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division of the Army
General Staff in Washington, D.C. Following the war, he replaced Brigadier General Billy Mitchell as Air Officer of the Army of Occupation in Germany, which his father-in-law, General Allen, commanded. While in Germany, Andrews received his permanent establishment promotion to major, Cavalry, when the National Defense Act of 1920 took effect on July 1, and then transferred in grade to the
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selection, Marshall's choice of
Andrews and his permanent promotion to brigadier general, prompted furious opposition from Woodring and others, over which Marshall prevailed after threatening to resign his new post. As Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations (G-3), he was in charge of readying the entire Army in the run-up to America's inevitable involvement in the war.
636:, commander of the Army Air Forces in World War II, expressed the belief that Andrews would have been given the command of the Allied invasion of Europe—the position that eventually went to General Eisenhower. General Marshall would say, late in life, that Andrews was the only general he had a chance to groom for a possible Supreme Allied Command later in the war.
704:(Leavenworth, Kansas) Andrews' chief of staff; Colonel Morrow Krum (Lake Forest, Illinois), press officer for the ETO; Lieutenant Colonel Fred A. Chapman (Grove Hill, Alabama) and Major Theodore C. Totman (Jamestown, New York), senior aides to Andrews; pilot Captain Robert H. Shannon (Washington, Iowa), of the
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during World War II. It was notable as having been the only renamed US airfield in the United
Kingdom during World War II. It was used by the USAAF 96th Bombardment Group (Heavy) and the 322nd Bombardment Group (Medium) during the war, and also by several RAF squadrons before being closed in 1946.
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in
October 1935. Craig, who opposed any mission for the Air Corps except that of supporting ground forces, and the Army General Staff, actively opposing a movement for a separate air force, disagreed with Andrews that the B-17 had proven its superiority as a bomber over all other types. Instead, it
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at the age of 34. As with nearly all mid-career officers detailed to the
Aviation Section, Andrews did not serve in France but as an administrator in the huge training establishment created to provide pilots. He commanded various training airfields in Texas and Florida and served in the war plans
438:
A story related in the press many times during
Andrews' lifetime claimed that General Allen forestalled the aeronautical aspirations of his future son-in-law by declaring that no daughter of his would marry a flyer. Andrews' service records, however, show that his commanding officer in the Second
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in San
Antonio, the same exile to which Billy Mitchell had been sent. Possibly expected to retire, he instead was recalled to Washington just four months later by Marshall after President Roosevelt named Marshall to serve as Chief of Staff following Craig's retirement. His first senior staff
719:, is on record as being the first heavy bomber in the 8th Air Force to complete 25 missions. The plane and its crew also flew 5 more before being pulled to go back to the United States. "Hot Stuff" flew the 25th mission on February 7, 1943, three and a half months before B-17 "
712:; Captain Joseph T. Johnson (Los Angeles); navigator Captain James E. Gott (Berea, Kentucky); Master Sergeant Lloyd C. "George" Weir (McRae, Arkansas); Technical Sergeant Kenneth A. Jeffers (Oriskany Falls, New York); and Staff Sergeant Paul H. McQueen (Endwell, New York).
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In
January 1939, after President Franklin D. Roosevelt had publicly called for a large expansion of the Air Corps, Andrews described the United States as a "sixth-rate airpower" at a speech to the National Aeronautic Association, antagonizing isolationist Secretary of War
593:, who was then assuring the public of U.S. air strength. At the end of Andrews' four-year term as Commanding General of GHQAF on March 1, he was not reappointed, reverted to his permanent rank of colonel, and was reassigned as air officer for the
1319:
Mueller, Robert, "Air Force Bases Volume 1: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of
America on 17 September 1982", United States Air Force Historical Research Center, Office of Air Force History, Washington, D.C., 1989,
700:, presiding Methodist bishop of North America, who was on a pastoral tour; Chaplains Colonel Frank L. Miller (Washington, D.C.) and Major Robert H. Humphrey (Lynchburg, Virginia), accompanying Bishop Leonard; Brigadier General
507:, Kansas. Promoted to lieutenant colonel, Andrews served as the chief of the Army Air Corps' Training and Operations Division in 1930–1931 before being replaced by the new Chief of the Air Corps, Major General
435:, in 1914, Andrews gained entrée into elite inner circles of Washington society and within the military. They were the parents of three children: Josephine (1914–1977), Allen (1917–2008), and Jean (b. 1923).
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Arnold was selected over
Andrews, who was senior, because he was the incumbent Assistant Chief of Air Corps, was well-qualified, and because Army Chief of Staff Craig threatened to resign if Arnold was not
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Andrews was the highest-ranking Allied officer to die in the line of duty to that time in the war. At the time of his death, he was Commanding General, United States Forces, European Theatre of Operations.
537:, which consolidated all the Army Air Corps' tactical units under a single commander. The Army promoted Andrews to brigadier general (temporary) and to major general (temporary) less than a year later.
723:", but as the B-24 was destroyed in the crash, the War Department chose to send the B-17 home and celebrate it as the second B-17 to complete 25 missions (the first B-17 to complete was Hell's Angel).
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had failed. Andrews was the first head of a centralized American air force and the first air officer to serve on the Army's general staff. In early 1943, he took the place of General
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on 4 February so that Eisenhower could give full attention to the North African-Mediterranean Theaters, with the upcoming invasions of Sicily and then Italy. In his memoirs, General
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696:(Iceland). Andrews and thirteen others died in the crash; only the tail gunner, Staff Sergeant George A. Eisel of Columbus, Ohio, survived. Others killed in the crash included
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in particular, General Andrews advocated the purchase of the B-17 in large numbers as the Army's standard bomber. MacArthur, however, was replaced as Chief of Staff by General
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Lieutenant General Andrews (in the middle) inspects a radio set at the Command Post of the Provisional Maneuver Force in Puerto Rico, November 1941. Next to him are generals:
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Copp, DeWitt S., "Forged In Fire", The Air Force Historical Foundation, Doubleday & Company, Garden City, New York, 1982, Library of Congress card number 81-43265,
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Pogue, Forrest C. George C. Marshall Interviews and Reminiscences for Forrest C. Pogue. Lexington, Virginia: George C. Marshall Research Foundation, 1991; pp. 565, 582.
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on the island. That same year he went to North Africa, where he spent three months in command of all United States forces in the Middle East from a base in Cairo.
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in January 1943, Lieutenant General Andrews was appointed commander of all United States forces in the European Theater of Operations, replacing
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cut back on planned purchases of B-17s to procure smaller but cheaper (and inferior) twin-engine light and medium bombers such as the
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in February 1914, a decision that held firm despite a plea from the Chief Signal Officer's for reconsideration by higher-ups.
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U.S. Army personnel remove bodies from the wreckage of Andrews' B-24 after it struck a mountainside in Iceland, May 1943.
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in September 1938, partly because of his aggressive support for strategic bombing. He became a trusted air adviser to
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he joined was smaller than that of Bulgaria, but it gave the young second lieutenant ample opportunities to play
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Andrews' pre–World War I personnel file: File #1139074, Record Group 94, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
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in the Office of the Chief Signal Officer between September 26, 1917, and April 25, 1918, Andrews went to
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Today, a small part of the former wartime airfield is still in use as a small private flying facility.
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Andrews was passed over for appointment as Chief of the Air Corps following the death of Major General
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of leadership. After marrying Jeannette "Johnny" Allen, the high-spirited daughter of Major General
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Andrews was killed in an airplane accident during an inspection tour in Iceland in 1943. He was the
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on June 12, 1906, assigned to the Philippines from October 1906 to May 1907, and then to
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1472:"Memphis Belle v B-24 Hot Stuff: How history came to celebrate the wrong WWII warbird"
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On May 3, 1943, during an inspection tour, Andrews was killed in the crash of the
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1468:(Lexington, VA: George C. Marshall Research Foundation, 1991), pp. 510, 582.
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At Naval Air Station Keflavik in Iceland, Andrews Theater was named after him.
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of defending the southern approaches to the United States, including the vital
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After returning to the United States in 1923, Andrews again assumed command of
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1403:"Angel Flight [Silver Wings] (Air Force ROTC Support Organization)"
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Cavalry vetoed his application for temporary aeronautical duty with the
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Biography from Wright-Patterson Air Force Base museum. Public domain.
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A vocal proponent of the four-engine heavy bomber in general and the
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George C. Marshall Interviews and Reminiscences for Forrest C. Pogue
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1289:"Toll in Iceland Accident Now 14; Storm Warning Went Unheeded,"
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United States Army Air Forces personnel killed in World War II
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Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
1158:"Biographical Data on Air Force General Officers, 1917-1952"
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United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
1188:"Colorful Career of Andrews, Native of Nashville, Recalled"
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Andrews graduated 42nd in his class and was commissioned a
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317:), in Louisiana, General Andrews Airport (demolished) in
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first of four lieutenant generals in the U.S. Army to die
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in 1933, Andrews returned to the General Staff in 1934.
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Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
499:, Virginia, and the following year he went to the Army
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and the great-great-nephew of two Tennessee governors,
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United States Army Air Forces generals of World War II
466:, California, for flying training. There, he earned a
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as part of its wartime expansion. After staff duty in
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Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Iceland
301:) is named after him, as well as Andrews Barracks (a
601:In 1940, Andrews assumed control of the Air Corps'
321:, Dominican Republic, Andrews Engineering Building
238:(February 3, 1884 – May 3, 1943) was a senior
1632:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1943
1572:Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents
689:peninsula after an aborted attempt to land at the
609:, which had the critically important duty during
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1359:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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1087:European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
1219:Who Was Who in American History, the Military
392:, Texas, and in 1916 received a promotion to
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1602:Honorary companions of the Order of the Bath
1582:Military personnel from Nashville, Tennessee
1341:. Archived from the original on July 9, 2006
1642:United States Army personnel of World War I
1221:. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who, 1975. P. 12
605:, and in 1941, he became commander of the
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1374:Creekmore, Betsey B. (November 4, 2018).
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30:For other people with similar names, see
1401:Creekmore, Betsey B. (October 2, 2018).
715:The B-24D Liberator that crashed, named
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526:In March 1935, Andrews was appointed by
423:between 1911 and 1913), and observe the
1515:Commanding General of U.S. Army Europe
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821:chapter are named in honor of Andrews.
309:, Germany), Frank Andrews Boulevard at
266:as commander of all U.S. troops in the
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1612:United States Army Air Forces generals
1577:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
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824:In 1986, Andrews was enshrined in the
811:University of Tennessee Air Force ROTC
519:, Michigan. After graduation from the
1622:United States Military Academy alumni
254:. In leadership positions within the
27:United States Army Air Forces general
1165:Air Force Historical Research Agency
535:General Headquarters (GHQ) Air Force
450:, Andrews was promoted to temporary
1491:Frank M. Andrews: Marshall's Airman
1409:. University of Tennessee Libraries
1382:. University of Tennessee Libraries
1256:Frank M. Andrews: Marshall's Airman
1063:Army of Occupation of Germany Medal
761:, located a few miles southeast of
456:Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps
166:U.S. Army Forces in the Middle East
24:
1186:Le May, Francis M. (May 5, 1943).
801:Ninoy Aquino International Airport
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1482:
1478: (archived December 10, 2014)
1429:"Enshrinee Frank Maxwell Andrews"
468:rating of Junior Military Aviator
277:during the war, the others being
1607:Officers of the Legion of Honour
1557:Air Corps Tactical School alumni
1027:Army Distinguished Service Medal
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743:), for him on February 7, 1945.
501:Command and General Staff School
446:After the United States entered
311:Alexandria International Airport
250:, which was later to become the
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206:Army Distinguished Service Medal
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361:in 1901 and graduated from the
357:. He graduated from the city's
246:and one of the founders of the
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1196:. Washington. AP. pp. 1,
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1068:American Defense Service Medal
826:National Aviation Hall of Fame
557:Later career, and World War II
483:Air Service and Air Corps duty
363:United States Military Academy
268:European Theater of Operations
178:General Headquarters Air Force
162:European Theater of Operations
13:
1:
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1047:with bronze oak leaf cluster
248:United States Army Air Forces
134:United States Army Air Forces
533:to command the newly formed
411:, see the world (serving as
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1597:Recipients of the Air Medal
1339:"USAF People - USAF Museum"
1207:– via Newspapers.com.
748:Arlington National Cemetery
729:Camp Springs Army Air Field
658:Arlington National Cemetery
475:, which the Act had made a
109:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
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1455:November 27, 2005, at the
1097:World War II Victory Medal
1037:Distinguished Flying Cross
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706:330th Bombardment Squadron
479:of the Army, on August 6.
337:Early life and World War I
283:Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr.
211:Distinguished Flying Cross
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1518:4 February – 3 May 1943
1254:Copp, DeWitt S. (2003),
1217:Marquis Who's Who, Inc.
1156:Fogerty, Robert (1953).
795:, a road leading to the
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511:. He then commanded the
1567:Aviators from Tennessee
1552:Aerial warfare pioneers
1114:Order of Abdon CalderĂłn
1078:American Campaign Medal
691:Royal Air Force Station
365:at West Point in 1906.
359:Montgomery Bell Academy
252:United States Air Force
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603:Panama Canal Air Force
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347:Nathan Bedford Forrest
315:England Air Force Base
299:Andrews Air Force Base
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765:and the home base of
746:Andrews is buried at
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626:Casablanca Conference
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236:Frank Maxwell Andrews
140:Years of service
43:Frank Maxwell Andrews
1509:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1433:nationalaviation.org
1376:"Arnold Air Society"
702:Charles H. Barth Jr.
671:B-24D-1-CO Liberator
630:Dwight D. Eisenhower
567:James Lawton Collins
542:B-17 Flying Fortress
417:Montgomery M. Macomb
398:Plattsburgh Barracks
343:Nashville, Tennessee
323:Eglin Air Force Base
264:Dwight D. Eisenhower
79:Nashville, Tennessee
698:Adna Wright Leonard
528:Army Chief of Staff
509:Benjamin D. Foulois
433:Henry Tureman Allen
1081:with service star
815:Arnold Air Society
759:Joint Base Andrews
741:Joint Base Andrews
681:, England, on Mt.
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656:Andrews' grave at
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583:George C. Marshall
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405:United States Army
291:Joint Base Andrews
244:United States Army
152:Lieutenant General
130:United States Army
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1521:Succeeded by
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1103:Order of the Bath
1101:Companion of the
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595:Eighth Corps Area
531:Douglas MacArthur
513:1st Pursuit Group
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370:second lieutenant
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16:(Redirected from
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382:first lieutenant
279:Lesley J. McNair
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174:Panama Air Force
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1073:service star
1030:with bronze
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819:Silver Wings
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429:low politics
413:aide-de-camp
402:
400:, New York.
367:
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313:(the former
272:
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196:World War II
188:Battles/wars
91:(1943-05-03)
36:
1547:1943 deaths
1542:1884 births
1438:January 20,
1171:November 9,
797:Philippines
694:Kaldadarnes
546:Malin Craig
489:Kelly Field
473:Air Service
448:World War I
415:to General
386:2nd Cavalry
374:8th Cavalry
192:World War I
89:May 3, 1943
58:Nickname(s)
1536:Categories
1245:appointed.
1227:0837932017
1143:References
477:combat arm
390:Fort Bliss
297:(formerly
116:Allegiance
72:1884-02-03
1407:Volopedia
1380:Volopedia
1328:, page 5.
1234:657162692
1203:August 1,
1118:(Ecuador)
1044:Air Medal
717:Hot Stuff
687:Reykjanes
673:, of the
666:Hot Stuff
222:Signature
215:Air Medal
143:1906–1943
99:, Iceland
1453:Archived
1355:cite web
1135:(Panama)
1128:(France)
733:Maryland
341:Born in
295:Maryland
158:Commands
124:Service/
1474:at the
1413:July 1,
1386:July 1,
1345:July 9,
782:England
739:(later
685:on the
677:out of
624:At the
394:captain
384:in the
372:in the
303:kaserne
242:of the
240:officer
1493:(2003)
1324:
1306:
1232:
1225:
831:Awards
754:Legacy
619:attack
421:Hawaii
307:Berlin
202:Awards
126:branch
104:Buried
95:Mount
61:"Andy"
1161:(PDF)
1071:with
778:Essex
776:, in
640:Death
452:major
388:, at
331:Pasay
1440:2023
1415:2023
1388:2023
1361:link
1347:2006
1322:ISBN
1304:ISBN
1230:OCLC
1223:ISBN
1205:2022
1173:2021
809:The
669:, a
569:and
427:and
425:high
409:polo
403:The
353:and
285:and
148:Rank
86:Died
66:Born
1267:in
813:'s
515:at
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208:(2)
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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