2454:
subjective, first-person causal powers by being essentially intentional due to the way human brains function biologically; conscious persons can perform computations, but consciousness is not inherently computational the way computer programs are. To make a Turing machine that speaks
Chinese, Searle imagines a room with one monolingual English speaker (Searle himself, in fact), a book that designates a combination of Chinese symbols to be output paired with Chinese symbol input, and boxes filled with Chinese symbols. In this case, the English speaker is acting as a computer and the rulebook as a program. Searle argues that with such a machine, he would be able to process the inputs to outputs perfectly without having any understanding of Chinese, nor having any idea what the questions and answers could possibly mean. If the experiment were done in English, since Searle knows English, he would be able to take questions and give answers without any algorithms for English questions, and he would be effectively aware of what was being said and the purposes it might serve. Searle would pass the Turing test of answering the questions in both languages, but he is only conscious of what he is doing when he speaks English. Another way of putting the argument is to say that computer programs can pass the Turing test for processing the syntax of a language, but that the syntax cannot lead to semantic meaning in the way strong AI advocates hoped.
1905:. Although dream sleep and non-dream sleep appear very similar to an outside observer, each is associated with a distinct pattern of brain activity, metabolic activity, and eye movement; each is also associated with a distinct pattern of experience and cognition. During ordinary non-dream sleep, people who are awakened report only vague and sketchy thoughts, and their experiences do not cohere into a continuous narrative. During dream sleep, in contrast, people who are awakened report rich and detailed experiences in which events form a continuous progression, which may however be interrupted by bizarre or fantastic intrusions. Thought processes during the dream state frequently show a high level of irrationality. Both dream and non-dream states are associated with severe disruption of memory: it usually disappears in seconds during the non-dream state, and in minutes after awakening from a dream unless actively refreshed.
1787:(differentiation) because it integrates those details from our sensory systems, while the integrative nature of consciousness in this view easily explains how our experience can seem unified as one whole despite all of these individual parts. However, it remains unspecified which kinds of information are integrated in a conscious manner and which kinds can be integrated without consciousness. Nor is it explained what specific causal role conscious integration plays, nor why the same functionality cannot be achieved without consciousness. Obviously not all kinds of information are capable of being disseminated consciously (e.g., neural activity related to vegetative functions, reflexes, unconscious motor programs, low-level perceptual analyzes, etc.) and many kinds of information can be disseminated and combined with other kinds without consciousness, as in intersensory interactions such as the
844:, who focused on systematic errors in perception, memory and decision-making, has differentiated between two kinds of mental processes, or cognitive "systems": the "fast" activities that are primary, automatic and "cannot be turned off", and the "slow", deliberate, effortful activities of a secondary system "often associated with the subjective experience of agency, choice, and concentration". Kahneman's two systems have been described as "roughly corresponding to unconscious and conscious processes". The two systems can interact, for example in sharing the control of attention. While System 1 can be impulsive, "System 2 is in charge of self-control", and "When we think of ourselves, we identify with System 2, the conscious, reasoning self that has beliefs, makes choices, and decides what to think about and what to do".
2197:, characterized by an inability to direct action or attention toward objects located to the left with respect to their bodies. Patients with hemispatial neglect are often paralyzed on the left side of the body, but sometimes deny being unable to move. When questioned about the obvious problem, the patient may avoid giving a direct answer, or may give an explanation that does not make sense. Patients with hemispatial neglect may also fail to recognize paralyzed parts of their bodies: one frequently mentioned case is of a man who repeatedly tried to throw his own paralyzed right leg out of the bed he was lying in, and when asked what he was doing, complained that somebody had put a dead leg into the bed with him. An even more striking type of anosognosia is
1982:(sensing the body); input-processing (seeing meaning); emotions; memory; time sense; sense of identity; evaluation and cognitive processing; motor output; and interaction with the environment. Each of these, in his view, could be altered in multiple ways by drugs or other manipulations. The components that Tart identified have not, however, been validated by empirical studies. Research in this area has not yet reached firm conclusions, but a recent questionnaire-based study identified eleven significant factors contributing to drug-induced states of consciousness: experience of unity; spiritual experience; blissful state; insightfulness; disembodiment; impaired control and cognition; anxiety; complex imagery; elementary imagery; audio-visual
2583:
great leg of and she never left us a farthing all for masses for herself and her soul greatest miser ever was actually afraid to lay out 4d for her methylated spirit telling me all her ailments she had too much old chat in her about politics and earthquakes and the end of the world let us have a bit of fun first God help the world if all the women were her sort down on bathingsuits and lownecks of course nobody wanted her to wear them I suppose she was pious because no man would look at her twice I hope Ill never be like her a wonder she didnt want us to cover our faces but she was a well-educated woman certainly and her gabby talk about Mr
Riordan here and Mr Riordan there I suppose he was glad to get shut of her.
2545:
five senses (seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting or touch sensations), or a thought (relating to the past, present or the future) that happen to arise in the mind. The mental events generated as a result of these triggers are: feelings, perceptions and intentions/behaviour. The moment-by-moment manifestation of the mind-stream is said to happen in every person all the time. It even happens in a scientist who analyzes various phenomena in the world, or analyzes the material body including the organ brain. The manifestation of the mindstream is also described as being influenced by physical laws, biological laws, psychological laws, volitional laws, and universal laws. The purpose of the
Buddhist practice of
2034:. There are two commonly used methods for assessing the level of consciousness of a patient: a simple procedure that requires minimal training, and a more complex procedure that requires substantial expertise. The simple procedure begins by asking whether the patient is able to move and react to physical stimuli. If so, the next question is whether the patient can respond in a meaningful way to questions and commands. If so, the patient is asked for name, current location, and current day and time. A patient who can answer all of these questions is said to be "alert and oriented times four" (sometimes denoted "A&Ox4" on a medical chart), and is usually considered fully conscious.
1535:
extensive cognitive repertoire of birdsâthere are comparative neuroanatomical ways to validate some of the principal, currently competing, mammalian consciousnessâbrain theories. The rationale for such a comparative study is that the avian brain deviates structurally from the mammalian brain. So how similar are they? What homologs can be identified? The general conclusion from the study by Butler, et al., is that some of the major theories for the mammalian brain also appear to be valid for the avian brain. The structures assumed to be critical for consciousness in mammalian brains have homologous counterparts in avian brains. Thus the main portions of the theories of
1547:, and Cotterill seem to be compatible with the assumption that birds are conscious. Edelman also differentiates between what he calls primary consciousness (which is a trait shared by humans and non-human animals) and higher-order consciousness as it appears in humans alone along with human language capacity. Certain aspects of the three theories, however, seem less easy to apply to the hypothesis of avian consciousness. For instance, the suggestion by Crick and Koch that layer 5 neurons of the mammalian brain have a special role, seems difficult to apply to the avian brain, since the avian homologs have a different morphology. Likewise, the theory of
1264:, by postulating an invisible entity that is not necessary to explain what we observe. Some philosophers, such as Daniel Dennett in a research paper titled "The Unimagined Preposterousness of Zombies", argue that people who give this explanation do not really understand what they are saying. More broadly, philosophers who do not accept the possibility of zombies generally believe that consciousness is reflected in behavior (including verbal behavior), and that we attribute consciousness on the basis of behavior. A more straightforward way of saying this is that we attribute experiences to people because of what they can
2482:(such as qualia or binding) having no innate (preloaded) philosophical knowledge on these issues, no philosophical discussions while learning, and no informational models of other creatures in its memory (such models may implicitly or explicitly contain knowledge about these creatures' consciousness). However, this test can be used only to detect, but not refute the existence of consciousness. A positive result proves that a machine is conscious but a negative result proves nothing. For example, absence of philosophical judgments may be caused by lack of the machine's intellect, not by absence of consciousness.
1877:
2253:
about the question, because a denial that an animal is conscious is often taken to imply that it does not feel, its life has no value, and that harming it is not morally wrong. Descartes, for example, has sometimes been blamed for mistreatment of animals due to the fact that he believed only humans have a non-physical mind. Most people have a strong intuition that some animals, such as cats and dogs, are conscious, while others, such as insects, are not; but the sources of this intuition are not obvious, and are often based on personal interactions with pets and other animals they have observed.
527:
deliver one's primary knowledge of one's mental life. An experience or other mental entity is 'phenomenally conscious' just in case there is 'something it is like' for one to have it. The clearest examples are: perceptual experience, such as tastings and seeings; bodily-sensational experiences, such as those of pains, tickles and itches; imaginative experiences, such as those of one's own actions or perceptions; and streams of thought, as in the experience of thinking 'in words' or 'in images'. Introspection and phenomenality seem independent, or dissociable, although this is controversial.
1524:
phenomenal experience of stimulus intensity (brightness, contrast). In the research group of Danko NikoliÄ it has been shown that some of the changes in the subjectively perceived brightness correlated with the modulation of firing rates while others correlated with the modulation of neural synchrony. An fMRI investigation suggested that these findings were strictly limited to the primary visual areas. This indicates that, in the primary visual areas, changes in firing rates and synchrony can be considered as neural correlates of qualiaâat least for some type of qualia.
1625:(IIT) postulates that consciousness resides in the information being processed and arises once the information reaches a certain level of complexity. Additionally, IIT is one of the only leading theories of consciousness that attempts to create a 1:1 mapping between conscious states and precise, formal mathematical descriptions of those mental states. Proponents of this model suggest that it may provide a physical grounding for consciousness in neurons, as they provide the mechanism by which information is integrated.
2257:
10151:
1447:
55:
10174:
1381:, which means treating verbal reports as stories that may or may not be true, but his ideas about how to do this have not been widely adopted. Another issue with verbal report as a criterion is that it restricts the field of study to humans who have language: this approach cannot be used to study consciousness in other species, pre-linguistic children, or people with types of brain damage that impair language. As a third issue, philosophers who dispute the validity of the
648:'Things' have been doubted, but thoughts and feelings have never been doubted. The outer world, but never the inner world, has been denied. Everyone assumes that we have direct introspective acquaintance with our thinking activity as such, with our consciousness as something inward and contrasted with the outer objects which it knows. Yet I must confess that for my part I cannot feel sure of this conclusion. It seems as if consciousness as an inner activity were rather a
1018:
13176:
11383:
2050:, which yields a number in the range 3â15, with a score of 3 to 8 indicating coma, and 15 indicating full consciousness. The Glasgow Coma Scale has three subscales, measuring the best motor response (ranging from "no motor response" to "obeys commands"), the best eye response (ranging from "no eye opening" to "eyes opening spontaneously") and the best verbal response (ranging from "no verbal response" to "fully oriented"). There is also a simpler
13200:
1414:. The test examines whether animals are able to differentiate between seeing themselves in a mirror versus seeing other animals. The classic example involves placing a spot of coloring on the skin or fur near the individual's forehead and seeing if they attempt to remove it or at least touch the spot, thus indicating that they recognize that the individual they are seeing in the mirror is themselves. Humans (older than 18 months) and other
10162:
10094:
1252:, that is, people who think it is possible in principle to have an entity that is physically indistinguishable from a human being and behaves like a human being in every way but nevertheless lacks consciousness. Related issues have also been studied extensively by Greg Littmann of the University of Illinois, and by Colin Allen (a professor at the University of Pittsburgh) regarding the literature and research studying
1520:
by some experimental data and theoretical arguments; nevertheless humans can perceive visual inputs in the peripheral visual field arising from bottom-up V1 neural activities. Meanwhile, bottom-up V1 activities for the central visual fields can be vetoed, and thus made invisible to perception, by the top-down feedback, when these bottom-up signals are inconsistent with the brain's internal model of the visual world.
1349:
2438:
1960:, and others in this group can produce major distortions of perception, including hallucinations; some users even describe their drug-induced experiences as mystical or spiritual in quality. The brain mechanisms underlying these effects are not as well understood as those induced by use of alcohol, but there is substantial evidence that alterations in the brain system that uses the chemical neurotransmitter
13188:
11393:
10128:
10198:
285:
13207:
10210:
13221:
2612:, distinguished between three types of consciousness: 'Simple Consciousness', awareness of the body, possessed by many animals; 'Self Consciousness', awareness of being aware, possessed only by humans; and 'Cosmic Consciousness', awareness of the life and order of the universe, possessed only by humans who have attained "intellectual enlightenment or illumination".
840:ârequires no agreed definition of "consciousness" but studies the interaction of many processes besides perception. For some researchers, consciousness is linked to some kind of "selfhood", for example to certain pragmatic issues such as the feeling of agency and the effects of regret and action on experience of one's own body or social identity. Similarly
627:, 'personal consciousness' is one of the terms in question. Its meaning we know so long as no one asks us to define it, but to give an accurate account of it is the most difficult of philosophic tasks. The only states of consciousness that we naturally deal with are found in personal consciousnesses, minds, selves, concrete particular I's and you's.
1642:. In that theory, specific cortical areas, notably in the superior temporal sulcus and the temporo-parietal junction, are used to build the construct of awareness and attribute it to other people. The same cortical machinery is also used to attribute awareness to oneself. Damage to these cortical regions can lead to deficits in consciousness such as
232:, which translates literally as "knowing with oneself", or in other words "sharing knowledge with oneself about something". This phrase has the figurative sense of "knowing that one knows", which is something like the modern English word "conscious", but it was rendered into English as "conscious to oneself" or "conscious unto oneself". For example,
1003:), yet its back is countless thousands of miles across and its wings are like clouds arcing across the heavens. "Like Of a Flock, whose wings arc across the heavens, the wings of your consciousness span to the horizon. At the same time, the wings of every other being's consciousness span to the horizon. You are of a flock, one bird among kin."
1364:. In the majority of experiments that are specifically about consciousness, the subjects are human, and the criterion used is verbal report: in other words, subjects are asked to describe their experiences, and their descriptions are treated as observations of the contents of consciousness. For example, subjects who stare continuously at a
1222:(which is, roughly speaking, the question of how mental experience can arise from a physical basis), a more specialized question is how to square the subjective notion that we are in control of our decisions (at least in some small measure) with the customary view of causality that subsequent events are caused by prior events. The topic of
7989:
1340:
that has been developed by neurologists and other medical professionals who deal with patients whose behavior is impaired. In either case, the ultimate goals are to develop techniques for assessing consciousness objectively in humans as well as other animals, and to understand the neural and psychological mechanisms that underlie it.
2238:", calling theory of mind "necessary for autobiographical consciousness" and defining it as "understanding differences between one's own mind and others' minds in terms of beliefs, desires, emotions and thoughts". They write, "The hallmark of theory of mind, the understanding of false belief, occurs ... at five to six years of age".
2322:"We decided to reach a consensus and make a statement directed to the public that is not scientific. It's obvious to everyone in this room that animals have consciousness, but it is not obvious to the rest of the world. It is not obvious to the rest of the Western world or the Far East. It is not obvious to the society."
924:(A-consciousness), though these terms had been used before Block. P-consciousness, according to Block, is raw experience: it is moving, colored forms, sounds, sensations, emotions and feelings with our bodies and responses at the center. These experiences, considered independently of any impact on behavior, are called
870:. Issues of practical concern include how the level of consciousness can be assessed in severely ill, comatose, or anesthetized people, and how to treat conditions in which consciousness is impaired or disrupted. The degree or level of consciousness is measured by standardized behavior observation scales such as the
1894:
altered states occur naturally; others can be produced by drugs or brain damage. Altered states can be accompanied by changes in thinking, disturbances in the sense of time, feelings of loss of control, changes in emotional expression, alternations in body image and changes in meaning or significance.
1631:(Orch OR) postulates that consciousness originates at the quantum level inside neurons. The mechanism is held to be a quantum process called objective reduction that is orchestrated by cellular structures called microtubules. However the details of the mechanism would go beyond current quantum theory.
2457:
In the literature concerning artificial intelligence, Searle's essay has been second only to Turing's in the volume of debate it has generated. Searle himself was vague about what extra ingredients it would take to make a machine conscious: all he proposed was that what was needed was "causal powers"
2220:
Of the eight types of consciousness in the Lycan classification, some are detectable in utero and others develop years after birth. Psychologist and educator
William Foulkes studied children's dreams and concluded that prior to the shift in cognitive maturation that humans experience during ages five
1824:
has put forth one such potential adaptive advantage gained by conscious creatures by suggesting that consciousness allows an individual to make distinctions between appearance and reality. This ability would enable a creature to recognize the likelihood that their perceptions are deceiving them (e.g.
1714:
remains a topic of ongoing scientific inquiry. The survival value of consciousness is still a matter of exploration and understanding. While consciousness appears to play a crucial role in human cognition, decision-making, and self-awareness, its adaptive significance across different species remains
1610:
in 1988. Baars explains the theory with the metaphor of a theater, with conscious processes represented by an illuminated stage. This theater integrates inputs from a variety of unconscious and otherwise autonomous networks in the brain and then broadcasts them to unconscious networks (represented in
1519:
reflect the visual perception in the situation when conflicting visual images are presented to different eyes (i.e., bistable percepts during binocular rivalry). Furthermore, top-down feedback from higher to lower visual brain areas may be weaker or absent in the peripheral visual field, as suggested
1394:
regarding the neural bases of arousal and purposeful movement is very extensive. Their reliability as indicators of consciousness is disputed, however, due to numerous studies showing that alert human subjects can be induced to behave purposefully in a variety of ways in spite of reporting a complete
1389:
Although verbal report is in practice the "gold standard" for ascribing consciousness, it is not the only possible criterion. In medicine, consciousness is assessed as a combination of verbal behavior, arousal, brain activity, and purposeful movement. The last three of these can be used as indicators
1339:
of alterations in consciousness produced by trauma, illness, or drugs. Broadly viewed, scientific approaches are based on two core concepts. The first identifies the content of consciousness with the experiences that are reported by human subjects; the second makes use of the concept of consciousness
970:
There is also debate over whether or not A-consciousness and P-consciousness always coexist or if they can exist separately. Although P-consciousness without A-consciousness is more widely accepted, there have been some hypothetical examples of A without P. Block, for instance, suggests the case of a
666:
It is difficult for modern
Western man to grasp that the Greeks really had no concept of consciousness in that they did not class together phenomena as varied as problem solving, remembering, imagining, perceiving, feeling pain, dreaming, and acting on the grounds that all these are manifestations of
2425:
could pass the test, yet fail to be conscious. A third group of scholars have argued that with technological growth once machines begin to display any substantial signs of human-like behavior then the dichotomy (of human consciousness compared to human-like consciousness) becomes passé and issues of
1994:
The medical approach to consciousness is scientifically oriented. It derives from a need to treat people whose brain function has been impaired as a result of disease, brain damage, toxins, or drugs. In medicine, conceptual distinctions are considered useful to the degree that they can help to guide
1828:
Other philosophers, however, have suggested that consciousness would not be necessary for any functional advantage in evolutionary processes. No one has given a causal explanation, they argue, of why it would not be possible for a functionally equivalent non-conscious organism (i.e., a philosophical
1376:
Verbal report is widely considered to be the most reliable indicator of consciousness, but it raises a number of issues. For one thing, if verbal reports are treated as observations, akin to observations in other branches of science, then the possibility arises that they may contain errorsâbut it is
749:
goal is to find the "neural correlates of consciousness" (NCC). One criticism of this goal is that it begins with a theoretical commitment to the neurological origin of all "experienced phenomena" whether inner or outer. Also, the fact that the easiest 'content of consciousness' to be so analyzed is
2252:
The topic of animal consciousness is beset by a number of difficulties. It poses the problem of other minds in an especially severe form, because non-human animals, lacking the ability to express human language, cannot tell humans about their experiences. Also, it is difficult to reason objectively
1893:
There are some brain states in which consciousness seems to be absent, including dreamless sleep or coma. There are also a variety of circumstances that can change the relationship between the mind and the world in less drastic ways, producing what are known as altered states of consciousness. Some
1798:
about which animals other than humans can be said to possess it. Edelman has described this distinction as that of humans possessing higher-order consciousness while sharing the trait of primary consciousness with non-human animals (see previous paragraph). Thus, any examination of the evolution of
1259:
The most commonly given answer is that we attribute consciousness to other people because we see that they resemble us in appearance and behavior; we reason that if they look like us and act like us, they must be like us in other ways, including having experiences of the sort that we do. There are,
895:
Philosophers differ from non-philosophers in their intuitions about what consciousness is. While most people have a strong intuition for the existence of what they refer to as consciousness, skeptics argue that this intuition is too narrow, either because the concept of consciousness is embedded in
2598:
To most philosophers, the word "consciousness" connotes the relationship between the mind and the world. To writers on spiritual or religious topics, it frequently connotes the relationship between the mind and God, or the relationship between the mind and deeper truths that are thought to be more
2582:
Yes because he never did a thing like that before as ask to get his breakfast in bed with a couple of eggs since the City Arms hotel when he used to be pretending to be laid up with a sick voice doing his highness to make himself interesting for that old faggot Mrs
Riordan that he thought he had a
2544:
or "mental continuum". Buddhist teachings describe that consciousness manifests moment to moment as sense impressions and mental phenomena that are continuously changing. The teachings list six triggers that can result in the generation of different mental events. These triggers are input from the
1908:
Research conducted on the effects of partial epileptic seizures on consciousness found that patients who have partial epileptic seizures experience altered states of consciousness. In partial epileptic seizures, consciousness is impaired or lost while some aspects of consciousness, often automated
1779:
connections that reciprocally link areas of the brain in a massively parallel manner. Edelman also stresses the importance of the evolutionary emergence of higher-order consciousness in humans from the historically older trait of primary consciousness which humans share with non-human animals (see
1758:
Opinions are divided on when and how consciousness first arose. It has been argued that consciousness emerged (i) exclusively with the first humans, (ii) exclusively with the first mammals, (iii) independently in mammals and birds, or (iv) with the first reptiles. Other authors date the origins of
1523:
Modulation of neural responses may correlate with phenomenal experiences. In contrast to the raw electrical responses that do not correlate with consciousness, the modulation of these responses by other stimuli correlates surprisingly well with an important aspect of consciousness: namely with the
904:
outlook that improperly distinguishes between mind and body, or between mind and world. He proposed that we speak not of minds, bodies, and the world, but of entities, or identities, acting in the world. Thus, by speaking of "consciousness" we end up leading ourselves by thinking that there is any
526:
for four main topics: knowledge in general, intentionality, introspection (and the knowledge it specifically generates) and phenomenal experience... Something within one's mind is 'introspectively conscious' just in case one introspects it (or is poised to do so). Introspection is often thought to
2481:
In 2014, Victor
Argonov has suggested a non-Turing test for machine consciousness based on a machine's ability to produce philosophical judgments. He argues that a deterministic machine must be regarded as conscious if it is able to produce judgments on all problematic properties of consciousness
2453:
sought to refute the claim of proponents of what he calls "strong artificial intelligence (AI)" that a computer program can be conscious, though he does agree with advocates of "weak AI" that computer programs can be formatted to "simulate" conscious states. His own view is that consciousness has
1971:. Some research with brain waves during meditation has reported differences between those corresponding to ordinary relaxation and those corresponding to meditation. It has been disputed, however, whether there is enough evidence to count these as physiologically distinct states of consciousness.
1845:
arising as a consequence of other developments such as increases in brain size or cortical rearrangement. Consciousness in this sense has been compared to the blind spot in the retina where it is not an adaption of the retina, but instead just a by-product of the way the retinal axons were wired.
1551:
seems incompatible, since a structural homolog/analogue to the dendron has not been found in avian brains. The assumption of an avian consciousness also brings the reptilian brain into focus. The reason is the structural continuity between avian and reptilian brains, meaning that the phylogenetic
725:
noted however, as of 2009, that there was a deep level of "confusion and internal division" among experts about the phenomenon of consciousness, because researchers lacked "a sufficiently well-specified use of the term...to agree that they are investigating the same thing". He argued additionally
1511:. There is substantial evidence that a "top-down" flow of neural activity (i.e., activity propagating from the frontal cortex to sensory areas) is more predictive of conscious awareness than a "bottom-up" flow of activity. The prefrontal cortex is not the only candidate area, however: studies by
1368:
usually report that they experience it "flipping" between two 3D configurations, even though the stimulus itself remains the same. The objective is to understand the relationship between the conscious awareness of stimuli (as indicated by verbal report) and the effects the stimuli have on brain
1558:
of UCLA has advocated the position of the importance of the prefrontal cortex in humans, along with the areas of
Wernicke and Broca, as being of particular importance to the development of human language capacities neuro-anatomically necessary for the emergence of higher-order consciousness in
1534:
Assuming that not only humans but even some non-mammalian species are conscious, a number of evolutionary approaches to the problem of neural correlates of consciousness open up. For example, assuming that birds are consciousâa common assumption among neuroscientists and ethologists due to the
1108:
Since the dawn of
Newtonian science with its vision of simple mechanical principles governing the entire universe, some philosophers have been tempted by the idea that consciousness could be explained in purely physical terms. The first influential writer to propose such an idea explicitly was
1071:
Although it is widely accepted that
Descartes explained the problem cogently, few later philosophers have been happy with his solution, and his ideas about the pineal gland have especially been ridiculed. However, no alternative solution has gained general acceptance. Proposed solutions can be
986:
observes: "At the level of your experience, you are not a body of cells, organelles, and atoms; you are consciousness and its ever-changing contents". Seen in this way, consciousness is a subjectively experienced, ever-present field in which things (the contents of consciousness) come and go.
1819:
gave rise to consciousness (" psychon ... linked to dendron through quantum physics"). Bernard Baars proposed that once in place, this "recursive" circuitry may have provided a basis for the subsequent development of many of the functions that consciousness facilitates in higher organisms.
882:
While historically philosophers have defended various views on consciousness, surveys indicate that physicalism is now the dominant position among contemporary philosophers of mind. For an overview of the field, approaches often include both historical perspectives (e.g., Descartes, Locke,
2229:
use "autobiographical consciousness" to label essentially the same faculty, and agree with Foulkes on the timing of this faculty's acquisition. Nelson and Fivush contend that "language is the tool by which humans create a new, uniquely human form of consciousness, namely, autobiographical
2057:
In 2013, an experimental procedure was developed to measure degrees of consciousness, the procedure involving stimulating the brain with a magnetic pulse, measuring resulting waves of electrical activity, and developing a consciousness score based on the complexity of the brain activity.
1786:
section above). These theories of integrative function present solutions to two classic problems associated with consciousness: differentiation and unity. They show how our conscious experience can discriminate between a virtually unlimited number of different possible scenes and details
2458:
of the sort that the brain has and that computers lack. But other thinkers sympathetic to his basic argument have suggested that the necessary (though perhaps still not sufficient) extra conditions may include the ability to pass not just the verbal version of the Turing test, but the
975:" that is computationally identical to a person but without any subjectivity. However, he remains somewhat skeptical concluding "I don't know whether there are any actual cases of A-consciousness without P-consciousness, but I hope I have illustrated their conceptual possibility".
1909:
behaviors, remain intact. Studies found that when measuring the qualitative features during partial epileptic seizures, patients exhibited an increase in arousal and became absorbed in the experience of the seizure, followed by difficulty in focusing and shifting attention.
2045:
in a hospital setting. A formal neurological examination runs through a precisely delineated series of tests, beginning with tests for basic sensorimotor reflexes, and culminating with tests for sophisticated use of language. The outcome may be summarized using the
1693:
paradigm to consciousness, a model of how sensory data is integrated with priors in a process of projective transformation. The authors argue that, while their model identifies a key relationship between computation and phenomenology, it does not completely solve
606:
James discussed the difficulties of describing and studying psychological phenomena, recognizing that commonly-used terminology was a necessary and acceptable starting point towards more precise, scientifically justified language. Prime examples were phrases like
2409:. To pass the test, a computer must be able to imitate a human well enough to fool interrogators. In his essay Turing discussed a variety of possible objections, and presented a counterargument to each of them. The Turing test is commonly cited in discussions of
1658:
in which a brain focuses its resources on a limited set of interrelated signals. Awareness, in this theory, is a useful, simplified schema that represents attentional states. To be aware of X is explained by constructing a model of one's attentional focus on X.
1995:
treatments. The medical approach focuses mostly on the amount of consciousness a person has: in medicine, consciousness is assessed as a "level" ranging from coma and brain death at the low end, to full alertness and purposeful responsiveness at the high end.
1276:
For many decades, consciousness as a research topic was avoided by the majority of mainstream scientists, because of a general feeling that a phenomenon defined in subjective terms could not properly be studied using objective experimental methods. In 1975
2405:. Turing disavowed any interest in terminology, saying that even "Can machines think?" is too loaded with spurious connotations to be meaningful; but he proposed to replace all such questions with a specific operational test, which has become known as the
2300:, dismiss this argument as incoherent. Several psychologists and ethologists have argued for the existence of animal consciousness by describing a range of behaviors that appear to show animals holding beliefs about things they cannot directly perceiveâ
1105:(which holds that both mind and matter are aspects of a distinct essence that is itself identical to neither of them). There are also, however, a large number of idiosyncratic theories that cannot cleanly be assigned to any of these schools of thought.
1531:. This measure was shown to be higher in individuals that are awake, in REM sleep or in a locked-in state than in those who are in deep sleep or in a vegetative state, making it potentially useful as a quantitative assessment of consciousness states.
694:âto be conscious it is only necessary to be aware of the external world. Consciousness is a fascinating but elusive phenomenon: it is impossible to specify what it is, what it does, or why it has evolved. Nothing worth reading has been written on it.
4969:
Lucido, R. J. (2023). Testing the consciousness causing collapse interpretation of quantum mechanics using subliminal primes derived from random fluctuations in radioactive decay. Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research, 14(3), 185-194.
789:, what is introspectable". Jaynes saw consciousness as an important but small part of human mentality, and he asserted: "there can be no progress in the science of consciousness until ... what is introspectable sharply distinguished" from the
2561:" means writing in a way that attempts to portray the moment-to-moment thoughts and experiences of a character. This technique perhaps had its beginnings in the monologues of Shakespeare's plays and reached its fullest development in the novels of
773:, which for decades had been ignored or taken for granted rather than explained, there could be no "conception of what consciousness is" and in 1990, he reaffirmed the traditional idea of the phenomenon called 'consciousness', writing that "its
1770:
Regarding the primary function of conscious processing, a recurring idea in recent theories is that phenomenal states somehow integrate neural activities and information-processing that would otherwise be independent. This has been called the
1459:
A major part of the scientific literature on consciousness consists of studies that examine the relationship between the experiences reported by subjects and the activity that simultaneously takes place in their brainsâthat is, studies of the
8620:
Seel RT, Sherer M, Whyte J, Katz DI, Giacino JT, Rosenbaum AM, Hammond FM, Kalmar K, Pape TL, et al. (December 2010). "Assessment scales for disorders of consciousness: evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice and research".
1373:, the behavior of subjects is clearly influenced by stimuli for which they report no awareness, and suitable experimental manipulations can lead to increasing priming effects despite decreasing prime identification (double dissociation).
1198:
in protein. At the present time many scientists and philosophers consider the arguments for an important role of quantum phenomena to be unconvincing. Empirical evidence is against the notion of quantum consciousness, an experiment about
2295:
the organism"; and he argued that no matter how much we know about an animal's brain and behavior, we can never really put ourselves into the mind of the animal and experience its world in the way it does itself. Other thinkers, such as
3257:
Jaucourt, Louis, chevalier de. "Consciousness." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Scott St. Louis. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2014.
1841:, it is unclear what adaptive advantage consciousness could provide. As a result, an exaptive explanation of consciousness has gained favor with some theorists that posit consciousness did not evolve as an adaptation but was an
1385:
may feel that it is possible, at least in principle, for verbal report to be dissociated from consciousness entirely: a philosophical zombie may give detailed verbal reports of awareness in the absence of any genuine awareness.
1734:
theory of consciousness, according to which consciousness is a causally inert effect of neural activityâ"as the steam-whistle which accompanies the work of a locomotive engine is without influence upon its machinery". To this
1281:
published an influential psychological study which distinguished between slow, serial, and limited conscious processes and fast, parallel and extensive unconscious ones. The Science and Religion Forum 1984 annual conference,
2325:"Convergent evidence indicates that non-human animals ..., including all mammals and birds, and other creatures, ... have the necessary neural substrates of consciousness and the capacity to exhibit intentional behaviors."
716:
proposed that the "everyday understanding of consciousness" uncontroversially "refers to experience itself rather than any particular thing that we observe or experience" and he added that consciousness "is exemplified by
8785:
In defining 'consciousness' as a self-reflective act, psychology loses much of the glamour and mystery of other areas of consciousness-study, but it also can proceed on a workaday basis without becoming paralyzed in pure
1464:. The hope is to find that activity in a particular part of the brain, or a particular pattern of global brain activity, which will be strongly predictive of conscious awareness. Several brain imaging techniques, such as
2006:. Patients may have disorders of consciousness or may need to be anesthetized for a surgical procedure. Physicians may perform consciousness-related interventions such as instructing the patient to sleep, administering
750:"the experienced three-dimensional world (the phenomenal world) beyond the body surface" invites another criticism, that most consciousness research since the 1990s, perhaps because of bias, has focused on processes of
10084:
702:
If awareness of the environment . . . is the criterion of consciousness, then even the protozoans are conscious. If awareness of awareness is required, then it is doubtful whether the great apes and human infants are
1080:
solutions that maintain that there is really only one realm of being, of which consciousness and matter are both aspects. Each of these categories itself contains numerous variants. The two main types of dualism are
544:
that the mind likewise had hidden layers "which recorded the past of the individual". By 1875, most psychologists believed that "consciousness was but a small part of mental life", and this idea underlie the goal of
1194:. None of the quantum mechanical theories have been confirmed by experiment. Recent publications by G. Guerreshi, J. Cia, S. Popescu, and H. Briegel could falsify proposals such as those of Hameroff, which rely on
1498:
A number of studies have shown that activity in primary sensory areas of the brain is not sufficient to produce consciousness: it is possible for subjects to report a lack of awareness even when areas such as the
1377:
difficult to make sense of the idea that subjects could be wrong about their own experiences, and even more difficult to see how such an error could be detected. Daniel Dennett has argued for an approach he calls
8894:
The basic connotative definition of consciousness is thus an analog 'I' narratizing in a functional mind-space. The denotative definition is, as it was for Descartes, Locke, and Hume, what is introspectable.
2623:, a comparison of western and eastern ways of thinking about the mind. Wilber described consciousness as a spectrum with ordinary awareness at one end, and more profound types of awareness at higher levels.
499:
defines consciousness as "he state of being aware of and responsive to one's surroundings", " person's awareness or perception of something", and "he fact of awareness by the mind of itself and the world".
1825:
that water in the distance may be a mirage) and behave accordingly, and it could also facilitate the manipulation of others by recognizing how things appear to them for both cooperative and devious ends.
2282:
Philosophers who consider subjective experience the essence of consciousness also generally believe, as a correlate, that the existence and nature of animal consciousness can never rigorously be known.
2315:
to celebrate the Francis Crick Memorial Conference, which deals with consciousness in humans and pre-linguistic consciousness in nonhuman animals. After the conference, they signed in the presence of
2189:, but either misunderstand the nature of the problem or deny that there is anything wrong with them. The most frequently occurring form is seen in people who have experienced a stroke damaging the
1248:
question: Given that I can only observe the behavior of others, how can I know that others have minds? The problem of other minds is particularly acute for people who believe in the possibility of
9276:
Driven by Compression Progress: A Simple Principle Explains Essential Aspects of Subjective Beauty, Novelty, Surprise, Interestingness, Attention, Curiosity, Creativity, Art, Science, Music, Jokes
2434:
argues that consciousness is the result of compression. As an agent sees representation of itself recurring in the environment, the compression of this representation can be called consciousness.
2367:, a precursor (never built) to modern electronic computers. Lovelace was essentially dismissive of the idea that a machine such as the Analytical Engine could think in a humanlike way. She wrote:
1862:
have indicated the importance of the emergence of human language as an important regulative mechanism of learning and memory in the context of the development of higher-order consciousness (see
6117:
Rodney M.J. Cotterill (2001). "Cooperation of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, sensory cerebrum and hippocampus: possible implications for cognition, consciousness, intelligence and creativity".
10082:
2371:
It is desirable to guard against the possibility of exaggerated ideas that might arise as to the powers of the Analytical Engine. ... The Analytical Engine has no pretensions whatever to
1076:
solutions that maintain Descartes's rigid distinction between the realm of consciousness and the realm of matter but give different answers for how the two realms relate to each other; and
228:(1651) wrote: "Where two, or more men, know of one and the same fact, they are said to be Conscious of it one to another". There were also many occurrences in Latin writings of the phrase
690:; awareness. The term is impossible to define except in terms that are unintelligible without a grasp of what consciousness means. Many fall into the trap of equating consciousness with
461:
the state or activity that is characterized by sensation, emotion, volition, or thought; mind in the broadest possible sense; something in nature that is distinguished from the physical
1747:, it is plausible that consciousness has not only been influenced by neural processes, but has had a survival value itself; and it could only have had this if it had been efficacious.
2234:
had staked out these positions decades earlier. Citing the developmental steps that lead the infant to autobiographical consciousness, Nelson and Fivush point to the acquisition of "
967:; state/event consciousness; reportability; introspective consciousness; subjective consciousness; self-consciousness)âand that even this list omits several more obscure forms.
10083:
9351:
928:. A-consciousness, on the other hand, is the phenomenon whereby information in our minds is accessible for verbal report, reasoning, and the control of behavior. So, when we
3962:
2470:
and interact with the things in the world that its words are about, Turing-indistinguishably from a real person. Turing-scale robotics is an empirical branch of research on
1791:. Hence it remains unclear why any of it is conscious. For a review of the differences between conscious and unconscious integrations, see the article of Ezequiel Morsella.
1743:
by stating an evolutionary argument for mind-brain interaction implying that if the preservation and development of consciousness in the biological evolution is a result of
1650:
schema theory, the value of explaining the feature of awareness and attributing it to a person is to gain a useful predictive model of that person's attentional processing.
712:
Many philosophers have argued that consciousness is a unitary concept that is understood by the majority of people despite the difficulty philosophers have had defining it.
656:
By the 1960s, for many philosophers and psychologists who talked about consciousness, the word no longer meant the 'inner world' but an indefinite, large category called
2201:, a rarely occurring condition in which patients become blind but claim to be able to see normally, and persist in this claim in spite of all evidence to the contrary.
1041:
Mental processes (such as consciousness) and physical processes (such as brain events) seem to be correlated, however the specific nature of the connection is unknown.
948:
has argued that A-consciousness can in principle be understood in mechanistic terms, but that understanding P-consciousness is much more challenging: he calls this the
146:, either continuously changing or not. The disparate range of research, notions and speculations raises a curiosity about whether the right questions are being asked.
1139:, and by philosophers such as Daniel Dennett, seek to explain consciousness in terms of neural events occurring within the brain. Many other neuroscientists, such as
396:
evolved over several centuries and reflect a range of seemingly related meanings, with some differences that have been controversial, such as the distinction between
1978:
in the 1960s and 1970s. Tart analyzed a state of consciousness as made up of a number of component processes, including exteroception (sensing the external world);
2221:
to seven, children lack the Lockean consciousness that Lycan had labeled "introspective consciousness" and that Foulkes labels "self-reflection". In a 2020 paper,
8405:
4536:
Cai J, Popescu S, Briegel H (2010). "Persistent dynamic entanglement from classical motion: How bio-molecular machines can generate non-trivial quantum states".
1240:
Many philosophers consider experience to be the essence of consciousness, and believe that experience can only fully be known from the inside, subjectively. The
3308:
1527:
In 2013, the perturbational complexity index (PCI) was proposed, a measure of the algorithmic complexity of the electrophysiological response of the cortex to
1064:(the realm of extension). He suggested that the interaction between these two domains occurs inside the brain, perhaps in a small midline structure called the
729:
Within the "modern consciousness studies" community the technical phrase 'phenomenal consciousness' is a common synonym for all forms of awareness, or simply '
11765:
11274:
5920:
Adenauer G. Casali, Olivia Gosseries, Mario Rosanova, Mélanie Boly, Simone Sarasso, Karina R. Casali, Silvia Casarotto, Marie-Aurélie Bruno, Steven Laureys,
1317:
7836:
4141:
2726:(1967): "Locke's use of 'consciousness' was widely adopted in British philosophy. In the late nineteenth century the term 'introspection' began to be used.
8564:
8301:
7445:
6609:
10925:
2185:
is a Greek-derived term meaning "unawareness of disease". This is a condition in which patients are disabled in some way, most commonly as a result of a
1290:
was a keynote speaker. Starting in the 1980s, an expanding community of neuroscientists and psychologists have associated themselves with a field called
1158:
A few theoretical physicists have argued that classical physics is intrinsically incapable of explaining the holistic aspects of consciousness, but that
671:
Many philosophers and scientists have been unhappy about the difficulty of producing a definition that does not involve circularity or fuzziness. In The
4494:
Ron Sun and Stan Franklin, Computational models of consciousness: A taxonomy and some examples. In: P.D. Zelazo, M. Moscovitch, and E. Thompson (eds.),
1327:
Modern medical and psychological investigations into consciousness are based on psychological experiments (including, for example, the investigation of
8963:
1674:
and under the influence of psychedelic drugs, is in a disordered state; normal waking consciousness constrains some of this freedom and makes possible
6341:
Northoff G, Lamme V (2020). "Neural signs and mechanisms of consciousness: Is there a potential convergence of theories of consciousness in sight?".
1829:
zombie) to achieve the very same survival advantages as a conscious organism. If evolutionary processes are blind to the difference between function
1491:
where the specific thalamocortical systems (content) and the non-specific (centromedial thalamus) thalamocortical systems (context) interact in the
733:', without differentiating between inner and outer, or between higher and lower types. With advances in brain research, "the presence or absence of
261:
in a way less like the traditional meaning and more like the way modern English speakers would use "conscience", his meaning is nowhere defined. In
12831:
6427:
9111:
2925:
640:
was the mind "attending to" itself, an activity seemingly distinct from that of perceiving the 'outer world' and its physical phenomena. In 1892
429:
13941:
7529:
3332:
1799:
consciousness is faced with great difficulties. Nevertheless, some writers have argued that consciousness can be viewed from the standpoint of
1479:. This idea arose from proposals in the 1980s, by Christof von der Malsburg and Wolf Singer, that gamma oscillations could solve the so-called
5981:
Ann B. Butler, Paul R. Manger, B.I.B Lindahl, Peter Ă
rhem (2005). "Evolution of the neural basis of consciousness: a bird-mammal comparison".
4296:
2859:
887:) and organization by key issues in contemporary debates. An alternative is to focus primarily on current philosophical stances and empirical
9448:
5875:
Williams Adrian L., Singh Krishna D., Smith Andrew T. (2003). "Surround modulation measured with functional MRI in the human visual cortex".
963:
that at least eight clearly distinct types of consciousness can be identified (organism consciousness; control consciousness; consciousness
13259:
3829:
1611:
the metaphor by a broad, unlit "audience"). The theory has since been expanded upon by other scientists including cognitive neuroscientist
102:. Opinions differ about what exactly needs to be studied or even considered consciousness. In some explanations, it is synonymous with the
13936:
4742:
4195:
3187:
2413:
as a proposed criterion for machine consciousness; it has provoked a great deal of philosophical debate. For example, Daniel Dennett and
847:
Some have argued that we should eliminate the concept from our understanding of the mind, a position known as consciousness semanticism.
193:
date to the 17th century, and the first recorded use of "conscious" as a simple adjective was applied figuratively to inanimate objects (
3354:
11429:
8049:
Johanson M., Valli K., Revonsuo A., et al. (2008). "Alterations in the contents of consciousness in partial epileptic seizures".
440:
awareness or perception of an inward psychological or spiritual fact; intuitively perceived knowledge of something in one's inner self
11758:
11221:
10900:
10890:
9312:
6917:
6273:
Fischer DB, Boes AD, Demertzi A, Evrard HC, Laureys S, Edlow BL, Liu H, Saper CB, Pascual-Leone A, Fox MD, Geerling JC (2016-12-06).
2291:". He said that an organism is conscious "if and only if there is something that it is like to be that organismâsomething it is like
1592:
A wide range of empirical theories of consciousness have been proposed. Adrian Doerig and colleagues list 13 notable theories, while
8152:
The Physical and Psychological Effects of Meditation: A Review of Contemporary Research With a Comprehensive Bibliography, 1931â1996
8006:
Johanson M., Valli K., Revonsuo A., Wedlund J. (2008). "Content analysis of subjective experiences in partial epileptic seizures".
3931:
2558:
1815:. In his article "Evolution of consciousness", John Eccles argued that special anatomical and physical properties of the mammalian
4514:
2739:"Investigating "how experience ensues from the brain", rather than exploring a factual claim, betrays a philosophical commitment".
2022:, while neuroscientists may study patients with impaired consciousness in hopes of gaining information about how the brain works.
1570:
in the brainstem was suggested to drive consciousness through functional connectivity with two cortical regions, the left ventral
1143:, have explored the neural basis of consciousness without attempting to frame all-encompassing global theories. At the same time,
10242:
2889:
990:
Christopher Tricker argues that this field of consciousness is symbolized by the mythical bird that opens the Daoist classic the
149:
Examples of the range of descriptions, definitions or explanations are: ordered distinction between self and environment, simple
3677:
13971:
12879:
10910:
2098:
results in possible irreversible disruption of consciousness. While other conditions may cause a moderate deterioration (e.g.,
1475:
Another idea that has drawn attention for several decades is that consciousness is associated with high-frequency (gamma band)
4270:
13900:
13860:
11246:
10046:
10008:
9986:
9964:
9908:
9885:
9863:
9828:
9801:
9779:
9746:
9714:
9644:
9619:
9374:
9254:
9226:
9192:
9137:
9068:
9026:
8745:
8716:
8387:
8284:
8181:
8105:
7983:
7907:
7668:
7512:
7320:
7235:
7206:
6098:
5529:
5519:
5448:
5191:
5124:
5092:
5020:
4995:
4954:
4882:
4813:
4685:
4609:
4479:
4448:
4416:
4386:
4354:
4326:
4250:
4124:
4066:
4025:
3993:
3823:
3786:
3761:
3723:
3687:
3532:
3390:
3170:
3059:
2972:
2915:"The Sad and Sorry History of Consciousness: being, among other things, a challenge to the "consciousness-studies community""
1089:(which holds that the laws of physics are universally valid but cannot be used to explain the mind). The three main types of
17:
8302:"Neuropathological findings in the brain of Karen Ann Quinlan â the role of the thalamus in the persistent vegetative state"
5210:
J.T. Giacino, C.M. Smart (2007). "Recent advances in behavioral assessment of individuals with disorders of consciousness".
4225:
583:
noted that the "ambiguous word 'content' has been recently invented instead of 'object'" and that the metaphor of mind as a
12824:
11751:
11687:
11206:
10895:
10292:
8409:
8129:
2491:
2401:
1488:
1123:). His arguments, however, were very abstract. The most influential modern physical theories of consciousness are based on
600:
509:
319:
305:
166:
3866:
Fins JJ, Schiff ND, Foley KM (2007). "Late recovery from the minimally conscious state: ethical and policy implications".
636:
Prior to the 20th century, philosophers treated the phenomenon of consciousness as the "inner world one's own mind", and
13587:
11886:
10799:
9162:
8187:
6684:
5631:
4707:
3641:(March 2016). "What's the Use of Consciousness? How the Stab of Conscience Made Us Really Conscious". In Engel AK (ed.).
2395:
One of the most influential contributions to this question was an essay written in 1950 by pioneering computer scientist
1759:
consciousness to the first animals with nervous systems or early vertebrates in the Cambrian over 500 million years ago.
1655:
476:
waking life (as that to which one returns after sleep, trance, fever) wherein all one's mental powers have returned . . .
10166:
6320:
4212:
The cicada and the bird. The usefulness of a useless philosophy. Chuang Tzu's ancient wisdom translated for modern life.
765:
rejected popular but "superficial views of consciousness" especially those which equate it with "that vaguest of terms,
309:, published in 1690, as "the perception of what passes in a man's own mind". The essay strongly influenced 18th-century
13582:
12859:
12500:
11216:
11112:
10789:
7946:
6940:"Commentary: The entropic brain: a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs"
4928:
Mandler, G. Consciousness recovered: Psychological functions and origins of thought. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 2002
4031:
1461:
281:(translatable as "conscience, or internal testimony"). It might mean the knowledge of the value of one's own thoughts.
3299:
13931:
13156:
13146:
12570:
10099:
9938:
8887:
8856:
6545:
4788:
3660:
3431:
3006:
2803:
2355:
built of clay. However, the possibility of actually constructing a conscious machine was probably first discussed by
1695:
1528:
1321:
5083:
Arnaud Destrebecqz, Philippe Peigneux (2006). "Methods for studying unconscious learning". In Steven Laureys (ed.).
4086:
619:
The first and foremost concrete fact which every one will affirm to belong to his inner experience is the fact that
364:. The prospects for reaching any single, agreed-upon, theory-independent definition of consciousness appear remote.
13961:
13895:
13252:
13192:
11308:
11196:
10935:
3706:(March 2016). "Action-Oriented Understanding of Consciousness and the Structure of Experience". In Engel AK (ed.).
2131:
The patient has awareness, sleep-wake cycles, and meaningful behavior (viz., eye-movement), but is isolated due to
1628:
1312:
6518:
Baars BJ (2005). "Global workspace theory of consciousness: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of human experience".
726:
that "pre-existing theoretical commitments" to competing explanations of consciousness might be a source of bias.
13921:
12817:
11314:
11301:
10392:
8275:
Hal Blumenfeld (2009). "The neurological examination of consciousness". In Steven Laureys, Giulio Tononi (eds.).
7875:
7594:
7190:
6206:
6160:
4172:
3260:
Originally published as "Conscience," Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers
1548:
9523:
8603:
8394:
Note: A patient who can additionally describe the current situation may be referred to as "oriented times four".
8340:
7484:
6570:
2155:
The patient has sleep-wake cycles, but lacks awareness and only displays reflexive and non-purposeful behavior.
1360:
Experimental research on consciousness presents special difficulties, due to the lack of a universally accepted
13769:
13702:
11422:
11396:
11320:
10960:
10132:
8984:
7122:
1967:
There has been some research into physiological changes in yogis and people who practise various techniques of
1888:
1821:
1306:
1085:(which holds that the mind is formed of a distinct type of substance not governed by the laws of physics), and
31:
4214:
3273:
373:
had a concept of consciousness. He does not use any single word or terminology that is clearly similar to the
13926:
13890:
13717:
13369:
13276:
11360:
11062:
10920:
10337:
8908:"The Development of Autobiographical Memory, Autobiographical Narratives, and Autobiographical Consciousness"
8800:"The Development of Autobiographical Memory, Autobiographical Narratives, and Autobiographical Consciousness"
2677:
2288:
2051:
2031:
1622:
1503:
show clear electrical responses to a stimulus. Higher brain areas are seen as more promising, especially the
1219:
1190:. Some of these QM theories offer descriptions of phenomenal consciousness, as well as QM interpretations of
949:
11529:
2319:, the 'Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness', which summarizes the most important findings of the survey:
1974:
The most extensive study of the characteristics of altered states of consciousness was made by psychologist
1775:. Another example has been proposed by Gerald Edelman called dynamic core hypothesis which puts emphasis on
13966:
13535:
13309:
13111:
12854:
11347:
10764:
10497:
8959:
8563:
Monti MM, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Coleman MR, Boly M, Pickard JD, Tshibanda L, Owen AM, Laureys S (18 Feb 2010).
6864:"The entropic brain: a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs"
6862:
Carhart-Harris RL, Leech R, Hellyer PJ, Shanahan M, Feilding A, Tagliazucchi E, Chialvo DR, Nutt D (2014).
1073:
901:
489:
10154:
6989:
David Rudrauf, Daniel Bennequin, Isabela Granic, Gregory Landini, Karl Friston, Kenneth Williford (2017).
4626:
591:" things, or objects; by 1899 psychologists were busily studying the "contents of conscious experience by
13885:
13245:
13121:
11524:
11353:
11280:
11268:
10412:
10235:
10143:
7256:"The evolutionary and genetic origins of consciousness in the Cambrian Period over 500 million years ago"
4342:
2273:
2198:
2147:
The patient has intermittent periods of awareness and wakefulness and displays some meaningful behavior.
2075:
2018:
may be concerned with the ethical implications of consciousness in medical cases of patients such as the
1296:
1110:
7776:
6388:
2426:
machine autonomy begin to prevail even as observed in its nascent form within contemporary industry and
13634:
13624:
11327:
11162:
11127:
11022:
10839:
10332:
10188:
9104:
8732:
Kenneth M. Heilman (1991). "Anosognosia: possible neuropsychological mechanisms". In George Prigatano,
5771:"The Flip Tilt Illusion: Visible in Peripheral Vision as Predicted by the Central-Peripheral Dichotomy"
5130:
4915:
3378:
2914:
2067:
1945:
1776:
1399:
have also shown that the influence consciousness has on decision-making is not always straightforward.
742:
162:
35:
8524:"Towards the routine use of brain imaging to aid the clinical diagnosis of disorders of consciousness"
1718:
Some people question whether consciousness has any survival value. Some argue that consciousness is a
481:
the part of mental life or psychic content in psychoanalysis that is immediately available to the egoâ
13956:
13864:
13784:
13509:
13439:
13429:
13131:
12540:
12184:
12159:
11881:
11415:
11341:
11107:
11017:
10467:
10442:
10382:
10118:
4875:
Catching ourselves in the act: situated activity, interactive emergence, evolution, and human thought
3148:
3026:
2650:
2071:
1575:
1396:
7570:
7549:
6528:
5889:
3326:
2820:
2499:
is usually credited with popularizing the idea that human consciousness flows like a stream, in his
1920:, have notable effects on consciousness. These range from a simple dulling of awareness produced by
13868:
13180:
13116:
12864:
12414:
11591:
11452:
10970:
10487:
9412:
4711:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University.
4292:
2334:
2107:
2038:
1667:
1152:
557:
495:
9930:
3610:
3213:
1101:(which holds that only thought or experience truly exists, and matter is merely an illusion), and
13986:
13742:
13567:
13098:
11931:
11790:
11712:
11287:
11181:
10905:
10885:
10859:
10774:
10297:
9444:
9084:
5826:
Biederlack J., Castelo-Branco M., Neuenschwander S., Wheeler D.W., Singer W., NikoliÄ D. (2006).
4056:
2671:
2410:
2312:
2267:
by taking "the bat's point of view", it would still be impossible "to know what it is like for a
1876:
1639:
1599:
1587:
1571:
1253:
1148:
940:, information about the past is access conscious, and so on. Although some philosophers, such as
224:
3051:
3045:
2347:, who carved a statue that was magically brought to life, and in medieval Jewish stories of the
1483:, by linking information represented in different parts of the brain into a unified experience.
955:
Some philosophers believe that Block's two types of consciousness are not the end of the story.
698:
Using 'awareness', however, as a definition or synonym of consciousness is not a simple matter:
13981:
13946:
13819:
13814:
13722:
12899:
12869:
12634:
12071:
11682:
11484:
11386:
11147:
11082:
10915:
10272:
10228:
9611:
9603:
9407:
7544:
6523:
5884:
4627:"At the crossroad of the search for spontaneous radiation and the Orch OR consciousness theory"
2087:
2019:
1957:
1603:
1562:
A study in 2016 looked at lesions in specific areas of the brainstem that were associated with
1361:
1241:
1235:
1200:
1167:
858:
and responsiveness, which can be seen as a continuum of states ranging from full alertness and
9688:
9060:
4192:
3715:
3652:
3191:
470:
of which an individual or a group is aware at any given time or within a particular time spanâ
13804:
13794:
13732:
13682:
13656:
13562:
13557:
13444:
13419:
13294:
13141:
12758:
12618:
11795:
11732:
11697:
11477:
11462:
11142:
11102:
11027:
10930:
10809:
10432:
10352:
9678:
9512:"Experimental Methods for Unraveling the Mind-body Problem: The Phenomenal Judgment Approach"
7223:
6571:"Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workspace framework"
5926:"A Theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior"
4738:
4673:
3364:
2603:
2344:
1933:
1794:
As noted earlier, even among writers who consider consciousness to be well-defined, there is
1515:
and his colleagues have shown, for example, that visually responsive neurons in parts of the
1500:
1391:
1260:
however, a variety of problems with that explanation. For one thing, it seems to violate the
1049:
1022:
1012:
867:
758:
119:
10178:
9270:
8866:.... Consciousness is not the same as cognition and should be sharply distinguished from it.
5919:
5828:"Brightness induction: Rate enhancement and neuronal synchronization as complementary codes"
5707:"A new framework for understanding vision from the perspective of the primary visual cortex"
4897:
Mandler, G. "Consciousness: Respectable, useful, and probably necessary". In R. Solso (Ed.)
2431:
2343:
made conscious is an ancient theme of mythology, appearing for example in the Greek myth of
2311:
On July 7, 2012, eminent scientists from different branches of neuroscience gathered at the
106:, and at other times, an aspect of it. In the past, it was one's "inner life", the world of
13839:
13572:
13078:
13003:
12993:
12612:
12274:
12076:
11906:
11646:
11294:
11132:
11072:
10965:
10769:
10649:
10302:
10114:
10001:
Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy
9327:
9290:
8224:
7797:
Zack Robinson, Corey J. Maley, Gualtiero Piccinini (2015). "Is Consciousness a Spandrel?".
7734:
7610:
7395:
7152:
7070:
7002:
6767:
6218:
6035:
5825:
5571:
5479:
5351:
5262:
4783:, Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen, 288 pages, Oxford University Press, USA (June 3, 2010),
4638:
4555:
2998:
2730:'s definition is typical: "To introspect is to attend to the workings of one's own mind" ".
2689:
2608:
2593:
2422:
2247:
1800:
1795:
1788:
1328:
1249:
1195:
1191:
1136:
972:
292:
10700:
7899:
7893:
6988:
6913:
6772:"REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics"
2994:
Leviathan: or, The Matter, Forme & Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civill
2759:
1662:
The entropic brain is a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with
679:
emphasized external awareness, and expressed a skeptical attitude more than a definition:
8:
13519:
13349:
13161:
13106:
12937:
12066:
11727:
11067:
10980:
10629:
10457:
10277:
10018:
9730:
8379:
3983:
2644:
2627:
2557:
In the West, the primary impact of the idea has been on literature rather than science: "
2194:
2091:
1723:
1643:
1508:
1476:
1378:
565:
546:
9331:
9294:
8228:
7614:
7399:
7156:
7074:
7006:
6222:
6039:
5575:
5483:
5355:
5266:
4642:
4559:
2163:
The patient lacks awareness and sleep-wake cycles and only displays reflexive behavior.
1166:(QM) theories of consciousness. Notable theories falling into this category include the
905:
sort of thing as consciousness separated from behavioral and linguistic understandings.
866:, loss of meaningful communication, and finally loss of movement in response to painful
556:
Other metaphors from various sciences inspired other analyses of the mind, for example:
245:, literally 'knowledge-with', first appears in Roman juridical texts by writers such as
13951:
13872:
13747:
13597:
13268:
13126:
12952:
12116:
11367:
11334:
11137:
11117:
11092:
11087:
11032:
10751:
10372:
10342:
9834:
9425:
9280:
9216:
9212:
9042:
8937:
8829:
8761:
8681:
8595:
8504:
8461:
8332:
8247:
8210:
8074:
8031:
7867:
7814:
7746:
7562:
7476:
7418:
7383:
7364:
7282:
7255:
7036:
6966:
6939:
6890:
6863:
6844:
6796:
6771:
6744:
6719:
6676:
6601:
6495:
6419:
6366:
6307:
6242:
6188:
6142:
6059:
5963:
5857:
5803:
5770:
5742:
5662:
5605:
5497:
5418:
5375:
5321:
5235:
4579:
4545:
4406:
4164:
3954:
3891:
3879:
3420:
3122:
2878:"A novel concept introducing the idea of continuously changing levels of consciousness"
2851:
2710:
2475:
2471:
2417:
argue that anything capable of passing the Turing test is necessarily conscious, while
2414:
2297:
2171:
The patient lacks awareness, sleep-wake cycles, and brain-mediated reflexive behavior.
2136:
2079:
2047:
2007:
1719:
1552:
origin of consciousness may be earlier than suggested by many leading neuroscientists.
1419:
1332:
1144:
871:
721:
the things that we observe or experience", whether thoughts, feelings, or perceptions.
691:
310:
274:
10563:
9339:
8522:
Coleman MR, Davis MH, Rodd JM, Robson T, Ali A, Owen AM, Pickard JD (September 2009).
8479:
Bernat JL (20 Jul 2010). "The natural history of chronic disorders of consciousness".
8449:
8100:(DSM-IV-TR ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 31 July 1994.
7352:
6589:
6537:
6130:
5274:
4508:
2877:
2839:
1058:(the realm of thought), in contrast to the domain of material things, which he called
1052:. Descartes proposed that consciousness resides within an immaterial domain he called
13976:
13809:
13666:
13284:
13225:
13211:
13199:
13018:
12652:
12590:
12344:
12329:
11996:
11651:
11628:
11621:
11601:
11596:
11581:
11554:
11499:
11467:
11052:
11012:
10997:
10725:
10654:
10634:
10518:
10402:
10214:
10042:
10022:
10004:
9982:
9960:
9934:
9904:
9881:
9859:
9838:
9824:
9797:
9775:
9767:
9742:
9710:
9682:
9640:
9615:
9492:
9343:
9250:
9222:
9188:
9133:
9064:
9022:
8941:
8929:
8883:
8852:
8833:
8821:
8741:
8712:
8673:
8638:
8587:
8545:
8496:
8453:
8383:
8324:
8280:
8252:
8177:
8101:
8066:
8023:
7979:
7903:
7859:
7818:
7738:
7664:
7638:
7633:
7598:
7508:
7502:
7468:
7423:
7356:
7316:
7287:
7231:
7202:
7168:
7028:
6971:
6895:
6836:
6832:
6801:
6749:
6720:"Human consciousness and its relationship to social neuroscience: A novel hypothesis"
6668:
6660:
6593:
6551:
6541:
6499:
6487:
6423:
6411:
6370:
6358:
6312:
6294:
6234:
6180:
6146:
6134:
6094:
6051:
5998:
5955:
5902:
5849:
5808:
5790:
5746:
5734:
5726:
5654:
5597:
5589:
5525:
5444:
5410:
5379:
5367:
5313:
5278:
5227:
5187:
5178:
5120:
5088:
5062:
5016:
4991:
4950:
4878:
4809:
4784:
4712:
4681:
4654:
4605:
4571:
4475:
4444:
4437:
4412:
4382:
4375:
4350:
4322:
4246:
4120:
4062:
4021:
3989:
3883:
3819:
3782:
3757:
3719:
3683:
3656:
3642:
3528:
3520:
3427:
3386:
3242:
3166:
3126:
3055:
3002:
2968:
2843:
2799:
2360:
1913:
1812:
1744:
1663:
1612:
1567:
1504:
1446:
1204:
1159:
1082:
825:
676:
568:
sought the "structure" of the mind by analyzing its "elements". The abstract idea of
257:(1596â1650), writing in Latin, is generally taken to be the first philosopher to use
233:
46:
13379:
13053:
10472:
10139:
9429:
9144:
Note: In many stories the Golem was mindless, but some gave it emotions or thoughts.
8685:
8599:
8508:
8465:
8078:
8035:
7566:
7221:
6680:
6354:
6246:
6192:
5861:
5666:
5609:
5515:
5501:
5422:
4583:
4168:
3895:
2855:
1682:. Criticism has included questioning whether the theory has been adequately tested.
1484:
1294:, giving rise to a stream of experimental work published in books, journals such as
1045:
1026:
254:
90:. However, its nature has led to millennia of analyses, explanations, and debate by
13651:
13644:
13609:
13577:
13399:
13013:
12957:
12718:
12687:
12379:
12139:
11821:
11717:
11656:
11571:
11226:
11167:
10869:
10854:
10849:
10824:
10784:
10759:
10639:
10609:
10477:
10447:
10427:
10287:
10034:
9926:
9851:
9816:
9582:
9482:
9417:
9335:
8996:
8919:
8811:
8665:
8630:
8579:
8535:
8488:
8445:
8336:
8316:
8242:
8232:
8211:"Psychometric evaluation of the altered states of consciousness rating scale (OAV)"
8058:
8015:
7971:
7967:
7871:
7851:
7806:
7750:
7730:
7628:
7618:
7554:
7480:
7460:
7413:
7403:
7368:
7348:
7277:
7267:
7195:
7160:
7114:
7078:
7040:
7018:
7010:
6961:
6951:
6885:
6875:
6848:
6828:
6791:
6783:
6739:
6731:
6652:
6605:
6585:
6533:
6477:
6467:
6403:
6350:
6302:
6286:
6226:
6172:
6126:
6063:
6043:
5990:
5980:
5967:
5945:
5937:
5894:
5839:
5798:
5782:
5718:
5646:
5579:
5487:
5402:
5359:
5339:
5325:
5305:
5270:
5239:
5219:
5052:
4646:
4563:
4156:
3958:
3946:
3875:
3811:
3711:
3648:
3638:
3259:
3114:
3084:
2835:
2683:
2549:
is to understand the inherent nature of the consciousness and its characteristics.
2463:
2222:
1941:
1808:
1731:
1690:
1635:
1512:
1507:, which is involved in a range of higher cognitive functions collectively known as
1407:
1370:
1261:
1086:
1054:
997:
944:, have disputed the validity of this distinction, others have broadly accepted it.
900:, for example, argued that traditional understanding of consciousness depends on a
573:
561:
493:
defines consciousness as "the state of understanding and realizing something". The
385:. Victor Caston contends that Aristotle did have a concept more clearly similar to
190:
13592:
6990:
6472:
6455:
4625:
Derakhshani M, DiĂłsi L, Laubenstein M, Piscicchia K, Curceanu C (September 2022).
4266:
2992:
2626:
Other examples include the various levels of spiritual consciousness presented by
2506:
According to James, the "stream of thought" is governed by five characteristics:
13494:
13354:
13314:
13068:
13058:
13033:
12972:
12932:
12889:
12840:
12694:
12647:
12475:
12334:
12101:
11956:
11826:
11816:
11661:
11606:
11576:
11564:
11519:
11504:
11231:
11042:
10992:
10720:
10664:
10624:
10584:
10462:
10367:
10202:
9948:
9896:
9878:
The Feeling of Life Itself: Why Consciousness Is Widespread but Can't Be Computed
9734:
9368:
9054:
8733:
8704:
8700:
8669:
8492:
8372:
8237:
8095:
7464:
6735:
6290:
6209:(1990). "A unitary hypothesis of mind-brain interaction in the cerebral cortex".
5941:
5925:
5874:
5844:
5827:
5223:
4938:
4702:
4402:
4229:
4222:
4218:
4199:
3751:
3356:
Consciousness - definition of consciousness in English | Oxford Dictionaries
2631:
2574:
2536:
A similar concept appears in Buddhist philosophy, expressed by the Sanskrit term
2364:
2316:
2111:
1929:
1816:
1699:
1616:
1480:
1431:
1212:
1183:
1171:
991:
841:
818:
814:
8320:
8062:
8019:
7339:(January 2002). "The conscious access hypothesis: Origins and recent evidence".
5363:
4650:
3815:
2256:
339:
13754:
13604:
13499:
13409:
13374:
13344:
13329:
13299:
13048:
13028:
13023:
12909:
12628:
11991:
11951:
11896:
11241:
11191:
10819:
10730:
10659:
10644:
10614:
10589:
10543:
10528:
10523:
10422:
10362:
10347:
10327:
10317:
10312:
10282:
9789:
9308:
9242:
9208:
9050:
8634:
8122:
7855:
7381:
7308:
7228:
Consciousness Transitions: Phylogenetic, Ontogenetic, and Physiological Aspects
7014:
6407:
6082:
5722:
5406:
5393:
David Edelman, Anil Seth (2009). "Animal consciousness: a synthetic approach".
5173:
5151:
5108:
4947:
Toward a Science of Consciousness III: The Third Tucson Discussions and Debates
4942:
4829:
4567:
4432:
4370:
4082:
4052:
3238:
2566:
2418:
2301:
2235:
2215:
1859:
1855:
1760:
1679:
1555:
1403:
1278:
1162:
may provide the missing ingredients. Several theorists have therefore proposed
1132:
1102:
945:
941:
738:
644:
noted the distinction along with doubts about the inward character of the mind:
314:
241:
178:
143:
67:
9855:
9421:
9274:
9158:
9090:
9086:
Animal Consciousness Officially Recognized by Leading Panel of Neuroscientists
9000:
8169:
7796:
6639:
5670:
5492:
5465:
4971:
4160:
3950:
3118:
1578:. These three regions may work together as a triad to maintain consciousness.
1097:(which holds that the mind consists of matter organized in a particular way),
916:
argued that discussions on consciousness often failed to properly distinguish
828:
point of viewâwith an inter-disciplinary perspective involving fields such as
621:
consciousness of some sort goes on. 'States of mind' succeed each other in him
13915:
13834:
13759:
13629:
13619:
13524:
13479:
13474:
13449:
13424:
13414:
13394:
13319:
13151:
13136:
13063:
12793:
12783:
12515:
12480:
12424:
12404:
12389:
12294:
12219:
12194:
12086:
12016:
11966:
11856:
11616:
11489:
11057:
10715:
10705:
10695:
10685:
10619:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10558:
10553:
10548:
10533:
10492:
10387:
10150:
10038:
10026:
9996:
9873:
9587:
9570:
9544:
8924:
8907:
8816:
8799:
7972:"Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states"
7764:
7699:
7656:
7336:
7272:
7118:
7098:
6956:
6880:
6664:
6640:"Integrated information theory: from consciousness to its physical substrate"
6298:
6274:
6086:
6023:
6019:
5921:
5794:
5786:
5730:
5627:
5623:
5593:
5436:
4983:
4851:
4716:
4678:
The Consciousness Paradox: Consciousness, Concepts, and Higher-Order Thoughts
4467:
4112:
3415:
2988:
2942:
2791:
2496:
2231:
2190:
1979:
1847:
1736:
1675:
1607:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1516:
1452:
1287:
1208:
1187:
1140:
1115:
956:
933:
884:
859:
770:
762:
641:
637:
592:
587:
seemed to minimize the dualistic problem of how "states of consciousness can
580:
466:
the totality in psychology of sensations, perceptions, ideas, attitudes, and
342:
as "the opinion or internal feeling that we ourselves have from what we do".
335:
219:
139:
107:
7931:
7623:
7504:
If a Lion Could Talk: Animal Intelligence and the Evolution of Consciousness
7408:
5584:
5559:
4937:
4408:
The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness
4013:
3909:
3804:"Consciousness Semanticism: A Precise Eliminativist Theory of Consciousness"
3088:
2340:
1044:
The first influential philosopher to discuss this question specifically was
54:
13789:
13779:
13774:
13737:
13687:
13484:
13464:
13454:
13384:
13304:
13088:
13083:
13073:
13043:
13038:
13008:
12884:
12675:
12399:
12364:
12081:
11946:
11876:
11785:
11774:
11559:
11211:
11157:
10482:
10357:
10307:
9496:
9154:
9014:
8933:
8825:
8677:
8642:
8591:
8549:
8540:
8523:
8500:
8457:
8256:
8165:
8070:
8027:
7963:
7863:
7742:
7472:
7427:
7360:
7291:
7164:
7032:
6975:
6914:"Entropy as More than Chaos in the Brain: Expanding Field, Expanding Minds"
6899:
6840:
6805:
6753:
6672:
6597:
6555:
6491:
6415:
6362:
6316:
6230:
6138:
6002:
5959:
5906:
5853:
5812:
5738:
5658:
5601:
5470:
5414:
5317:
5282:
5231:
5066:
4658:
4575:
3979:
3887:
3590:(2009). "How to define consciousnessâand how not to define consciousness".
3160:
3140:
3022:
2910:
2847:
2531:
It is interested in some parts of these objects to the exclusion of others.
2446:
2387:
any analytical relations or truths. Its province is to assist us in making
2356:
2284:
2263:
argues that while a human might be able to imagine what it is like to be a
2260:
2226:
2132:
2011:
1975:
1851:
1726:
for example defends in an essay titled "On the Hypothesis that Animals are
1686:
1472:, have been used for physical measures of brain activity in these studies.
1336:
1245:
1163:
1128:
1065:
1030:
897:
837:
746:
269:
RegulĂŠ ad directionem ingenii ut et inquisitio veritatis per lumen naturale
253:
value, specifically what a witness knows of someone else's deeds. Although
174:
170:
63:
59:
12669:
9848:
Consciousness as a Scientific Concept: A Philosophy of Science Perspective
9820:
9347:
9130:
Golem: Jewish Magical and Mystical Traditions on the Artificial Anthropoid
8583:
8328:
7642:
7172:
6787:
6238:
6184:
6055:
5898:
5371:
5296:
Patrick Haggard (2008). "Human volition: towards a neuroscience of will".
2030:
In medicine, consciousness is examined using a set of procedures known as
1017:
13855:
13829:
13639:
13552:
13529:
13504:
13489:
13389:
13364:
13339:
13334:
12874:
12738:
12550:
12495:
12299:
12284:
12229:
11961:
11926:
11891:
11536:
11509:
11472:
10844:
10834:
10804:
10779:
10669:
10538:
10437:
10417:
10407:
10377:
9952:
9918:
9772:
Consciousness and the Brain: Deciphering How the Brain Codes Our Thoughts
9660:
9395:
8656:
Prigatano GP (2009). "Anosognosia: clinical and ethical considerations".
8277:
The Neurology of Consciousness: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropathology
7186:
7054:
4597:
4098:
3810:. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Vol. 1032. pp. 20â41.
3634:
3587:
3163:
Consciousness: from perception to reflection in the history of philosophy
2960:
2727:
2562:
2546:
2450:
2406:
2396:
2193:
in the right hemisphere of the brain, giving rise to a syndrome known as
2178:
2095:
2054:
version of the scale, for children too young to be able to use language.
1983:
1748:
1411:
1382:
1365:
1353:
1094:
1060:
854:, a "level of consciousness" terminology is used to describe a patient's
833:
722:
713:
503:
Philosophers have attempted to clarify technical distinctions by using a
299:
The origin of the modern concept of consciousness is often attributed to
150:
115:
13459:
11707:
10173:
10102:
was created from a revision of this article dated 30 July 2023
8738:
Awareness of Deficit After Brain Injury: Clinical and Theoretical Issues
8709:
Awareness of Deficit After Brain Injury: Clinical and Theoretical Issues
8005:
7810:
6656:
3491:. Vol. 2 (Reprint 1972 ed.). Macmillan, Inc. pp. 191â195.
1406:, that is, the ability to distinguish oneself from others. In the 1970s
1286:' identified the nature of consciousness as a matter for investigation;
236:
wrote in 1613 of "being so conscious unto myself of my great weakness".
13692:
13614:
13514:
13434:
13404:
13359:
12998:
12962:
12894:
12723:
12641:
12560:
12520:
12510:
12505:
12429:
12369:
12339:
12309:
12264:
12239:
12144:
12021:
11986:
11546:
11236:
11037:
11002:
10829:
10710:
10690:
10397:
10322:
9702:
9487:
9470:
7023:
6482:
6176:
5994:
5950:
5650:
5057:
5040:
3021:
2616:
2541:
2467:
2427:
2352:
2003:
1968:
1953:
1881:
1842:
1804:
1492:
1427:
1175:
1124:
983:
929:
829:
798:
786:
782:
774:
766:
751:
730:
623:. But everyone knows what the terms mean in a rough way; When I say
596:
386:
382:
374:
300:
288:
135:
127:
91:
42:
11743:
9185:
The Turing Test : Verbal Behavior as the Hallmark of Intelligence
5706:
2668: â Small bilateral neuronal structure in the brain of vertebrates
1369:
activity and behavior. In several paradigms, such as the technique of
330:
is defined roughly like English "consciousness" in the 1753 volume of
13764:
13697:
13661:
13324:
13289:
13237:
12922:
12743:
12713:
12555:
12530:
12525:
12439:
12434:
12384:
12359:
12354:
12249:
12209:
12204:
12154:
12149:
12026:
11911:
11851:
11846:
11811:
11692:
11677:
11514:
11457:
11444:
11251:
11186:
11047:
10987:
10975:
10864:
10579:
10513:
10452:
9974:
9511:
7083:
7058:
6819:
Carhart-Harris RL (November 2018). "The entropic brain â revisited".
6047:
6026:(1995). "Are we aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex?".
4624:
4009:
3803:
3708:
The Pragmatic Turn: Toward Action-Oriented Views in Cognitive Science
3703:
3644:
The Pragmatic Turn: Toward Action-Oriented Views in Cognitive Science
3506:. Vol. 7 (Reprint 1972 ed.). Macmillan, Inc. pp. 1â27.
2659:
2042:
2015:
1999:
1961:
1949:
1925:
1711:
1671:
1651:
1647:
1593:
1435:
1415:
1223:
1151:
have pursued the goal of creating digital computer programs that can
913:
806:
802:
794:
778:
658:
564:
developed the idea of "mental chemistry" and "mental compounds", and
370:
215:
123:
95:
87:
80:
70:
8565:"Willful modulation of brain activity in disorders of consciousness"
7446:"The function of phenomenal states: Supramodular Interaction Theory"
7102:
5309:
1268:, including the fact that they can tell us about their experiences.
209:
12967:
12942:
12788:
12763:
12565:
12545:
12485:
12444:
12304:
12289:
12214:
12179:
12174:
12134:
12061:
12051:
12001:
11901:
11702:
11611:
11407:
11122:
11077:
10794:
8760:
8300:
Kinney HC, Korein J, Panigrahy A, Dikkes P, Goode R (26 May 1994).
8215:
7702:, T.W. Polger (1995). "Zombies and the function of consciousness".
7558:
7222:
Peter Ă
rhem, B.I.B. Lindahl, Paul R. Manger, Ann B. Butler (2008).
6275:"A human brain network derived from coma-causing brainstem lesions"
6081:
5253:
Christof Koch (October 2017). "How to Make a Consciousness Meter".
5082:
3779:
Gods, Voices, and the Bicameral Mind: The Theories of Julian Jaynes
2949:(239 pgs. paper covered ed.). London: Faber and Faber Limited.
2665:
2459:
2103:
2099:
1998:
Consciousness is of concern to patients and physicians, especially
1921:
1727:
1606:
and theory of consciousness proposed by the cognitive psychologist
1226:
is the philosophical and scientific examination of this conundrum.
1098:
863:
851:
810:
687:
541:
467:
250:
99:
12809:
12778:
9285:
8880:
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
8849:
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
8783:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 13.
8766:
The Five to Seven Year Shift: The Age of Reason and Responsibility
8698:
6861:
4550:
4211:
3422:
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
2796:
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
2521:
Within each personal consciousness thought is sensibly continuous.
2445:
In a lively exchange over what has come to be referred to as "the
1566:
and vegetative states. A small region of the rostral dorsolateral
932:, information about what we perceive is access conscious; when we
13707:
12977:
12917:
12748:
12728:
12705:
12658:
12595:
12535:
12449:
12409:
12319:
12279:
12224:
12036:
12031:
12011:
11981:
11722:
11173:
10955:
10161:
9608:
Losing the Clouds, Gaining the Sky: Buddhism and the Natural Mind
7143:
B.I.B. Lindahl (1997). "Consciousness and biological evolution".
5041:"Criteria for unconscious cognition: Three types of dissociation"
1924:, to increases in the intensity of sensory qualities produced by
1917:
1678:
functions such as internal self-administered reality testing and
1316:, along with regular conferences organized by groups such as the
1244:
is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following
1179:
978:
855:
537:
378:
331:
214:"to know") which meant "knowing with" or "having joint or common
131:
111:
84:
10220:
9684:
Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind
9207:
7382:
Seth A, Eugene Izhikevich, George Reeke, Gerald Edelman (2006).
6520:
The Boundaries of Consciousness: Neurobiology and Neuropathology
5085:
The Boundaries of Consciousness: Neurobiology and Neuropathology
4911:
2609:
Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind
13824:
12947:
12798:
12585:
12580:
12575:
12394:
12349:
12324:
12314:
12269:
12259:
12169:
12164:
12129:
12124:
12096:
12041:
11976:
11971:
11866:
11836:
11638:
11152:
10814:
10127:
7932:"Subconscious Stimulus Recognition and Processing During Sleep"
7384:"Theories and measures of consciousness: An extended framework"
6018:
4804:
Alec Hyslop (1995). "The analogical inference to other minds".
2437:
2287:
spelled out this point of view in an influential essay titled "
2186:
1666:. The theory suggests that the brain in primary states such as
1410:
developed an operational test for self-awareness, known as the
1090:
1077:
937:
925:
504:
246:
8562:
8436:
Bernat JL (8 Apr 2006). "Chronic disorders of consciousness".
8048:
7185:
7059:"On the hypothesis that animals are automata, and its history"
3161:
Sara HeinÀmaa, Vili LÀhteenmÀki, Pauliina Remes, eds. (2007).
2569:, although it has also been used by many other noted writers.
2516:
Within each personal consciousness thought is always changing.
1451:
Schema of the neural processes underlying consciousness, from
1348:
936:, information about our thoughts is access conscious; when we
625:
every 'state' or 'thought' is part of a personal consciousness
560:
described ideas as being attracted and repulsed like magnets;
13469:
12773:
12733:
12681:
12664:
12623:
12490:
12459:
12419:
12374:
12199:
12189:
12046:
11941:
11936:
11861:
11831:
11585:
11007:
9447:. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2011 Edition).
8962:. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition).
8369:
8097:
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV
6522:. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 150. pp. 45â53.
6163:(1982). "Animal consciousness and human self-consciousness".
4741:. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2009 Edition).
4295:. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition).
3851:
GĂŒzeldere G (1997). Block N, Flanagan O, GĂŒzeldere G (eds.).
3502:
Peters RS, Mace CA (1967). "Psychology". In Edwards P (ed.).
2526:
It always appears to deal with objects independent of itself.
2348:
2066:
Medical conditions that inhibit consciousness are considered
1902:
1898:
1207:
in 2022 suggests that quantum consciousness, as suggested by
745:
to its associated information processing" in the brain. This
198:
9813:
The Science of Consciousness: Waking, Sleeping, and Dreaming
8149:
7976:
Sleep and Dreaming: Scientific Advances and Reconsiderations
7768:
5112:
4188:
Harris, S. (12 October 2011). The mystery of consciousness.
3929:
3487:
Landesman C Jr (1967). "Consciousness". In Edwards P (ed.).
3075:
G. Molenaar (1969). "Seneca's Use of the Term Conscientia".
2821:"Five levels of self-awareness as they unfold early in life"
2114:) of consciousness, they are not included in this category.
1940:("Ecstasy"), or most notably by the class of drugs known as
284:
13799:
13727:
12768:
12753:
12454:
12254:
12244:
12234:
12106:
12056:
11921:
11871:
11201:
11097:
9739:
Consciousness: Integrating Eastern and Western Perspectives
8299:
8209:
Studerus E, Gamma A, Vollenweider FX (2010). Bell V (ed.).
7974:. In Pace-Schott EF, Solms M, Blagrove M, Harnad S (eds.).
6766:
6091:
A Universe of Consciousness: How Matter Becomes Imagination
4761:
4759:
4341:
4193:
https://www.samharris.org/blog/the-mystery-of-consciousness
2511:
Every thought tends to be part of a personal consciousness.
2083:
1937:
1563:
1469:
1423:
1034:
158:
154:
103:
7962:
6717:
5622:
5038:
2466:
the robot's words in the robot's sensorimotor capacity to
12091:
11916:
10870:
Type physicalism (reductive materialism, identity theory)
8208:
6711:
6272:
5154:(2003). "Who's on first? Heterophenomenology explained".
4701:
Hyslop A (14 January 2014). Zalta EN, Nodelman U (eds.).
4498:, pp. 151â174. Cambridge University Press, New York. 2007
3188:"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Chapter XXVII)"
2268:
2264:
1685:
In 2017, work by David Rudrauf and colleagues, including
1465:
8781:
Children's Dreaming and the Development of Consciousness
7698:
5443:. Englewood, CO: Roberts & Company. pp. 16â19.
4756:
3777:
Kuijsten M (2016). "Introduction". In Kuijsten M (ed.).
1487:, for example, proposed that consciousness results from
599:". Another popular metaphor was James's doctrine of the
12006:
9923:
The Conscious Brain: How Attention Engenders Experience
9373:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2019.
7224:"On the origin of consciousnessâsome amniote scenarios"
6636:
6456:"Hard criteria for empirical theories of consciousness"
3781:. Henderson, NV: Julian Jaynes Society. pp. 1â15.
8521:
7769:"Turing indistinguishability and the Blind Watchmaker"
7721:
Rosenthal D (2008). "Consciousness and its function".
5392:
5209:
4877:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. p. 114.
4832:(1995). "The unimagined preposterousness of zombies".
4776:
4774:
3458:. Cleveland: Fine Editions Press, World Publishing Co.
3047:
Dictionary of Untranslatables. A Philosophical Lexicon
2615:
Another thorough account of the spiritual approach is
1402:
Another approach applies specifically to the study of
445:
inward awareness of an external object, state, or fact
11275:
Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness
10186:
9677:
9442:
9398:, et al. (1980). "Minds, brains, and programs".
9247:
The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory
7891:
7527:
6449:
6447:
6116:
5010:
4872:
4768:, Greg Littmann, pp. 133â144, Lexington Books (2013).
4377:
Bright Air, Brilliant Fire: On the Matter of the Mind
1751:
develops a similar evolutionary argument in the book
1390:
of consciousness when verbal behavior is absent. The
1318:
Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness
536:
During the early 19th century, the emerging field of
8406:"New tool peeks into brain to measure consciousness"
6453:
6334:
5179:"Ch. 3: Can consciousness be reductively explained?"
2655:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1705:
8619:
8408:. Associated Press through NBC News. Archived from
6637:Tononi G, Boly M, Massimini M, Koch C (July 2016).
6382:
6380:
4771:
4075:
3190:. Australia: University of Adelaide. Archived from
2882:
Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research
2869:
1284:
From Artificial Intelligence to Human Consciousness
9639:. University of California Press. pp. 23â49.
9269:
9041:
8731:
8371:
7837:"Psychobiology of altered states of consciousness"
7530:"Adaptive Complexity and Phenomenal Consciousness"
7249:
7247:
7194:
6638:
6444:
5177:
4436:
4374:
4018:The Nature of Consciousness: Philosophical Debates
4014:"On a confusion about a function of consciousness"
3853:The Nature of Consciousness: Philosophical Debates
3808:Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 2021
3419:
2812:
896:our intuitions, or because we all are illusions.
631:
404:of the physical world, or the distinction between
218:with another", especially as in sharing a secret.
9601:
8143:
7799:Journal of the American Philosophical Association
7443:
6562:
6112:
6110:
5764:
5762:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5013:Perception: Theory, Development, and Organization
4535:
4016:. In N. Block, O. Flanagan, G. Guzeldere (eds.).
3988:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 156â163.
3972:
3550:
3519:
1029:. Inputs are passed by the sensory organs to the
531:
189:The words "conscious" and "consciousness" in the
13913:
9729:
9263:
8983:
8397:
6991:"A Mathematical Model of Embodied Consciousness"
6377:
4799:
4797:
4671:
4604:. The New York Review of Books. pp. 53â88.
4319:Philosophy of Mind: A Comprehensive Introduction
4316:
3608:
2680: â Paranormal idea that plants are sentient
1897:The two most widely accepted altered states are
9634:
9568:
9468:
9017:(1991). "Ch. 12 What is it like to be a bat?".
8649:
8123:"The neurochemistry of psychedelic experiences"
7686:Phenomenal Consciousness: A Naturalistic Theory
7388:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
7313:Animal Minds: Beyond Cognition to Consciousness
7303:
7301:
7253:
7244:
6568:
6077:
6075:
6073:
5557:
5295:
4501:
4401:
4259:
3865:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3298:Caston V (2002). "Aristotle on Consciousness".
2308:reviews a substantial portion of the evidence.
1131:. Theories proposed by neuroscientists such as
138:. It may be awareness, awareness of awareness,
9564:
9562:
9560:
9558:
9509:
9307:
9241:
9182:
8274:
8270:
8268:
8266:
7439:
7437:
7307:
7142:
6818:
6704:Michael Brooks; "Interview: Cosmic thoughts",
6632:
6630:
6513:
6511:
6509:
6107:
5759:
5693:
5514:
5172:
5150:
5107:
5078:
5076:
4990:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15â18.
4828:
4431:
4395:
4369:
4081:
4051:
3633:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3271:
3237:
3105:Boris Hennig (2007). "Cartesian Conscientia".
3043:
2359:, in a set of notes written in 1842 about the
2078:, but sometimes also includes the less severe
979:Distinguishing consciousness from its contents
13253:
12825:
11759:
11423:
10236:
9543:
8703:(1991). "Introduction". In George Prigatano,
7763:
7655:
7335:
6340:
6014:
6012:
5560:"Neural Mechanisms of Object-Based Attention"
5435:
5338:
5252:
4982:
4850:
4794:
4466:
4290:
4111:
3546:
3544:
3515:
3513:
3107:British Journal for the History of Philosophy
2987:
2692: â Philosophical argument by Benj Hellie
2572:Here, for example, is a passage from Joyce's
2328:
1495:band frequency via synchronous oscillations.
741:who seek "to analyze the precise relation of
603:, with continuity, fringes, and transitions.
507:of their own. The corresponding entry in the
9013:
8905:
8797:
7500:
7298:
6211:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B
6070:
4618:
4462:
4460:
3978:
3770:
3732:
3675:
3629:
3627:
3377:
3104:
2875:
2752:
430:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
352:About forty meanings attributed to the term
9659:
9637:Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel
9555:
9394:
9388:
9301:
8740:. Oxford University Press. pp. 53â62.
8431:
8429:
8427:
8263:
7593:
7434:
7226:. In Hans Liljenström, Peter Ă
rhem (eds.).
7179:
7053:
6627:
6506:
6205:
6159:
5974:
5463:
5073:
4972:https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20344.72969
4803:
4596:
4087:"Facing up to the problem of consciousness"
3586:
3567:
3480:
3467:
3465:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3074:
2963:(1990). "Ch. 8: Conscience and conscious".
2959:
2559:stream of consciousness as a narrative mode
890:
356:can be identified and categorized based on
273:, Amsterdam 1701) he wrote the word with a
267:
249:. It means a kind of shared knowledge with
13260:
13246:
12832:
12818:
11766:
11752:
11430:
11416:
10243:
10229:
9701:
9361:
9127:
8711:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3â16.
7683:
6009:
5205:
5203:
5034:
5032:
4854:(1995). "Why and how we are not zombies".
4766:The Culture and Philosophy of Ridley Scott
4513:. Stanford University. December 25, 2011.
4291:Gert-Jan Lokhorst. Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
3932:"Two conceptions of subjective experience"
3855:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp. 1â67.
3541:
3510:
3501:
3495:
2686: â Pure awareness in Hindu philosophy
2485:
1438:have all been observed to pass this test.
1395:lack of awareness. Studies related to the
737:" of any kind underlies the work of those
686:âThe having of perceptions, thoughts, and
392:Modern dictionary definitions of the word
10901:Electromagnetic theories of consciousness
9979:Being You: A New Science of Consciousness
9931:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314595.001.0001
9901:Beyond Neural Correlates of Consciousness
9586:
9486:
9411:
9284:
9235:
9159:"Sketch of The Analytical Engine, Note G"
9007:
8953:
8951:
8923:
8815:
8655:
8539:
8478:
8435:
8403:
8246:
8236:
8150:M. Murphy, S. Donovan, E. Taylor (1997).
8090:
8088:
7830:
7828:
7720:
7632:
7622:
7548:
7417:
7407:
7281:
7271:
7082:
7022:
6965:
6955:
6889:
6879:
6795:
6743:
6527:
6481:
6471:
6386:
6306:
5949:
5888:
5843:
5802:
5583:
5491:
5342:(1970). "Chimpanzees: Self recognition".
5056:
4549:
4457:
4335:
4269:. Stanford University. November 5, 2008.
4008:
3850:
3624:
3602:
3486:
3363:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
3214:"Science & Technology: consciousness"
3100:
3098:
2935:
2903:
2037:The more complex procedure is known as a
1229:
58:Representation of consciousness from the
10110:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
10093:
9957:The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness
9313:"Is the brain's mind a computer program"
9153:
9105:"Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness"
8424:
8370:V. Mark Durand, David H. Barlow (2009).
8170:"Ch. 2: The components of consciousness"
7892:Schacter D, Gilbert D, Wegner D (2011).
7688:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7097:
6770:, Friston KJ, Barker EL (20 June 2019).
6698:
6454:Doerig A, Schurger A, Herzog MH (2021).
5768:
5704:
4674:"§4.4 The hard problem of consciousness"
4474:. Englewood, CO: Roberts & Company.
3776:
3749:
3696:
3462:
3440:
3307:. Oxford University Press. p. 751.
3291:
3274:"On the Quest of Defining Consciousness"
2941:
2674: â Aspect of consciousness research
2436:
2255:
2090:of these disorders is an active area of
1875:
1596:and Tim Bayne list 22 notable theories.
1445:
1347:
1016:
707:
345:
283:
53:
11773:
10031:The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness
9201:
8957:
8778:
8768:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7494:
7254:Feinberg TE, Mallatt J (October 2013).
5924:, Marcello Massimini (14 August 2013).
5200:
5029:
4736:
4529:
4496:The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness
4139:
3930:Justin Sytsma, Edouard Machery (2010).
3716:10.7551/mitpress/9780262034326.003.0012
3653:10.7551/mitpress/9780262034326.003.0012
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
2587:
2204:
1218:Apart from the general question of the
769:". In 1976 he insisted that if not for
122:. Today, it often includes any kind of
14:
13914:
13267:
10911:Higher-order theories of consciousness
9709:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 3â16.
9571:"The Five-Aggregate Model of the Mind"
9549:The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1
8948:
8877:
8846:
8120:
8085:
7929:
7898:. New York: Worth Publishers. p.
7825:
7735:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.11.012
7649:
6343:Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
4700:
4321:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 5â11.
3801:
3471:
3414:
3297:
3095:
3050:. Princeton University Press. p.
2909:
2818:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
1864:
1833:being performed by conscious organism
1782:
1767:a gradual evolution of consciousness.
1710:The emergence of consciousness during
1640:"attention schema" theory of awareness
13942:Concepts in the philosophy of science
13861:Philosophy of artificial intelligence
13241:
12813:
11747:
11411:
10926:Lamme's recurrent feedback hypothesis
10224:
8987:(1999). "Sympathy and subjectivity".
7834:
6718:Graziano, M.S.A., Kastner, S (2011).
6517:
5521:I of the vortex: from neurons to self
5039:Thomas Schmidt, Dirk Vorberg (2006).
4142:"How many concepts of consciousness?"
3453:
3371:
2599:fundamental than the physical world.
1072:divided broadly into two categories:
1048:, and the answer he gave is known as
877:
313:, and Locke's definition appeared in
13187:
11437:
11392:
9850:. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
8958:Colin Allen. Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
8190:from the original on 6 November 2011
8164:
6937:
5558:Baldauf D, Desimone R (2014-04-25).
5015:. Psychology Press. pp. 25â26.
4899:Information processing and cognition
4737:Robert Kirk. Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
4243:Philosophy of Man: selected readings
4045:
3702:
3611:"The False Problem of Consciousness"
3399:
3383:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3244:A Dictionary of the English Language
2724:Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2492:Stream of consciousness (psychology)
2402:Computing Machinery and Intelligence
2391:what we are already acquainted with.
1489:recurrent thalamo-cortical resonance
1441:
1006:
510:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
454:often used with an attributive noun
369:Scholars are divided as to whether
306:Essay Concerning Human Understanding
12839:
9176:
7661:A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness
5115:. In A. Marcel, E. Bisiach (eds.).
4988:A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness
4708:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4517:from the original on August 8, 2021
4510:Quantum Approaches to Consciousness
4245:. Goodwill Trading Co. p. 97.
3472:Thomas GJ (1967). "Consciousness".
2777:
2653: â Hindu philosophical concept
2578:about the thoughts of Molly Bloom:
2106:) or transient interruption (e.g.,
2070:. This category generally includes
1986:; and changed meaning of percepts.
1302:Frontiers in Consciousness Research
1271:
1033:, and from there to the immaterial
279:conscientiĂą, vel interno testimonio
24:
13937:Concepts in the philosophy of mind
12501:Eutheism, dystheism, and maltheism
11217:Subjective character of experience
11113:Neural correlates of consciousness
10080:
9759:
9093:on 2021-10-28 – via YouTube.
9089:. 3 September 2012. Archived from
8989:Australasian Journal of Philosophy
8864:Consciousness is based on language
8764:, Marshall M. Haith, eds. (1996).
4240:
3880:10.1212/01.wnl.0000252376.43779.96
3832:from the original on 7 August 2022
3525:Macmillan Dictionary of Psychology
2177:Medical experts increasingly view
2041:, and is usually carried out by a
1989:
1462:neural correlates of consciousness
959:, for example, argued in his book
673:Macmillan Dictionary of Psychology
25:
13998:
13157:Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
11247:Von NeumannâWigner interpretation
10896:Damasio's theory of consciousness
10250:
10057:
9959:(2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
9899:, Kirkeby-Hinrup A, eds. (2021).
9475:Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
9471:"Six views of embodied cognition"
9340:10.1038/scientificamerican0190-26
8882:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 450.
8851:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 447.
8374:Essentials of Abnormal Psychology
6615:from the original on 13 July 2019
5275:10.1038/scientificamerican1117-28
3185:
2552:
2540:, which is usually translated as
2383:analysis; but it has no power of
1871:
1706:Biological function and evolution
1696:the hard problem of consciousness
1529:transcranial magnetic stimulation
1322:Society for Consciousness Studies
483:compare PRECONSCIOUS, UNCONSCIOUS
13219:
13205:
13198:
13186:
13175:
13174:
11391:
11382:
11381:
11309:Journal of Consciousness Studies
11197:Sociology of human consciousness
11033:Dual consciousness (split-brain)
10936:Orchestrated objective reduction
10208:
10196:
10172:
10160:
10149:
10126:
10092:
9723:
9695:
9671:
9653:
9628:
9610:. Wisdom Publications. pp.
9595:
9537:
9503:
9462:
9443:Graham Oppy, David Dowe (2011).
9436:
9357:from the original on 2022-10-09.
9147:
9121:
9117:from the original on 2022-10-09.
9097:
9077:
9035:
8977:
8899:
8871:
8840:
8791:
8772:
8754:
8725:
8692:
8613:
8556:
8515:
8472:
8363:
8350:
8293:
8202:
8158:
8114:
8042:
7999:
7995:from the original on 2021-08-10.
7956:
7952:from the original on 2017-06-11.
7923:
7885:
7790:
7757:
7714:
7704:Journal of Consciousness Studies
7692:
7677:
7587:
7528:S. Nichols, T. Grantham (2000).
7521:
7375:
7329:
7215:
7136:
7091:
7047:
6982:
6931:
6906:
6855:
6833:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.010
6812:
6760:
6266:
6253:
6199:
6153:
5913:
5868:
5819:
5680:
5156:Journal of Consciousness Studies
5011:Paul Rooks, Jane Wilson (2000).
4918:from the original on 2016-11-03.
4856:Journal of Consciousness Studies
4834:Journal of Consciousness Studies
4443:. Boston: Little & Company.
4293:"Descartes and the pineal gland"
4267:"Descartes and the Pineal Gland"
4091:Journal of Consciousness Studies
3968:from the original on 2022-10-09.
3618:Behavior of Organisms Laboratory
3592:Journal of Consciousness Studies
3557:Journal of Consciousness Studies
3314:from the original on 2022-10-09.
3033:. Hodges and Smith. p. 417.
2931:from the original on 2022-10-09.
2865:from the original on 2022-10-09.
2647: â Hypothesis in psychology
2375:anything. It can do whatever we
2181:as a disorder of consciousness.
1629:Orchestrated objective reduction
1313:Journal of Consciousness Studies
1153:simulate or embody consciousness
996:This bird's name is Of a Flock (
522:Philosophers have used the term
423:The common-usage definitions of
11315:Online Consciousness Conference
11302:How the Self Controls Its Brain
9526:from the original on 2016-10-20
9451:from the original on 2013-12-02
9377:from the original on 2012-01-12
9165:from the original on 2010-09-13
8966:from the original on 2019-07-31
8404:Neergaard L (August 14, 2013).
8154:. Institute of Noetic Sciences.
8132:from the original on 2012-04-20
7779:from the original on 2011-10-28
7315:. University of Chicago Press.
7125:from the original on 2019-12-24
6944:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
6920:from the original on 2019-07-05
6868:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
6687:from the original on 2023-05-04
6433:from the original on 2023-01-21
6355:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.019
6323:from the original on 2022-05-20
5711:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
5632:"A framework for consciousness"
5616:
5551:
5538:
5508:
5457:
5429:
5386:
5332:
5289:
5246:
5166:
5144:
5133:from the original on 2011-10-28
5117:Consciousness in Modern Science
5101:
5004:
4976:
4963:
4931:
4922:
4904:
4891:
4866:
4844:
4822:
4745:from the original on 2013-12-02
4730:
4694:
4665:
4590:
4488:
4425:
4363:
4310:
4299:from the original on 2013-12-02
4284:
4273:from the original on 2019-12-16
4234:
4204:
4182:
4133:
4105:
4034:from the original on 2011-11-03
4020:. MIT Press. pp. 375â415.
4002:
3923:
3902:
3859:
3844:
3795:
3669:
3609:Gomez-Marin A, Arnau J (2019).
3346:
3335:from the original on 2021-03-07
3318:
3272:Vimal RL, Sansthana DA (2010).
3265:
3251:
3231:
3206:
3179:
3154:
3133:
3068:
3037:
2892:from the original on 2021-12-15
2733:
2716:
2703:
1220:"hard problem" of consciousness
667:being aware or being conscious.
662:, as in the following example:
632:From introspection to awareness
472:compare STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS
10961:Altered state of consciousness
10033:. Cambridge University Press.
9815:. Cambridge University Press.
9667:. BompaCrazy.com. p. 620.
9021:. Cambridge University Press.
7978:. Cambridge University Press.
7663:. Cambridge University Press.
7145:Journal of Theoretical Biology
6995:Journal of Theoretical Biology
6569:Dehaene S, Naccache L (2001).
5930:Science Translational Medicine
5713:. Computational Neuroscience.
4949:. MIT Press. pp. xixâxx.
4873:Horst Hendriks-Jansen (1996).
4349:. Cambridge University Press.
4347:Machine man and other writings
3551:Michael V. Antony (2001). "Is
3504:The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3489:The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3331:. Cambridge University Press.
3165:. Springer. pp. 205â206.
3015:
2981:
2967:. Cambridge University Press.
2953:
2662: â Structure in the brain
2209:
1889:Altered state of consciousness
1477:oscillations in brain activity
1343:
532:Traditional metaphors for mind
32:Consciousness (disambiguation)
13:
1:
13972:Neuropsychological assessment
13718:Hard problem of consciousness
13147:Miniâmental state examination
11063:Hard problem of consciousness
10921:Integrated information theory
10177:The dictionary definition of
10003:. Columbia University Press.
9707:The Spectrum of Consciousness
9687:. Innes & Sons. pp.
9400:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
8450:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68508-5
8378:. Cengage Learning. pp.
7353:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01819-2
6590:10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00123-2
6538:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50004-9
6473:10.1080/17588928.2020.1772214
6131:10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00058-7
4149:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
2922:Royal Institute of Philosophy
2840:10.1016/s1053-8100(03)00081-3
2745:
2621:The Spectrum of Consciousness
2241:
2032:neuropsychological assessment
2025:
1623:Integrated information theory
950:hard problem of consciousness
652:than a sensibly given fact...
197:, 1643). It derived from the
13112:Benton Visual Retention Test
11592:Perception as interpretation
11361:What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
11348:The Science of Consciousness
11222:Subjectivity and objectivity
9569:Karunamuni N.D. (May 2015).
9516:Journal of Mind and Behavior
9047:What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
8670:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328332a1e7
8658:Current Opinion in Neurology
8493:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e8e960
8238:10.1371/journal.pone.0012412
7599:"Evolution of consciousness"
7465:10.1037/0033-295X.112.4.1000
7341:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
6736:10.1080/17588928.2011.565121
6291:10.1212/WNL.0000000000003404
5942:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294
5845:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.11.012
5224:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f189ef
5212:Current Opinion in Neurology
5087:. Elsevier. pp. 69â80.
5045:Perception and Psychophysics
4912:"Science and Religion Forum"
4808:. Springer. pp. 41â70.
4602:The Mystery of Consciousness
4411:. New York: Harcourt Press.
4117:Consciousness and Experience
3676:Cohen AP, Rapport N (1995).
3328:Cambridge English Dictionary
2997:. University Press. p.
2441:John Searle in December 2005
2289:What Is it Like to Be a Bat?
2061:
961:Consciousness and Experience
490:Cambridge English Dictionary
303:who defined the word in his
184:
7:
13122:Continuous Performance Task
11354:Understanding Consciousness
11281:Consciousness and Cognition
11269:A Universe of Consciousness
9925:. Oxford University Press.
9249:. Oxford University Press.
8906:Nelson K, Fivush R (2020).
8798:Nelson K, Fivush R (2020).
8358:The Quest for Consciousness
8321:10.1056/NEJM199405263302101
8063:10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.04.014
8020:10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.10.002
6645:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
6396:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
6389:"Theories of consciousness"
5688:The Quest for Consciousness
5546:The Quest for Consciousness
5441:The Quest for Consciousness
5364:10.1126/science.167.3914.86
5298:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
5186:. Oxford University Press.
5119:. Oxford University Press.
4651:10.1016/j.plrev.2022.05.004
4472:The Quest for Consciousness
4345:(1996). Ann Thomson (ed.).
4343:Julien Offray de La Mettrie
4119:. MIT Press. pp. 1â4.
3816:10.1007/978-3-030-96993-6_3
3476:. Vol. 6. p. 366.
2924:. supplementary volume 70.
2828:Consciousness and Cognition
2637:
2152:Persistent vegetative state
2076:persistent vegetative state
1846:Several scholars including
1837:and non-conscious organism
1297:Consciousness and Cognition
1111:Julien Offray de La Mettrie
10:
14003:
11328:The Astonishing Hypothesis
11023:Disorders of consciousness
9602:Dzogchen Rinpoche (2007).
9049:". In Douglas Hofstadter,
8635:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.07.218
7856:10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.98
7603:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
7444:Ezequiel Morsella (2005).
7201:. Springer International.
7015:10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.05.032
6408:10.1038/s41583-022-00587-4
5877:Journal of Neurophysiology
5723:10.1016/j.conb.2019.06.001
5407:10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.008
4568:10.1103/PhysRevE.82.021921
3679:Questions of Consciousness
2606:, author of the 1901 book
2602:The Canadian psychiatrist
2591:
2489:
2332:
2329:In artificial intelligence
2245:
2213:
2068:disorders of consciousness
1886:
1585:
1501:primary visual cortex (V1)
1233:
1010:
862:, through disorientation,
169:" of contents, or being a
40:
36:Conscious (disambiguation)
29:
13881:
13848:
13675:
13545:
13440:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
13430:David Lewis (philosopher)
13275:
13170:
13132:Hayling and Brixton tests
13097:
12986:
12908:
12847:
12704:
12604:
12468:
12115:
11804:
11781:
11670:
11637:
11545:
11443:
11377:
11260:
11108:Minimally conscious state
11018:Consciousness after death
10948:
10878:
10750:
10743:
10678:
10572:
10506:
10265:
10258:
9856:10.1007/978-94-007-5173-6
9794:Consciousness: The Basics
9606:. In Doris Wolter (ed.).
9422:10.1017/S0140525X00005756
9370:The Chinese Room Argument
9001:10.1080/00048409912349231
6938:Papo D (30 August 2016).
6708:, November 2022. pp.46-9.
6387:Seth AK, Bayne T (2022).
5769:Zhaoping L (2020-07-30).
5705:Zhaoping L (2019-10-01).
5493:10.4249/scholarpedia.1657
4680:. MIT Press. p. 75.
4672:Rocco J. Gennaro (2011).
4317:William Jaworski (2011).
4161:10.1017/s0140525x00038486
4097:: 200â219. Archived from
3951:10.1007/s11098-009-9439-x
3523:(1989). "Consciousness".
3381:(1998). "Consciousness".
3119:10.1080/09608780701444915
3031:The whole works, Volume 2
3027:Charles Richard Elrington
2709:From the introduction by
2144:Minimally conscious state
2072:minimally conscious state
1638:and Kastner proposed the
1581:
1576:anterior cingulate cortex
1397:neuroscience of free will
1215:, is highly implausible.
809:, and automatic forms of
291:, a 17th-century British
165:"; being a metaphorical "
13932:Concepts in epistemology
13117:Clinical Dementia Rating
12865:Clinical neuropsychology
12855:Brainâcomputer interface
10971:Artificial consciousness
10488:William Kingdon Clifford
10039:10.1017/CBO9780511816789
9981:. Penguin Random House.
9635:Robert Humphrey (1954).
9588:10.1177/2158244015583860
9469:Margaret Wilson (2002).
9059:. Basic Books. pp.
9045:(1981). "Reflections on
8925:10.1177/0033294119852574
8817:10.1177/0033294119852574
7771:. In J.H. Fetzer (ed.).
7273:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00667
6957:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00423
6881:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00020
6119:Progress in Neurobiology
5787:10.1177/2041669520938408
4061:. Penguin. p. 375.
3910:"PhilPapers Survey 2020"
3361:Oxford Living Dictionary
2947:History in English Words
2697:
2501:Principles of Psychology
2462:version, which requires
2335:Artificial consciousness
2274:Townsend's big-eared bat
2039:neurological examination
1964:play an essential role.
1698:or completely close the
1147:working in the field of
908:
891:Coherence of the concept
572:mirrored the concept of
558:Johann Friedrich Herbart
496:Oxford Living Dictionary
433:(1966) are as follows:
41:Not to be confused with
13962:Metaphysical properties
13568:Eliminative materialism
11791:Outline of spirituality
11713:Relational frame theory
11688:Higher nervous activity
11288:Consciousness Explained
11207:Stream of consciousness
11182:Secondary consciousness
10906:Global workspace theory
10891:Dynamic core hypothesis
10886:Attention schema theory
10860:Revisionary materialism
10775:Eliminative materialism
10298:Charles Augustus Strong
9604:"Taming the mindstream"
9551:. H. Holt. p. 225.
9510:Victor Argonov (2014).
9183:Stuart Shieber (2004).
8174:States of Consciousness
8051:Epilepsy & Behavior
8008:Epilepsy & Behavior
7624:10.1073/pnas.89.16.7320
7409:10.1073/pnas.0604347103
7260:Frontiers in Psychology
6776:Pharmacological Reviews
5781:(4): 2041669520938408.
5585:10.1126/science.1247003
5395:Trends in Neurosciences
4631:Physics of Life Reviews
4439:Consciousness Explained
4058:Consciousness Explained
3753:Thinking, Fast and Slow
3474:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3218:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3089:10.1163/156852569x00670
3044:Barbara Cassin (2014).
2672:Models of consciousness
2486:Stream of consciousness
2411:artificial intelligence
2351:, a magically animated
2313:University of Cambridge
2199:AntonâBabinski syndrome
1934:empathogensâentactogens
1720:by-product of evolution
1600:Global workspace theory
1588:Models of consciousness
1572:anterior insular cortex
1254:artificial intelligence
1149:artificial intelligence
920:(P-consciousness) from
743:conscious phenomenology
601:stream of consciousness
570:states of consciousness
13922:Cognitive neuroscience
13820:Propositional attitude
13815:Problem of other minds
13723:Hypostatic abstraction
13162:Wisconsin card sorting
12900:Traumatic brain injury
12870:Cognitive neuroscience
12635:The Cloud of Unknowing
11683:Experiential avoidance
11342:The Emperor's New Mind
11148:Problem of other minds
11083:Introspection illusion
10916:Holonomic brain theory
10273:Alfred North Whitehead
10165:Quotations related to
10088:
10064:Listen to this article
9581:(2): 215824401558386.
8960:"Animal consciousness"
8128:. ePublications@bond.
7844:Psychological Bulletin
7773:Consciousness Evolving
7197:The Self and Its Brain
7165:10.1006/jtbi.1996.0394
7119:10.1093/mind/os-4.13.1
7063:The Fortnightly Review
6460:Cognitive Neuroscience
6231:10.1098/rspb.1990.0047
5466:"Binding by synchrony"
3367:on September 25, 2016.
3262:, 3:902 (Paris, 1753).
2585:
2442:
2393:
2279:
2088:Differential diagnosis
2020:Karen Ann Quinlan case
1884:
1753:The Self and Its Brain
1730:, and its History" an
1656:information processing
1604:cognitive architecture
1456:
1362:operational definition
1357:
1262:principle of parsimony
1242:problem of other minds
1236:Problem of other minds
1230:Problem of other minds
1201:wave function collapse
1168:holonomic brain theory
1038:
705:
696:
669:
654:
629:
613:personal consciousness
420:that is not physical.
366:
296:
268:
195:"the conscious Groves"
79:, at its simplest, is
73:
27:Awareness of existence
13891:Philosophers category
13795:Mental representation
13558:Biological naturalism
13445:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
13420:Frank Cameron Jackson
13226:Psychology portal
13212:Philosophy portal
13142:Lexical decision task
12619:Akilattirattu Ammanai
11796:Category:Spirituality
11698:Ironic process theory
11463:Cognitive flexibility
11143:Primary consciousness
11028:Divided consciousness
10931:Multiple drafts model
10433:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
10155:Consciousness Studies
10087:
9821:10.1017/9781316408889
9679:Richard Maurice Bucke
8912:Psychological Reports
8804:Psychological Reports
8699:George P. Prigatano,
8623:Arch Phys Med Rehabil
8584:10.1056/NEJMoa0905370
7684:Carruthers P (2004).
7537:Philosophy of Science
7501:S. Budiansky (1998).
6788:10.1124/pr.118.017160
6261:The Prefrontal Cortex
5899:10.1152/jn.00048.2002
3939:Philosophical Studies
3682:. London: Routledge.
2876:P.A. Guertin (2019).
2604:Richard Maurice Bucke
2592:Further information:
2580:
2440:
2369:
2259:
1879:
1773:integration consensus
1763:suggests in his book
1739:objects in his essay
1715:a subject of debate.
1586:Further information:
1449:
1392:scientific literature
1351:
1292:Consciousness Studies
1250:philosophical zombies
1020:
775:denotative definition
759:history of psychology
735:experienced phenomena
708:Influence on research
700:
681:
664:
646:
617:
412:, or the notion of a
350:
346:Problem of definition
287:
57:
18:Consciousness studies
13927:Cognitive psychology
13573:Emergent materialism
13079:Roger Wolcott Sperry
12994:Arthur Lester Benton
12613:A Course in Miracles
12077:Spiritual possession
11907:Ethic of reciprocity
11295:Cosmic Consciousness
11133:Philosophical zombie
11073:Higher consciousness
10966:Animal consciousness
10770:Double-aspect theory
10303:Christopher Peacocke
10135:at Wikimedia Commons
10119:More spoken articles
8609:on 24 February 2019.
8541:10.1093/brain/awp183
8346:on 18 November 2020.
7453:Psychological Review
5464:Wolf Singer (2007).
4210:Tricker, C. (2022).
3710:. pp. 261â282.
3647:. pp. 193â214.
3426:. Houghton Mifflin.
3145:Oeuvres de Descartes
2798:. Houghton Mifflin.
2690:Vertiginous question
2594:Higher consciousness
2588:Spiritual approaches
2423:philosophical zombie
2377:know how to order it
2248:Animal consciousness
2205:Outside human adults
1801:evolutionary biology
1789:ventriloquism effect
1712:biological evolution
1574:, and the pregenual
1356:, an ambiguous image
1196:quantum entanglement
1192:access consciousness
450:concerned awareness;
293:Age of Enlightenment
30:For other uses, see
13967:Metaphysics of mind
13770:Language of thought
13520:Ludwig Wittgenstein
13350:Patricia Churchland
13107:Bender-Gestalt Test
12938:Executive functions
12067:Spiritual evolution
11997:Planes of existence
11775:Modern spirituality
11728:Thought suppression
11068:Heterophenomenology
10981:Attentional control
10630:Lawrence Weiskrantz
10458:Patricia Churchland
10293:Brian O'Shaughnessy
10278:Arthur Schopenhauer
10146:about Consciousness
9332:1990SciAm.262a..26S
9320:Scientific American
9295:2008arXiv0812.4360S
9128:Moshe Idel (1990).
8444:(9517): 1181â1192.
8229:2010PLoSO...512412S
7811:10.1017/apa.2014.10
7615:1992PNAS...89.7320E
7400:2006PNAS..10310799S
7394:(28): 10799â10804.
7157:1997JThBi.187..613L
7075:1874Natur..10..362.
7007:2017JThBi.428..106R
6657:10.1038/nrn.2016.44
6223:1990RSPSB.240..433E
6040:1995Natur.375..121C
5639:Nature Neuroscience
5576:2014Sci...344..424B
5484:2007SchpJ...2.1657S
5356:1970Sci...167...86G
5267:2017SciAm.317e..28K
5255:Scientific American
4945:(1999). "Preface".
4941:, Alfred Kaszniak,
4643:2022PhLRv..42....8D
4560:2010PhRvE..82b1921C
3985:The Concept of Mind
3750:Kahneman D (2011).
2645:Bicameral mentality
2628:Prem Saran Satsangi
2379:to perform. It can
2195:hemispatial neglect
2092:biomedical research
1724:Thomas Henry Huxley
1670:(REM) sleep, early
1644:hemispatial neglect
1509:executive functions
1420:bottlenose dolphins
1379:heterophenomenology
1145:computer scientists
752:external perception
566:Edward B. Titchener
540:inspired a popular
13598:Neurophenomenology
13269:Philosophy of mind
13127:Glasgow Coma Scale
12953:Motor coordination
11368:Wider than the Sky
11335:The Conscious Mind
11138:Philosophy of mind
11118:Neurophenomenology
11093:Locked-in syndrome
11088:Knowledge argument
10752:Philosophy of mind
10373:George Henry Lewes
10343:Douglas Hofstadter
10144:in other libraries
10138:Library resources
10089:
9488:10.3758/BF03196322
9271:JĂŒrgen Schmidhuber
9213:Douglas Hofstadter
9043:Douglas Hofstadter
8878:Jaynes J (2000) .
8847:Jaynes J (2000) .
8779:Foulkes D (1999).
8762:Arnold J. Sameroff
8412:on August 16, 2013
8279:. Academic Press.
7966:, Pace-Schott EF,
7775:. John Benjamins.
7507:. The Free Press.
7103:"Are we automata?"
6177:10.1007/bf01955747
5995:10.1002/bies.20280
5651:10.1038/nn0203-119
5184:The Conscious Mind
5058:10.3758/bf03193692
4228:2023-06-08 at the
4217:2023-04-21 at the
4198:2023-04-23 at the
2711:Ralph Barton Perry
2476:situated cognition
2472:embodied cognition
2443:
2432:JĂŒrgen Schmidhuber
2415:Douglas Hofstadter
2298:Douglas Hofstadter
2280:
2137:pseudobulbar palsy
2128:Locked-in syndrome
2112:petit mal seizures
2080:locked-in syndrome
2048:Glasgow Coma Scale
2008:general anesthesia
1958:dimethyltryptamine
1914:psychoactive drugs
1885:
1807:in the sense of a
1796:widespread dispute
1668:rapid eye movement
1457:
1358:
1333:subliminal stimuli
1039:
878:Philosophy of mind
872:Glasgow Coma Scale
777:is, as it was for
692:self-consciousness
452:INTEREST, CONCERNâ
311:British philosophy
297:
263:Search after Truth
74:
13909:
13908:
13805:Mindâbody problem
13703:Cognitive closure
13667:Substance dualism
13285:G. E. M. Anscombe
13235:
13234:
13019:Elkhonon Goldberg
12807:
12806:
12653:Guru Granth Sahib
12591:Transcendentalism
12445:Wearing vestments
12330:Religious ecstasy
12155:Bearing testimony
11741:
11740:
11500:Critical thinking
11468:Cognitive liberty
11405:
11404:
11103:Mindâbody problem
11053:Flash suppression
11013:Cartesian theater
10998:Binocular rivalry
10944:
10943:
10810:Mindâbody dualism
10739:
10738:
10726:Victor J. Stenger
10701:Erwin Schrödinger
10655:Stanislas Dehaene
10635:Michael Gazzaniga
10519:Donald D. Hoffman
10403:John Polkinghorne
10383:Gottfried Leibniz
10131:Media related to
10085:
10048:978-0-521-67412-6
10010:978-0-231-13695-2
9988:978-1-5247-4287-4
9966:978-0-470-67406-2
9910:978-1-138-63798-6
9887:978-0-262-04281-9
9865:978-94-007-5172-9
9846:Irvine E (2013).
9830:978-1-107-56330-8
9811:Harley T (2021).
9803:978-1-138-65598-0
9781:978-0-670-02543-5
9748:978-81-7822-493-0
9741:. New Age Books.
9716:978-81-208-1848-4
9646:978-0-520-00585-3
9621:978-0-86171-359-2
9445:"The Turing test"
9256:978-0-19-511789-9
9228:978-0-553-34584-1
9194:978-0-262-69293-9
9139:978-0-7914-0160-6
9070:978-0-7108-0352-8
9028:978-0-521-40676-5
8747:978-0-19-505941-0
8718:978-0-19-505941-0
8629:(12): 1795â1813.
8389:978-0-495-59982-1
8315:(21): 1469â1475.
8286:978-0-12-374168-4
8183:978-0-595-15196-7
8176:. IUniverse.com.
8121:Lyvers M (2003).
8107:978-0-89042-025-6
7985:978-0-521-00869-3
7930:Coenen A (2010).
7909:978-1-4292-3719-2
7895:Psychology 2nd Ed
7670:978-0-521-42743-2
7609:(16): 7320â7324.
7514:978-0-684-83710-9
7322:978-0-226-30865-4
7237:978-0-444-52977-0
7208:978-0-387-08307-0
6821:Neuropharmacology
6768:Carhart-Harris RL
6285:(23): 2427â2434.
6263:, Second Edition.
6217:(1299): 433â451.
6171:(12): 1384â1391.
6100:978-0-465-01376-0
6083:Gerald M. Edelman
6034:(6527): 121â123.
5936:(198): 198ra105.
5570:(6182): 424â427.
5531:978-0-262-62163-2
5450:978-0-9747077-0-9
5193:978-0-19-511789-9
5126:978-0-19-852237-9
5094:978-0-444-52876-6
5022:978-0-415-19094-7
4997:978-0-521-42743-2
4956:978-0-262-58181-3
4884:978-0-262-08246-4
4815:978-0-7923-3245-9
4687:978-0-262-01660-5
4611:978-0-940322-06-6
4538:Physical Review E
4481:978-0-9747077-0-9
4450:978-0-316-18066-5
4418:978-0-15-601075-7
4388:978-0-465-00764-6
4356:978-0-521-47849-6
4328:978-1-4443-3367-1
4252:978-971-12-0245-3
4241:Dy MB Jr (2001).
4126:978-0-262-12197-2
4068:978-0-7139-9037-9
4027:978-0-262-52210-6
3995:978-0-226-73296-1
3825:978-3-030-96992-9
3802:Anthis J (2022).
3788:978-0-979-07443-1
3763:978-1-429-96935-2
3725:978-0-262-03432-6
3689:978-1-134-80469-6
3534:978-0-333-38829-7
3521:Stuart Sutherland
3454:James W (1948) .
3392:978-0-415-18707-7
3353:"consciousness".
3325:"consciousness".
3172:978-1-4020-6081-6
3061:978-0-691-13870-1
2974:978-0-521-39831-2
2819:Rochat P (2003).
2361:Analytical Engine
2175:
2174:
2004:anesthesiologists
1865:Neural correlates
1783:Neural correlates
1745:natural selection
1664:psychedelic drugs
1613:Stanislas Dehaene
1568:pontine tegmentum
1505:prefrontal cortex
1442:Neural correlates
1205:Catalina Curceanu
1083:substance dualism
1050:mindâbody dualism
1023:mindâbody dualism
1013:Mindâbody problem
1007:Mindâbody problem
902:Cartesian dualist
826:cognitive science
677:Stuart Sutherland
551:unconscious layer
234:Archbishop Ussher
153:, one's sense of
47:Conscientiousness
16:(Redirected from
13994:
13957:Mental processes
13657:Representational
13652:Property dualism
13645:Type physicalism
13610:New mysterianism
13578:Epiphenomenalism
13400:Martin Heidegger
13262:
13255:
13248:
13239:
13238:
13224:
13223:
13222:
13210:
13209:
13208:
13202:
13190:
13189:
13178:
13177:
13014:Norman Geschwind
12958:Natural language
12834:
12827:
12820:
12811:
12810:
12688:The Urantia Book
12380:Self-realization
12160:Being born again
12140:Ancestor worship
11768:
11761:
11754:
11745:
11744:
11438:Mental processes
11432:
11425:
11418:
11409:
11408:
11395:
11394:
11385:
11384:
11227:Unconscious mind
10855:Reflexive monism
10850:Property dualism
10825:New mysterianism
10785:Epiphenomenalism
10765:Computationalism
10760:Anomalous monism
10748:
10747:
10640:Michael Graziano
10610:Francisco Varela
10514:Carl Gustav Jung
10478:Thomas Metzinger
10448:Martin Heidegger
10428:Kenneth M. Sayre
10288:Bertrand Russell
10263:
10262:
10245:
10238:
10231:
10222:
10221:
10213:
10212:
10211:
10201:
10200:
10199:
10192:
10176:
10164:
10153:
10130:
10109:
10107:
10096:
10095:
10086:
10076:
10074:
10070:
10065:
10052:
10014:
9992:
9970:
9944:
9914:
9891:
9869:
9842:
9807:
9785:
9774:. Viking Press.
9753:
9752:
9727:
9721:
9720:
9699:
9693:
9692:
9675:
9669:
9668:
9657:
9651:
9650:
9632:
9626:
9625:
9599:
9593:
9592:
9590:
9566:
9553:
9552:
9541:
9535:
9534:
9532:
9531:
9507:
9501:
9500:
9490:
9466:
9460:
9459:
9457:
9456:
9440:
9434:
9433:
9415:
9392:
9386:
9385:
9383:
9382:
9365:
9359:
9358:
9356:
9317:
9305:
9299:
9298:
9288:
9267:
9261:
9260:
9239:
9233:
9232:
9205:
9199:
9198:
9180:
9174:
9173:
9171:
9170:
9151:
9145:
9143:
9125:
9119:
9118:
9116:
9109:
9101:
9095:
9094:
9081:
9075:
9074:
9039:
9033:
9032:
9019:Mortal Questions
9011:
9005:
9004:
8985:Peter Carruthers
8981:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8971:
8955:
8946:
8945:
8927:
8903:
8897:
8896:
8875:
8869:
8868:
8844:
8838:
8837:
8819:
8795:
8789:
8788:
8776:
8770:
8769:
8758:
8752:
8751:
8729:
8723:
8722:
8696:
8690:
8689:
8653:
8647:
8646:
8617:
8611:
8610:
8608:
8602:. Archived from
8569:
8560:
8554:
8553:
8543:
8534:(9): 2541â2552.
8519:
8513:
8512:
8476:
8470:
8469:
8433:
8422:
8421:
8419:
8417:
8401:
8395:
8393:
8377:
8367:
8361:
8354:
8348:
8347:
8345:
8339:. Archived from
8306:
8297:
8291:
8290:
8272:
8261:
8260:
8250:
8240:
8206:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8195:
8162:
8156:
8155:
8147:
8141:
8140:
8138:
8137:
8127:
8118:
8112:
8111:
8092:
8083:
8082:
8046:
8040:
8039:
8003:
7997:
7996:
7994:
7960:
7954:
7953:
7951:
7936:
7927:
7921:
7920:
7918:
7916:
7889:
7883:
7882:
7880:
7874:. Archived from
7841:
7835:Vaitl D (2005).
7832:
7823:
7822:
7794:
7788:
7787:
7785:
7784:
7761:
7755:
7754:
7723:Neuropsychologia
7718:
7712:
7711:
7696:
7690:
7689:
7681:
7675:
7674:
7653:
7647:
7646:
7636:
7626:
7591:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7581:
7575:
7569:. Archived from
7552:
7534:
7525:
7519:
7518:
7498:
7492:
7491:
7489:
7483:. Archived from
7459:(4): 1000â1021.
7450:
7441:
7432:
7431:
7421:
7411:
7379:
7373:
7372:
7333:
7327:
7326:
7305:
7296:
7295:
7285:
7275:
7251:
7242:
7241:
7219:
7213:
7212:
7200:
7183:
7177:
7176:
7140:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7130:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7086:
7084:10.1038/010362a0
7069:(253): 555â580.
7051:
7045:
7044:
7026:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6969:
6959:
6935:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6910:
6904:
6903:
6893:
6883:
6859:
6853:
6852:
6816:
6810:
6809:
6799:
6764:
6758:
6757:
6747:
6715:
6709:
6702:
6696:
6695:
6693:
6692:
6642:
6634:
6625:
6624:
6622:
6620:
6614:
6575:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6531:
6515:
6504:
6503:
6485:
6475:
6451:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6432:
6393:
6384:
6375:
6374:
6338:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6310:
6270:
6264:
6259:Joaquin Fuster,
6257:
6251:
6250:
6203:
6197:
6196:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6114:
6105:
6104:
6079:
6068:
6067:
6048:10.1038/375121a0
6016:
6007:
6006:
5978:
5972:
5971:
5953:
5917:
5911:
5910:
5892:
5872:
5866:
5865:
5847:
5838:(6): 1073â1083.
5823:
5817:
5816:
5806:
5766:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5702:
5691:
5684:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5669:. Archived from
5636:
5620:
5614:
5613:
5587:
5555:
5549:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5495:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5207:
5198:
5197:
5181:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5113:"Quining qualia"
5105:
5099:
5098:
5080:
5071:
5070:
5060:
5036:
5027:
5026:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4980:
4974:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4935:
4929:
4926:
4920:
4919:
4908:
4902:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4801:
4792:
4778:
4769:
4763:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4669:
4663:
4662:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4553:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4505:
4499:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4464:
4455:
4454:
4442:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4380:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4238:
4232:
4208:
4202:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4171:. Archived from
4146:
4140:Block N (1995).
4137:
4131:
4130:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3936:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3747:
3730:
3729:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3631:
3622:
3621:
3615:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3584:
3565:
3564:
3548:
3539:
3538:
3517:
3508:
3507:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3451:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3412:
3397:
3396:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3306:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3278:
3269:
3263:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3158:
3152:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3102:
3093:
3092:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3019:
3013:
3012:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2965:Studies in words
2957:
2951:
2950:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2919:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2825:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2788:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2756:
2740:
2737:
2731:
2720:
2714:
2707:
2678:Plant perception
2656:
2230:consciousness".
2223:Katherine Nelson
2117:
2116:
2082:and more severe
1880:A Buddhist monk
1868:section above).
1822:Peter Carruthers
1741:Are We Automata?
1732:epiphenomenalist
1691:active inference
1513:Nikos Logothetis
1432:European magpies
1371:response priming
1272:Scientific study
1087:property dualism
1021:Illustration of
675:(1989 edition),
609:inner experience
574:states of matter
562:John Stuart Mill
549:, to expose the
547:Freudian therapy
398:inward awareness
326:The French term
271:
191:English language
83:of internal and
21:
14002:
14001:
13997:
13996:
13995:
13993:
13992:
13991:
13912:
13911:
13910:
13905:
13877:
13844:
13790:Mental property
13683:Abstract object
13671:
13541:
13495:Wilfrid Sellars
13370:Donald Davidson
13355:Paul Churchland
13315:George Berkeley
13271:
13266:
13236:
13231:
13220:
13218:
13206:
13204:
13166:
13093:
13069:Karl H. Pribram
13059:Alexander Luria
13034:Kenneth Heilman
13004:AntĂłnio DamĂĄsio
12982:
12973:Problem solving
12933:Decision making
12910:Brain functions
12904:
12890:Neurophysiology
12843:
12841:Neuropsychology
12838:
12808:
12803:
12700:
12648:Hindu scripture
12600:
12464:
12335:Religious music
12111:
11957:Meaning of life
11817:Akashic Records
11800:
11777:
11772:
11742:
11737:
11666:
11633:
11541:
11520:Problem solving
11505:Decision-making
11439:
11436:
11406:
11401:
11373:
11256:
11232:Unconsciousness
11043:Explanatory gap
10993:Binding problem
10940:
10874:
10735:
10721:Susan Blackmore
10674:
10665:Stuart Hameroff
10585:Antonio Damasio
10568:
10564:Wolfgang Köhler
10502:
10463:Paul Churchland
10368:George Berkeley
10338:Donald Davidson
10254:
10249:
10219:
10209:
10207:
10197:
10195:
10187:
10140:in your library
10123:
10122:
10111:
10105:
10103:
10100:This audio file
10097:
10090:
10081:
10078:
10072:
10068:
10067:
10063:
10060:
10055:
10049:
10029:, eds. (2007).
10017:
10011:
9995:
9989:
9973:
9967:
9955:, eds. (2017).
9947:
9941:
9917:
9911:
9894:
9888:
9872:
9866:
9845:
9831:
9810:
9804:
9788:
9782:
9766:
9762:
9760:Further reading
9757:
9756:
9749:
9737:, eds. (2016).
9728:
9724:
9717:
9700:
9696:
9676:
9672:
9658:
9654:
9647:
9633:
9629:
9622:
9600:
9596:
9567:
9556:
9542:
9538:
9529:
9527:
9508:
9504:
9467:
9463:
9454:
9452:
9441:
9437:
9393:
9389:
9380:
9378:
9367:
9366:
9362:
9354:
9315:
9306:
9302:
9268:
9264:
9257:
9240:
9236:
9229:
9221:. Basic Books.
9206:
9202:
9195:
9181:
9177:
9168:
9166:
9152:
9148:
9140:
9126:
9122:
9114:
9107:
9103:
9102:
9098:
9083:
9082:
9078:
9071:
9040:
9036:
9029:
9012:
9008:
8982:
8978:
8969:
8967:
8956:
8949:
8904:
8900:
8890:
8876:
8872:
8859:
8845:
8841:
8796:
8792:
8777:
8773:
8759:
8755:
8748:
8734:Daniel Schacter
8730:
8726:
8719:
8705:Daniel Schacter
8701:Daniel Schacter
8697:
8693:
8654:
8650:
8618:
8614:
8606:
8567:
8561:
8557:
8520:
8516:
8477:
8473:
8434:
8425:
8415:
8413:
8402:
8398:
8390:
8368:
8364:
8355:
8351:
8343:
8304:
8298:
8294:
8287:
8273:
8264:
8207:
8203:
8193:
8191:
8184:
8163:
8159:
8148:
8144:
8135:
8133:
8125:
8119:
8115:
8108:
8094:
8093:
8086:
8047:
8043:
8004:
8000:
7992:
7986:
7961:
7957:
7949:
7934:
7928:
7924:
7914:
7912:
7910:
7890:
7886:
7878:
7839:
7833:
7826:
7795:
7791:
7782:
7780:
7762:
7758:
7719:
7715:
7697:
7693:
7682:
7678:
7671:
7654:
7650:
7592:
7588:
7579:
7577:
7573:
7550:10.1.1.515.9722
7532:
7526:
7522:
7515:
7499:
7495:
7487:
7448:
7442:
7435:
7380:
7376:
7334:
7330:
7323:
7306:
7299:
7252:
7245:
7238:
7220:
7216:
7209:
7184:
7180:
7141:
7137:
7128:
7126:
7096:
7092:
7052:
7048:
6987:
6983:
6936:
6932:
6923:
6921:
6912:
6911:
6907:
6860:
6856:
6817:
6813:
6765:
6761:
6716:
6712:
6703:
6699:
6690:
6688:
6635:
6628:
6618:
6616:
6612:
6573:
6567:
6563:
6548:
6529:10.1.1.456.2829
6516:
6507:
6452:
6445:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6391:
6385:
6378:
6339:
6335:
6326:
6324:
6271:
6267:
6258:
6254:
6204:
6200:
6158:
6154:
6115:
6108:
6101:
6093:. Basic Books.
6080:
6071:
6017:
6010:
5979:
5975:
5918:
5914:
5890:10.1.1.137.1066
5873:
5869:
5824:
5820:
5767:
5760:
5751:
5749:
5703:
5694:
5685:
5681:
5673:
5634:
5621:
5617:
5556:
5552:
5543:
5539:
5532:
5513:
5509:
5462:
5458:
5451:
5434:
5430:
5391:
5387:
5350:(3914): 86â87.
5337:
5333:
5310:10.1038/nrn2497
5304:(12): 934â946.
5294:
5290:
5251:
5247:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5171:
5167:
5149:
5145:
5136:
5134:
5127:
5106:
5102:
5095:
5081:
5074:
5037:
5030:
5023:
5009:
5005:
4998:
4981:
4977:
4968:
4964:
4957:
4939:Stuart Hameroff
4936:
4932:
4927:
4923:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4896:
4892:
4885:
4871:
4867:
4849:
4845:
4827:
4823:
4816:
4802:
4795:
4779:
4772:
4764:
4757:
4748:
4746:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4719:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4670:
4666:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4595:
4591:
4534:
4530:
4520:
4518:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4493:
4489:
4482:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4430:
4426:
4419:
4403:Antonio Damasio
4400:
4396:
4389:
4381:. Basic Books.
4368:
4364:
4357:
4340:
4336:
4329:
4315:
4311:
4302:
4300:
4289:
4285:
4276:
4274:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4239:
4235:
4230:Wayback Machine
4219:Wayback Machine
4209:
4205:
4200:Wayback Machine
4187:
4183:
4175:
4144:
4138:
4134:
4127:
4110:
4106:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4050:
4046:
4037:
4035:
4028:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3977:
3973:
3965:
3934:
3928:
3924:
3915:
3913:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3864:
3860:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3833:
3826:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3748:
3733:
3726:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3632:
3625:
3613:
3607:
3603:
3585:
3568:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3518:
3511:
3500:
3496:
3485:
3481:
3470:
3463:
3452:
3441:
3434:
3413:
3400:
3393:
3376:
3372:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3338:
3336:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3311:
3304:
3296:
3292:
3281:Mind and Matter
3276:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3252:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3159:
3155:
3138:
3134:
3103:
3096:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3042:
3038:
3020:
3016:
3009:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2958:
2954:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2917:
2908:
2904:
2895:
2893:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2789:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2764:Merriam-Webster
2760:"consciousness"
2758:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2721:
2717:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2654:
2640:
2632:Stuart Hameroff
2596:
2590:
2555:
2494:
2488:
2365:Charles Babbage
2339:The idea of an
2337:
2331:
2317:Stephen Hawking
2271:to be a bat". (
2250:
2244:
2218:
2212:
2207:
2064:
2028:
1992:
1990:Medical aspects
1891:
1874:
1817:cerebral cortex
1811:that increases
1708:
1700:explanatory gap
1617:Lionel Naccache
1590:
1584:
1481:binding problem
1455:
1444:
1346:
1274:
1246:epistemological
1238:
1232:
1213:Stuart Hameroff
1184:Stuart Hameroff
1137:Antonio Damasio
1121:L'homme machine
1015:
1009:
981:
911:
893:
880:
842:Daniel Kahneman
819:decision-making
815:problem-solving
747:neuroscientific
739:neuroscientists
710:
634:
534:
418:mental activity
367:
348:
208:"together" and
187:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14000:
13990:
13989:
13987:Theory of mind
13984:
13979:
13974:
13969:
13964:
13959:
13954:
13949:
13944:
13939:
13934:
13929:
13924:
13907:
13906:
13904:
13903:
13898:
13893:
13888:
13882:
13879:
13878:
13876:
13875:
13858:
13852:
13850:
13846:
13845:
13843:
13842:
13837:
13832:
13827:
13822:
13817:
13812:
13807:
13802:
13797:
13792:
13787:
13785:Mental process
13782:
13777:
13772:
13767:
13762:
13757:
13755:Intentionality
13752:
13751:
13750:
13745:
13735:
13730:
13725:
13720:
13715:
13710:
13705:
13700:
13695:
13690:
13685:
13679:
13677:
13673:
13672:
13670:
13669:
13664:
13659:
13654:
13649:
13648:
13647:
13637:
13632:
13627:
13622:
13617:
13612:
13607:
13605:Neutral monism
13602:
13601:
13600:
13590:
13588:Interactionism
13585:
13580:
13575:
13570:
13565:
13560:
13555:
13549:
13547:
13543:
13542:
13540:
13539:
13532:
13527:
13522:
13517:
13512:
13507:
13502:
13500:Baruch Spinoza
13497:
13492:
13487:
13482:
13477:
13472:
13467:
13462:
13457:
13452:
13447:
13442:
13437:
13432:
13427:
13422:
13417:
13412:
13410:Edmund Husserl
13407:
13402:
13397:
13392:
13387:
13382:
13380:René Descartes
13377:
13375:Daniel Dennett
13372:
13367:
13362:
13357:
13352:
13347:
13345:David Chalmers
13342:
13337:
13332:
13330:Franz Brentano
13327:
13322:
13317:
13312:
13310:Alexander Bain
13307:
13302:
13300:Thomas Aquinas
13297:
13292:
13287:
13281:
13279:
13273:
13272:
13265:
13264:
13257:
13250:
13242:
13233:
13232:
13230:
13229:
13215:
13196:
13184:
13171:
13168:
13167:
13165:
13164:
13159:
13154:
13149:
13144:
13139:
13134:
13129:
13124:
13119:
13114:
13109:
13103:
13101:
13095:
13094:
13092:
13091:
13086:
13081:
13076:
13071:
13066:
13061:
13056:
13054:Rodolfo LlinĂĄs
13051:
13049:Benjamin Libet
13046:
13041:
13036:
13031:
13029:Donald O. Hebb
13026:
13024:Kurt Goldstein
13021:
13016:
13011:
13006:
13001:
12996:
12990:
12988:
12984:
12983:
12981:
12980:
12975:
12970:
12965:
12960:
12955:
12950:
12945:
12940:
12935:
12930:
12925:
12920:
12914:
12912:
12906:
12905:
12903:
12902:
12897:
12892:
12887:
12882:
12880:Misconceptions
12877:
12872:
12867:
12862:
12857:
12851:
12849:
12845:
12844:
12837:
12836:
12829:
12822:
12814:
12805:
12804:
12802:
12801:
12796:
12791:
12786:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12756:
12751:
12746:
12741:
12736:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12710:
12708:
12702:
12701:
12699:
12698:
12691:
12684:
12679:
12672:
12667:
12662:
12655:
12650:
12645:
12638:
12631:
12629:Book of Mormon
12626:
12621:
12616:
12608:
12606:
12602:
12601:
12599:
12598:
12593:
12588:
12583:
12578:
12573:
12568:
12563:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12518:
12513:
12508:
12503:
12498:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12472:
12470:
12469:Belief systems
12466:
12465:
12463:
12462:
12457:
12452:
12447:
12442:
12437:
12432:
12427:
12422:
12417:
12412:
12407:
12402:
12397:
12392:
12387:
12382:
12377:
12372:
12367:
12362:
12357:
12352:
12347:
12342:
12337:
12332:
12327:
12322:
12317:
12312:
12307:
12302:
12297:
12292:
12287:
12282:
12277:
12272:
12267:
12262:
12257:
12252:
12247:
12242:
12237:
12232:
12227:
12222:
12217:
12212:
12207:
12202:
12197:
12192:
12187:
12182:
12177:
12172:
12167:
12162:
12157:
12152:
12147:
12142:
12137:
12132:
12127:
12121:
12119:
12113:
12112:
12110:
12109:
12104:
12099:
12094:
12089:
12084:
12079:
12074:
12069:
12064:
12059:
12054:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12029:
12024:
12019:
12014:
12009:
12004:
11999:
11994:
11992:Parapsychology
11989:
11984:
11979:
11974:
11969:
11964:
11959:
11954:
11952:Lataif-e-sitta
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11924:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11904:
11899:
11897:Eternal return
11894:
11889:
11884:
11879:
11874:
11869:
11864:
11859:
11857:Creation myths
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11808:
11806:
11802:
11801:
11799:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11782:
11779:
11778:
11771:
11770:
11763:
11756:
11748:
11739:
11738:
11736:
11735:
11730:
11725:
11720:
11715:
11710:
11708:Mental fatigue
11705:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11674:
11672:
11668:
11667:
11665:
11664:
11659:
11654:
11649:
11643:
11641:
11635:
11634:
11632:
11631:
11626:
11625:
11624:
11619:
11614:
11604:
11599:
11594:
11589:
11579:
11574:
11569:
11568:
11567:
11557:
11551:
11549:
11543:
11542:
11540:
11539:
11534:
11533:
11532:
11527:
11517:
11512:
11507:
11502:
11497:
11492:
11487:
11482:
11481:
11480:
11470:
11465:
11460:
11455:
11449:
11447:
11441:
11440:
11435:
11434:
11427:
11420:
11412:
11403:
11402:
11400:
11399:
11389:
11378:
11375:
11374:
11372:
11371:
11364:
11357:
11350:
11345:
11338:
11331:
11324:
11317:
11312:
11305:
11298:
11291:
11284:
11277:
11272:
11264:
11262:
11258:
11257:
11255:
11254:
11249:
11244:
11242:Visual masking
11239:
11234:
11229:
11224:
11219:
11214:
11209:
11204:
11199:
11194:
11192:Sentiocentrism
11189:
11184:
11179:
11178:
11177:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11070:
11065:
11060:
11055:
11050:
11045:
11040:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10985:
10984:
10983:
10973:
10968:
10963:
10958:
10952:
10950:
10946:
10945:
10942:
10941:
10939:
10938:
10933:
10928:
10923:
10918:
10913:
10908:
10903:
10898:
10893:
10888:
10882:
10880:
10876:
10875:
10873:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10820:Neutral monism
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10800:Interactionism
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10762:
10756:
10754:
10745:
10741:
10740:
10737:
10736:
10734:
10733:
10731:Wolfgang Pauli
10728:
10723:
10718:
10713:
10708:
10703:
10698:
10693:
10688:
10682:
10680:
10676:
10675:
10673:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10660:Steven Laureys
10657:
10652:
10647:
10645:Patrick Wilken
10642:
10637:
10632:
10627:
10622:
10617:
10615:Gerald Edelman
10612:
10607:
10602:
10597:
10592:
10590:Benjamin Libet
10587:
10582:
10576:
10574:
10570:
10569:
10567:
10566:
10561:
10556:
10551:
10546:
10544:Max Wertheimer
10541:
10536:
10531:
10529:Gustav Fechner
10526:
10524:Franz Brentano
10521:
10516:
10510:
10508:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10500:
10498:William Seager
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10473:René Descartes
10470:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10430:
10425:
10423:Keith Frankish
10420:
10415:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10363:Galen Strawson
10360:
10355:
10350:
10348:Edmund Husserl
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10328:David Papineau
10325:
10320:
10318:David Chalmers
10315:
10313:Daniel Dennett
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10283:Baruch Spinoza
10280:
10275:
10269:
10267:
10260:
10256:
10255:
10248:
10247:
10240:
10233:
10225:
10218:
10217:
10205:
10185:
10184:
10170:
10158:
10147:
10136:
10112:
10098:
10091:
10079:
10062:
10061:
10059:
10058:External links
10056:
10054:
10053:
10047:
10015:
10009:
9993:
9987:
9971:
9965:
9945:
9939:
9915:
9909:
9892:
9886:
9870:
9864:
9843:
9829:
9808:
9802:
9786:
9780:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9755:
9754:
9747:
9722:
9715:
9694:
9670:
9652:
9645:
9627:
9620:
9594:
9554:
9536:
9502:
9481:(4): 625â636.
9461:
9435:
9413:10.1.1.83.5248
9406:(3): 417â457.
9387:
9360:
9309:John R. Searle
9300:
9262:
9255:
9243:David Chalmers
9234:
9227:
9209:Daniel Dennett
9200:
9193:
9175:
9146:
9138:
9132:. SUNY Press.
9120:
9096:
9076:
9069:
9051:Daniel Dennett
9034:
9027:
9006:
8995:(4): 465â482.
8976:
8947:
8898:
8888:
8870:
8857:
8839:
8790:
8771:
8753:
8746:
8724:
8717:
8691:
8664:(6): 606â611.
8648:
8612:
8578:(7): 579â589.
8555:
8514:
8487:(3): 206â207.
8471:
8423:
8396:
8388:
8362:
8349:
8292:
8285:
8262:
8201:
8182:
8157:
8142:
8113:
8106:
8084:
8057:(2): 366â371.
8041:
8014:(1): 170â182.
7998:
7984:
7955:
7922:
7908:
7884:
7881:on 2020-10-22.
7824:
7805:(2): 365â383.
7789:
7756:
7729:(3): 829â840.
7713:
7691:
7676:
7669:
7648:
7586:
7559:10.1086/392859
7543:(4): 648â670.
7520:
7513:
7493:
7490:on 2020-11-18.
7433:
7374:
7328:
7321:
7309:Donald Griffin
7297:
7243:
7236:
7214:
7207:
7191:John C. Eccles
7187:Karl R. Popper
7178:
7151:(4): 613â629.
7135:
7090:
7046:
7001:(1): 106â131.
6981:
6930:
6916:. 2018-06-22.
6905:
6854:
6811:
6782:(3): 316â344.
6759:
6710:
6697:
6651:(7): 450â461.
6626:
6561:
6546:
6505:
6443:
6402:(7): 439â452.
6376:
6333:
6265:
6252:
6198:
6152:
6106:
6099:
6069:
6008:
5989:(9): 923â936.
5973:
5912:
5883:(1): 525â533.
5867:
5818:
5758:
5692:
5679:
5676:on 2012-05-22.
5645:(2): 119â126.
5615:
5550:
5537:
5530:
5516:Rodolfo LlinĂĄs
5507:
5456:
5449:
5428:
5401:(9): 476â484.
5385:
5331:
5288:
5245:
5218:(6): 614â619.
5199:
5192:
5174:David Chalmers
5165:
5152:Daniel Dennett
5143:
5125:
5109:Daniel Dennett
5100:
5093:
5072:
5051:(3): 489â504.
5028:
5021:
5003:
4996:
4975:
4962:
4955:
4943:David Chalmers
4930:
4921:
4903:
4890:
4883:
4865:
4843:
4830:Daniel Dennett
4821:
4814:
4793:
4781:Moral Machines
4770:
4755:
4729:
4693:
4686:
4664:
4617:
4610:
4589:
4528:
4500:
4487:
4480:
4456:
4449:
4433:Daniel Dennett
4424:
4417:
4394:
4387:
4371:Gerald Edelman
4362:
4355:
4334:
4327:
4309:
4283:
4258:
4251:
4233:
4223:(Google Books)
4203:
4181:
4178:on 2020-02-10.
4155:(2): 272â284.
4132:
4125:
4104:
4101:on 2005-03-08.
4083:David Chalmers
4074:
4067:
4053:Daniel Dennett
4044:
4026:
4001:
3994:
3971:
3945:(2): 299â327.
3922:
3901:
3874:(4): 304â307.
3858:
3843:
3824:
3794:
3787:
3769:
3762:
3731:
3724:
3695:
3688:
3668:
3661:
3623:
3601:
3566:
3540:
3533:
3509:
3494:
3479:
3461:
3439:
3432:
3398:
3391:
3370:
3345:
3317:
3290:
3264:
3250:
3239:Samuel Johnson
3230:
3205:
3194:on May 8, 2018
3178:
3171:
3153:
3139:Charles Adam,
3132:
3113:(3): 455â484.
3094:
3083:(2): 170â180.
3067:
3060:
3036:
3014:
3007:
2980:
2973:
2952:
2934:
2902:
2888:(6): 406â412.
2868:
2834:(4): 717â731.
2811:
2804:
2776:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2732:
2715:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2648:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2589:
2586:
2567:Virginia Woolf
2554:
2553:Narrative form
2551:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2490:Main article:
2487:
2484:
2421:argues that a
2419:David Chalmers
2333:Main article:
2330:
2327:
2302:Donald Griffin
2246:Main article:
2243:
2240:
2236:theory of mind
2216:Theory of mind
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2063:
2060:
2027:
2024:
2010:, or inducing
1991:
1988:
1887:Main article:
1873:
1872:Altered states
1870:
1761:Donald Griffin
1707:
1704:
1689:, applied the
1680:self-awareness
1654:is a style of
1583:
1580:
1556:Joaquin Fuster
1543:, Edelman and
1485:Rodolfo LlinĂĄs
1450:
1443:
1440:
1404:self-awareness
1345:
1342:
1331:effects using
1279:George Mandler
1273:
1270:
1234:Main article:
1231:
1228:
1182:formulated by
1180:Orch-OR theory
1160:quantum theory
1133:Gerald Edelman
1113:, in his book
1103:neutral monism
1027:René Descartes
1011:Main article:
1008:
1005:
980:
977:
946:David Chalmers
942:Daniel Dennett
910:
907:
892:
889:
879:
876:
792:
720:
709:
706:
633:
630:
626:
622:
590:
586:
552:
533:
530:
529:
528:
520:
513:(1998) reads:
485:
484:
478:
473:
463:
458:
457:
456:
447:
442:
349:
347:
344:
317:'s celebrated
315:Samuel Johnson
255:René Descartes
186:
183:
181:of the brain.
179:mental process
163:looking within
144:self-awareness
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13999:
13988:
13985:
13983:
13982:Phenomenology
13980:
13978:
13975:
13973:
13970:
13968:
13965:
13963:
13960:
13958:
13955:
13953:
13950:
13948:
13947:Consciousness
13945:
13943:
13940:
13938:
13935:
13933:
13930:
13928:
13925:
13923:
13920:
13919:
13917:
13902:
13899:
13897:
13894:
13892:
13889:
13887:
13884:
13883:
13880:
13874:
13870:
13866:
13862:
13859:
13857:
13854:
13853:
13851:
13847:
13841:
13838:
13836:
13835:Understanding
13833:
13831:
13828:
13826:
13823:
13821:
13818:
13816:
13813:
13811:
13808:
13806:
13803:
13801:
13798:
13796:
13793:
13791:
13788:
13786:
13783:
13781:
13778:
13776:
13773:
13771:
13768:
13766:
13763:
13761:
13760:Introspection
13758:
13756:
13753:
13749:
13746:
13744:
13741:
13740:
13739:
13736:
13734:
13731:
13729:
13726:
13724:
13721:
13719:
13716:
13714:
13713:Consciousness
13711:
13709:
13706:
13704:
13701:
13699:
13696:
13694:
13691:
13689:
13686:
13684:
13681:
13680:
13678:
13674:
13668:
13665:
13663:
13660:
13658:
13655:
13653:
13650:
13646:
13643:
13642:
13641:
13638:
13636:
13635:Phenomenology
13633:
13631:
13630:Phenomenalism
13628:
13626:
13623:
13621:
13620:Occasionalism
13618:
13616:
13613:
13611:
13608:
13606:
13603:
13599:
13596:
13595:
13594:
13593:NaĂŻve realism
13591:
13589:
13586:
13584:
13583:Functionalism
13581:
13579:
13576:
13574:
13571:
13569:
13566:
13564:
13561:
13559:
13556:
13554:
13551:
13550:
13548:
13544:
13538:
13537:
13533:
13531:
13528:
13526:
13525:Stephen Yablo
13523:
13521:
13518:
13516:
13513:
13511:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13498:
13496:
13493:
13491:
13488:
13486:
13483:
13481:
13480:Richard Rorty
13478:
13476:
13475:Hilary Putnam
13473:
13471:
13468:
13466:
13463:
13461:
13458:
13456:
13453:
13451:
13450:Marvin Minsky
13448:
13446:
13443:
13441:
13438:
13436:
13433:
13431:
13428:
13426:
13425:Immanuel Kant
13423:
13421:
13418:
13416:
13415:William James
13413:
13411:
13408:
13406:
13403:
13401:
13398:
13396:
13393:
13391:
13388:
13386:
13383:
13381:
13378:
13376:
13373:
13371:
13368:
13366:
13363:
13361:
13358:
13356:
13353:
13351:
13348:
13346:
13343:
13341:
13338:
13336:
13333:
13331:
13328:
13326:
13323:
13321:
13320:Henri Bergson
13318:
13316:
13313:
13311:
13308:
13306:
13303:
13301:
13298:
13296:
13293:
13291:
13288:
13286:
13283:
13282:
13280:
13278:
13274:
13270:
13263:
13258:
13256:
13251:
13249:
13244:
13243:
13240:
13228:
13227:
13216:
13214:
13213:
13201:
13197:
13195:
13194:
13185:
13183:
13182:
13173:
13172:
13169:
13163:
13160:
13158:
13155:
13153:
13152:Stroop effect
13150:
13148:
13145:
13143:
13140:
13138:
13137:Johari window
13135:
13133:
13130:
13128:
13125:
13123:
13120:
13118:
13115:
13113:
13110:
13108:
13105:
13104:
13102:
13100:
13096:
13090:
13087:
13085:
13082:
13080:
13077:
13075:
13072:
13070:
13067:
13065:
13064:Brenda Milner
13062:
13060:
13057:
13055:
13052:
13050:
13047:
13045:
13042:
13040:
13037:
13035:
13032:
13030:
13027:
13025:
13022:
13020:
13017:
13015:
13012:
13010:
13007:
13005:
13002:
13000:
12997:
12995:
12992:
12991:
12989:
12985:
12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12969:
12966:
12964:
12961:
12959:
12956:
12954:
12951:
12949:
12946:
12944:
12941:
12939:
12936:
12934:
12931:
12929:
12928:Consciousness
12926:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12916:
12915:
12913:
12911:
12907:
12901:
12898:
12896:
12893:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12871:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12861:
12860:Brain regions
12858:
12856:
12853:
12852:
12850:
12846:
12842:
12835:
12830:
12828:
12823:
12821:
12816:
12815:
12812:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12794:Seven virtues
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12784:Moral courage
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12742:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12711:
12709:
12707:
12703:
12697:
12696:
12692:
12690:
12689:
12685:
12683:
12680:
12678:
12677:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12660:
12656:
12654:
12651:
12649:
12646:
12644:
12643:
12639:
12637:
12636:
12632:
12630:
12627:
12625:
12622:
12620:
12617:
12615:
12614:
12610:
12609:
12607:
12603:
12597:
12594:
12592:
12589:
12587:
12584:
12582:
12579:
12577:
12574:
12572:
12569:
12567:
12564:
12562:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12532:
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12516:Kathenotheism
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12504:
12502:
12499:
12497:
12494:
12492:
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12481:Anthroposophy
12479:
12477:
12474:
12473:
12471:
12467:
12461:
12458:
12456:
12453:
12451:
12448:
12446:
12443:
12441:
12438:
12436:
12433:
12431:
12428:
12426:
12425:Vegetarianism
12423:
12421:
12418:
12416:
12413:
12411:
12408:
12406:
12405:Sufi whirling
12403:
12401:
12398:
12396:
12393:
12391:
12390:Simple living
12388:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12376:
12373:
12371:
12368:
12366:
12363:
12361:
12358:
12356:
12353:
12351:
12348:
12346:
12343:
12341:
12338:
12336:
12333:
12331:
12328:
12326:
12323:
12321:
12318:
12316:
12313:
12311:
12308:
12306:
12303:
12301:
12298:
12296:
12295:Nonresistance
12293:
12291:
12288:
12286:
12283:
12281:
12278:
12276:
12273:
12271:
12268:
12266:
12263:
12261:
12258:
12256:
12255:Koan practice
12253:
12251:
12248:
12246:
12243:
12241:
12238:
12236:
12233:
12231:
12228:
12226:
12223:
12221:
12220:Faith healing
12218:
12216:
12213:
12211:
12208:
12206:
12203:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12195:Contemplation
12193:
12191:
12188:
12186:
12183:
12181:
12178:
12176:
12173:
12171:
12168:
12166:
12163:
12161:
12158:
12156:
12153:
12151:
12148:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12138:
12136:
12133:
12131:
12128:
12126:
12123:
12122:
12120:
12118:
12114:
12108:
12105:
12103:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12087:Synchronicity
12085:
12083:
12080:
12078:
12075:
12073:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12063:
12060:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12017:Reincarnation
12015:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11973:
11970:
11968:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11958:
11955:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11900:
11898:
11895:
11893:
11890:
11888:
11885:
11883:
11882:Enlightenment
11880:
11878:
11875:
11873:
11870:
11868:
11865:
11863:
11860:
11858:
11855:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11842:Consciousness
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11809:
11807:
11803:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11789:
11787:
11784:
11783:
11780:
11776:
11769:
11764:
11762:
11757:
11755:
11750:
11749:
11746:
11734:
11731:
11729:
11726:
11724:
11721:
11719:
11716:
11714:
11711:
11709:
11706:
11704:
11701:
11699:
11696:
11694:
11691:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11675:
11673:
11669:
11663:
11660:
11658:
11655:
11653:
11650:
11648:
11647:Consolidation
11645:
11644:
11642:
11640:
11636:
11630:
11627:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11609:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11587:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11566:
11563:
11562:
11561:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11552:
11550:
11548:
11544:
11538:
11535:
11531:
11528:
11526:
11523:
11522:
11521:
11518:
11516:
11513:
11511:
11508:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11496:
11495:Consciousness
11493:
11491:
11490:Comprehension
11488:
11486:
11483:
11479:
11476:
11475:
11474:
11471:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11450:
11448:
11446:
11442:
11433:
11428:
11426:
11421:
11419:
11414:
11413:
11410:
11398:
11390:
11388:
11380:
11379:
11376:
11370:
11369:
11365:
11362:
11358:
11356:
11355:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11343:
11339:
11337:
11336:
11332:
11330:
11329:
11325:
11323:
11322:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11310:
11306:
11304:
11303:
11299:
11297:
11296:
11292:
11290:
11289:
11285:
11283:
11282:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11270:
11266:
11265:
11263:
11259:
11253:
11250:
11248:
11245:
11243:
11240:
11238:
11235:
11233:
11230:
11228:
11225:
11223:
11220:
11218:
11215:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11203:
11200:
11198:
11195:
11193:
11190:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11176:
11175:
11171:
11170:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11128:Phenomenology
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11074:
11071:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11058:Hallucination
11056:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10982:
10979:
10978:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10953:
10951:
10947:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10922:
10919:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10887:
10884:
10883:
10881:
10877:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10790:Functionalism
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10757:
10755:
10753:
10749:
10746:
10742:
10732:
10729:
10727:
10724:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10716:Roger Penrose
10714:
10712:
10709:
10707:
10706:Marvin Minsky
10704:
10702:
10699:
10697:
10696:Eugene Wigner
10694:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10686:Annaka Harris
10684:
10683:
10681:
10677:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10623:
10621:
10620:Giulio Tononi
10618:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10605:Francis Crick
10603:
10601:
10600:Christof Koch
10598:
10596:
10595:Bernard Baars
10593:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10577:
10575:
10571:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10559:William James
10557:
10555:
10554:Wilhelm Wundt
10552:
10550:
10549:Sigmund Freud
10547:
10545:
10542:
10540:
10537:
10535:
10534:Julian Jaynes
10532:
10530:
10527:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10511:
10509:
10505:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10493:William Lycan
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10413:Joseph Levine
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10388:Immanuel Kant
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10353:Frank Jackson
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10270:
10268:
10264:
10261:
10257:
10253:
10252:Consciousness
10246:
10241:
10239:
10234:
10232:
10227:
10226:
10223:
10216:
10206:
10204:
10194:
10193:
10190:
10183:at Wiktionary
10182:
10181:
10180:Consciousness
10175:
10171:
10168:
10167:Consciousness
10163:
10159:
10156:
10152:
10148:
10145:
10141:
10137:
10134:
10133:Consciousness
10129:
10125:
10124:
10120:
10116:
10101:
10050:
10044:
10040:
10036:
10032:
10028:
10024:
10020:
10016:
10012:
10006:
10002:
9998:
9994:
9990:
9984:
9980:
9976:
9972:
9968:
9962:
9958:
9954:
9950:
9946:
9942:
9940:9780195314595
9936:
9932:
9928:
9924:
9920:
9916:
9912:
9906:
9903:. Routledge.
9902:
9898:
9895:Overgaard M,
9893:
9889:
9883:
9880:. MIT Press.
9879:
9875:
9871:
9867:
9861:
9857:
9853:
9849:
9844:
9840:
9836:
9832:
9826:
9822:
9818:
9814:
9809:
9805:
9799:
9796:. Routledge.
9795:
9791:
9787:
9783:
9777:
9773:
9769:
9765:
9764:
9750:
9744:
9740:
9736:
9732:
9726:
9718:
9712:
9708:
9704:
9698:
9690:
9686:
9685:
9680:
9674:
9666:
9662:
9656:
9648:
9642:
9638:
9631:
9623:
9617:
9613:
9609:
9605:
9598:
9589:
9584:
9580:
9576:
9572:
9565:
9563:
9561:
9559:
9550:
9546:
9545:William James
9540:
9525:
9521:
9517:
9513:
9506:
9498:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9480:
9476:
9472:
9465:
9450:
9446:
9439:
9431:
9427:
9423:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9405:
9401:
9397:
9391:
9376:
9372:
9371:
9364:
9353:
9349:
9345:
9341:
9337:
9333:
9329:
9325:
9321:
9314:
9310:
9304:
9296:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9278:
9277:
9272:
9266:
9258:
9252:
9248:
9244:
9238:
9230:
9224:
9220:
9219:
9214:
9210:
9204:
9196:
9190:
9187:. MIT Press.
9186:
9179:
9164:
9160:
9156:
9150:
9141:
9135:
9131:
9124:
9113:
9106:
9100:
9092:
9088:
9087:
9080:
9072:
9066:
9062:
9058:
9057:
9052:
9048:
9044:
9038:
9030:
9024:
9020:
9016:
9010:
9002:
8998:
8994:
8990:
8986:
8980:
8965:
8961:
8954:
8952:
8943:
8939:
8935:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8902:
8895:
8891:
8889:0-618-05707-2
8885:
8881:
8874:
8867:
8865:
8860:
8858:0-618-05707-2
8854:
8850:
8843:
8835:
8831:
8827:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8809:
8805:
8801:
8794:
8787:
8782:
8775:
8767:
8763:
8757:
8749:
8743:
8739:
8735:
8728:
8720:
8714:
8710:
8706:
8702:
8695:
8687:
8683:
8679:
8675:
8671:
8667:
8663:
8659:
8652:
8644:
8640:
8636:
8632:
8628:
8624:
8616:
8605:
8601:
8597:
8593:
8589:
8585:
8581:
8577:
8573:
8566:
8559:
8551:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8533:
8529:
8525:
8518:
8510:
8506:
8502:
8498:
8494:
8490:
8486:
8482:
8475:
8467:
8463:
8459:
8455:
8451:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8432:
8430:
8428:
8411:
8407:
8400:
8391:
8385:
8381:
8376:
8375:
8366:
8360:, pp. 216â226
8359:
8353:
8342:
8338:
8334:
8330:
8326:
8322:
8318:
8314:
8310:
8303:
8296:
8288:
8282:
8278:
8271:
8269:
8267:
8258:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8230:
8226:
8223:(8): e12412.
8222:
8218:
8217:
8212:
8205:
8189:
8185:
8179:
8175:
8171:
8167:
8161:
8153:
8146:
8131:
8124:
8117:
8109:
8103:
8099:
8098:
8091:
8089:
8080:
8076:
8072:
8068:
8064:
8060:
8056:
8052:
8045:
8037:
8033:
8029:
8025:
8021:
8017:
8013:
8009:
8002:
7991:
7987:
7981:
7977:
7973:
7969:
7965:
7959:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7933:
7926:
7911:
7905:
7901:
7897:
7896:
7888:
7877:
7873:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7853:
7850:(1): 98â127.
7849:
7845:
7838:
7831:
7829:
7820:
7816:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7793:
7778:
7774:
7770:
7766:
7765:Stevan Harnad
7760:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7740:
7736:
7732:
7728:
7724:
7717:
7709:
7705:
7701:
7700:Owen Flanagan
7695:
7687:
7680:
7672:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7657:Bernard Baars
7652:
7644:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7590:
7576:on 2017-08-13
7572:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7531:
7524:
7516:
7510:
7506:
7505:
7497:
7486:
7482:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7466:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7447:
7440:
7438:
7429:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7378:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7354:
7350:
7346:
7342:
7338:
7337:Bernard Baars
7332:
7324:
7318:
7314:
7310:
7304:
7302:
7293:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7265:
7261:
7257:
7250:
7248:
7239:
7233:
7229:
7225:
7218:
7210:
7204:
7199:
7198:
7192:
7188:
7182:
7174:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7158:
7154:
7150:
7146:
7139:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7094:
7085:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7068:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7050:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7016:
7012:
7008:
7004:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6985:
6977:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6934:
6919:
6915:
6909:
6901:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6858:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6815:
6807:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6763:
6755:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6730:(2): 98â113.
6729:
6725:
6724:Cog. Neurosci
6721:
6714:
6707:
6706:New Scientist
6701:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6641:
6633:
6631:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6584:(1â2): 1â37.
6583:
6579:
6572:
6565:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6547:9780444518514
6543:
6539:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6521:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6450:
6448:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6381:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6360:
6356:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6337:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6269:
6262:
6256:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6202:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6156:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6113:
6111:
6102:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6087:Giulio Tononi
6084:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6024:Christof Koch
6021:
6020:Francis Crick
6015:
6013:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5977:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5922:Giulio Tononi
5916:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5871:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5822:
5814:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5765:
5763:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5690:, pp. 269â286
5689:
5683:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5633:
5629:
5628:Christof Koch
5625:
5624:Francis Crick
5619:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5554:
5548:, pp. 105â116
5547:
5541:
5533:
5527:
5524:. MIT Press.
5523:
5522:
5517:
5511:
5503:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5460:
5452:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5437:Christof Koch
5432:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5389:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5340:Gordon Gallup
5335:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5292:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5249:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5206:
5204:
5195:
5189:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5169:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5104:
5096:
5090:
5086:
5079:
5077:
5068:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5033:
5024:
5018:
5014:
5007:
4999:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4984:Bernard Baars
4979:
4973:
4966:
4958:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4934:
4925:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4900:
4894:
4886:
4880:
4876:
4869:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4852:Stevan Harnad
4847:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4800:
4798:
4790:
4789:0-19-973797-5
4786:
4782:
4777:
4775:
4767:
4762:
4760:
4744:
4740:
4733:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4703:"Other minds"
4697:
4689:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4668:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4621:
4613:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4544:(2): 021921.
4543:
4539:
4532:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4491:
4483:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4468:Christof Koch
4463:
4461:
4452:
4446:
4441:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4420:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4390:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4358:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4330:
4324:
4320:
4313:
4298:
4294:
4287:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4254:
4248:
4244:
4237:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4185:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4128:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4113:William Lycan
4108:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4070:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4005:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3975:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3911:
3905:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3862:
3854:
3847:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3798:
3790:
3784:
3780:
3773:
3765:
3759:
3756:. Macmillan.
3755:
3754:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3727:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3691:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3672:
3664:
3662:9780262034326
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3562:
3558:
3555:ambiguous?".
3554:
3553:consciousness
3547:
3545:
3536:
3530:
3527:. Macmillan.
3526:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3483:
3475:
3468:
3466:
3457:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3435:
3433:0-395-20729-0
3429:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3394:
3388:
3385:. Routledge.
3384:
3380:
3374:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3349:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3310:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3099:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3063:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3010:
3008:9783932392382
3004:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2989:Thomas Hobbes
2984:
2976:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2927:
2923:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2872:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2805:0-618-05707-2
2801:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2751:
2736:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2702:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2619:'s 1977 book
2618:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2538:Citta-saáčtÄna
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2497:William James
2493:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2304:'s 2001 book
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2232:Julian Jaynes
2228:
2224:
2217:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2191:parietal lobe
2188:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1980:interoception
1977:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1912:A variety of
1910:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1883:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1737:William James
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:metacognitive
1673:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1608:Bernard Baars
1605:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:temporal lobe
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1454:
1453:Christof Koch
1448:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:Gordon Gallup
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1350:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1288:Donald Michie
1285:
1280:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1256:in androids.
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:Roger Penrose
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:Roger Penrose
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:Christof Koch
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1116:Man a Machine
1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1004:
1002:
1000:
995:
994:
988:
985:
976:
974:
968:
966:
962:
958:
957:William Lycan
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
906:
903:
899:
888:
886:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:comprehension
857:
853:
848:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
793:processes of
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:introspection
768:
764:
763:Julian Jaynes
761:perspective,
760:
755:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
724:
718:
715:
704:
699:
695:
693:
689:
685:
684:Consciousness
680:
678:
674:
668:
663:
661:
660:
653:
651:
645:
643:
642:William James
639:
638:introspection
628:
624:
620:
616:
614:
610:
604:
602:
598:
594:
593:introspection
588:
584:
582:
581:William James
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
553:of the mind.
550:
548:
543:
539:
525:
524:consciousness
521:
519:
518:Consciousness
516:
515:
514:
512:
511:
506:
501:
498:
497:
492:
491:
482:
479:
477:
474:
471:
469:
464:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
435:
434:
432:
431:
426:
425:consciousness
421:
419:
415:
414:mental entity
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:consciousness
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
365:
363:
359:
355:
354:consciousness
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
321:
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
294:
290:
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
270:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:
237:
235:
231:
230:conscius sibi
227:
226:
221:
220:Thomas Hobbes
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
200:
196:
192:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:explored by "
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
140:metacognition
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:, of private
109:
108:introspection
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
77:Consciousness
72:
69:
66:, an English
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
13871: /
13867: /
13863: /
13780:Mental image
13775:Mental event
13738:Intelligence
13712:
13688:Chinese room
13534:
13485:Gilbert Ryle
13465:Derek Parfit
13455:Thomas Nagel
13385:Fred Dretske
13305:J. L. Austin
13277:Philosophers
13217:
13203:
13191:
13179:
13074:Oliver Sacks
13044:Muriel Lezak
13039:Edith Kaplan
13009:Phineas Gage
12927:
12885:Neuroanatomy
12693:
12686:
12676:Tao Te Ching
12674:
12657:
12640:
12633:
12611:
12571:Spiritualism
12400:Supplication
12082:Supernatural
12072:Spiritualism
11947:Kevala jnana
11877:Emanationism
11841:
11786:Spirituality
11494:
11366:
11352:
11340:
11333:
11326:
11319:
11307:
11300:
11293:
11286:
11279:
11267:
11212:Subconscious
11172:
11158:Quantum mind
10650:Roger Sperry
10625:Karl Pribram
10573:Neuroscience
10483:Thomas Nagel
10358:Fred Dretske
10333:David Pearce
10308:Colin McGinn
10251:
10179:
10169:at Wikiquote
10157:at Wikibooks
10030:
10023:Moscovitch M
10000:
9978:
9956:
9922:
9900:
9877:
9847:
9812:
9793:
9771:
9738:
9725:
9706:
9697:
9683:
9673:
9664:
9655:
9636:
9630:
9607:
9597:
9578:
9574:
9548:
9539:
9528:. Retrieved
9519:
9515:
9505:
9478:
9474:
9464:
9453:. Retrieved
9438:
9403:
9399:
9390:
9379:. Retrieved
9369:
9363:
9326:(1): 26â31.
9323:
9319:
9303:
9275:
9265:
9246:
9237:
9218:The Mind's I
9217:
9203:
9184:
9178:
9167:. Retrieved
9155:Ada Lovelace
9149:
9129:
9123:
9099:
9091:the original
9085:
9079:
9056:The Mind's I
9055:
9046:
9037:
9018:
9015:Thomas Nagel
9009:
8992:
8988:
8979:
8968:. Retrieved
8918:(1): 80â83.
8915:
8911:
8901:
8893:
8879:
8873:
8863:
8862:
8848:
8842:
8807:
8803:
8793:
8786:abstraction.
8784:
8780:
8774:
8765:
8756:
8737:
8727:
8708:
8694:
8661:
8657:
8651:
8626:
8622:
8615:
8604:the original
8575:
8572:N Engl J Med
8571:
8558:
8531:
8527:
8517:
8484:
8480:
8474:
8441:
8437:
8414:. Retrieved
8410:the original
8399:
8373:
8365:
8357:
8352:
8341:the original
8312:
8309:N Engl J Med
8308:
8295:
8276:
8220:
8214:
8204:
8192:. Retrieved
8173:
8160:
8151:
8145:
8134:. Retrieved
8116:
8096:
8054:
8050:
8044:
8011:
8007:
8001:
7975:
7958:
7942:
7938:
7925:
7913:. Retrieved
7894:
7887:
7876:the original
7847:
7843:
7802:
7798:
7792:
7781:. Retrieved
7772:
7759:
7726:
7722:
7716:
7707:
7703:
7694:
7685:
7679:
7660:
7651:
7606:
7602:
7589:
7578:. Retrieved
7571:the original
7540:
7536:
7523:
7503:
7496:
7485:the original
7456:
7452:
7391:
7387:
7377:
7347:(1): 47â52.
7344:
7340:
7331:
7312:
7263:
7259:
7230:. Elsevier.
7227:
7217:
7196:
7181:
7148:
7144:
7138:
7127:. Retrieved
7113:(13): 1â22.
7110:
7106:
7093:
7066:
7062:
7049:
6998:
6994:
6984:
6947:
6943:
6933:
6922:. Retrieved
6908:
6871:
6867:
6857:
6824:
6820:
6814:
6779:
6775:
6762:
6727:
6723:
6713:
6705:
6700:
6689:. Retrieved
6648:
6644:
6617:. Retrieved
6581:
6577:
6564:
6519:
6466:(2): 41â62.
6463:
6459:
6435:. Retrieved
6399:
6395:
6346:
6342:
6336:
6325:. Retrieved
6282:
6278:
6268:
6260:
6255:
6214:
6210:
6201:
6168:
6164:
6155:
6122:
6118:
6090:
6031:
6027:
5986:
5982:
5976:
5933:
5929:
5915:
5880:
5876:
5870:
5835:
5831:
5821:
5778:
5775:i-Perception
5774:
5750:. Retrieved
5714:
5710:
5687:
5682:
5671:the original
5642:
5638:
5618:
5567:
5563:
5553:
5545:
5540:
5520:
5510:
5478:(12): 1657.
5475:
5471:Scholarpedia
5469:
5459:
5440:
5431:
5398:
5394:
5388:
5347:
5343:
5334:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5261:(5): 28â33.
5258:
5254:
5248:
5215:
5211:
5183:
5168:
5159:
5155:
5146:
5135:. Retrieved
5116:
5103:
5084:
5048:
5044:
5012:
5006:
4987:
4978:
4965:
4946:
4933:
4924:
4906:
4898:
4893:
4874:
4868:
4859:
4855:
4846:
4837:
4833:
4824:
4805:
4780:
4765:
4747:. Retrieved
4732:
4720:. Retrieved
4706:
4696:
4677:
4667:
4634:
4630:
4620:
4601:
4592:
4541:
4537:
4531:
4521:December 25,
4519:. Retrieved
4509:
4503:
4495:
4490:
4471:
4438:
4427:
4407:
4397:
4376:
4365:
4346:
4337:
4318:
4312:
4301:. Retrieved
4286:
4275:. Retrieved
4261:
4242:
4236:
4206:
4189:
4184:
4173:the original
4152:
4148:
4135:
4116:
4107:
4099:the original
4094:
4090:
4077:
4057:
4047:
4036:. Retrieved
4017:
4004:
3984:
3980:Gilbert Ryle
3974:
3942:
3938:
3925:
3914:. Retrieved
3912:. PhilPapers
3904:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3852:
3846:
3834:. Retrieved
3807:
3797:
3778:
3772:
3752:
3707:
3698:
3678:
3671:
3643:
3617:
3604:
3595:
3591:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3524:
3503:
3497:
3488:
3482:
3473:
3455:
3421:
3382:
3379:Edward Craig
3373:
3365:the original
3360:
3355:
3348:
3337:. Retrieved
3327:
3320:
3300:
3293:
3287:(1): 93â121.
3284:
3280:
3267:
3253:
3243:
3233:
3221:. Retrieved
3217:
3208:
3196:. Retrieved
3192:the original
3181:
3162:
3156:
3144:
3141:Paul Tannery
3135:
3110:
3106:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3046:
3039:
3030:
3023:James Ussher
3017:
2993:
2983:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2921:
2905:
2894:. Retrieved
2885:
2881:
2871:
2831:
2827:
2814:
2795:
2767:. Retrieved
2763:
2754:
2735:
2723:
2718:
2705:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2597:
2581:
2573:
2571:
2556:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2480:
2456:
2447:Chinese room
2444:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2385:anticipating
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2363:invented by
2357:Ada Lovelace
2338:
2324:
2321:
2310:
2306:Animal Minds
2305:
2292:
2285:Thomas Nagel
2281:
2272:
2261:Thomas Nagel
2251:
2227:Robyn Fivush
2219:
2182:
2176:
2160:Chronic coma
2133:quadriplegia
2123:Description
2084:chronic coma
2065:
2056:
2036:
2029:
2016:bioethicists
2012:medical coma
2000:neurologists
1997:
1993:
1976:Charles Tart
1973:
1966:
1942:psychedelics
1916:, including
1911:
1907:
1896:
1892:
1863:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1793:
1781:
1772:
1769:
1765:Animal Minds
1764:
1757:
1752:
1740:
1717:
1709:
1687:Karl Friston
1684:
1661:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1598:
1591:
1561:
1554:
1533:
1526:
1522:
1497:
1474:
1458:
1401:
1388:
1375:
1359:
1337:case studies
1326:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1275:
1265:
1258:
1239:
1217:
1172:Karl Pribram
1164:quantum mind
1157:
1129:neuroscience
1120:
1114:
1107:
1070:
1066:pineal gland
1059:
1055:res cogitans
1053:
1043:
1040:
1031:pineal gland
998:
992:
989:
982:
969:
964:
960:
954:
921:
917:
912:
898:Gilbert Ryle
894:
881:
849:
846:
838:anthropology
823:
756:
734:
728:
711:
701:
697:
683:
682:
672:
670:
665:
657:
655:
649:
647:
635:
618:
612:
608:
605:
578:
569:
555:
535:
523:
517:
508:
502:
494:
488:
486:
480:
475:
465:
460:
453:
449:
444:
439:
428:
424:
422:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
391:
368:
361:
357:
353:
351:
340:Encyclopédie
327:
325:
318:
304:
298:
278:
266:
262:
258:
240:
238:
229:
223:
210:
205:
201:
194:
188:
175:mental event
171:mental state
148:
92:philosophers
76:
75:
64:Robert Fludd
60:17th century
51:
13865:information
13856:Metaphysics
13830:Tabula rasa
13640:Physicalism
13625:Parallelism
13553:Behaviorism
13510:Michael Tye
13505:Alan Turing
13490:John Searle
13365:Dharmakirti
13340:Tyler Burge
13335:C. D. Broad
12875:Human brain
12739:Forgiveness
12551:Panentheism
12496:Esotericism
12300:Nonviolence
12285:Monasticism
12275:Ministering
12230:Glossolalia
12185:Channelling
11962:Metaphysics
11927:Inner peace
11892:Eschatology
11537:Prospection
11510:Imagination
11473:Forecasting
11453:Association
10845:Physicalism
10840:Parallelism
10835:Panpsychism
10805:Materialism
10780:Emergentism
10670:Wolf Singer
10539:Kurt Koffka
10468:Philip Goff
10443:Michael Tye
10438:Max Velmans
10418:Karl Popper
10408:John Searle
10393:John Eccles
10378:Georges Rey
9949:Schneider S
9731:Satsangi PS
9661:James Joyce
9396:John Searle
7968:Stickgold R
7595:John Eccles
7055:T.H. Huxley
7024:2066/175365
6827:: 167â178.
6483:2066/228876
6349:: 568â587.
6207:John Eccles
6165:Experientia
6161:J.C. Eccles
6125:(1): 1â33.
5951:2268/171542
4806:Other Minds
4598:John Searle
4190:Sam Harris.
3639:Metzinger T
3588:Max Velmans
2961:C. S. Lewis
2728:G. F. Stout
2563:James Joyce
2547:mindfulness
2451:John Searle
2449:argument",
2407:Turing test
2397:Alan Turing
2210:In children
2183:Anosognosia
2179:anosognosia
2168:Brain death
2096:brain death
2094:. Finally,
2043:neurologist
1984:synesthesia
1749:Karl Popper
1602:(GWT) is a
1412:mirror test
1383:Turing test
1366:Necker cube
1354:Necker cube
1344:Measurement
1095:physicalism
1061:res extensa
834:linguistics
801:, reactive
791:unconscious
714:Max Velmans
410:unconscious
381:defined by
362:experiences
295:philosopher
259:conscientia
242:conscientia
151:wakefulness
116:imagination
100:theologians
68:Paracelsian
13916:Categories
13901:Task Force
13869:perception
13743:Artificial
13693:Creativity
13615:Nondualism
13515:Vasubandhu
13435:John Locke
13405:David Hume
13360:Andy Clark
12999:David Bohm
12963:Perception
12895:Phrenology
12724:Compassion
12670:Sufi texts
12642:Dhammapada
12561:Polytheism
12541:Nondualism
12521:Monotheism
12511:Henotheism
12506:Gnosticism
12430:Veneration
12370:Sahaj marg
12345:Revivalism
12340:Repentance
12310:Pilgrimage
12265:Meditation
12240:Iconolatry
12145:Asceticism
12022:Revelation
11987:Paranormal
11967:Mind's eye
11932:Involution
11887:Epigenesis
11718:Mental set
11597:Peripheral
11547:Perception
11530:strategies
11237:Upanishads
11038:Experience
11003:Blindsight
10830:Nondualism
10711:Max Planck
10691:David Bohm
10507:Psychology
10398:John Locke
10323:David Hume
10266:Philosophy
10215:Philosophy
10115:Audio help
10106:2023-07-30
10027:Thompson E
9997:Thompson E
9897:Mogensen J
9790:Frankish K
9735:Hameroff S
9703:Ken Wilber
9530:2016-12-06
9455:2011-10-26
9381:2012-02-20
9169:2011-09-10
8970:2011-10-25
8136:2011-10-26
7915:27 October
7783:2011-10-26
7710:: 313â321.
7580:2017-10-25
7129:2019-07-05
6924:2019-07-05
6691:2023-05-21
6437:2023-01-17
6327:2022-05-06
5752:2022-03-02
5137:2011-10-31
4901:: NJ: LEA.
4862:: 164â167.
4840:: 322â325.
4749:2011-10-25
4303:2011-10-24
4277:2010-08-22
4038:2011-09-10
3916:2023-12-15
3598:: 139â156.
3456:Psychology
3339:2018-10-23
3247:. Knapton.
3223:August 20,
3198:August 20,
2943:Barfield O
2896:2021-08-19
2746:References
2617:Ken Wilber
2542:mindstream
2468:categorize
2428:technology
2353:homunculus
2242:In animals
2214:See also:
2026:Assessment
1969:meditation
1954:psilocybin
1926:stimulants
1882:meditating
1843:exaptation
1805:adaptation
1416:great apes
1335:), and on
1310:, and the
1178:, and the
1176:David Bohm
1125:psychology
984:Sam Harris
934:introspect
918:phenomenal
830:psychology
799:perception
767:experience
731:experience
703:conscious.
597:experiment
402:perception
387:perception
383:John Locke
375:phenomenon
336:d'Alembert
328:conscience
320:Dictionary
301:John Locke
289:John Locke
239:The Latin
136:perception
128:experience
96:scientists
43:Conscience
13952:Emergence
13765:Intuition
13698:Cognition
13662:Solipsism
13325:Ned Block
13295:Armstrong
13290:Aristotle
12923:Attention
12759:Intuition
12744:Gratitude
12714:Awareness
12556:Pantheism
12531:Mysticism
12526:Monolatry
12440:Wabi-sabi
12435:Vipassana
12385:Shamanism
12375:Sainthood
12360:Sacrifice
12355:Sacrament
12270:Martyrdom
12250:Kinomichi
12205:Entheogen
12150:Astrology
12117:Practices
12027:Salvation
11912:Existence
11852:Cosmology
11847:Cosmogony
11827:Awakening
11812:Afterlife
11693:Intention
11678:Attention
11612:Harmonics
11565:RGB model
11515:Intuition
11485:Foresight
11478:affective
11458:Awareness
11445:Cognition
11252:Yogachara
11187:Sentience
11048:Free will
10988:Awareness
10976:Attention
10865:Solipsism
10580:Anil Seth
10453:Ned Block
10071:hour and
10019:Zelazo PD
9953:Velmans M
9839:233977060
9768:Dehaene S
9575:SAGE Open
9522:: 51â70.
9408:CiteSeerX
9286:0812.4360
8942:169038149
8834:169038149
8810:(1): 74.
8481:Neurology
8194:5 October
7964:Hobson JA
7819:170892645
7545:CiteSeerX
6665:1471-0048
6578:Cognition
6524:CiteSeerX
6500:220529998
6424:242810797
6371:221084519
6299:0028-3878
6279:Neurology
6147:206054149
5983:BioEssays
5885:CiteSeerX
5795:2041-6695
5747:195806018
5731:0959-4388
5594:0036-8075
5380:145295899
4739:"Zombies"
4717:1095-5054
4551:0809.4906
4221:Page 52.
4010:Ned Block
3868:Neurology
3186:Locke J.
3127:218603781
3077:Mnemosyne
2945:(1962) .
2794:(2000) .
2722:From the
2660:Claustrum
2651:Chaitanya
2503:of 1890.
2464:grounding
2399:, titled
2389:available
2373:originate
2345:Pygmalion
2108:grand mal
2062:Disorders
2052:pediatric
1962:serotonin
1950:mescaline
1922:sedatives
1777:reentrant
1672:psychosis
1652:Attention
1648:attention
1646:. In the
1634:In 2011,
1594:Anil Seth
1436:elephants
1224:free will
1046:Descartes
993:Zhuangzi.
914:Ned Block
807:attention
803:awareness
795:cognition
779:Descartes
659:awareness
650:postulate
585:container
579:In 1892,
406:conscious
371:Aristotle
358:functions
225:Leviathan
216:knowledge
185:Etymology
124:cognition
88:existence
81:awareness
71:physician
13977:Ontology
13886:Category
13733:Identity
13676:Concepts
13546:Theories
13530:Zhuangzi
13460:Alva Noë
13181:Category
12968:Planning
12943:Learning
12789:Patience
12764:Kindness
12695:Zhuangzi
12566:Religion
12546:Pandeism
12486:Darshana
12305:Pacifism
12290:Muraqaba
12280:Miracles
12215:Exorcism
12210:Epiphany
12190:Chanting
12180:Celibacy
12175:Blessing
12135:Altruism
12052:Shunyata
12002:Prophecy
11902:Eternity
11805:Concepts
11733:Volition
11723:Thinking
11703:Learning
11652:Encoding
11387:Category
11123:Ontology
11078:Illusion
10795:Idealism
10744:Theories
10203:Medicine
10117: ·
9999:(2014).
9977:(2021).
9921:(2012).
9876:(2019).
9792:(2021).
9770:(2014).
9705:(2002).
9681:(1905).
9663:(1990).
9547:(1890).
9524:Archived
9497:12613670
9449:Archived
9430:55303721
9375:Archived
9352:Archived
9311:(1990).
9273:(2009).
9245:(1997).
9215:(1985).
9163:Archived
9112:Archived
9053:(eds.).
8964:Archived
8934:31142189
8826:31142189
8736:(eds.).
8707:(eds.).
8686:40751848
8678:19809315
8643:21112421
8600:13358991
8592:20130250
8550:19710182
8509:30959964
8501:20554939
8466:13550675
8458:16616561
8416:March 2,
8257:20824211
8216:PLOS One
8188:Archived
8168:(2001).
8130:Archived
8079:24473529
8071:18522873
8036:28276470
8028:18086461
7990:Archived
7970:(2003).
7947:Archived
7864:15631555
7777:Archived
7767:(2002).
7743:18164042
7659:(1993).
7597:(1992).
7567:16484193
7473:16262477
7428:16818879
7361:11849615
7311:(2001).
7292:24109460
7193:(1977).
7123:Archived
7101:(1879).
7099:W. James
7057:(1874).
7033:28554611
6976:27624312
6918:Archived
6900:24550805
6841:29548884
6806:31221820
6754:22121395
6685:Archived
6681:21347087
6673:27225071
6610:Archived
6598:11164022
6556:16186014
6492:32663056
6428:Archived
6416:35505255
6363:32783969
6321:Archived
6317:27815400
6247:23188208
6193:35174442
6139:11250060
6089:(2000).
6003:16108067
5960:23946194
5907:12522199
5862:16732916
5854:17178409
5813:32782769
5739:31271931
5717:: 1â10.
5667:13960489
5659:12555104
5630:(2003).
5610:34728448
5602:24763592
5518:(2002).
5502:34682132
5439:(2004).
5423:13323524
5415:19716185
5318:19020512
5283:29565878
5232:17992078
5176:(1996).
5162:: 19â30.
5131:Archived
5111:(1992).
5067:16900839
4986:(1993).
4916:Archived
4914:. 2021.
4743:Archived
4659:35617922
4637:: 8â14.
4600:(1997).
4584:23336691
4576:20866851
4515:Archived
4470:(2004).
4435:(1991).
4405:(1999).
4373:(1993).
4297:Archived
4271:Archived
4226:Archived
4215:Archived
4196:Archived
4169:41023484
4115:(1996).
4085:(1995).
4055:(2004).
4032:Archived
4012:(1998).
3982:(1949).
3963:Archived
3896:32561349
3888:17242341
3836:7 August
3830:Archived
3563:: 19â44.
3418:(1976).
3416:Jaynes J
3333:Archived
3309:Archived
3241:(1756).
3143:(eds.),
3029:(1613).
2991:(1904).
2926:Archived
2913:(2012).
2911:Hacker P
2890:Archived
2860:Archived
2856:10241157
2848:14656513
2792:Jaynes J
2666:Habenula
2638:See also
2341:artifact
2276:pictured
2120:Disorder
2104:delirium
2100:dementia
2014:. Also,
1936:such as
1930:cannabis
1903:dreaming
1728:Automata
1636:Graziano
1559:humans.
1320:and the
1099:idealism
938:remember
930:perceive
864:delirium
852:medicine
811:learning
797:such as
688:feelings
542:metaphor
468:feelings
323:(1755).
202:conscius
155:selfhood
120:volition
85:external
13896:Project
13849:Related
13708:Concept
13563:Dualism
13536:more...
13395:Goldman
13193:Commons
12978:Thought
12918:Arousal
12749:Honesty
12729:Empathy
12719:Charity
12706:Virtues
12659:I Ching
12596:Vedanta
12536:New Age
12476:Advaita
12450:Worship
12420:Tithing
12415:Theosis
12410:Tai chi
12365:SÄdhanÄ
12320:Qawwali
12225:Fasting
12037:Satguru
12032:Samadhi
12012:Reality
11982:Nirvana
11657:Storage
11525:methods
11397:Commons
11174:Purusha
11163:Reentry
10956:Agnosia
10879:Science
10259:Figures
10189:Portals
10104: (
10075:minutes
9919:Prinz J
9665:Ulysses
9348:2294583
9328:Bibcode
9291:Bibcode
9061:403â414
8337:5112573
8329:8164698
8248:2930851
8225:Bibcode
7872:6909813
7751:7791431
7643:1502142
7611:Bibcode
7481:2298524
7419:1487169
7396:Bibcode
7369:6386902
7283:3790330
7266:: 667.
7173:9299304
7153:Bibcode
7071:Bibcode
7041:4476538
7003:Bibcode
6967:5004455
6950:: 423.
6891:3909994
6849:4483591
6797:6588209
6745:3223025
6619:5 April
6606:1762431
6308:5177681
6239:2165613
6219:Bibcode
6185:7151952
6064:4262990
6056:7753166
6036:Bibcode
5968:8686961
5804:7401056
5572:Bibcode
5564:Science
5480:Bibcode
5372:4982211
5352:Bibcode
5344:Science
5326:1495720
5263:Bibcode
5240:7097163
4722:May 26,
4639:Bibcode
4556:Bibcode
3959:2444730
3635:Frith C
3151:(1908).
2769:June 4,
2713:, 1948.
2575:Ulysses
2460:robotic
1918:alcohol
1856:Edelman
1852:Chomsky
1813:fitness
1428:pigeons
1329:priming
1203:led by
1074:dualist
868:stimuli
856:arousal
757:From a
723:Velmans
538:geology
379:concept
332:Diderot
132:feeling
112:thought
13840:Zombie
13825:Qualia
12987:People
12948:Memory
12848:Topics
12799:Wisdom
12586:Theism
12581:Taoism
12576:Sufism
12395:Simran
12350:Ritual
12325:Qigong
12315:Prayer
12260:Mantra
12170:Bhakti
12165:Bhajan
12130:Aikido
12125:Ahimsa
12097:Tatvas
12062:Spirit
12042:Satori
11977:Nature
11972:Moksha
11867:Dharma
11837:Chakra
11662:Recall
11639:Memory
11629:Visual
11622:Speech
11602:Social
11582:Haptic
11555:Amodal
11321:Psyche
11168:Sakshi
11153:Qualia
10949:Topics
10815:Monism
10679:Others
10045:
10007:
9985:
9975:Seth A
9963:
9937:
9907:
9884:
9874:Koch C
9862:
9837:
9827:
9800:
9778:
9745:
9713:
9643:
9618:
9495:
9428:
9410:
9346:
9253:
9225:
9191:
9136:
9067:
9025:
8940:
8932:
8886:
8855:
8832:
8824:
8744:
8715:
8684:
8676:
8641:
8598:
8590:
8548:
8507:
8499:
8464:
8456:
8438:Lancet
8386:
8356:Koch,
8335:
8327:
8283:
8255:
8245:
8180:
8166:Tart C
8104:
8077:
8069:
8034:
8026:
7982:
7939:Psyche
7906:
7870:
7862:
7817:
7749:
7741:
7667:
7641:
7631:
7565:
7547:
7511:
7479:
7471:
7426:
7416:
7367:
7359:
7319:
7290:
7280:
7234:
7205:
7171:
7039:
7031:
6974:
6964:
6898:
6888:
6874:: 20.
6847:
6839:
6804:
6794:
6752:
6742:
6679:
6671:
6663:
6604:
6596:
6554:
6544:
6526:
6498:
6490:
6422:
6414:
6369:
6361:
6315:
6305:
6297:
6245:
6237:
6191:
6183:
6145:
6137:
6097:
6062:
6054:
6028:Nature
6001:
5966:
5958:
5905:
5887:
5860:
5852:
5832:Neuron
5811:
5801:
5793:
5745:
5737:
5729:
5686:Koch,
5665:
5657:
5608:
5600:
5592:
5544:Koch,
5528:
5500:
5447:
5421:
5413:
5378:
5370:
5324:
5316:
5281:
5238:
5230:
5190:
5123:
5091:
5065:
5019:
4994:
4953:
4881:
4812:
4787:
4715:
4684:
4657:
4608:
4582:
4574:
4478:
4447:
4415:
4385:
4353:
4325:
4249:
4167:
4123:
4065:
4024:
3992:
3957:
3894:
3886:
3822:
3785:
3760:
3722:
3704:Seth A
3686:
3659:
3531:
3430:
3389:
3169:
3125:
3058:
3005:
2971:
2854:
2846:
2802:
2684:Sakshi
2381:follow
2187:stroke
1858:, and
1848:Pinker
1803:as an
1582:Models
1549:Eccles
1545:Tononi
1434:, and
1307:Psyche
1091:monism
1078:monist
1035:spirit
973:zombie
926:qualia
922:access
817:, and
785:, and
505:jargon
247:Cicero
167:stream
118:, and
98:, and
13748:Human
13470:Plato
13390:Fodor
13099:Tests
13089:K. C.
13084:H. M.
12779:MettÄ
12774:Mercy
12734:Faith
12682:Torah
12665:Quran
12624:Bible
12605:Texts
12491:Deism
12460:Zazen
12200:Dhikr
12047:Shabd
11942:Karma
11937:Jihad
11862:Deity
11832:Bodhi
11822:Atman
11671:Other
11617:Pitch
11607:Sound
11586:Touch
11572:Depth
11560:Color
11261:Works
11008:Brain
9835:S2CID
9612:81â92
9426:S2CID
9355:(PDF)
9316:(PDF)
9281:arXiv
9115:(PDF)
9108:(PDF)
8938:S2CID
8830:S2CID
8682:S2CID
8607:(PDF)
8596:S2CID
8568:(PDF)
8528:Brain
8505:S2CID
8462:S2CID
8380:74â75
8344:(PDF)
8333:S2CID
8305:(PDF)
8126:(PDF)
8075:S2CID
8032:S2CID
7993:(PDF)
7950:(PDF)
7935:(PDF)
7879:(PDF)
7868:S2CID
7840:(PDF)
7815:S2CID
7747:S2CID
7634:49701
7574:(PDF)
7563:S2CID
7533:(PDF)
7488:(PDF)
7477:S2CID
7449:(PDF)
7365:S2CID
7037:S2CID
6845:S2CID
6677:S2CID
6613:(PDF)
6602:S2CID
6574:(PDF)
6496:S2CID
6431:(PDF)
6420:S2CID
6392:(PDF)
6367:S2CID
6243:S2CID
6189:S2CID
6143:S2CID
6060:S2CID
5964:S2CID
5858:S2CID
5743:S2CID
5674:(PDF)
5663:S2CID
5635:(PDF)
5606:S2CID
5498:S2CID
5419:S2CID
5376:S2CID
5322:S2CID
5236:S2CID
4580:S2CID
4546:arXiv
4176:(PDF)
4165:S2CID
4145:(PDF)
3966:(PDF)
3955:S2CID
3935:(PDF)
3892:S2CID
3614:(PDF)
3312:(PDF)
3305:(PDF)
3277:(PDF)
3123:S2CID
2929:(PDF)
2918:(PDF)
2863:(PDF)
2852:S2CID
2824:(PDF)
2698:Notes
2349:Golem
1899:sleep
1860:Luria
1809:trait
1537:Crick
1493:gamma
1424:orcas
909:Types
783:Locke
275:gloss
251:moral
199:Latin
177:, or
142:, or
134:, or
13873:self
13810:Pain
13800:Mind
13728:Idea
12769:Love
12754:Hope
12455:Yoga
12245:Japa
12235:Hymn
12107:Yuga
12102:Yana
12057:Soul
11922:Guru
11872:Ekam
11577:Form
11202:Soul
11098:Mind
10142:and
10043:ISBN
10005:ISBN
9983:ISBN
9961:ISBN
9935:ISBN
9905:ISBN
9882:ISBN
9860:ISBN
9825:ISBN
9798:ISBN
9776:ISBN
9743:ISBN
9711:ISBN
9641:ISBN
9616:ISBN
9493:PMID
9344:PMID
9251:ISBN
9223:ISBN
9189:ISBN
9134:ISBN
9065:ISBN
9023:ISBN
8930:PMID
8884:ISBN
8853:ISBN
8822:PMID
8742:ISBN
8713:ISBN
8674:PMID
8639:PMID
8588:PMID
8546:PMID
8497:PMID
8454:PMID
8418:2022
8384:ISBN
8325:PMID
8281:ISBN
8253:PMID
8196:2011
8178:ISBN
8102:ISBN
8067:PMID
8024:PMID
7980:ISBN
7943:16â2
7917:2020
7904:ISBN
7860:PMID
7739:PMID
7665:ISBN
7639:PMID
7509:ISBN
7469:PMID
7424:PMID
7357:PMID
7317:ISBN
7288:PMID
7232:ISBN
7203:ISBN
7169:PMID
7107:Mind
7029:PMID
6972:PMID
6896:PMID
6837:PMID
6802:PMID
6750:PMID
6669:PMID
6661:ISSN
6621:2019
6594:PMID
6552:PMID
6542:ISBN
6488:PMID
6412:PMID
6359:PMID
6313:PMID
6295:ISSN
6235:PMID
6181:PMID
6135:PMID
6095:ISBN
6085:and
6052:PMID
6022:and
5999:PMID
5956:PMID
5903:PMID
5850:PMID
5809:PMID
5791:ISSN
5735:PMID
5727:ISSN
5655:PMID
5598:PMID
5590:ISSN
5526:ISBN
5445:ISBN
5411:PMID
5368:PMID
5314:PMID
5279:PMID
5228:PMID
5188:ISBN
5121:ISBN
5089:ISBN
5063:PMID
5017:ISBN
4992:ISBN
4951:ISBN
4879:ISBN
4810:ISBN
4785:ISBN
4724:2015
4713:ISSN
4682:ISBN
4655:PMID
4606:ISBN
4572:PMID
4523:2011
4476:ISBN
4445:ISBN
4413:ISBN
4383:ISBN
4351:ISBN
4323:ISBN
4247:ISBN
4121:ISBN
4063:ISBN
4022:ISBN
3990:ISBN
3884:PMID
3838:2022
3820:ISBN
3783:ISBN
3758:ISBN
3720:ISBN
3684:ISBN
3657:ISBN
3529:ISBN
3428:ISBN
3387:ISBN
3301:Mind
3225:2010
3200:2010
3167:ISBN
3056:ISBN
3003:ISBN
2969:ISBN
2844:PMID
2800:ISBN
2771:2012
2630:and
2565:and
2474:and
2225:and
2135:and
2110:and
2102:and
2074:and
2002:and
1938:MDMA
1901:and
1615:and
1564:coma
1541:Koch
1539:and
1470:fMRI
1468:and
1352:The
1211:and
1186:and
1174:and
1135:and
1127:and
1093:are
999:peng
885:Kant
836:and
824:The
805:and
787:Hume
611:and
595:and
589:know
487:The
408:and
400:and
360:and
334:and
211:scio
206:con-
159:soul
104:mind
34:and
12092:Tao
11917:God
10035:doi
9927:doi
9852:doi
9817:doi
9691:â2.
9583:doi
9483:doi
9418:doi
9336:doi
9324:262
8997:doi
8920:doi
8916:123
8812:doi
8808:123
8666:doi
8631:doi
8580:doi
8576:362
8536:doi
8532:132
8489:doi
8446:doi
8442:367
8317:doi
8313:330
8243:PMC
8233:doi
8059:doi
8016:doi
7900:190
7852:doi
7848:131
7807:doi
7731:doi
7629:PMC
7619:doi
7555:doi
7461:doi
7457:112
7414:PMC
7404:doi
7392:103
7349:doi
7278:PMC
7268:doi
7161:doi
7149:187
7115:doi
7079:doi
7019:hdl
7011:doi
6999:428
6962:PMC
6952:doi
6886:PMC
6876:doi
6829:doi
6825:142
6792:PMC
6784:doi
6740:PMC
6732:doi
6653:doi
6586:doi
6534:doi
6478:hdl
6468:doi
6404:doi
6351:doi
6347:118
6303:PMC
6287:doi
6227:doi
6215:240
6173:doi
6127:doi
6044:doi
6032:375
5991:doi
5946:hdl
5938:doi
5895:doi
5840:doi
5799:PMC
5783:doi
5719:doi
5647:doi
5580:doi
5568:344
5488:doi
5403:doi
5360:doi
5348:167
5306:doi
5271:doi
5259:317
5220:doi
5053:doi
4647:doi
4564:doi
4157:doi
3947:doi
3943:151
3876:doi
3812:doi
3712:doi
3649:doi
3149:524
3147:X,
3115:doi
3085:doi
3052:176
2836:doi
2293:for
2269:bat
2265:bat
1946:LSD
1466:EEG
1170:of
1025:by
850:In
719:all
427:in
416:or
377:or
338:'s
222:in
157:or
62:by
45:or
13918::
12007:Qi
10073:17
10041:.
10025:,
10021:,
9951:,
9933:.
9858:.
9833:.
9823:.
9733:,
9614:.
9577:.
9573:.
9557:^
9520:35
9518:.
9514:.
9491:.
9477:.
9473:.
9424:.
9416:.
9402:.
9350:.
9342:.
9334:.
9322:.
9318:.
9289:.
9279:.
9211:,
9161:.
9157:.
9110:.
9063:.
8993:77
8991:.
8950:^
8936:.
8928:.
8914:.
8910:.
8892:.
8861:.
8828:.
8820:.
8806:.
8802:.
8680:.
8672:.
8662:22
8660:.
8637:.
8627:91
8625:.
8594:.
8586:.
8574:.
8570:.
8544:.
8530:.
8526:.
8503:.
8495:.
8485:75
8483:.
8460:.
8452:.
8440:.
8426:^
8382:.
8331:.
8323:.
8311:.
8307:.
8265:^
8251:.
8241:.
8231:.
8219:.
8213:.
8186:.
8172:.
8087:^
8073:.
8065:.
8055:13
8053:.
8030:.
8022:.
8012:12
8010:.
7988:.
7945:.
7941:.
7937:.
7902:.
7866:.
7858:.
7846:.
7842:.
7827:^
7813:.
7801:.
7745:.
7737:.
7727:46
7725:.
7706:.
7637:.
7627:.
7617:.
7607:89
7605:.
7601:.
7561:.
7553:.
7541:67
7539:.
7535:.
7475:.
7467:.
7455:.
7451:.
7436:^
7422:.
7412:.
7402:.
7390:.
7386:.
7363:.
7355:.
7343:.
7300:^
7286:.
7276:.
7262:.
7258:.
7246:^
7189:,
7167:.
7159:.
7147:.
7121:.
7109:.
7105:.
7077:.
7067:16
7065:.
7061:.
7035:.
7027:.
7017:.
7009:.
6997:.
6993:.
6970:.
6960:.
6948:10
6946:.
6942:.
6894:.
6884:.
6870:.
6866:.
6843:.
6835:.
6823:.
6800:.
6790:.
6780:71
6778:.
6774:.
6748:.
6738:.
6726:.
6722:.
6683:.
6675:.
6667:.
6659:.
6649:17
6647:.
6643:.
6629:^
6608:.
6600:.
6592:.
6582:79
6580:.
6576:.
6550:.
6540:.
6532:.
6508:^
6494:.
6486:.
6476:.
6464:12
6462:.
6458:.
6446:^
6426:.
6418:.
6410:.
6400:23
6398:.
6394:.
6379:^
6365:.
6357:.
6345:.
6319:.
6311:.
6301:.
6293:.
6283:87
6281:.
6277:.
6241:.
6233:.
6225:.
6213:.
6187:.
6179:.
6169:38
6167:.
6141:.
6133:.
6123:64
6121:.
6109:^
6072:^
6058:.
6050:.
6042:.
6030:.
6011:^
5997:.
5987:27
5985:.
5962:.
5954:.
5944:.
5932:.
5928:.
5901:.
5893:.
5881:89
5879:.
5856:.
5848:.
5836:52
5834:.
5830:.
5807:.
5797:.
5789:.
5779:11
5777:.
5773:.
5761:^
5741:.
5733:.
5725:.
5715:58
5709:.
5695:^
5661:.
5653:.
5641:.
5637:.
5626:,
5604:.
5596:.
5588:.
5578:.
5566:.
5562:.
5496:.
5486:.
5474:.
5468:.
5417:.
5409:.
5399:32
5397:.
5374:.
5366:.
5358:.
5346:.
5320:.
5312:.
5300:.
5277:.
5269:.
5257:.
5234:.
5226:.
5216:20
5214:.
5202:^
5182:.
5160:10
5158:.
5129:.
5075:^
5061:.
5049:68
5047:.
5043:.
5031:^
4858:.
4836:.
4796:^
4773:^
4758:^
4705:.
4676:.
4653:.
4645:.
4635:42
4633:.
4629:.
4578:.
4570:.
4562:.
4554:.
4542:82
4540:.
4459:^
4163:.
4153:18
4151:.
4147:.
4093:.
4089:.
4030:.
3961:.
3953:.
3941:.
3937:.
3890:.
3882:.
3872:68
3870:.
3828:.
3818:.
3806:.
3734:^
3718:.
3655:.
3637:,
3626:^
3616:.
3596:16
3594:.
3569:^
3559:.
3543:^
3512:^
3464:^
3442:^
3401:^
3359:.
3283:.
3279:.
3216:.
3121:.
3111:15
3109:.
3097:^
3081:22
3079:.
3054:.
3025:,
3001:.
2999:39
2920:.
2886:10
2884:.
2880:.
2858:.
2850:.
2842:.
2832:12
2830:.
2826:.
2779:^
2762:.
2634:.
2478:.
2430:.
2278:).
2139:.
2086:.
1956:,
1952:,
1948:,
1944:.
1932:,
1928:,
1854:,
1850:,
1839:O*
1755:.
1722:.
1702:.
1619:.
1430:,
1426:,
1422:,
1418:,
1324:.
1304:,
1300:,
1266:do
1155:.
1068:.
965:of
952:.
874:.
832:,
821:.
813:,
781:,
754:.
615::
576:.
389:.
277::
173:,
130:,
126:,
114:,
94:,
13261:e
13254:t
13247:v
12833:e
12826:t
12819:v
11767:e
11760:t
11753:v
11588:)
11584:(
11431:e
11424:t
11417:v
11363:"
11359:"
10244:e
10237:t
10230:v
10191::
10121:)
10113:(
10108:)
10077:)
10069:1
10066:(
10051:.
10037::
10013:.
9991:.
9969:.
9943:.
9929::
9913:.
9890:.
9868:.
9854::
9841:.
9819::
9806:.
9784:.
9751:.
9719:.
9689:1
9649:.
9624:.
9591:.
9585::
9579:5
9533:.
9499:.
9485::
9479:9
9458:.
9432:.
9420::
9404:3
9384:.
9338::
9330::
9297:.
9293::
9283::
9259:.
9231:.
9197:.
9172:.
9142:.
9073:.
9031:.
9003:.
8999::
8973:.
8944:.
8922::
8836:.
8814::
8750:.
8721:.
8688:.
8668::
8645:.
8633::
8582::
8552:.
8538::
8511:.
8491::
8468:.
8448::
8420:.
8392:.
8319::
8289:.
8259:.
8235::
8227::
8221:5
8198:.
8139:.
8110:.
8081:.
8061::
8038:.
8018::
7919:.
7854::
7821:.
7809::
7803:1
7786:.
7753:.
7733::
7708:2
7673:.
7645:.
7621::
7613::
7583:.
7557::
7517:.
7463::
7430:.
7406::
7398::
7371:.
7351::
7345:6
7325:.
7294:.
7270::
7264:4
7240:.
7211:.
7175:.
7163::
7155::
7132:.
7117::
7111:4
7087:.
7081::
7073::
7043:.
7021::
7013::
7005::
6978:.
6954::
6927:.
6902:.
6878::
6872:8
6851:.
6831::
6808:.
6786::
6756:.
6734::
6728:2
6694:.
6655::
6623:.
6588::
6558:.
6536::
6502:.
6480::
6470::
6440:.
6406::
6373:.
6353::
6330:.
6289::
6249:.
6229::
6221::
6195:.
6175::
6149:.
6129::
6103:.
6066:.
6046::
6038::
6005:.
5993::
5970:.
5948::
5940::
5934:5
5909:.
5897::
5864:.
5842::
5815:.
5785::
5755:.
5721::
5649::
5643:6
5612:.
5582::
5574::
5534:.
5504:.
5490::
5482::
5476:2
5453:.
5425:.
5405::
5382:.
5362::
5354::
5328:.
5308::
5302:9
5285:.
5273::
5265::
5242:.
5222::
5196:.
5140:.
5097:.
5069:.
5055::
5025:.
5000:.
4959:.
4887:.
4860:1
4838:2
4818:.
4791:.
4752:.
4726:.
4690:.
4661:.
4649::
4641::
4614:.
4586:.
4566::
4558::
4548::
4525:.
4484:.
4453:.
4421:.
4391:.
4359:.
4331:.
4306:.
4280:.
4255:.
4159::
4129:.
4095:2
4071:.
4041:.
3998:.
3949::
3919:.
3898:.
3878::
3840:.
3814::
3791:.
3766:.
3728:.
3714::
3692:.
3665:.
3651::
3620:.
3561:8
3537:.
3436:.
3395:.
3342:.
3285:8
3227:.
3202:.
3175:.
3129:.
3117::
3091:.
3087::
3064:.
3011:.
2977:.
2899:.
2838::
2808:.
2773:.
1835:O
1831:F
1282:'
1119:(
1037:.
1001:锏
971:"
265:(
204:(
49:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
