377:
1333:
1111:
166:
because of Tor's history as a platform that could not be search-indexed. Mixing uses of both these terms has been described as inaccurate, with some commentators recommending the terms be used in distinct fashions.
480:
is a government, client-server darknet system that simultaneously provides secure anonymity (as long as at least one server remains uncompromised), efficient computation, and minimal bandwidth burden.
989:
92:
are intended to defend digital rights by providing security, anonymity, or censorship resistance and are used for both illegal and legitimate reasons. Anonymous communication between
1107:
1144:
210:
inevitable. This paper described "darknet" more generally as any type of parallel network that is encrypted or requires a specific protocol to allow a user to connect to it.
2050:
955:
1188:
1908:
985:
373:
Tor is the most popular instance of a darknet, and it is often mistakenly thought to be the only online tool that facilitates access to darknets.
806:
2455:
1134:
1016:
183:), for security purposes. Darknet addresses could receive data from ARPANET but did not appear in the network lists and would not answer
112:
that were hidden, programmed to receive messages but not respond to or acknowledge anything, thus remaining invisible and in the dark.
1312:
698:
1364:
1948:
1901:
1623:
872:
2065:
1039:
1613:
46:
that can only be accessed with specific software, configurations, or authorization, and often uses a unique customized
2420:
2060:
1266:
1241:
1090:
781:
756:
669:
330:
2113:
96:, activists, journalists and news organisations is also facilitated by darknets through use of applications such as
1894:
1765:
1618:
1283:
831:
511:
155:
73:
2470:
2236:
2035:
1845:
1628:
963:
424:
925:
2450:
2440:
1748:
1195:
2030:
2465:
2359:
2070:
227:
353:
All darknets require specific software installed or network configurations made to access them, such as
1738:
1477:
1357:
590:
477:
457:
798:
226:, described the darknet's reach encompassing file sharing networks. Subsequently, in 2014, journalist
2460:
2435:
1401:
1373:
203:
184:
2425:
2272:
2184:
2105:
1953:
1875:
1730:
1337:
1233:
406:
337:
20:
1725:
1189:"Anticounterfeiting on the Dark Web – Distinctions between the Surface Web, Dark Web and Deep Web"
2321:
631:
541:
503:
354:
159:
81:
77:
66:
202:
who argued the presence of the darknet was the primary hindrance to the development of workable
1825:
1386:
1012:
537:
471:
416:
207:
47:
486:
is a peer-to peer communication protocol, mesh network, and self-hosted social media ecosystem
2415:
2364:
2311:
1700:
1350:
497:
279:
136:
1225:
2298:
1963:
774:
Drugs on the Dark Net: How
Cryptomarkets are Transforming the Global Trade in Illicit Drugs
620:
341:
191:
190:
The term gained public acceptance following publication of "The
Darknet and the Future of
8:
2430:
2220:
1573:
1259:
Cyberspace Safety and
Security: 4th International Symposium : Proceedings (CSS 2012)
1226:
333:
309:, personal files, pornography, confidential files, illegal or counterfeit software, etc.)
2379:
2290:
2144:
2118:
2045:
1943:
1865:
1605:
1502:
1308:
507:
483:
358:
162:'s darknet. Additionally, the term is often inaccurately used interchangeably with the
910:
733:
686:
384:
illustrating the average number of Tor users per day between August 2012 and July 2013
2445:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2374:
2207:
2055:
2040:
1991:
1870:
1664:
1633:
1262:
1237:
1086:
1079:
777:
752:
665:
661:
283:
1166:
2215:
2162:
1986:
1793:
1788:
1381:
1221:
906:
729:
595:
470:
messenger communication and file transfer platform. It may be used as a darknet if
467:
437:
434:
420:
275:
243:
132:
120:
1038:
Biddle, Peter; England, Paul; Peinado, Marcus; Willman, Bryan (18 November 2002).
2011:
1695:
1659:
1437:
447:
72:
The term "darknet" was popularized by major news outlets and was associated with
39:
1638:
1219:
2006:
1710:
1432:
857:
605:
600:
521:
313:
289:
247:
1052:
2409:
2139:
1976:
1921:
1917:
1860:
1840:
1835:
1803:
1773:
1705:
1690:
318:
259:
93:
1342:
1108:"The Dark Net: Inside the Digital Underworld by Jamie Bartlett, book review"
530:
is a federated system of personal servers in a peer-to-peer overlay network.
2249:
1981:
1492:
362:
302:
255:
219:
195:
179:(the government-founded military/academical network which evolved into the
147:
128:
124:
62:
55:
51:
1734:
2131:
2001:
1930:
1830:
1798:
1715:
1553:
1512:
1482:
140:
2194:
2149:
1996:
1971:
1643:
1583:
1522:
1507:
1497:
1427:
1257:
Xiang, Yang; Lopez, Javier; Jay Kuo, C.-C.; Zhou, Wanlei, eds. (2012).
626:
577:
554:
520:
is an anonymous BitTorrent client with built in search engine, and non-
463:
235:
97:
1886:
1228:
Privacy
Enhancing Technologies Third International Workshop (PET 2003)
835:
175:"Darknet" was coined in the 1970s to designate networks isolated from
80:
used it, despite the terminology being unofficial. Technology such as
2303:
2170:
2087:
1467:
1442:
1135:"Hit men, drugs and malicious teens: the darknet is going mainstream"
1048:
381:
376:
322:
296:
251:
199:
198:, Paul England, Marcus Peinado, and Bryan Willman, four employees of
59:
16:
Private network where connections are made only between trusted peers
1669:
1568:
1462:
1452:
1411:
1406:
933:
615:
610:
572:
493:
180:
163:
151:
43:
24:
50:. Two typical darknet types are social networks (usually used for
2280:
2257:
2228:
1783:
1742:
1720:
1578:
1537:
1517:
1284:"Riffle: An Efficient Communication System with Strong Anonymity"
533:
517:
451:
412:
239:
176:
116:
109:
89:
2369:
2334:
2189:
1685:
1558:
1457:
1332:
1306:
1047:. ACM Workshop on Digital Rights Management. Washington, D.C.:
489:
430:
392:
270:
Darknets in general may be used for various reasons, such as:
234:
used the term to describe a range of underground and emergent
19:
This article is about network technology. For other uses, see
2329:
2095:
1938:
1855:
1850:
1588:
1563:
1532:
1527:
1447:
1220:
Bennett, Krista; Grothoff, Christian; Kügler, Dennis (2003).
560:
527:
306:
135:
networks such as Tor. The reciprocal term for a darknet is a
2339:
2262:
1487:
1139:
1037:
500:
forums over the anonymous networks of I2P, Tor and
Freenet.
1472:
460:
has a browser extension that may backup popular webpages.
443:
400:
396:
85:
23:. For websites that exist on top of this technology, see
1081:
Darknets: Hollywood's War
Against the Digital Generation
395:
is a decentralized friend-to-friend network built using
327:
Purchase or sale of illicit or illegal goods or services
720:
Mansfield-Devine, Steve (1 December 2009). "Darknets".
224:
Darknet: Hollywood's War
Against the Digital Generation
143:
when referring to content indexable by search engines.
357:, which can be accessed via a customized browser from
1256:
897:
Mansfield-Devine, Steve (December 2009). "Darknets".
361:(aka the Tor browser bundle), or alternatively via a
2051:
450:
proxy network that features hidden services called "
1078:
1041:The Darknet and the Future of Content Distribution
2407:
1307:Larry Hardesty, MIT News Office (11 July 2016).
896:
719:
119:, the usage of dark net has expanded to include
1281:
956:"Clearing Up Confusion – Deep Web vs. Dark Web"
510:network that also features a darknet – via its
986:"Going Dark: The Internet Behind The Internet"
749:The Darkest Web: The Dark Side of the Internet
1902:
1372:
1358:
858:"The Darknet: A Digital Copyright Revolution"
687:"The Darknet: A Digital Copyright Revolution"
796:
776:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 2.
419:file hosting darknet platform. It supports
108:The term originally described computers on
1909:
1895:
1365:
1351:
1261:. Springer (Heidelberg). pp. 89, 90.
409:(not for anonymity but research purposes).
1232:. Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg). pp.
1010:
983:
926:"A Discussion About Dark Net Terminology"
365:configured to perform the same function.
69:via an anonymized series of connections.
948:
691:Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
524:, worldwide publishing through channels.
375:
1916:
1013:"Hacker Lexicon: What Is the Dark Web?"
923:
746:
2408:
1764:
1132:
1076:
865:Richmond Journal of Law and Technology
771:
655:
548:
1949:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1890:
1346:
701:from the original on 24 November 2020
433:can be utilized as a darknet if the "
1181:
1085:. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley & Sons.
1011:Greenberg, Andy (19 November 2014).
855:
826:
824:
747:Pradhan, Sayam (2020). "Anonymous".
684:
651:
649:
474:and Discovery features are disabled.
2066:United States Department of Defense
1105:
924:Barratt, Monica (15 January 2015).
849:
805:. Freedom of the Press Foundation.
446:(Invisible Internet Project) is an
13:
2456:Distributed computing architecture
809:from the original on 16 April 2022
797:Press Foundation, Freedom of the.
14:
2482:
2061:United States Department of State
1315:from the original on 12 July 2016
1147:from the original on 13 June 2018
1114:from the original on 20 June 2015
821:
646:
292:(cracking, file corruption, etc.)
146:The term "darknet" is often used
1331:
1019:from the original on 7 June 2015
992:from the original on 27 May 2015
878:from the original on 16 May 2013
1300:
1282:Young Hyun Kwon (20 May 2015).
1275:
1250:
1213:
1194:. 13 April 2015. Archived from
1159:
1133:Taylor, Harriet (19 May 2016).
1126:
1106:Ian, Burrell (28 August 2014).
1099:
1070:
1031:
1004:
977:
917:
213:
2036:Electronic Frontier Foundation
1846:BitTorrent protocol encryption
1309:"How to stay anonymous online"
890:
790:
765:
740:
713:
678:
103:
76:when the infamous drug bazaar
1:
911:10.1016/S1361-3723(09)70150-2
899:Computer Fraud & Security
734:10.1016/S1361-3723(09)70150-2
722:Computer Fraud & Security
658:Darknet: Geopolitics and Uses
639:
154:" because of the quantity of
2031:U.S. Agency for Global Media
834:. 2010-08-12. Archived from
832:"Darknet.se - About darknet"
685:Wood, Jessica (July 2010) .
312:Sale of restricted goods on
206:(DRM) technologies and made
7:
2071:National Science Foundation
751:. India: Pothi. p. 9.
583:
348:
340:, or bypassing restrictive
123:networks (usually used for
10:
2487:
2353:Law Enforcement Operations
591:BlackBook (social network)
566:
170:
18:
2352:
2320:
2289:
2271:
2248:
2206:
2161:
2130:
2104:
2086:
2079:
2023:
1962:
1928:
1816:
1757:
1678:
1652:
1601:
1546:
1420:
1394:
1380:
1374:Peer-to-peer file sharing
984:NPR Staff (25 May 2014).
506:(The onion router) is an
368:
338:content-filtering systems
204:digital rights management
2421:Virtual private networks
2322:Pseudo-top-level domains
2273:Peer-to-peer web hosting
2106:Graphical user interface
1954:Office of Naval Research
1876:Micro Transport Protocol
930:Drugs, Internet, Society
656:Gayard, Laurent (2018).
407:Decentralized network 42
278:rights of citizens from
21:Darknet (disambiguation)
1614:Advanced Direct Connect
632:Virtual private network
299:from political reprisal
265:
1826:Distributed hash table
1701:Game and video sharing
1077:Lasica, J. D. (2005).
856:Wood, Jessica (2010).
772:Martin, James (2014).
385:
274:To better protect the
208:copyright infringement
48:communication protocol
2471:Internet architecture
2365:Operation Dark Huntor
2312:Wireless onion router
1340:at Wikimedia Commons
1049:Microsoft Corporation
662:John Wiley & Sons
540:Web 2.0 hosting with
379:
2451:Network architecture
2441:Internet terminology
1964:The Tor Project, Inc
621:Private peer-to-peer
440:" option is enabled.
248:darknet drug markets
192:Content Distribution
187:or other inquiries.
2291:Computer appliances
549:No longer supported
388:Alphabetical list:
222:, in his 2005 book
194:", a 2002 paper by
2466:Anonymity networks
2380:Operation Pacifier
2145:Tor Browser Bundle
2114:Nyx status monitor
2046:Mozilla Foundation
1866:BitTorrent tracker
936:on 18 January 2016
484:Secure Scuttlebutt
438:(network) topology
386:
334:network censorship
74:Tor Onion services
2403:
2402:
2395:Project Habitance
2390:Operation Lobos 1
2385:Operation Torpedo
2375:Operation Onymous
2360:Operation Bayonet
2348:
2347:
2308:
2241:
2233:
2225:
2208:Instant messaging
2199:
2181:
2175:
2163:Operating systems
2154:
2123:
2056:SRI International
2041:Knight Foundation
2016:
1992:Gabriella Coleman
1884:
1883:
1871:UDP hole punching
1812:
1811:
1597:
1596:
1336:Media related to
1222:Dingledine, Roger
58:connection), and
2478:
2461:1970s neologisms
2436:Internet culture
2306:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2197:
2179:
2173:
2152:
2121:
2084:
2083:
2014:
1987:Roger Dingledine
1911:
1904:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1794:Open music model
1789:Friend-to-friend
1762:
1761:
1726:Sharing software
1392:
1391:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1231:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1057:
1051:. Archived from
1046:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
981:
975:
974:
972:
971:
962:. Archived from
952:
946:
945:
943:
941:
932:. Archived from
921:
915:
914:
894:
888:
887:
885:
883:
877:
862:
853:
847:
846:
844:
843:
828:
819:
818:
816:
814:
794:
788:
787:
769:
763:
762:
744:
738:
737:
717:
711:
710:
708:
706:
682:
676:
675:
653:
596:Crypto-anarchism
496:used to publish
468:friend-to-friend
421:friend-to-friend
244:cryptoanarchists
131:connection) and
121:friend-to-friend
2486:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2426:Darknet markets
2406:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2344:
2316:
2285:
2267:
2244:
2202:
2157:
2126:
2100:
2075:
2019:
2012:Jacob Appelbaum
1958:
1924:
1915:
1885:
1880:
1818:
1808:
1753:
1674:
1648:
1603:
1593:
1542:
1416:
1385:
1376:
1371:
1329:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1167:"Who uses Tor?"
1165:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1058:on 17 July 2012
1055:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1009:
1005:
995:
993:
982:
978:
969:
967:
954:
953:
949:
939:
937:
922:
918:
895:
891:
881:
879:
875:
860:
854:
850:
841:
839:
830:
829:
822:
812:
810:
795:
791:
784:
770:
766:
759:
745:
741:
718:
714:
704:
702:
683:
679:
672:
664:. p. 158.
660:. Hoboken, NJ:
654:
647:
642:
637:
586:
569:
551:
371:
351:
314:darknet markets
268:
216:
173:
156:hidden services
148:interchangeably
106:
94:whistle-blowers
40:overlay network
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2484:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2007:Bruce Schneier
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1926:
1925:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1624:Direct Connect
1621:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1402:Direct Connect
1398:
1396:
1389:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1347:
1327:
1326:
1299:
1274:
1267:
1249:
1242:
1212:
1201:on 4 June 2015
1180:
1158:
1125:
1098:
1091:
1069:
1030:
1003:
976:
947:
916:
889:
848:
820:
789:
782:
764:
757:
739:
712:
677:
670:
644:
643:
641:
638:
636:
635:
629:
624:
618:
613:
608:
606:Darknet market
603:
601:Cryptocurrency
598:
593:
587:
585:
582:
581:
580:
575:
568:
565:
564:
563:
558:
557:(discontinued)
550:
547:
546:
545:
531:
525:
515:
512:onion services
501:
487:
481:
475:
461:
455:
441:
428:
410:
404:
370:
367:
350:
347:
346:
345:
328:
325:
319:Whistleblowing
316:
310:
300:
293:
290:Computer crime
287:
267:
264:
260:transhumanists
228:Jamie Bartlett
215:
212:
172:
169:
105:
102:
63:proxy networks
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2483:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2238:
2237:Tor Messenger
2235:
2230:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:PirateBrowser
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:Wendy Seltzer
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1922:Onion routing
1919:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Super-seeding
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:Peer exchange
1839:
1837:
1836:NAT traversal
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:Anonymous P2P
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1749:Legal aspects
1747:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Music sharing
1709:
1707:
1706:Image sharing
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1691:Broadcatching
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1600:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:Decentralized
1419:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1268:9783642353628
1264:
1260:
1253:
1245:
1243:9783540206101
1239:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1216:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1169:. Tor Project
1168:
1162:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1094:
1092:0-471-68334-5
1088:
1083:
1082:
1073:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1018:
1014:
1007:
991:
987:
980:
966:on 2015-05-16
965:
961:
957:
951:
935:
931:
927:
920:
912:
908:
904:
900:
893:
874:
870:
866:
859:
852:
838:on 2010-08-12
837:
833:
827:
825:
808:
804:
800:
793:
785:
783:9781349485666
779:
775:
768:
760:
758:9798561755668
754:
750:
743:
735:
731:
727:
723:
716:
700:
696:
692:
688:
681:
673:
671:9781786302021
667:
663:
659:
652:
650:
645:
633:
630:
628:
625:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
562:
559:
556:
553:
552:
543:
539:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
519:
516:
513:
509:
505:
502:
499:
495:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
469:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
449:
445:
442:
439:
436:
432:
429:
426:
422:
418:
415:is a popular
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:and software
398:
394:
391:
390:
389:
383:
378:
374:
366:
364:
360:
356:
343:
339:
335:
332:
331:Circumventing
329:
326:
324:
320:
317:
315:
311:
308:
304:
301:
298:
294:
291:
288:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:
271:
263:
261:
258:racists, and
257:
254:communities,
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
168:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
111:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
22:
2416:File sharing
2250:File sharing
2132:Web browsers
2080:Realisations
1982:Ian Goldberg
1819:technologies
1778:
1696:Disk sharing
1503:Perfect Dark
1330:
1317:. Retrieved
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1277:
1258:
1252:
1227:
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1196:the original
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1138:
1128:
1116:. Retrieved
1101:
1080:
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1053:the original
1040:
1033:
1021:. Retrieved
1006:
994:. Retrieved
979:
968:. Retrieved
964:the original
960:BrightPlanet
959:
950:
938:. Retrieved
934:the original
929:
919:
902:
898:
892:
880:. Retrieved
871:(4): 15–17.
868:
864:
851:
840:. Retrieved
836:the original
811:. Retrieved
802:
799:"SecureDrop"
792:
773:
767:
748:
742:
725:
721:
715:
703:. Retrieved
694:
690:
680:
657:
387:
372:
352:
303:File sharing
286:surveillance
269:
256:social media
238:, including
232:The Dark Net
231:
230:in his book
223:
220:J. D. Lasica
217:
214:Sub-cultures
196:Peter Biddle
189:
174:
145:
129:peer-to-peer
125:file sharing
114:
107:
71:
56:peer-to-peer
52:file hosting
35:
31:
29:
2002:Megan Price
1931:source code
1929:Authors of
1831:Merkle tree
1799:Private P2P
1731:Web hosting
1716:Peercasting
1602:Comparisons
1554:Audiogalaxy
1395:Centralized
1151:9 September
905:(12): 4–6.
728:(12): 4–6.
498:distributed
295:Protecting
236:subcultures
218:Journalist
141:surface web
104:Terminology
42:within the
2431:Cyberspace
2410:Categories
2307:(outdated)
2240:(outdated)
2232:(outdated)
2224:(outdated)
2198:(outdated)
2195:xB Machine
2180:(outdated)
2178:Incognito
2174:(outdated)
2153:(outdated)
2150:xB Browser
2122:(outdated)
2088:Proxifiers
1997:Cindy Cohn
1972:Matt Blaze
1944:Free Haven
1653:Hyperlinks
1644:WebTorrent
1619:BitTorrent
1523:WebTorrent
1508:Retroshare
1498:OnionShare
1428:BitTorrent
1062:10 October
970:2015-06-03
882:25 October
842:2019-11-05
813:28 January
640:References
627:Sneakernet
578:Turtle F2F
555:StealthNet
464:RetroShare
323:news leaks
297:dissidents
98:SecureDrop
2304:Tor Phone
2299:Snowflake
2171:Anonym.OS
1721:Seedboxes
1639:Gnutella2
1468:Gnutella2
1443:FastTrack
1387:protocols
697:(4): 14.
508:anonymity
382:cartogram
252:self harm
200:Microsoft
78:Silk Road
60:anonymity
2446:Dark web
2221:Ricochet
2024:Sponsors
2015:(former)
1817:Internal
1758:Concepts
1735:Freesite
1670:Metalink
1634:Gnutella
1574:Morpheus
1569:LimeWire
1547:Historic
1463:Gnutella
1453:Hyphanet
1412:Soulseek
1407:Soribada
1382:Networks
1313:Archived
1145:Archived
1112:Archived
1017:Archived
990:Archived
873:Archived
807:Archived
705:19 March
699:Archived
616:Deep web
611:Dark web
584:See also
573:AllPeers
494:software
452:Eepsites
403:routers.
349:Software
344:policies
342:firewall
280:targeted
240:camgirls
181:Internet
164:deep web
152:dark web
137:clearnet
65:such as
44:Internet
32:dark net
25:dark web
2281:ZeroNet
2258:Tribler
2229:TorChat
2119:Vidalia
1784:Darkweb
1779:Darknet
1766:Privacy
1743:ZeroNet
1629:eDonkey
1606:clients
1579:Napster
1538:ZeroNet
1518:Tribler
1438:eDonkey
1338:Darknet
1319:12 July
1292:12 July
1224:(ed.).
940:14 June
567:Defunct
534:Zeronet
518:Tribler
448:overlay
425:opennet
413:Freenet
359:Vidalia
276:privacy
177:ARPANET
171:Origins
139:or the
133:privacy
127:with a
117:ARPANET
110:ARPANET
90:Freenet
54:with a
36:darknet
2370:J-CODE
2335:.onion
2190:Whonix
1686:Backup
1665:Magnet
1559:CuteMX
1493:OpenFT
1458:GNUnet
1265:
1240:
1236:–175.
1205:1 June
1173:14 May
1118:3 June
1089:
1023:6 June
996:29 May
803:github
780:
755:
668:
544:users.
490:Syndie
478:Riffle
431:GNUnet
427:modes.
393:anoNet
369:Active
150:with "
115:Since
88:, and
38:is an
2330:.exit
2216:Briar
2185:TAILS
2096:Orbot
1939:DARPA
1856:SHA-2
1851:SHA-1
1589:WASTE
1584:Scour
1564:Kazaa
1533:Winny
1528:WinMX
1513:Share
1448:Fopnu
1287:(PDF)
1199:(PDF)
1192:(PDF)
1056:(PDF)
1045:(PDF)
876:(PDF)
861:(PDF)
634:(VPN)
623:(P2P)
561:WASTE
536:is a
528:Urbit
466:is a
363:proxy
307:warez
185:pings
2340:.tor
2263:Vuze
1739:IPFS
1679:Uses
1660:eD2k
1488:LBRY
1478:IPFS
1321:2016
1294:2016
1263:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1207:2015
1175:2017
1153:2017
1140:CNBC
1120:2015
1087:ISBN
1064:2012
1025:2015
998:2015
942:2015
903:2009
884:2011
815:2019
778:ISBN
753:ISBN
726:2009
707:2020
666:ISBN
458:IPFS
423:and
336:and
321:and
284:mass
282:and
266:Uses
1918:Tor
1804:Tor
1604:of
1483:Kad
1473:I2P
1433:DAT
1234:141
907:doi
730:doi
542:Tor
538:DHT
522:web
504:Tor
492:is
472:DHT
444:I2P
435:F2F
417:DHT
401:BGP
397:VPN
355:Tor
160:Tor
158:on
86:I2P
82:Tor
67:Tor
34:or
2412::
1920:—
1741:,
1737:,
1311:.
1143:.
1137:.
1110:.
1015:.
988:.
958:.
928:.
901:.
869:16
867:.
863:.
823:^
801:.
724:.
695:16
693:.
689:.
648:^
454:".
380:A
262:.
250:,
246:,
242:,
100:.
84:,
30:A
1910:e
1903:t
1896:v
1745:)
1733:(
1384:,
1366:e
1359:t
1352:v
1323:.
1296:.
1271:.
1246:.
1209:.
1177:.
1155:.
1122:.
1095:.
1066:.
1027:.
1000:.
973:.
944:.
913:.
909::
886:.
845:.
817:.
786:.
761:.
736:.
732::
709:.
674:.
514:.
305:(
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.