Lady Friend?" sung by 1222:

from the most popular new form of entertainment, the

1218:

Paris music halls all faced stiff competition in the

1166:(1866), the first to be called a music hall, and the 6521: 4624:

Popular Music in England 1840–1914: A Social History

4334: 3981:"The Story of Music Hall: The origins of Music Hall" 3696:

In the nondescript Grace's Alley, off Cable Street,

5501:"C.W. [Charles William] Murphy (1875–1913)" 2537:

acts, including human puppets and living doll acts.

2181:and "Hello Hello, Who’s Your Lady Friend?" sung by 1366:

to produce a new type of popular song. Songs like "

4895:(1483–1546), and also to sermons preached by both 4813:: The Roaring Twenties", in William Alfred Shack, 2587:acts as they were called in the business, such as 1463:"If It Wasn't for the 'Ouses in Between", sung by 6657:The Music Hall Guild of Great Britain and America 3813:The Music Hall Guild of Great Britain and America 1638:Every Little Movement (Has a Meaning All Its Own) 557:A noted music hall entrepreneur of this time was 546:front of the building still survives (see below). 203:the war, but became less popular due to upcoming 6684: 6054: 4531:(London Theatre Museum) accessed 24 October 2007 3596:' character creates an alibi by visiting a show. 3304:which closed the show. The show was compered by 2636:1867 Poster from the National Standard Theatre, 2069:(1791–1844), writer and performer of comic songs 1738:" (1911) (Fred Murray and R. P. Weston) sung by 450:. It was closed as a result of German action in 5523:"If You Want To Know The Time, Ask A Policeman" 4506:Principally, entertainment was governed by the 751:One of the grandest of these new halls was the 6319:, (Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 1986) 4817:, University of California Press, 2001, p. 35. 4691:Stripping in Time: A History of Erotic Dancing 2407:: female entertainers dressed as men, such as 2311:They included a variety of genres, including: 2031:, and "Now I Have To Call Him Father" sung by 1993:" (1892) and "I'll Be Your Sweetheart" (1899). 942:/ I'm glad I've got a bit of a blighty one"). 5670:"Joseph Tabrar: composer of music hall songs" 5142:Barry Norris, "Charles Collins (1874-1923)", 4092:"Music hall and variety | entertainment" 2454:and other eating acts, such as eating glass, 1886:Ship Ahoy! (All the Nice Girls Love a Sailor) 561:who built a music hall, known as Gatti's, at 6389:The Canterbury Hall and Theatre of Varieties 6349:(Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 1986) 5475:"A.J. [Arthur J.] Mills (1872–1919)" 5390: 5388: 4627:. Manchester University Press. p. 156. 4620: 1499:" (Charles Collins; Terry Sheppard) sung by 496:in 55 new productions between 1864 and 1870. 392:Several large music halls were built in the 381:Another early music hall was The Middlesex, 6673:Remastered recordings of music hall artists 6377:, (Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1974) 6101:"Islington: Social and cultural activities" 3870:"Variety Acts and Turns of the Early 1930s" 3222:, Sam Curtis, and Frank Boston & Betty. 797: 519:Other large suburban music halls included: 6566:The Early Doors: origins of the music hall 6324:British Music Hall: An Illustrated History 6000: 5951: 5902: 5864: 5841: 5818: 5781:British Music Hall: An Illustrated History 5641:British Music Hall: An Illustrated History 5428:British Music Hall: an illustrated history 5364:British Music Hall: An Illustrated History 5319:British Music Hall: an illustrated history 5290:British Music Hall: An Illustrated History 5160:British Music Hall: An Illustrated History 4141:The Night Side of London: The Eagle Tavern 3420:Music hall had a discernible influence on 2055:(1875-1949), lyricist (working often with 1971:(1874–1923), composer of songs including " 1792:The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze 1454: 1429:Wot Cher! Knocked 'em in the Old Kent Road 1267:. She became an immediate success for her 891:May 1915 poster by E. J. Kealey, from the 505:Little Dot Hetherington at the Old Bedford 223: 40: 6544:(Newcastle upon Tyne, Frank Graham, 1970) 6476:London Theatres and Music Halls 1850–1950 5923:. Telegraph Media Group. 31 December 2016 5385: 5241:"A Biography of Fred Godfrey (1880–1953)" 4113:London Theatres and Music Halls 1850–1950 4107: 4105: 2397:, and all manner of animals doing tricks. 1936: 1871:Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Kit-Bag 1807:The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo 6578: 6522:Mander, Raymond; Joe Mitchenson (1965). 6464:(Farnborough, Eng., Saxon House, 1973). 6448:The Last Empires: A Music Hall Companion 5282: 5280: 4436:The Last Empires: A Music Hall Companion 4193:The Last Empires: A Music Hall Companion 3948: 3687: 3643: 3639: 2631: 2627: 2390:, of the sort usually seen at the circus 2360: 2349: 2141:A Little of What You Fancy Does You Good 1798:; Gaston Lyle; arr. Alfred Lee) sung by 1479:A Little of What You Fancy Does You Good 1458: 1383: 1294:In 1935, a twenty-year old singer named 1205: 1188: 1137: 1125: 886: 838:Several music hall entertainers such as 801: 732:into a grand music hall and renamed the 499: 418: 337: 281: 111: 6130:Theatres and Halls in Greenwich, London 5354: 4825: 4823: 3815:stage music hall-style entertainments. 1336: 1121: 689:was developed by the rebuilding of the 492:it staged circus attractions alongside 6685: 6516:Scotland and the Music Hall, 1850–1914 6420: 6401: 6398:(A & C Black Publishers Ltd, 2000) 4797: 4757: 4163: 4102: 3478:The popular British television series 2233:" and "Little Dolly Daydream" sung by 2203:'s original "The Lambeth Walk" (1899). 2079:'s "War Song" ("By Jingo if we do...") 934:'s "I've got a bit of a blighty one" ( 930:) criticised profiteers and slackers; 693:in 1885. Contemporary accounts noted: 6568:(London, Nicholson & Watson 1946) 6551:(Littleborough, George Kelsall, 1982) 5777: 5637: 5420: 5360: 5286: 5277: 5156: 4673:, Sarah Maitland (1986 Virago) p. 14 4457:(Arthur Lloyd) accessed 27 March 2008 3741:, based on the music-hall genre. The 3252:organised by Askey and his side-kick 2650:List of British music hall performers 1691:Hello, Hello, Who's Your Lady Friend? 127:, beginning around 1850, through the 6394:Earl, John and Sell, Michael (eds.) 6317:Music Hall: The Business of Pleasure 6276:Scotland's Last Surviving Music Hall 6105:A History of the County of Middlesex 5712: 5525:. Jack the Ripper Tour website. 2018 5113: 4820: 4771:"Gaby Deslys |Dancer|Striptease|Spy" 4337:Parisian Music-hall Ballet 1871–1913 3635:music styles, especially music hall. 3206:and features the music hall acts of 2431:in the character of Mrs Shufflewick. 2325:, the latter more in the style of a 2305: 2041:(1880–1941), wrote the 1915 parody " 1522:Belgium Put the Kibosh on the Kaiser 810:between artists and theatre managers 592:It became a cinema in 1910, and the 333: 6518:(Manchester University Press, 2003) 6495: 6347:Music Hall: Performance & Style 4339:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 4. 3761:for touring productions and opera. 3461:(1969), based on the stage musical 3312:was inspired by the success of the 2506:codes and clues from the assistant. 1540:The Boy I Love is Up in the Gallery 1391:as 'Champagne Charlie'. Artwork by 774:Both were designed by the prolific 565:in 1857. He sold the music hall to 13: 6294: 6041:Whatfrankislisteningto.negstar.com 5591:. Fred Godfrey Songs website. 2018 5503:. Fred Godfrey Songs website. 2018 5340:"Harry Lauder, His Life and Music" 5265:. Fred Godfrey Songs website. 2018 5243:. Fred Godfrey Songs website. 2018 5101:. Fred Godfrey Songs website. 2018 4277: 3583:) named Kitty Butler and Nan King. 2345: 1991:Daisy Bell (Bicycle Built for Two) 1725:I Do Like to Be Beside the Seaside 1589:Daisy Bell (Bicycle Built for Two) 951:Britain's best recruiting sergeant 893:Parliamentary Recruiting Committee 680: 23:. For other uses of the term, see 14: 6724: 6607: 6441:Sixty Years of British Music Hall 6423:Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris 6384:(Princes Risborough, Shire, 2005) 4495:"London Palladium (Arthur Lloyd)" 3369:) being a more obvious influence. 3337:in the title role of Archie Rice. 1963:Polly Perkins of Paddingion Green 624:listed concert hall in Kirkgate, 164:, otherwise known as the Old Mo. 6391:(Cambridge, Chadwyck-Healy 1982) 6382:British Theatres and Music Halls 6268: 6246: 6224: 6206: 6191: 6169: 6158:In praise of Wilton's music hall 6150: 6137: 6122: 6110: 6094: 6079: 6037:"ALAN PRICE - Between Today and" 6007: 5984: 5972: 5958: 5935: 5263:"William Hargreaves (1880–1941)" 4483:"London Coliseum (Arthur Lloyd)" 4423:London in the Nineteenth Century 3627:(previously keyboard player for 2472:acts. Another variation was the 1727:" (John A. Glover-Kind) sung by 1425:My Old Man (Said Follow the Van) 1306:, whose club, Le Gerny, off the 991:Music hall continued during the 523:The Bedford, 93–95 High Street, 5909: 5886: 5871: 5848: 5825: 5802: 5778:Baker, Richard Anthony (2014). 5771: 5749: 5737: 5706: 5688: 5662: 5638:Baker, Richard Anthony (2014). 5631: 5603: 5581: 5559: 5537: 5515: 5493: 5467: 5441: 5361:Baker, Richard Anthony (2014). 5332: 5311: 5287:Baker, Richard Anthony (2014). 5255: 5233: 5207: 5181: 5157:Baker, Richard Anthony (2014). 5150: 5135: 5091: 5069: 5043: 5017: 4989: 4960: 4932: 4906: 4875: 4866: 4850: 4838: 4803: 4763: 4737: 4724: 4709: 4696: 4683: 4664: 4641: 4614: 4601: 4578: 4556: 4534: 4513: 4500: 4488: 4476: 4460: 4441: 4428: 4415: 4400: 4385: 4368: 4353: 4328: 4313: 4298: 4262: 4247: 4235: 4220: 4205: 4182: 4148: 4133: 4118: 3444:" (1969); in the solo period: " 2245:Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow 1574:Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow 1158:(1869); it was followed by the 6652:The British Music Hall Society 6561:(Weybridge, B. O'Gorman, 1998) 6387:Earl, John and Stanton, John, 5759:. About Aberdeen website. 2018 4968:"It's a Long Way to Tipperary" 4084: 4047: 4025: 3999: 3973: 3942: 3916: 3890: 3862: 3599:The name of music hall singer 1049:acts. In 1957, the playwright 740:. Denied by the newly created 703:Charles Stuart and A. J. Park 116:The Oxford Music Hall, c. 1875 1: 6708:Theatre of the United Kingdom 6662:Arthur Lloyd (performer) site 6492:(Yale University Press, 2019) 6177:"Wilton's Music Hall, London" 6117:The Stage Guide and Directory 4940:"I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am" 4609:Marie Lloyd, the one and only 4521:The Royal Variety Performance 4381:. 8 November 1863. p. 5. 4335:Sarah Gutsche-Miller (2015). 3855: 3825:Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra 3484:(1971–1975) and its spin-off 3302:Down at the Old Bull and Bush 3248:" at an impromptu concert at 3238:The Arthur Askey comedy film 2299:Mademoiselle from Armentières 1858:and Thomas Le Brunn) sung by 1772:) sung by Charles R. Whittle. 1619:Down at the Old Bull and Bush 1514:and A. E. Durandeau) sung by 1196:dances the Charleston at the 1016:Defence of the Realm Act 1914 876: 571:Charing Cross railway station 569:in 1862, and the site became 512: 481:of 1885 rebuild still extant. 273:That's the way the money goes 253:in east London. According to 6485:(London, Eyre Methuen, 1976) 6359:(Edinburgh, Tod Press, 2000) 6303:Contemporary British History 5567:"On Mother Kelly's Doorstep" 5342:. Parlor Songs Academy. 2004 5099:"Harry Castling (1865–1933)" 5029:National Library of Scotland 4706:: 7. Faber and Faber, London 4035:. Stage Beauty website. 2018 3773:up-and-coming musical acts. 3511:Good Old-Fashioned Lover Boy 2175:Has Anybody Here Seen Kelly? 2145:Don't Dilly Dally on the Way 1981:Don't Dilly Dally on the Way 1898:" (Harry J. Sayers) sung by 1762:Let's All Go Down the Strand 1753:and Harry Williams) sung by 1747:It's a Long Way to Tipperary 1716:", written and performed by 1676:Has Anybody Here Seen Kelly? 1604:Don't Dilly Dally on the Way 909:It's a Long Way to Tipperary 903:), "Pack up Your Troubles" ( 300:Evans Music-and-Supper Rooms 7: 6584:Bransby Williams by Himself 6571:Stuart, C D and Park, A J, 6332:Early Music Hall in Bristol 6305:(Sep 2016) 30#3 pp 432–433. 5879:1950s British TV Milestones 5589:"Bennett Scott (1875–1930)" 5123:. laurencepayne.co.uk. 2018 4831:The Songs of the Music Hall 4285:British Library on Weston's 4229:Early Music Hall in Bristol 4127:Early Music Hall in Bristol 4007:"Music Hall Character Acts" 3818: 3620:Between Today and Yesterday 3415:I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am 2393:Animal acts: Talking dogs, 2281:I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am 1926:Where Did You Get That Hat? 1736:I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am 763:. This was followed by the 734:Palace Theatre of Varieties 604:Metropolitan Board of Works 486:Alhambra Theatre of Variety 25:Music Hall (disambiguation) 10: 6729: 6647:Victoria and Albert Museum 6623:Victoria and Albert Museum 6615:"A History of Music Halls" 6406:. London: Tom Stacey Ltd. 6404:Marie Lloyd and Music Hall 6342:, (DCG Publications, 2010) 5193:Victoria and Albert Museum 4745:The Muppet Show Music Hall 4325:accessed: 24 October 2007. 4270:Royal Cambridge Music Hall 4011:Victoria and Albert Museum 3985:Victoria and Albert Museum 3924:"Forms of Variety Theater" 3782:Grand Opera House, Belfast 3743:Alhambra Theatre, Bradford 2647: 2599:, Coram (Thomas Mitchell). 2267:(1878–1936), composer of " 2229:(1863–1928), composer of " 2191:(1864–1913), lyricist of " 2173:(1875–1913), composer of " 2131:(1871–1924), lyricist of " 2109:(1880–1946), composer of " 2091:(1864–1905), composer of " 2043:Burlington Bertie from Bow 2013:(1898–1954), composer of " 1989:(1857–1922), composer of " 1779:" (Leslie Stuart) sung by 1682:and Will Letters) sung by 1559:Burlington Bertie from Bow 1469: 1265:Théâtre des Champs-Élysées 986: 880: 18: 6278:(Britannia Theatre Trust) 6239:28 September 2007 at the 6134:accessed: 1 November 2007 5430:, Pen & Sword, 2014, 5321:, Pen & Sword, 2014, 5219:National Portrait Gallery 5189:"I'll Be Your Sweetheart" 5077:"Fred Albert (1844–1886)" 4732:Red Plush and Greasepaint 4553:accessed 15 November 2007 4542:Music Hall Strike of 1907 4291:27 September 2007 at the 3949:Harrison, Martin (1998). 3840:History of music in Paris 3718:Frankie Goes to Hollywood 3714:Heritage at Risk Register 3559:Ki Longfellow-Stanshall's 3254:Richard "Stinker" Murdoch 1809:" (Fred Gilbert) sung by 1705:) sung by Harry Fragson, 1524:" (Alf Ellerton) sung by 784:Royal Variety Performance 759:in 1904 at the bottom of 653:in the London Borough of 412:(1864–1936). Designed by 269:Up and down the City Road 200:Music Hall Strike of 1907 103: 98: 87: 51: 39: 34: 6526:. London: Studio Vista. 6322:Baker, Richard Anthony, 6287:accessed 1 November 2007 6265:accessed 1 November 2007 6243:accessed 1 November 2007 6203:accessed 1 November 2007 6091:accessed 1 November 2007 6015:"Latitude Festival 2017" 5883:accessed 24 October 2007 5833:Champagne Charlie (1944) 5569:. monologues.co.uk. 2018 5547:. monologues.co.uk. 2018 5147:. Retrieved 13 July 2020 5079:. monologues.co.uk. 2018 4887:26 November 2007 at the 4835:accessed 2 November 2007 4748:accessed 2 November 2007 4721:accessed 2 November 2007 4611:(Gollancz, London, 1999) 4575:accessed 24 October 2007 4549:24 November 2007 at the 4497:accessed 24 October 2007 4485:accessed 24 October 2007 4412:accessed 23 October 2007 4397:accessed 23 October 2007 4365:accessed 23 October 2007 4310:accessed 23 October 2007 4274:accessed 23 October 2007 4259:accessed 23 October 2007 4217:accessed 23 October 2007 4179:accessed 1 November 2007 4160:accessed 1 November 2007 4145:accessed 1 November 2007 3648:The Hackney Empire, 2009 3631:) was influenced by pre- 3564:Stinkfoot, a Comic Opera 1234:, her most famous dance 798:'Music Hall War' of 1907 714:Empire, Leicester Square 46:The Eagle Tavern in 1830 6703:British styles of music 6642:12 January 2010 at the 6619:Theatre and Performance 6542:The Northern Music Hall 6500:. London: I Routledge. 6498:Folksong and Music Hall 6421:Fierro, Alfred (1996). 6402:Farson, Daniel (1972). 6326:(Pen & Sword, 2014) 6283:29 October 2007 at the 6261:12 October 2007 at the 6017:. The Reviews Hub. 2017 5979:BBC Drama – description 5713:Fuld, James J. (2014). 5426:Richard Anthony Baker, 5317:Richard Anthony Baker, 4997:"Waiting at the Church" 4914:"Every Little Movement" 4717:Stoll-Moss Theatres Ltd 4689:Lucinda Jarret (1997): 4544:(Theatre Museum London) 4527:14 October 2007 at the 4471:Bright Lights, Big City 4195:pp. 7 (Pavilion, 1986) 4143:J. Ewing Ritchie (1858) 4096:Encyclopedia Britannica 3952:The Language of Theatre 3442:Maxwell's Silver Hammer 3434:Your Mother Should Know 3196:About half of the film 1973:Boiled Beef and Carrots 1606:" (Charles Collins and 1533:Boiled Beef and Carrots 1455:Famous music hall songs 1372:Oh, Dem Golden Slippers 626:Settle, North Yorkshire 575:Westminster Bridge Road 424:Balcony at the Alhambra 404:, the architect of the 359:Westminster Bridge Road 224:Origins and development 160:, and The Middlesex in 6602:(London, Methuen 1985) 6586:. London: Hutchinson. 6338:Beeching, Christopher, 5449:"Arthur Lloyd's Songs" 5404:. 2009. Archived from 4651:Vesta Tilley Biography 4375:"London Music Halls". 4361:The Bedford Music Hall 4295:accessed 31 March 2007 3875:Times Higher Education 3807:in a former church in 3693: 3649: 3607:for an unrelated, non- 3464:Oh, What a Lovely War! 3446:You Gave Me the Answer 3413:music hall standard, " 2645: 2621:professional wrestling 2369: 2358: 2259:Clarice Mayne and That 2061:Clarice Mayne and That 2019:Leaning on a Lamp-post 1999:(1826–1864), American 1997:Stephen Collins Foster 1937:Music hall songwriters 1467: 1396: 1298:was discovered in the 1215: 1203: 1150: 1135: 1069: 1053:delivered this elegy: 895: 874: 811: 710: 516: 431: 398:Shoreditch High Street 350: 296:"song and supper" room 291: 280: 259:Gaiety Theatre, London 117: 6698:British popular music 6375:Music Hall in Britain 5943:Oh! What a Lovely War 4760:, pp. 1005–1006. 4730:Clarkson Rose (1964) 4621:Dave Russell (1997). 4213:Canterbury Music Hall 3845:Radio City Music Hall 3835:Friedrichstadt-Palast 3805:Brick Lane Music Hall 3691: 3647: 3640:Surviving music halls 3458:Oh! What a Lovely War 3363:Theatre of the Absurd 3353:The variously titled 3343:Grip of the Strangler 3246:Waiting at the Church 3157:(1877–1961) (and the 2635: 2628:Music hall performers 2364: 2353: 2137:Waiting at the Church 1907:Waiting at the Church 1462: 1433:Waiting at the Church 1387: 1344:Industrial Revolution 1209: 1192: 1141: 1129: 1055: 1012:London County Council 970:Oh! It's a lovely war 890: 860: 806:1907 poster from the 805: 695: 618:Victoria Hall, Settle 608:London County Council 587:Gatti's-in-The-Arches 567:South Eastern Railway 503: 470:. Demolished in 1926. 422: 341: 285: 267: 146:Canterbury Music Hall 115: 69:Music and performance 6575:(London, Unwin 1895) 6496:Lee, Edward (1982). 6345:Bratton, J.S., ed., 6315:Bailey, Peter, ed., 6312:(Arcady Press, 2002) 6089:Art and Architecture 5981:accessed 10 May 2007 5969:accessed 10 May 2007 5746:accessed 10 May 2007 5648:. pp. 142–143. 5297:. pp. 148–149. 4702:John Osborne (1957) 4661:accessed 13 May 2016 4571:3 March 2016 at the 4244:accessed 31 May 2007 4033:"The Music Hall War" 3798:Britannia Music Hall 3733:Leeds City Varieties 3706:World Monuments Fund 3481:Upstairs, Downstairs 3314:Ridgeway's Late Joys 3298:Leeds City Varieties 3250:Aldwych tube station 2323:female impersonators 1337:History of the songs 1271:, and for appearing 1130:The Café-Concert by 1122:Music halls of Paris 1038:during this period. 868:Marie Lloyd, on the 662:Britannia Music Hall 434:The construction of 389:stands on its site. 271:In and out The Eagle 257:, proprietor of the 63:Song and supper room 6234:(Grand Opera House) 5966:The Old Boy Network 5810:The 39 Steps (1935) 5786:Pen and Sword Books 5700:V and A Collections 5646:Pen and Sword Books 5401:The Daily Telegraph 5369:Pen and Sword Books 5295:Pen and Sword Books 5165:Pen and Sword Books 4977:on 29 November 2007 4845:"Old Folks at Home" 4659:on 20 October 2012. 4590:8 July 2011 at the 4453:6 July 2008 at the 4434:Benny Green (1986) 4421:Jerry White (2007) 4156:Pop Goes the Weasel 4061:Pen and Sword Books 3928:Library of Congress 3702:Wilton's Music Hall 3528:The Old Boy Network 3430:When I'm Sixty-Four 3388:The Good Companions 3199:Those Were the Days 2207:George Alex Stevens 2133:The Galloping Major 1896:Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay 1714:I Belong to Glasgow 1302:by nightclub owner 636:Wilton's Music Hall 436:Weston's Music Hall 298:of this period was 288:Wilton's Music Hall 276:Pop goes the weasel 217:drinking was banned 154:Wilton's Music Hall 6524:British Music Hall 6446:Green, Benny, ed. 6439:Garrett, John M., 6425:. Robert Laffont. 6329:Barker, Kathleen, 6254:The Gaiety Theatre 6179:. Historic England 5757:"Dr Walford Bodie" 5721:Dover Publications 5545:"The Lambeth Walk" 5144:Fred Godfrey Songs 4564:The Music Hall War 4393:Collins Music Hall 4321:Shaftesbury Avenue 4242:New London Theatre 4226:Barker, Kathleen, 4124:Barker, Kathleen, 3694: 3650: 3576:Tipping the Velvet 3487:Thomas & Sarah 3216:Gaston & Andre 3187:The Boarding House 2795:George Formby, Sr. 2723:George H. Chirgwin 2646: 2525:John Orlando Parry 2436:static electricity 2370: 2359: 2354:Male impersonator 2297:, and (arguably) " 2199:, and composer of 2053:F. Clifford Harris 2039:William Hargreaves 1930:Joseph J. Sullivan 1841:Henry W. Armstrong 1627:Andrew B. Sterling 1563:William Hargreaves 1468: 1405:The Salvation Army 1397: 1319:Crazy Horse Saloon 1216: 1204: 1151: 1136: 1041:In the mid-1950s, 1036:Flanagan and Allen 976:), popularised by 957:. Her husband was 896: 812: 726:Shaftesbury Avenue 541:(1863). Opened by 517: 432: 414:William Finch Hill 387:New London Theatre 351: 302:, 43 King Street, 292: 189:John Orlando Parry 118: 6713:Theatrical genres 6580:Williams, Bransby 6573:The Variety Stage 6557:O'Gorman, Brian, 6413:978-0-85468-082-5 6308:Alexander, John, 5881:(Whirligig, 2003) 5702:. 2 January 2020. 5436:978-1-78383-118-0 5327:978-1-78383-118-0 4899:(1744–1833), and 4857:"Golden Slippers" 4719:(Company History) 4634:978-0-7190-5261-3 4508:Theatres Act 1843 4306:Oxford Music Hall 4255:Shoreditch Empire 3759:receiving theatre 3738:The Good Old Days 3726:London Open House 3682:Greenwich Theatre 3605:Christopher Green 3455:The parodic film 3310:The Good Old Days 3293:The Good Old Days 3262:Champagne Charlie 2735:Cullen and Carthy 2640:(1837–1940). Not 2569:feats of strength 2306:Music hall comedy 1401:Champagne Charlie 1368:Old Folks at Home 1285:Maurice Chevalier 1102:The Good Old Days 978:male impersonator 705:The Variety Stage 563:Hungerford Market 460:Oxford Music Hall 410:Commercial Street 346:, opened 1852 in 334:Early music halls 324:Britannia Theatre 255:John Hollingshead 110: 109: 52:Stylistic origins 6720: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6595: 6537: 6511: 6436: 6417: 6373:Cheshire, D.F., 6288: 6272: 6266: 6250: 6244: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6210: 6204: 6195: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6173: 6167: 6154: 6148: 6141: 6135: 6126: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6098: 6092: 6083: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6011: 6005: 6004: 5992:The Fourth Angel 5988: 5982: 5976: 5970: 5962: 5956: 5955: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5917:"Arise, Sir Ken" 5913: 5907: 5906: 5890: 5884: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5674:Music Hall Guild 5666: 5660: 5659: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5497: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5445: 5439: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5392: 5383: 5382: 5358: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5336: 5330: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5284: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5154: 5148: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5055:Music Hall Guild 5047: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5001: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4976: 4970:. 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Rogers 2147:", among others. 2077:G. H. MacDermott 2015:The Lambeth Walk 1888:", performed by 1830:Albert Chevalier 1822:Albert Chevalier 1800:George Leybourne 1796:George Leybourne 1640:" (J. C. Moore; 1623:Harry von Tilzer 1472:Music hall songs 1389:George Leybourne 1273:practically nude 1182:(1864), and the 1067: 872: 765:London Palladium 761:St Martin's Lane 753:Coliseum Theatre 746:tableaux vivants 708: 594:Players' Theatre 514: 342:Interior of the 286:The interior of 239:Cremorne Gardens 235:Vauxhall Gardens 231:pleasure gardens 193:George Grossmith 181:George Leybourne 88:Cultural origins 44: 32: 31: 6728: 6727: 6723: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6717: 6683: 6682: 6644:Wayback Machine 6627: 6625: 6613: 6610: 6605: 6598:Wilmut, Roger. 6564:Scott, Harold, 6534: 6514:Maloney, Paul, 6508: 6474:Howard, Diana. 6433: 6414: 6297: 6295:Further reading 6292: 6291: 6285:Wayback Machine 6273: 6269: 6263:Wayback Machine 6251: 6247: 6241:Wayback Machine 6229: 6225: 6212: 6211: 6207: 6196: 6192: 6182: 6180: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6155: 6151: 6142: 6138: 6127: 6123: 6115: 6111: 6099: 6095: 6084: 6080: 6070: 6068: 6066:Cherryred.co.uk 6060: 6059: 6055: 6045: 6043: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6020: 6018: 6013: 6012: 6008: 5989: 5985: 5977: 5973: 5963: 5959: 5940: 5936: 5926: 5924: 5921:telegraph.co.uk 5915: 5914: 5910: 5894:The Entertainer 5891: 5887: 5876: 5872: 5853: 5849: 5830: 5826: 5807: 5803: 5796: 5788:. p. 242. 5776: 5772: 5762: 5760: 5755: 5754: 5750: 5742: 5738: 5731: 5723:. p. 345. 5711: 5707: 5694: 5693: 5689: 5679: 5677: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5636: 5632: 5622: 5620: 5611:"Leslie Stuart" 5609: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5550: 5548: 5543: 5542: 5538: 5528: 5526: 5521: 5520: 5516: 5506: 5504: 5499: 5498: 5494: 5484: 5482: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5458: 5456: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5425: 5421: 5411: 5409: 5408:on 14 July 2018 5394: 5393: 5386: 5379: 5371:. p. 135. 5359: 5355: 5345: 5343: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5316: 5312: 5305: 5285: 5278: 5268: 5266: 5261: 5260: 5256: 5246: 5244: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5224: 5222: 5213: 5212: 5208: 5198: 5196: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5175: 5167:. p. 133. 5155: 5151: 5140: 5136: 5126: 5124: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5104: 5102: 5097: 5096: 5092: 5082: 5080: 5075: 5074: 5070: 5060: 5058: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5034: 5032: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5008: 5006: 4999: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4980: 4978: 4974: 4966: 4965: 4961: 4951: 4949: 4942: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4889:Wayback Machine 4880: 4876: 4871: 4867: 4861:Golden Slippers 4855: 4851: 4843: 4839: 4828: 4821: 4808: 4804: 4800:, p. 1006. 4796: 4789: 4779: 4777: 4775:Streetswing.com 4769: 4768: 4764: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4738: 4729: 4725: 4714: 4710: 4704:The Entertainer 4701: 4697: 4688: 4684: 4669: 4665: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4635: 4619: 4615: 4606: 4602: 4592:Wayback Machine 4583: 4579: 4573:Wayback Machine 4561: 4557: 4551:Wayback Machine 4539: 4535: 4529:Wayback Machine 4518: 4514: 4505: 4501: 4493: 4489: 4481: 4477: 4467:Gavin Weightman 4465: 4461: 4455:Wayback Machine 4446: 4442: 4433: 4429: 4420: 4416: 4405: 4401: 4390: 4386: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4358: 4354: 4347: 4333: 4329: 4318: 4314: 4303: 4299: 4293:Wayback Machine 4282: 4278: 4267: 4263: 4252: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4225: 4221: 4210: 4206: 4187: 4183: 4168: 4164: 4153: 4149: 4138: 4134: 4123: 4119: 4110: 4103: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4014: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3990: 3988: 3979: 3978: 3974: 3967: 3959:. p. 112. 3947: 3943: 3933: 3931: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3902:British Library 3896: 3895: 3891: 3881: 3879: 3868: 3867: 3863: 3858: 3821: 3755:Edwardian style 3667:Islington Green 3642: 3521:punk pathetique 3469:Joan Littlewood 3448:" (1975), and " 3440:" (1968), and " 3383:Empire theatres 3373:J. B. Priestley 3325:The Entertainer 3276:Charlie Chaplin 3214:, the gymnasts 3175: 3170: 3071:Eugene Stratton 2987:Jolly John Nash 2951:Cecilia Macarte 2867:George Lashwood 2813:Charles Godfrey 2705:Charlie Chaplin 2675:Bessie Bellwood 2652: 2630: 2374:speciality acts 2348: 2346:Speciality acts 2308: 2235:Eugene Stratton 2211:Randolph Sutton 2193:Ask a P'liceman 2157:Arthur J. Mills 2089:George Le Brunn 2045:" for his wife 1969:Charles Collins 1939: 1911:Henry E. Pether 1856:George Le Brunn 1781:Eugene Stratton 1508:Ask a P'liceman 1474: 1457: 1439:of the typical 1393:Alfred Concanen 1339: 1323:Casino de Paris 1255:Josephine Baker 1220:interwar period 1194:Josephine Baker 1124: 1115:The Muppet Show 1068: 1064:The Entertainer 1061: 993:interwar period 989: 947:Walter de Frece 885: 879: 873: 867: 800: 709: 702: 691:London Pavilion 687:variety theatre 683: 681:Variety theatre 643:listed building 583:Villiers Street 539:Islington Green 494:popular ballets 475:London Pavilion 344:Canterbury Hall 336: 294:Another famous 274: 272: 270: 244: 226: 83: 67: 47: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6726: 6716: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6681: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6634: 6609: 6608:External links 6606: 6604: 6603: 6596: 6576: 6569: 6562: 6555: 6552: 6547:Mellor, G.J., 6545: 6540:Mellor, G.J., 6538: 6532: 6519: 6512: 6506: 6493: 6488:Jackson, Lee. 6486: 6479: 6472: 6460:Honri, Peter. 6458: 6453:Honri, Peter. 6451: 6444: 6437: 6431: 6418: 6412: 6399: 6392: 6385: 6378: 6371: 6360: 6352:Bruce, Frank, 6350: 6343: 6336: 6327: 6320: 6313: 6306: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6289: 6267: 6245: 6223: 6205: 6201:(Arthur Lloyd) 6190: 6168: 6149: 6136: 6132:(Arthur Lloyd) 6121: 6109: 6093: 6087:Hackney Empire 6078: 6053: 6028: 6006: 5983: 5971: 5957: 5934: 5908: 5885: 5870: 5847: 5824: 5801: 5795:978-1783831180 5794: 5770: 5748: 5736: 5730:978-0486414751 5729: 5705: 5687: 5661: 5655:978-1783831180 5654: 5630: 5602: 5580: 5558: 5536: 5514: 5492: 5466: 5440: 5419: 5384: 5378:978-1783831180 5377: 5353: 5331: 5310: 5304:978-1783831180 5303: 5276: 5254: 5232: 5206: 5180: 5174:978-1783831180 5173: 5149: 5134: 5112: 5090: 5068: 5051:"J. C. Hefron" 5042: 5016: 4988: 4959: 4931: 4905: 4874: 4865: 4849: 4837: 4819: 4802: 4787: 4762: 4750: 4736: 4723: 4708: 4695: 4682: 4663: 4640: 4633: 4613: 4607:Gillies Midge 4600: 4577: 4566:(Stage Beauty) 4555: 4533: 4512: 4499: 4487: 4475: 4459: 4440: 4427: 4414: 4410:(Arthur Lloyd) 4399: 4395:(Arthur Lloyd) 4384: 4367: 4363:(Arthur Lloyd) 4352: 4345: 4327: 4312: 4308:(Arthur Lloyd) 4297: 4276: 4272:(Arthur Lloyd) 4261: 4257:(Arthur Lloyd) 4246: 4234: 4219: 4215:(Arthur Lloyd) 4204: 4181: 4162: 4147: 4132: 4117: 4101: 4083: 4069: 4046: 4024: 3998: 3972: 3965: 3957:Carcanet Press 3941: 3915: 3889: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3852: 3850:Tivoli circuit 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3830:Concert saloon 3827: 3820: 3817: 3809:North Woolwich 3786:Gaiety Theatre 3757:. It is now a 3655:Hackney Empire 3653:including the 3641: 3638: 3637: 3636: 3615: 3597: 3592:(2001), where 3584: 3568: 3551: 3524: 3514: 3509:" (1974) and " 3499: 3476: 3453: 3450:Baby's Request 3426:Paul McCartney 3418: 3411:Harry Champion 3400: 3397:Pierrot troupe 3375:'s 1965 novel 3370: 3359: 3351: 3338: 3317: 3289: 3273: 3268:The comedy of 3266: 3257: 3236: 3223: 3194: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3168: 3165:Billy Williams 3162: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3137:Victoria Vokes 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3107:Vesta Victoria 3104: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3047:Truly Shattuck 3044: 3038: 3032: 3029:Arthur Roberts 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3005:Jack Pleasants 3002: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2963:Tom Major-Ball 2960: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2915:Cecilia Loftus 2912: 2906: 2900: 2894: 2888: 2885:Katie Lawrence 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2861:Lillie Langtry 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2810: 2804: 2798: 2792: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2759:T. 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Dunville 2756: 2750: 2744: 2741:Johnny Danvers 2738: 2732: 2729:Charles Coborn 2726: 2720: 2714: 2711:Sydney Chaplin 2708: 2702: 2699:Harry Champion 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2653: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2624: 2610: 2600: 2581:Ventriloquists 2578: 2572: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2517: 2514:impressionists 2507: 2500: 2497: 2492:acts, such as 2487: 2480:Knife throwing 2477: 2470:plate spinning 2463: 2449: 2439: 2432: 2421:Julian Eltinge 2402: 2398: 2391: 2385: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2342: 2329:than a modern 2327:pantomime dame 2319: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2302: 2295:Harry Champion 2288: 2285:Harry Champion 2262: 2252: 2249:Vesta Victoria 2238: 2231:Lily of Laguna 2224: 2214: 2204: 2186: 2168: 2154: 2148: 2126: 2104: 2086: 2080: 2070: 2064: 2050: 2036: 2033:Vesta Victoria 2022: 2017:" (1937) and " 2008: 1994: 1984: 1966: 1956: 1949:Harry Castling 1946: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1933: 1922: 1919:Vesta Victoria 1903: 1900:Lottie Collins 1892: 1882: 1867: 1848: 1833: 1814: 1811:Charles Coborn 1803: 1788: 1777:Lily of Laguna 1773: 1766:Harry Castling 1758: 1755:John McCormack 1743: 1740:Harry Champion 1732: 1721: 1710: 1687: 1672: 1649: 1642:Fred E. Cliffe 1634: 1615: 1600: 1597:Katie Lawrence 1585: 1582:Vesta Victoria 1570: 1555: 1536: 1529: 1518: 1504: 1501:Harry Champion 1493: 1483:George Arthurs 1456: 1453: 1370:" (1851) and " 1360:Stephen Foster 1338: 1335: 1315:Folies-Bergere 1308:Champs-Élysées 1277:Folies Bergère 1269:erotic dancing 1260:La Revue Nègre 1244:Folies Bergère 1236:The Gaby Glide 1199:Folies Bergère 1156:Folies-Bergere 1123: 1120: 1062:John Osborne, 1059: 988: 985: 878: 875: 870:Music Hall War 865: 848:Arthur Roberts 821:Music Hall War 817:Holborn Empire 808:Music Hall War 799: 796: 738:Charles Morton 700: 682: 679: 678: 677: 658: 633: 555: 554: 547: 532: 529:Walter Sickert 509:Walter Sickert 498: 497: 490:Folies-Bergere 482: 471: 448:Holborn Empire 406:Hackney Empire 367:Charles Morton 335: 332: 247:Grecian Saloon 225: 222: 185:lions comiques 108: 107: 101: 100: 96: 95: 93:United Kingdom 91:18th century, 89: 85: 84: 82: 81: 76: 72: 66: 65: 59: 53: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6725: 6714: 6711: 6709: 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H. Elliott 3217: 3213: 3212:Harry Bedford 3209: 3205: 3201: 3200: 3195: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3179: 3178: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3159:Sisters Lloyd 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3067:(c.1826–1886) 3066: 3063: 3060: 3059:Mark Sheridan 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3041:Malcolm Scott 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2981:George Mozart 2979: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2957:Julia Macarte 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2855:R. G. Knowles 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2843:Marie Kendall 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2801:Harry Fragson 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2789:Florrie Forde 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2777:G. H. Elliott 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2687:Aimée Campton 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2594: 2593:Arthur Prince 2590: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567:, performing 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2541:Shadow puppet 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2446:Harry Houdini 2443: 2442:Escapologists 2440: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2395:flea circuses 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2368: 2363: 2357: 2352: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2317: 2316:Lion comiques 2314: 2313: 2312: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2291:Harry Wincott 2289: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2273:Florrie Forde 2270: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2255:James W. Tate 2253: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2241:Joseph Tabrar 2239: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2227:Leslie Stuart 2225: 2222: 2218: 2217:Bennett Scott 2215: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2183:Mark Sheridan 2180: 2179:Florrie Forde 2176: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2129:Fred W. Leigh 2127: 2124: 2123:Mark Sheridan 2120: 2116: 2115:Florrie Forde 2112: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2093:Oh! Mr Porter 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2057:James W. Tate 2054: 2051: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2029:Mark Sheridan 2026: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2002: 2001:parlour music 1998: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1960: 1959:Harry Clifton 1957: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1915:Fred W. Leigh 1912: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1879:Florrie Forde 1876: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1852:Oh! Mr Porter 1849: 1846: 1845:Gertie Gitana 1842: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1826:Charles Ingle 1823: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1785:G. H. Elliott 1782: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1729:Mark Sheridan 1726: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1707:Mark Sheridan 1704: 1700: 1696: 1695:Harry Fragson 1692: 1688: 1685: 1684:Florrie Forde 1681: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1665:Florrie Forde 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1631:Florrie Forde 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1608:Fred W. Leigh 1605: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1578:Joseph Tabrar 1575: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1526:Mark Sheridan 1523: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1487:Fred W. Leigh 1484: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1466: 1461: 1452: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1409:William Booth 1406: 1402: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1355: 1353: 1347: 1345: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1238:. The singer 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1213: 1208: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1170:(1893). The 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1133: 1128: 1119: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1109: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1081: 1075: 1073: 1065: 1058: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1043:rock and roll 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1024:Gracie Fields 1021: 1020:George Formby 1017: 1013: 1010:In 1914, the 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 984: 982: 979: 975: 971: 966: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 894: 889: 884: 871: 864: 859: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 840:Marie Dainton 836: 833: 830: 826: 822: 818: 809: 804: 795: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 776:Frank Matcham 772: 770: 769:Argyll Street 766: 762: 758: 754: 749: 747: 743: 739: 736:, managed by 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 706: 699: 694: 692: 688: 685:A new era of 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 656: 655:Tower Hamlets 652: 648: 644: 641: 637: 634: 631: 627: 623: 619: 616: 615: 614: 611: 609: 605: 600: 597: 595: 590: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 552: 548: 544: 540: 537:or Collins', 536: 533: 530: 526: 522: 521: 520: 510: 506: 502: 495: 491: 487: 483: 480: 476: 472: 469: 465: 464:Oxford Street 461: 457: 456: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 429: 425: 421: 417: 415: 411: 407: 403: 402:Frank Matcham 399: 395: 390: 388: 384: 379: 377: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 349: 345: 340: 331: 329: 325: 319: 317: 313: 309: 305: 304:Covent Garden 301: 297: 289: 284: 279: 277: 266: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 242: 240: 236: 232: 221: 218: 214: 210: 206: 201: 196: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 165: 163: 159: 158:Tower Hamlets 155: 151: 147: 141: 139: 134: 130: 126: 125:Victorian era 122: 114: 106: 102: 97: 94: 90: 86: 80: 77: 74: 73: 70: 64: 61: 60: 57: 54: 50: 43: 38: 33: 30: 26: 22: 6626:. 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