979:
916:
53:
904:
1744:
717:
960:
928:
944:
489:
628:
700:, in which the Byzantines were trying to annex his kingdom. In response to these raids, and to repair the damage done by two destructive earthquakes in 522, Justinian initiated a wide-ranging programme of reconstruction and re-fortification: Hadrianopolis was rebuilt, albeit in reduced extent, and renamed Justinianopolis, while
692:), the entirety of the Balkan provinces was raided by barbarians every year. However, this is considered rhetorical hyperbole by modern scholars, as only a single Slavic raid to the environs of Dyrrhachium, in 548â9, has been documented. Procopius further reports that in 551, the Ostrogothic king
817:
Epirus also had significant populations of
Italian settlers with large estates, attracted by the potential for pastoral agriculture. It is possible that these settlers had significant impact on the demographics and commerce of the province.
1115:"At Bouthrotos, it is enough to compare the theatre, built of grey poros, with all the Roman structures surrounding it: the skene and the neighbouring buildings, the new sanctuary of Asklepios and the areas next to it
658:, and plundered Zakynthos, killing many of its inhabitants and capturing many others and taking them into slavery. Epirus Nova became a battleground during the power struggles of the
1774:
1799:
1789:
459:. During this period, the size of the town was doubled. A number of new structures were built next to the existing ones, especially around the theatre and the temple of
794:, established in the 9th century, covered what was once Epirus Nova, and Byzantine rule in Epirus in the early Middle Ages would continue through these new provinces.
227:
213:
199:
174:
160:
1333:
1062:
978:
1351:
Eberle, Lisa Pilar; le Quéré, Enora (2017). "Landed
Traders, Trading Agriculturalists? Land in the Economy of the Italian Diaspora in the Greek East".
708:. Procopius also claims that no less than 36 smaller fortresses in Epirus Vetusâmost of them not identifiable todayâwere either rebuilt or built anew.
752:
The restoration of
Byzantine rule seems to have proceeded from the islands, chiefly Cephallonia, which was certainly under firm Imperial control in
1804:
1743:
1483:
512:(r. 284â305), the western portion of the province of Macedonia along the Adriatic coast was split off into a new province, called "New Epirus" (
836:, composed in ca. 527â8 AD but probably reflecting the situation in the first half of the 5th century, reports eleven cities for Old Epirus:
959:
806:
to the north. Due to both its traditionally reputed livestock and its proximity to the
Italian peninsula, Epirus became a major exporter of
1416:
Catalogue of
Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, Volume 1: Italy, North of the Balkans, North of the Black Sea
763:
was banished there. The gradual restoration of
Imperial rule is evidenced further from the participation of local bishops in councils in
378:, when it used Epirus as an entry-point for Roman troops in Greece. Rome would continue to use Epirus as a gateway for its troops in the
696:
sent his fleet to raid the shores of Epirus, in an attempt to interdict the
Byzantines' lines of communication with Italy during the
662:
after 479, in which the
Byzantines were involved. A Gothic attempt to take Durrës was repulsed by Roman forces during this period.
1784:
915:
612:
plundered Greece. They remained in Epirus for a few years, until 401, and again in 406â407, during Alaric's alliance with the
1452:
1341:
1072:
738:
in the year 587, and is further corroborated by evidence that several sees were abandoned by their bishops by 591. Thus, in
406:
supporting the Romans. The war ended disastrously for Epirus: 150,000 Molossians were enslaved and the region fell to Rome.
1476:
1779:
1814:
1424:
1399:
1108:
1819:
1809:
833:
102:
1469:
768:
903:
1390:
927:
775:, a century later the bishops of Dyrrhachium, Nicopolis, Corfu, Cephallonia, and Zakynthos are attested in the
321:, with the exception of its northernmost part, which remained part of the province of Macedonia. Under Emperor
745:
the bishop, clergy and people of Euroea fled their city, carrying with them the relics of their patron saint,
279:
1688:
466:
Augustus also separated Epirus and Achaea from
Macedonia in 27 BC, but it remained part of the province of
1492:
1566:
943:
410:
306:
409:
The status of the region between 167 and 146 BC is unclear, but in 146 BC, it was grouped in the larger
309:, which at the time covered the whole of the Hellenistic world in mainland Europe. In 27 BC, Epirus and
1673:
1596:
1733:
1723:
1606:
1571:
1551:
1531:
776:
697:
435:
later took up these plans and made the city a colony for his own veterans, after his victory over
1678:
1663:
1516:
1506:
1368:
Walker, Susan; Wilkes, John (2010). "Becoming Roman and staying Greek in the
Southern Adriatic".
810:
and luxury goods like racehorses to Italy, where the latter were in great demand for the popular
734:
467:
339:
318:
1651:
1511:
1461:
647:
539:
270:
1753:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
654:. The Vandals seized Nicopolis in 474 as a bargaining chip in their negotiations with Emperor
1794:
1546:
802:
The province, especially the northern towns, benefitted greatly from the construction of the
674:
414:
379:
566:, when they became part of the former. In the 4th century, Epirus was still a stronghold of
1683:
1576:
970:
791:
790:, which was established in the 9th century, covered the former region of Epirus Vetus. The
783:
760:
559:
383:
375:
330:
302:
1023:
8:
1581:
1556:
1410:
728:
In the late 6th century, much of Greece, including Epirus, fell under the control of the
585:
395:
314:
206:
638:
From 467 on, the Ionian Islands and the coasts of Epirus became subject to raids by the
1668:
1626:
1621:
1373:
1356:
787:
704:
was moved further inland - this has been traditionally identified with the founding of
582:
327:
115:
1713:
1708:
1636:
1631:
1448:
1420:
1395:
1385:
1337:
1104:
1068:
772:
746:
621:
555:
192:
767:: whereas only the bishop of Dyrrhachium participated in the Ecumenical Councils of
1641:
1611:
721:
605:
571:
563:
966:
1526:
1414:
1096:
848:
729:
701:
527:
427:
355:
179:
79:
52:
1616:
1536:
764:
655:
531:
513:
493:
444:
387:
343:
290:
262:
165:
35:
325:, sometime between 103 and 114 AD, Epirus became a separate province, under a
1768:
1561:
1541:
1521:
811:
716:
613:
452:
440:
418:
1586:
643:
601:
403:
294:
39:
1728:
1657:
1591:
889:
803:
682:
588:
through reduction in taxes and the rebuilding of the provincial capital,
436:
359:
220:
1377:
1360:
1061:
Hodges, Richard; Bowden, William; Lako, Kosta; Andrews, Richard (2004).
600:
raided the area in 380. With the division of the Empire on the death of
1754:
866:
828:
659:
509:
422:
391:
1646:
950:
871:
632:
597:
589:
460:
456:
399:
363:
65:
934:
861:
705:
651:
617:
609:
593:
567:
443:. New residents expanded the city and the construction included an
432:
301:. Rome first annexed the region in 167 BC, in the aftermath of the
1419:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
488:
335:
1703:
876:
853:
639:
627:
523:
518:
448:
351:
249:
1491:
1718:
1698:
1693:
1293:
984:
843:
807:
693:
471:
322:
310:
298:
245:
1305:
1187:
1185:
670:
666:
347:
26:
1447:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
1281:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1120:
1097:"From Alexander Molossus to Pyrrhus: Political Developments"
1006:
1004:
1002:
374:
Rome had maintained a military presence in Epirus since the
1330:
Tabula Imperii Byzantini, Band 3: Nikopolis und KephallÄnia
1269:
431:
there for his civil war veterans shortly before his death.
284:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1182:
1042:
346:
in the south, and included the northern Ionian Islands of
1170:
1151:
1132:
999:
530:. Epirus proper thereafter became known as "Old Epirus" (
57:
The province of Epirus within the Roman Empire, c. 125 AD
1775:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
1334:
Verlag der Ăsterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
1060:
558:, until it was divided in ca. 369 into the dioceses of
1257:
1800:
States and territories established in the 2nd century
1790:
6th-century disestablishments in the Byzantine Empire
1101:
Epirus, 4000 Years of Greek History and Civilization
1064:
Byzantine Butrint: excavations and surveys 1994â1999
334:. The new province extended from the Gulf of Aulon (
1438:(in Italian). Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.
987:
from the Roman Villa of Manius Antoninus, Nicopolis
604:in 395, Epirus became part of the Eastern Roman or
313:were separated from Macedonia and grouped into the
1408:
1239:
724:ca. 900 AD, with the themes and major settlements
646:provinces and established their own kingdom, the
508:Sometime during the provincial reorganization by
1766:
1394:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
711:
732:and their Slavic allies. This is placed by the
477:
425:as a naval base, and later drew up plans for a
1370:Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
1350:
1299:
1287:
1477:
554:The two Epirote provinces became part of the
386:. During the third war, the hitherto neutral
305:, and initially put the region in the larger
1367:
1327:
1311:
1275:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1164:
1145:
1126:
1048:
1010:
782:In about the middle of the 8th century, the
470:until sometime between 104 and 117 AD, when
1484:
1470:
51:
821:
522:) which roughly corresponded to southern
1436:Constantino Porfirogenito: De Thematibus
1328:Soustal, Peter; Koder, Johannes (1981).
1254:, "Dyrrachion", (T. E. Gregory), p. 668.
715:
673:reached Greece, including Epirus Vetus.
626:
487:
342:in the north to the lower course of the
1805:110s establishments in the Roman Empire
1442:
1433:
1263:
1233:
1176:
1094:
1767:
786:was established; this, along with the
16:Roman province (in Greece and Albania)
1465:
474:made it a province in its own right.
1493:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
1245:
13:
1391:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
608:. In 395â397, the Visigoths under
526:proper, historically inhabited by
14:
1831:
549:
297:, covering the region of Ancient
1742:
977:
958:
942:
926:
921:Roman amphitheatre of Dyrrachium
914:
902:
888:New Epirus, with its capital at
225:
211:
197:
172:
158:
1384:
1251:
687:
576:
1240:Nesbitt & Oikonomides 1991
1088:
1054:
1030:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, Inc
1016:
1:
1785:Provinces of the Roman Empire
992:
753:
739:
712:Loss and Byzantine reconquest
285:
114:âą Transformed into the
7:
1067:. Oxbow Books. p. 54.
570:, and was aided by Emperor
411:Roman province of Macedonia
307:Roman province of Macedonia
46:100s or 110s ADâ7th century
10:
1836:
1321:
1300:Eberle & le Quéré 2017
1288:Eberle & le Quéré 2017
895:
797:
543:
369:
274:
27:
1780:Roman provinces in Europe
1751:
1740:
1502:
1103:. EkdotikÄ AthÄnĆn: 126.
892:, comprised nine cities.
642:, who had taken over the
624:from the Eastern Empire.
496:in the Balkans including
241:
137:
133:
129:
125:
112:
99:
89:
85:
75:
71:
61:
50:
45:
34:
21:
1815:Albania in the Roman era
1532:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
1443:Wolfram, Herwig (1988).
1353:Journal of Roman Studies
1312:Soustal & Koder 1981
1276:Walker & Wilkes 2010
1228:Soustal & Koder 1981
1216:Soustal & Koder 1981
1204:Soustal & Koder 1981
1192:Soustal & Koder 1981
1165:Soustal & Koder 1981
1146:Soustal & Koder 1981
1127:Soustal & Koder 1981
1049:Walker & Wilkes 2010
1011:Soustal & Koder 1981
909:Roman theatre of Butrint
777:Second Council of Nicaea
749:, to Cassiope in Corfu.
1820:Epirus (Roman province)
1810:Greece under Roman rule
1679:Mauretania Caesariensis
1028:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
735:Chronicle of Monemvasia
340:Acroceraunian Mountains
1652:Hispania Tarraconensis
840:Nicopolis, the capital
822:Cities and settlements
725:
690: 527â565 AD
665:In 517, a raid of the
648:Kingdom of the Vandals
635:
579: 361â363 AD
535:
517:
505:
266:
1332:(in German). Vienna:
719:
675:Procopius of Caesarea
630:
491:
384:Third Macedonian Wars
1684:Mauretania Tingitana
1577:Corsica and Sardinia
1517:Africa proconsularis
1445:History of the Goths
1434:Pertusi, A. (1952).
1411:Oikonomides, Nicolas
1095:Cabanes, P. (1997).
971:Anastasius I Dicorus
792:Theme of Dyrrhachium
784:Theme of Cephallenia
761:Philippicus Bardanes
376:First Macedonian War
303:Third Macedonian War
1582:Crete and Cyrenaica
1557:Bithynia and Pontus
1179:, pp. 271â274.
969:, built by Emperor
586:Claudius Mamertinus
315:senatorial province
207:Cephallenia (theme)
91:âą Established
1669:Lycia et Pamphylia
1647:Hispania Lusitania
1627:Gallia Narbonensis
1622:Gallia Lugdunensis
1386:Kazhdan, Alexander
788:Theme of Nicopolis
726:
636:
620:in order to wrest
583:praetorian prefect
506:
415:Caesar's Civil War
116:Theme of Nicopolis
1762:
1761:
1714:Pannonia Superior
1709:Pannonia Inferior
1637:Germania Superior
1632:Germania Inferior
1496:
1454:978-0-52006-983-1
1343:978-3-7001-0399-8
1314:, pp. 48â49.
1302:, pp. 40â42.
1129:, pp. 47â48.
1074:978-1-84217-158-5
622:Eastern Illyricum
556:Diocese of Moesia
283:
255:
254:
237:
236:
233:
232:
193:Nicopolis (theme)
185:
184:
1827:
1746:
1642:Hispania Baetica
1612:Gallia Aquitania
1494:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1439:
1430:
1405:
1381:
1364:
1347:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1149:
1143:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1020:
1014:
1008:
981:
962:
946:
933:Early Christian
930:
918:
906:
758:
755:
744:
741:
722:Byzantine Greece
691:
689:
606:Byzantine Empire
580:
578:
545:
394:siding with the
390:split, with the
288:
286:EparchĂa ÄpeĂrou
278:
276:
257:The province of
229:
228:
215:
214:
201:
200:
189:
188:
176:
175:
162:
161:
155:
154:
139:
138:
55:
30:
29:
24:
19:
18:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1747:
1738:
1699:Moesia Superior
1694:Moesia Inferior
1527:Alpes Maritimae
1498:
1490:
1455:
1427:
1413:, eds. (1991).
1409:Nesbitt, John;
1402:
1344:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1152:
1144:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1000:
995:
988:
982:
973:
963:
954:
947:
938:
931:
922:
919:
910:
907:
898:
824:
800:
756:
742:
714:
686:
592:. According to
575:
552:
528:Illyrian tribes
494:Roman provinces
486:
372:
275:áŒÏαÏÏία ጚÏΔίÏÎżÏ
267:Provincia Epiri
248:
226:
212:
198:
180:Aetolian League
173:
159:
118:
105:
103:Slavic Invasion
95:100s or 110s AD
92:
56:
28:áŒÏαÏÏία ጚÏΔίÏÎżÏ
25:
23:Provincia Epiri
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1833:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1617:Gallia Belgica
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1537:Arabia Petraea
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1440:
1431:
1425:
1406:
1400:
1388:, ed. (1991).
1382:
1365:
1355:: 107, 27â59.
1348:
1342:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1278:, p. 204.
1268:
1266:, p. 177.
1256:
1244:
1232:
1220:
1208:
1196:
1181:
1169:
1150:
1131:
1119:
1109:
1087:
1073:
1053:
1051:, p. 212.
1041:
1015:
997:
996:
994:
991:
990:
989:
983:
976:
974:
964:
957:
955:
948:
941:
939:
932:
925:
923:
920:
913:
911:
908:
901:
897:
894:
886:
885:
884:Ithaca Island.
882:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
856:
851:
846:
841:
823:
820:
799:
796:
765:Constantinople
713:
710:
679:Secret History
677:claims in his
616:generalissimo
551:
550:Late Antiquity
548:
544:ΠαλαÎčᜰ áŒŹÏΔÎčÏÎżÏ
485:
476:
455:complex and a
388:Epirote League
371:
368:
344:Acheloos River
253:
252:
243:
239:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
223:
217:
216:
209:
203:
202:
195:
186:
183:
182:
177:
169:
168:
166:Epirote League
163:
151:
150:
145:
135:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
113:
110:
109:
106:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:
77:
76:Historical era
73:
72:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
48:
47:
43:
42:
32:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1832:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1756:
1750:
1745:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:Alpes Cottiae
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
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1422:
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1242:, p. 40.
1241:
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1229:
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1217:
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1193:
1188:
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1147:
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965:A bastion of
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854:Hadrianopolis
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839:
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837:
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819:
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812:chariot races
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541:
540:Ancient Greek
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504:, ca. 400 AD.
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441:War of Actium
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1795:Roman Epirus
1656:
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1444:
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1369:
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1264:Pertusi 1952
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1199:
1177:Wolfram 1988
1172:
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1100:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1063:
1056:
1044:
1032:. Retrieved
1027:
1018:
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881:Corfu Island
827:
825:
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781:
751:
733:
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664:
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602:Theodosius I
553:
536:Epirus Vetus
507:
501:
498:Epirus Vetus
497:
482:
479:Epirus Vetus
478:
465:
451:, houses, a
426:
408:
404:Thesprotians
373:
326:
295:Roman Empire
258:
256:
148:Succeeded by
147:
142:
40:Roman Empire
1757:'s reforms.
1689:Mesopotamia
1372:: 197â212.
1034:16 November
953:, Nicopolis
890:Dyrrhachium
804:Via Egnatia
747:St. Donatus
683:Justinian I
681:that under
519:Epirus Nova
502:Epirus Nova
483:Epirus Nova
437:Mark Antony
396:Macedonians
360:Cephallonia
221:Early Slavs
143:Preceded by
121:7th century
108:7th century
1769:Categories
1755:Diocletian
1567:Cappadocia
993:References
867:Anchiasmos
829:Synecdemus
757: 702
743: 590
698:Gothic War
660:Ostrogoths
581:) and his
510:Diocletian
423:Bouthroton
392:Molossians
338:) and the
328:procurator
1674:Macedonia
1562:Britannia
1080:8 January
951:nymphaeum
937:, Butrint
872:Buthrotum
834:Hierocles
814:in Rome.
633:Buthrotum
631:Ruins of
598:Visigoths
590:Nicopolis
560:Macedonia
461:Asklepios
457:nymphaeum
413:. During
400:Chaonians
364:Zakynthos
280:romanized
80:Antiquity
66:Nicopolis
1597:Dalmatia
1512:Aegyptus
1495:(117 AD)
1378:44214907
1361:26576044
1024:"Epirus"
935:basilica
862:Phoenice
779:in 787.
706:Ioannina
652:Carthage
618:Stilicho
594:Jordanes
568:paganism
445:aqueduct
433:Augustus
398:and the
291:province
289:) was a
36:Province
1734:Thracia
1724:Sicilia
1704:Noricum
1607:Galatia
1572:Cilicia
1552:Assyria
1542:Armenia
1322:Sources
896:Gallery
877:Photike
798:Economy
759:, when
720:Map of
640:Vandals
524:Illyria
449:thermae
439:at the
428:colonia
370:History
352:Lefkada
331:Augusti
293:of the
282::
250:Albania
101:âą
62:Capital
38:of the
1719:Raetia
1664:Iudaea
1658:Italia
1602:Epirus
1587:Cyprus
1507:Achaia
1451:
1423:
1398:
1376:
1359:
1340:
1107:
1071:
985:Mosaic
949:Roman
849:Euroea
844:Dodona
808:cattle
702:Euroea
694:Totila
610:Alaric
596:, the
572:Julian
472:Trajan
468:Achaia
380:Second
362:, and
356:Ithaca
323:Trajan
319:Achaea
311:Achaea
299:Epirus
259:Epirus
246:Greece
1729:Syria
1592:Dacia
1374:JSTOR
1357:JSTOR
858:Appon
769:680â1
730:Avars
671:Antae
667:Getae
564:Dacia
532:Latin
514:Latin
453:forum
421:used
348:Corfu
336:Vlorë
263:Latin
1547:Asia
1449:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1105:ISBN
1082:2011
1069:ISBN
1036:2013
826:The
771:and
656:Zeno
562:and
500:and
492:The
481:and
402:and
382:and
1252:ODB
832:of
773:692
669:or
546:).
317:of
1771::
1336:.
1184:^
1153:^
1134:^
1113:.
1099:.
1026:.
1001:^
754:c.
740:c.
688:r.
577:r.
542::
538:,
534::
516::
463:.
447:,
417:,
366:.
358:,
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350:,
277:,
273::
269:,
265::
1485:e
1478:t
1471:v
1457:.
1429:.
1404:.
1380:.
1363:.
1346:.
1084:.
1038:.
685:(
574:(
261:(
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