158:. She also studied for a PhD in philosophy at the Sorbonne. She wrote two theses, one refuting the merely utilitarian ends generally associated with Ancient Egyptian art, and the second, arguing about recognising women's equal rights. She was awarded her PhD with high qualifications (Mention très honorable). In 1935 as a girl in Egypt, she entered a beauty pageant, which sparked controversy.
146:, Egypt. She studied in a French mission primary school in Tanta and a Tanta secondary school for girls until 16 years. Then she studied the last 2 years of secondary education called bacaloria in Cairo. At the age of 18 she became the one of first Egyptian girls to earn the degree of bacaloria for secondary school. She was awarded a scholarship by the
264:
On 12 March 1954, Doria Shafik undertook an eight-day hunger strike at the press syndicate, in protest at the creation of a constitutional committee with no women on it. She ended her strike upon receiving a written statement that
President Naguib was committed to a constitution that respected the
212:
In 1948 Shafik created the Bint Al Nil Union to help solve women's primary social problems and to ensure their inclusion in their country's policies. The union also worked to eradicate illiteracy by setting up centres for that purpose throughout the country, set up an employment office and a
37:
273:
As a result of the interest sparked by her hunger strike, Doria Shafik was invited to lecture in Asia, Europe and the United States about
Egyptian women. She travelled to Italy, England, France, the United States, Japan, India, Ceylon and Pakistan.
194:, a French cultural and literary magazine addressing the country's elite. Shafik accepted the position, and with Chevicar's death in 1947, took complete responsibility for the magazine, including its financing. Under her direction
208:
in
English), intended to educate Egyptian women and to help them to have the most effective role possible within their family and their society. The first issue came out in November 1945 and was almost immediately sold out.
369:
Shafik married
Nureldin Ragai in Paris in 1937. He would go on to become a prominent lawyer in Egypt and supported all of her efforts. They were together for 31 years until 1968 when they divorced, and had two daughters,
354:
Following her house arrest Doria Shafik led a solitary life, even when her movement was no longer restricted. She spent her last years reading, and writing. She came to her death after falling from her balcony in 1975.
282:
As a result of Doria Shafik's efforts, women were granted the right to vote under the constitution of 1956, with the proviso, however, that they must be literate, which was not a prerequisite for male voting.
229:
was chosen to defend Shafik in court in regards to this. When the case went to trial, many Bint al-Nil supporters attended the courtroom, and the judge adjourned the hearing indefinitely.
225:). She organized a march of people that interrupted parliament for four hours after they gathered there with a series of demands mainly related to women's socioeconomic rights.
256:, Doria Shafik requested government recognition of Bint Al Nil as a political party, with Doria Shafik herself as its president, which the government accepted to grant.
240:
In 1951, Shafik "started a uniformed paramilitary unit of the
Daughter of Nile". In January 1952, she led a brigade of its members to surround and shut down a branch of
169:
Upon her return from France to Egypt in 1940, Shafik hoped to contribute to the education of her country's youth, but the dean of the
Faculty of Literature of
614:
508:
295:'s dictatorial regime. As a result, she was put under house arrest by Nasser, her name was banned from the press and her magazines from circulation.
922:
835:
817:
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221:
In
February 1951, she managed to secretly bring together 1500 women from Egypt's two leading feminist groupings (Bint Al Nil and the
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in the mid-1940s. As a direct result of her efforts, Egyptian women were granted the right to vote by the
Egyptian constitution.
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that were translated into many languages. Poetry from her final days was translated by Nadeen Shaker and published in
232:
However, in spite of receiving promises from the
President of the Senate, women's rights experienced no improvements.
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883:
869:
541:
307:(Slave of King) about slavery of a woman to a man, several volumes of poetry published by Pierre Fanlac, and her own
640:
555:
161:
While in Paris, Shafik married
Nureldin Raga'i, a law student who was also on scholarship and working on his PhD.
907:
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967:
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127:
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and Aziza. Doria Shafik was living a solitary life and was visited by her daughters and her grandchildren.
952:
253:
987:
579:
Cynthia Nelson (Fall 1986). "The Voices of Doria Shafik: Feminist Consciousness in Egypt, 1940-1960".
453:
446:
901:
390:
to the writer for the 108th anniversary of her birth. The Doodle reached all the countries of the
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291:
In 1957 Shafik undertook a second hunger strike in the Indian embassy, in protest over President
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gained regional status. Also in 1945, Shafik decided to publish an Arabic magazine,
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142:
Doria Shafik was born on 14 December 1908 to Ahmad Chafik and Ratiba Nassif in
493:"Overlooked No More: Doria Shafik, Who Led Egypt's Women's Liberation Movement"
244:, though she was arrested by the police when the demonstration turned "rowdy".
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denied her a teaching position on the pretext that she was "too liberal."
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672:"Women's Movements in the Middle East: Case Studies of Egypt and Turkey"
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448:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Volume 4: Seton-Zia
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regretted not printing her obituary and finally printed one in 2018.
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878:, Gainesville: University Press of Florida (EE.UU.), 1996.
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126:, poet and editor, and one of the principal leaders of the
895:
119:; 14 December 1908 – 20 September 1975) was an
303:
In addition to her magazines, Shafik wrote a novel,
709:. American Univ in Cairo Press. pp. 169–176.
536:. Gainesville, Fla.: University Press of Florida.
445:
641:"Durriya Shafiq: Rebellious Daughter of the Nile"
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797:. Nouvelles Editions Latines. GGKEY:8KTWB8112X2.
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876:Doria Shafik, Egyptian Feminist: A woman Apart
702:
578:
533:Doria Shafik, Egyptian feminist: a woman apart
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706:Doria Shafik Egyptian Feminist: A Woman apart
180:, the first wife of Egypt's then former King
790:
759:
25:
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864:, Madrid: Huerga y Fierro editores, 2010.
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923:20th-century Egyptian women politicians
908:Selections from the Bint al-Nil journal
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327:My fight was enlarged to human freedom
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235:
915:
904:, sister-hood magazine, —9 August 2016
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400:published a belated obituary for her.
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838:from the original on 28 November 2021
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452:. Oxford University Press. pp.
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820:from the original on June 23, 2022.
511:from the original on 15 August 2019
336:So what? Until the end of the road
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26:
13:
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814:The Cairo Review of Global Affairs
684:from the original on 2 August 2017
14:
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928:20th-century Egyptian politicians
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470:
416:Also spelled as Durriyyah Shafīq.
184:, offered Shafik the position of
862:Recuperación de una voz olvidada
736:Women in World History: Schu-Sui
639:Kheir, Mohammed (8 March 2012).
364:
298:
277:
35:
832:"Doria Shafik's 108th Birthday"
824:
808:Shaker, Nadeen (May 16, 2018).
801:
784:
753:
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617:from the original on 4 May 2018
611:digitalcollections.aucegypt.edu
558:from the original on 2023-03-29
324:I have demanded women’s rights
993:Proponents of Islamic feminism
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663:
599:
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430:
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148:Egyptian Ministry of Education
1:
933:20th-century Egyptian writers
442:"Shafiq, Durriya (1908-1975)"
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213:cafeteria for working women.
137:
1003:Suicides by jumping in Egypt
444:. In Bonnie G. Smith (ed.).
7:
760:Mariz Tadros (March 1999).
254:Egyptian Revolution of 1952
128:women's liberation movement
10:
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998:University of Paris alumni
983:Egyptian women journalists
963:Egyptian newspaper editors
958:Egyptian magazine founders
733:; Deborah Klezmer (2002).
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902:"Doria Shafik (1908-1975"
898:official memorial website
860:Asunción Oliva Portoles,
330:And what was the result?
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80:
61:
43:
34:
21:
973:Egyptian revolutionaries
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333:I have no more friends.
739:. Yorkin Publications.
703:Cynthia Nelson (1996).
530:Cynthia Nelson (1996).
223:Egyptian Feminist Union
810:"Daughter of the Nile"
347:
968:Egyptian nationalists
791:Doria Shafik (1952).
607:"Bint al Nil Journal"
382:On 14 December 2016,
339:I will proceed alone.
321:Daughter of the Nile
319:
305:L'Esclave de Sultane
269:Trip around the world
978:Egyptian suffragists
834:. 14 December 2016.
762:"Unity in Diversity"
651:on 21 September 2015
287:Second hunger strike
236:Female military unit
227:Mufidah Abdul Rahman
350:Seclusion and death
260:First hunger strike
217:Storming Parliament
165:Career and activism
152:Sorbonne University
953:Egyptian feminists
593:10.1007/BF02685640
499:. 22 August 2018.
497:The New York Times
397:The New York Times
358:The New York Times
293:Gamal Abdel Nasser
176:In 1945, Princess
988:People from Tanta
794:L'esclave Sultane
746:978-0-7876-4073-6
716:978-977-424-413-1
670:Nadje S. Al Ali.
463:978-0-19-514890-9
265:rights of women.
248:Bint Al Nil Party
196:La Femme Nouvelle
191:La Femme Nouvelle
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65:20 September 1975
16:Egyptian activist
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874:Cynthia Nelson,
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768:. Archived from
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314:The Cairo Review
206:Daughter of Nile
171:Cairo University
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47:14 December 1908
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581:Feminist Issues
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772:on 30 May 2014
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948:1975 suicides
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896:Doria Shafik
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840:. Retrieved
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774:. Retrieved
770:the original
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731:Anne Commire
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688:21 September
686:. Retrieved
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653:. Retrieved
649:the original
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619:. Retrieved
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587:(2): 15–31.
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386:dedicated a
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150:to study at
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109:Doria Shafik
108:
107:
67:(1975-09-20)
23:Doria Shafiq
943:1975 deaths
938:1908 births
842:26 December
515:19 December
394:. In 2018,
201:Bint Al Nil
81:Nationality
917:Categories
562:2021-05-08
424:References
392:Arab World
252:After the
138:Early life
776:31 August
655:31 August
645:Al Akhbar
505:0362-4331
204:(meaning
117:درية شفيق
27:درية شفيق
836:Archived
818:Archived
766:Al Ahram
679:Archived
677:. SOAS.
675:(Report)
615:Archived
556:Archived
552:34514021
509:Archived
440:(2008).
342:—
178:Chevicar
124:feminist
121:Egyptian
97:feminist
84:Egyptian
378:Tribute
309:memoirs
75:, Egypt
882:
868:
743:
713:
550:
540:
503:
460:
388:Doodle
384:Google
372:Jehane
182:Fuad I
113:Arabic
93:author
682:(PDF)
621:4 May
404:Notes
156:Paris
144:Tanta
132:Egypt
73:Cairo
55:Egypt
51:Tanta
880:ISBN
866:ISBN
844:2017
778:2015
741:ISBN
711:ISBN
690:2014
657:2015
623:2018
548:OCLC
538:ISBN
517:2020
501:ISSN
458:ISBN
454:27–8
62:Died
44:Born
589:doi
317::
188:of
154:in
130:in
919::
816:.
812:.
764:.
643:.
631:^
613:.
609:.
583:.
571:^
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507:.
495:.
472:^
456:.
115::
99:,
95:,
53:,
846:.
780:.
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719:.
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591::
585:6
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111:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
