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supervision of all banking and credits and investments so that there will be an end to speculation with other people's money, and there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency". Roosevelt declared a banking holiday on March 6, 1933, to stop the runs that were occurring on banks. During this time the banks were inspected to ensure that they would be safe to hold money when the banks reopened. Roosevelt created several programs to stabilize the United States banking system, including the Glass-Steagall Act which guaranteed the savings of
American citizens through the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and prevented commercial banks from engaging in investment banking
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speedy adoption. But in the event that the
Congress shall fail to take one of these two courses, and in the event that the national emergency is still critical, I shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me. I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis — broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.
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curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone". America was facing the worst depression in history; Roosevelt outlined the problems facing the country so that the
American people would understand his need to take action.
317:— nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.
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as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe". By comparing the Great
Depression to a war and stating that the only solution to this situation was to give the Executive Branch the ability to fight this 'war', Roosevelt hoped to convince American's that he needed more power to execute his plan.
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adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure" This served to justify
Roosevelt's plan and the actions that he may need to take in order to accomplish that plan.
371:' when he accepted the Democratic Party nomination in 1932. America, at the time that Roosevelt was inaugurated, was facing an unemployment rate of over twenty-five percent, which put more than twelve million Americans out of work. Roosevelt used his speech to highlight different parts of his proposed plan.
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The last thing that
Roosevelt did was appeal to the patriotism of the American people. He said "We do not distrust the future of essential democracy. The people of the United States have not failed. In their need, they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. They have asked
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The second thing that
Roosevelt did to convince the American people was to justify his need to take on more control to implement his plan. Roosevelt said, "I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis—broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great
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The second thing he did in his speech was to state that the
Executive Branch may need to have heightened responsibilities, compared to the Legislative Branch, to face the crisis at hand. Roosevelt stated, "It is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly
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To do so he first compared the Great
Depression to a war. Roosevelt stated, "It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects
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I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken Nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the
Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to
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Recognition of the falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in
402:...rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.
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Roosevelt made several very important rhetorical choices in his First Inauguration Speech. He understood that the plan that he was proposing appeared would seem very radical to the American people who were not used to such action outside of wartime. To convince the American people of his plan he
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Another part of Roosevelt's plan was to help American farmers. Roosevelt stated, "The task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the
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One part of Roosevelt's plan was to find work for the American people. He stated, "Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously". Roosevelt would later execute this plan by forming different programs such as the Civilian
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The last element that Roosevelt outlined in his speech was his plan for the bank crisis facing America during the Great Depression. He stated, "Finally, in our progress toward a resumption of work we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order: there must be a strict
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The first thing that Roosevelt attempted to do was convince the American people that the situation was extremely dire and needed immediate action. He said, "Values have shrunken to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious
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After the inaugural address, a woman by the name Sarah Love said "Any man who can talk like that in times like these is worthy of every ounce of support a true American has." Love's quote is reflective of the popular sentiment felt for Roosevelt's dynamic, confident, and inspiring oratory.
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growing loss through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms". To put this plan into action Roosevelt created the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) in May 1933. This program helped farmers by giving them incentives to cut production which increased the income of farmers.
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The money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. The measure of the restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit.
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to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources." This served to both impart on Americans how serious the situation was, but it also helped him justify his plan to Congress because wartime responsibilities fell to the President, not Congress.
261:, Roosevelt's inaugural speech was awaited with great anticipation. Broadcast nationwide on several radio networks, the speech was heard by tens of millions of Americans, and set the stage for Roosevelt's urgent efforts to respond to the crisis.
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for discipline and direction under leadership". Roosevelt hoped to use the idea of patriotism to convince the American people, that despite their distrust for sweeping government action, the steps he planned to take were necessary for America.
226:, ratified earlier that year, moved Inauguration Day to January 20. As a result, Roosevelt's (and Garner's) first term in office was shorter than a normal term by 43 days. This was also the last time the vice president took the
455:— the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others" — Roosevelt turned again to the economic crisis, assuring his countrymen that he would act swiftly and with determination:
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Addressing himself to the causes of the economic crisis and its moral dimensions, Roosevelt placed the blame squarely on the greed and shortsightedness of bankers and businessmen, as seen in the following excerpts:
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More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.
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783:"FDR's First Inaugural Address Declaring 'War' on the Great Depression." National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration. Accessed February 25, 2021.
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was responsible for crafting the speech, as he did many of Roosevelt's speeches. The idea of likening Roosevelt's coming task to commanding a war effort originated from Moley.
433:...the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone.
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Conservation Corps (CCC) which provided jobs for 300,000 men and the Civil Works Administration (CWA) which provided work by creating "public work projects".
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Roosevelt proceeded to deliver his 1,883-word, 20 minute-long inaugural address, best known for his famously pointed reference to "fear itself" (paraphrasing
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Roosevelt used his First Inaugural Speech to outline his plan for the Great Depression. This plan was one he had referred to as a '
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There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped merely by talking about it. We must act and act quickly.
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Leuchtenburg, William E. "Franklin D. Roosevelt: Domestic Affairs." Miller Center. The University of Virginia, July 24, 2018.
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Roosevelt, in his speech, attempted to convince the American people and Congress to follow his plan for the Great Depression.
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outlined how dire the situation was, reassured them that his plan was necessary, and appealed to their sense of patriotism.
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Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously.
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banking and in business which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing.
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Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. This Nation is asking for action, and action now.
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Houck, Davis W. & Nocasian, Mihaela. "FDR's First Inaugural Address: Text, Context, and Reception".
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Roosevelt, F. D. Franklin D. Roosevelt Inaugural Address. The American Presidency Project. March 1933.
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and striped trousers for the inauguration, and took the oath with his hand on his family
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Newsreel footage of Roosevelt's 1933 inauguration from C-SPAN (via YouTube)
615:"The 37th Presidential Inauguration: Franklin D. Roosevelt, March 04, 1933"
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Roosevelt then turned, in the following excerpts, to the daunting issue of
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The day after his inauguration, Roosevelt assembled a special session of
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt delivering the quoted portion of the address.
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663:. "Great Depression Facts." FDR Presidential Library & Museum,
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to the inaugural ball. The dress was afterwards displayed at the
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was held on Saturday, March 4, 1933, at the East Portico of the
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https://millercenter.org/president/fdroosevelt/domestic-affairs
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to declare a four-day bank holiday, and on March 9 signed the
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https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/inaugural-address-8
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It was also the most recent inauguration to be held on the
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Audio of Roosevelt's First Inaugural Address (via YouTube)
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Military history of the United States during World War II
681:"Franklin D. Roosevelt: Domestic Affairs | Miller Center"
830:"Teaching With Documents: FDR's First Inaugural Address"
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https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/fdr-inaugural
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First presidential inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt
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735:
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706:"Inaugural Address | The American Presidency Project"
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Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies
596:"Radio as the Significant Context of FDR's Rhetoric"
313:
So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that
808:. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
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1929 and 1931 inaugurations as Governor of New York
203:, and marked the commencement of the first term of
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665:https://www.fdrlibrary.org/great-depression-facts
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804:FDR and Fear Itself: The First Inaugural Address
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421:Hoover and Roosevelt on Inauguration Day, 1933.
315:the only thing we have to fear is...fear itself
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309:) in one of its first lines (emphasis added):
572:Fourth inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt
562:Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt
16:37th United States presidential inauguration
963:Text of Roosevelt's First Inaugural Address
953:More documents from the Library of Congress
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567:Third inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt
241:The inauguration took place in the wake of
182:first inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt
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1827:Springwood birthplace, home, and gravesite
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1859:Little White House, Warm Springs, Georgia
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881:"Smithsonian's "First Ladies" collection"
637:"Thoreau & FDR | The Thoreau Society"
2709:United States presidential inaugurations
2257:United States presidential inaugurations
1929:Roosevelt Institute for American Studies
1772:1920 United States presidential election
1381:Harlan F. Stone Supreme Court nomination
1180:National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933
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577:1932 United States presidential election
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137:31st vice president of the United States
126:32nd vice president of the United States
1453:U.S. occupation of Nicaragua, 1912–1933
1386:Wiley Rutledge Supreme Court nomination
1214:Aid to Families with Dependent Children
1140:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
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2724:March 1933 events in the United States
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854:Neuman, Johanna (September 29, 2014).
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257:. With the nation at its peak of the
238:'s swearing-in on December 19, 1974.
1902:Franklin Delano Roosevelt Foundation
1742:Democratic National Convention, 1920
1542:Declaration by United Nations (1942)
1530:Combined Munitions Assignments Board
1175:National Labor Relations Act of 1935
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505:wore a light blue dress designed by
2714:Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt
1458:U.S. occupation of Haiti, 1915–1934
1260:Defense industry non-discrimination
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557:Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt
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245:Roosevelt's landslide victory over
222:prescribed date of March 4, as the
102:32nd president of the United States
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1907:Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial
1895:Roosevelt Institute Campus Network
1265:Fair Employment Practice Committee
1233:Securities and Exchange Commission
1165:Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act
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114:Chief Justice of the United States
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2719:Speeches by Franklin D. Roosevelt
1475:Second London Naval Treaty (1936)
1312:Executive Office of the President
1226:Federal Communications Commission
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1648:State of the Union Address (1934
1465:Good Neighbor Policy (1933–1945)
1190:National Recovery Administration
358:Problems playing this file? See
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2030:World War II: When Lions Roared
1885:Presidential Library and Museum
1160:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944
1038:Assistant Secretary of the Navy
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2615:G. H. W. Bush (1989)
1525:Home front during World War II
1019:President of the United States
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547:Causes of the Great Depression
189:president of the United States
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2130:Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.
2022:Backstairs at the White House
1694:Early life, education, career
1371:Federal Judicial appointments
1202:National Youth Administration
1197:Works Progress Administration
582:
1732:1928 New York state election
1673:1944 (Second Bill of Rights)
1597:Madison Square Garden speech
1470:Montevideo Convention (1933)
1351:Jefferson's Birthday holiday
1290:Japanese American internment
516:
7:
2536:F. D. Roosevelt (1945)
2531:F. D. Roosevelt (1941)
2526:F. D. Roosevelt (1937)
2521:F. D. Roosevelt (1933)
2136:John Aspinwall Roosevelt II
1361:Judicial Court-Packing Bill
1300:Italian-American internment
1185:Public Works Administration
1150:Agricultural Adjustment Act
1145:Civilian Conservation Corps
911:Rhetoric and Public Affairs
540:
453:policy of the good neighbor
272:presidential oath of office
10:
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2347:W. H. Harrison (1841)
1924:White House Roosevelt Room
1505:1940 Selective Service Act
1428:Presidential Proclamations
1295:German-American internment
1221:Communications Act of 1934
1170:Tennessee Valley Authority
447:After touching briefly on
255:1932 presidential election
2704:1933 in American politics
2681:*Intra-term inaugurations
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1554:World War II conferences
1285:War Relocation Authority
856:"From Ghetto to Glamour"
2327:J. Q. Adams (1825)
1569:Morgenthau Plan support
1515:Atlantic Charter (1941)
1238:Monetary gold ownership
710:www.presidency.ucsb.edu
511:Smithsonian Institution
289:. Published in 1686 in
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2646:G. W. Bush (2005)
2641:G. W. Bush (2001)
2112:Anna Roosevelt Halsted
1699:Warm Springs Institute
1642:The More Abundant Life
1587:1932 Acceptance speech
1338:Four Freedoms Monument
1277:Executive Orders 9066,
1255:Record on civil rights
1103:Third and fourth terms
1098:First and second terms
1046:New York State Senator
641:www.thoreausociety.org
617:. United States Senate
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57:; 91 years ago
31:considered for merging
2014:The White House Years
2000:Sunrise at Campobello
1936:Franklin D. Roosevelt
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1155:Emergency Banking Act
1004:Franklin D. Roosevelt
800:Houck, Davis (2002).
527:Emergency Banking Act
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205:Franklin D. Roosevelt
193:United States Capitol
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74:United States Capitol
2008:Eleanor and Franklin
1668:1941 (Four Freedoms)
1614:Arsenal of Democracy
1609:Day of Infamy speech
1535:War Production Board
1030:Governor of New York
268:Charles Evans Hughes
140:— Administering oath
118:— Administering oath
110:Charles Evans Hughes
2478:T. Roosevelt (1905)
2471:T. Roosevelt (1901)
2046:Hyde Park on Hudson
1992:The Roosevelt Story
1981:I'd Rather Be Right
1970:U.S. Postage stamps
1964:Unfinished portrait
1950:Four Freedoms Award
1890:Roosevelt Institute
1619:"...is fear itself"
1322:Cullen–Harrison Act
1317:G.I. Bill of Rights
1209:Social Security Act
335:Fear Itself excerpt
274:. Roosevelt wore a
39:
2439:B. Harrison (1889)
2118:James Roosevelt II
2095: •
1917:Four Freedoms Park
1485:Export Control Act
1408:Modern Oval Office
1356:Jefferson Memorial
1307:Brownlow Committee
1123:New Deal coalition
601:2005-08-17 at the
531:First Hundred Days
465:Rhetorical aspects
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236:Nelson Rockefeller
199:This was the 37th
178:
169:Roosevelt next to
55:March 4, 1933
37:
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2559:Eisenhower (1957)
2554:Eisenhower (1953)
2399:A. Johnson (1865)
2276:Washington (1793)
2271:Washington (1789)
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2222:
2200:Harry S. Truman →
2166:Warren Delano Jr.
2142:James Roosevelt I
2124:Elliott Roosevelt
2106:Eleanor Roosevelt
1849:Paralytic illness
1636:Quarantine Speech
834:National Archives
552:Great Contraction
501:Roosevelt's wife
449:foreign relations
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270:administered the
209:John Nance Garner
207:as president and
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129:— Assuming office
123:John Nance Garner
105:— Assuming office
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2193:← Herbert Hoover
2056:2014 documentary
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2666:Biden (2021)
2661:Trump (2017)
2656:Obama (2013)
2651:Obama (2009)
2634:21st century
2587:Nixon (1973)
2582:Nixon (1969)
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2458:20th century
2416:Hayes (1877)
2411:Grant (1873)
2406:Grant (1869)
2353:Tyler (1841)
2290:19th century
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1687:Other events
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1564:Europe first
1438:Presidential
1413:Official car
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1327:Roerich Pact
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888:. Retrieved
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863:. Retrieved
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201:inauguration
181:
179:
139:
128:
117:
104:
95:Participants
85:Organized by
24:
2593:Ford (1974)
2483:Taft (1909)
2360:Polk (1845)
1854:Top Cottage
1832:Adams House
1448:Banana Wars
1048:(1911–1913)
1040:(1913–1920)
1032:(1929–1932)
1021:(1933–1945)
885:cbsnews.com
489:Close aide
20:‹ The
2693:Categories
2671:TBD (2025)
2114:(daughter)
1782:theme song
1500:Lend-Lease
1072:Transition
1058:Presidency
839:20 October
815:1585449865
715:2023-12-14
691:2023-12-14
646:2020-08-08
583:References
360:media help
282:, open to
249:incumbent
247:Republican
62:1933-03-04
2092:Roosevelt
1958:paintings
1944:Roosevelt
1837:FDR Suite
1724:Elections
1510:Hull note
1418:Criticism
931:1094-8392
923:1534-5238
517:Aftermath
29:is being
2214:Category
2150:(mother)
2144:(father)
1580:speeches
1118:overview
1113:New Deal
1063:timeline
939:41940292
599:Archived
541:See also
535:New Deal
523:Congress
369:new deal
243:Democrat
234:, until
171:his wife
70:Location
33:. ›
22:template
1880:Statues
1393:Cabinet
621:July 5,
533:of the
503:Eleanor
451:— "the
307:Thoreau
253:in the
230:in the
184:as the
60: (
2108:(wife)
2097:Delano
2088:Family
1987:Films
1868:Legacy
937:
929:
921:
812:
2178:Major
2138:(son)
2132:(son)
2126:(son)
2120:(son)
2010:1976,
1678:1945)
935:JSTOR
919:eISSN
291:Dutch
280:Bible
2172:Fala
2048:2012
2040:2005
2016:1977
2002:1960
1994:1947
1942:USS
1934:USS
1799:1944
1794:1940
1789:1936
1777:1932
1767:1944
1762:1940
1757:1936
1752:1932
1747:1924
1737:1930
1663:1940
1658:1939
1653:1938
1280:9102
1093:4th)
1027:44th
1016:32nd
927:ISSN
892:2019
867:2019
841:2013
810:ISBN
623:2021
186:32nd
180:The
173:and
155:1937
150:1929
52:Date
2070:FDR
1088:3rd
1083:2nd
1078:1st
211:as
195:in
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