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344:– this a design concept that would mean making components of the rover able to be swapped for other components in convenient way or disassembled into smaller sections. For example, a rover might able to be broken down into smaller pieces that are assembled on the surface after being landed on the surface of Mars. This would allow for larger rovers to be delivered to the surface of Mars. A modular design would also allow for different work packages, such as a
1941:
78:
1953:
1658:
483:. There are several advantages to having an unpressurized rover as opposed to a pressurized variant, such as a reduced weight. A pressurized rover would weigh more, adding to fuel costs both in its launch to Mars and in the higher electricity usage of a larger vehicle. Unpressurized rovers could also be used to carry cargo to and from a base or to transport astronauts to a larger pressurized rover.
313:
the Mars atmosphere, and a driving compartments which could remain pressurized during this time. The same study also suggested a bigger, long-duration rover with tracks and robotic arms, in addition to other types in that crewed Mars mission concept. Airlock design, especially for EVA, is an area of study for pressurized rovers.
200:
Navigation on Mars is noted as important issue for human missions to the planet. Celestial navigation, used for over 500 years on Earth, may provide a way of locating on the Mars surface to within about 100 meters (109 yards). Navigation is especially relevant to rovers, because they need to know at
134:
The Manned Mars
Exploration Rover (MMER) won a design award in 2010. Some features included live-aboard capability, a winch, airlock, and six foam core wheels. It featured modular construction so it could be assembled from smaller parts, and the suggested power source was radioisotope batteries. An
312:
An example of criteria for a crewed Mars surface rover was expressed by NASA in the surface variant of the aforementioned SEV, in development during the 2010s. The 1980s era "Case for Mars" design suggest a medium-range rover with two compartments, one which could be depressurized and opened up to
337:
design, allowing a person to enter a Mars suit that has an opening connected to the pressurized interior of the rover, yet the rest of suit exterior remains exposed to the Mars environment. This would avoid having a separate airlock or depressurizing the whole vehicle when opening an exterior
139:
spacecraft, with a radioisotope power system that produced several hundred watts of electrical power. It produces this amount of power continuously with a slow decline over decades, with some of the heat given off by radioactive decay going to the production of electricity and a larger amount
165:, which has a version for outer space. An early version of the SEV rover was tested in 2008 by NASA in the desert. The SEV for space or roving missions was designed to support two humans for 14-days, and would include a toilet, sleeping logistics, and one version has
53:
Two types of crewed Mars rovers are unpressurized for a crew in Mars space suits, and pressurized for the crew to work without a space suit. Pressurized rovers have been envisioned for short trips from a Mars base, or may be equipped as a mobile base or laboratory.
117:, including a cargo version carrying a pressurized Mobile Laboratory for Mars, called MOLAB. One of the ideas for Molab was for it to touch down on its wheels, what was called a "rover first" concept. MOLAB had a pressurized cylinder for crews to operate in a
212:
A GPS satellite network for Mars would mean a constellation of satellites in Mars orbit, but one alternative would be a surface based pseudo-satellites array. These devices would have to be emplaced with high precision, unless they were self-calibrating.
143:
In 2017, the Park
Brother's Concepts debuted their Mars Rover design, which featured a six-wheel design, enclosed cab, and a mobile laboratory concept. The rover concept is a Non-NASA design, but did debut at the
1457:
610:
1054:
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65:
proposal included two rovers on its uncrewed power and logistics cargo lander. Each rover could hold a crew of two in a pressurized environment, with power coming from a
569:
169:
to support EVAs. Another concept is a windows that allow looking at objects very close to the front of the rover but on surface (down and to the front).
158:
magazine reported on this event, dubbing the rover a 'Mars Car' and noting the designers and various specifications of the vehicle, such as its size.
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1527:
638:
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127:, a Mars colonization plan intended to be funded by a TV show, planned an unpressurized crewed rover capable of traveling 80 km (50 miles).
829:
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600:
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101:
DRMA 5.0 "commuter" Mars base, featuring a pressurized rover for two, with a 5 kilowatt
Stirling radioisotope generator for power.
1771:
1759:
1754:
888:"I drove the 6,600-lb 'car' that NASA designed for astronauts on Mars, and I'll never see space exploration the same way again"
1267:
479:
Unpressurized Mars rovers would require crew to wear spacesuits due to their lack of air, being functionally similar to the
1520:
1160:
684:
1395:
683:
Zakrajsek, James J.; McKissock, David B.; Woytach, Jeffrey M.; Zakrajsek, June F.; Oswald, Fred B.; et al. (2005).
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418:
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362:– this is a place for a Mars-suited astronaut to control the rover without having to re-enter the pressurized area
285:
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
62:
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692:. First AIAA Space Exploration Conference, Orlando, Florida, January 30–February 1, 2005. AIAA–2005–2525
651:
448:
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368:– one idea is to have a 2.5 cm barrier of ice as shielding, and this ice could also be used as a
327:, ascent stage, or other rover, allowing the passage of people in a pressurized thru-way after docking
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In crewed Mars missions, rovers are sometimes grouped under the term "Mars surface elements".
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Crewed Mars rovers are a component of many designs for a human mission to the planet
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for transporting people on the planet Mars, and have been conceptualized as part of
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1201:
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and is back dropped by agencies goal of getting humans to Mars by the early 2030s.
28:
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For options for keeping track of location as the rover moves around Mars include:
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least roughly where they are and where they are going to get to a destination.
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An example of an in-house NASA design for rover is the wheeled version of the
1967:
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1104:"Comparing NASA and ESA Cost Estimating Methods for Human Missions to Mars"
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89:
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97:
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1918:
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570:"Liftoff for Aurora: Europe's first steps to Mars, the Moon and beyond"
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43:
1079:"Figure 4. Long-range rover with a complex multi-week life support..."
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1055:"Figure 3. Medium-range rover depicting two astronauts recovering..."
637:
Price, Hoppy; Hawkins, Alisa; Radcliffe, Torrey (16 September 2009).
537:
521:
517:
513:
472:
379:
369:
334:
106:
82:
956:"Mars Rover Navigation Using GPS Self-Calibrating Pseudolite Arrays"
830:"Mars Car: Manned Mars Rover Concept Debuts at Kennedy Space Center"
601:"Mars Car: Manned Mars Rover Concept Debuts at Kennedy Space Center"
1749:
1633:
401:
166:
124:
1133:"PRESSURIZED OR UNPRESSURIZED ROVERS FOR MARS SURFACE EXPLORATION"
682:
1781:
1439:
856:
854:
852:
850:
349:
77:
1657:
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1245:
847:
512:(the crewed rover of Apollo missions, used on the Moon during
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990:
823:
821:
819:
646:
58:
1691:
574:
816:
323:– a docking hatch would allow the rover to connect to a
93:
Pressurized rovers for a human expedition to planet Mars
792:"Insider's Cassini: Power, Propulsion, and Andrew Ging"
713:"Origin of the Apollo-shaped Manned Mars Lander (1966)"
1929:
1161:
Exploration Rover
Concepts and Development Challenges
686:
Exploration Rover
Concepts and Development Challenges
678:
676:
674:
672:
636:
308:
Curiosity's wheel damaged by the
Martian environment.
546:(suspension design used on NASA Mars rovers to-date)
316:Design ideas for crewed and/or pressurized rovers:
983:"Flight Control System for NASA's Mars Helicopter"
669:
1212:
980:
205:was the method used by the Mars Pathfinder rover
1965:
1213:Perez-Davis, Marla E.; Faymon, Karl A. (1987).
950:
948:
946:
506:(a submersible with a clear sphere for viewing)
1102:Hunt, Charles D.; van Pelt, Michel O. (2004).
594:
592:
333:– an integrated combining of the rover with a
1521:
1261:
919:"Celestial Navigation on the Surface of Mars"
1101:
943:
912:
910:
27:was selected by the ESA when discussing its
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1016:
589:
1528:
1514:
1268:
1254:
765:"Manned Mars Rover wins Good Design Award"
1535:
1478:List of rovers on extraterrestrial bodies
1095:
974:
907:
862:"Multi-Mission Space Exploration Vehicle"
1176:"Wernher von Braun's Martian Chronicles"
1013:
732:
711:Portree, David S. F. (25 October 2012).
495:(commonly used spacecraft radio at Mars)
466:
303:
96:
88:
76:
18:
1130:
981:Grip, Håvard Fjær; et al. (2019).
710:
1966:
1772:Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition
1755:Mars Analogue Research Station Program
1137:International Astronautical Foundation
789:
632:
630:
628:
562:
427:
131:was announced as a possible supplier.
1509:
1249:
1173:
1001:from the original on 28 February 2024
916:
885:
783:
393:Light-weight structures and materials
121:even on an extraterrestrial surface.
1215:"Mars Manned Transportation Vehicle"
598:
431:
382:and/or high-energy-density batteries
1026:"Space Exploration Vehicle Concept"
827:
757:
625:
13:
1154:
790:Barber, Todd J. (23 August 2010).
375:Additional possible technologies:
14:
1990:
1552:List of crewed Mars mission plans
1167:
1131:Salotti, Prof. Jean Marc (2012).
886:Orwig, Jessica (5 January 2016).
613:from the original on 18 July 2018
1951:
1939:
1656:
1367:
1231:"DRM 1 Mars Rover - Pressurized"
1228:
639:"Austere Human Missions to Mars"
435:
419:Automated rendezvous and docking
284:
266:
252:
225:
184:Inertial measurements (see also
1275:
1124:
1071:
1047:
960:Stanford Aerospace Robotics Lab
879:
216:
67:Stirling radioisotope generator
16:Mars rovers transporting people
1598:Austere Human Missions to Mars
834:robertvasquez123.wordpress.com
704:
63:Austere Human Missions to Mars
1:
1719:Mars Design Reference Mission
555:
356:, to be swapped in as needed.
172:
1702:Space Exploration Initiative
1644:Vision for Space Exploration
1603:Mars Piloted Orbital Station
1174:Novak, Matt (30 July 2012).
181:Topographic cues from images
115:Marshall Space Flight Center
81:Mars rover with person in a
7:
924:United States Naval Academy
917:Malay, Benjamin P. (2001).
486:
471:Buggy-style Mars rover for
72:
10:
1995:
599:Fink, Greg (7 June 2017).
135:example of RTG use is the
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1569:
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1365:
1283:
550:Space Exploration Vehicle
186:Inertial measurement unit
163:Space Exploration Vehicle
1458:Rover embedded computers
797:Cassini Solstice Mission
360:Chariot piloting station
119:shirt-sleeve environment
1682:Martian Piloted Complex
1391:Mars Science Laboratory
1190:"James Cameron's rover"
414:Thermal control systems
408:Extravehicular activity
232:Mars rover wheels from
105:In the 1960s, the post-
23:This space art, titled
1979:Human missions to Mars
1914:Mars atmospheric entry
1327:Mars Exploration Rover
540:(e.g. Mars space suit)
476:
309:
191:A Mars GPS if emplaced
102:
94:
86:
32:
1904:Mars orbit rendezvous
1846:Mars Excursion Module
1803:Caves of Mars Project
1629:Constellation program
1241:on December 28, 2016.
931:on September 23, 2008
740:"Mission Feasibility"
499:Human mission to Mars
470:
307:
279:'wheelprint' on Mars
259:Rover wheels 3/4 view
129:Astrobotic Technology
111:Mars Excursion Module
100:
92:
80:
22:
1909:Terraforming of Mars
1872:Colonization of Mars
1473:Lunar Roving Vehicle
510:Lunar Roving Vehicle
481:Lunar Roving Vehicle
366:Ice-shield heat sink
325:Mars surface habitat
195:Celestial navigation
146:Kennedy Space Center
1877:Exploration of Mars
1582:SpaceX Mars program
524:in the early 1970s)
428:Unpressurized rover
386:Regenerative brakes
140:radiated as waste.
61:. For example, the
771:. 13 February 2010
657:on 6 February 2010
477:
447:. You can help by
310:
103:
95:
87:
40:manned Mars rovers
36:Crewed Mars rovers
33:
1927:
1926:
1836:Crewed Mars rover
1777:Concordia Station
1713:The Case for Mars
1652:
1651:
1503:
1502:
1463:Crewed Mars rover
1434:Rosalind Franklin
962:. 1 November 2010
828:Vasquez, Robert.
700:– via NASA.
465:
464:
397:Active suspension
1986:
1956:
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1676:The Mars Project
1660:
1639:Inspiration Mars
1624:Aurora programme
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1516:
1507:
1506:
1426:Planned missions
1377:Current missions
1371:
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1237:. Archived from
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927:. Archived from
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893:Business Insider
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800:. Archived from
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650:. Archived from
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504:Johnson Sea Link
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209:for navigation.
50:to that planet.
29:Aurora programme
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1306:Mars Pathfinder
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1235:Astronautix.com
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1155:Further reading
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804:on 2 April 2012
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155:Car and Driver
150:Summer of Mars
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48:human missions
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297:wheel on Mars
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38:(also called
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25:The Next Stop
21:
1958:Solar System
1835:
1831:Mars habitat
1813:Mars Society
1736:Mars analogs
1711:
1674:
1666:20th-century
1608:Mars to Stay
1561:21st-century
1483:Mars landing
1462:
1432:
1404:Perseverance
1402:
1383:
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1341:
1340:Timeline of
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1332:Timeline of
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1297:
1239:the original
1234:
1229:Wade, Mark.
1221:
1205:
1193:
1179:
1140:. Retrieved
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1126:
1116:22 September
1114:. Retrieved
1110:
1097:
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1082:ResearchGate
1081:
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1058:ResearchGate
1057:
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1039:22 September
1037:. Retrieved
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989:
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929:the original
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694:. Retrieved
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659:. Retrieved
652:the original
645:
617:22 September
615:. Retrieved
604:
581:22 September
579:. Retrieved
573:
564:
544:Rocker-bogie
528:Mars habitat
478:
453:
449:adding to it
444:
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404:and software
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217:Rover design
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85:(NASA, 1995)
56:
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39:
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1974:Mars rovers
1946:Spaceflight
1899:Mars cycler
1851:Mars lander
1707:Mars Direct
1697:Ride Report
1468:Lunar rover
1334:Opportunity
1321:Opportunity
1277:Mars rovers
1194:bp.blogspot
1181:Smithsonian
1005:28 February
899:25 February
871:25 February
839:25 February
473:Mars suited
456:August 2021
352:, or cable
238:, the twin
44:Mars rovers
1968:Categories
1919:Mars flyby
1865:Miscellany
1856:Mars rover
556:References
533:Mars rover
475:astronauts
380:Fuel cells
173:Navigation
1841:Mars suit
1668:proposals
1563:proposals
1488:Sky crane
1410:Mars 2020
1385:Curiosity
1357:Tianwen-1
1299:Sojourner
1087:17 August
1063:17 August
808:20 August
538:Mars suit
522:Apollo 17
518:Apollo 16
514:Apollo 15
370:heat sink
335:Mars suit
331:Suit port
292:Curiosity
274:Curiosity
245:Curiosity
235:Sojourner
207:Sojourner
167:suitports
107:Mariner 4
83:Mars suit
1824:concepts
1822:Hardware
1796:Advocacy
1750:MARS-500
1634:Mars One
1415:timeline
1396:timeline
996:Archived
769:Dexigner
749:6 August
744:Mars One
611:Archived
487:See also
402:Avionics
125:Mars One
73:Examples
1932:Portals
1882:Fiction
1782:HI-SEAS
1591:Passive
1451:Related
1440:ExoMars
1351:Zhurong
966:7 March
724:4 March
350:backhoe
1892:novels
1687:Aelita
1617:Former
1570:Active
1342:Spirit
1315:Spirit
1291:PrOP-M
1202:"Home"
1163:(2005)
1142:May 5,
1035:. 2010
520:, and
390:Wheels
295:'s
277:'s
242:, and
42:) are
1887:films
1787:NEEMO
1760:FMARS
1218:(PDF)
1107:(PDF)
1029:(PDF)
999:(PDF)
986:(PDF)
718:WIRED
690:(PDF)
655:(PDF)
642:(PDF)
354:winch
346:crane
338:hatch
113:, by
1765:MDRS
1741:list
1541:Mars
1318:and
1222:NASA
1144:2022
1118:2018
1111:NASA
1089:2018
1065:2018
1041:2018
1033:NASA
1007:2024
991:NASA
968:2018
937:2018
901:2018
873:2018
866:NASA
841:2018
810:2011
777:2018
751:2013
726:2018
698:2018
663:2018
647:NASA
619:2018
583:2018
240:MERs
59:Mars
1724:3.0
1692:TMK
1539:to
575:ESA
451:.
148:'s
1970::
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