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583:"The doughty Governor Facundo Melgares, on foot, in his cloak and chapeau de bras, was reviewing this noble army....he was five feet wide, as thick as he was long, and as he waddled from one end of the line to the other, I thought of Alexander, and Hannibal, and Caesar, and how their glories would soon be eclipsed by this hero of Santa Fe."
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but did not find any invading force. Arce confirmed that the
Amerindians were loyal to Spain and would alert New Mexico of any planned invasion by the U.S. Despite the reassurances, Melgares requested a reinforcement of 500 soldiers, half as infantry, armed with rifles and bayonets, to strengthen the
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In the first month of
Melgares' office, there were hostilities by Navajo against villages in the north. The governor issued a call to all the citizens of New Mexico, for contributions of grain and other supplies (such as metals for weapons) to aid his forces stationed in Santa Fe. Melgares himself,
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to verify rumours of a U.S. presence among the
Pawnees. Melgares source was Sergeant José Cayetano Hernández, who said that while he was in captivity, a U.S Army officer visited the Pawnees to propose a plan of unification with the Kiowas in an effort to invade the Spanish territory. The officer,
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made a personal donation of cereals, metal and sheep. A local priest donated his local church bell to be cast into munitions. The
Presidio of Santa Fe had only 167 soldiers to battle the Navajo and so Melgares sent troops from Chihuahua and some 60 soldiers from San Eleazario (near
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requesting
Spanish protection against the Navajo. Despite the objections of Viceroy Ruiz de Apodaca and General Cordero, Melgares succeeded and on 21 August 1819, imposed a formal peace agreement between Spain and the Navajo. The next three years in New Mexico were peaceful.
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outposts of the north. Melgares also resumed war against the Navajo. He sent 600 soldiers to Taos, and 400 to El Vado. 800 men were held in reserve to deal with the Navajo. Melgares fought ongoing difficulties related to unrealistic demands of his distant commanders.
595:, Melgares reluctantly supported the new empire. On 26 December 1821, Melgares received official word that he should swear allegiance to the new Mexican government. In 1821, after independence, Melgares welcomed the first U.S. trade delegation (under
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with 120 men. Shortly after his departure from northern New Mexico, 400 men under the command of Juan de Dios Peña, the mayor of Taos, joined the expedition. Arce crossed the Sangre de Cristo
Mountains into the Huerfano Valley and proceeded to the
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In 1817, Melgares was promoted to commander of the
Presidio of Santa Fe. He arrived there in July 1818 with his veteran troops and set about defending the city. He later became acting governor of the province. In August 1818, King
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in New Mexico with support for inclusion of the indigenous people in its governance, for example, the right to vote and hold public office. By the end of 1820, municipal governments representing most pueblo people had been formed.
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511:. His responsibilities included administration of civilian activities; defence of the province from local Indian hostilities and foreign invaders in the north; and control of the prison troops and civilian militia.
192:. Melgares was, like most of the officials of the Spanish crown in his time, a member of the Spanish upper class. He is described as a "portly man of military demeanour" and as "a gentleman and gallant soldier".
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Although
Melgara did not believe the sergeant, he notified General Garcia Conde and sent Lieutenant Jose Maria de Arce north of the New Mexico border to confirm the intelligence. On 1 September 1818, Arce left
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who tried to appropriate town property for his church. In August 1823, Melgares was cleared of all charges. After that, at age 58, Melgares falls from the pages of history.
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550:), to finalize plans for an attack on New Mexico. While admitting that he never really saw the U.S. officer, he estimated more than 300 Indians were trained and armed.
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264:, Melgares began his military career. He was stationed near the northern border of the Spanish territory and remained at that post for approximately ten years.
373:). Despite the enmity between Spain and the United States, the two men became close friends and it is Pike's surviving map which details Melgares' expedition.
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In 1821, Thomas James, an
American trader commented that Melgares' troops in Santa Fe were a bedraggled, motley lot and said of Malgares himself,
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In
February 1819, when it seemed the U.S.-Mexico border was safe, the commander, General Antonio Cordero, tasked Melgares to make peace with the
648:"Two thousand miles on horseback: Santa Fé and back : a summer tour through Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, and New Mexico, in the year, 1866."
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according to Hernández, promised to arm the Indians in exchange for their allegiance. Both tribes were to meet in the fall, in the Gerbidora (
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Two months before the New Mexico viceroy's alert about an imminent attack by the United States, Melgares had ordered a reconnaissance of the
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On 5 July 1822, Melgares was dismissed from his post. He continued as a soldier under the command of his replacement,
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and attacking no later than 7 November 1818. Melgares determined that the Navajo should yield or be driven to the
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Melgares led 105 Spanish soldiers, 400 New Mexican militiamen, 100 Amerindians, and more than 2,000 animals (a
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and General García Conde, appointed Melgares Governor of New Mexico with the rank of lieutenant colonel.
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was not made certain until 1819). On 30 May 1806, Melgares was called to see the governor of New Mexico,
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Melgares remained a staunch monarchist despite the strong likelihood of Mexican independence. Following
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In late October 1818, Melgares tasked Captain Andrés Gómez Sanudo, chief of the military second in
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Melgares' post as Governor of New Mexico was held under the scrutiny of the commanding general of
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in every way he could. However, Melgares continued to fight under the unlikely mandate of the
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Group of Indians at the Pueblo of San Juan, New Mexico, late 19th century (H. T. Hiester)
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had not made a well defined boundary of the Spanish - US border (and the border of
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627:"Changing National Identities at the Frontier: Texas and New Mexico, 1800-1850."
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On 1 October 1806, Melgares returned to Santa Fe accompanied by his prisoner,
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University of Arizona Press, 1978 p90. (James ed. Quaiffe 1966 p166 - 167)
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345:. In the third task, Melgares succeeded and planned to build a fort on the
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and assistant to the commanding general of the Western Provinces, based in
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before him had twice failed to do); resisting American settlement at the
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Melgares was an equitable civil administrator in his dealings with the
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Hurd and Houghton, 1868 p148 Original from the University of Michigan.
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718:"Finding the West: Explorations with Lewis and Clark."
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216:family. A member of the family was a judge of the
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1416:Colonial governors of Santa Fe de Nuevo México
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808:"Canyon de chelly: it's people and rock art."
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1016:Diego Dionisio de Peñalosa Briceño y Berdugo
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283:. Melgares was tasked with suppressing the
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789:Texas A&M University Press, 2010 p66.
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249:With the assistance of his father-in-law,
926:Cristóbal de Oñate (son of Juan de Oñate)
678:Arthur Gomez. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
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420:Pawnee village, Webster County, Nebraska.
831:University of Oklahoma Press, 2013 p75.
765:Pikes Peak Library District, 2007 p174.
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1392:List of Spanish governors of New Mexico
1242:List of Mexican governors of New Mexico
1096:Jose Chacón Medina Salazar y Villaseñor
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377:Destinations of the Melgares expedition
279:, who raided the settlements along the
240:Valdez valley, Taos county, New Mexico.
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629:Cambridge University Press, 2005 p56.
275:. He took part in battles against the
271:of San Fernando de Carrizal, south of
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875:by Arthur Gomez @NewMexicoHistory.org
669:"The official history of New Mexico."
499:Thomson map of Mexico and Texas, 1814
414:Mouth of Coon Creek on Arkansas river
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393:Canadian river headwaters (Rio Rojo)
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428:Mexico Declaration of Independence
267:In 1803, Melgares enlisted at the
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1161:Francisco Antonio Marín del Valle
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446:Rights for the Pueblo Amerindians
88:January 1822 – July 1822
1388:List of governors of New Mexico
1286:Mexican governors of New Mexico
1246:List of governors of New Mexico
951:Francisco Manuel de Silva Nieto
910:Spanish governors of New Mexico
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1141:Enrique de Olavide y Michelena
1066:Domingo Gironza Petriz Cruzate
1056:Domingo Gironza Petriz Cruzate
996:Hernando de Ugarte y la Concha
971:Juan Flores de Sierra y Valdés
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330:; exploring New Mexico to the
190:Mexican Governor of New Mexico
186:Spanish Governor of New Mexico
76:Mexican Governor of New Mexico
35:Spanish Governor of New Mexico
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1171:Manuel de Portillo y Urrisola
1106:Felix Martínez de Torrelaguna
956:Francisco de la Mora Ceballos
787:"Holy Ground, Healing Water."
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314:He was tasked with detaining
200:Melgares was born in 1775 in
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1377:Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid
1101:Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollon
1011:Bernardo López de Mendizábal
981:Alonso de Pacheco de Herédia
318:'s explorers of the region,
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47:1818 – January 1822
7:
1362:Mariano Martínez de Lejarza
1206:Joaquín del Real Alencaster
961:Francisco Martínez de Baeza
426:In 1810, shortly after the
309:Joaquín del Real Alencaster
10:
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1181:Pedro Fermín de Mendinueta
1131:Juan Domingo de Bustamante
417:Great Bend, Arkansas River
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1146:Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza
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1091:Francisco Cuervo y Valdés
1021:Tomé Dominguez de Mendoza
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1121:Antonio Valverde y Cosío
1111:Antonio Valverde y Cosío
1001:Juan de Samaniego y Xaca
829:"New Mexico: a history."
16:Spanish military officer
1302:Francisco Xavier Chávez
1126:Juan Estrada de Austria
1061:Pedro Reneros de Posada
1036:Juan de Medrano y Mesía
1006:Juan Manso de Contreras
946:Felipe de Sotelo Osorio
604:Francisco Xavier Chávez
353:Zebulon Montgomery Pike
341:of horses). He reached
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111:Francisco Xavier Chávez
1367:José Chávez y Castillo
1226:Pedro María de Allande
1076:Pedro Rodríguez Cubero
1046:Juan Francisco Treviño
1031:Fernando de Villanueva
941:Juan Álvarez de Eulate
936:Bernardino de Ceballos
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491:Governor of New Mexico
477:Ferdinand VII of Spain
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159:Soldier and politician
57:Pedro María de Allande
1307:José Antonio Vizcarra
1196:Fernando de la Concha
1191:Juan Bautista de Anza
1041:Juan Durán de Miranda
1026:Juan Durán de Miranda
852:UNM Press, 2004 p134
785:Blakeslee, Donald J.
741:UNM Press, 1980 p180
720:UNM Press, 2006. p84
694:UNM Press, 1972 p38.
692:"The Santa Fe trail."
532:Deserts of California
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384:
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1176:Tomás Vélez Cachupín
1156:Tomás Vélez Cachupín
986:Fernando de Argüello
763:"To spare no pains."
402:Medicine Lodge River
385:Pikes Peak, Colorado
289:Santa Fe, New Mexico
262:Chihuahua, Chihuahua
99:Position established
1337:Francisco Sarracino
1327:José Antonio Chaves
761:Blevins, Tim et al
737:Lavender, David S.
589:Agustín de Iturbide
526:, with marching to
507:and the viceroy in
466:. He delivered the
1411:People from Murcia
1051:Antonio de Otermin
674:2012-04-06 at the
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440:Monclova, Coahuila
436:Saltillo, Coahuila
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301:Louisiana Purchase
295:Louisiana Purchase
251:Lieutenant Colonel
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68:Position abolished
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1116:Juan Páez Hurtado
1086:Juan Páez Hurtado
690:Duffus Robert L.
625:Resendez, Andres
479:, advised by his
468:1812 Constitution
361:Zebulon Pike 1810
273:El Paso del Norte
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860:, 9780826335098.
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806:Grant, Campbell
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739:"The Southwest."
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411:Sun City, Kansas
399:Taovayas village
316:Thomas Jefferson
170:Facundo Melgares
121:Personal details
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390:Taos (start)
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106:Succeeded by
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63:Succeeded by
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1426:1775 births
1357:Felipe Sena
509:Mexico City
94:Preceded by
53:Preceded by
1405:Categories
858:0826335098
837:0806151137
816:0816505233
795:1603442111
771:1567352537
747:0826307361
726:0826324185
700:0826302351
635:0521543193
614:References
371:Pikes Peak
324:Pedro Vial
281:Rio Grande
258:New Mexico
226:lieutenant
214:aristocrat
196:Early life
156:Profession
149:after 1823
505:Chihuahua
464:Puebloans
396:Red River
339:caballada
328:Red River
245:1803–1811
222:New Spain
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84:In office
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672:Archived
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462:and the
343:Nebraska
305:Arkansas
269:Presidio
212:, to an
202:Caravaca
174:Caravaca
132:Caravaca
608:Abiquiu
517:El Paso
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277:Apaches
172:(1775,
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460:Navajo
285:Pawnee
206:Murcia
178:Murcia
528:Jemez
210:Spain
182:Spain
140:Spain
33:63rd
854:ISBN
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812:ISBN
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631:ISBN
573:Hopi
556:Taos
524:Taos
299:The
146:Died
129:1775
126:Born
74:1st
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1278:e
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