957:
356:
1219:
Narrated Abu
Huraira, the Prophet said, "Religion (Dīn) is very easy and whoever overburdens himself in his religion will not be able to continue in that way. So you should not be extremists, but try to be near to perfection and receive the good tidings that you will be rewarded; and gain strength by
1182:
in places as "faith". Others suggest that the term "has been used in various forms and meanings, e.g., system, power, supremacy, ascendancy, sovereignty or lordship, dominion, law, constitution, mastery, government, realm, decision, definite outcome, reward and punishment. On the other hand, this
1212:: "whereas Shari'a is the ordaining of the Way and its proper subject is God, Dīn is the following of that Way, and its subject is man". Thus, "if we abstract from the Divine and the human points of reference, Shari'a and Dīn would be identical as far as the 'Way' and its content are concerned".
1519:
1170:
appears in as many as 79 verses in the Qur'an, but because there is no exact
English translation of the term, its precise definition has been the subject of some misunderstanding and disagreement. For instance, the term is often translated in parts of the
1130:, literally "the house of judgement," the ancient building block of the Jewish legal system. The Arabic sense "custom, usage" has been derived by classical and modern lexicologists from the Arabic verbal forms
1190:
is also widely used in translations of the Qur'an in a third sense. Most famously in its opening chapter, al-Fātiḥah, the term is translated in almost all
English translations as "judgment":
245:
1208:
The well-known
Islamic scholar, Fazlur Rahman Malik, suggested that Dīn is best considered as "the way-to-be-followed". In that interpretation, Dīn is the exact correlate of
238:
1612:
1104:(𐎄𐎊𐎐). However, none of these cognates carry any form of religious connotations, further supporting the etymological proposition made by Arthur Jeffery.
1231:
1150:
sees the
Hebraic and Arabic senses as related through the notions of retribution, debt, obligation, custom, and direction, prompting him to translate
1186:
In addition to the two broad usages referred to so far, of sovereignty on the one hand and submission on the other, others have noted that the term
1458:
307:, encompassing beliefs, character and deeds. The term appears in the Quran 98 times with different connotations, including in the phrase
1333:
1481:
1154:
as "the day when God gives a direction to each human being". This view is not supported by the majority of scholars, who translate
252:
730:
1126:"), refer to "power" and "judgement". In ancient Israel, the term featured heavily in administrative and legal proceedings i.e.
617:
1504:
1627:
1529:
795:
395:
1255:
987:
932:
666:
1309:
Gardet, L. (2012). "Dīn". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).
1632:
1044:
698:
745:
572:
323:" or the famous verse "La ikraha fid din" which translates to "Let there be no compulsion in religion" (
1107:
The Arabic sense of judgment is likely analogous to the
Hebraeo-Aramaic cognate root. The Hebrew term "
785:
1280:
880:
592:
812:
612:
1051:, have found this derivation unconvincing. Nonetheless, Al Khafaji and Tha'ahbi have included the
292:) is an Arabic word with three general senses: judgment, custom, and religion. It is used by both
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17:
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In
Islamic terminology, the word refers to the way of life Muslims must adopt to comply with
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that is related to religion in their list of foreign words, due to its lack of verbal root.
134:
8:
1265:
980:
866:
500:
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1473:
1043:, Mushegh Asatrian and Johnny Cheung are in agreement with this etymology. Others like
1408:
1119:, the term can, alongside "Gevurah" (cognate to the feminine form of Arabic adjective "
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For instance, translations of the Qur'an by
Marmaduke Pickthall, Shakir, and others
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Arabic and
Islamic term for "creed", "religion", or "(religious) lifestyle"
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1544:
Gulam Ahmed Parwez, "Exposition of the Qur'an", p. 12, Tolu-E-Islam Trust
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word is also used in the sense of obedience, submission and allegiance".
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On the (Middle) Iranian borrowings in Qur'ānic (and pre-Islamic) Arabic
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1380:
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708:
1111:", transliterated as "dīn", means either "law" or "judgement". In the
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The
Foreign Vocabulary Of The Quran (Gaekwad's Oriental Series; 79)
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In many hadith, the din has been described as a midway lifestyle:
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i," and (usually) translated as "Master of the Day of Judgment".
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are two separate words of different origin, he derives the
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For instance, the translation by Abdullah Yusuf Ali, 60:9
283:
1381:"Iranian Elements in Arabic: The State of Research"
1340:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from
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1368:. Baroda: Oriental Institute. pp. 133 seqq.
1331:
1574:, Ghulam Ahmed Parwez, Tolu-e-Islam Trust, 1941
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1220:worshipping in the mornings, the nights."
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1524:. Spoken Language Services. p. 352.
1497:"Jewish Divorce and the Role of Beit Din"
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1361:
1178:Some Qur'anic scholars have translated
14:
1620:
1461:from the original on 30 November 2016.
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1521:A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
1507:from the original on 7 December 2022.
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1234:, (Fath-ul-Bari, Page 102, Vol 1)
1319:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0168
1200:transliterated as "Maliki yawmi
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354:
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1495:Reiss, Jonathan (Winter 1999).
1471:
1451:"The Ten Sefirot: Din, Gevurah"
1256:List of Islamic terms in Arabic
1166:It has been said that the word
1161:
1511:
1488:
1465:
1443:
1426:Cheung, Johnny (6 June 2016),
1419:
1372:
1338:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
1332:John L. Esposito, ed. (2014).
1325:
325:Abdullah Yusuf Ali translation
122:who dies in the cause of Islam
13:
1:
1286:
1015:related to religion from the
1060:dīn "judgement, debt, etc.."
1009:dīn "judgement, debt etc..."
330:
319:), generally translated to "
7:
1239:
1158:as "the day of judgement".
529:("Stories of the Prophets")
284:
10:
1649:
1397:10.1163/157338406777979386
1379:Asatrian, Mushegh (2006).
1022:, itself derived from the
29:
1281:Wasatiyyah (Islamic term)
1074:
1035:. Most scholars, such as
1005:dīn "related to religion"
1628:Arabic words and phrases
1362:Jeffery, Arthur (1938).
618:Medieval Islamic science
30:Not to be confused with
1385:Iran & the Caucasus
1313:(2nd ed.). Brill.
1197:مَٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ
1455:Jewish Virtual Library
1311:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1237:
1206:
628:Succession to Muhammad
205:People of the Interval
1217:
1192:
1138:, "be indebted") and
288:, also anglicized as
1344:on 20 February 2019.
1045:Gaudefroy-Demombynes
667:Association football
1633:Islamic terminology
1518:Wehr, Hans (1994).
1439:– via HAL-SHS
1266:Christian worldview
428:Profession of Faith
401:Day of Resurrection
42:Part of a series on
1613:Definition of Deen
1478:My Jewish Learning
194:People of the Book
148:Sinner (by action)
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1227:Sahih al-Bukhari
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1077:),
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471:Foundations
309:yawm al-din
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440:Almsgiving
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1124:جَبَّارَة
1097:(ዳኘ) and
896:terrorism
848:Criticism
801:Sexuality
771:Mysticism
741:Festivals
721:Education
716:Economics
652:Academics
608:Caliphate
421:Practices
331:Etymology
317:يوم الدين
279:romanized
171:Hypocrite
137:, corrupt
1505:Archived
1482:Archived
1459:Archived
1276:Kabbalah
1240:See also
1223:—
1144:-دانى لِ
1140:dāna li-
1128:Beth Din
1113:Kabbalah
1099:Ugaritic
1064:cognates
942:Glossary
918:Jihadism
891:Violence
886:Islamism
857:Muhammad
843:Apostasy
786:Politics
736:Feminism
731:Exorcism
692:Diaspora
677:Children
672:Calendar
600:Rashidun
578:Muhammad
573:Timeline
534:Mathnawi
396:Prophets
340:a series
338:Part of
227:Religion
93:Believer
32:religion
1413:4030944
1271:Halakha
1210:Shari'a
1121:Jabārah
1117:Judaism
1092:Amharic
1087:דִּינָא
1079:Aramaic
1041:Vollers
1037:Nöldeke
1029:notion
1027:Avestan
813:Slavery
796:Science
751:Madrasa
746:Finance
657:Animals
645:society
641:Culture
613:Imamate
593:Sahabah
566:History
536:(Poems)
521:(creed)
445:Fasting
373:Oneness
366:Beliefs
294:Muslims
281::
165:Munafiq
1528:
1411:
1403:
1261:Sharia
1232:1:2:38
1202:ad-Dīn
1173:Qur'an
1068:Hebrew
1049:Gardet
867:Hadith
781:Poetry
761:Mosque
726:Ethics
551:Sharia
519:Aqidah
511:Tafsir
495:Hadith
489:Sunnah
433:Prayer
384:Angels
313:Arabic
270:Arabic
180:Groups
135:sinner
120:Martyr
114:Shahid
99:Muslim
1597:Islam
1409:JSTOR
1334:"Din"
1251:Daena
1246:Taqwa
1194:1:3
1032:daena
913:Jihad
862:Quran
823:Women
766:Music
704:Sunni
553:(law)
501:Sirah
482:Quran
466:Texts
348:Islam
213:Terms
154:Kafir
143:Fajir
133:Open
128:Fasiq
88:Mumin
69:Ihsan
61:Islam
48:Islam
1526:ISBN
1437:2022
1401:ISSN
1136:دانى
1132:dāna
1095:dañä
1082:dīnā
1047:and
1007:and
806:LGBT
709:Shia
643:and
543:Fiqh
296:and
290:Deen
65:Iman
52:Iman
50:and
1393:doi
1315:doi
1188:Dīn
1180:Dīn
1168:Dīn
1115:of
1109:דין
1102:dyn
1090:),
1075:דין
1071:dīn
1053:dīn
1020:den
1013:dīn
901:war
662:Art
377:God
375:of
327:).
300:.
285:Dīn
274:دين
266:Dīn
222:Din
106:God
18:Dīn
1624::
1588:^
1499:.
1480:.
1476:.
1457:.
1453:.
1407:.
1399:.
1389:10
1387:.
1383:.
1350:^
1336:.
1295:^
1230:,
1039:,
498:,
342:on
315::
276:,
272::
225:–
203:–
192:–
168:–
157:–
146:–
131:–
117:–
102:–
91:–
1534:.
1415:.
1395::
1321:.
1317::
1142:(
1134:(
1084:(
1073:(
989:e
982:t
975:v
504:)
492:(
311:(
268:(
254:e
247:t
240:v
108:)
34:.
20:)
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