33:
53:
542:"Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov. comb. nov., C. malonaticus sp. nov., C. turicensis sp. nov., C. muytjensii sp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov., and C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov"
1222:"The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1"
243:
with some strains able to survive in a desiccated state for more than two years. However, not all cases have been linked to contaminated infant formula. In
November 2011, several shipments of
292:
cases occur in the adult population. However it is the association with intrinsically or extrinsically contaminated powdered formula which has attracted the main attention. According to
1034:
429:
827:
Centers for
Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (April 2002). "Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula--Tennessee, 2001".
435:
269:
1453:
710:
Cao Y, Dever K, Van Hoorde K, Sivasankaran SK, Nguyen SV, Macori G, Naithani A, Gopinath GR, Tall B, Lehner A, Stephan R, Srikumar S, Fanning S (November 2021).
384:, initially comprising four named species in 2007. The taxonomy was expanded to five named species in 2008, and more recently (2011) to seven named species.
541:
451:
was from a can of dried milk in 1950, although these organisms have likely existed for millions of years. In 1980, John J. Farmer III, proposed the name
463:
was implicated in scores of cases of meningitis and sepsis among infants, frequently in association with powdered infant formula. In 2007, the genus
456:
653:
Srikumar S, Cao Y, Yan Q, Van Hoorde K, Nguyen S, Cooney S, Gopinath GR, Tall BD, Sivasankaran SK, Lehner A, Stephan R, Fanning S (January 2019).
1466:
220:
are at the highest risk. The pathogen is a rare cause of invasive infection in infants, with historically high case fatality rates (40–80%).
1427:
1038:
1440:
363:
859:"Enterobacter sakazakii infections among neonates, infants, children, and adults. Case reports and a review of the literature"
1445:
1527:
712:"Alterations in the Transcriptional Landscape Allow Differential Desiccation Tolerance in Clinical Cronobacter sakazakii"
285:
called 'Sequence Type 4' or 'ST4', and therefore this clone appears to be of greatest concern with infant infections.
258:) contamination. In one study, the pathogen was found in 12% of field vegetables and 13% of hydroponic vegetables.
1471:
281:
cases in the past 30 years, across 6 countries, have been associated with only one genetic lineage of the species
1392:
580:
293:
1220:
Iversen C, Lehner A, Mullane N, Bidlas E, Cleenwerck I, Marugg J, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H (2007).
1517:
52:
1522:
359:
274:
273:, have been linked retrospectively to clinical cases of infection in either adults or infants. However
1481:
232:
288:
The bacterium is ubiquitous, being isolated from a range of environments and foods; the majority of
1335:
1069:
reveals stable clonal structures with clinical significance which do not correlate with biotypes"
415:
405:
347:
suggested these may represent different species and required further research for clarification.
1354:
655:"RNA Sequencing-Based Transcriptional Overview of Xerotolerance in Cronobacter sakazakii SP291"
399:
393:
455:
for what had been known as "yellow-pigmented E. cloacae", in honor of
Japanese bacteriologist
767:
Hunter, Catherine J.; Petrosyan, Mikael; Ford, Henri R.; Prasadarao, Nemani V. (2017-04-28).
320:
137:
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1233:
986:
723:
666:
8:
845:
84:
1237:
727:
670:
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935:
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711:
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572:
381:
104:
47:
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533:
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1184:
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Joseph S, Sonbol H, Hariri S, Desai P, McClelland M, Forsythe SJ (September 2012).
1143:
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1090:
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930:
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892:
870:
796:
780:
739:
731:
682:
674:
625:
576:
556:
530:
517:
413:
genomospecies I. The taxonomy was revised in 2008 to include a fifth named species
207:
94:
1377:
614:
sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water, and food ingredients"
240:
74:
1270:
1173:"Diversity of the Cronobacter genus as revealed by multilocus sequence typing"
522:
501:
1511:
1012:
792:
176:
1085:
826:
1300:
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1206:
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1020:
944:
926:
884:
840:
810:
753:
696:
639:
630:
601:
568:
329:
987:"Occurrence of Cronobacter spp. in Dried Foods, Fresh Vegetables and Soil"
560:
1386:
1188:
784:
735:
678:
506:: a new species of "Enterobacteriaceae" isolated from clinical specimens"
376:
335:
263:
224:
199:
114:
32:
479:, the Titan of Greek myth, who devoured his children as they were born.
1432:
958:
Caubilla-Barron J, Forsythe S (2007). "Dry stress and survival time of
367:
278:
228:
184:
1406:
1003:
769:"Enterobacter sakazakii: An Emerging Pathogen in Infants and Neonates"
409:(comprising three subspecies) plus an unnamed species referred to as
191:
1348:
1371:
539:
213:
187:
180:
64:
1401:
549:
International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
499:
210:
476:
297:
247:
239:
infections cases have been associated with the use of powdered
217:
202:
and this xerotolerance may be strain specific. The majority of
709:
1327:
766:
540:
Iversen C; Mullane N; Barbara McCardell; et al. (2008).
447:
The first documented isolation of what would become known as
244:
1219:
500:
Farmer JJ III, Asbury MA, Hickman FW, Brenner DJ (1980).
652:
190:
that can live in very dry places, a phenomenon known as
1170:
957:
516:(3). the Enterobacteriaceae Study Group (USA): 569–84.
327:
was 53–54% related to species in two different genera,
419:, which in 2007 had been regarded as a subspecies of
911:"Invasive Enterobacter sakazakii disease in infants"
315:was defined as a species in 1980 by JJ Farmer III
1509:
951:
595:
593:
300:, and the most clinically significant species,
1117:
1037:. Seeger Weiss LLP. 2011-11-16. Archived from
475:as the type species. The genus was named for
433:, and a seventh species was described called
590:
467:was created to accommodate the biogroups of
387:The initial four named species in 2007 were
1027:
908:
829:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
354:strains has been studied using full-length
610:sp. nov., a novel species designation for
31:
1309:
1299:
1255:
1245:
1196:
1147:
1094:
1084:
1002:
934:
874:
800:
743:
686:
629:
521:
370:. This resulted in the classification of
358:gene sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization,
606:sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat and
495:
493:
491:
277:has shown that the majority of neonatal
1344:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
1058:
904:
902:
1510:
822:
820:
716:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
659:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
599:
198:utilizes a number of genes to survive
1353:
1352:
1281:
488:
427:genomospecies I was formally renamed
1482:fc6af219-b6bf-4d7f-95dd-d551de718712
984:
899:
339:. However, diverse biogroups within
1284:"Etymologia: Cronobacter sakazakii"
909:Bowen AB, Braden CR (August 2006).
856:
817:
350:The taxonomic relationship between
13:
304:, was distinguishable ~15-23 MYA.
14:
1539:
1321:
1177:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
876:10.1097/00005792-200103000-00004
296:(MLSA) the genus originated ~40
51:
1282:Henry, Ronnie (November 2018).
1275:
1213:
1164:
1111:
1061:"Multilocus sequence typing of
1052:
978:
966:in dehydrated infant formula".
1118:Joseph & Forsythe (2011).
850:
760:
703:
646:
169:, which before 2007 was named
1:
1124:ST4 with neonatal infections"
1059:Baldwin; et al. (2009).
1035:"FDA Recall of Kotex Tampons"
482:
391:(comprising two subspecies),
1328:An international meeting on
1128:Emerging Infectious Diseases
985:Ueda, Shigeko (2017-01-01).
915:Emerging Infectious Diseases
600:Joseph; et al. (2011).
442:
294:multilocus sequence analysis
7:
307:
10:
1544:
1528:Bacteria described in 1980
968:Journal of Food Protection
360:multilocus sequence typing
343:were described and Farmer
275:multilocus sequence typing
1361:
618:Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
523:10.1099/00207713-30-3-569
459:. Over the next decades,
233:necrotizing enterocolitis
143:
136:
48:Scientific classification
46:
39:
30:
23:
1226:BMC Evolutionary Biology
223:In infants it can cause
1086:10.1186/1471-2180-9-223
1067:Cronobacter malonaticus
608:Cronobacter universalis
430:Cronobacter universalis
250:were recalled due to a
1301:10.3201/eid2411.et2411
1247:10.1186/1471-2148-7-64
1140:10.3201/eid1709.110260
960:Enterobacter sakazakii
927:10.3201/eid1208.051509
631:10.1099/ijs.0.032292-0
604:Cronobacter condimenti
504:Enterobacter sakazakii
453:Enterobacter sakazakii
436:Cronobacter condimenti
175:, is an opportunistic
172:Enterobacter sakazakii
1459:cronobacter-sakazakii
1393:Cronobacter sakazakii
1363:Cronobacter sakazakii
1338:Cronobacter sakazakii
1122:Cronobacter sakazakii
1063:Cronobacter sakazakii
857:Lai KK (March 2001).
561:10.1099/ijs.0.65577-0
449:Cronobacter sakazakii
389:Cronobacter sakazakii
321:DNA-DNA hybridization
283:Cronobacter sakazakii
206:cases are adults but
166:Cronobacter sakazakii
147:Cronobacter sakazakii
41:Cronobacter sakazakii
25:Cronobacter sakazakii
1189:10.1128/JCM.00905-12
785:10.1089/sur.2008.006
736:10.1128/AEM.00830-21
679:10.1128/AEM.01993-18
510:Int J Syst Bacteriol
16:Species of bacterium
1238:2007BMCEE...7...64I
773:Surgical Infections
728:2021ApEnM..87E.830C
671:2019ApEnM..85E1993S
85:Gammaproteobacteria
1518:Enterobacteriaceae
991:Biocontrol Science
964:Enterobacteriaceae
382:Enterobacteriaceae
105:Enterobacteriaceae
1523:Food microbiology
1505:
1504:
1490:Open Tree of Life
1355:Taxon identifiers
1004:10.4265/bio.22.55
624:(Pt 6): 1277–83.
162:
161:
129:C. sakazakii
1535:
1498:
1497:
1485:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1461:
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1448:
1436:
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1288:Emerg Infect Dis
1279:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1200:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1120:"Association of
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1109:
1108:
1098:
1088:
1073:BMC Microbiology
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1006:
982:
976:
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955:
949:
948:
938:
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897:
896:
878:
854:
848:
844:
824:
815:
814:
804:
764:
758:
757:
747:
722:(24): e0083021.
707:
701:
700:
690:
650:
644:
643:
633:
597:
588:
587:
585:
579:. Archived from
546:
537:
528:
527:
525:
497:
374:as a new genus,
267:species, except
235:. Most neonatal
208:low-birth-weight
149:
95:Enterobacterales
56:
55:
35:
21:
20:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
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1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
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1457:
1452:
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1418:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1385:
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1375:
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1357:
1336:Type strain of
1324:
1319:
1280:
1276:
1218:
1214:
1169:
1165:
1116:
1112:
1057:
1053:
1044:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1028:
983:
979:
956:
952:
907:
900:
855:
851:
835:(14): 297–300.
825:
818:
765:
761:
708:
704:
651:
647:
598:
591:
583:
544:
538:
531:
498:
489:
485:
457:Riichi Sakazaki
445:
310:
158:
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132:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1359:
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1323:
1322:External links
1320:
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1274:
1271:Free full text
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1163:
1110:
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977:
950:
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849:
846:Free full text
816:
779:(5): 533–539.
759:
702:
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589:
586:on 2020-02-07.
529:
486:
484:
481:
444:
441:
416:C. malonaticus
406:C. dublinensis
309:
306:
241:infant formula
160:
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120:
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75:Pseudomonadota
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1183:(9): 3031–9.
1182:
1178:
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1141:
1137:
1134:(9): 1713–5.
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1041:on 2014-09-05
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921:(8): 1185–9.
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869:(2): 113–22.
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555:(6): 1442–7.
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426:
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
407:
402:
401:
400:C. muytjensii
396:
395:
394:C. turicensis
390:
385:
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379:
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369:
365:
361:
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270:C. condimenti
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192:xerotolerance
189:
186:
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178:
177:Gram-negative
174:
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142:
139:
138:Binomial name
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1294:(11): 2124.
1291:
1287:
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1215:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1113:
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1072:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1043:. Retrieved
1039:the original
1029:
997:(1): 55–59.
994:
990:
980:
971:
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953:
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662:
658:
648:
621:
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611:
607:
603:
581:the original
552:
548:
513:
509:
503:
473:C. sakazakii
472:
469:E. sakazakii
468:
464:
461:E. sakazakii
460:
452:
448:
446:
434:
428:
424:
423:. In 2012,
421:C. sakazakii
420:
414:
410:
404:
398:
392:
388:
386:
375:
372:E. sakazakii
371:
366:, automated
352:E. sakazakii
351:
349:
344:
341:E. sakazakii
340:
334:
330:Enterobacter
328:
325:E. sakazakii
324:
323:showed that
316:
313:E. sakazakii
312:
311:
302:C. sakazakii
301:
289:
287:
282:
268:
262:
260:
256:E. sakazakii
255:
251:
237:C. sakazakii
236:
222:
204:C. sakazakii
203:
196:C. sakazakii
195:
171:
170:
165:
164:
163:
154:
146:
144:
128:
127:
115:
40:
24:
18:
1387:Wikispecies
1330:Cronobacter
612:Cronobacter
465:Cronobacter
425:Cronobacter
411:Cronobacter
380:within the
377:Cronobacter
336:Citrobacter
290:Cronobacter
264:Cronobacter
252:Cronobacter
225:bacteraemia
200:desiccation
116:Cronobacter
1512:Categories
1045:2012-02-29
974:: 467–472.
962:and other
483:References
368:ribotyping
362:(MLST), f-
279:meningitis
229:meningitis
216:and older
185:pathogenic
181:rod-shaped
1378:Q25841585
1232:(1): 64.
1013:1884-0205
793:1096-2964
443:Etymology
188:bacterium
123:Species:
1372:Wikidata
1266:17439656
1207:22785185
1158:21888801
1105:19852808
1021:28367871
945:16965695
885:11307587
863:Medicine
841:12002167
811:18687047
754:34644165
697:30446557
640:22661070
569:18523192
356:16S rRNA
308:Taxonomy
214:neonatal
153:(Farmer
101:Family:
71:Phylum:
65:Bacteria
61:Domain:
1433:8197673
1402:BacDive
1311:6199989
1257:1868726
1234:Bibcode
1198:3421776
1149:3322087
1096:2770063
1079:: 223.
936:3291213
893:7515008
802:2579942
745:8612285
724:Bibcode
688:6344630
667:Bibcode
577:6609941
471:, with
248:tampons
218:infants
211:preterm
111:Genus:
91:Order:
81:Class:
1495:935497
1479:NZOR:
1446:960942
1340:at Bac
1308:
1264:
1254:
1205:
1195:
1156:
1146:
1103:
1093:
1019:
1011:
943:
933:
891:
883:
839:
809:
799:
791:
752:
742:
695:
685:
638:
575:
567:
477:Cronos
155:et al.
1472:28141
1420:6BHW6
889:S2CID
665:(3).
584:(PDF)
573:S2CID
545:(PDF)
345:et al
317:et al
245:Kotex
157:1980)
1467:NCBI
1454:LPSN
1441:ITIS
1428:GBIF
1407:5236
1342:Dive
1262:PMID
1203:PMID
1154:PMID
1101:PMID
1065:and
1017:PMID
1009:ISSN
941:PMID
881:PMID
837:PMID
807:PMID
789:ISSN
750:PMID
693:PMID
636:PMID
565:PMID
403:and
364:AFLP
333:and
261:All
231:and
1415:CoL
1306:PMC
1296:doi
1252:PMC
1242:doi
1193:PMC
1185:doi
1144:PMC
1136:doi
1091:PMC
1081:doi
999:doi
931:PMC
923:doi
871:doi
797:PMC
781:doi
740:PMC
732:doi
683:PMC
675:doi
626:doi
557:doi
518:doi
298:MYA
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