7378:
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734:, ASN) reported that a quarter of the welds inspected in the secondary containment steel liner are not in accordance with norms, and that cracks have been found in the concrete base. EDF stated that progress was being made on these issues, which were raised very early in construction; however, on 21 May, ASN ordered a suspension of concrete pouring on the site. A month later, concreting work resumed after ASN accepted EDF's corrective action plan, which included external oversight checks.
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layer with a liner. ASN highlighted that the EPR design basis assumption that primary and secondary cooling circuit piping would not fail may no longer be appropriate for the simplified EPR2, and requires additional safety demonstrations. Another simplification is that, unlike the first EPR design, the EPR2 design does not allow access to the reactor building for maintenance during reactor operation, which simplifies the design of the reactor building.
30:
360:
1401:
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1415:
22:
511:(STUK), the Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, had found a number of safety-related design and manufacturing 'deficiencies'. In August 2007, a further construction delay of up to a year was reported associated with construction problems in reinforcing the reactor building to withstand an aeroplane crash, and the timely supply of adequate documentation to the Finnish authorities.
465:
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emergency/safety cooling system/train of the reactor is removed which means maintenance can only be performed when the plant is shut down. This train was added at the request of German electricians in the original EPR design to allow for on-power maintenance. The core catcher has been modified. It has a net power output of 1670 MWe.
797:, gave a statement on 9 July 2020 concerning the release of the report on the delay costs of the Flamanville 3. The report of the Court of Audit revealed that the costs could reach €19.1 billion instead of €12.4 billion when taking into account the additional charges due to the delay in construction.
496:. Siemens ceased nuclear activities in 2011. Initial cost estimates were about €3.7 billion, but the project has since seen several severe cost increases and delays, with latest published cost estimates (from 2012) of more than €8 billion. The station was initially scheduled to go online in 2009.
884:
In June 2016, EDF managers told
Members of Parliament that the Hinkley Point C proposal should be postponed, until it has "solved a litany of problems", including EDF's "soaring debts". On 28 July 2016, after the resignation of a board member, the EDF board approved the final investment decision
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reported that Areva had been aware of this problem since 2006. In June 2015, multiple faults in cooling system safety valves were discovered by ASN. In
September 2015, EDF announced that the estimated costs had escalated to €10.5 billion, and the start-up of the reactor was delayed to the fourth
532:
In June 2010, Areva announced €400 million of further provisions, taking the cost overrun to €2.7 billion. The timescale slipped from June 2012 to the end of 2012. In
December 2011, TVO announced a further delay to August 2014. As of July 2012, the station was scheduled to start electricity
499:
In May 2006, construction delays of about one year were announced, following quality control problems across the construction. In part, the delays were due to the lack of oversight of subcontractors inexperienced in nuclear construction. The delays led to disappointing financial results for Areva. It
396:
issued an opinion on the safety of an outlined new EPR model (EPR2) design. It found that general safety was on the whole satisfactory, though identifying areas for further examination. The most notable simplification is a single layer containment building with a liner as opposed to the EPR's double
1355:
In April 2009, Missouri legislators balked at preconstruction rate increases, prompting AmerenUE to suspend plans for its reactor. In July 2010, Constellation Energy Group cut spending on UniStar for the
Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Station because of uncertainties for a loan guarantee from the U.S.
900:
In July 2017, following an internal review, EDF announced revised estimates for the scheme, which included at least £1.5 billion of additional costs and up to 15 months of additional programme, leading to updated total cost estimates of £19.6–20.3 billion. After a number of subsequent cost
545:
October 2022, it was announced cracks of a few centimetres had been found in all four of the feedwater pump impellers. The cause of the cracks was yet to be determined, and it was unclear how the commissioning schedule would be affected. The feedwater pumps are larger than in other nuclear reactors.
379:
stated that the design of a "New Model" EPR, or "EPR2", was being worked on, which would be easier to build, and be ready for orders from about 2020, describing it in 2016 as "a reactor offering the same characteristics as today’s EPR but it will be cheaper to build with optimised construction times
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reported that the French government had sent EDF a "mission letter" in which it asked the company to prepare to build a total of six EPR reactors across three sites in the next 15 years. A government decision on the construction of new reactors was not expected until after 2022. EDF has submitted a
873:
On 8 October 2014, the
European Commission announced their agreement, with 16 out of 28 commissioners agreeing with the go ahead of the construction. On 21 September 2015, the British government announced it would provide a £2 billion support package for Hinkley Point C as Britain's first
865:
On 21 October 2013, EDF Energy announced that an agreement had been reached regarding the nuclear stations to be built on the site of
Hinkley Point C. EDF Group and the UK Government agreed on the key commercial terms of the investment contract. The final investment decision was conditional on
649:
Cold function tests were performed on
Taishan 1 in February 2016, with start up expected in the first half of 2017. Taishan 2 was scheduled to start up later that year. However, commissioning dates were put back six months in February 2017, with commercial operation expected in the second
517:
A further delay was announced in
October 2008, making the total delay three years, giving an expected online date of 2012. The parties entered into arbitration to resolve a dispute over responsibility for the delays and final cost overruns. Areva settled the long-running dispute in 2018 by agreeing
544:
in
December 2021. Grid connection took place in March 2022. In May 2022, foreign material was found in the turbine steam reheater, and the plant was shut down for about three months of repair work. Regular production had been expected to begin in December 2022, after a test production phase. On 28
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and the utility involved "are in bitter dispute over who will bear the cost overruns and there is a real risk now that the utility will default". In August 2009, Areva announced €550 million additional provisions for the build, taking station costs to €5.3 billion, and wiped out interim
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From 19 October 2005 to 18 February 2006, the project was submitted to a national public debate. On 4 May 2006, the decision was made by EDF's Board of
Directors to continue with the construction. Between 15 June and 31 July 2006, the unit underwent a public enquiry, which rendered a "favourable
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Companies involved in supplying equipment to Taishan Unit 1 include Framatome, which manufactured the steam generators and pressurizer in France, and China’s Dongfang Electric Corp. (DEC), which manufactured the Arabelle turbine in the engine room. That turbine was designed and licensed by
800:
In January 2022, it was announced that more time was needed for the repair of faulty welds and the solving of other issues. In December 2022, EDF announced a further delay of at least six months with an estimated cost increase of €500 million due to more work to establish a new process for the
367:
In 2013, EDF acknowledged the difficulties it was having building the EPR design, with its head of production and engineering, Hervé Machenaud, saying EDF had lost its dominant international position in design and construction of nuclear power stations. Machenaud indicated EDF was considering
182:
safety system. By 1995, there was concern over excessive cost per MW, and output was raised to 1800 MWe in the 1997 design, though this was subsequently reduced to 1650 MWe (net) in the final certified design, for a mains frequency of 50 Hz. It has 4 coolant loops with 1 steam
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on 6 December 2007. As the name implies, this will be the third nuclear reactor on the Flamanville site, and the second instance of an EPR being built. Electrical output will be 1630 MWe (net). The project was planned to involve around €3.3 billion of capital expenditure from
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The EPR2 requires 250 types of pipes instead of 400 for the EPR, 571 valves instead of 13,300 valves for the EPR, and 100 types of doors instead of 300 in the EPR. The EPR2 also uses more prefabricated components, and the electrical buildings can be completely prefabricated. The fourth
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In June 2019, nuclear regulator ASN determined that eight welds in steam transfer pipes passing through the two wall containment, that EDF had hoped to repair after startup, must be repaired before the reactor is commissioned. By then, estimated costs were €11 billion.
83:, which started commercial operation in December 2018. Taishan 2 started commercial operation in September 2019. European units have been so far plagued with prolonged construction delays and substantial cost overruns. The first EPR unit to start construction, at
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report concluded that EDF is no longer able to finance EPR2 construction on its own, so financing and profitability issues need to be resolved. The audit office requires that EDF ensure the financing and profitability of EPR2 before constructing any in France.
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generator per loop. There are concrete walls between loops and the hot and cold parts of each loop to protect against failures. Besides the double layer containment there is a concrete wall surrounding the primary system components inside the containment.
897:, then announced that the government would not sign the contract over the next few days as expected, but delay the contract to autumn to "consider carefully all the component parts of this project". Final government approval was given in September 2016.
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reached an agreement with the UAE cabinet that "outlines a cooperation framework for the assessment and possible use of nuclear energy for peaceful ends". This agreement was not a contract for EPR construction by any of the French nuclear companies,
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In August 2010, the regulator, ASN, reported further welding problems on the secondary containment steel liner. The same month, EDF announced that costs had increased 50% to €5 billion, and commissioning was delayed by about two years to 2014.
673:
In April 2020, Framatome signed a long-term service contract with TNPJVC to support operations of the two EPRs. This contract covers nuclear plant outage and maintenance work, including spare parts supply and engineering services for eight years.
536:
In September 2014, Areva announced that operations would start in 2018. In October 2017, the date was pushed back to the spring of 2019. During testing between 2018 and 2021, multiple further delays were announced, of around three years in total.
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A smaller variant of the EPR2 is being developed using three instead of four coolant loops generating 1200 MWe net, the EPR1200, intended for export. In February 2023, regulator ASN issued a positive opinion on the safety features of the EPR1200.
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proposal to build six EPR2s for around €50 billion. In February 2022, French president Emmanuel Macron announced that France would in fact build six new EPR2 reactors, the first to be commissioned by 2035, and with an option for eight more.
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said in January 2018, "for now is neither a priority or a plan. Right now the priority is to develop renewable energy and to reduce the share of nuclear." The industry-government plan for 2019–2022 included work on "a new version of the EPR".
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prompted EDF to state that Flamanville 3 remains on schedule to start operations by the end of 2018, assuming it receives regulatory approval. In June 2017, the French regulator issued a provisional ruling that Flamanville 3 is safe to start.
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In June 2021, higher than expected concentrations of radioactive gases were detected in the primary circuit of unit 1. This was later attributed to faulty fuel cladding. The reactor was taken offline in July 2021 and restarted in August 2022.
1228:
the new regulations permitting nuclear power in Italy. Abrogation of laws is put in effect when at least 50%+1 electors make a valid vote and a majority of these voters are in favour of abrogation. In this referendum, there was a 55% valid
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The discovery of quality deviations in the welding led to a further revision of the schedule in July 2018. Fuel loading was delayed until the end of 2019, and the cost estimate was increased from €10.5 billion to €10.9 billion.
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designing two new lower powered reactors, one with output of 1500 MWe and the other 1000 MWe. Machenaud stated there would be a period of reflection on the best way to improve the EPR design to lower its price and incorporate
503:
In December 2006, TVO announced construction was about 18 months behind schedule so completion was now expected 2010–11, and there were reports that Areva was preparing to take a €500 million charge on its accounts for the delay.
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After losing this order, Areva considered whether it should reintroduce the marketing of a smaller and simpler second-generation reactor design alongside the EPR, for countries that are new to nuclear power. As of 2011 Areva and
1161:. EDF was proposing the 1200 MWe version of the EPR (EPR-1200) for the project. In February 2024 the tender was changed to binding offers for up to four new units and in July 2024 KHNP was selected as the preferred bidder.
383:
In 2016, EDF planned to build two new model EPR reactors in France by 2030 to prepare for renewing its fleet of older reactors. However, following financial difficulties at Areva and its merger with EDF, French Ecology Minister
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In April 2015, Areva informed the French nuclear regulator ASN that anomalies had been detected in the reactor vessel steel, causing "lower than expected mechanical toughness values". Further tests are underway. In July 2015
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for the first time. On June 29, 2018, Taishan 1 was connected to the grid. It entered commercial operation in December 2018. Taishan 2 reached these milestones in May 2019 June 2019 and September 2019, respectively.
177:
The design has gone through a number of iterations. The 1994 conceptual design had a power output of 1450 MWe, the same as the Framatome N4, but using Siemens Konvoi derived instrumentation and also including a new
653:
In December 2017, Hong Kong media reported that a component had cracked during testing, needing to be replaced. In January 2018, commissioning was rescheduled again, with commercial operation expected in 2018 and 2019.
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The Taishan project is led by Taishan Nuclear Power Joint Venture Co. (TNPJVC), a joint venture founded by CGN (51% ownership stake), EDF (30%), and Chinese utility Guangdong Energy Group (19%), also known as Yuedian.
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started officially on 18 November 2009, and the second on 15 April 2010. Construction of each unit was then planned to take 46 months, significantly faster and cheaper than the first two EPRs in Finland and France.
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General Electric. Other equipment suppliers for Unit 1 include Mitsubishi (reactor vessel); Škoda, a Czech company (core internals); and France’s Jeumont Electric, which along with DEC provided primary pumps.
1146:. Areva failed to comply with legal requirements of the tender. In April 2014, ČEZ cancelled the tender, because of low power prices and the government's refusal to support a minimum guaranteed energy price.
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granting planning permission for Hinkley Point C was given, but negotiations with the UK government about electricity pricing, and project financing with private investors, still needed to be concluded.
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1336:(NRC). It had been under review there with expectation to submit an application for final design approval and standard design certification since 14 December 2007. UniStar, Amarillo Power, PPL Corp and
1109:. However, the official bids had to include all contingencies, and Areva failed to enter a final bid meeting these requirements. The project was ultimately abandoned when the only bid, made by Canada's
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In October 2019, EDF announced that because of this issue costs would increase to €12.4 billion and that fuel loading would be delayed until the end of 2022. Pierre Moscovici, president of the
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In April 2016, ASN announced that additional weak spots had been found in the reactor steel, and Areva and EDF responded that new tests would be conducted, though construction work would continue.
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2784:"European Pressurised Reactor at Olkiluoto 3, Finland – Brief & Interim Review of the Porosity and Durability Properties of the in Situ Cast Concrete at the Olkiluoto EPR Construction Site"
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of 6.1 × 10 per station per year and a gross power output of 1770 MWe for a mains frequency of 50 Hz. The version submitted to the U.S. NRC has a power output of 1600 MWe (net).
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Two-layer concrete wall with a total thickness of 2.6 m, designed to withstand impact by aeroplanes and internal overpressure, and a low vacuum in the annulus space between the two layers
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reported that after 18 months of construction, and after a series of quality control problems, the project is "more than 20 percent over budget and EDF is struggling to keep it on schedule".
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In September 2007, TVO reported the construction delay as "at least two years" and costs more than 25% over budget. Cost estimates by analysts for the overrun range up to €1.5 billion.
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In October 2021, EDF made an offer to Poland to build four or six EPR reactors across two to three sites. The combined installed capacity of the reactors would be either 6.6 or 9.9 GWe.
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increases and delays, costs are now estimated to be between £31 and £35 billion (€36.3–41 billion), with the first unit estimated to start generating electricity around 2030.
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The US-EPR, the version of the EPR submitted to the U.S. regulator, is one of the competitors for the next generation of nuclear stations in the United States, along with the
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state visit to the United Kingdom, EDF and CGN signed an investment agreement for the £18 billion (€21.1 billion) project to build two reactors at Hinkley Point.
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in Finland, originally intended to be commissioned in 2009, started commercial operation in 2023, a delay of fourteen years. The second EPR unit to start construction, at
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in the United Kingdom received final approval in September 2016; the first unit was expected to begin operating in 2027, but was subsequently delayed to around 2030.
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have planning approval and have been granted a nuclear site license. If the project goes ahead electricity production is expected to start in 2031 at the earliest.
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On 24 February 2009, Italy and France agreed to study the feasibility of building 4 new nuclear power stations in Italy. Following this, on 3 August 2009, EDF and
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announced it was relinquishing its 12.5% stake in the project, and five future EPRs, so would be reimbursed its project stake of €613 million, plus interest.
420:
said that plans for new EPR2 reactors, to be operational between 2035 and 2037, should be submitted around 2023. The decision was accelerated by the impact of the
6434:"Areva Halts Construction of Virginia Reactor Component Plant – Nuclear Power Industry News – Nuclear Power Industry News – Nuclear Street – Nuclear Power Portal"
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pressurised water reactor in preference to the EPR. In May 2022, after significant delays in the design and licensing phase of the project and in light of the
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The dome of the containment structure was topped out in September 2009. 90% of procurement, 80% of engineering works and 73% of civil works were completed.
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A floor plan of the EPR2 reactor building (right). It has a single-wall prestressed concrete containment structure with a metal liner and fewer angled walls
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The EPR-1200, a 1200 MWe version of the EPR, is one of four potential nuclear reactors Kazakhstan is considering for its second nuclear power plant.
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production no earlier than 2015, a schedule slippage of at least six years. In December 2012 Areva's Chief Executive estimated costs to €8 billion.
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4757:"" Echec opérationnel " et " dérive des coûts " : la gestion de l'EPR, réacteur nucléaire de troisième génération, décriée par la Cour de comptes"
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in 2009. EDF planned to build 4 new EPRs, subject to electricity pricing agreement with the government. Areva has signed a strategic partnership with
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EDF has acknowledged severe difficulties in building the EPR design. In September 2015, EDF stated that the design of a "New Model" EPR (later named
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stated that the plans for a new EPR reactor at Penly had been cancelled, citing the capacity for electricity production and massive investments in
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was issued. According to the statement the two leaders "have agreed on a roadmap of cooperation to speed up discussions on the Jaitapur project".
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In April 2021, EDF submitted to NPCIL an offer to develop six EPR reactors at the Jaitapur site, with a combined installed capacity of 9.6 GWe.
748:
In July 2011, EDF announced that the estimated costs had escalated to €6 billion, and that completion of construction was delayed to 2016.
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In March 2018, an Industrial Way Forward Agreement between EDF and NPCIL was signed, with an objective of producing a tender for six reactors.
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Department of Energy, and subsequently pulled out of the project. In October 2008, Areva announced that it would partner with US defense firm
751:
In December 2012, EDF announced that the estimated costs had escalated to €8.5 billion. Also in December 2012, the Italian power company
577:
In 2006, Areva took part in the first bidding process for the construction of four new nuclear reactors in China, together with Toshiba-owned
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stated the project was six years late, and €7.2 billion over budget, while renewed delays in the construction of the EPR-reactors at
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In 2014, construction was reported to be running over two years late, mainly due to key component delays and project management issues.
1124:. These plans lasted only from June 2010 until an election two months later, when the plan immediately disappeared from further study.
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Subsequently, Areva managed to win a deal in February 2007, worth about €8 billion ($ 10.5 billion) for two EPRs located in
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to establish a $ 380 million facility to construct modules and assemblies for the EPR and US-EPR reactors at Northrop Grumman's
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1672:"Only China wants to invest in Britain's new £2bn Hinkley Point nuclear station because no one else thinks it will work, EDF admits"
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of some welds close to sensitive equipment. Fuel loading started on May 8, 2024. Estimated total costs increased to €13.2 billion.
758:
In November 2014, EDF announced that completion of construction was delayed to 2017, due to delays in component delivery by Areva.
725:
In December 2007, construction of the unit itself began. This was expected to last 54 months, with commissioning planned for 2012.
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of the first reactor was installed in June 2012, and the second in November 2014. The first pressure vessel had been imported from
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started operation after 2022. EDF had estimated that building six EPR2 nuclear reactors would cost at least €46 billion. A
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5984:"Current | Fennovoima signed technical development agreements with Areva and Toshiba | Current | Fennovoima Oy"
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3783:"China: The Construction of the EPR reactor Unit 1 at Taishan Takes a Major Step Forward with the Installation of the Vessel"
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with the UAE. Contracts for reactors were not given, nor was there any guarantee made that US companies would receive them.
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As of May 2009, the station was at least three and a half years behind schedule and more than 50 percent over-budget.
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Hinkley Point C is a nuclear power station under construction with two EPR reactors and an electrical output of 3,200
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In July 2008, the French President announced a second EPR would be built in France due to high oil and gas prices.
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EPR design are increased safety while providing enhanced economic competitiveness through improvements to previous
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established a joint venture, Sviluppo Nucleare Italia, to study the feasibility of building at least four EPRs.
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announced the French government would not decide on the construction of any new reactors until the much delayed
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in France, also suffered a more than decade-long delay in its commissioning (from 2012 to 2024). Two units at
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declined both the American and French bids and awarded a contract for construction of four non-EPR stations (
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was chosen as the site in 2009, with construction planned to start in 2012. However, in 2011, following the
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from Areva in France. The second pressure vessel and associated steam generators had been made in China, by
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1332:. In February 2015, Areva asked to suspend the Design Certification Application Review process at the U.S.
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4025:"Bernard Fontana's statement - EPR: the first Generation III+ nuclear reactor enters commercial operation"
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5259:"Cost of Hinkley Point nuclear plant climbs another £1.5bn to over £20bn, as project faces further delay"
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3 power station in Finland began in August 2005. The station has an electrical power output of 1600
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3 R's of Nuclear Power: Reading, Recycling, and Reprocessing: ...Making a Better Tomorrow for Little Joe
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3250:"Areva's Overruns at Finnish Nuclear Station Approach Initial Cost with operation set to start in 2013"
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2282:"ASN issues its opinion on the safety options for the EPR New model reactor and its EPR 2 upgrade"
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424:. In June 2023, EDF announced it was starting the authorisation process to build two EPR2 reactors at
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6805:
6588:
4683:"Deviations on the Flamanville EPR steam lines: the eight penetration welds will have to be repaired"
2118:
1567:
1420:
1057:
1032:
969:
948:
929:
919:
858:
425:
421:
157:
120:
45:
4902:
3734:
1840:
1183:
were considering the EPR. In December 2013, Fennovoima confirmed it had selected a Russian AES-2006
968:
In June 2023, EDF announced it was starting the authorisation process to build two EPR2 reactors at
7361:
7286:
7186:
7098:
5869:
5441:
3898:"Tests reveal crack in key component of Chinese nuclear power plant, 130 km west of Hong Kong"
1433:
1217:
1170:
455:
6262:
4616:
4118:
2950:
7423:
7316:
7291:
6905:
6682:
2623:
2058:"The European Pressurized Water Reactor: A Safe and Competitive Solution for Future Energy Needs"
1377:
1295:
1096:
915:
794:
692:
624:
409:
7274:
5561:
7687:
7181:
2167:"Interview Jean-Bernard Lévy, CEO EDF: "Our Future Lies in Combination Nuclear and Renewables""
1453:
1204:
981:
589:
reactors, in part because of Areva's refusal to transfer the expertise and knowledge to China.
557:
116:
42:
2849:
2524:
2303:
1866:
802:
7812:
7746:
7735:
7211:
7166:
6556:
1933:
1061:
605:
247:
216:
167:
7915:
7161:
7146:
3902:
1348:
station. UniStar filed a partial application in July 2007 for a proposed third unit at the
1275:
1142:
announced that Areva was eliminated from a tender for the construction of two reactors for
936:, EDF postponed public consultations. In February 2013, the Minister of Industrial Renewal
658:
541:
469:
201:
7730:
5026:
4141:"Framatome signs long-term service contract to support operation at Taishan EPRs in China"
1002:
376:
8:
7296:
7081:
6675:
6543:
6522:
4567:"Faulty valves in new-generation EPR nuclear reactor pose meltdown risk, inspectors warn"
1935:
Structural Alloys for Power Plants: Operational Challenges and High-Temperature Materials
1065:
867:
763:
417:
132:
5313:
5048:
3640:
1612:
500:
blamed delays on the Finnish approach to approving technical documentation and designs.
200:
An extra container and cooling area if a molten core manages to escape the reactor (see
7773:
7201:
7038:
6965:
6776:
5721:
Gosden, Emily (20 October 2017). "Sizewell C nuclear power to come on stream in 2031".
4639:
1176:
894:
601:
493:
190:
Four independent emergency cooling systems, each providing the required cooling of the
162:" reactors. Siemens ceased its nuclear activities in 2011. The EPR was designed to use
7925:
2513:
https://www.asn.fr/content/download/164741/file_1/Saisine%20au%20GPR%20DOS%20EPRNM.pdf
994:(NPCIL) signed a memorandum of understanding with Areva to set up two EPR reactors at
705:
EDF has said its Flamanville 3 project (seen here in 2010) will be delayed until 2024.
401:
6533:
6140:
5726:
5693:"Green light for construction phase as Sizewell C triggers Development Consent Order"
5266:
5083:
2311:
1939:
1872:
937:
640:
636:
186:
The EPR design has several active and passive protection measures against accidents:
6080:
4548:"Areva aware 'as early as 2006' of serious fault in nuclear reactor destined for UK"
2215:"UPDATE 1-Separate unit for EDF nuclear arm has been discussed, says minister Hulot"
1101:
EPR was considered for the two (possible expansion to four) reactor addition to the
944:
along with his confidence in the EPR as a competitive project in foreign countries.
7940:
7752:
7699:
7656:
6490:
5179:"Government delays Hinkley nuclear decision despite EDF approval for £18bn project"
2088:"Performance comparison of PWR/EPR and steam generator with and without economizer"
2087:
1389:
design, with construction of the first three-unit plant expected to start in 2026.
1357:
941:
128:
7650:
4879:
4876:"News – Taking GDA work forward in the light of the unprecedented events in Japan"
1990:
1958:
7930:
7279:
7239:
6693:
5568:
5362:"AREVA pleased with the announcement of the construction of France's second EPR™"
5208:
4853:
4275:
3223:"S&P downgrades French nuclear-uranium giant AREVA on weakened profitability"
2679:
1977:
1248:
1106:
854:
774:
582:
140:
7935:
6771:
6478:"Poland picks U.S. offer for its first nuclear power plant, prime minister says"
6057:
845:. Interim Design Acceptance Confirmations were postponed until lessons from the
7950:
7920:
7234:
7229:
7224:
6974:
6881:
6850:
6832:
4411:
3761:
2980:
2107:
https://www.debatpublic.fr/sites/default/files/2022-10/PenlyEPR-DMO-EDF-RTE.pdf
1149:
In June 2021, the Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade invited EDF, along with
850:
7682:
7566:
7254:
3199:
566:
8015:
7807:
6710:
6144:
5730:
5270:
5087:
5076:"Work to begin on Hinkley Point reactor within weeks after China deal signed"
4462:"Enel Drops Participation in Flamanville EPR as Project Costs Soar by $ 2.6B"
2315:
1406:
1230:
1121:
1117:
1006:
998:
in Maharashtra. This was followed by a framework agreement in December 2010.
405:
385:
171:
4294:
7609:
6985:
5418:
3758:"China Builds Nuclear Reactor for 40% Less Than Cost in France, Areva Says"
2260:"French regulator to EDF: don't assume new reactor model is accident-proof"
1264:
701:
205:
179:
7392:
5495:"France asks EDF to prepare to build 6 EPR reactors in 15 years -Le Monde"
4408:"French Nuclear Watchdog Says EDF Has Problems With Flamanville EPR Liner"
1139:
472:
in December 2021 and started regular electricity production in April 2023.
7876:
7843:
7043:
6633:
1643:"Hinkley Point C could be delayed to 2031 and cost up to £35bn, says EDF"
1157:(KHNP) to participate in a pre-qualification round for a new unit at the
955:
are among the candidates for the installation of a pair of EPR reactors.
4900:
4728:
Visualisez en graphiques les multiples dérapages de l’EPR de Flamanville
3123:"U.K. Expert Says U.S. Is Not LOSING International Nuclear Power 'Race'"
1175:
In 2010, the Finnish parliament decided to allow two new reactors. Both
600:
in southern China, in spite of sticking to its previous conditions. The
102:) was being worked on and that it would be easier and cheaper to build.
7961:
Groupement des scientifiques pour l'information sur l'énergie nucléaire
7945:
6749:
5003:
3098:"France's Areva to pay $ 554 million to settle Finnish reactor dispute"
1253:
1180:
1049:
886:
878:
489:
191:
148:
7782:
4350:"Defects found in nuclear reactor the French want to build in Britain"
2362:"French auditor calls for financing guarantee for future EPR projects"
866:
completion of the remaining key steps, including the agreement of the
29:
7865:
7725:
6754:
6744:
3545:"The Olkiluoto 3 EPR plant unit's electricity production has started"
2482:"EDF a un plan pour construire (au moins) six nouveaux EPR en France"
2407:"France sees new nuclear reactors going online by 2035-37 - minister"
1005:'s state visit to India a joint statement with Indian Prime Minister
597:
144:
49:
7677:
7249:
6164:
5531:"France to build up to 14 new nuclear reactors by 2050, says Macron"
5110:"No legally binding contract in £18bn Hinkley Point nuclear project"
2002:
1920:
1472:
722:
opinion" on the project. That summer, site preparation works began.
359:
123:
designs scaled up to an electrical power output of around 1650
7704:
7672:
7123:
7118:
7058:
6727:
6655:
6638:
6623:
6598:
5961:
5781:"CANDU at Darlington: Securing Jobs and Energy for the new Economy"
5708:"First nuclear site licence in over a decade granted to Sizewell C"
5517:"France expects new nuclear reactors to begin operation in 2035-37"
5153:"Hinkley Point C in doubt after British government delays approval"
4585:"Flamanville EPR: optimised project management and a new timetable"
4317:"Public inquiry commission favours plan to build Flamanville-3 EPR"
3907:
3501:"OL3 EPR regular production of electricity starts in February 2022"
2500:"Excell : Le plan d'excellence de la filière porte ses fruits"
1783:"The EPR Reactor: Evolution to Gen III+ based on proven technology"
1585:"Hinkley Point C nuclear power station gets government green light"
1448:
1365:
1337:
1279:
960:
831:
709:
First concrete was poured for the demonstration EPR reactor at the
326:
136:
6216:"French Atmea Would Make Reactor 'Credible' Export, GDF Suez Says"
5862:"UPDATE 4-CEZ scraps tender to expand Temelin nuclear power plant"
4086:"Evolution of Nuclear Power Continues with Operation of First EPR"
1352:
in Maryland. However, both proposals were subsequently cancelled.
548:
Olkiluoto 3 started regular electricity production in April 2023.
7792:
7264:
7244:
6643:
6618:
3001:
Areva-Siemens sees Olkiluoto 3 reactor operational in summer 2011
1400:
1291:
1192:
1053:
1044:
Two further EPR units have been proposed for construction at the
163:
61:
174:
of electricity generated than these older reactor technologies.
21:
7053:
7048:
7028:
7008:
6993:
6876:
6613:
6593:
6561:
2593:
2189:"EDF plans two new nuclear reactors in France by 2030-document"
1547:"Regular electricity production has started at Olkiluoto 3 EPR"
1386:
1325:
1225:
891:
Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
842:
586:
492:
through their common subsidiary Areva NP, for Finnish operator
342:
5232:"Hinkley nuclear plant already £1.5bn over budget, EDF admits"
4051:"Second Chinese EPR achieves criticality - World Nuclear News"
3387:"Finland's 10-Year Wait for a Nuclear Reactor Just Got Longer"
3339:"Costs of Finland's Olkiluoto nuclear reactor go up yet again"
2977:"Nuclear Bid to Rival Coal Chilled by Flaws, Delay in Finland"
127:(net) with thermal power of 4500 MW. The reactor can use
7871:
7838:
7090:
6946:
6739:
6603:
6330:"Constellation Energy cuts spending on Areva reactor venture"
5314:"Hinkley Point C nuclear plant to open later at greater cost"
3786:
3693:"Signing of Areva EPR order in China delayed – French source"
2455:"EDF begins permitting process for two new reactors at Penly"
1329:
1307:
522:
485:
53:
4635:"EDF confirms Flamanville timetable after Taishan EPR delay"
2842:"Areva to take 500 mln eur charge for Finnish reactor delay"
2616:"EPR IN FINLAND: FOUNDATION STONE-LAYING DAY AT OLKILUOTO 3"
2159:
7693:
6951:
6840:
6650:
6608:
6078:
5914:"CEZ applies for a zoning decision for a new Dukovany unit"
4802:"EDF delays Flamanville start-up to end 2023 on weld issue"
4488:"Enel and Edf Terminate their cooperation on EPR in France"
3071:"Finland nuclear reactor costs headed to arbitration – TVO"
2430:"Macron says France will build new nuclear energy reactors"
2384:"EDF sees progress in plan to reinvigorate French industry"
1613:"Hinkley Point C delayed by a year as cost goes up by £3bn"
1210:
1184:
1110:
752:
7765:(Bollène, Lapalud, Pierrelatte, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux)
6305:"A Late Scramble to Fund 'Nuclear Renaissance' Kick-Start"
4743:"EDF warns of added costs of Flamanville EPR weld repairs"
4347:
3832:"How serious are the delays in China's nuclear programme?"
3523:"Ongoing turbine works further delay Olkiluoto 3 start-up"
3309:
1696:
1694:
1692:
947:
Plans to build new reactors in France were later revived.
585:. However Areva lost this bid in favour of Westinghouse's
468:
Olkiluoto 3 under construction in 2009. It achieved first
7758:
Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory (Andra)
6924:
6788:
5469:"La Normandie prête à accueillir un nouveau réacteur EPR"
4448:"Le coût de l'EPR de Flamanville encore revu à la hausse"
3633:"Foreign energy giants bid for China's nuclear contracts"
3004:
2003:"Status report 78 - The Evolutionary Power Reactor (EPR)"
1734:
Step 3 Fuel Design Assessment of the EDF and Areva UK EPR
1582:
1473:"Status report 78 - The Evolutionary Power Reactor (EPR)"
827:
481:
124:
16:
Third-generation pressurised water nuclear reactor design
6322:
6133:"Despite Torture Video, U.S. and Emirates Sign Key Pact"
5745:"Nuclear at heart of proposed Moorside clean energy hub"
5027:"What price nuclear power? The final hurdle for Hinkley"
5004:"New nuclear power plant at Hinkley Point C is approved"
4223:"Chinese EPR resumes power supply after extended outage"
3755:
2119:"EDF eyes development of new, smaller reactors - papers"
5471:[Normandy ready to welcome a new EPR reactor].
1689:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
518:
to pay €450 million for cost overruns and delays.
6010:"Finland's Fennovoima signs reactor deal with Rosatom"
5892:"ČEZ begins 'security assessment' of Dukovany bidders"
5626:"EDF and GE sign strategic deal for six EPRs in India"
4655:"French regulator says Flamanville 3 is safe to start"
4401:
4399:
3663:"Areva lands world's biggest ever nuclear power order"
3291:"Finland's Olkiluoto 3 reactor delayed to August 2014"
2754:"Areva's first half results hit by Olkiluoto 3 delays"
2543:"French regulator supports safety options for EPR1200"
1665:
1663:
1368:. The project was suspended indefinitely in May 2011.
464:
6036:"Fennovoima cancels Hanhikivi 1 contract with Russia"
3756:
Patel, Tara; François de Beaupuy (24 November 2010).
3723:"China, People's Republic of: Nuclear Power Reactors"
1931:
484:(net). The construction was a joint effort of French
64:
in Germany. In Europe this reactor design was called
48:
design. It has been designed and developed mainly by
6520:
6263:"Design Certification Application Review – U.S. EPR"
5388:"France says Penly reactor on course despite delays"
5074:
Farrell, Sean; Macalister, Terry (21 October 2015).
4926:"EdF still undecided about Hinkley Point C go-ahead"
4197:"CGN takes Taishan 1 offline following fuel failure"
3974:"Taishan 1, world's first EPR connected to the grid"
3613:. Nuclear Engineering International. 1 November 2022
2342:. Nuclear Engineering International. 14 January 2020
2304:"L'EPR 2, la garantie d'une électricité bas carbone"
1739:(Report). HSE Nuclear Directorate. 2009. AR 09/041-P
1532:
1396:
857:
to support the build of EPRs. On 19 March 2013, the
728:
In April 2008, the French nuclear safety authority (
5670:"EDF Energy expects 20% cost saving for Sizewell C"
5170:
4948:
4605:. Nuclear Engineering International. 12 April 2016.
4558:
4539:
4396:
4368:"French nuke body partly halts work on new reactor"
2728:"Concrete composition delays Finland's Olkiluoto 3"
1925:
1660:
1636:
1634:
1578:
1576:
837:The EPR underwent Generic Design Assessment by the
808:
526:operating profits for the first half-year of 2009.
5986:. Fennovoima.com. 20 December 2010. Archived from
5844:"CEZ excludes Areva from Temelin expansion tender"
5144:
5101:
4984:. Nuclear Engineering International. 11 March 2011
4324:
4285:
4283:
2340:"France to decide on new nuclear build after 2022"
2306:[The EPR 2 for a low-carbon electricity].
1707:. Areva. 6 October 2010. p. 4. Archived from
1120:, replacing or supplanting that province's single
1116:EPR was briefly considered for an installation in
392:In July 2019, the French nuclear safety authority
6167:"S. Koreans win $ 20B UAE nuclear power contract"
5936:"KHNP selected to supply new Czech nuclear units"
5549:"Macron commits to at least six new EPRs by 2050"
5487:
5204:"EDF warns Hinkley Point could cost extra £1.5bn"
5073:
4533:"Flamanville EPR vessel anomalies under scrutiny"
4428:. Nuclear Engineering International. 20 July 2011
3930:"Taishan schedule factors in commissioning tests"
3479:"System tests further delay Finnish EPR start-up"
2925:"Nuclear industry's flagship plant delayed again"
2102:
2100:
1583:Rowena Mason; Simon Goodley (15 September 2016).
904:
8013:
6235:
6233:
5916:. Nuclear Engineering International. 3 June 2021
5107:
4793:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4708:"Weld repairs to delay Flamanville EPR start-up"
4669:"EDF revises schedule, costs of Flamanville EPR"
4512:
4238:
4236:
3282:
3018:"3-year delay expected at Finnish nuclear plant"
2702:"Regulator reports as OL3 delays reach one year"
2421:
2398:
2251:
2237:"French nuclear industry sets medium-term plans"
2207:
2181:
2111:
1916:
1914:
1774:
1631:
1573:
1385:In October 2022, Poland selected Westinghouse's
143:. The EPR is the evolutionary descendant of the
6354:
6187:
6079:Selina Williams; Liam Moloney (4 August 2009).
5562:India, France ink pact for Areva reactors, fuel
4617:"Downfall of Toshiba, a nuclear industry titan"
4515:"EDF in fresh delay for flagship nuclear plant"
4280:
3715:
3537:
3196:"AREVA – Olkiluoto 3 : EPR dome installed"
3146:
3042:
2562:
2560:
2449:
2447:
2334:
2332:
2257:
1991:https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0522/ML052280170.pdf
1959:https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0522/ML052280176.pdf
1669:
1233:and 94% voted to abrogate the new regulations.
25:Computer generated view of an EPR power station
6409:"AREVA inches closer to U.S. EPR construction"
6165:Andrew England; Peggy Hollinger; Song Jung-a.
5574:
5150:
4954:
4901:This website was built by the EDF Energy WCM.
4846:"New Nuclear Power Stations – Progress so far"
4348:Geoffrey Lean; Jonathan Owen (13 April 2008).
3589:"Cracks found in all four OL3 feedwater pumps"
3413:"Start-up of Finnish EPR put back four months"
3220:
3149:"Finnish reactor provisions hit Areva profits"
2097:
1832:
1607:
1605:
1512:
1510:
1487:
1485:
507:At the end of June 2007, it was reported that
7408:
7177:Small sealed transportable autonomous (SSTAR)
6506:
6296:
6230:
5751:
5662:
5640:
5618:
5596:
5018:
4996:
4735:
4714:
4700:
4595:
4525:
4233:
4111:"Framatome- Large projects - Taishan 1 and 2"
4027:. Framatome. 14 December 2018. Archived from
3999:"China's Taishan 1 reactor connected to grid"
3922:
3868:
3268:"Start-up of Finnish EPR pushed back to 2013"
1911:
1780:
416:In January 2022, junior environment minister
6348:
6190:"Areva considers producing cheaper reactors"
6181:
6081:"Enel, EDF to Build Nuclear Plants in Italy"
5176:
4923:
4609:
4564:
4545:
4506:
4418:
3846:
3823:
3801:
3603:
3581:
3457:"Olkiluoto faces further delay to July 2020"
3260:
2557:
2535:
2444:
2404:
2376:
2354:
2329:
2274:
2229:
1800:
1757:
1751:
681:
7422:
6406:
5759:"Kazakhstan continues discussions with EDF"
5444:[Montebourg buries the Penly EPR].
5416:[No EPR at the Penly power plant].
5024:
4957:"EDF prepared to let UK nuclear talks fail"
4244:"Further delay to Flamanville EPR start up"
3952:"First criticality achieved at Chinese EPR"
3890:
3876:"China revises commissioning dates of EPRs"
2085:
1971:EPR Level 1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment
1885:
1640:
1602:
1507:
1482:
1342:Combined Construction and Operating License
222:
170:, using approximately 17% less uranium per
79:The first operational EPR unit was China's
7415:
7401:
7357:
6513:
6499:
6302:
6213:
5604:"Way forward agreed for Jaitapur reactors"
5292:"Hinkley Point C cost rises by nearly 15%"
4405:
3829:
3611:"Investigation of damage continues at OL3"
3247:
2872:"Nuclear industry revival hits roadblocks"
2191:. Reuters. 21 January 2016. Archived from
2145:"EPR: showcasing French nuclear expertise"
1344:application in 2008 for the US-EPR at its
551:
3809:"Construction milestone at Taishan 2 EPR"
3361:"Olkiluoto 3 startup pushed back to 2018"
3198:. YouTube. 10 August 2008. Archived from
3045:"Areva in talks with TVO over EPR delays"
2974:
2948:
2922:
2672:"Olkiluoto 3 "Chronology of the Project""
2427:
1758:Garner, G.L.; Mardon, J.P. (9 May 2011).
1243:Nuclear power in the United Arab Emirates
1191:, Fennovoima cancelled the contract with
1085:
1001:In January 2016, during French president
686:
650:half of 2017 and the first half of 2018.
615:The construction of the first reactor at
375:In September 2015, EDF's chief executive
197:Leak-tight containment around the reactor
7089:
5705:
5690:
5648:"EDF submits offer for Jaitapur project"
4440:
3854:"First Taishan EPR completes cold tests"
3252:. Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from
3068:
2568:"Europe's first EPR reaches criticality"
2525:"The EPR 2 for a low-carbon electricity"
1932:A. Shirzadi; S. Jackson (30 July 2014).
1864:
1726:
849:had been taken into account. EDF bought
700:
565:
463:
449:
358:
28:
20:
6130:
5841:
5294:. World Nuclear News. 25 September 2019
5256:
5049:"UK guarantees £2bn China nuclear deal"
4799:
4490:. Enel. 4 December 2012. Archived from
3567:"Test operation of Finnish EPR resumes"
3095:
2820:"Finland nuclear reactor delayed again"
2647:"Daily: Olkiluoto 3 may cost over €8bn"
2479:
2169:. the energycollective. 18 October 2016
2137:
1493:"First EPR enters commercial operation"
1236:
1138:In October 2012, Czech utility company
8014:
7906:1999 Blayais Nuclear Power Plant flood
7104:Liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR)
6456:"France makes nuclear offer to Poland"
6334:McClatchy-Tribune Information Services
6104:
5720:
4745:. World Nuclear News. 10 October 2019.
4426:"EDF delays Flamanville 3 EPR project"
4246:. World Nuclear News. 19 December 2022
3878:. World Nuclear News. 22 February 2017
3481:. World Nuclear News. 19 December 2019
3437:. World Nuclear News. 29 November 2018
3435:"New delay in start-up of Finnish EPR"
3297:from the original on 24 September 2015
3117:
3115:
2951:"Areva delay threatens China contract"
2570:. World Nuclear News. 21 December 2021
1891:
1760:"Alloy M5 cladding performance update"
1520:. World Nuclear News. 9 September 2019
1518:"World's second EPR starts operations"
1495:. World Nuclear News. 14 December 2018
657:In June 2018, Taishan 1 achieved
282:Coolant temperature at core outlet, °C
7396:
7109:Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE)
6494:
6458:. World Nuclear News. 14 October 2021
6382:"Dedicated nuclear component factory"
5761:. World Nuclear News. 27 January 2023
5672:. World Nuclear News. 18 January 2018
5584:. World Nuclear News. 25 January 2016
5466:
4513:Michael Stothard (18 November 2014).
4171:"Fuel failure confirmed at Taishan 1"
4083:
3856:. World Nuclear News. 1 February 2016
3811:. World Nuclear News. 5 November 2014
3591:. World Nuclear News. 28 October 2022
3248:De Beaupuy, François (24 June 2010).
3069:Suoninen, Sakari (31 December 2008).
2898:"Dates revised again for Olkiluoto 3"
2545:. World Nuclear News. 2 February 2023
2386:. World Nuclear News. 16 October 2020
2239:. World Nuclear News. 28 January 2019
1670:Geert De Clercq (23 September 2015).
1429:Economics of new nuclear power plants
1103:Darlington Nuclear Generating Station
819:Hinkley Point C nuclear power station
444:
274:Coolant temperature at core inlet, °C
68:, and the internationalised name was
6016:from the original on 12 January 2014
5582:"Jaitapur agreement due by year-end"
4982:"Areva signs up Rolls-Royce for EPR"
4821:"EDF: Update on the Flamanville EPR"
4390:"EdF allowed to continue concreting"
3932:. World Nuclear News. 2 January 2018
3525:. World Nuclear News. 23 August 2021
3393:from the original on 10 October 2017
3288:
2428:Kar-Gupta, Sudip (9 November 2021).
1813:. Areva NP. May 2005. Archived from
1288:Hyundai Engineering and Construction
1282:) to a South Korean group including
266:Pressure in the primary circuit, bar
139:fuel, clad in Areva's M5 variant of
7114:Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR)
6355:Peggy Hollinger (19 October 2010).
6188:Peggy Hollinger (15 January 2010).
6058:"Italy and France pen nuclear deal"
5650:. World Nuclear News. 23 April 2021
5606:. World Nuclear News. 12 March 2018
5467:Beuve, Jean-Pierre (6 March 2019).
5442:"Montebourg enterre l'EPR de Penly"
4818:
4800:Boselli, Muriel (12 January 2022).
4710:. World Nuclear News. 20 June 2019.
4671:. World Nuclear News. 25 July 2018.
4657:. World Nuclear News. 28 June 2017.
4535:. World Nuclear News. 7 April 2015.
4392:. World Nuclear News. 20 June 2008.
4291:"EDF Official Site – Flamanville 3"
3834:. Nuclear Engineering International
3639:. 12 September 2004. Archived from
3569:. World Nuclear News. 9 August 2022
3112:
3043:Peggy Hollinger (16 October 2008).
2949:Hollinger, Peggy (11 August 2007).
2760:. 27 September 2007. Archived from
2678:. 27 September 2007. Archived from
1762:. Nuclear Engineering International
1134:Nuclear power in the Czech Republic
1025:Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
877:On 21 October 2015, during Chinese
874:nuclear power station in 20 years.
815:Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
110:
13:
8003:List of nuclear reactors in France
6923:
6243:. World Nuclear News. 6 March 2015
6107:"UAE endorses France nuclear deal"
5938:. World Nuclear News. 17 July 2024
5894:. World Nuclear News. 22 June 2021
5842:Sidlova, Tereza (5 October 2012).
5691:Osbourne, Nick (15 January 2024).
5628:. World Nuclear News. 27 June 2018
5414:"Pas d'EPR à la centrale de Penly"
3731:International Atomic Energy Agency
3673:from the original on 13 April 2013
3459:. World Nuclear News. 18 July 2019
3415:. World Nuclear News. 14 June 2018
3319:. World Nuclear News. 17 July 2012
3289:Ando, Ritsuko (21 December 2011).
3147:Peggy Hollinger (31 August 2009).
2644:
2480:Barbaux, Aurélie (12 April 2019).
2364:. World Nuclear News. 15 July 2020
1938:. Elsevier Science. pp. 94–.
1841:"Siemens to quit nuclear industry"
1838:
1350:Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant
1320:Nuclear power in the United States
1068:and battery storage technologies.
992:Nuclear Power Corporation of India
934:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
847:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
333:Average uranium enrichment, %
258:Pressure in the turbine inlet, bar
33:Reactor pressure vessel of the EPR
14:
8038:
5394:from the original on 20 June 2013
5342:. World Nuclear News. 3 July 2008
5135:Hinkley Point should be postponed
5108:Terry Macalister (9 March 2016).
4265:Nuclear Engineering International
4053:. World Nuclear News. 29 May 2019
3954:. World Nuclear News. 7 June 2018
3317:"Olkiluoto 3 delayed beyond 2014"
3270:. World Nuclear News. 8 June 2010
3174:"Olkiluoto 3: EPR dome installed"
3096:Forsell, Tuomas (11 March 2018).
2848:. 5 December 2006. Archived from
2826:. 4 December 2006. Archived from
2758:Nuclear Engineering International
2732:Nuclear Engineering International
2706:Nuclear Engineering International
2622:. 18 October 2006. Archived from
2125:from the original on 20 June 2013
2032:"Advanced Nuclear Power Reactors"
1921:https://aris.iaea.org/PDF/EPR.pdf
1899:(Report). University of Greenwich
1781:Andrew Teller (2 February 2010).
1127:
1018:
610:China General Nuclear Power Group
435:
149:Siemens Power Generation Division
7987:Nuclear power stations in France
7377:
7376:
7367:
7366:
7356:
7347:
7346:
7197:Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR)
6470:
6448:
6426:
6400:
6374:
6280:
6255:
6207:
6158:
6124:
6098:
6072:
6050:
6038:. World Nuclear News. 3 May 2022
6028:
6002:
5976:
5950:
5928:
5906:
5884:
5854:
5835:
5817:"New Brunswick deals with Areva"
5809:
5773:
5737:
5714:
5699:
5684:
5555:
5541:
5523:
5509:
5460:
5434:
5406:
5380:
5354:
5332:
5306:
5284:
5257:Ambrose, Jillian (3 July 2017).
5250:
5224:
5196:
5127:
5067:
5041:
4974:
4955:Andrew Trotman (18 April 2013).
4917:
4894:
4868:
4838:
4812:
4767:
4749:
4675:
4661:
4647:
4627:
4577:
4480:
4454:
4382:
4360:
4341:
4323:. 5 October 2006. Archived from
4309:
4258:
4215:
4189:
4163:
4133:
4103:
4077:
4065:
4043:
4017:
3991:
3966:
3944:
3341:. Nuclear-news. 14 December 2012
2258:Geert De Clercq (18 July 2019).
1413:
1399:
1313:
1284:Korea Electric Power Corporation
1247:In March 2008, French president
1189:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1113:, came in at well over $ 10/Wp.
1029:Sizewell C nuclear power station
809:Hinkley Point C (United Kingdom)
400:In 2020, French Energy Minister
7901:Anti-nuclear movement in France
6407:Sonal Patel (1 December 2008).
5868:. 10 April 2014. Archived from
5340:"Second new reactor for France"
5151:Graham Ruddick (28 July 2016).
4775:"Update on the Flamanville EPR"
3830:Steve Kidd (23 February 2015).
3775:
3749:
3685:
3655:
3625:
3559:
3515:
3493:
3471:
3449:
3427:
3405:
3379:
3353:
3331:
3241:
3221:Dorothy Kosich (29 June 2010).
3214:
3188:
3166:
3140:
3089:
3062:
3036:
3010:
2994:
2968:
2942:
2916:
2890:
2864:
2834:
2812:
2776:
2746:
2720:
2694:
2664:
2638:
2608:
2582:
2517:
2506:
2492:
2473:
2405:GV De Clercq (6 January 2022).
2296:
2079:
2050:
2024:
1995:
1984:
1963:
1952:
1892:Thomas, Steve (November 2010).
1858:
1641:Alex Lawson (23 January 2024).
1439:Other Generation III+ designs:
1155:Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power
1064:, renewable energy generation,
803:stress relieving heat treatment
711:Flamanville Nuclear Power Plant
697:Flamanville Nuclear Power Plant
306:Number of fuel rods in assembly
298:Outer diameter of fuel rods, mm
7879:(formerly COGEMA and Areva NC)
7187:Energy Multiplier Module (EM2)
6336:. TradingMarkets. 29 July 2010
6288:AmerenUE pulls plug on project
6214:Tara Patel (19 January 2011).
5725:. No. 72367. p. 42.
4924:Declan Lynch (18 April 2013).
3699:. 30 July 2007. Archived from
2975:Alan Katz (5 September 2007).
2590:"OLKILUOTO 3 PROJECT by AREVA"
1568:Flamanville 3 concrete poured.
1561:
1465:
1306:offer a smaller 1100 MWe
1159:Dukovany Nuclear Power Station
1037:The two proposed EPR units at
986:Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project
924:Gravelines Nuclear Power Plant
905:Possible future power stations
841:, along with the Westinghouse
354:
1:
6436:. Nuclear Street. 11 May 2011
6267:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
6131:Landler, Mark (21 May 2009).
6105:Bowman, Joel (8 March 2010).
6012:. Reuters. 21 December 2013.
5958:"TVO Plant type alternatives"
5706:Osbourne, Nick (7 May 2024).
5177:Emily Gosden (28 July 2016).
5025:Dave Harvey (19 March 2013).
4406:Tara Patel (30 August 2010).
4269:Flamanville 3 concrete poured
3389:. Bloomberg. 9 October 2017.
2793:. 8 June 2006. Archived from
1459:
1334:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1071:
839:Office for Nuclear Regulation
460:Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant
215:The EPR has a design maximum
137:mixed uranium plutonium oxide
7992:Nuclear technology in France
6987:Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz
4878:. Hse.gov.uk. Archived from
4732:Le Monde, update 13 Jan 2022
4565:Henry Samuel (9 June 2015).
4546:Henry Samuel (9 July 2015).
4450:. Le Monde. 3 December 2012.
3022:International Herald Tribune
2923:Anastvatz (11 August 2007).
1871:. AuthorHouse. p. 126.
1060:that would also incorporate
731:Autorité de sûreté nucléaire
166:more efficiently than older
66:European Pressurised Reactor
7:
7532:(Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux)
7334:Aircraft Reactor Experiment
6357:"Energy: Cooling ambitions"
6303:Peter Behr (30 July 2010).
5390:. Reuters. 4 October 2011.
4850:Health and Safety Executive
1392:
1304:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
1078:Nuclear power in Kazakhstan
958:In October 2019, newspaper
779:Taishan Nuclear Power Plant
629:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
571:Taishan Nuclear Power Plant
562:Taishan Nuclear Power Plant
540:Olkiluoto 3 achieved first
115:The main objectives of the
56:between 2001 and 2017) and
10:
8043:
8027:Pressurized water reactors
7172:Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR)
5821:www.world-nuclear-news.org
5497:. Reuters. 14 October 2019
5422:(in French). 25 April 2013
5236:Global Construction Review
4003:www.world-nuclear-news.org
2217:. Reuters. 22 January 2018
2121:. Reuters. 21 March 2013.
1375:
1340:announced plans to file a
1317:
1263:In May 2009, US President
1240:
1222:Fukushima nuclear disaster
1202:
1195:to build the power plant.
1168:
1164:
1131:
1094:
1075:
1022:
979:
913:
812:
690:
555:
453:
72:, but is now simply named
70:Evolutionary Power Reactor
8000:
7974:
7886:
7821:
7772:
7718:
7639:
7602:
7595:
7539:
7437:
7430:
7342:
7309:
7297:Stable Salt Reactor (SSR)
7210:
7192:Reduced-moderation (RMWR)
7157:
7140:
7080:
7007:
6999:Advanced gas-cooled (AGR)
6973:
6964:
6916:
6896:
6849:
6831:
6787:
6692:
6674:
6542:
6529:
5567:27 September 2011 at the
5448:(in French). 3 March 2013
4763:(in French). 9 July 2020.
4603:"EPRs to face more tests"
4084:POWER (1 November 2019).
3225:. Mineweb. Archived from
3176:. AREVA NC. 6 August 2009
3073:. Reuters. Archived from
1421:Nuclear technology portal
1371:
1090:
1033:Moorside clean energy hub
970:Penly Nuclear Power Plant
920:Penly Nuclear Power Plant
909:
895:government of Theresa May
885:for the project. However
859:Development Consent Order
682:Plants under construction
426:Penly Nuclear Power Plant
422:2021 global energy crisis
314:Number of fuel assemblies
129:5% enriched uranium oxide
121:pressurised water reactor
105:
46:pressurised water reactor
7911:Death of Sébastien Briat
7362:List of nuclear reactors
7202:Dual fluid reactor (DFR)
6818:Steam-generating (SGHWR)
6241:"US EPR plans suspended"
5960:. Tvo.fi. Archived from
4293:. Edf.fr. Archived from
2529:Revue Générale Nucléaire
2308:Revue Générale Nucléaire
1702:"New Build Field Report"
1434:Nuclear power by country
1198:
1171:Nuclear power in Finland
975:
456:Nuclear power in Finland
223:Technical specifications
60:(EDF) in France, and by
7982:Nuclear power in France
7896:Accidents and incidents
7749:(Marcoule, Pierrelatte)
7640:Research, experimental,
7424:Nuclear power in France
7352:Nuclear fusion reactors
7317:Organic nuclear reactor
6523:nuclear fission reactor
6085:The Wall Street Journal
6060:. BBC. 24 February 2009
5446:normandie.canalblog.com
4825:GlobeNewswire News Room
2645:HT (21 November 2013).
1378:Nuclear power in Poland
1296:Doosan Heavy Industries
1097:Nuclear power in Canada
916:Nuclear power in France
693:Nuclear power in France
625:reactor pressure vessel
552:Taishan 1 and 2 (China)
194:(i.e., 300% redundancy)
7763:Tricastin Nuclear Site
7741:Institut Laue–Langevin
7731:CEA Fontenay-aux-Roses
6291:Columbia Daily Tribune
4370:. Reuters. 27 May 2008
3733:(IAEA). Archived from
2012:. МАГАТЭ. 4 April 2011
1865:Forsythe, Jan (2009).
1808:"EPR – Areva brochure"
1274:In December 2009, the
1205:Nuclear power in Italy
1086:Unsuccessful proposals
1056:, as part of a future
990:In February 2009, the
982:Nuclear power in India
879:president Xi Jinping's
773:In February 2017, the
706:
687:Flamanville 3 (France)
574:
558:Nuclear power in China
473:
364:
168:Generation II reactors
34:
26:
8022:EPR (nuclear reactor)
7860:Électricité de France
7583:Saint-Laurent (A1/A2)
6173:. CNN. Archived from
3503:. TVO. 28 August 2020
1362:Newport News Shipyard
1144:Temelín nuclear plant
704:
569:
467:
450:Olkiluoto 3 (Finland)
372:safety improvements.
362:
290:Active core height, m
217:core damage frequency
58:Électricité de France
32:
24:
7696:(under construction)
7690:(under construction)
7632:(under construction)
7603:Power plant reactors
7182:Traveling-wave (TWR)
6666:Supercritical (SCWR)
5006:. BBC. 20 March 2013
4903:"Nuclear Generation"
4494:on 24 September 2015
4329:on 29 September 2007
4274:13 June 2011 at the
3903:Hong Kong Free Press
3669:. 26 November 2007.
3547:. TVO. 12 March 2022
3256:on 7 September 2010.
3202:on 11 September 2010
2800:on 27 September 2007
2791:Large and Associates
2764:on 27 September 2007
2682:on 27 September 2007
2651:www.helsinkitimes.fi
2620:de.framatome-anp.com
1549:. TVO. 16 April 2023
1310:Generation III PWR.
1276:United Arab Emirates
1237:United Arab Emirates
1224:, Italians voted to
476:Construction of the
202:containment building
7966:Sortir du nucléaire
7868:(formerly Areva NP)
6552:Aqueous homogeneous
6177:on 14 January 2010.
5797:on 25 February 2021
5537:. 10 February 2022.
5183:The Daily Telegraph
5133:Terry Macalister, "
5055:. 21 September 2015
4961:The Daily Telegraph
4882:on 28 December 2011
4643:. 22 February 2017.
4623:. 14 February 2017.
4591:. 3 September 2015.
4571:The Daily Telegraph
4552:The Daily Telegraph
3703:on 15 December 2008
3007:, 31 December 2007.
2596:on 10 February 2007
2310:(in French). 2020.
2284:. ASN. 29 July 2019
1976:21 May 2011 at the
1820:on 29 November 2007
1066:hydrogen production
868:European Commission
764:The Daily Telegraph
133:reprocessed uranium
7975:Related categories
7719:Research locations
7642:prototype reactors
7615:CP0, CP1, CP2, CPY
7567:Creys-Malville SPX
7372:Nuclear technology
6484:. 29 October 2022.
6386:World Nuclear News
6309:The New York Times
6137:The New York Times
5872:on 10 January 2016
4930:New Civil Engineer
4819:EDF (8 May 2024).
4640:The Times of India
4227:World Nuclear News
4201:World Nuclear News
4175:World Nuclear News
3910:. 12 December 2017
3667:World Nuclear News
3367:. 1 September 2014
3365:World Nuclear News
2902:World Nuclear News
2626:on 18 October 2006
2459:World Nuclear News
2195:on 8 February 2018
707:
602:General Contractor
598:Guangdong Province
575:
509:Säteilyturvakeskus
474:
445:Operational plants
365:
239:Thermal output, MW
135:fuel or 100%
35:
27:
8009:
8008:
7714:
7713:
7591:
7590:
7557:Chinon (A1/A2/A3)
7390:
7389:
7382:Nuclear accidents
7305:
7304:
7136:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7076:
7075:
6960:
6959:
6892:
6891:
6388:. 24 October 2008
5368:. 30 January 2009
5320:. 27 January 2021
4781:. 12 January 2022
4468:. 6 December 2012
4229:. 17 August 2022.
4151:on 14 August 2020
4145:www.framatome.com
4115:www.framatome.com
3229:on 4 October 2011
3024:. 17 October 2008
2086:Rafał LASKOWSKI.
2036:world-nuclear.org
1981:. Author: UK EPR.
1945:978-0-85709-755-2
1894:The EPR in Crisis
1878:978-1-4389-6731-8
1839:Borrud, Gabriel.
1269:similar agreement
1220:, soon after the
1003:François Hollande
938:Arnaud Montebourg
767:quarter of 2018.
641:Shanghai Electric
637:Dongfang Electric
573:- Units 1 & 2
377:Jean-Bernard Lévy
352:
351:
325:Uranium dioxide,
8034:
7941:Dominique Voynet
7887:Public discourse
7668:EL-4 (Brennilis)
7657:CEA Paris-Saclay
7600:
7599:
7435:
7434:
7417:
7410:
7403:
7394:
7393:
7380:
7379:
7370:
7369:
7360:
7359:
7350:
7349:
7292:Helium gas (GFR)
7155:
7154:
7150:
7087:
7086:
6971:
6970:
6921:
6920:
6914:
6913:
6909:
6908:
6690:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6515:
6508:
6501:
6492:
6491:
6486:
6485:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6463:
6452:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6404:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6378:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6300:
6294:
6293:, 23 April 2009.
6284:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6237:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6211:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6200:
6185:
6179:
6178:
6162:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6151:
6128:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6111:Arabian Business
6102:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6091:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6021:
6006:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5990:on 20 March 2012
5980:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5964:on 22 April 2012
5954:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5932:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5910:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5858:
5852:
5851:
5839:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5813:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5796:
5790:. Archived from
5785:
5777:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5755:
5749:
5748:
5741:
5735:
5734:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5688:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5666:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5578:
5572:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5366:www.sa.areva.com
5358:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5200:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5148:
5142:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4932:. Archived from
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4852:. Archived from
4842:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4733:
4725:Pierre Breteau,
4723:
4712:
4711:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4403:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4328:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4287:
4278:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4147:. Archived from
4137:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4117:. Archived from
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3014:
3008:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2904:. 10 August 2007
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2830:on 8 March 2007.
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2799:
2788:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2676:ol3.areva-np.com
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2592:. Archived from
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2521:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2486:L'Usine Nouvelle
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2115:
2109:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2062:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2007:
1999:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1967:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1713:
1706:
1698:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1543:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1489:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1469:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1358:Northrop Grumman
1216:However, in the
1062:modular reactors
1058:clean energy hub
942:renewable energy
826:
633:steam generators
227:
226:
161:
117:third generation
111:First EPR design
8042:
8041:
8037:
8036:
8035:
8033:
8032:
8031:
8012:
8011:
8010:
8005:
7996:
7970:
7931:Mycle Schneider
7926:Stéphane Lhomme
7916:André Larivière
7888:
7882:
7846:(formerly DCNS)
7817:
7768:
7710:
7643:
7641:
7635:
7587:
7535:
7426:
7421:
7391:
7386:
7338:
7301:
7206:
7151:
7144:
7143:
7128:
7072:
7003:
6978:
6956:
6928:
6910:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6888:
6854:
6845:
6827:
6792:
6783:
6697:
6680:
6679:
6678:
6670:
6584:Natural fission
6538:
6537:
6525:
6519:
6489:
6476:
6475:
6471:
6461:
6459:
6454:
6453:
6449:
6439:
6437:
6432:
6431:
6427:
6417:
6415:
6405:
6401:
6391:
6389:
6380:
6379:
6375:
6365:
6363:
6361:Financial Times
6353:
6349:
6339:
6337:
6328:
6327:
6323:
6313:
6311:
6301:
6297:
6285:
6281:
6271:
6269:
6261:
6260:
6256:
6246:
6244:
6239:
6238:
6231:
6221:
6219:
6212:
6208:
6198:
6196:
6194:Financial Times
6186:
6182:
6171:Financial Times
6163:
6159:
6149:
6147:
6129:
6125:
6115:
6113:
6103:
6099:
6089:
6087:
6077:
6073:
6063:
6061:
6056:
6055:
6051:
6041:
6039:
6034:
6033:
6029:
6019:
6017:
6008:
6007:
6003:
5993:
5991:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5967:
5965:
5956:
5955:
5951:
5941:
5939:
5934:
5933:
5929:
5919:
5917:
5912:
5911:
5907:
5897:
5895:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5875:
5873:
5860:
5859:
5855:
5840:
5836:
5826:
5824:
5815:
5814:
5810:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5783:
5779:
5778:
5774:
5764:
5762:
5757:
5756:
5752:
5747:. 30 June 2020.
5743:
5742:
5738:
5719:
5715:
5704:
5700:
5689:
5685:
5675:
5673:
5668:
5667:
5663:
5653:
5651:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5631:
5629:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5609:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5597:
5587:
5585:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5569:Wayback Machine
5560:
5556:
5547:
5546:
5542:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5500:
5498:
5493:
5492:
5488:
5478:
5476:
5465:
5461:
5451:
5449:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5425:
5423:
5412:
5411:
5407:
5397:
5395:
5386:
5385:
5381:
5371:
5369:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5345:
5343:
5338:
5337:
5333:
5323:
5321:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5297:
5295:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5275:
5273:
5255:
5251:
5241:
5239:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5215:
5213:
5209:Financial Times
5202:
5201:
5197:
5187:
5185:
5175:
5171:
5161:
5159:
5149:
5145:
5141:, 18 June 2016.
5132:
5128:
5118:
5116:
5106:
5102:
5092:
5090:
5072:
5068:
5058:
5056:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5032:
5030:
5023:
5019:
5009:
5007:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4987:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4953:
4949:
4939:
4937:
4936:on 7 April 2014
4922:
4918:
4908:
4906:
4905:. Edfenergy.com
4899:
4895:
4885:
4883:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4859:
4857:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4829:
4827:
4817:
4813:
4798:
4794:
4784:
4782:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4724:
4715:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4691:
4689:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4621:Financial Times
4615:
4614:
4610:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4563:
4559:
4544:
4540:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4519:Financial Times
4511:
4507:
4497:
4495:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4404:
4397:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4373:
4371:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4354:The Independent
4346:
4342:
4332:
4330:
4321:Nucleonics Week
4315:
4314:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4297:on 30 June 2009
4289:
4288:
4281:
4276:Wayback Machine
4263:
4259:
4249:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4234:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4204:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4180:
4178:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4124:
4122:
4121:on 8 March 2021
4109:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4092:
4082:
4078:
4070:
4066:
4056:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4034:
4032:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4008:
4006:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3982:
3980:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3957:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3935:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3881:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3859:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3737:on 20 June 2010
3721:
3720:
3716:
3706:
3704:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3643:on 13 June 2021
3631:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3572:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3550:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3484:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3370:
3368:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3322:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3157:
3155:
3153:Financial Times
3145:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3078:
3077:on 8 April 2018
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3049:Financial Times
3041:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3011:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2955:Financial Times
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2531:. 3 March 2024.
2523:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2507:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1985:
1978:Wayback Machine
1968:
1964:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1676:The Independent
1668:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1639:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1581:
1574:
1570:NEI, 6 Dec 2007
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1478:. 4 April 2011.
1475:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1380:
1374:
1322:
1316:
1249:Nicolas Sarkozy
1245:
1239:
1218:2011 referendum
1207:
1201:
1173:
1167:
1136:
1130:
1107:Ontario, Canada
1099:
1093:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1035:
1021:
988:
978:
926:
912:
907:
824:
821:
811:
775:Financial Times
699:
689:
684:
583:Atomstroyexport
564:
554:
462:
452:
447:
438:
402:Élisabeth Borne
357:
345:, MW · day / kg
234:
225:
155:
141:zirconium alloy
113:
108:
43:Generation III+
17:
12:
11:
5:
8040:
8030:
8029:
8024:
8007:
8006:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7978:
7976:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7951:Solange Fernex
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7921:Corinne Lepage
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7892:
7890:
7889:and opposition
7884:
7883:
7881:
7880:
7874:
7869:
7863:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7825:
7823:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7779:
7777:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7766:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7744:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7722:
7720:
7716:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7708:
7702:
7697:
7691:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7653:
7647:
7645:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7633:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7606:
7604:
7597:
7593:
7592:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7543:
7541:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7533:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7441:
7439:
7432:
7428:
7427:
7420:
7419:
7412:
7405:
7397:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7374:
7364:
7354:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7336:
7331:
7330:
7329:
7324:
7313:
7311:
7307:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7216:
7214:
7208:
7207:
7205:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7167:Integral (IFR)
7164:
7158:
7152:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7095:
7093:
7084:
7078:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7068:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7031:
7026:
7025:
7024:
7013:
7011:
7005:
7004:
7002:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6982:
6980:
6976:
6968:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6933:
6931:
6926:
6918:
6911:
6897:
6894:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6858:
6856:
6852:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6837:
6835:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6808:
6797:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6737:
6732:
6731:
6730:
6725:
6722:
6719:
6716:
6702:
6700:
6695:
6687:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6668:
6663:
6662:
6661:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6586:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6554:
6548:
6546:
6540:
6539:
6531:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6518:
6517:
6510:
6503:
6495:
6488:
6487:
6469:
6447:
6425:
6399:
6373:
6347:
6321:
6295:
6279:
6254:
6229:
6206:
6180:
6157:
6123:
6097:
6071:
6049:
6027:
6001:
5975:
5949:
5927:
5905:
5883:
5853:
5834:
5808:
5772:
5750:
5736:
5713:
5698:
5683:
5661:
5639:
5617:
5595:
5573:
5554:
5540:
5522:
5508:
5486:
5459:
5433:
5405:
5379:
5353:
5331:
5305:
5283:
5249:
5223:
5195:
5169:
5143:
5126:
5100:
5066:
5040:
5017:
4995:
4973:
4947:
4916:
4893:
4867:
4856:on 1 June 2009
4837:
4811:
4792:
4766:
4748:
4734:
4713:
4699:
4674:
4660:
4646:
4626:
4608:
4594:
4576:
4557:
4538:
4524:
4505:
4479:
4453:
4439:
4417:
4395:
4381:
4359:
4340:
4308:
4279:
4257:
4232:
4214:
4203:. 30 July 2021
4188:
4177:. 16 June 2021
4162:
4132:
4102:
4090:POWER Magazine
4076:
4064:
4042:
4031:on 4 June 2021
4016:
4005:. 29 June 2018
3990:
3965:
3943:
3921:
3889:
3867:
3845:
3822:
3800:
3774:
3748:
3714:
3684:
3654:
3637:People's Daily
3624:
3602:
3580:
3558:
3536:
3514:
3492:
3470:
3448:
3426:
3404:
3378:
3352:
3330:
3308:
3281:
3259:
3240:
3213:
3187:
3165:
3139:
3111:
3088:
3061:
3035:
3009:
2993:
2967:
2941:
2915:
2889:
2863:
2852:on 3 June 2011
2833:
2811:
2775:
2745:
2719:
2708:. 19 July 2006
2693:
2663:
2637:
2607:
2581:
2556:
2534:
2516:
2505:
2491:
2472:
2461:. 30 June 2023
2443:
2420:
2397:
2375:
2353:
2328:
2295:
2273:
2250:
2228:
2206:
2180:
2158:
2136:
2110:
2096:
2078:
2067:. МАГАТЭ. 2004
2049:
2023:
1994:
1983:
1962:
1951:
1944:
1924:
1910:
1884:
1877:
1857:
1845:Deutsche Welle
1831:
1799:
1773:
1750:
1725:
1714:on 21 May 2011
1688:
1659:
1630:
1601:
1572:
1560:
1531:
1506:
1481:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1410:
1394:
1391:
1373:
1370:
1315:
1312:
1238:
1235:
1200:
1197:
1166:
1163:
1129:
1128:Czech Republic
1126:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1073:
1070:
1020:
1019:United Kingdom
1017:
977:
974:
911:
908:
906:
903:
851:British Energy
810:
807:
795:Court of Audit
739:Stephen Thomas
688:
685:
683:
680:
631:in Japan, and
553:
550:
451:
448:
446:
443:
437:
436:EPR1200 design
434:
418:Bérangère Abba
410:Court of Audit
370:post-Fukushima
356:
353:
350:
349:
346:
338:
337:
334:
330:
329:
323:
319:
318:
315:
311:
310:
307:
303:
302:
299:
295:
294:
291:
287:
286:
283:
279:
278:
275:
271:
270:
267:
263:
262:
259:
255:
254:
251:
244:
243:
240:
236:
235:
231:
224:
221:
213:
212:
209:
198:
195:
112:
109:
107:
104:
81:Taishan 1
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8039:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8004:
7999:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7979:
7977:
7973:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7946:Yves Marignac
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7893:
7891:
7885:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7867:
7864:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7826:
7824:
7822:Organisations
7820:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7803:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7771:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7726:CEA Cadarache
7724:
7723:
7721:
7717:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7695:
7692:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7658:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7638:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7601:
7598:
7596:Reactor types
7594:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:(Superphénix)
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7542:
7538:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7525:Saint-Laurent
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7436:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7418:
7413:
7411:
7406:
7404:
7399:
7398:
7395:
7383:
7375:
7373:
7365:
7363:
7355:
7353:
7345:
7344:
7341:
7335:
7332:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7318:
7315:
7314:
7312:
7308:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7212:Generation IV
7209:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7162:Breeder (FBR)
7160:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7148:
7139:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7092:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7079:
7067:
7064:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7041:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7012:
7010:
7006:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6988:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6979:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6930:
6922:
6919:
6915:
6912:
6907:
6900:
6895:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6863:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6848:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6834:
6830:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6786:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6729:
6726:
6723:
6720:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6707:
6704:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6691:
6688:
6684:
6677:
6673:
6667:
6664:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6541:
6536:
6535:
6528:
6524:
6516:
6511:
6509:
6504:
6502:
6497:
6496:
6493:
6483:
6479:
6473:
6457:
6451:
6435:
6429:
6414:
6410:
6403:
6387:
6383:
6377:
6362:
6358:
6351:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6310:
6306:
6299:
6292:
6289:
6286:Terry Ganey.
6283:
6268:
6264:
6258:
6242:
6236:
6234:
6217:
6210:
6195:
6191:
6184:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6161:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6127:
6112:
6108:
6101:
6086:
6082:
6075:
6059:
6053:
6037:
6031:
6015:
6011:
6005:
5989:
5985:
5979:
5963:
5959:
5953:
5937:
5931:
5915:
5909:
5893:
5887:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5857:
5849:
5845:
5838:
5823:. 9 July 2010
5822:
5818:
5812:
5793:
5789:
5788:February 2012
5782:
5776:
5760:
5754:
5746:
5740:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5717:
5709:
5702:
5694:
5687:
5671:
5665:
5649:
5643:
5627:
5621:
5605:
5599:
5583:
5577:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5558:
5550:
5544:
5536:
5532:
5526:
5518:
5512:
5496:
5490:
5474:
5470:
5463:
5447:
5443:
5437:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5409:
5393:
5389:
5383:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5341:
5335:
5319:
5315:
5309:
5293:
5287:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5263:The Telegraph
5260:
5253:
5238:. 3 July 2017
5237:
5233:
5227:
5212:. 3 July 2017
5211:
5210:
5205:
5199:
5184:
5180:
5173:
5158:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5136:
5130:
5115:
5111:
5104:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5070:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5028:
5021:
5005:
4999:
4983:
4977:
4962:
4958:
4951:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4920:
4904:
4897:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4826:
4822:
4815:
4807:
4803:
4796:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4744:
4738:
4731:
4729:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4709:
4703:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4670:
4664:
4656:
4650:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4630:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4604:
4598:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4572:
4568:
4561:
4553:
4549:
4542:
4534:
4528:
4520:
4516:
4509:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4449:
4443:
4427:
4421:
4413:
4409:
4402:
4400:
4391:
4385:
4369:
4363:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4284:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4261:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4068:
4052:
4046:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4004:
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3789:. 5 June 2012
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3727:PRIS database
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2878:. 1 July 2007
2877:
2876:New Scientist
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2053:
2037:
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2011:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1979:
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1972:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1937:
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1928:
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1619:. 20 May 2022
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381:
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7736:CEA Grenoble
7655:EL-2, EL-3 (
7644:and concepts
7629:
7431:Power plants
7220:Sodium (SFR)
7147:fast-neutron
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2734:. 9 May 2006
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1997:
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1969:
1965:
1954:
1934:
1927:
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1887:
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1815:the original
1802:
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1753:
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1728:
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1709:the original
1681:24 September
1679:. Retrieved
1675:
1650:. Retrieved
1647:The Guardian
1646:
1621:. Retrieved
1616:
1594:15 September
1592:. Retrieved
1589:The Guardian
1588:
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1524:10 September
1522:. Retrieved
1497:. Retrieved
1467:
1438:
1384:
1381:
1354:
1323:
1300:
1273:
1265:Barack Obama
1262:
1246:
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1208:
1174:
1151:Westinghouse
1148:
1137:
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1100:
1081:
1043:
1036:
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1011:
1000:
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664:
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581:and Russian
579:Westinghouse
576:
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439:
430:
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380:and costs".
374:
366:
250:, net %
214:
206:core catcher
185:
180:core catcher
176:
114:
99:
97:
78:
73:
69:
65:
38:
36:
18:
7877:Orano Cycle
7844:Naval Group
7683:Superphénix
7520:Saint-Alban
7490:Flamanville
7255:Superphénix
7082:Molten-salt
7034:VHTR (HTGR)
6811:HW BLWR 250
6777:R4 Marviken
6706:Pressurized
6676:Heavy water
6660:many others
6589:Pressurized
6544:Light water
6218:. Bloomberg
6064:24 February
5848:Aktuálně.cz
5801:14 November
5475:(in French)
4761:Le Monde.fr
4250:20 December
4074:, PRIS IAEA
4035:16 December
3914:29 December
3882:25 February
3573:6 September
3485:19 December
3371:1 September
3345:6 September
3301:21 December
3293:. Reuters.
3206:29 November
3158:1 September
2574:21 December
2346:19 February
1652:10 February
1499:16 December
893:in the new
855:Rolls-Royce
834:, England.
659:criticality
542:criticality
488:and German
470:criticality
355:EPR2 design
156: [
89:Flamanville
8016:Categories
7774:Fuel cycle
7753:CEA Saclay
7743:(Grenoble)
7651:EL-1 (Zoé)
7573:Fessenheim
7500:Gravelines
7445:Belleville
7039:PBR (PBMR)
6462:19 October
6418:31 January
6392:31 January
6366:29 October
6199:19 January
6020:12 January
5765:27 January
5501:19 October
5324:10 January
5298:10 October
4785:12 January
4779:EDF France
4692:14 October
4589:EDF France
3978:EDF Energy
3767:2 December
3677:4 February
3617:8 November
3595:31 October
3441:3 December
3397:10 October
3180:1 November
3127:Salem-News
3054:17 October
3028:17 October
2846:Forbes.com
2656:4 December
2549:3 February
2436:10 January
2413:10 January
2390:16 October
2243:30 January
2221:7 February
2199:7 February
2173:7 November
1903:6 December
1850:11 October
1460:References
1376:See also:
1318:See also:
1260:or Areva.
1254:Total S.A.
1241:See also:
1203:See also:
1181:Fennovoima
1169:See also:
1132:See also:
1095:See also:
1076:See also:
1072:Kazakhstan
1050:Sellafield
1048:site near
1039:Sizewell C
1023:See also:
980:See also:
953:Gravelines
914:See also:
889:, the new
887:Greg Clark
813:See also:
691:See also:
556:See also:
490:Siemens AG
454:See also:
248:Efficiency
192:decay heat
7866:Framatome
7788:Tricastin
7776:locations
7707:(concept)
7547:Brennilis
7530:Tricastin
7485:Dampierre
7091:Fluorides
6755:IPHWR-700
6750:IPHWR-540
6745:IPHWR-220
6534:Moderator
6521:Types of
6150:12 August
6145:0362-4331
6116:12 August
5876:12 August
5827:23 August
5731:0140-0460
5723:The Times
5676:14 August
5479:12 August
5398:5 October
5372:12 August
5271:0307-1235
5093:11 August
5088:0261-3077
5059:11 August
4498:14 August
4472:14 August
4412:Bloomberg
4356:. London.
4072:Taishan 2
3936:3 January
3762:Bloomberg
3529:24 August
3507:28 August
3132:12 August
3100:. Reuters
3081:5 January
2981:Bloomberg
2960:12 August
2934:12 August
2908:11 August
2882:12 August
2856:12 August
2804:11 August
2768:11 August
2738:12 August
2712:12 August
2686:11 August
2630:11 August
2432:. Reuters
2409:. Reuters
2316:0335-5004
2262:. Reuters
1824:2 January
1267:signed a
478:Olkiluoto
145:Framatome
85:Olkiluoto
52:(part of
50:Framatome
7808:La Hague
7705:Flexblue
7673:Rapsodie
7578:Marcoule
7460:Cattenom
7124:TMSR-LF1
7119:TMSR-500
7099:Fuji MSR
7059:THTR-300
6899:Graphite
6762:PHWR KWU
6728:ACR-1000
6656:IPWR-900
6639:ACPR1000
6634:HPR-1000
6624:CPR-1000
6599:APR-1400
6440:19 April
6247:21 April
6090:9 August
6014:Archived
5994:19 April
5968:19 April
5942:5 August
5654:24 April
5565:Archived
5535:Guardian
5473:Le Point
5392:Archived
5318:BBC News
5119:10 March
5053:BBC News
5033:19 March
4988:19 April
4966:21 April
4940:21 April
4909:19 April
4886:19 April
4301:19 April
4272:Archived
4155:15 April
4125:15 April
4095:15 April
3908:FactWire
3860:13 April
3815:13 April
3707:1 August
3671:Archived
3647:19 April
3391:Archived
3295:Archived
3104:16 April
2129:18 April
2123:Archived
2065:iaea.org
2010:iaea.org
1974:Archived
1617:BBC News
1553:16 April
1449:VVER-TOI
1393:See also
1366:Virginia
1346:Callaway
1338:AmerenUE
1328:and the
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1046:Moorside
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7240:BN-1200
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6683:coolant
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6314:30 July
6222:21 June
5920:23 July
5898:23 July
5866:Reuters
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2151:17 July
1792:19 July
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1766:16 June
1743:16 June
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4888:2012
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3862:2016
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3208:2009
3182:2009
3160:2009
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2770:2019
2740:2019
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2658:2018
2632:2019
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