Sicilian Mafia - Knowledge

863:, leader of the Palermo National Guard, wrote of a "sect of thieves" that operated throughout Sicily. This "sect" was mostly rural, composed of cattle thieves, smugglers, wealthy farmers, and their guards. The sect made "affiliates every day of the brightest young people coming from the rural class, of the guardians of the fields in the Palermitan countryside, and of the large number of smugglers; a sect which gives and receives protection to and from certain men who make a living on traffic and internal commerce. It is a sect with little or no fear of public bodies, because its members believe that they can easily elude this." It had special signals for members to recognize each other, offered protection services, scorned the law, and had a code of loyalty and non-interaction with the police known as 626:

adequate protection to merchants from property crime, fraud, and breaches of contract. Gambetta wrote that Sicily (in the early 1990s) had "no clear property rights legislation or administrative or financial codes of practice", and that its court system was "appalling" in its inefficiency. Gambetta recommended that the government liberalize the drug market and abolish price-fixing of cigarettes so as to move these commodities out of the black market; to increase transparency in public contracting so that there can be no rigging, which mafiosi usually arbitrate; and redesign the voting process to make it harder to buy votes. Fixing these problems would reduce the demand for mafioso intervention in political and economic affairs.

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other. The seller might supply rotting meat, or the purchaser might refuse to pay. The mistrust and fear of being cheated with no recourse might prevent these two agents from making a profitable transaction. To guarantee each other's honesty, the two parties can ask the local mafia clan to oversee the transaction. In exchange for a commission, the mafioso promises to both the buyer and seller that if either of them tries to cheat the other, the cheater can expect to be assaulted or have his property vandalized. Such is the mafioso's reputation for viciousness, impartiality, and reliability that neither the buyer nor the seller would consider cheating with him overseeing the deal. The transaction thus proceeds smoothly.

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lack of cooperation and healthy competition among the locals. The Mafia may provide a sense of security to those who pay it for protection, but the Mafia actually increases the general amount of distrust in Sicilian society. Those who are under mafia protection have an incentive to cheat those who are not under protection. The Mafia fosters crime by making it safer for criminals to engage in illegal dealings with each other (criminals are the Mafia's most important clients because they can't get protection from the legal system). And since mafiosi charge fees for their services, they increase transaction costs, which in turn leads to a higher cost of living for average Sicilians.

883: 687:...with the word Mafia, the Sicilians intend to express two things, two social phenomena, that can be analyzed in separate ways even though they are closely related. The Mafia, or rather the essence of the Mafia, is a way of thinking that requires a certain line of conduct such as maintaining one's pride or even bullying in a given situation. On the other hand, the same word in Sicily can also indicate, not a special organization, but the combination of many small organizations, that pursue various goals, in the course of which its members almost always do things that are basically illegal and sometimes even criminal. 3006:: "The mafia's principal activities are settling disputes among other criminals, protecting them against each other's cheating, and organizing and overseeing illicit agreements, often involving many agents, such as illicit cartel agreements in otherwise legal industries. Mafia-like groups offer a solution of sorts to the trust problem by playing the role of a government for the underworld and supplying protection to people involved in illegal markets ordeals. They may play that role poorly, sometimes veering toward extortion rather than genuine protection, but they do play it." 1724: 823:

the new authorities were not up to the task, largely due to clashes between official law and local customs. Lack of manpower was also a problem; there were often fewer than 350 active policemen for the entire island. Some towns did not have any permanent police force, and were only visited every few months by some troops to collect malcontents, leaving criminals to operate with impunity in the interim. Compounding these problems was banditry. Rising food prices, the loss of public and church lands, and the loss of feudal

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counterfeiting, kidnappings for ransom, murder, robbery, and witness intimidation. The Mafia also maintained funds to support the families of imprisoned members and pay defense lawyers. In an attempt to annihilate the Mafia, Italian troops arrested 64 people of Palermo in February 1898. The trial began in May 1901, but after one month, only 32 defendants were found guilty of starting a criminal association and, taking into account the time already spent in prison, many were released the next day.

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be unpredictable not to mention bloody, and neither racketeer could guarantee a victory for their client. This would make their protection unreliable and of little value. Their clients might dismiss them and settle the dispute by other means, and their reputations would suffer. To prevent this, mafia clans negotiate territories in which they can monopolize the use of violence in settling disputes. This is not always done peacefully, and disputes over territory are at the root of most Mafia wars.

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for larger firms. The pizzo is thus a sort of regressive taxation that hurts small businesses more. This presents a barrier to entry for entrepreneurs in Sicily and makes it difficult for small businesses to reinvest in themselves since the pizzo takes a disproportionately larger share of their profits. This in turn results in oligopolistic markets, where a few large firms dominate, selling low-quality products at high prices. Mafia extortion thus mires the Sicilian economy in a poverty trap.

840: 713:(Mafia Business), summarised the dominant way of looking at the mafia up to that point by writing, “Social research into the question of the mafia has probably now reached the point where we can say that the mafia, as the term is commonly understood, does not exist”. Arlacchi contested that view, and stressed the economical aspects of the Mafia as a criminal organization. The Mafia was seen as an enterprise, and its economic activities became the focus of academic analyses. 848:

elites were more cohesive and active during the transition from feudalism to capitalism. They maintained their large stables of enforcers and were able to absorb or suppress any emerging violent groups. Furthermore, the land in the east was generally divided into a smaller number of large estates so that there were fewer landowners, and their large estates often required its guardians to patrol it full-time. The owners of such estates needed to hire full-time guardians.

2160:). Since new members cannot sign membership contracts, the initiation of a new member is instead done in a ceremony with witnesses, and the initiate performs a specific series of bizarre actions so that there is no ambiguity as to what is being granted. Likewise, since mafiosi cannot introduce themselves to each other by presenting membership cards, they must ask a third mafioso who knows them both to introduce them to each other and vouch that they are both members. 9573: 1195:, to handle the heroin. When the shipment arrived in the United States, however, the American buyers claimed that some heroin was missing, and paid Di Pisa a commensurately lower sum. Di Pisa accused the Americans of defrauding him, while the La Barberas accused Di Pisa of embezzling the missing heroin. The Sicilian Mafia Commission sided with Di Pisa, and the La Barberas were outraged. The La Barberas murdered Di Pisa and Manzella, triggering a war. 926:, Sicily's most valuable export commodity. The combination of a weak state and a lootable natural resource made the sulfur-rich parts of Sicily vulnerable to the emergence of mafia-type organizations. A valuable natural resource in areas where law enforcement is weak or absent creates a demand for private protection (which mafia-type organizations can supply) and opportunities for extortion (also by mafia-type organizations). A 2017 study in the 9957: 2422: 1326: 1273: 2463:

possible conflict. Ideally, the successor to the boss will have built a strong reputation of his own as he worked his way up the ranks, giving the clan a reputable new leader. In this way, established Mafia clans have a powerful edge over newcomers who start from scratch; joining a clan as a soldier offers an aspiring mafioso a chance to build up his own reputation under the guidance and protection of senior mafiosi.

2475: 9947: 1507: 1352:. In 1999, the Italian court of appeal held that Andreotti "had, not without personal advantages, knowingly and deliberately nurtured a stable relationship with the criminal organization, contributing to its strength by manifesting his availability to favor its members"; however, the court did not convict Andreotti due to the statute of limitations, which had been reached at the time of the ruling. 1322:, they also waged a campaign of murder against journalists, officials, and policemen who dared to cross them. The police were frustrated with the lack of help that they were receiving from witnesses and politicians. At the funeral of a policeman murdered by mafiosi in 1985, policemen insulted and spat at two attending politicians, and a fight broke out between them and military police. 2011:. In 1976, he was invited to a "banquet" at a country house. He was brought into a room where several mafiosi were sitting around a table upon which sat a pistol, a dagger, and a piece of paper bearing the image of a saint. They questioned his commitment and his feelings regarding criminality and murder (despite his already having a history of such acts). When he affirmed himself, 2408:, either by members or freelance criminals within their domains. Mafiosi are generally forbidden from committing theft (burglary, mugging, etc.). Kidnapping is also generally forbidden, even by non-mafiosi, as it attracts a great deal of public hostility and police attention. These rules have been violated from time to time, both with and without the permission of senior mafiosi. 2027:

bizarre, and painful so that the event is both memorable and unambiguous, and the ceremony is witnessed by a number of senior mafiosi. The participants may not even care about what the symbols mean, and they may indeed have no intrinsic meaning. The real point of the ritual is to leave no doubt about the mafioso's new status so that it cannot be denied or revoked on a whim.

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total of 117 suspects were tried in 1968, but most were acquitted or received light sentences. The inactivity, plus money lost to legal fees and so forth, reduced most mafiosi to poverty. The Mafia families in Palermo were particularly hit hard, and ceased activity altogether in that city for a few years until the conclusion of the trials in 1968 allowed them to reorganize.

1151:. Many buildings were illegally constructed before the city's planning was finalized. Mafiosi scared off anyone who dared to question the illegal building. The result of this unregulated building was the demolition of many historic buildings and the erection of apartment blocks, many of which were not up to standard. 662:, the term 'mafia' simply embodied an attitude, a mentality deeply rooted in the island's popular culture; an expression of the local traditional society's fundamental rejection of the foreign invaders who had ruled Sicily for centuries. "Mafia" was a "way of being", according to a definition by Pitrè: 2259:

Mafiosi sometimes protect businesspeople from competitors by threatening their competitors with violence. If two businesspeople are competing for a government contract, the protected can ask their mafioso friends to bully their rival out of the bidding process. In another example, a mafioso acting on

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It is a misconception that the Mafia extorts clients by only offering "protection" from its own violence. While the Mafia often coerces people into buying protection, it usually provides it. In fact, many clients, particularly criminals, actively seek Mafia protection. This is one of the main reasons

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arbitrates disputes between criminals, organizes and oversees illicit business deals, and protects businessmen and criminals from cheats, thieves, and vandals. This aspect of the Mafia is often overlooked in the media because, unlike drug dealing and extortion, it is often not reported to the police.

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These rules are not to touch the women of other men of honor; not to steal from other men of honor or, in general, from anyone; not to exploit prostitution; not to kill other men of honor unless strictly necessary; to avoid passing information to the police; not to quarrel with other men of honor; to

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officers were arrested for involvement in the drug trade and large-scale extortion. Altogether 37 people were arrested and over 600 officers were deployed. €11 million ($ 12 million) in real estate and goods were seized by police. A business owner was forced to pay €180,000 ($ 212,000). The Renzvillo

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troops invaded Sicily. Crime soared in the upheaval and chaos. Many inmates escaped from prisons, banditry returned, and the black market thrived. During the first six months of Allied occupation, party politics were banned in Sicily. Most institutions were destroyed, with the exception of the police

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Mafiosi meddled in politics early on, bullying voters into voting for candidates they favored. At this period in history, only a small fraction of the Sicilian population could vote, so a single mafia boss could control a sizable chunk of the electorate and thus wield considerable political leverage.

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In countryside towns that lacked formal constabulary, local elites responded to banditry by recruiting young men into "companies-at-arms" to hunt down thieves and negotiate the return of stolen property, in exchange for a pardon for the thieves and a fee from the victims. These companies-at-arms were

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With this increase in property owners and commerce came more disputes that needed settling, contracts that needed enforcing, transactions that needed oversight, and properties that needed protecting. The barons released their private armies to let the state take over the job of enforcing the law, but

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Diego Gambetta characterizes mafiosi as "guarantors of trust". He says that Sicilian society has a general lack of trust among its people. This is true for other parts of southern Italy, which never experienced the same post-war economic growth that northern and central Italy enjoyed due in part to a

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described it as a cartel of private protection firms. He further characterized mafiosi as "guarantors of trust", and that Sicilian people tend to be distrustful of each other and therefore routinely seek mafia protection in their business dealings. The central activity of the Mafia is the arbitration

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Compared to other occupations, reputation is especially valuable for a mafioso, as his primary product is protection through intimidation. The reputation of a mafioso is dichotomous: he is either a good protector or a bad one; there is no mediocrity. This is because a mafioso can only either succeed

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A Mafia clan cannot tolerate competition within their sphere of influence from another racketeer. If a dispute erupted between two clients protected by rival racketeers, the two racketeers would have to fight each other to win the dispute for their respective clients. The outcomes of such fights can

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There is always a risk that outsiders and undercover policemen might masquerade as a mafioso to infiltrate the organization. To ensure that this does not happen, a mafioso must never introduce himself to another mafioso whom he does not personally know, even if he knows the other through reputation.

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To be part of the Mafia is highly desirable for many street criminals. Mafiosi receive a great deal of respect, for everyone knows that to offend a mafioso is to risk lethal retribution from him or his colleagues. Mafiosi have an easier time getting away with crimes, negotiating deals, and demanding

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On 1 February 2018, 31 people with ties to a crime family based in Palermo were arrested and charged with money laundering, fraud and drug trafficking, as part of Operation "Game Over". Benedetto Bacchi, reportedly controlled over 700 betting shops across Italy and was earning roughly €1 million per

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The alleged deal included a repeal of 41 bis, among other anti-Mafia laws, in return for electoral support in Sicily. Nevertheless, Giuffrè's declarations have not yet been confirmed. The Italian Parliament reinforced the provisions of the 41 bis, with the full support of Forza Italia. When the bill

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began in earnest. Hundreds of enemy mafiosi and their relatives were murdered, sometimes by traitors in their own clans. By manipulating the Mafia's rules and eliminating rivals, the Corleonesi came to completely dominate the commission. Riina used his power over the commission to replace the bosses

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initiated a campaign to destroy the Mafia and assert Fascist control over Sicilian life. The Mafia threatened and undermined his power in Sicily, and a successful campaign would strengthen him as the new leader, legitimizing and empowering his rule. He believed that such suppression would be a great

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By contrast, in the west, the estates tended to be smaller and thus did not require the total, round-the-clock attention of a guardian. It was cheaper for these estates to contract their protection to a mafioso rather than employing full-time guards. A mafioso in these regions could protect multiple

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The more fearsome a mafioso's reputation is, the more he can win disputes without having recourse to violence. It can even happen that a mafioso who loses his means to commit violence (e.g. his soldiers are all in prison) can still use his reputation to intimidate and provide protection if everyone

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The Mafia's power comes from its reputation to commit violence, particularly murder, against virtually anyone. Through reputation, mafiosi deter their enemies and enemies of their clients. It allows mafiosi to protect a client without being physically present (e.g. as bodyguards or watchmen), which

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In many situations, mafia bosses prefer to establish an indefinite long-term bond with a client, rather than make one-off contracts. The boss can then publicly declare the client to be under his permanent protection (his "friend", in Sicilian parlance). This leaves little public confusion as to who

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operating within their territory. If a protected business is robbed, the clan will use these contacts to track down and return the stolen goods and punish the thieves, usually by beating them up. Since the pursuit of thieves and their loot often goes into territories of other clans, clans routinely

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Protection from theft is one service that the Mafia provides to paying "clients". Mafiosi themselves are generally forbidden from committing theft (though in practice they are merely forbidden from stealing from anyone connected to the Mafia). Instead, mafiosi make it their business to know all the

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Scholars such as Diego Gambetta and Leopold Franchetti have characterized the Mafia as a "cartel of private protection firms". The primary activity of the Mafia is to provide protection and guarantee trust in areas of the Sicilian economy where the police and courts cannot be relied upon. The Mafia

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makes extensive use of "associates". These are people who work for or aid a clan (or even multiple clans) but are not treated as true members. These include corrupt officials and prospective mafiosi. An associate is considered by the mafiosi nothing more than a tool, someone that they can "use", or

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article in July 2019 indicated that Sicilian Mafia activity in Palermo was particularly notorious in one area: the Sicilian town of Passo di Rigano with involvement "in business such as wholesale food supplies, online betting and gambling". News articles also confirmed links between the Cosa Nostra

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between 1898 and 1900, Ermanno Sangiorgi, the police chief of Palermo, identified 670 mafiosi belonging to eight Mafia clans, which went through alternating phases of cooperation and conflict. The report mentioned initiation rituals and codes of conduct, as well as criminal activities that included

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The early Mafia was deeply involved with citrus growers and cattle ranchers, as these industries were particularly vulnerable to thieves and vandals and thus badly needed protection. Citrus plantations had a fragile production system that made them quite vulnerable to sabotage. Likewise, cattle are

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The Mafia was (and still is) a largely western Sicilian phenomenon. There was little Mafia activity in the eastern half of Sicily. This did not mean that there was little violence; the most violent conflicts over land took place in the east, but they did not involve mafiosi. In the east, the ruling

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Franchetti argued that the Mafia would never disappear unless the very structure of the island's social institutions were to undergo a fundamental change. Over a century later, Diego Gambetta concurred with Franchetti's analysis, arguing that the Mafia exists because the government does not provide

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While there was a time when people were reluctant to pronounce the word "Mafia" ... nowadays people have gone so far in the opposite direction that it has become an overused term ... I am no longer willing to accept the habit of speaking of the Mafia in descriptive and all-inclusive terms

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Gambetta 2011: "the Sicilian mafia, as I argue in chapters 5 and 6, is more akin a federation of independent “families,” which have one thing in common above all: they share a reputation asset as suppliers of protection, a trademark that distinguishes them from similar other groups present both in

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Murders are almost always carried out by members. It is very rare for the Mafia to recruit an outsider for a single job, and such people are liable to be eliminated soon afterward because they become expendable liabilities. Mafia violence is most commonly directed at other Mafia families competing

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Mafiosi rarely directly involve themselves in smuggling operations. When they do, it is usually when the operations are especially risky. In this case, they may induct smugglers into their clans in the hope of binding them more firmly. This was the case with heroin smuggling, where the volumes and

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Mafiosi generally do not involve themselves in the management of the businesses they protect or arbitrate. Lack of competence is a common reason, but mostly it is to divest themselves of any interests that may conflict with their roles as protectors and arbitrators. This makes them more trusted by

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The amount of money that the Mafia extorts from firms in Sicily correlates weakly with the revenue of the firm. As a result, smaller firms end up paying a higher share of their profits to the Mafia than larger firms; sometimes as high as 40% of profits for smaller firms and as low as 2% of profits

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The Mafia's protection is not restricted to illegal activities. Shopkeepers often pay the Mafia to protect them from thieves. If a shopkeeper enters into a protection contract with a mafioso, the mafioso will make it publicly known that if any thief were foolish enough to rob his client's shop, he

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sought to control both the refining and distribution of heroin. Sicilian mafiosi moved to the United States to personally control distribution networks there, often at the expense of their U.S. counterparts. Heroin addiction in North America surged from the mid-1970s into the early 1980s. By 1982,

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often made up of former bandits and criminals, usually the most skilled and violent of them. This saved communities the trouble of training their own policemen, but it may have made the companies-at-arms more inclined to collude with their former brethren rather than destroy them. Scholars such as

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6.5 billion through control of public and private contracts. Mafiosi use threats of violence and vandalism to muscle out competitors and win contracts for the companies that they control. They rarely manage the businesses that they control, but take a cut of their profits, usually through payoffs

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Mafiosi provide protection and invest capital in smuggling gangs. Smuggling operations require large investments (goods, boats, crews, etc.) but few people would trust their money to criminal gangs. It is mafiosi who raise the necessary money from investors and ensure that all parties act in good

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was murdered because he had drawn a map on which he had written the names of all the Palermo mafiosi he knew and marked their territories. He showed this map in meetings with other senior mafiosi to explain how he thought the Palermo families should be reorganized in the wake of a Mafia war. When

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The commission also deals with matters of succession. When a boss dies or retires, his clan's reputation often crumbles with his departure. This can cause clients to abandon the clan and turn to neighboring clans for protection. These clans would grow greatly in status and power relative to their

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and militiamen, which went from town to town rounding up suspects. To force suspects to surrender, they would take their families hostage, sell off their property, or publicly slaughter their livestock. By 1928, more than 11,000 suspects were arrested. Confessions were sometimes extracted through

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According to Lupo, there are several lines of interpretation, often blended to some extent, to define the Mafia: it has been viewed as a mirror of traditional Sicilian society; as an enterprise or type of criminal industry; as a more or less centralized secret society; and as a juridical ordering

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Politicians have always sought us out because we can provide votes. between friends and family, each man of honor can muster up forty to fifty other people. There are between 1,500 and 2,000 men of honor in Palermo province. Multiply that by fifty and you get a nice package of 75,000 to 100,000

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is a code of silence and secrecy that forbids mafiosi from betraying their comrades to the authorities. The penalty for transgression is death, and relatives of the turncoat may also be murdered. Mafiosi generally do not associate with police (aside perhaps from corrupting individual officers as

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were killed while trying to dispose of a car bomb. These incidents provoked national outrage and a crackdown in which nearly 2,000 arrests were made. Mafia activity fell as clans disbanded and mafiosi went into hiding. The Sicilian Mafia Commission was dissolved; it did not re-form until 1969. A

1147:, took control of Palermo's Office of Public Works. Between 1959 and 1963, about 80 percent of building permits were given to just five people, none of whom represented major construction firms; they were likely Mafia frontmen. Construction companies unconnected with the Mafia were forced to pay 2462:

When a Mafia boss retires from leadership (or is killed), his clan's reputation as effective protectors and enforcers often goes with him. If his replacement has a weaker reputation, clients may lose confidence in the clan and defect to its neighbors, causing a shift in the balance of power and

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In one of his books, Gambetta illustrates this concept with the scenario of a butcher who wishes to sell some meat to a supermarket without paying sales tax. Since the transaction is essentially a black market deal, the agents cannot turn to the police or the courts if either of them cheats the

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A major function of the commission is to regulate the use of violence. For instance, a mafioso who wants to commit a murder in another clan's territory must ask the permission of the local boss; the commission enforces this rule. Any murder of a mafioso or prominent individual (police, lawyers,

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Clans are also called "families", although their members are usually not related by blood. The Mafia actually has rules designed to prevent nepotism. Membership and rank in the Mafia are not hereditary. Most new bosses are not related to their predecessors. The Commission forbids relatives from

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were especially influential bosses who have each been described by the media and law enforcement as being the "boss of bosses" of their times. While a powerful boss may exert great influence over his neighbors, the position does not formally exist, according to Mafia turncoats such as Buscetta.

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The boss of a clan is typically elected by the rank-and-file soldiers (though violent successions do happen). Due to the small size of most Sicilian clans, the boss of a clan has intimate contact with all members and doesn't receive much in the way of privileges or rewards as he would in larger

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which membership entails and which lead to the committing of crimes, the direct or indirect assumption of management or control of financial activities, concessions, permissions, enterprises and public services for the purpose of deriving profit or wrongful advantages for themselves or others".

220:. By the 20th century, wide-scale emigration from Sicily led to the formation of mafiosi style gangs in Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, and South America. These diaspora-based outfits replicated the traditions and methods of their Sicilian ancestors to varying extents. 2325:

Politicians court mafiosi to obtain votes during elections. A mafioso's mere endorsement of a certain candidate can be enough for their clients, relatives, and associates to vote for that candidate. A particularly influential mafioso can bring in thousands of votes for a candidate; such is the

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Mafiosi approach potential clients in an aggressive but friendly manner, like a door-to-door salesman. They may even offer a few free favors as an enticement. If a client rejects their overtures, mafiosi sometimes coerce them by vandalizing their property or other forms of harassment. Physical

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This tradition is upheld scrupulously, often to the detriment of efficient operation. For instance, when mafioso Indelicato Amedeo returned to Sicily following his initiation in the United States in the 1950s, he could not announce his membership to his own mafioso father but had to wait for a

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points out that the Mafia, being a secretive criminal organization, cannot risk having its recruits sign application forms and written contracts that might be seized by the police. Thus they rely on the old-fashioned ritual ceremony. The elements of the ceremony are made deliberately specific,

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Contrary to popular belief, the commissions do not serve as a centralized government for the Mafia. The power of the commissions is limited and clans are autonomous and independent. Rather, each Commission serves as a representative mechanism for consultation of independent clans who decide by

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is open only to Sicilian men. A candidate cannot be a relative of or have any close links with a lawman, such as a police officer or a judge. There is no strict age limit; men as young as sixteen have been initiated. A prospective mafioso is carefully tested for obedience, discretion, courage,

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Under Bernardo Provenzano's leadership, murders of state officials were halted. He also halted the policy of murdering informants and their families, with a view instead to getting them to retract their testimonies and return to the fold. He also restored the common support fund for imprisoned

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ruthlessness, and skill at espionage. He is almost always required to commit murder as his ultimate trial, even if he doesn't plan to be a career assassin. The act of murder is to prove his sincerity (i.e., he is not an undercover policeman) and to bind him into silence (i.e., he cannot break

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was abolished, land could no longer be seized to settle debts, and one fifth of the land became private property of the peasants. After Italy annexed Sicily in 1860, it redistributed a large share of public and church land to private citizens. The result was a huge increase in the number of

2019:, took a needle and pricked Brusca's finger. Brusca smeared his blood on the image of the saint, which he held in his cupped hands as Riina set it alight. As Brusca juggled the burning image in his hands, Riina said to him: "If you betray Cosa Nostra, your flesh will burn like this saint". 2193:, as in an inebriated state they are more likely to blurt out sensitive information. They also frequently adopt self-effacing attitudes to strangers so as to avoid unwanted attention. Most Sicilians tend to be very verbose and expressive, whereas mafiosi tend to be more terse and subdued. 827:

pushed many desperate peasants to steal. In the face of rising crime, booming commerce, and unreliable law enforcement, property owners and merchants turned to extralegal arbitrators and protectors. These extralegal protectors eventually organized themselves into the first Mafia clans.

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why the Mafia has resisted more than a century of government efforts to destroy it: the people who willingly solicit these services protect the Mafia from the authorities. If one is enjoying the benefits of Mafia protection, one does not want the police arresting one's mafioso.

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ha trovata pronta una classe di violenti e di facinorosi che non aspettava altro che un sostantivo che l'indicasse, ed alla quale i suoi caratteri e la sua importanza speciale nella società siciliana davano diritto ad un nome diverso da quello dei volgari malfattori di altri

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was invited to take part in a secret meeting of the Fratuzzi. I entered a mysterious room where there were many men armed with guns sitting around a table. In the center of the table, there was a skull drawn on a piece of paper and a knife. In order to be admitted to the

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The Sicilian Mafia is not a centralized organization. It is more of a federation of independent gangs who sell their services under a common brand. This cartel claims the exclusive right to sell extralegal protection services within their territories, and by their labels

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small estates at once, which gave him great independence and leverage to charge high prices. The landowners in this region were also frequently absent and could not watch over their properties should the protector withdraw, further increasing his bargaining power.

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holding positions in inter-clan bodies at the same time. That said, mafiosi frequently bring their sons into the trade. They have an easier time entering because the son bears his father's seal of approval and is familiar with the traditions and requirements of

728:. The economic approach to explain the Mafia did illustrate the development and operations of the Mafia business, but neglected the cultural symbols and codes by which the Mafia legitimized its existence and by which it rooted itself into Sicilian society. 1681:

Murders, particularly ones connected to Mafia activity, have decreased considerably since the 1990s. In 1991, there were 481 murders in Sicily of which 253 were connected to Mafia activity; in 2020, there were only 33 murders of which 4 were Mafia murders.

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The mafia's principal activities are settling disputes among other criminals, protecting them against each other's cheating, and organizing and overseeing illicit agreements, often involving many agents, such as illicit cartel agreements in otherwise legal

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at preventing an act of violence or fail utterly should any violence take place. There is no spectrum of quality when it comes to violent protection. Consequently, a series of failures can completely ruin a mafioso's reputation, and with it his business.

1703:", or "clans" (despite the name, their members are generally not related by blood). Each of these claims sovereignty over a territory, usually a town or village or a neighborhood of a larger city, though without ever fully conquering and legitimizing its 1935:. "Contrary to the wide-spread image presented by the media, these superordinate bodies of coordination cannot be compared with the executive boards of major legal firms. Their power is intentionally limited. And it would be entirely wrong to see in the 396:(a codeword for extortion money). The play had great success throughout Italy. Soon after, the use of the term "mafia" began appearing in the Italian state's early reports on the group. The word was first documented in 1865 in a report by the prefect of 5935:, pp. 84-85: "The fact is that Cavataio is dead precisely because of that map, which he’d shown to other people too Apart from the absolute prohibition—it still holds in the mafia today—against committing to paper anything that refers to Cosa Nostra " 1254:

the Sicilian Mafia controlled about 80 percent of the heroin trade in the northeastern United States. Heroin was often distributed to street dealers from Mafia-owned pizzerias, and the revenues could be passed off as restaurant profits (the so-called

1004:

beatings and torture. Some mafiosi who had been on the losing end of Mafia feuds voluntarily cooperated with prosecutors, perhaps as a way of obtaining protection and revenge. Charges of Mafia association were typically leveled at poor peasants and

1397:, who had already murdered many of his friends and relatives. Other mafiosi followed his example. Falcone and Borsellino compiled their testimonies and organized the Maxi Trial, which lasted from February 1986 to December 1987. It was held in a 1169:

During the 1950s, the Mafia continued its deep penetration of the construction and cement industries. The cement business was appealing because it allows high levels of local economic involvement and is a good front for illegitimate operations.

979:. At some point, Cuccia expressed surprise at Mussolini's police escort and whispered in his ear: "You are with me, you are under my protection. What do you need all these cops for?". After Mussolini rejected Cuccia's offer of protection, the 704:

codes, but did not consider the Mafia a formal organisation. Judicial investigations by Falcone and scientific research in the 1980s provided solid proof of the existence of well-structured Mafia groups with entrepreneurial characteristics.

1801:, they do not necessarily have ten soldiers, but can have anything from five to thirty. Some clans are so small that they don't even have decinas and capodecinas, and even in large clans, certain soldiers may report directly to the boss or 879:

Mafiosi used their allies in government to avoid prosecution as well as persecute less well-connected rivals. Given the highly fragmented and shaky Italian political system, cliques of Mafia-friendly politicians exerted a strong influence.

572:

of disputes between criminals and the organization and the enforcement of illicit agreements through the use of violence. The Mafia does not serve the general public as the police do, but only specific clients who pay them for protection.

1902:. Historically, most mafiosi were employed in menial jobs, and many bosses did not work at all. Professionals such as lawyers and doctors do exist within the organization, and are employed according to whatever useful skills they have. 611:

found a class of violent criminals ready and waiting for a name to define them, and, given their special character and importance in Sicilian society, they had the right to a different name from that defining vulgar criminals in other

1155:

Mafia organizations entirely control the building sector in Palermo – the quarries where aggregates are mined, site clearance firms, cement plants, metal depots for the construction industry, wholesalers for sanitary fixtures, and so

1138:

had left more than 14,000 people homeless, and migrants were pouring in from the countryside, so there was a huge demand for new homes. Much of this construction was subsidized by public money. In 1956, two Mafia-connected officials,

856:

very easy to steal. The Mafia was often more effective than the police at recovering stolen cattle; in the 1920s, it was noted that the Mafia's success rate at recovering stolen cattle was 95%, whereas the police managed only 10%.

1558:

The tide of defectors was greatly stemmed. The Mafia preferred to initiate relatives of existing mafiosi, believing them to be less prone to defection. Provenzano was arrested in 2006, after 43 years on the run. His successor as

1978:, a popular movement of democratic and socialist inspiration that arose in Sicily in the early 1890s. In order to give the movement teeth and to protect himself from harm, Verro became a member of a Mafia group in Corleone, the 2036:

If he wants to establish a relationship, he must ask a third mafioso whom they both personally know to introduce them to each other in a face-to-face meeting. This intermediary can vouch that neither of the two is an impostor.

2178:

necessary). For instance, a mafioso will not call the police when he is a victim of a crime. He is expected to take care of the problem himself. To do otherwise would undermine his reputation as a capable protector of others (

867:("code of silence"). Colonna warned in his report that the Italian government's brutal and clumsy attempts to crush crime only made the problem worse by alienating the populace. An 1865 dispatch from the prefect of Palermo to 1707:. For many years, the power apparatuses of the single families were the sole ruling bodies within the two associations, and they have remained the real centers of power even after superordinate bodies were created in the 649:

that conducted the first field studies on the phenomenon between the 1960s and the early 1980s, saw the Mafia as merely a form of behaviour and power, downplaying its organisational aspects. Their thinking was shaped by

1947:

rivals, potentially destabilizing the region and precipitating war. The Commission may choose to divide up the clan's territory and members among its neighbors. Alternatively, the commission has the power to appoint a

1643:, Santino Sabella, was among the arrested and accused of agreeing on candidates for the 2014 local elections with the Sicilian Mafia and exerting pressure on the allocation of council contracts. Two companies running 9145: 773:

is hard to trace because mafiosi are very secretive and do not keep historical records of their own. They have been known to spread deliberate lies about their past and sometimes come to believe in their own myths.

1655:

for €500,000; the next day Bacchi listed the house for sale at the price of €1.3 million. He also allegedly considered taking over a news publication with his criminal proceeds. Investigators also alleged that the

1077:") could rent land from landowners for their own short-term use. Owners of especially large estates were to be forced to sell off some of their land. The Mafia had connections to many landowners and murdered many 5250: 5220: 451: 1302:, to whom he eventually handed over control. The Corleonesi bribed cash-strapped Palermo clans into the fold, subverted members of other clans, and secretly recruited new members. In 1977, the Corleonesi had 1093:, who was possibly backed by local Mafia bosses. In the end, though, they were unable to stop the process, and many landowners chose to sell their land to mafiosi, who offered more money than the government. 2196:

To a degree, mafiosi also impose omertà on the general population. Civilians who buy their protection or make other deals are expected to be discreet, on pain of death. Witness intimidation is also common.

5101: 497:

revealed to anti-mafia Italian magistrate Giovanni Falcone that the term was used by the Sicilian Mafia, as well. Buscetta dismissed the word "mafia" as a mere literary creation. Other defectors, such as

1916:

Since the 1950s, the Mafia has maintained multiple commissions to resolve disputes and promote cooperation among clans. Each province of Sicily has its own Commission. Clans are organized into districts

455: 6962:

Balletta, L., and A.M. Lavezzi (2019), “The Economics of Extortion: Theory and Evidence on the Sicilian Mafia”, Discussion Papers del Dipartimento di Economia e Management – Università di Pisa, n. 242 (

944:

organizations. In an environment with weak state presence, this socialist threat triggered landowners, estate managers, and local politicians to turn to the Mafia to resist and combat peasant demands."

1017:

Mori's campaign ended in June 1929 when Mussolini recalled him to Rome. He did not permanently crush the Mafia as the Fascist press proclaimed, but his campaign was very successful at suppressing it.

1943:

politicians, journalists, etc.) must be approved by the commission. Such acts can potentially upset other clans and spark a war, so the Commission provides a means by which to obtain their approval.

1823:("counselor") of the clan is also elected on a yearly basis. One of his jobs is to supervise the actions of the boss and his immediate underlings, particularly in financial matters (e.g. preventing 1678:, "Off they go, through the streets of Passo di Rigano, Boccadifalco, Torretta and at the same time, Brooklyn, Staten Island, New Jersey. Because from Sicily to the US, the old mafia has returned." 4431: 397: 4575: 1651:

month, using an online gambling operator licensed in Malta; his license was suspended. According to investigators, Bacchi bought a construction company, and a villa formerly owned by footballer

654:, a late 19th-century movement opposed to the indiscriminate criminalization of all Sicilians by Italian law enforcement and public opinion, promoted in particular by the Sicilian ethnographer 2326:

respect that a mafioso can command. Between its 630-member Chamber of Deputies and 315+ member Senate, the Italian Parliament has a huge number of seats (roughly 1 per 64,000 citizens) and a

9464: 1628:

mafia family has allegedly set up alliances with the 'Ndrangheta and Camorra. The leader is suspected of previously sending members of his organization to Karlsruhe and Cologne in Germany.

1219:

The 1950s and 1960s were difficult times for the mafia, but in the 1970s their rackets grew considerably more lucrative, particularly smuggling. The most lucrative racket of the 1970s was

521:

The Sicilian Mafia has used other names to describe itself throughout its history, such as "The Honored Society". Mafiosi are known among themselves as "men of honor" or "men of respect".

4935: 4890: 1599:

was set to expire in 2002, it was made into a permanent fixture in the penal code and extended to other crimes such as terrorism. However, according to one of Italy's leading magazines

5687: 4187: 4164: 1816:

The underboss is second in command to the boss. The underboss is sometimes a family member, such as a son, who will take over the family if the boss is sick, killed, or imprisoned.

4664: 724:

missed essential aspects of the Mafia that became clear when investigators were confronted with the testimonies of Mafia turncoats, like those of Buscetta to Judge Falcone at the

5340: 5130: 1367: 183:

and dates back to the mid-19th century. It is an association of gangs which sell their protection and arbitration services under a common brand. The Mafia's core activities are

3340: 3224: 5280: 6222: 1991:, had to undergo an initiation consisting of some trials of loyalty and the pricking of the lower lip with the tip of the knife: the blood from the wound soaked the skull. 5160: 1575:

The incarcerated bosses are subject to strict controls on their contact with the outside world, limiting their ability to run their operations from behind bars under the

843:

1900 map of Mafia presence in Sicily. Towns with Mafia activity are marked as red dots. The Mafia operated mostly in the west, in areas of rich agricultural productivity.

5418: 5242: 995:

Cuccia's careless remark has passed into history as the catalyst for Mussolini's war on the Mafia. Mussolini firmly established his power in January 1925; he appointed

7819: 666:

Mafia is the consciousness of one's own worth, the exaggerated concept of individual force as the sole arbiter of every conflict, of every clash of interests or ideas.

5366: 5212: 4633: 1413:

The Mafia retaliated violently. In 1988, they murdered a Palermo judge and his son; three years later, a prosecutor and an anti-mafia businessman were also murdered.

2459:

is unaware of his weakness and still believes in his power. However, such bluffs generally do not last long, as his rivals may sense his weakness and challenge him.

361: 6241: 3816: 3527:, p. 33 (Colonna seemed to have known what he was talking about, as there was widespread suspicion that he was the protector of some important Mafiosi in Palermo). 1887:

Traditionally, only men can become mafiosi, though in recent times there have been reports of women assuming the responsibilities of imprisoned mafiosi relatives.

5098: 9991: 4706: 3284: 2350:

They are not ideological themselves, though mafiosi have traditionally opposed extreme parties such as Fascists and Communists, and favored center candidates.

2022:

The elements of the ceremony have changed little over the Mafia's history. These elements have been the subject of much curiosity and speculation. Sociologist

1405:

confirmed these convictions. It is considered to be the most significant trial ever against the Sicilian Mafia, as well as the biggest trial in world history.

932:

links the emergence of the Sicilian Mafia also to the surging demand for oranges and lemons following the late 18th-century discovery that citrus fruits cured

2148:

There is a strict prohibition in the Mafia on writing incriminating information down on paper, lest such evidence fall into the hands of the police. In 1969,

423:

that make it possible to stack up phenomena that are indeed related to the field of organised crime but that have little or nothing in common with the Mafia.

2123:: anyone who has a close relative in the police, anyone with a two-timing relative in the family, anyone who behaves badly and doesn't hold to moral values. 1184:

The First Mafia War was the first high-profile conflict between Mafia clans in post-war Italy (the Sicilian Mafia has a long history of violent rivalries).

10001: 5392: 5036: 4518: 1315:

of certain clans with hand-picked regents. In the end, the Corleonesi faction won and Riina effectively became the "boss of bosses" of the Sicilian Mafia.

4421: 7601: 9625: 1441:

in January 1993. More and more informants emerged. Many paid a high price for their cooperation, usually through the murder of relatives. For example,

1045: 4567: 2776:

Even the origin of the word 'mafia' remains obscure. Some believe its roots lie in the Arab domination of Sicily from 827 to 1061 and the Arabic word

380:

are never mentioned in the play. The drama is about a Palermo prison gang with traits similar to the Mafia: a boss, an initiation ritual, and talk of

9003: 2388:

In a 2007 publication, the Italian small-business association Confesercenti reported that about 25.2 percent of Sicilian businesses were indebted to

1884:

privileges. A full member also gains more freedom to participate in certain rackets which the Mafia controls (particularly protection racketeering).

1191:

organized a drug shipment to the United States with the help of two Sicilian clans, the Grecos and the La Barberas. Manzella entrusted another boss,

3631: 2330:

competing for them, meaning that a candidate can win with only a few thousand votes. A mafia clan's support can thus be decisive for their success.

1306:

expelled from the commission on trumped-up charges of hiding drug revenues. In April 1981, the Corleonesi murdered a rival member of the Commission

756:) as one where "those belonging to the association exploit the potential for intimidation which their membership gives them, and the compliance and 5310: 4381:

p. 91: "The Catanzaro trial turned out well for the mafia. Many defendants were released from jail, and the Palermo families began to reorganize."

418:, the anti-Mafia judge who was murdered by the Mafia in 1992, had objected to the conflation of the term "Mafia" with organized crime in general: 5075: 4730: 4210: 7812: 5608: 4873: 6515: 4943: 3784: 9986: 6165: 5627: 3967: 3948: 2930: 2911: 2892: 2312:

Because Mafia clans provide protection within territorial monopolies, the price of their protection is often high and the quality often low.

2296:

is and is not protected, so thieves and other predators will be deterred from attacking a protected client and prey only on the unprotected.

635: 5573: 4965: 4850: 4609: 1031:

Sicily's murder rate sharply declined. Landowners were able to raise the legal rents on their lands, sometimes as much as ten-thousandfold.

6467: 6195: 5684: 2612: 4184: 4161: 2214:

would track down the thief, beat him up, and, if possible, recover the stolen merchandise (mafiosi make it their business to know all the

2185:

The need for secrecy and inconspicuousness deeply colors the traditions and mannerisms of mafiosi. Mafiosi are discouraged from consuming

1663:

The Cosa Nostra has traditionally been the most powerful group in Palermo. After the arrest of the alleged new mafia boss in July 2019, a

1605:, 119 mafiosi have been released on an individual basis – one-fifth of those incarcerated under the 41 bis regime. The human rights group 1401:-courthouse specially built for the occasion, where 475 mafiosi were put on trial, of which, 338 were convicted. In January 1992, Italy's 9854: 5916: 5905: 5182: 3261: 1609:

expressed concern that the 41-bis regime could, in some circumstances, amount to "cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment" for prisoners.

968:, and it would also provide an excuse to suppress his political opponents on the island since many Sicilian politicians had Mafia links. 4654: 1813:

of New York). His tenure is also frequently short: elections are yearly, and he might be deposed sooner for misconduct or incompetence.

1060:

position gave them additional credibility. Mafia bosses reformed their clans, absorbing some of the marauding bandits into their ranks.

5457: 5332: 5122: 2513: 954: 2327: 1982:(Little Brothers). In a memoir written many years later, he described the initiation ritual which he underwent in the spring of 1893: 1525:

when Bagarella was captured in 1995. Provenzano halted the campaign of violence and replaced it with a campaign of quietness known as

1116:

operations to the Sicilian clans. Anticipating rivalries for the lucrative American drug market, he negotiated the establishment of a

871:

first officially described the phenomenon as a "Mafia". An 1876 police report provides the earliest known description of the familiar

10021: 8706: 8117: 7870: 7805: 3337: 4096: 3729: 2829: 2292:

assault is rare; clients may be murdered for breaching agreements or talking to the police, but not for simply refusing protection.

1198:

Many non-mafiosi were killed in the crossfire. In April 1963, several bystanders were wounded during a shootout in Palermo. In May,

1063:

The changing economic landscape of Sicily shifted the Mafia's power base from rural to urban areas. The Minister of Agriculture – a

999:

as the Prefect of Palermo in October 1925 and granted him special powers to fight the Mafia. Mori formed a small army of policemen,

10016: 8731: 8701: 8544: 7014: 6966: 5272: 2589: 1294:, and he forged a coalition of mafia clans known as the Corleonesi with himself as its leader. He initiated a campaign to dominate 256:

in 19th-century Sicily was ambiguous, signifying a bully, arrogant but also fearless, enterprising and proud, according to scholar

6754: 9128: 7728: 7468: 6219: 5866: 5844: 1693:

is not a centralized organization but rather a loose confederation of about one hundred groups known alternately as "families", "

402: 6462: 5152: 5055: 3368: 10011: 8726: 7452: 6386: 4764: 2233:

derives its name from this. Mafiosi might sometimes ask for favors instead of money, such as assistance in committing a crime.

2347:

Politicians usually repay this support with favors, such as sabotaging police investigations or giving contracts and permits.

10006: 9822: 7627: 6902: 6794: 6767: 6710: 6535: 6487: 5414: 4690: 2503: 4630: 1639:. Some of the most common charges were mafia association, drug trafficking, extortion, fraud, and vote buying. The mayor of 8564: 5362: 2153:

Cavataio was murdered, his assassins searched his body for the map so that they could destroy it, but they didn't find it.

1484:. The Catholic Church openly condemned the Mafia, two churches were bombed and an anti-Mafia priest was shot dead in Rome. 3156: 187:, the arbitration of disputes between criminals, and the organizing and oversight of illegal agreements and transactions. 6238: 3808: 3096: 3313: 9859: 8275: 8110: 6830: 6735: 6654: 6608: 3218: 2809: 2769: 2692: 1473: 1402: 1044:

and carabinieri, and the American occupiers had to build a new order from scratch. As Fascist mayors were deposed, the

732:

that is parallel to that of the state – a kind of anti-state. The Mafia is all of these but none of these exclusively.

2076:

In November 2007, Sicilian police reported the discovery of a list of "Ten Commandments" in the hideout of mafia boss

9849: 9520: 8998: 7607: 6957: 6941: 6925: 6811: 6691: 6633: 6601: 6585: 6569: 6456: 6435: 6416: 4702: 4379:

p. 82: "The Cosa Nostra no longer existed in Palermo after 1963. But the mafia was still in charge in other cities."

6789:

M&J, 2014. Translation of the book "Cosa è la Mafia," Giornale degli Economisti, Luglio 1901, pp. 236–262.

3112: 2620: 1417:, a close political ally of the Mafia, was murdered for failing to reverse the convictions as promised. Falcone was 304:

is the yearly tax imposed on non-Muslims residing in Muslim lands. Those who pay it are "exempted" from prosecution.

9901: 9876: 7509: 3365:"Private States and the Enforcement of Property Rights – Theory and Evidence on the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia," 3277: 2508: 2156:

The prohibition on documenting anything also explains why the Mafia uses a bizarre ritual to initiate new members (

1827:). He also serves as an impartial adviser to the boss and mediator in internal disputes. To fulfill this role, the 1631:

On 22 January 2018, 58 people connected to 16 mafia families were arrested by Carabinieri police in Caltanissetta,

1082: 4685:

Alfonso Giordano, Il maxiprocesso venticinque anni dopo – Memoriale del presidente, p. 68, Bonanno Editore, 2011.

720:, the Mafia is often erroneously seen as similar to other non-Sicilian organized criminal associations. These two 9817: 9607: 9380: 9259: 9013: 8942: 7932: 7105: 2267:

between businesspeople. Mafia-enforced collusion typically appears in markets where collusion is both desirable (

928: 471: 414:

has become a generic term for any organized criminal network with similar structure, methods, and interests. But

5388: 5033: 4515: 2040:

mafioso from the United States who knew of his induction to come to Sicily and introduce the son to the father.

7447: 6918: 3699: 2488: 2251:

cooperate with each other on this matter, providing information and blocking the sale of the loot if they can.

3153:

M&J, 2014. Translation of the book "Cosa è la Mafia," Giornale degli Economisti, Luglio 1901, pp. 236–262.

1939:

a centrally managed, internationally active Mafia holding company", according to criminologist Letizia Paoli.

9834: 8001: 7984: 1437:

on July 19, 1992. This led to a public outcry and a massive government crackdown, resulting in the arrest of

359:

The public's association of the word with the criminal secret society was perhaps inspired by the 1863 play "

9355: 8537: 8288: 7681: 7148: 7007: 2493: 1617: 1583:

is a close confidant of Provenzano who turned informant shortly after his capture in 2002. He alleges that

1576: 1453: 1021:

There was nearly no mafia left after the war. The Sicilian families had been shut down by the prefect Mori.

6544:

Dimico, Arcangelo, Alessia Isopi, and Ola Olsson. "Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: The market for lemons."

9886: 9839: 9795: 9249: 8011: 7937: 7927: 7919: 7643: 7201: 7186: 7118: 4727: 3628: 2498: 2263:

The primary method by which the Mafia stifles competition, however, is the overseeing and enforcement of

1919: 603:, etc.), they distinguish themselves from common criminals whom they exclude from the protection market. 17: 8403: 6801: 3106: 9881: 9812: 8899: 8383: 8127: 8075: 7974: 7569: 7043: 6625: 5570: 5302: 5072: 3166: 2268: 1457: 1223:. Sicilian and Neapolitan crime bosses negotiated a joint monopoly over the smuggling of cigarettes to 1014:. More than 1,200 were convicted and imprisoned, and many others were internally exiled without trial. 366: 860: 9844: 9021: 8777: 8761: 8398: 8365: 8085: 7527: 7037: 6727: 4207: 2442:

because Mafia families in Sicily are smaller and more numerous, creating a more volatile atmosphere.

2088:

No one can present himself directly to another of our friends. There must be a third person to do it.

1932: 1911: 1712: 1291: 1117: 9350: 6593:

Organised crime in Europe: concepts, patterns, and control policies in the European Union and beyond

5605: 4982: 3122: 1448:

After Riina's capture, numerous terror attacks were ordered as a warning to its members to not turn

9927: 9866: 9800: 9775: 9469: 9400: 9345: 9110: 8914: 8874: 8868: 8813: 8808: 8175: 7994: 7781: 6499:"Review of (Un morto ogni tanto) A Dead Every Now and Then, by Paolo Borrometi, a book about Mafia" 6463:"Land Reform, the Market for Protection and the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: Theory and Evidence" 3751: 1496: 1442: 882: 6320:

Land Reform, the Market for Protection and the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: Theory and Evidence.

6162: 5624: 4808: 3964: 3945: 2927: 2908: 2889: 9981: 9871: 9576: 9365: 9234: 8884: 8530: 8150: 8098: 7563: 7000: 6523: 4998: 4911: 4847: 4601: 2272: 1965: 1647:

in Sicily were targeted as protection rackets, overall 27 businesses were targeted and extorted.

1434: 1333: 1220: 105: 8019: 6202: 1067:– pushed for reforms in which peasants were to get larger shares of produce, be allowed to form 9950: 9749: 9314: 9284: 9197: 9191: 9036: 8909: 8889: 8879: 8835: 8767: 8696: 7858: 7654: 7273: 2260:

behalf of a coffee supplier might pressure local bars into serving only their client's coffee.

1859:

According to Mafia historian Salvatore Lupo "the emphasis of the media on the definition of a "

1543:

By the late 1990s, the weakened Cosa Nostra had to yield most of the illegal drug trade to the

1426: 1255: 1040: 31: 6576: 5913: 5902: 5190: 9911: 9269: 9168: 8904: 8894: 8856: 8840: 8829: 8781: 8717: 8677: 8024: 7575: 7539: 7372: 7156: 6562: 3809:"Weak States: Causes and Consequences of the Sicilian Mafia | The Review of Economic Studies" 3258: 2139:

around outsiders; to avoid under all circumstances introducing oneself to other men of honor.

1738:

explained to prosecutors the command structure of a typical clan. A clan is led by a "boss" (

1606: 1564: 1510: 1465: 1394: 1348:

were long been suspected of having ties to the Mafia, in addition to the Sicilian politician

1287: 176: 5451: 5014: 1480:, leaving 10 dead and 93 injured and causing severe damage to cultural heritage such as the 567:

described the Sicilian Mafia as an "industry of violence". In 1993, the Italian sociologist

9790: 9682: 9484: 9474: 9405: 9289: 9279: 9264: 9254: 9244: 9041: 8862: 8756: 8652: 8643: 8636: 8625: 8620: 8610: 8601: 8454: 8188: 8183: 8140: 7776: 7691: 7686: 7671: 7597: 7521: 7314: 7286: 7263: 7258: 7181: 5109: 2528: 2523: 2077: 1704: 1669: 1053: 972: 914: 791: 466:("our thing" or "this thing of ours" or simply "our cause" / "our interest"). At the time, 9956: 4912:"Mafia : due successori per Provenzano, Salvatore Lo Piccolo e Matteo Messina Denaro" 4602:"John Hooper talks to the former Italian PM Giulio Andreotti about his links to the mafia" 1010:(farm leaseholders), but were avoided when dealing with major landowners. Many were tried 527:

should not be confused with other mafia-type organizations in Southern Italy, such as the

8: 9600: 9546: 9510: 9489: 9415: 9239: 9174: 8845: 8803: 8444: 7952: 7533: 7161: 6895:

Five Families: The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires

3721: 2825: 2684: 2680:

Five Families: The Rise, Decline and Resurrection of America's Most powerful Mafia Empire

2678: 1923:) of three or four geographically adjacent clans. Each district elects a representative ( 1898:

A mafioso's legitimate occupation, if any, generally does not affect his prestige within

1855: 1522: 1488: 1303: 782:

The Mafia's genesis began in the 19th century as the product of Sicily's transition from

749: 617: 564: 8255: 6963: 6682: 3136: 1580: 886:

Representation of two brigand members of Cosa Nostra towards the end of the 19th century

548: 9805: 9770: 9734: 9525: 9410: 9385: 9335: 9294: 8850: 8569: 8459: 8238: 8223: 8047: 7947: 7786: 7748: 7733: 7551: 7248: 7210: 6948: 6881: 6773: 6554: 6475: 6402: 4769: 4659: 4426: 3691: 2553: 2340: 2127: 1640: 1298:

and its narcotics trade. Leggio was imprisoned in 1974, so he acted through his deputy

1192: 1097: 1090: 700:

Like Pitrè, some scholars viewed mafiosi as individuals behaving according to specific

544: 503: 499: 5876: 5840: 1071:

and take over badly used land, and remove the system by which leaseholders (known as "

9505: 9122: 9116: 8686: 8615: 8449: 8424: 8233: 7885: 7545: 7367: 7243: 7176: 7171: 6953: 6937: 6921: 6898: 6885: 6873: 6841: 6826: 6807: 6790: 6763: 6731: 6706: 6687: 6650: 6629: 6597: 6581: 6565: 6531: 6483: 6452: 6431: 6412: 6210:

The statistics in the report were obtained from the Italian Ministry of the Interior.

5183:"Mafia bosses, one politician among 56 netted in Sicily's major anti-mafia operation" 5052: 4882: 4686: 4093: 3776: 3683: 3214: 2805: 2765: 2688: 2280: 1588: 1518: 1345: 1199: 1179: 1148: 795: 443: 280: 233: 184: 163: 8316: 3695: 3654:"Poor Institutions, Rich Mines: Resource Curse in the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia" 2392:, who collected around €1.4 billion a year in payments. This figure rose during the 671: 655: 9829: 9785: 9479: 9435: 9370: 9151: 8771: 8160: 8067: 8052: 8034: 7880: 7797: 7612: 7592: 7515: 7490: 7427: 7400: 7382: 7334: 7223: 7166: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6699: 6669: 4641: 3766: 3673: 3665: 2438:

for territory and business. Violence is more common in the Sicilian Mafia than the

2430: 2426: 2247: 2215: 2149: 1996: 1971: 1847: 1735: 1652: 1390: 1382: 1378: 1370: 1341: 1329: 1311: 1267: 1161: 1049: 976: 960: 905: 494: 459: 428: 415: 372:" ("The Mafiosi of the Vicaria") by Giuseppe Rizzotto and Gaspare Mosca. The words 154: 117: 8504: 8378: 6196:"Le mani della criminalità sulle imprese (The grip of criminality on enterprises)" 5333:"Mafia betting boss arrested, Malta license suspended, Gonzi son issues statement" 922:. Early Mafia activity was strongly linked to Sicilian municipalities abundant in 245: 9891: 9780: 9744: 9646: 9641: 9515: 9420: 8736: 8666: 8476: 8388: 8308: 8208: 8203: 7989: 7957: 7890: 7865: 7828: 7738: 7484: 7228: 7191: 6970: 6932: 6913: 6721: 6644: 6619: 6592: 6498: 6245: 6226: 6169: 5920: 5909: 5691: 5631: 5612: 5461: 5415:"FBI and Italian police arrest 19 people in Sicily and US in mafia investigation" 5105: 5084: 5079: 5059: 5040: 4854: 4734: 4637: 4522: 4214: 4191: 4168: 4100: 3971: 3952: 3635: 3372: 3364: 3344: 3265: 3208: 2934: 2915: 2896: 2543: 2393: 2081: 2012: 2004: 1975: 1851: 1723: 1492: 1438: 1307: 1299: 1276: 1188: 1140: 1129: 965: 941: 890: 8373: 7848: 5099:'Bigger than drugs': how the Mafia profits from the Mediterranean migrant crisis 1970:

One of the first accounts of an initiation ceremony into the Mafia was given by

462:). He revealed that American mafiosi referred to their organization by the term 9996: 9593: 9390: 9375: 9274: 8798: 8661: 8553: 8434: 8419: 8348: 8265: 8218: 8213: 8103: 8093: 7897: 7853: 7843: 7743: 7711: 7557: 7067: 6664:

Diego Gambetta (2011). "'The Sicilian Mafia'. Twenty Years After Publication".

6549: 5303:"From the player's villa to the vineyards All the assets of the Bacchus empire" 3652:

Buonanno, Paolo; Durante, Ruben; Prarolo, Giovanni; Vanin, Paolo (2015-08-01).

2548: 2538: 2439: 2186: 2023: 1657: 1613: 1544: 1500: 1418: 1414: 1349: 1283: 1234: 1144: 1109: 1057: 919: 833: 717: 640: 582: 568: 528: 447: 257: 172: 3771: 3309: 1048:(AMGOT) simply appointed replacements. Many turned out to be mafiosi, such as 983:

felt that he had been slighted and instructed the townsfolk not to attend the

9975: 9896: 9541: 9360: 9340: 9304: 9061: 9054: 8588: 8511: 8499: 8464: 8439: 8429: 8353: 8243: 8228: 8145: 7979: 7902: 7758: 7676: 7390: 7253: 7133: 7048: 6984: 6877: 6398: 5577: 4886: 3780: 3687: 3594:

The Mafia and the ‘Problem of the Mafia": Organised Crime in Italy, 1820–1970

2396:, as tighter lending by banks forced the desperate to borrow from the Mafia. 2377: 2226: 1810: 1674: 1601: 1560: 894:

Sketch of the 1901 trial of suspected mafiosi in Palermo. From the newspaper

811: 706: 692: 680: 391: 125: 4568:"Andreotti morto, il tribunale disse: 'Ebbe rapporti organici con la mafia'" 1487:

The choice to hit cultural and church targets was partly to destabilize the

1393:, a mafioso who chose to turn informant in exchange for protection from the 1249:. Starting in 1975, Cosa Nostra set up heroin refineries around the island. 9906: 9551: 9425: 9395: 9330: 9078: 9073: 8691: 8579: 8481: 8471: 8332: 7962: 7716: 7053: 2480: 2421: 1824: 1644: 1592: 1135: 1134:

The post-war period saw a huge building boom in Palermo. Allied bombing in

1105: 971:

As prime minister, Mussolini visited Sicily in May 1924 and passed through

839: 807: 799: 745: 209: 191: 7233: 2116:

Money cannot be appropriated if it belongs to others or to other families.

1056:. They could easily present themselves as political dissidents, and their 510:

by members. Mafiosi introduce known members to each other as belonging to

249: 9754: 9729: 9656: 9651: 9556: 8958: 8522: 8165: 7875: 7763: 7701: 7324: 7079: 6868: 6239:

Italian firms may be tempted by offers they can't refuse - from the mafia

2674: 2276: 2107:

Appointments must absolutely be respected (refers to rank and authority).

1760: 1624: 1527: 1068: 1000: 996: 816: 803: 201: 121: 113: 2363:

profits involved were too large to keep the operations at arm's length.

9677: 9661: 8965: 8947: 8393: 8193: 7942: 7907: 7696: 7648: 7617: 7342: 7319: 7088: 7084: 7063: 6785: 5034:

Caserta, revocato 41 bis a figlio Bidognetti: lo dice ancora l'Espresso

3678: 3669: 3150: 2518: 2389: 2230: 1790: 1517:

After Riina's capture, the leadership of the Mafia was briefly held by

1361: 1073: 1006: 787: 725: 701: 646: 518:("the same thing"), meaning "he is the same thing as you – a mafioso." 129: 7723: 5580:, Intervista a Salvatore Lupo di Marco Nebiolo, Narcomafie, April 2006 2007:

described the ceremony in which he was formally made a full member of

1551:. In 2006, the 'Ndrangheta was estimated to control 80 percent of the 1318:

At the same time that the Corleonesi waged their campaign to dominate

9704: 9465:

Collaborations between the United States government and Italian Mafia

8952: 8298: 8283: 8155: 7969: 7421: 7296: 7238: 7218: 7073: 6519:, Cornell Studies in International Affairs, Occasional Papers No. 23. 2283:). Industries which fit this description include garbage collection. 2264: 2065: 1802: 1747: 1727: 1660:

had set up a profitable food export company with the Sicilian mafia.

1238: 1089:

celebrations on May 1, 1947. The bloodbath was perpetrated by bandit

1078: 1064: 783: 276:, which were often used as hiding places for refugees and criminals. 109: 87: 77: 9960: 9067: 7123: 3653: 2300:

their clients, who need not fear their businesses being taken over.

2174: 2169: 757: 385: 287:

might have Arabic roots. Possible Arabic roots of the word include:

9724: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9026: 8988: 7357: 7347: 7113: 6949:

Mafioso. A history of the Mafia from its origins to the present day

4208:

The Sack of Palermo and the Concrete Business of the Sicilian Mafia

2433:. They read: "You did not kill them: their ideas walk on our legs". 1548: 1461: 1366: 1325: 1242: 1207: 896: 721: 540: 532: 213: 6914:

Reversible Destiny: Mafia, Antimafia, and the Struggle for Palermo

6673: 5694:, interview with Letizia Paoli, Max Planck Research, February 2004 5123:"Anti-Mafia Bust in Italy and Germany Snares 37 Sicilian Mobsters" 1846:

or "boss of bosses" that allegedly "commands all of Cosa Nostra".

1797:

The actual structure of any given clan can vary. Despite the name

1272: 716:

However, by ignoring the cultural aspects, according to historian

9430: 9229: 8972: 8198: 8135: 7706: 7622: 7395: 7306: 7138: 7094: 6992: 5871: 5153:"Italian, German police seize millions, bust Sicilian mafia ring" 2785: 2533: 1769: 1636: 1632: 1552: 1449: 1086: 824: 536: 438: 353: 273: 269: 73: 69: 6480:

Un morto ogni tanto. La mia battaglia contro la mafia invisibile

6392:

L’associazionismo a Corleone: Un’inchiesta storica e sociologica

6201:(in Italian). confesercenti.it. October 22, 2007. Archived from 5273:"Game Over for Italy's "King of Gambling" linked to Cosa Nostra" 1831:

must be impartial, devoid of conflict of interest and ambition.

1373:(in sunglasses) is led into court at the Maxi Trial, circa 1986. 9932: 9309: 9031: 8293: 8260: 8057: 7753: 7405: 7362: 7352: 4966:"Italy's most-wanted mafia boss Matteo Messina Denaro arrested" 2617:

Federation of American Scientists Intelligence Resource Program

2558: 1948: 1506: 1495:

had abrogated an unwritten hands-off policy toward traditional

1481: 1430: 1398: 1246: 1230: 1224: 1113: 933: 923: 552: 180: 133: 49: 2371:

The Sicilian Mafia in Italy is believed to have a turnover of

2359:

faith. They also ensure that the smugglers operate in safety.

2080:, thought to be guidelines on good, respectful, and honorable 442:), the real name of the Mafia is "Cosa Nostra" ("Our Thing"). 9739: 7291: 7057: 6163:

Patients die as Sicilian mafia buys into the hospital service

4756: 3720:

Dimico, Arcangelo; Olsson, Ola; Isopi, Alessia (2012-05-13).

2372: 2113:

When asked for any information, the answer must be the truth.

1695: 1623:

In October 2017, members of the Renzvillo crime family and 2

1469: 1408: 1203: 810:

steadily sold off or rented their lands to private citizens.

739: 301: 196: 6404:

Mafia Business. The Mafia Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

3338:

Economic Origins of the Mafia and Patronage System in Sicily

3278:"Art. 416-bis, Codice Penale - Associazione di Tipo mafioso" 2590:"Mapping the mafia: Italy's web of criminal gangs explained" 264:, means a beautiful or attractive female. The Sicilian word 9616: 9083: 9048: 8042: 7281: 7128: 4728:

The Olive Tree of Peace: The massacre in via dei Georgofili

3651: 2741: 2190: 1477: 1101: 985: 868: 204:

over a territory, usually a town, village or neighborhood (

4655:"338 Guilty in Sicily in a Mafia Trial; 19 Get Life Terms" 798:

owned most of the land and enforced the law through their

5389:"19 mafia suspects arrested in joint transatlantic raids" 4422:"Growth in Heroin Use Ending as City Users Turn to Crack" 3367:

CEPR Discussion Papers 3123, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

3137:

Usi e costumi, credenze e pregiudizi del popolo siciliano

2731: 2729: 1664: 1422: 474:

and disseminated by the media. The FBI added the article

9585: 5073:

Italy’s Mafia learns to profit from the migration crisis

4562: 4560: 5744: 5742: 5702: 5700: 3750:

Dimico, Arcangelo; Isopi, Alessia; Olsson, Ola (2017).

2182:), and his enemies may see him as weak and vulnerable. 2143: 1616:

investigation revealed that the Mafia profits from the

1108:

and associated communists. In 1957 American mafia boss

260:. In reference to a woman, however, the feminine-form, 6621:

The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection

5363:"Italy police arrest alleged new mafia boss in Sicily" 3752:"Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: The Market for Lemons" 3454:

The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection

2726: 2130:

recounted similar Commandments in his 1987 testimony:

918:

attributed the emergence of the Sicilian Mafia to the

748:, article 416-bis of the Italian Penal Code defines a 6964:

http://www.ec.unipi.it/ricerca/discussion-papers.html

4936:"Arrestato il boss della mafia Matteo Messina Denaro" 4557: 2451:

in turn allows them to protect many clients at once.

2104:

is a duty - even if your wife is about to give birth.

7827: 6911:

Schneider, Jane T. & Peter T. Schneider (2003).

6846:

REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana

5989: 5987: 5810: 5808: 5739: 5697: 2861: 2859: 2470: 1206:. In June, six military officers and a policeman in 1104:, a major hub for drug smuggling, was taken over by 6610:

Condizioni Politiche e Amministrative della Sicilia

6577:

The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796

6060: 5588: 5586: 4541: 4461: 4062: 4034: 4022: 3927: 3875: 3608: 3606: 3188: 2871: 2048:

Mafiosi of equal status sometimes call each other "

1587:had direct contact in 1993 with representatives of 1421:on May 23, 1992, with 400 kg (880 lb) of 1085:, when 11 people were killed and 33 wounded during 9626:List of criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates 6803:Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style 6698: 6387:Revolutionary Mafiosi: Voice and Exit in the 1890s 6106: 4872: 4220: 3436: 3434: 1100:led to the imprisonment of many American mafiosi. 1096:In the 1950s, a crackdown in the United States on 1046:Allied Military Government of Occupied Territories 992:s speech. Mussolini felt humiliated and outraged. 9004:List of Italian-American mobsters by organization 6349: 6251: 6131: 6119: 6081: 5999: 5984: 5960: 5805: 5793: 5781: 3848: 3846: 3749: 3719: 3307: 3031:Sicily itself and in the rest of Southern Italy." 2856: 470:was understood as a proper name, fostered by the 9973: 6482:(in Italian). RCS MEDIAGROUP (Solferino Libri). 6471:, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Apr., 2003), pp. 218–244. 6361: 6337: 6325: 6287: 6275: 6263: 6035: 6023: 6011: 5972: 5667: 5665: 5650: 5583: 5277:Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project 5127:Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project 4765:"Bombings Laid to Mafia War on Italy and Church" 3603: 3596:, by Gianluca Fulvetti, in Fijnaut & Paoli, 3530: 3506: 3504: 1452:, but also in response to the overruling of the 634:Until the 1980s, leading social scientists like 30:"The mafia" redirects here. For other uses, see 6156: 4983:"Berlusconi implicated in deal with godfathers" 4825: 4784: 4740: 4493: 4477: 4445: 4397: 4354: 3431: 3419: 3378: 3043:, pp. 163–164: (Italian) "Laonde il sostantivo 2425:Sheets commemorating murdered Antimafia judges 2335:votes to go to friendly parties and candidates. 2135:maintain proper behavior; to keep silent about 1954: 836:have identified these groups as "proto-Mafia". 216:", although the public often refers to them as 6933:Mafia: money and politics in Sicily, 1950–1997 6449:Addio Cosa nostra: La vita di Tommaso Buscetta 6390:, in: Paolo Viola & Titti Morello (eds.), 6047: 4338: 4322: 4306: 4252: 4236: 4134: 4106: 4046: 3990: 3887: 3843: 3408: 3406: 3398:A History of Sicily: Modern Sicily, after 1713 3206: 2658: 2656: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2254: 456:U.S. Senate Committee on Government Operations 9992:Organizations established in the 19th century 9601: 8538: 7813: 7734:Sicilian brigandage and rebels (20th century) 7008: 6590:Fijnaut, Cyrille & Letizia Paoli (2004), 6468:Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization 5662: 4942:(in Italian). 16 January 2023. Archived from 3571: 3501: 3459: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 1081:reformers. The most notorious attack was the 208:) of a larger city, in which it operates its 6683:Mafia & Mafiosi: Origin, Power, and Myth 6528:Cosa Nostra: A History of the Sicilian Mafia 4122: 3977: 3915: 3903: 2972: 2759: 2683:(1at ed.). Thomas Dunne Books. p. 1951:for the clan until it can elect a new boss. 1685: 975:, where he was received by mayor/Mafia boss 347: 335: 323: 311: 295: 248:", but can also be translated as "boldness, 10002:Secret societies related to organized crime 6394:(Istituto Gramsci Siciliano, Palermo, 2004) 4721: 3559: 3403: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3051: 2802:Mafia & Mafiosi: Origin, Power and Myth 2799: 2653: 2627: 1491:, but also because the Mafia felt that the 1456:. Tourist spots were attacked, such as the 167:; "our thing"), also referred to as simply 9608: 9594: 8552: 8545: 8531: 7820: 7806: 7015: 7001: 6428:Men of Dishonor: Inside the Sicilian Mafia 6232: 6213: 5008: 4999:"Berlusconi aide 'struck deal with mafia'" 4992: 4976: 4703:"New Arrests for Via D'Amelio Bomb Attack" 4624: 4419: 4150: 4074: 3587: 3546: 3332: 3330: 3177: 3175: 3067: 2940: 2514:Sicilian Mafia during the Mussolini regime 2411: 2275:, etc.) and difficult to set up (numerous 1758:) and supervised by one or more advisers ( 1409:War against the state and Riina's downfall 1389:. Their big break came with the arrest of 1241:were shut down by French authorities, and 955:Sicilian mafia during the Mussolini regime 740:Mafia-type organizations under Italian law 6867: 6857: 6474: 5563: 5561: 5053:Amnesty International Report 2003 – Italy 4958: 4874:"Arrested Mafia boss names his successor" 4841: 4762: 4175: 4103:, by Tim Newark, American Mafia, May 2007 3862: 3830: 3770: 3677: 2404:Certain types of crimes are forbidden by 2303: 2052:", while inferiors call their superiors " 6752: 6642: 6617: 6425: 6397: 6367: 6355: 6343: 6331: 6293: 6281: 6269: 6257: 6137: 6125: 6087: 6041: 6029: 6017: 6005: 5993: 5978: 5966: 5814: 5799: 5787: 5678: 5656: 5213:"Mafia operation in Sicily, 58 arrested" 4595: 4593: 4360: 4287: 4268: 4012: 3440: 3425: 3384: 3350: 3213:. Columbia University Press. p. 7. 3162: 3086: 3057: 3015: 3003: 2747: 2735: 2662: 2648: 2420: 2240: 2225:In Sicily, protection money is known as 2157: 1880:without facing murder charges himself). 1842:The media has often made reference to a 1722: 1570: 1505: 1445:mother, aunt, and sister were murdered. 1365: 1324: 1271: 889: 881: 872: 838: 819:– from 2,000 in 1812 to 20,000 by 1861. 452:Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations 352:): the name of an Arab tribe that ruled 7469:Grand Hotel et des Palmes Mafia meeting 6936:, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 6839: 6705:. New York: Columbia University Press. 6496: 5833: 5768: 5540:The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Mafia 5046: 3488: 3327: 3247: 3172: 2179: 1927:) to sit on its Provincial Commission. 1034: 14: 9974: 7453:List of Sicilian Mafia members by city 6823:The Oxford Handbook of Organized Crime 6756:An Economic History of Organized Crime 6606: 6522: 5558: 5445: 4831: 4806: 4790: 4746: 4667:from the original on 22 September 2019 4599: 4547: 4499: 4483: 4467: 4451: 4403: 4344: 4328: 4312: 4258: 4242: 4226: 4140: 4112: 4087: 4052: 3996: 3893: 3852: 3612: 3577: 3536: 3465: 3040: 2963: 2701: 1959: 948: 940:linked Mafia activity to "the rise of 162: 9589: 8526: 7801: 7628:List of victims of the Sicilian Mafia 6996: 6806:. New York: Oxford University Press. 6799: 6686:, London: Hurst & Co Publishers, 6430:. Translated by Marc Romano. Morrow. 5343:from the original on 23 February 2018 5313:from the original on 22 February 2018 5283:from the original on 23 February 2018 5253:from the original on 23 February 2018 5243:"'Betting king' among 31 in Mafia op" 5062:, Amnesty International, May 28, 2003 5015:"Mafia supergrass fingers Berlusconi" 4870: 4644:, The Independent, September 24, 1995 4590: 4094:"Fighting the Mafia in World War Two" 3200: 3143: 3128: 3102: 2978: 2707:This etymology is based on the books 2623:from the original on 27 January 2022. 2504:List of victims of the Sicilian Mafia 2200: 777: 153: 9987:19th-century establishments in Italy 9946: 6892: 6842:"Caporalato. An Authentic Agromafia" 6719: 6696: 6663: 6497:Mancuso, Rosalba (8 November 2019). 6220:Italian Mafia cashes in on recession 6066: 5223:from the original on 23 January 2018 5163:from the original on 19 October 2017 5133:from the original on 19 October 2017 4709:from the original on 13 October 2012 4372: 4128: 4068: 4040: 4028: 3933: 3921: 3909: 3881: 3565: 3194: 3118: 2877: 2865: 2828:. americanmafia.com. February 2004. 2673: 2610: 2144:No documentation of Mafia activities 1112:returned to Sicily to franchise his 68:Mainly western Sicily, particularly 9670: 5867:"Ten Commandments of The Mafia 4/9" 3310:"John Dickie on Blood Brotherhoods" 3255:Mafia: money and politics in Sicily 3009: 2399: 2315: 2286: 2229:; the anti-extortion support group 2110:Wives must be treated with respect. 2091:Never look at the wives of friends. 2071: 1591:who was then planning the birth of 1534: 1261: 629: 348: 336: 324: 312: 296: 24: 7022: 5841:"Mafia's 'Ten Commandments' found" 5365:. globalnews.ca. 4 December 2018. 4525:. The Guardian. February 21, 2004. 4434:from the original on 24 March 2016 1809:organizations (such as the larger 1173: 1123: 458:in 1963 (at what are known as the 25: 10033: 8999:List of Italian-American mobsters 8118:Comité Régional d'Action Viticole 7729:Italian brigandage (19th century) 7608:Direzione Investigativa Antimafia 6985:Direzione Investigativa Antimafia 6978: 6820: 5847:from the original on May 13, 2008 5421:from the original on 17 July 2019 5417:. theguardian.com. 17 July 2019. 5395:from the original on 17 July 2019 5369:from the original on 17 July 2019 4807:Sample, Kristen (15 April 2014). 4600:Hooper, John (20 February 2009). 4578:from the original on 1 April 2019 2577: 2328:large number of political parties 2015:, then the most powerful boss of 1764:). Under his command are groups ( 1718: 1711:beginning in the late 1950s (the 1672:. According to Italian newspaper 1567:, who was arrested only in 2023. 1214: 10022:Organized crime groups in Canada 9955: 9945: 9572: 9571: 7510:Portella della Ginestra massacre 6897:. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. 6411:]. Oxford University Press. 6312: 6299: 6188: 6175: 6143: 6093: 6072: 5951: 5938: 5925: 5891: 5875:. 26 August 2009. Archived from 5859: 5820: 5755: 5726: 5713: 5685:Crisis among the "Men of Honour" 5637: 5618: 5599: 5545: 5532: 5519: 5506: 5493: 5480: 5467: 5433: 5407: 5381: 5355: 5325: 5295: 5265: 5235: 5205: 5175: 5145: 5115: 5091: 5065: 5024: 4928: 4904: 4864: 4800: 4763:Tagliabue, John (15 July 1994). 4695: 4679: 4647: 4620:– via www.theguardian.com. 4612:from the original on 9 July 2018 4528: 4509: 4420:Peter Kerr (13 September 1986), 4413: 4384: 4366: 3308:HachetteAustralia (2011-02-09). 2509:Sicilian Center of Documentation 2473: 2383: 2030: 1377:In the early 1980s, magistrates 1336:, had proven links to the Mafia. 1083:Portella della Ginestra massacre 316:): aggressive boasting, bragging 10017:Organised crime groups in Italy 9381:Italian-American National Union 6952:, London: Secker & Warburg 6172:, The Guardian, January 1, 2007 5606:Warrant for British "Mafia wife 4893:from the original on 2022-01-11 4293: 4281: 4201: 4006: 3958: 3939: 3819:from the original on 2019-02-14 3801: 3790:from the original on 2019-08-21 3759:The Journal of Economic History 3743: 3732:from the original on 2017-04-12 3722:"Origins of the Sicilian Mafia" 3713: 3702:from the original on 2019-08-28 3645: 3622: 3517: 3475: 3446: 3390: 3316:from the original on 2013-02-15 3301: 3290:from the original on 2019-10-29 3270: 3238: 3227:from the original on 2019-10-19 3080: 3034: 3024: 2997: 2984: 2921: 2902: 2883: 2843: 2832:from the original on 2017-09-22 2818: 2793: 2753: 1039:In 1943, nearly half a million 792:unification with mainland Italy 212:. Its members call themselves " 190:The basic group is known as a " 155:[ˈkɔːzaˈnɔstra,ˈkɔːsa-] 9521:Saint Valentine's Day Massacre 7540:Via Federico Pipitone massacre 7448:List of Sicilian Mafia members 6919:University of California Press 6859:10.1590/1980-85852503880005615 6840:Perocco, Fabio (August 2019). 6649:. Princeton University Press. 5843:. BBC News. November 9, 2007. 4737:, The Florentine, 24 May 2012) 4185:"Portella, fu strage di mafia" 3064:, p. 137 (English translation) 2667: 2604: 2582: 2571: 2489:List of Sicilian Mafia members 2366: 2320: 1863:" is without any foundation". 1635:, Enna, Ragusa, Agrigento and 1433:, Sicily. Borsellino was also 486:is not used when referring to 436:According to Mafia turncoats ( 244:) roughly translates to mean " 13: 1: 10012:Transnational organized crime 7985:Kinahan Organised Crime Group 6607:Franchetti, Leopoldo (1877). 6580:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 6409:La mafia imprenditrice (1983) 6248:, The Guardian, July 23, 2009 5634:, TIME Magazine, June 2, 2002 4871:Moore, Malcolm (2006-04-25). 4705:. corriere.it. 8 March 2012. 2990:Paraphrase. See chapter 5 of 2611:Pike, John (3 October 1998). 2564: 2445: 1905: 1866: 1355: 1202:survived a murder attempt in 300:): exempted. In Islamic law, 179:originating on the island of 10007:Organized crime by ethnicity 8565:List of Mafia crime families 7682:Article 41-bis prison regime 7598:Italian Antimafia Commission 7593:Sangiorgi report (1898-1900) 6574:Duggan, Christopher (2008). 5571:Zu Binnu? Non è il superboss 5441:What Makes Mafias Different? 5043:, Casertasete, January, 2006 4631:All the prime minister's men 2494:List of Sicilian Mafia clans 2353: 2119:People who can't be part of 2043: 1955:Rituals and codes of conduct 1577:article 41-bis prison regime 1454:Article 41-bis prison regime 754:associazione di tipo mafioso 709:, in his seminal 1983 study 223: 7: 9250:Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan 8832:(Northeastern Pennsylvania) 7938:Clerkenwell crime syndicate 7644:1960s Sicilian Mafia trials 6825:. Oxford University Press. 6546:Journal of Economic History 6501:. Advicesbooks Book Reviews 5957:Balletta and Lavezzi (2019) 5615:, BBC News, January 8, 2007 4809:"Beware of the Pax Mafioso" 2592:. Euronews.com. 25 May 2021 2499:Mandamento (Sicilian Mafia) 2466: 2255:Protection from competition 2100:Always being available for 2097:Don't go to pubs and clubs. 1877: 1734:In 1984, mafioso informant 1625:Carabinieri military police 929:Journal of Economic History 558: 10: 10038: 7975:Hutch Organized Crime Gang 7570:Via dei Georgofili bombing 7044:Interprovincial Commission 6626:Princeton University Press 6377: 3813:Review of Economic Studies 2720: 2167: 2003:After his arrest, mafioso 1963: 1909: 1839:"nothing mixed with nil". 1658:American Mafia in New York 1443:Francesco Marino Mannoia's 1403:Supreme Court of Cassation 1359: 1265: 1177: 1127: 952: 938:Review of Economic Studies 764: 252:". In reference to a man, 232:originated in Sicily. The 29: 9941: 9920: 9763: 9717: 9632: 9623: 9615: 9569: 9534: 9498: 9455: 9448: 9323: 9222: 9211: 9184: 9161: 9138: 9103: 9096: 9012: 8985: 8935: 8928: 8871:(Little Italy, Manhattan) 8822: 8791: 8749: 8715: 8675: 8650: 8634: 8599: 8587: 8578: 8560: 8492: 8412: 8364: 8341: 8325: 8307: 8274: 8174: 8126: 8084: 8066: 8033: 8010: 7918: 7836: 7772: 7664: 7636: 7585: 7528:Circonvallazione massacre 7500: 7477: 7461: 7440: 7414: 7381: 7333: 7305: 7272: 7209: 7200: 7147: 7104: 7030: 6753:McCarthy, Dennis (2011). 6728:Columbia University Press 6618:Gambetta, Diego (1996) . 6461:Bandiera, Oriana (2002). 3772:10.1017/S002205071700078X 3629:"To Annihilate the Mafia" 3598:Organised crime in Europe 2416: 2163: 2064:is the Italian term for " 2060:" means "comrade", while 1912:Sicilian Mafia Commission 1713:Sicilian Mafia Commission 1686:Structure and composition 1645:migrant reception centers 1385:began a campaign against 1292:Sicilian Mafia Commission 1118:Sicilian Mafia Commission 398:Filippo Antonio Gualterio 268:refers to the caves near 164:[ˈkɔːsaˈnɔʂː(ɽ)a] 101: 93: 83: 64: 56: 45: 27:Organized crime syndicate 9928:Cryptocurrency and crime 9470:Operation Family Secrets 9401:National Crime Syndicate 9111:Atlantic City Conference 7782:Organized crime in Italy 6720:Lupo, Salvatore (2011). 6701:The History of the Mafia 6697:Lupo, Salvatore (2009). 6643:Gambetta, Diego (2009). 6548:77.4 (2017): 1083–1115. 6426:Arlacchi, Pino (1993) . 6229:, Euranet, March 9, 2009 4848:"Move over, Cosa Nostra" 4162:La strage e i depistaggi 3363:Oriana Bandiera (2002). 2937:, Time, 11 October 1963. 2804:. NYU Press. p. 1. 2094:Never be seen with cops. 1834:Other than its members, 1547:crime organization from 1474:San Giovanni in Laterano 493:In 1984, Mafia turncoat 478:to the term, calling it 388:or code of silence) and 9366:East Harlem Purple Gang 9235:Colacurcio Organization 8099:Gang de la Brise de Mer 6946:Servadio, Gaia (1976), 6821:Paoli, Letizia (2014). 6800:Paoli, Letizia (2003). 6783:Mosca, Gaetano (2014). 6646:Codes of the Underworld 6447:Arlacchi, Pino (1994). 6183:Codes of the Underworld 5645:Codes of the Underworld 3974:, Time, 23 January 1928 3955:, Time, 24 October 1927 3207:Salvatore Lupo (2011). 2918:, Time, 4 October 1963. 2899:, Time, 16 August 1963. 2715:by Diego Gambetta, and 2412:Violence and reputation 2273:product differentiation 1966:Mafia initiation ritual 1620:and exploits refugees. 1618:European migrant crisis 1476:and Via San Teodoro in 1334:Prime Minister of Italy 1233:refineries operated by 942:socialist Peasant Fasci 861:Niccolò Turrisi Colonna 794:. Under feudalism, the 679:Other scholars such as 587:Codes of the Underworld 506:, confirmed the use of 482:(in Italy, the article 362:I mafiusi di la Vicaria 281:once an Islamic emirate 185:protection racketeering 106:Protection racketeering 9750:Outlaw motorcycle club 9315:Velentzas Organization 9285:Philadelphia Greek Mob 9198:Mafia Commission Trial 9192:Pizza Connection Trial 8782:10th & Oregon Crew 8697:Greenwich Village Crew 8554:Italian-American Mafia 7859:Gang of Pusi i Mezinit 7655:Pizza Connection Trial 7274:Caltanissetta Province 6930:Seindal, René (1998). 6613:. Firenze: G. Barbera. 6516:The Mafia and Politics 6513:Chubb, Judith (1989). 5931:Pino Arlacchi (1992). 5439:Letizia Paoli (2020). 4733:14 August 2014 at the 2826:"Sicily And The Mafia" 2434: 2345: 2304:Protection territories 2141: 2001: 1731: 1514: 1374: 1337: 1279: 1245:traffickers looked to 1167: 1029: 936:. A 2019 study in the 901: 887: 844: 750:Mafia-type association 744:Introduced in 1982 by 711:La mafia imprenditrice 698: 677: 623: 592: 434: 60:Since the 19th century 46:Founding location 32:Mafia (disambiguation) 9270:Musitano crime family 9042:Black Hand in Chicago 8772:Angiulo's Boston crew 8764:(Northern New Jersey) 7576:Via Palestro massacre 7373:San Mauro Castelverde 6893:Raab, Selwyn (2005). 6680:Hess, Henner (1998). 6563:Yale University Press 6559:Fascism and the Mafia 6384:Alcorn, John (2004). 5776:Revolutionary Mafiosi 5391:. CNN. 17 July 2019. 5309:. Riccardo Lo Verso. 3838:Fascism and the Mafia 2760:John Follain (2009). 2424: 2332: 2241:Protection from theft 2218:in their territory). 2132: 1984: 1746:) who is aided by an 1730:of a Cosa Nostra clan 1726: 1607:Amnesty International 1571:Modern Mafia in Italy 1565:Matteo Messina Denaro 1511:Via Palestro massacre 1509: 1493:Roman Catholic Church 1425:positioned under the 1369: 1344:and High Court judge 1328: 1275: 1153: 1120:to mediate disputes. 1019: 893: 885: 842: 685: 664: 605: 574: 450:testified before the 420: 340:): safety, protection 200:. Each family claims 177:criminal organization 37:Criminal organization 9921:Financial regulation 9485:Operation Underworld 9475:Operation Old Bridge 9406:New Springville Boys 9290:Rizzuto crime family 9280:Papalia crime family 9265:Luppino crime family 9255:Inzerillo Mafia clan 9245:Cotroni crime family 9129:Palermo Mafia summit 8621:New Springville Boys 8455:Solntsevskaya Bratva 8189:Banda della Comasina 8184:Banda della Magliana 8141:Al-Zein crime family 8020:Krejčíř organization 7777:American Cosa Nostra 7692:Banda della Magliana 7687:Banda della Comasina 7672:American Cosa Nostra 7564:Via D'Amelio bombing 7522:Viale Lazio massacre 7287:Vallelunga Pratameno 7264:Campobello di Licata 7259:Palma di Montechiaro 6723:History of the Mafia 4663:. 17 December 1987. 4217:, Florence Newspaper 3870:The Force of Destiny 3658:The Economic Journal 3512:History of the Mafia 3414:History of the Mafia 3210:History of the Mafia 2800:Henner Hess (1998). 2719:by John Dickie (see 2578:Paoli (2014), p. 124 2529:Banda della Magliana 2524:Banda della Comasina 2394:late-2000s recession 2265:collusive agreements 2078:Salvatore Lo Piccolo 1705:monopoly on violence 1670:Gambino crime family 1555:imported to Europe. 1435:killed by a car bomb 1290:and a member of the 1282:In the early 1970s, 1187:In 1962, mafia boss 1054:Giuseppe Genco Russo 1035:Post-Fascist revival 964:propaganda coup for 915:The Economic Journal 9547:Buster from Chicago 9511:Hired Truck Program 9490:Operation Wasteland 9416:South Brooklyn Boys 9391:Marat Balagula gang 9175:Castellammarese War 8707:Springfield faction 8404:Södertäljenätverket 8025:Mrázek organization 7953:Quality Street Gang 7534:Via Carini massacre 6555:Duggan, Christopher 6478:(25 October 2018). 5828:Excellent Cadavers. 5625:Meet the Modern Mob 5249:. 1 February 2018. 5219:. 22 January 2018. 4572:Il Fatto Quotidiano 3640:The New York Times, 3483:Mafia Brotherhoods. 2762:The Last Godfathers 1960:Initiation ceremony 1856:Bernardo Provenzano 1523:Bernardo Provenzano 1304:Gaetano Badalamenti 1221:cigarette smuggling 949:Fascist suppression 906:a series of reports 658:. According to the 618:Leopoldo Franchetti 565:Leopoldo Franchetti 102:Criminal activities 42: 9735:Front organization 9526:Rochester bombings 9411:Rudaj Organization 9386:Maceo Organization 9341:Bumpy Johnson gang 9336:Bugs and Meyer Mob 9295:Sacra Corona Unita 9146:Kefauver Committee 8792:Midwestern/Western 8732:New Jersey faction 8702:New Jersey faction 8616:Motion Lounge crew 8570:Mafia bibliography 8460:Tambovskaya Bratva 8413:Post-Soviet states 8399:Original Gangsters 8239:Sardinian banditry 8224:Sacra Corona Unita 7948:Lyons Crime Family 7787:Mafia bibliography 7749:Sacra Corona Unita 7552:Pizzolungo bombing 7249:Sambuca di Sicilia 7211:Agrigento Province 6969:2018-01-23 at the 6307:The Sicilian Mafia 6244:2017-01-18 at the 6225:2011-07-21 at the 6168:2017-05-10 at the 6151:The Sicilian Mafia 6114:The Sicilian Mafia 6055:The Sicilian Mafia 5946:Mafia Brotherhoods 5919:2016-06-03 at the 5908:2016-05-12 at the 5899:The Sicilian Mafia 5763:Mafia Brotherhoods 5750:The Sicilian Mafia 5721:Mafia Brotherhoods 5708:The Sicilian Mafia 5690:2010-02-09 at the 5673:Mafia Brotherhoods 5630:2009-08-06 at the 5611:2009-09-15 at the 5594:The Sicilian Mafia 5527:Mafia Brotherhoods 5514:Mafia Brotherhoods 5501:Mafia Brotherhoods 5488:The Sicilian Mafia 5464:by Klaus Von Lampe 5460:2007-09-27 at the 5454:Mafia Brotherhoods 5193:on 23 January 2018 5104:2017-10-09 at the 5078:2015-11-18 at the 5058:2012-10-09 at the 5039:2007-10-06 at the 5021:, January 12, 2003 5017:by Philip Willan, 4989:, December 5, 2002 4972:. 16 January 2023. 4946:on 16 January 2023 4853:2016-12-01 at the 4770:The New York Times 4660:The New York Times 4636:2012-11-04 at the 4536:Mafia Brotherhoods 4521:2020-02-15 at the 4427:The New York Times 4301:The Sicilian Mafia 4276:Mafia Brotherhoods 4213:2009-03-15 at the 4190:2011-07-26 at the 4167:2011-09-27 at the 4099:2007-07-08 at the 3970:2008-05-11 at the 3951:2008-05-11 at the 3670:10.1111/ecoj.12236 3664:(586): F175–F202. 3634:2019-10-29 at the 3525:Mafia Brotherhoods 3496:Mafia Brotherhoods 3371:2012-03-19 at the 3343:2011-07-20 at the 3264:2016-05-06 at the 3183:Mafia Brotherhoods 3091:The Sicilian Mafia 3062:The Sicilian Mafia 3020:The Sicilian Mafia 2992:The Sicilian Mafia 2933:2009-05-16 at the 2914:2009-05-16 at the 2895:2009-05-14 at the 2851:The Sicilian Mafia 2750:, pp. 259–261 2713:The Sicilian Mafia 2711:by Gaia Servadio, 2554:Sacra Corona Unita 2435: 2341:Antonino Calderone 2201:Protection rackets 2128:Antonino Calderone 1974:, a leader of the 1861:capo di tutti capi 1844:capo di tutti capi 1732: 1641:San Biagio Platani 1515: 1458:Via dei Georgofili 1375: 1338: 1280: 1235:Corsican gangsters 1193:Calcedonio Di Pisa 1091:Salvatore Giuliano 1026:Antonino Calderone 902: 888: 845: 806:. After 1812, the 778:Post-feudal Sicily 545:Sacra Corona Unita 504:Salvatore Contorno 500:Antonino Calderone 40: 9969: 9968: 9713: 9712: 9583: 9582: 9565: 9564: 9506:French Connection 9444: 9443: 9361:Dutch Schultz Mob 9207: 9206: 9169:Mafia–Camorra War 9123:Apalachin meeting 9117:Havana Conference 9092: 9091: 9022:Initiation ritual 8924: 8923: 8745: 8744: 8687:116th Street Crew 8520: 8519: 8450:Orekhovskaya gang 8425:Azerbaijani mafia 8234:Strisciuglio clan 7886:Montenegrin mafia 7795: 7794: 7546:Train 904 bombing 7436: 7435: 7368:Belmonte Mezzagno 6904:978-1-86105-952-9 6795:979-11-85666-00-6 6769:978-0-203-81425-3 6712:978-0-231-13134-6 6537:978-0-340-93526-2 6489:978-88-282-0132-8 6451:, Milan: Rizzoli 6318:Oriana Bandiera. 6208:on March 4, 2009. 5553:Addio Cosa nostra 5452:Review of Paoli, 5339:. Matthew Vella. 5005:, January 8, 2003 4691:978-88-7796-845-6 4373:Arlacchi (1993). 4198:November 22, 2009 3642:February 27, 1898 2928:"The Smell of It" 2909:Killers in Prison 2281:barriers to entry 1589:Silvio Berlusconi 1521:, then passed to 1519:Leoluca Bagarella 1472:, and the Piazza 1346:Corrado Carnevale 1200:Angelo La Barbera 1180:Ciaculli massacre 873:initiation ritual 514:("our thing") or 139: 138: 57:Years active 16:(Redirected from 10029: 9959: 9949: 9948: 9907:Papua New Guinea 9668: 9667: 9610: 9603: 9596: 9587: 9586: 9575: 9574: 9535:Related articles 9480:Operation Solare 9453: 9452: 9436:Winter Hill Gang 9371:Five Points Gang 9346:New York Camorra 9240:Commisso 'ndrina 9220: 9219: 9152:Valachi hearings 9101: 9100: 9058:(boss of bosses) 8936:Chain of command 8933: 8932: 8865:(Italian Harlem) 8727:Brooklyn faction 8597: 8596: 8585: 8584: 8547: 8540: 8533: 8524: 8523: 8445:Brothers' Circle 8256:Società foggiana 8161:Osmanen Germania 8053:Loyal to Familia 7881:Macedonian mafia 7831:groups in Europe 7822: 7815: 7808: 7799: 7798: 7613:State-Mafia Pact 7516:Ciaculli bombing 7491:Second Mafia War 7401:Mazara del Vallo 7383:Trapani Province 7335:Palermo Province 7224:Santa Elisabetta 7207: 7206: 7187:Cuntrera-Caruana 7031:Chain of command 7017: 7010: 7003: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6908: 6889: 6871: 6861: 6836: 6817: 6786:"What is Mafia." 6780: 6778: 6772:. Archived from 6761: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6716: 6704: 6677: 6660: 6639: 6614: 6541: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6493: 6476:Borrometi, Paolo 6446: 6441: 6422: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6335: 6329: 6323: 6316: 6310: 6303: 6297: 6291: 6285: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6236: 6230: 6217: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6200: 6192: 6186: 6181:Diego Gambetta. 6179: 6173: 6160: 6154: 6147: 6141: 6135: 6129: 6123: 6117: 6110: 6104: 6097: 6091: 6085: 6079: 6076: 6070: 6064: 6058: 6051: 6045: 6039: 6033: 6027: 6021: 6015: 6009: 6003: 5997: 5991: 5982: 5976: 5970: 5964: 5958: 5955: 5949: 5942: 5936: 5929: 5923: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5837: 5831: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5803: 5797: 5791: 5785: 5779: 5772: 5766: 5759: 5753: 5746: 5737: 5730: 5724: 5717: 5711: 5704: 5695: 5682: 5676: 5669: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5643:Diego Gambetta. 5641: 5635: 5622: 5616: 5603: 5597: 5590: 5581: 5569: 5565: 5556: 5549: 5543: 5536: 5530: 5523: 5517: 5510: 5504: 5497: 5491: 5484: 5478: 5475:Men of Dishonour 5471: 5465: 5449: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5269: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5189:. Archived from 5179: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5119: 5113: 5095: 5089: 5069: 5063: 5050: 5044: 5032: 5028: 5022: 5012: 5006: 4996: 4990: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4898: 4876: 4868: 4862: 4845: 4839: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4819: 4804: 4798: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4760: 4754: 4744: 4738: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4699: 4693: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4651: 4645: 4642:Alexander Stille 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4597: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4564: 4555: 4545: 4539: 4532: 4526: 4516:Dearth of honour 4513: 4507: 4497: 4491: 4481: 4475: 4465: 4459: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4417: 4411: 4401: 4395: 4392:Men of Dishonour 4388: 4382: 4370: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4342: 4336: 4326: 4320: 4310: 4304: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4272: 4266: 4256: 4250: 4240: 4234: 4224: 4218: 4205: 4199: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4120: 4110: 4104: 4091: 4085: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4010: 4004: 3994: 3988: 3981: 3975: 3962: 3956: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3866: 3860: 3850: 3841: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3795: 3789: 3774: 3765:(4): 1083–1115. 3756: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3737: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3707: 3681: 3649: 3643: 3626: 3620: 3610: 3601: 3591: 3585: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3557: 3550: 3544: 3534: 3528: 3521: 3515: 3508: 3499: 3492: 3486: 3479: 3473: 3463: 3457: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3410: 3401: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3375:, 2001, pp. 8–10 3361: 3348: 3334: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3321: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3289: 3282: 3274: 3268: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3232: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3179: 3170: 3160: 3154: 3151:"What is Mafia." 3147: 3141: 3134:Giuseppe Pitrè, 3132: 3126: 3116: 3110: 3100: 3094: 3084: 3078: 3071: 3065: 3055: 3049: 3038: 3032: 3028: 3022: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2988: 2982: 2976: 2970: 2961: 2938: 2925: 2919: 2906: 2900: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2854: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2724: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2671: 2665: 2660: 2651: 2646: 2625: 2624: 2613:"La Cosa Nostra" 2608: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2586: 2580: 2575: 2483: 2478: 2477: 2476: 2431:Paolo Borsellino 2427:Giovanni Falcone 2400:Forbidden crimes 2343: 2316:Other activities 2287:Client relations 2269:inelastic demand 2150:Michele Cavataio 2072:Ten Commandments 1999: 1997:Bernardino Verro 1972:Bernardino Verro 1848:Calogero Vizzini 1768:) of about ten " 1736:Tommaso Buscetta 1653:Giovanni Tedesco 1581:Antonino Giuffrè 1535:Provenzano years 1513:in Milan in 1993 1391:Tommaso Buscetta 1383:Paolo Borsellino 1379:Giovanni Falcone 1342:Giulio Andreotti 1330:Giulio Andreotti 1312:Second Mafia War 1286:was boss of the 1268:Second Mafia War 1262:Second Mafia War 1256:Pizza Connection 1165: 1162:Giovanni Falcone 1149:protection money 1098:drug trafficking 1050:Calogero Vizzini 1027: 991: 977:Francesco Cuccia 961:Benito Mussolini 912:A 2015 study in 696: 675: 644: 630:Cultural aspects 621: 590: 549:Società foggiana 495:Tommaso Buscetta 460:Valachi hearings 444:Italian American 432: 429:Giovanni Falcone 416:Giovanni Falcone 406: 370: 351: 350: 339: 338: 327: 326: 315: 314: 299: 298: 173:criminal society 166: 161: 157: 152: 118:narcotrafficking 43: 39: 21: 10037: 10036: 10032: 10031: 10030: 10028: 10027: 10026: 9972: 9971: 9970: 9965: 9937: 9916: 9759: 9745:Organized crime 9709: 9666: 9634: 9628: 9619: 9614: 9584: 9579: 9561: 9530: 9516:Lufthansa heist 9494: 9457: 9440: 9421:Tanglewood Boys 9351:The Corporation 9319: 9215: 9213: 9212:Closely related 9203: 9180: 9157: 9134: 9088: 9008: 8981: 8920: 8818: 8787: 8770:(New England) ( 8741: 8737:Tanglewood Boys 8711: 8671: 8667:Ozone Park Boys 8646: 8630: 8611:Calabrian group 8592: 8574: 8556: 8551: 8521: 8516: 8488: 8477:Ukrainian mafia 8408: 8389:Fucked For Life 8360: 8337: 8321: 8303: 8276:The Netherlands 8270: 8209:Mala del Brenta 8204:Casamonica clan 8170: 8122: 8080: 8062: 8029: 8006: 7990:McCarthy-Dundon 7958:Richardson Gang 7914: 7891:Frankfurt mafia 7866:Bulgarian mafia 7832: 7829:Organized crime 7826: 7796: 7791: 7768: 7739:Mala del Brenta 7660: 7632: 7581: 7502: 7496: 7485:First Mafia War 7473: 7457: 7432: 7410: 7377: 7329: 7301: 7268: 7229:Porto Empedocle 7196: 7143: 7106:Codes and terms 7100: 7026: 7021: 6987: 6981: 6976: 6971:Wayback Machine 6905: 6852:(56): 253–255. 6833: 6814: 6776: 6770: 6759: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6713: 6657: 6636: 6538: 6504: 6502: 6490: 6444: 6438: 6419: 6380: 6375: 6374: 6368:Gambetta (1996) 6366: 6362: 6356:Gambetta (2009) 6354: 6350: 6344:Gambetta (1996) 6342: 6338: 6332:Gambetta (1996) 6330: 6326: 6317: 6313: 6304: 6300: 6294:Gambetta (1996) 6292: 6288: 6282:Gambetta (1996) 6280: 6276: 6270:Gambetta (1996) 6268: 6264: 6258:Gambetta (1996) 6256: 6252: 6246:Wayback Machine 6237: 6233: 6227:Wayback Machine 6218: 6214: 6205: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6180: 6176: 6170:Wayback Machine 6161: 6157: 6148: 6144: 6138:Gambetta (1996) 6136: 6132: 6126:Gambetta (1996) 6124: 6120: 6111: 6107: 6101:Men of Dishonor 6098: 6094: 6088:Gambetta (1996) 6086: 6082: 6078:Gambetta (2011) 6077: 6073: 6065: 6061: 6052: 6048: 6042:Gambetta (1996) 6040: 6036: 6030:Gambetta (1996) 6028: 6024: 6018:Gambetta (1996) 6016: 6012: 6006:Gambetta (1996) 6004: 6000: 5994:Gambetta (1996) 5992: 5985: 5979:Arlacchi (1993) 5977: 5973: 5967:Gambetta (1996) 5965: 5961: 5956: 5952: 5943: 5939: 5933:Men of Dishonor 5930: 5926: 5921:Wayback Machine 5910:Wayback Machine 5896: 5892: 5882: 5880: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5850: 5848: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5825: 5821: 5815:Gambetta (1996) 5813: 5806: 5800:Gambetta (1996) 5798: 5794: 5788:Gambetta (1996) 5786: 5782: 5773: 5769: 5760: 5756: 5747: 5740: 5734:Men of Dishonor 5731: 5727: 5718: 5714: 5705: 5698: 5692:Wayback Machine 5683: 5679: 5670: 5663: 5657:Gambetta (1996) 5655: 5651: 5642: 5638: 5632:Wayback Machine 5623: 5619: 5613:Wayback Machine 5604: 5600: 5591: 5584: 5567: 5566: 5559: 5550: 5546: 5537: 5533: 5524: 5520: 5511: 5507: 5498: 5494: 5485: 5481: 5472: 5468: 5462:Wayback Machine 5450: 5446: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5398: 5396: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5346: 5344: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5316: 5314: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5286: 5284: 5271: 5270: 5266: 5256: 5254: 5241: 5240: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5194: 5181: 5180: 5176: 5166: 5164: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5121: 5120: 5116: 5106:Wayback Machine 5096: 5092: 5085:Financial Times 5080:Wayback Machine 5070: 5066: 5060:Wayback Machine 5051: 5047: 5041:Wayback Machine 5030: 5029: 5025: 5013: 5009: 4997: 4993: 4981: 4977: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4920: 4918: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4896: 4894: 4879:Daily Telegraph 4869: 4865: 4855:Wayback Machine 4846: 4842: 4830: 4826: 4817: 4815: 4805: 4801: 4789: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4761: 4757: 4745: 4741: 4735:Wayback Machine 4726: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4684: 4680: 4670: 4668: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4638:Wayback Machine 4629: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4598: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4566: 4565: 4558: 4546: 4542: 4533: 4529: 4523:Wayback Machine 4514: 4510: 4498: 4494: 4482: 4478: 4466: 4462: 4450: 4446: 4437: 4435: 4418: 4414: 4402: 4398: 4389: 4385: 4380: 4378: 4375:Men of Dishonor 4371: 4367: 4361:Arlacchi (1993) 4359: 4355: 4343: 4339: 4327: 4323: 4311: 4307: 4298: 4294: 4288:McCarthy (2011) 4286: 4282: 4273: 4269: 4257: 4253: 4241: 4237: 4225: 4221: 4215:Wayback Machine 4206: 4202: 4192:Wayback Machine 4181: 4180: 4176: 4169:Wayback Machine 4156: 4155: 4151: 4139: 4135: 4127: 4123: 4111: 4107: 4101:Wayback Machine 4092: 4088: 4079: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4051: 4047: 4039: 4035: 4027: 4023: 4017:Men of Dishonor 4013:Arlacchi (1993) 4011: 4007: 3995: 3991: 3982: 3978: 3972:Wayback Machine 3963: 3959: 3953:Wayback Machine 3944: 3940: 3932: 3928: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3904: 3892: 3888: 3880: 3876: 3867: 3863: 3851: 3844: 3835: 3831: 3822: 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Mack Smith. 3395: 3391: 3385:Gambetta (1996) 3383: 3379: 3373:Wayback Machine 3362: 3351: 3345:Wayback Machine 3336:Jason Sardell, 3335: 3328: 3319: 3317: 3306: 3302: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3266:Wayback Machine 3252: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3230: 3228: 3221: 3205: 3201: 3197:, pp. 1–3. 3193: 3189: 3180: 3173: 3163:Arlacchi (1988) 3161: 3157: 3149:Gaetano Mosca, 3148: 3144: 3133: 3129: 3117: 3113: 3101: 3097: 3087:Gambetta (1996) 3085: 3081: 3072: 3068: 3058:Gambetta (1996) 3056: 3052: 3041:Franchetti 1877 3039: 3035: 3029: 3025: 3016:Gambetta (1996) 3014: 3010: 3002: 2998: 2989: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2962: 2941: 2935:Wayback Machine 2926: 2922: 2916:Wayback Machine 2907: 2903: 2897:Wayback Machine 2888: 2884: 2880:, pp. 1–2. 2876: 2872: 2864: 2857: 2848: 2844: 2835: 2833: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2812: 2798: 2794: 2784:(the name of a 2772: 2764:. Hachette UK. 2758: 2754: 2748:Gambetta (1996) 2746: 2742: 2736:Gambetta (1996) 2734: 2727: 2706: 2702: 2695: 2672: 2668: 2663:Gambetta (2009) 2661: 2654: 2649:Gambetta (1996) 2647: 2628: 2609: 2605: 2595: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2544:Mala del Brenta 2479: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2448: 2419: 2414: 2402: 2386: 2369: 2356: 2344: 2339: 2323: 2318: 2306: 2289: 2257: 2243: 2203: 2172: 2166: 2146: 2084:for a mafioso. 2074: 2046: 2033: 2013:Salvatore Riina 2005:Giovanni Brusca 2000: 1995: 1976:Fasci Siciliani 1968: 1962: 1957: 1925:capo mandamento 1914: 1908: 1869: 1852:Salvatore Riina 1721: 1688: 1668:and New York's 1573: 1537: 1497:organized crime 1450:state's witness 1439:Salvatore Riina 1411: 1364: 1358: 1340:Prime Minister 1308:Stefano Bontade 1300:Salvatore Riina 1288:Corleonesi clan 1277:Salvatore Riina 1270: 1264: 1217: 1189:Cesare Manzella 1182: 1176: 1174:First Mafia War 1166: 1160: 1141:Vito Ciancimino 1132: 1130:Sack of Palermo 1126: 1124:Sack of Palermo 1037: 1028: 1025: 989: 973:Piana dei Greci 957: 951: 804:manorial courts 790:as well as its 780: 769:The genesis of 767: 742: 697: 691: 676: 670: 638: 632: 622: 616: 607:Hence the term 591: 581: 561: 433: 427: 400: 364: 226: 159: 150: 38: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10035: 10025: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9982:Sicilian Mafia 9967: 9966: 9964: 9963: 9953: 9942: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9935: 9930: 9924: 9922: 9918: 9917: 9915: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9863: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9826: 9825: 9810: 9809: 9808: 9803: 9796:United Kingdom 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9767: 9765: 9761: 9760: 9758: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9721: 9719: 9715: 9714: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9686: 9685: 9674: 9672: 9665: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9638: 9636: 9630: 9629: 9624: 9621: 9620: 9613: 9612: 9605: 9598: 9590: 9581: 9580: 9570: 9567: 9566: 9563: 9562: 9560: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9538: 9536: 9532: 9531: 9529: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9502: 9500: 9496: 9495: 9493: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9461: 9459: 9450: 9446: 9445: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9376:Forty-Two Gang 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9327: 9325: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9300:Sicilian Mafia 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9226: 9224: 9217: 9214:and affiliated 9209: 9208: 9205: 9204: 9202: 9201: 9195: 9188: 9186: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9178: 9172: 9165: 9163: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9155: 9149: 9142: 9140: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9132: 9126: 9120: 9114: 9107: 9105: 9098: 9094: 9093: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9064: 9059: 9051: 9046: 9045: 9044: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9018: 9016: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9006: 9001: 8995: 8993: 8983: 8982: 8980: 8979: 8976: 8969: 8962: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8943:The Commission 8939: 8937: 8930: 8926: 8925: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8918: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8866: 8860: 8859:(Philadelphia) 8854: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8826: 8824: 8823:Mostly defunct 8820: 8819: 8817: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8795: 8793: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8785: 8775: 8765: 8759: 8753: 8751: 8747: 8746: 8743: 8742: 8740: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8723: 8721: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8683: 8681: 8673: 8672: 8670: 8669: 8664: 8662:Baltimore Crew 8658: 8656: 8648: 8647: 8642: 8640: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8628: 8626:Sicilian group 8623: 8618: 8613: 8607: 8605: 8594: 8582: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8561: 8558: 8557: 8550: 8549: 8542: 8535: 8527: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8514: 8509: 8508: 8507: 8496: 8494: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8486: 8485: 8484: 8474: 8469: 8468: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8437: 8435:Georgian mafia 8432: 8427: 8422: 8420:Armenian mafia 8416: 8414: 8410: 8409: 8407: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8370: 8368: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8358: 8357: 8356: 8349:Galician mafia 8345: 8343: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8335: 8329: 8327: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8317:Pruszków mafia 8313: 8311: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8280: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8268: 8266:White Uno Gang 8263: 8258: 8253: 8251:Sicilian Mafia 8248: 8247: 8246: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8214:Mafia Capitale 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8180: 8178: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8132: 8130: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8120: 8115: 8108: 8107: 8106: 8104:Petit Bar Gang 8101: 8094:Corsican mafia 8090: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8078: 8072: 8070: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8039: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8027: 8022: 8016: 8014: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7998: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7967: 7966: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7930: 7924: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7912: 7911: 7910: 7900: 7898:Romanian mafia 7895: 7894: 7893: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7862: 7861: 7856: 7854:Gang of Gaxhai 7851: 7844:Albanian mafia 7840: 7838: 7834: 7833: 7825: 7824: 7817: 7810: 7802: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7720: 7719: 7712:Corsican mafia 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7668: 7666: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7658: 7652: 7646: 7640: 7638: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7595: 7589: 7587: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7579: 7573: 7567: 7561: 7558:Capaci bombing 7555: 7549: 7543: 7537: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7513: 7506: 7504: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7494: 7488: 7481: 7479: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7471: 7465: 7463: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7455: 7450: 7444: 7442: 7438: 7437: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7430: 7424: 7418: 7416: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7387: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7339: 7337: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7311: 7309: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7278: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7215: 7213: 7204: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7153: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7110: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7092: 7082: 7077: 7071: 7068:Capomandamento 7061: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7034: 7032: 7028: 7027: 7024:Sicilian Mafia 7020: 7019: 7012: 7005: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6980: 6979:External links 6977: 6975: 6974: 6960: 6944: 6928: 6909: 6903: 6890: 6837: 6832:978-0199730445 6831: 6818: 6812: 6797: 6781: 6779:on 2015-04-03. 6768: 6750: 6749: 6748: 6737:978-0231131353 6736: 6711: 6694: 6678: 6661: 6656:978-0691119373 6655: 6640: 6634: 6615: 6604: 6588: 6572: 6552: 6542: 6536: 6520: 6511: 6494: 6488: 6472: 6459: 6442: 6436: 6423: 6417: 6399:Arlacchi, Pino 6395: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6360: 6348: 6336: 6324: 6311: 6298: 6286: 6274: 6262: 6250: 6231: 6212: 6187: 6174: 6155: 6142: 6130: 6118: 6105: 6092: 6080: 6071: 6059: 6046: 6034: 6022: 6010: 5998: 5983: 5971: 5959: 5950: 5937: 5924: 5890: 5879:on 9 June 2016 5858: 5832: 5819: 5804: 5792: 5780: 5767: 5754: 5738: 5725: 5712: 5696: 5677: 5661: 5649: 5636: 5617: 5598: 5582: 5576:2012-09-05 at 5557: 5544: 5531: 5518: 5505: 5492: 5479: 5466: 5444: 5432: 5406: 5380: 5354: 5324: 5294: 5264: 5234: 5204: 5174: 5144: 5114: 5112:. 29 June 2015 5090: 5088:. 24 July 2015 5064: 5045: 5023: 5007: 4991: 4975: 4957: 4927: 4916:www.sicile.net 4903: 4863: 4861:, June 8, 2006 4840: 4824: 4813:Foreign Policy 4799: 4783: 4755: 4739: 4720: 4694: 4678: 4646: 4623: 4589: 4574:. 6 May 2013. 4556: 4540: 4527: 4508: 4492: 4476: 4460: 4444: 4412: 4396: 4383: 4365: 4353: 4337: 4321: 4305: 4292: 4280: 4267: 4251: 4235: 4219: 4200: 4174: 4149: 4133: 4121: 4105: 4086: 4073: 4071:, p. 188. 4061: 4045: 4043:, p. 182. 4033: 4031:, p. 186. 4021: 4005: 3989: 3976: 3965:Mafia Scotched 3957: 3938: 3936:, p. 179. 3926: 3914: 3902: 3886: 3884:, p. 175. 3874: 3861: 3842: 3829: 3800: 3742: 3712: 3644: 3621: 3602: 3586: 3570: 3558: 3545: 3529: 3516: 3500: 3487: 3474: 3458: 3445: 3430: 3418: 3402: 3389: 3377: 3349: 3326: 3300: 3269: 3246: 3237: 3220:978-0231131353 3219: 3199: 3187: 3171: 3155: 3142: 3140:, Palermo 1889 3127: 3111: 3095: 3079: 3066: 3050: 3033: 3023: 3008: 2996: 2983: 2971: 2939: 2920: 2901: 2882: 2870: 2855: 2842: 2817: 2811:978-1863331432 2810: 2792: 2771:978-1848942493 2770: 2752: 2740: 2738:, p. 136. 2725: 2700: 2694:978-0312361815 2693: 2666: 2652: 2626: 2603: 2581: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2539:Mafia Capitale 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2468: 2465: 2447: 2444: 2440:American Mafia 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2401: 2398: 2385: 2382: 2368: 2365: 2355: 2352: 2337: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2305: 2302: 2288: 2285: 2256: 2253: 2242: 2239: 2202: 2199: 2168:Main article: 2165: 2162: 2145: 2142: 2125: 2124: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2073: 2070: 2045: 2042: 2032: 2029: 2024:Diego Gambetta 1993: 1964:Main article: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1910:Main article: 1907: 1904: 1871:Membership in 1868: 1865: 1744:rappresentante 1720: 1719:Clan hierarchy 1717: 1687: 1684: 1614:Mafia Capitale 1572: 1569: 1536: 1533: 1501:Southern Italy 1482:Uffizi Gallery 1415:Salvatore Lima 1410: 1407: 1360:Main article: 1357: 1354: 1350:Salvatore Lima 1284:Luciano Leggio 1266:Main article: 1263: 1260: 1216: 1215:Smuggling boom 1213: 1178:Main article: 1175: 1172: 1158: 1145:Salvatore Lima 1128:Main article: 1125: 1122: 1110:Joseph Bonanno 1058:anti-communist 1036: 1033: 1023: 953:Main article: 950: 947: 920:resource curse 834:Salvatore Lupo 800:private armies 779: 776: 766: 763: 741: 738: 718:Salvatore Lupo 689: 672:Giuseppe Pitrè 668: 656:Giuseppe Pitrè 631: 628: 614: 583:Diego Gambetta 579: 569:Diego Gambetta 560: 557: 516:la stessa cosa 480:La Cosa Nostra 448:Joseph Valachi 425: 357: 356: 341: 329: 317: 305: 258:Diego Gambetta 225: 222: 194:", "clan", or 143:Sicilian Mafia 137: 136: 103: 99: 98: 95: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 66: 62: 61: 58: 54: 53: 47: 41:Sicilian Mafia 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10034: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9979: 9977: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9952: 9944: 9943: 9940: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9925: 9923: 9919: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9855:U.S. military 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9824: 9821: 9820: 9819: 9816: 9815: 9814: 9813:United States 9811: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9798: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9768: 9766: 9762: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9722: 9720: 9716: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9684: 9681: 9680: 9679: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9669: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9639: 9637: 9631: 9627: 9622: 9618: 9611: 9606: 9604: 9599: 9597: 9592: 9591: 9588: 9578: 9568: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9542:Barrel murder 9540: 9539: 9537: 9533: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9497: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9462: 9460: 9454: 9451: 9447: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9322: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9305:Siderno Group 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9221: 9218: 9216:organizations 9210: 9199: 9196: 9193: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9183: 9176: 9173: 9170: 9167: 9166: 9164: 9160: 9153: 9150: 9147: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9137: 9130: 9127: 9124: 9121: 9118: 9115: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9106: 9102: 9099: 9095: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9069: 9065: 9063: 9062:Mustache Pete 9060: 9057: 9056: 9055:Capo dei capi 9052: 9050: 9047: 9043: 9040: 9039: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9011: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8990: 8984: 8977: 8975: 8974: 8970: 8968: 8967: 8963: 8961: 8960: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8934: 8931: 8927: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8900:San Francisco 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8870: 8867: 8864: 8861: 8858: 8855: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8831: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8821: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8790: 8783: 8779: 8776: 8773: 8769: 8766: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8748: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8724: 8722: 8720: 8719: 8714: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8684: 8682: 8680: 8679: 8674: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8654: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8639: 8638: 8633: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8608: 8606: 8604: 8603: 8598: 8595: 8593:New York City 8590: 8589:Five Families 8586: 8583: 8581: 8577: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8562: 8559: 8555: 8548: 8543: 8541: 8536: 8534: 8529: 8528: 8525: 8513: 8512:Kurdish mafia 8510: 8506: 8505:Söylemez Gang 8503: 8502: 8501: 8500:Turkish mafia 8498: 8497: 8495: 8491: 8483: 8480: 8479: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8466: 8465:Uralmash gang 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8441: 8440:Russian mafia 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8430:Chechen mafia 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8417: 8415: 8411: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8379:Dödspatrullen 8377: 8375: 8372: 8371: 8369: 8367: 8363: 8355: 8354:Los Charlines 8352: 8351: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8340: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8324: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8306: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8273: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8245: 8244:Anonima sarda 8242: 8241: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8229:Capriati clan 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8173: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8146:Black Jackets 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8125: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8095: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8083: 8077: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8065: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8032: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8013: 8009: 8003: 8002:Satans Slaves 8000: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7980:Keane-Collopy 7978: 7976: 7973: 7972: 7971: 7968: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7934: 7933:British firms 7931: 7929: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7921: 7920:British Isles 7917: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7904: 7903:Serbian mafia 7901: 7899: 7896: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7871:Bosnian mafia 7869: 7867: 7864: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7835: 7830: 7823: 7818: 7816: 7811: 7809: 7804: 7803: 7800: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7774: 7771: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7759:Stuppagghiari 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7718: 7715: 7714: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7677:Anonima sarda 7675: 7673: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7663: 7656: 7653: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7635: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7603: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7584: 7577: 7574: 7571: 7568: 7565: 7562: 7559: 7556: 7553: 7550: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7529: 7526: 7523: 7520: 7517: 7514: 7511: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7499: 7492: 7489: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7460: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7439: 7429: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7413: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7391:Castelvetrano 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7332: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7275: 7271: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7254:Casteltermini 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7146: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7096: 7093: 7090: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7075: 7072: 7069: 7065: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7049:Capo dei capi 7047: 7045: 7042: 7039: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7018: 7013: 7011: 7006: 7004: 6999: 6998: 6995: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6961: 6959: 6958:0-436-44700-2 6955: 6951: 6950: 6945: 6943: 6942:87-7289-455-5 6939: 6935: 6934: 6929: 6927: 6926:0-520-23609-2 6923: 6920: 6916: 6915: 6910: 6906: 6900: 6896: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6870: 6869:10278/3717879 6865: 6860: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6838: 6834: 6828: 6824: 6819: 6815: 6813:0-19-515724-9 6809: 6805: 6804: 6798: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6787: 6782: 6775: 6771: 6765: 6762:. Routledge. 6758: 6757: 6751: 6739: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6714: 6708: 6703: 6702: 6695: 6693: 6692:1-85065-500-6 6689: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6675: 6674:10.2383/35869 6671: 6667: 6662: 6658: 6652: 6648: 6647: 6641: 6637: 6635:0-674-80742-1 6631: 6627: 6623: 6622: 6616: 6612: 6611: 6605: 6603: 6602:1-4020-2615-3 6599: 6595: 6594: 6589: 6587: 6586:0-618-35367-4 6583: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6571: 6570:0-300-04372-4 6567: 6564: 6561:, New Haven: 6560: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6512: 6500: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6460: 6458: 6457:88-17-84299-0 6454: 6450: 6443: 6439: 6437:0-688-04574-X 6433: 6429: 6424: 6420: 6418:0-19-285197-7 6414: 6410: 6406: 6405: 6400: 6396: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6383: 6382: 6369: 6364: 6358:, p. 193 6357: 6352: 6345: 6340: 6333: 6328: 6321: 6315: 6308: 6302: 6295: 6290: 6283: 6278: 6271: 6266: 6260:, p. 177 6259: 6254: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6235: 6228: 6224: 6221: 6216: 6204: 6197: 6191: 6184: 6178: 6171: 6167: 6164: 6159: 6152: 6146: 6140:, p. 230 6139: 6134: 6128:, p. 185 6127: 6122: 6115: 6109: 6102: 6096: 6090:, p. 184 6089: 6084: 6075: 6069:, p. 15. 6068: 6063: 6056: 6050: 6043: 6038: 6031: 6026: 6019: 6014: 6008:, p. 197 6007: 6002: 5996:, p. 173 5995: 5990: 5988: 5980: 5975: 5969:, p. 171 5968: 5963: 5954: 5947: 5941: 5934: 5928: 5922: 5918: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5904: 5900: 5894: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5862: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5829: 5823: 5817:, p. 152 5816: 5811: 5809: 5802:, p. 151 5801: 5796: 5790:, p. 263 5789: 5784: 5777: 5771: 5764: 5758: 5751: 5745: 5743: 5735: 5729: 5722: 5716: 5709: 5703: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5686: 5681: 5674: 5668: 5666: 5658: 5653: 5647:. pp. 206–208 5646: 5640: 5633: 5629: 5626: 5621: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5602: 5595: 5589: 5587: 5579: 5578:archive.today 5575: 5572: 5564: 5562: 5554: 5548: 5541: 5535: 5528: 5522: 5515: 5509: 5502: 5496: 5489: 5483: 5476: 5470: 5463: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5448: 5442: 5436: 5420: 5416: 5410: 5394: 5390: 5384: 5368: 5364: 5358: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5328: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5298: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5268: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5238: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5208: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5178: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5148: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5100: 5094: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5077: 5074: 5068: 5061: 5057: 5054: 5049: 5042: 5038: 5035: 5027: 5020: 5016: 5011: 5004: 5000: 4995: 4988: 4984: 4979: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4945: 4941: 4940:La Repubblica 4937: 4931: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4867: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4849: 4844: 4837: 4833: 4832:Dickie (2007) 4828: 4814: 4810: 4803: 4796: 4792: 4791:Dickie (2007) 4787: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4759: 4752: 4748: 4747:Dickie (2007) 4743: 4736: 4732: 4729: 4724: 4708: 4704: 4698: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4666: 4662: 4661: 4656: 4650: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4627: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4596: 4594: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4563: 4561: 4554:, pp. 389–390 4553: 4549: 4548:Dickie (2007) 4544: 4537: 4531: 4524: 4520: 4517: 4512: 4505: 4501: 4500:Dickie (2007) 4496: 4489: 4485: 4484:Dickie (2007) 4480: 4474:, pp. 369–370 4473: 4469: 4468:Dickie (2007) 4464: 4457: 4453: 4452:Dickie (2007) 4448: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4423: 4416: 4409: 4405: 4404:Dickie (2007) 4400: 4393: 4387: 4377: 4376: 4369: 4362: 4357: 4350: 4346: 4345:Dickie (2007) 4341: 4334: 4330: 4329:Dickie (2007) 4325: 4318: 4314: 4313:Dickie (2007) 4309: 4303:, pp. 237–238 4302: 4296: 4289: 4284: 4277: 4271: 4264: 4260: 4259:Dickie (2007) 4255: 4248: 4244: 4243:Dickie (2007) 4239: 4233:, pp. 293–297 4232: 4228: 4227:Dickie (2007) 4223: 4216: 4212: 4209: 4204: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4186: 4178: 4171: 4170: 4166: 4163: 4153: 4146: 4142: 4141:Dickie (2007) 4137: 4131:, p. 189 4130: 4125: 4118: 4114: 4113:Dickie (2007) 4109: 4102: 4098: 4095: 4090: 4083: 4077: 4070: 4065: 4058: 4054: 4053:Dickie (2007) 4049: 4042: 4037: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4014: 4009: 4002: 3998: 3997:Dickie (2007) 3993: 3986: 3985:Five Families 3983:Selwyn Raab, 3980: 3973: 3969: 3966: 3961: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3942: 3935: 3930: 3924:, p. 182 3923: 3918: 3912:, p. 174 3911: 3906: 3899: 3895: 3894:Dickie (2007) 3890: 3883: 3878: 3872:, pp. 451–452 3871: 3865: 3858: 3854: 3853:Dickie (2007) 3849: 3847: 3839: 3833: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3753: 3746: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3648: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3625: 3618: 3614: 3613:Dickie (2007) 3609: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3583: 3579: 3578:Dickie (2007) 3574: 3567: 3562: 3555: 3549: 3542: 3538: 3537:Dickie (2007) 3533: 3526: 3520: 3513: 3507: 3505: 3497: 3491: 3484: 3478: 3471: 3467: 3466:Dickie (2007) 3462: 3455: 3449: 3442: 3437: 3435: 3427: 3422: 3415: 3409: 3407: 3399: 3393: 3386: 3381: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3346: 3342: 3339: 3333: 3331: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3286: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3250: 3244:Gambetta 2011 3241: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3212: 3211: 3203: 3196: 3191: 3184: 3178: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3152: 3146: 3139: 3138: 3131: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3093:, pp. 245–256 3092: 3088: 3083: 3076: 3070: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3027: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3005: 3004:Gambetta 2009 3000: 2993: 2987: 2980: 2975: 2969: 2965: 2964:Dickie (2007) 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2936: 2932: 2929: 2924: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2905: 2898: 2894: 2891: 2886: 2879: 2874: 2867: 2862: 2860: 2852: 2846: 2831: 2827: 2821: 2813: 2807: 2803: 2796: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2763: 2756: 2749: 2744: 2737: 2732: 2730: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2704: 2696: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2659: 2657: 2650: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2607: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2471: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2443: 2441: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2409: 2407: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2384:Loan sharking 2381: 2379: 2374: 2364: 2360: 2351: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2331: 2329: 2313: 2310: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2252: 2249: 2238: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2217: 2211: 2207: 2198: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2161: 2159: 2154: 2151: 2140: 2138: 2131: 2129: 2122: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2041: 2037: 2031:Introductions 2028: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 1998: 1992: 1990: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1967: 1952: 1950: 1944: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1913: 1903: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1879: 1874: 1864: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1811:Five Families 1806: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1729: 1725: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1683: 1679: 1677: 1676: 1675:La Repubblica 1671: 1666: 1661: 1659: 1654: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1626: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1612:In 2015, the 1610: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1332:, seven-time 1331: 1327: 1323: 1321: 1316: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1259: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1171: 1163: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1131: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1032: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1002: 998: 993: 988: 987: 982: 978: 974: 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186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 165: 156: 148: 144: 135: 131: 127: 126:loan sharking 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 104: 100: 97:5,500 members 96: 92: 89: 86: 82: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 48: 44: 33: 19: 9912:South Africa 9850:Prison gangs 9552:Cement shoes 9449:Other topics 9426:Unione Corse 9396:Murder, Inc. 9331:Broadway Mob 9299: 9260:Jewish Mafia 9079:Sixth Family 9074:One-way ride 9066: 9053: 8987: 8971: 8964: 8957: 8778:Philadelphia 8762:DeCavalcante 8716: 8692:Broadway Mob 8676: 8651: 8635: 8600: 8482:Donetsk Clan 8472:Thief in law 8374:Brödraskapet 8333:Slovak mafia 8289:No Surrender 8250: 8111: 7963:Whitney gang 7849:Gang of Çole 7717:Unione Corse 7503:and bombings 7023: 6988:(in Italian) 6947: 6931: 6917:, Berkeley: 6912: 6894: 6849: 6845: 6822: 6802: 6784: 6774:the original 6755: 6741:. Retrieved 6722: 6700: 6681: 6665: 6645: 6620: 6609: 6596:, Springer, 6591: 6575: 6558: 6545: 6527: 6524:Dickie, John 6514: 6503:. Retrieved 6479: 6466: 6448: 6445:(in Italian) 6427: 6408: 6403: 6391: 6385: 6370:, p. 61 6363: 6351: 6346:, p. 44 6339: 6334:, p. 46 6327: 6319: 6314: 6306: 6301: 6296:, p. 42 6289: 6284:, p. 40 6277: 6272:, p. 66 6265: 6253: 6234: 6215: 6203:the original 6190: 6182: 6177: 6158: 6150: 6145: 6133: 6121: 6113: 6108: 6100: 6095: 6083: 6074: 6062: 6054: 6049: 6044:, p. 57 6037: 6032:, p. 54 6025: 6020:, p. 47 6013: 6001: 5981:, p. 70 5974: 5962: 5953: 5945: 5940: 5932: 5927: 5898: 5893: 5881:. Retrieved 5877:the original 5870: 5861: 5849:. Retrieved 5835: 5827: 5822: 5795: 5783: 5775: 5770: 5762: 5757: 5749: 5733: 5728: 5720: 5715: 5707: 5680: 5672: 5659:, p. 67 5652: 5644: 5639: 5620: 5601: 5593: 5568:(in Italian) 5552: 5547: 5539: 5534: 5526: 5521: 5513: 5508: 5500: 5495: 5487: 5482: 5474: 5469: 5453: 5447: 5440: 5435: 5423:. Retrieved 5409: 5397:. Retrieved 5383: 5371:. Retrieved 5357: 5345:. Retrieved 5336: 5327: 5315:. Retrieved 5307:Live Sicilia 5306: 5297: 5285:. Retrieved 5276: 5267: 5255:. Retrieved 5246: 5237: 5225:. Retrieved 5216: 5207: 5195:. Retrieved 5191:the original 5186: 5177: 5165:. Retrieved 5156: 5147: 5135:. Retrieved 5126: 5117: 5093: 5083: 5067: 5048: 5031:(in Italian) 5026: 5019:The Observer 5018: 5010: 5003:The Guardian 5002: 4994: 4987:The Guardian 4986: 4978: 4970:The Guardian 4969: 4960: 4948:. Retrieved 4944:the original 4939: 4930: 4919:. Retrieved 4915: 4906: 4895:. Retrieved 4878: 4866: 4859:The Guardian 4858: 4843: 4835: 4827: 4816:. Retrieved 4812: 4802: 4794: 4786: 4774:. Retrieved 4768: 4758: 4750: 4742: 4723: 4711:. Retrieved 4697: 4681: 4669:. Retrieved 4658: 4649: 4626: 4614:. Retrieved 4606:The Guardian 4605: 4580:. Retrieved 4571: 4551: 4543: 4535: 4530: 4511: 4503: 4495: 4487: 4479: 4471: 4463: 4455: 4447: 4436:, retrieved 4425: 4415: 4407: 4399: 4391: 4386: 4374: 4368: 4363:, p. 93 4356: 4348: 4340: 4332: 4324: 4316: 4308: 4300: 4295: 4290:, p. 44 4283: 4275: 4270: 4262: 4254: 4246: 4238: 4230: 4222: 4203: 4195: 4182:(in Italian) 4177: 4160: 4157:(in Italian) 4152: 4144: 4136: 4124: 4116: 4108: 4089: 4081: 4076: 4064: 4056: 4048: 4036: 4024: 4016: 4008: 4000: 3992: 3984: 3979: 3960: 3941: 3929: 3917: 3905: 3897: 3889: 3877: 3869: 3864: 3856: 3837: 3832: 3821:. Retrieved 3812: 3803: 3792:. Retrieved 3762: 3758: 3745: 3734:. Retrieved 3725: 3715: 3704:. Retrieved 3661: 3657: 3647: 3639: 3624: 3616: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3581: 3573: 3568:, p. 49 3561: 3553: 3548: 3540: 3532: 3524: 3523:See: Paoli, 3519: 3511: 3495: 3490: 3482: 3477: 3469: 3461: 3453: 3448: 3443:, p. 87 3428:, p. 83 3421: 3413: 3397: 3392: 3387:, p. 94 3380: 3318:. Retrieved 3303: 3292:. Retrieved 3272: 3254: 3249: 3240: 3229:. Retrieved 3209: 3202: 3190: 3182: 3158: 3145: 3135: 3130: 3114: 3103:Paoli (2003) 3098: 3090: 3082: 3074: 3069: 3061: 3053: 3044: 3036: 3026: 3019: 3011: 2999: 2991: 2986: 2981:, p. 24 2979:Paoli (2003) 2974: 2967: 2923: 2904: 2885: 2873: 2868:, p. 3. 2850: 2845: 2834:. Retrieved 2820: 2801: 2795: 2781: 2780:(daring) or 2777: 2775: 2761: 2755: 2743: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2679: 2675:Raab, Selwyn 2669: 2616: 2606: 2594:. Retrieved 2584: 2573: 2481:Italy portal 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2436: 2405: 2403: 2387: 2370: 2361: 2357: 2349: 2346: 2333: 2324: 2311: 2307: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2262: 2258: 2246:thieves and 2244: 2235: 2224: 2220: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2195: 2184: 2173: 2155: 2147: 2136: 2133: 2126: 2120: 2101: 2075: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2047: 2038: 2034: 2021: 2016: 2008: 2002: 1988: 1985: 1979: 1969: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1929: 1924: 1918: 1915: 1899: 1897: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1872: 1870: 1860: 1843: 1841: 1835: 1833: 1828: 1825:embezzlement 1820: 1818: 1815: 1807: 1798: 1796: 1789: 1788:is led by a 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1765: 1759: 1755: 1752:capo bastone 1751: 1743: 1740:capofamiglia 1739: 1733: 1708: 1700: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1680: 1673: 1662: 1649: 1630: 1622: 1611: 1600: 1597: 1593:Forza Italia 1584: 1574: 1557: 1542: 1538: 1526: 1516: 1486: 1466:Via Palestro 1447: 1412: 1386: 1376: 1339: 1319: 1317: 1295: 1281: 1250: 1229: 1218: 1197: 1186: 1183: 1168: 1154: 1136:World War II 1133: 1106:Fidel Castro 1095: 1072: 1069:cooperatives 1062: 1038: 1030: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1005: 994: 984: 980: 970: 958: 937: 927: 913: 911: 903: 895: 877: 864: 858: 854: 850: 846: 830: 821: 781: 770: 768: 753: 746:Pio La Torre 743: 734: 730: 715: 710: 699: 686: 678: 665: 660:sicilianisti 659: 652:sicilianismo 651: 633: 624: 608: 606: 600: 597:man of honor 596: 593: 586: 575: 562: 524: 523: 520: 515: 511: 507: 492: 487: 483: 479: 475: 467: 463: 437: 435: 421: 411: 409: 389: 381: 377: 373: 360: 358: 343: 331: 319: 307: 291: 284: 283:, therefore 278: 265: 261: 253: 241: 237: 229: 227: 217: 205: 195: 189: 168: 146: 142: 140: 9902:Philippines 9877:Netherlands 9845:New Orleans 9823:Los Angeles 9791:New Zealand 9764:By location 9755:Prison gang 9730:Drug cartel 9633:Aspects and 9557:Shotgun Man 9356:The Council 9275:'Ndrangheta 9200:(1985–1986) 9194:(1985–1987) 9177:(1929–1931) 9171:(1914–1917) 9148:(1950–1951) 8959:Consigliere 8915:Trafficante 8875:New Orleans 8814:Los Angeles 8809:Kansas City 8219:'Ndrangheta 8166:Ringvereine 8048:Black Cobra 7928:Blue Angels 7876:Greek mafia 7764:Vendicatori 7744:'Ndrangheta 7702:Beati Paoli 7657:(1985–1986) 7651:(1986–1992) 7493:(1981–1984) 7487:(1962–1963) 7325:Pagliarelli 7315:Porta Nuova 7080:Consigliere 7076:(Sottocapo) 6666:Sociologica 6067:Lupo (2011) 6057:, pp. 68-71 5851:November 9, 5723:, pp. 53–54 5347:22 February 5337:Malta Today 5317:22 February 5287:22 February 5257:22 February 4836:Cosa Nostra 4795:Cosa Nostra 4751:Cosa Nostra 4552:Cosa Nostra 4504:Cosa Nostra 4488:Cosa Nostra 4472:Cosa Nostra 4456:Cosa Nostra 4408:Cosa Nostra 4349:Cosa Nostra 4333:Cosa Nostra 4317:Cosa Nostra 4263:Cosa Nostra 4247:Cosa Nostra 4231:Cosa Nostra 4196:La Sicilia, 4145:Cosa Nostra 4129:Lupo (2009) 4117:Cosa Nostra 4069:Lupo (2011) 4057:Cosa Nostra 4041:Lupo (2011) 4029:Lupo (2011) 4001:Cosa Nostra 3987:, p. ? 3946:Mafia Trial 3934:Lupo (2011) 3922:Lupo (2009) 3910:Lupo (2009) 3898:Cosa Nostra 3882:Lupo (2011) 3857:Cosa Nostra 3679:10446/41026 3619:, pp. 91–93 3617:Cosa Nostra 3582:Cosa Nostra 3566:Lupo (2009) 3543:, pp. 39–46 3541:Cosa Nostra 3470:Cosa Nostra 3312:. YouTube. 3195:Lupo (2011) 3119:Lupo (2009) 3077:, pp. 42–43 2968:Cosa Nostra 2890:Their Thing 2878:Lupo (2011) 2866:Lupo (2011) 2717:Cosa Nostra 2596:27 December 2549:'Ndrangheta 2406:Cosa Nostra 2390:loan sharks 2367:Bid rigging 2321:Vote buying 2277:competitors 2137:Cosa Nostra 2121:Cosa Nostra 2102:Cosa Nostra 2017:Cosa Nostra 2009:Cosa Nostra 1937:Cosa Nostra 1900:Cosa Nostra 1893:Cosa Nostra 1873:Cosa Nostra 1836:Cosa Nostra 1829:consigliere 1821:consigliere 1761:consigliere 1709:Cosa Nostra 1691:Cosa Nostra 1585:Cosa Nostra 1545:'Ndrangheta 1528:Pax Mafiosa 1387:Cosa Nostra 1320:Cosa Nostra 1296:Cosa Nostra 1251:Cosa Nostra 1001:carabinieri 997:Cesare Mori 900:, May 1901. 771:Cosa Nostra 702:subcultural 639: [ 636:Henner Hess 577:industries. 529:'Ndrangheta 525:Cosa Nostra 512:cosa nostra 508:Cosa Nostra 488:Cosa Nostra 468:Cosa Nostra 464:cosa nostra 401: [ 365: [ 328:): rejected 279:Sicily was 202:sovereignty 147:Cosa Nostra 122:bid rigging 114:vote buying 18:Cosa nostra 9976:Categories 9961:Wiktionary 9818:California 9776:Bangladesh 9642:Population 9635:components 9458:operations 9456:Government 9037:Black Hand 8966:Caporegime 8885:Pittsburgh 8750:East Coast 8394:Naserligan 8194:Basilischi 8076:Cannonball 7908:Zemun Clan 7697:Basilischi 7649:Maxi Trial 7618:Addiopizzo 7343:Camporeale 7320:Brancaccio 7202:Mandamenti 7157:Corleonesi 7119:Mandamento 7089:Caporegime 7085:Capodecina 7038:Commission 6743:2019-10-19 6530:. Hodder. 6505:4 February 6305:Gambetta. 6149:Gambetta. 6112:Gambetta, 6099:Arlacchi. 6053:Gambetta, 5897:Gambetta, 5748:Gambetta, 5732:Arlacchi, 5706:Gambetta, 5592:Gambetta. 5551:Arlacchi, 5486:Gambetta. 5473:Arlacchi. 5227:23 January 5197:23 January 5187:Xinhua Net 5167:18 October 5137:18 October 4950:16 January 4921:2020-05-07 4897:2020-05-07 4818:2020-05-07 4776:5 November 4713:9 February 4390:Arlacchi. 4299:Gambetta, 4159:Petrotta, 4080:Servadio, 3823:2019-02-14 3794:2019-08-21 3736:2017-04-12 3706:2019-07-05 3452:Gambetta. 3320:2011-12-11 3294:2019-09-21 3231:2019-10-19 3165:, p. 3121:, p. 3105:, p. 3073:Servadio, 2849:Gambetta, 2836:2019-04-08 2565:References 2519:Basilischi 2446:Reputation 2271:, lack of 2231:Addiopizzo 1920:mandamenti 1906:Commission 1867:Membership 1791:capodecina 1756:sotto capo 1602:L'Espresso 1489:government 1395:Corleonesi 1362:Maxi Trial 1356:Maxi Trial 1310:, and the 1239:Marseilles 1074:gabellotti 1007:gabellotti 817:landowners 788:capitalism 726:Maxi Trial 647:Anton Blok 612:countries. 130:kidnapping 94:Membership 9806:Liverpool 9771:Australia 9705:Informant 8986:Members ( 8978:Associate 8953:Underboss 8929:Structure 8910:St. Louis 8890:Rochester 8880:Milwaukee 8853:(Chicago) 8836:Cleveland 8768:Patriarca 8299:Satudarah 8284:Hopi Boys 8156:Miri-Clan 7970:Irish Mob 7943:Kray firm 7586:Antimafia 7501:Massacres 7422:Mistretta 7297:Mussomeli 7239:Cianciana 7234:Canicattì 7219:Agrigento 7182:Inzerillo 7097:(Soldier) 7074:Underboss 6886:203205871 6878:1980-8585 6116:, pp. 185 5883:27 August 4887:0307-1235 4671:2 October 3781:0022-0507 3726:VoxEU.org 3688:1468-0297 3400:. p. 368. 3253:Seindal, 2853:, p. 136. 2354:Smuggling 2189:or other 2180:see below 2158:see above 2066:godfather 2044:Etiquette 1933:consensus 1803:underboss 1782:picciotti 1748:underboss 1728:Hierarchy 1540:mafiosi. 1079:socialist 1065:communist 959:In 1925, 859:In 1864, 784:feudalism 722:paradigms 563:In 1876, 543:, or the 410:The term 262:"mafiusa" 228:The word 224:Etymology 160:Sicilian: 110:extortion 88:Sicilians 84:Ethnicity 78:Agrigento 65:Territory 9887:Pakistan 9725:Banditry 9700:Henchman 9695:Gun moll 9690:Gangster 9577:Category 9139:Hearings 9104:Meetings 9049:Vendetta 9027:Made man 8989:made men 8905:San Jose 8895:Rockford 8869:D'Aquila 8857:Lanzetta 8841:Colorado 8830:Bufalino 8718:Lucchese 8678:Genovese 8580:Families 8326:Slovakia 7462:Meetings 7428:Siracusa 7358:Bagheria 7348:Corleone 7192:Graviano 7162:Galatolo 7114:Made man 7040:(Cupola) 6967:Archived 6557:(1989). 6526:(2007). 6401:(1988). 6242:Archived 6223:Archived 6166:Archived 6153:. p. 231 6103:. p. 201 5948:. p. 111 5917:Archived 5906:Archived 5845:Archived 5826:Stille. 5774:Alcorn, 5752:, p. 115 5736:, p. 126 5710:, p. 114 5688:Archived 5628:Archived 5609:Archived 5574:Archived 5555:, p. 106 5538:Capeci. 5503:, pp. 41 5490:. p. 111 5458:Archived 5419:Archived 5393:Archived 5367:Archived 5341:Archived 5311:Archived 5281:Archived 5251:Archived 5221:Archived 5161:Archived 5131:Archived 5110:ABC News 5102:Archived 5076:Archived 5056:Archived 5037:Archived 4891:Archived 4851:Archived 4838:, p. 429 4797:, p. 427 4753:, p. 416 4731:Archived 4707:Archived 4665:Archived 4634:Archived 4610:Archived 4582:16 March 4576:Archived 4519:Archived 4506:, p. 373 4490:, p. 371 4458:, p. 358 4438:15 March 4432:archived 4410:, p. 357 4394:. p. 120 4351:, p. 325 4335:, p. 318 4319:, p. 312 4278:. p. 167 4265:, p. 281 4249:, p. 278 4211:Archived 4188:Archived 4165:Archived 4147:, p. 245 4119:, p. 240 4097:Archived 4059:, p. 243 4003:, p. 176 3968:Archived 3949:Archived 3900:, p. 173 3868:Duggan. 3859:, p. 152 3840:, p. 119 3836:Duggan, 3817:Archived 3815:. 2019. 3785:Archived 3730:Archived 3700:Archived 3696:55694103 3632:Archived 3600:, p. 64. 3456:. p. 94. 3369:Archived 3341:Archived 3314:Archived 3285:Archived 3262:Archived 3225:Archived 2931:Archived 2912:Archived 2893:Archived 2830:Archived 2677:(2014). 2621:Archived 2467:See also 2338:— 1994:— 1989:Fratuzzi 1980:Fratuzzi 1784:). 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