3771:
62:
5167:
6265:
5327:
4450:
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2579:
6034:
3275:
82:
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1794:
4907:
53:
353:
2732:
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resources to Japan. In exchange, Japan promised not to launch any attacks in
Southeast Asia and to withdraw its forces from southern Indochina. The American counter-proposal of 26 November required that Japan evacuate all of China without conditions and conclude non-aggression pacts with all Pacific powers. That meant Japan was essentially forced to choose between abandoning its ambitions in China, or seizing the natural resources it needed in the Dutch East Indies by force; the Japanese military did not consider the former an option, and many officers considered the oil embargo an unspoken declaration of war.
1948:
365:
11848:" The principal cause of Japan's surrender was the ability of the United States to increase the military vulnerability of Japan's home islands, persuading Japanese leaders that defense of the homeland was highly unlikely to succeed. The key military factor causing this effect was the sea blockade, which crippled Japan's ability to produce and equip the forces necessary to execute its strategy. The most important factor accounting for the timing of surrender was the Soviet attack against Manchuria, largely because it persuaded previously adamant Army leaders that the homeland could not be defended.".
413:
102:
3401:
93:
425:
437:
9964:, p. 5, calls attention to the fact that "the Allied struggle against Japan exposed the racist underpinnings of the European and American colonial structure. Japan did not invade independent countries in southern Asia. It invaded colonial outposts which the Westerners had dominated for generations, taking absolutely for granted their racial and cultural superiority over their Asian subjects." Dower goes on to note that, before the horrors of Japanese occupation made themselves felt, many Asians responded favourably to the victories of the Imperial Japanese forces.
3930:
389:
4319:
3555:
5491:
4743:
2868:
24464:
377:
4210:
5751:
6241:
2178:
6127:
6577:
2321:
5853:
5715:. By contrast, the United Kingdom was in a state of economic ruin, and although receiving a quarter of the total Marshall Plan assistance, more than any other European country, it continued in relative economic decline for decades. The Soviet Union, despite enormous human and material losses, also experienced rapid increase in production in the immediate post-war era, having seized and transferred most of Germany's industrial plants and exacted
3663:
4605:
3869:, China, Australia, and several other states to formally declare war on Japan, whereas the Soviet Union, being heavily involved in large-scale hostilities with European Axis countries, maintained its neutrality agreement with Japan. Germany, followed by the other Axis states, declared war on the United States in solidarity with Japan, citing as justification the American attacks on German war vessels that had been ordered by Roosevelt.
6356:
2972:
8183:, p. 128, observes that, while it is true that Poland was far away, making it difficult for the French and British to provide support, "ew Western historians of World War II ... know that the British had committed to bomb Germany if it attacked Poland, but did not do so except for one raid on the base of Wilhelmshaven. The French, who committed to attacking Germany in the west, had no intention of doing so."
73:
7506:: "Although some Chinese troops in the Northeast managed to retreat south, others were trapped by the advancing Japanese Army and were faced with the choice of resistance in defiance of orders, or surrender. A few commanders submitted, receiving high office in the puppet government, but others took up arms against the invader. The forces they commanded were the first of the volunteer armies."
3755:, but negotiations for additional access to their resources ended in failure in June 1941. In July 1941 Japan sent troops to southern Indochina, thus threatening British and Dutch possessions in the Far East. The United States, the United Kingdom, and other Western governments reacted to this move with a freeze on Japanese assets and a total oil embargo. At the same time, Japan was
6388:
Axis powers (Germany and Italy); including colonies, the Allies had more than a 5:1 advantage in population and a nearly 2:1 advantage in GDP. In Asia at the same time, China had roughly six times the population of Japan but only an 89 percent higher GDP; this reduces to three times the population and only a 38 percent higher GDP if
Japanese colonies are included.
9473:, pp. 213–214, notes that "Zhukov had pushed the Germans back where they had launched Operation Typhoon two months before. ... Only Stalin's decision to attack all along the front instead of concentrating his forces in an all-out assault against the retreating German Army Group Centre prevented the disaster from being even worse."
2864:. On 6 October, Hitler made a public peace overture to the United Kingdom and France but said that the future of Poland was to be determined exclusively by Germany and the Soviet Union. The proposal was rejected and Hitler ordered an immediate offensive against France, which was postponed until the spring of 1940 due to bad weather.
4189:, though the latter failed disastrously. By early February 1943, the German Army had taken tremendous losses; German troops at Stalingrad had been defeated, and the front-line had been pushed back beyond its position before the summer offensive. In mid-February, after the Soviet push had tapered off, the Germans launched another
3271:, but the attack was repulsed with heavy Italian casualties; the campaign ended within months with minor territorial changes. To assist Italy and prevent Britain from gaining a foothold, Germany prepared to invade the Balkans, which would threaten Romanian oil fields and strike against British dominance of the Mediterranean.
5965:. The exact number of German women and girls raped by Soviet troops during the war and occupation is uncertain, but historians estimate their numbers are likely in the hundreds of thousands, and possibly as many as two million, while figures for women raped by German soldiers in the Soviet Union go as far as ten million.
5369:. In Austria, however, occupation continued until 1955, when a joint settlement between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union permitted the reunification of Austria as a democratic state officially non-aligned with any political bloc (although in practice having better relations with the Western Allies). A
6656:, short-ranged infantry antitank weapons, and other tanks were used. Even with large-scale mechanisation, infantry remained the backbone of all forces, and throughout the war, most infantry were equipped similarly to World War I. The portable machine gun spread, a notable example being the German
6873:
using Soviet-dominated joint enterprises. The USSR also instituted trading arrangements deliberately designed to favour the country. Moscow controlled the
Communist parties that ruled the satellite states, and they followed orders from the Kremlin. Historian Mark Kramer concludes: "The net outflow of
6387:
In Europe, before the outbreak of the war, the Allies had significant advantages in both population and economics. In 1938, the
Western Allies (United Kingdom, France, Poland and the British Dominions) had a 30 percent larger population and a 30 percent higher gross domestic product than the European
5765:
The Soviet Union alone lost around 27 million people during the war, including 8.7 million military and 19 million civilian deaths. A quarter of the total people in the Soviet Union were wounded or killed. Germany sustained 5.3 million military losses, mostly on the
Eastern Front
4029:
in China, with the goal of inflicting retribution on the
Chinese who aided the surviving American airmen in the Doolittle Raid by destroying Chinese air bases and fighting against the Chinese 23rd and 32nd Army Groups. In early June, Japan put its operations into action, but the Americans had broken
3908:
on
Germany through France. The Soviets demanded a second front. The British argued that military operations should target peripheral areas to wear out German strength, leading to increasing demoralisation, and bolstering resistance forces; Germany itself would be subject to a heavy bombing campaign.
14041:
mineral raw materials are the basis of industrial power, and this in turn is the basis of military power. England and the United States of
America alone control economic proportions of nearly three-fourths of the world's production of minerals. Not less important, they control the seas over which
7277:
Subtitle: "Moscow, October 19. (UP) – Following are the texts of a Soviet–Japanese peace declaration and of a trade protocol between the two countries, signed here today, in unofficial translation from the
Russian". Quote: "The state of war between the U.S.S.R. and Japan ends on the day the present
3762:
Since early 1941, the United States and Japan had been engaged in negotiations in an attempt to improve their strained relations and end the war in China. During these negotiations, Japan advanced a number of proposals which were dismissed by the
Americans as inadequate. At the same time the United
11341:
The coup speeded the Red Army's advance, and the Soviet Union later awarded Michael the Order of Victory for his courage in overthrowing Antonescu and putting an end to Romania's war against the Allies. Western historians uniformly point out that the Communists played only a supporting role in the
3920:
of their enemies. The British and Americans agreed to continue to press the initiative in the Mediterranean by invading Sicily to fully secure the Mediterranean supply routes. Although the British argued for further operations in the Balkans to bring Turkey into the war, in May 1943, the Americans
3617:
was renewed; after two months of fierce battles in increasingly harsh weather, the German army almost reached the outer suburbs of Moscow, where the exhausted troops were forced to suspend the offensive. Large territorial gains were made by Axis forces, but their campaign had failed to achieve its
6635:
with increases in speed, armour and firepower. At the start of the war, most commanders thought enemy tanks should be met by tanks with superior specifications. This idea was challenged by the poor performance of the relatively light early tank guns against armour, and German doctrine of avoiding
6391:
The United States produced about two-thirds of all munitions used by the Allies in World War II, including warships, transports, warplanes, artillery, tanks, trucks, and ammunition. Although the Allies' economic and population advantages were largely mitigated during the initial rapid blitzkrieg
3817:
to the Emperor. On 5 November, Hirohito approved in imperial conference the operations plan for the war. On 20 November, the new government presented an interim proposal as its final offer. It called for the end of American aid to China and for lifting the embargo on the supply of oil and other
2542:
Although all of Germany's stated demands had been satisfied by the agreement, privately Hitler was furious that British interference had prevented him from seizing all of Czechoslovakia in one operation. In subsequent speeches Hitler attacked British and Jewish "war-mongers" and in January 1939
6328:
frequently turned local public opinion against them. During Japan's initial conquest, it captured 4,000,000 barrels (640,000 m) of oil (~550,000 tonnes) left behind by retreating Allied forces; and by 1943, was able to get production in the Dutch East Indies up to 50 million barrels
3821:
Japan planned to seize European colonies in Asia to create a large defensive perimeter stretching into the Central Pacific. The Japanese would then be free to exploit the resources of Southeast Asia while exhausting the over-stretched Allies by fighting a defensive war. To prevent American
3422:
With the situation in Europe and Asia relatively stable, Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union made preparations for war. With the Soviets wary of mounting tensions with Germany, and the Japanese planning to take advantage of the European War by seizing resource-rich European possessions in
3191:. Still, a large majority of the American public continued to oppose any direct military intervention in the conflict well into 1941. In December 1940, Roosevelt accused Hitler of planning world conquest and ruled out any negotiations as useless, calling for the United States to become an "
3451:
to determine if the Soviet Union would join the pact. The Soviets showed some interest but asked for concessions from Finland, Bulgaria, Turkey, and Japan that Germany considered unacceptable. On 18 December 1940, Hitler issued the directive to prepare for an invasion of the Soviet Union.
3434:
Hitler believed that the United Kingdom's refusal to end the war was based on the hope that the United States and the Soviet Union would enter the war against Germany sooner or later. On 31 July 1940, Hitler decided that the Soviet Union should be eliminated and aimed for the conquest of
13101:"Human Losses of the Croats in World War II and the Immediate Post-War Period Caused by the Chetniks (Yugoslav Army in the Fatherand) and the Partisans (People's Liberation Army and the Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia/Yugoslav Army) and the Communist Authorities: Numerical Indicators"
4403:, thereby dispelling any chance of German victory or even stalemate in the east. The Soviet victory at Kursk marked the end of German superiority, giving the Soviet Union the initiative on the Eastern Front. The Germans tried to stabilise their eastern front along the hastily fortified
4388:. Within a week, German forces had exhausted themselves against the Soviets' well-constructed defences, and for the first time in the war, Hitler cancelled an operation before it had achieved tactical or operational success. This decision was partially affected by the Western Allies'
5876:, civilian deaths are between 10 million and 20 million, whereas Chinese military casualties (killed and wounded) are estimated to be over five million. Other estimates say that up to 30 million people, most of them civilians, were killed. The most infamous Japanese atrocity was the
3909:
An offensive against Germany would then be launched primarily by Allied armour, without using large-scale armies. Eventually, the British persuaded the Americans that a landing in France was infeasible in 1942 and they should instead focus on driving the Axis out of North Africa.
15337:
7025:
9378:, p. 26: "By 1 November had lost fully 20% of its committed strength (686,000 men), up to 2/3 of its ½ million motor vehicles, and 65 percent of its tanks. The German Army High Command (OKH) rated its 136 divisions as equivalent to 83 full-strength divisions."
6260:
of industrial products, military equipment, raw materials and other goods. Thus, the income from occupied nations was over 40 percent of the income Germany collected from taxation, a figure which increased to nearly 40 percent of total German income as the war went on.
6180:
found the death rate of Western prisoners was 27 percent (for American POWs, 37 percent), seven times that of POWs under the Germans and Italians. While 37,583 prisoners from the UK, 28,500 from the Netherlands, and 14,473 from the United States were released after the
14100:
By producing nearly two thirds of the munitions used by Allied forces – including huge numbers of aircraft, ships, tanks, trucks, rifles, artillery shells, and bombs – American industry became what President Franklin D. Roosevelt once called 'the arsenal of democracy'
2666:
for the Soviet Union), and raised the question of continuing Polish independence. The pact neutralised the possibility of Soviet opposition to a campaign against Poland and assured that Germany would not have to face the prospect of a two-front war, as it had in World
1919:, was created. The interwar period saw strife between supporters of the new republic and hardline opponents on both the political right and left. Italy, as an Entente ally, had made some post-war territorial gains; however, Italian nationalists were angered that the
7265:
2671:
I. Immediately afterwards, Hitler ordered the attack to proceed on 26 August, but upon hearing that the United Kingdom had concluded a formal mutual assistance pact with Poland and that Italy would maintain neutrality, he decided to delay it.
2252:. The United Kingdom and France supported imposing sanctions on Italy for the invasion, but the sanctions were not fully enforced and failed to end the Italian invasion. Italy subsequently dropped its objections to Germany's goal of absorbing
6874:
resources from eastern Europe to the Soviet Union was approximately $ 15 billion to $ 20 billion in the first decade after World War II, an amount roughly equal to the total aid provided by the United States to western Europe under the
3708:
by both sides, by 1940 the war between China and Japan was at a stalemate. To increase pressure on China by blocking supply routes, and to better position Japanese forces in the event of a war with the Western powers, Japan invaded and
4008:
and thus sever communications and supply lines between the United States and Australia. The planned invasion was thwarted when an Allied task force, centred on two American fleet carriers, fought Japanese naval forces to a draw in the
11686:
1945: In the single deadliest air raid of World War II, 330 American B-29s rain incendiary bombs on Tokyo, touching off a firestorm that kills upwards of 100,000 people, burns a quarter of the city to the ground, and leaves a million
15351:
2645:
with Germany, after tripartite negotiations for a military alliance between France, the United Kingdom, and Soviet Union had stalled. This pact had a secret protocol that defined German and Soviet "spheres of influence" (western
2278:. Italy supported the Nationalists to a greater extent than the Nazis: Mussolini sent more than 70,000 ground troops, 6,000 aviation personnel, and 720 aircraft to Spain. The Soviet Union supported the existing government of the
4940:. By 16 January 1945, this offensive had been repulsed with no strategic objectives fulfilled. In Italy, the Western Allies remained stalemated at the German defensive line. In mid-January 1945, the Red Army attacked in Poland,
9916:, p. 26: "The United States cut off oil exports to Japan in the summer of 1941, forcing Japanese leaders to choose between going to war to seize the oil fields of the Netherlands East Indies or giving in to U.S. pressure."
6210:(Japanese: "manual labourers"), were forced to work by the Japanese military. About 270,000 of these Javanese labourers were sent to other Japanese-held areas in Southeast Asia, and only 52,000 were repatriated to Java.
1939:
agenda that abolished representative democracy, repressed socialist, left-wing, and liberal forces, and pursued an aggressive expansionist foreign policy aimed at making Italy a world power, promising the creation of a
6627:, which had been used predominantly for infantry support in the First World War, had evolved into the primary weapon. In the late 1930s, tank design was considerably more advanced than it had been during World War
7330:
1700:, who stated that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously, and the two wars became World War II in 1941. Other proposed starting dates for World War II include the
6408:
contributed significantly. Additionally, neither Germany nor Japan planned to fight a protracted war, and had not equipped themselves to do so. To improve their production, Germany and Japan used millions of
27181:
7260:
2957:, with a course set towards the Axis in the hopes of a German guarantee. Meanwhile, German-Soviet political relations and economic co-operation gradually stalled, and both states began preparations for war.
3214:. The Tripartite Pact stipulated that any country—with the exception of the Soviet Union—that attacked any Axis Power would be forced to go to war against all three. The Axis expanded in November 1940 when
13405:
Kużniar-Plota, Małgorzata (30 November 2004). "Decision to commence investigation into Katyn Massacre". Departmental Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation. Retrieved 4 August
10030:, p. 155, Churchill stated: "Russian declaration of war on Japan would be greatly to our advantage, provided, but only provided, that Russians are confident that will not impair their Western Front."
8354:
Blitzkrieg: From the Rise of Hitler to the Fall of Dunkirk, L Deighton, Jonathan Cape, 1993, pp. 186–187. Deighton states that "the offensive was postponed twenty-nine times before it finally took place."
3447:. However, other senior German officials like Ribbentrop saw an opportunity to create a Euro-Asian bloc against the British Empire by inviting the Soviet Union into the Tripartite Pact. In November 1940,
1430:
World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the world, and it set the foundation of international relations for the rest of the 20th century and into the 21st century. The
21191:
17786:
5243:
The call for unconditional surrender was rejected by the Japanese government, which believed it would be capable of negotiating for more favourable surrender terms. In early August, the United States
2765:. The United Kingdom responded with an ultimatum for Germany to cease military operations, and on 3 September, after the ultimatum was ignored, Britain and France declared war on Germany. During the
5668:, and by 1950 its gross domestic product per person was much higher than that of any of the other powers, and it dominated the world economy. The Allied occupational authorities pursued a policy of
3763:
States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands engaged in secret discussions for the joint defence of their territories, in the event of a Japanese attack against any of them. Roosevelt reinforced
2691:
in which the German minority would vote on secession. The Poles refused to comply with the German demands, and on the night of 30–31 August in a confrontational meeting with the British ambassador
4084:. Guadalcanal soon became a focal point for both sides with heavy commitments of troops and ships in the battle for Guadalcanal. By the start of 1943, the Japanese were defeated on the island and
3056:
rapidly advanced to the Channel and cut off the Allied forces in Belgium, trapping the bulk of the Allied armies in a cauldron on the Franco-Belgian border near Lille. The United Kingdom was able
6256:) Germany established economic policies through which it collected roughly 69.5 billion reichsmarks (27.8 billion U.S. dollars) by the end of the war; this figure does not include the
3696:. In 1939, the United States notified Japan that it would not be extending its trade treaty and American public opinion opposing Japanese expansionism led to a series of economic sanctions—the
2675:
In response to British requests for direct negotiations to avoid war, Germany made demands on Poland, which served as a pretext to worsen relations. On 29 August, Hitler demanded that a Polish
2290:
as an opportunity to test in combat their most advanced weapons and tactics. The Nationalists won the civil war in April 1939; Franco, now dictator, remained officially neutral during World War
3826:
and the American military presence in the Philippines from the outset. On 7 December 1941 (8 December in Asian time zones), Japan attacked British and American holdings with near-simultaneous
18043:
Lee, En-han (2002). "The Nanking Massacre Reassessed: A Study of the Sino-Japanese Controversy over the Factual Number of Massacred Victims". In Robert Sabella; Fei Fei Li; David Liu (eds.).
5353:, both initially divided between western and eastern occupation zones controlled by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, respectively. However, their paths soon diverged. In Germany, the
7127:
27201:
11302:
3080:
2531:, which was made against the wishes of the Czechoslovak government, in exchange for a promise of no further territorial demands. Soon afterwards, Germany and Italy forced Czechoslovakia to
7297:
6636:
tank-versus-tank combat. This, along with Germany's use of combined arms, were among the key elements of their highly successful blitzkrieg tactics across Poland and France. Many means of
6914:
4534:
5626:
between 1945 and 1948. Separate republics emerged on both sides of the 38th parallel in 1948, each claiming to be the legitimate government for all of Korea, which led ultimately to the
4588:
of China aimed to destroy China's main fighting forces, secure railways between Japanese-held territory and capture Allied airfields. By June, the Japanese had conquered the province of
4557:, which were repulsed by the Axis troops. The Allied offensives in Italy had succeeded and, at the expense of allowing several German divisions to retreat, Rome was captured on 4 June.
2381:
1632:
4487:, while the latter included agreement that the Western Allies would invade Europe in 1944 and that the Soviet Union would declare war on Japan within three months of Germany's defeat.
5664:
The global economy suffered heavily from the war, although participating nations were affected differently. The United States emerged much richer than any other nation, leading to a
2903:
2029:
was required to go through the bureaucracy of the League of Nations, which rendered it essentially toothless. The United States, concerned with events in Europe and Asia, passed the
20344:
Steury, Donald P. (1987). "Naval Intelligence, the Atlantic Campaign and the Sinking of the Bismarck: A Study in the Integration of Intelligence into the Conduct of Naval Warfare".
10039:
6396:. While the Allies' ability to out-produce the Axis was partly due to more access to natural resources, other factors, such as Germany and Japan's reluctance to employ women in the
2452:, which emphasised Japan's expansion northward, was favoured by the Imperial Army during this time. This policy would prove difficult to maintain in light of the Japanese defeat at
6997:
2422:
by October. Japanese military victories did not bring about the collapse of Chinese resistance that Japan had hoped to achieve; instead, the Chinese government relocated inland to
13026:
5672:
from 1945 to 1948. Due to international trade interdependencies, this policy led to an economic stagnation in Europe and delayed European recovery from the war for several years.
13509:
Zur Debatte um die Ausstellung Vernichtungskrieg. Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941–1944 im Kieler Landeshaus (Debate on the War of Extermination. Crimes of the Wehrmacht, 1941–1944)
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5758:
Estimates for the total number of casualties in the war vary, because many deaths went unrecorded. Most suggest that some 60 million people died in the war, including about
13698:
1887:
had emerged in several European states. These sentiments were especially marked in Germany because of the significant territorial, colonial, and financial losses imposed by the
5267:, which was the largest Japanese fighting force. These two events persuaded previously adamant Imperial Army leaders to accept surrender terms. The Red Army also captured the
4232:, and reclaimed all the gains the Germans and Italians had made. The Germans also launched a North African offensive in January, pushing the British back to positions at the
3969:
was eventually captured in May 1942, forcing its government into exile. On 16 April, in Burma, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the
1627:
27166:
14735:
6534:
due to the relatively low cost of aircraft and because they are not required to be as heavily armoured. Submarines, which had proved to be an effective weapon during the
6165:. By the end of the war, most Soviet POWs liberated from Nazi camps and many repatriated civilians were detained in special filtration camps where they were subjected to
3199:
programmes of military and humanitarian aid to support the British war effort; Lend-Lease was later extended to the other Allies, including the Soviet Union after it was
23035:
6104:
6080:
3523:. During the summer, the Axis made significant gains into Soviet territory, inflicting immense losses in both personnel and materiel. By mid-August, however, the German
1435:
was established to foster international cooperation and prevent conflicts, with the victorious great powers—China, France, the Soviet Union, the UK, and the US—becoming
22780:
12286:
7320:
25105:
22381:
13722:
J. Arch Getty, Gábor T. Rittersporn and Viktor N. Zemskov. Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-War Years: A First Approach on the Basisof Archival Evidence.
8321:
Nuremberg Documents C-62/GB86, a directive from Hitler in October 1939 which concludes: "The attack is to be launched this Autumn if conditions are at all possible."
5880:, in which fifty to three hundred thousand Chinese civilians were raped and murdered. Mitsuyoshi Himeta reported that 2.7 million casualties occurred during the
3700:—which banned U.S. exports of chemicals, minerals and military parts to Japan, and increased economic pressure on the Japanese regime. During 1939 Japan launched its
24673:
24386:
22397:
13143:
4236:
by early February, followed by a temporary lull in combat which Germany used to prepare for their upcoming offensives. Concerns that the Japanese might use bases in
3298:. The offensives were successful; by early February 1941, Italy had lost control of eastern Libya, and large numbers of Italian troops had been taken prisoner. The
1735:
The exact date of the war's end also is not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 15 August 1945 (
5456:
4796:
against the occupation since 1941, controlled much of the territory of Yugoslavia and engaged in delaying efforts against German forces further south. In northern
1436:
22724:
7240:
6392:
attacks of Germany and Japan, they became the decisive factor by 1942, after the United States and Soviet Union joined the Allies and the war evolved into one of
4430:
that were in many places without superior orders, seizing military control of Italian areas, and creating a series of defensive lines. German special forces then
26364:
24858:
22320:
22292:
21436:
8148:
The earliest fighting started at 0445 hours when marines from the battleship Schleswig-Holstein attempted to storm a small Polish fort in Danzig, the Westerplate
24883:
1763:
II issues. No formal peace treaty between Japan and the Soviet Union was ever signed, although the state of war between the two countries was terminated by the
24365:
23044:
22731:
21858:
21167:
4310:
was among the first attacks in this campaign, inflicting significant casualties and considerable losses on infrastructure of this important industrial centre.
4260:, demonstrated the Western Allies' inability to launch an invasion of continental Europe without much better preparation, equipment, and operational security.
1752:
1347:, and Allied offensives in the Pacific—cost the Axis powers their initiative and forced them into strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies
16698:
Förster, Stig; Gessler, Myriam (2005). "The Ultimate Horror: Reflections on Total War and Genocide". In Roger Chickering; Stig Förster; Bernd Greiner (eds.).
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11212:, pp. 406–407: "Stalin always believed that Britain and America were delaying the second front so that the Soviet Union would bear the brunt of the war."
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which it claimed was for purposes of liberating colonised peoples. Although Japanese forces were sometimes welcomed as liberators from European domination,
26354:
24668:
24622:
22353:
22299:
21485:
16675:(1998). "Hitler's Decision in Favour of War". In Horst Boog; Jürgen Förster; Joachim Hoffmann; Ernst Klink; Rolf-Dieter Muller; Gerd R. Ueberschar (eds.).
6672:, a late war development incorporating many features of the rifle and submachine gun, became the standard post-war infantry weapon for most armed forces.
6107:
were kept in especially unbearable conditions, and 3.6 million Soviet POWs out of 5.7 million died in Nazi camps during the war. In addition to
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22817:
22306:
21922:
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Klavans, Richard A.; Di Benedetto, C. Anthony; Prudom, Melanie J. (1997). "Understanding Competitive Interactions: The U.S. Commercial Aircraft Market".
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in Czechoslovakia. By the 1950s, one-fifth of West Germans were refugees from the east. The Soviet Union also took over the Polish provinces east of the
4353:
After the Guadalcanal campaign, the Allies initiated several operations against Japan in the Pacific. In May 1943, Canadian and U.S. forces were sent to
2456:
in 1939, the ongoing Second Sino-Japanese War and ally Nazi Germany pursuing neutrality with the Soviets. Japan and the Soviet Union eventually signed a
1677:
1320:
1210:
18555:(1993). "Reconstruction and the UK Postwar Welfare State: False Start and New Beginning". In Rudiger Dornbusch; Wilhelm Nölling; Richard Layard (eds.).
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about Germany, and the American, British and Chinese governments reiterated the demand for unconditional surrender of Japan, specifically stating that "
4890:, and provided the United States with air bases to launch intensive heavy bomber attacks on the Japanese home islands. In late October, American forces
27186:
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A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
5842:
1606:
562:
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In the 1930s Britain and the United States of America together controlled almost 75% of world mineral output—essential for projecting military power.
5041:
Major changes in leadership occurred on both sides during this period. On 12 April, President Roosevelt died and was succeeded by his vice president,
2001:
was legally reunited with Germany, and Hitler repudiated the Treaty of Versailles, accelerated his rearmament programme, and introduced conscription.
25160:
25125:
22703:
22143:
22019:
14713:
6227:
6157:
system of deadly camps during 1942–43, when wartime privation and hunger caused numerous deaths of inmates, including foreign citizens of Poland and
5958:
5637:
in June 1946. Communist forces were victorious and established the People's Republic of China on the mainland, while nationalist forces retreated to
4357:. Soon after, the United States, with support from Australia, New Zealand and Pacific Islander forces, began major ground, sea and air operations to
3921:
extracted a British commitment to limit Allied operations in the Mediterranean to an invasion of the Italian mainland, and to invade France in 1944.
3736:, effectively ending their co-operation. In March, the Japanese 11th army attacked the headquarters of the Chinese 19th army but was repulsed during
2853:
2651:
16168:(1993). "The Marshall Plan: History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program". In Rudiger Dornbusch; Wilhelm Nölling; Richard Layard (eds.).
12025:
8872:
3138:
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region, which was mistakenly perceived by the Allies as an impenetrable natural barrier against armoured vehicles. By successfully implementing new
2641:
The situation became a crisis in late August as German troops continued to mobilise against the Polish border. On 23 August the Soviet Union signed
27246:
24517:
21996:
21376:
11673:
8441:
7117:
6177:
5417:
4572:. In May 1944, British and Indian forces mounted a counter-offensive that drove Japanese troops back to Burma by July, and Chinese forces that had
2953:. The loss of one-third of Romania's 1939 territory caused a coup against King Carol II, turning Romania into a fascist dictatorship under Marshal
1155:
11294:
5868:
In Asia and the Pacific, the number of people killed by Japanese troops remains contested. According to R.J. Rummel, the Japanese killed between 3
3732:
in occupied areas to reduce human and material resources for the communists. Continued antipathy between Chinese communist and nationalist forces
3431:
in April 1941. By contrast, the Germans were steadily making preparations for an attack on the Soviet Union, massing forces on the Soviet border.
22433:
21745:
13779:
9688:
9606:
9182:, 78th Congress, 2d Session – House Document N. 541, Director: Humphrey, Richard A., Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, pp. 267–312 (
7289:
5464:
5397:
3770:
2635:
1054:
19433:
13584:
27432:
26369:
25190:
24996:
24966:
24949:
22252:
21554:
16095:
11724:
4538:
2838:
971:
24258:
17347:(2003). "The Nazi Extermination Camps and the Ally to the East. Could the Red Army and Air Force Have Stopped or Slowed the Final Solution?".
16945:
16820:
5166:
2906:
allowing the creation of Soviet military bases in these countries; in October 1939, significant Soviet military contingents were moved there.
932:
27677:
26394:
24991:
23051:
23014:
22991:
22505:
21427:
21397:
13837:
8221:
5927:
4797:
2988:
2930:
1764:
1614:
22766:
10736:
10058:, 78th Congress, 2d Session – House Document N. 541, Director: Humphrey, Richard A., Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, p. 310 (
5377:
and the removal of ex-Nazis from power, although this policy moved towards amnesty and re-integration of ex-Nazis into West German society.
4936:, hoping to encircle large portions of Western Allied troops and prompt a political settlement after capturing their primary supply port at
4928:
On 16 December 1944, Germany made a last attempt to split the Allies on the Western Front by using most of its remaining reserves to launch
1923:
by the United Kingdom and France to secure Italian entrance into the war were not fulfilled in the peace settlement. From 1922 to 1925, the
61:
27221:
25739:
24924:
24789:
23144:
23000:
22984:
22956:
22197:
21404:
11427:
10405:
2814:
under the supposed pretext that the Polish state had ceased to exist. On 27 September, the Warsaw garrison surrendered to the Germans, and
2548:
18121:
8135:
7680:
6252:
In Europe, occupation came under two forms. In Western, Northern, and Central Europe (France, Norway, Denmark, the Low Countries, and the
27241:
25006:
23901:
22968:
22880:
22824:
22787:
22062:
13453:
13077:
8163:
6313:
formed in most occupied territories, they did not significantly hamper German operations in either the East or the West until late 1943.
6276:
6162:
5872:
million and more than 10 million people, with the most probable case of almost 6,000,000 people. According to the British historian
5798:
5642:
5409:
4573:
3570:
The diversion of three-quarters of the Axis troops and the majority of their air forces from France and the central Mediterranean to the
2352:
1681:
1214:
24653:
16901:
14625:
13016:
12994:
9860:
6742:
Other technological and engineering feats achieved during, or as a result of, the war include the world's first programmable computers (
27687:
25185:
25165:
22873:
21598:
15999:
13943:
Institute of National Remembrance, Polska 1939–1945 Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Materski and Szarota. p. 9
13657:
13165:
5790:
5516:, which led to establishment of Communist-led regimes, with full or partial support of the Soviet occupation authorities. As a result,
5361:
controlled by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union officially ended in 1949, with the respective zones becoming separate countries,
3866:
1355:
and pushed Germany and its allies westward. In 1944 and 1945, Japan suffered reversals in mainland Asia, while the Allies crippled the
714:
642:
19736:
13688:
12071:
11966:
11943:
6264:
5326:
27692:
26309:
24379:
23007:
21390:
21348:
14587:
12543:
12173:
9897:
5988:
5541:
5244:
4518:
3862:
3801:, after initial hesitation about Japan's chances of victory, began to favour Japan's entry into the war. As a result, Prime Minister
2147:
2026:
1492:
1392:
1111:
137:
13511:
12761:
4494:, the Chinese awaited allied relief as they forced Japan to fight a costly war of attrition. In January 1944, the Allies launched a
27682:
26555:
25583:
25120:
24228:
22040:
21814:
21577:
21443:
21254:
16323:
16296:
Eastman, Lloyd E. (1986). "Nationalist China during the Sino-Japanese War 1937–1945". In John K. Fairbank; Denis Twitchett (eds.).
15784:
15313:
Borstelmann, Thomas (2005). "The United States, the Cold War, and the colour line". In Melvyn P. Leffler; David S. Painter (eds.).
12215:
5549:
4127:, keeping most territorial gains they had achieved during the previous year. In May, the Germans defeated Soviet offensives in the
1659:
1585:
1549:
1460:
981:
753:
726:
267:
227:
20699:
4468:, the resulting sizeable German submarine losses forced a temporary halt of the German Atlantic naval campaign. In November 1943,
4380:
In the Soviet Union, both the Germans and the Soviets spent the spring and early summer of 1943 preparing for large offensives in
3797:
Frustrated at the lack of progress and feeling the pinch of the American–British–Dutch sanctions, Japan prepared for war. Emperor
27672:
27667:
27196:
26902:
26452:
25223:
24975:
23123:
22920:
22572:
21950:
21450:
21362:
21298:
18722:
15217:
14675:
13529:
6338:
5950:
4692:
4284:
2271:
1572:
1504:
856:
14743:
13374:
7216:
5837:, with an estimated 50,000–68,000 victims (of which 41,000 were civilians). Also, more than 100,000 Poles were massacred by the
2464:, promoted by the Navy, which took its focus southward and eventually led to war with the United States and the Western Allies.
27422:
25671:
24545:
23326:
22838:
21681:
21219:
17712:
17687:
12826:
9928:, p. 9, listing various military and diplomatic developments, observes that "the threat to Japan was not purely economic."
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6016:
5595:
4449:
3974:
3693:
3444:
3260:
1858:
1304:
555:
170:
20974:
Wolf, Holger C. (1993). "The Lucky Miracle: Germany 1945–1951". In Rudiger Dornbusch; Wilhelm Nölling; Richard Layard (eds.).
16420:
13267:
12381:
5116:, while on 5 June all German political and military institutions were transferred under the control of the Allies through the
2857:
27372:
26560:
26249:
24863:
23922:
23827:
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23100:
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20902:
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20806:
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20442:
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20235:
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20109:
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20023:
20000:
19909:
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19859:
19836:
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19715:
19689:
19661:
19604:
19581:
19560:
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19508:
19487:
19446:
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19399:
19378:
19353:
19327:
19304:
19281:
19258:
19232:
19209:
19186:
19161:
19135:
19070:
19013:
18990:
18965:
18944:
18923:
18895:
18870:
18851:
18823:
18800:
18774:
18751:
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18684:
18661:
18639:
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18593:
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18216:
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17695:
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17597:
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16992:
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16890:
16865:
16806:
16782:
16759:
16736:
16711:
16688:
16662:
16643:
16596:
Farrell, Brian P. (1993). "Yes, Prime Minister: Barbarossa, Whipcord, and the Basis of British Grand Strategy, Autumn 1941".
16586:
16556:
16528:
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16452:
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16211:
16181:
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15510:
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15403:
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15257:
15231:
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15092:
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14993:
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14866:
14843:
14786:
14432:
14301:
14276:
14199:
14146:
14081:
13613:
13555:
13447:
13424:
13322:
13247:
13204:
13071:
12912:
12728:
12685:
12292:
12019:
11979:
11648:
11387:
10399:
9854:
9755:
9661:
9451:
9114:
9074:
8502:
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8129:
8055:
7674:
7539:
7074:
6984:
6401:
6306:
6123:
from German-occupied countries were abducted and used as a slave work force in German industry, agriculture and war economy.
5487:
in 1991. The alliance between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union had begun to deteriorate even before the war was over.
5444:
5421:
4362:
4346:
3710:
3640:
which established that a minimal number of Soviet troops in the East would be sufficient to deter any attack by the Japanese
2815:
2392:
in December 1937. After the fall of Nanking, tens or hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and disarmed combatants were
1499:
866:
709:
24:
16244:
de Grazia, Victoria; Paggi, Leonardo (Autumn 1991). "Story of an Ordinary Massacre: Civitella della Chiana, 29 June, 1944".
14087:
11617:
8508:
7545:
27647:
27627:
24510:
24155:
23562:
23448:
22613:
22073:
22069:
22047:
21651:
20068:
6585:
5233:
5214:
5128:
5069:
4275:
in Egypt, dislodging the Axis forces and beginning a drive west across Libya. This attack was followed up shortly after by
3962:
3835:
3295:
2845:
2435:
1257:
775:
746:
257:
14076:. American Business, Politics, and Society (reprint ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 2.
13135:
8849:
8084:
3543:
was overwhelmingly successful, resulting in encirclement and elimination of four Soviet armies, and made possible further
27447:
26757:
24799:
24070:
23534:
22866:
22852:
22058:
9780:
6253:
5448:
4724:
4393:
3610:
3436:
3428:
2774:
2603:
2552:
2457:
1047:
912:
19314:
Radtke, K.W. (1997). "'Strategic' concepts underlying the so-called Hirota foreign policy, 1933–7". In Aiko Ikeo (ed.).
6435:
6033:
5334:, where the Allied forces prosecuted prominent members of the political, military, judicial, and economic leadership of
4045:
With its capacity for aggressive action greatly diminished as a result of the Midway battle, Japan attempted to capture
27712:
27577:
27562:
27532:
27407:
27261:
27256:
26499:
25078:
24954:
24565:
24279:
24148:
24026:
23604:
23319:
23270:
23028:
22583:
21828:
21667:
21515:
21369:
19544:
12800:
10012:
5830:
5283:. On 15 August, the Emperor communicated this decision to the Japanese people through a speech broadcast on the radio (
4964:
4879:
4554:
4307:
3994:
3460:
3215:
3035:
2711:
2578:
2564:
1912:
1567:
1368:
873:
11328:
7237:
5455:
that were the victors of the war—France, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States—became the
3274:
3067:, declaring war on both France and the United Kingdom. The Germans turned south against the weakened French army, and
27702:
27652:
27592:
27557:
27507:
27482:
27347:
27251:
27226:
27146:
26414:
25175:
25100:
25046:
25026:
24794:
24736:
24703:
24627:
24560:
24395:
23277:
23249:
23066:
22648:
22360:
22327:
13754:
11126:
6231:
6188:
At least five million Chinese civilians from northern China and Manchukuo were enslaved between 1935 and 1941 by the
6040:(SS) female camp guards removing prisoners' bodies from lorries and carrying them to a mass grave, inside the German
5962:
5794:
5759:
5703:
economic aid (1948–1951) both directly and indirectly caused. The post-1948 West German recovery has been called the
5358:
5268:
5205:
that occurred between 6 April and 7 June 1945. American naval and amphibious forces also moved towards Japan, taking
4825:
4354:
4279:, which resulted in the region joining the Allies. Hitler responded to the French colony's defection by ordering the
3375:
3031:
2996:
2704:
2472:
2249:
2041:
1619:
1480:
1472:
1308:
992:
787:
548:
388:
151:
21543:
21163:
12237:
5719:
from its satellite states. Japan recovered much later. China returned to its pre-war industrial production by 1952.
4952:. They agreed on the occupation of post-war Germany, and on when the Soviet Union would join the war against Japan.
4076:
took priority for the Japanese, and troops in New Guinea were ordered to withdraw from the Port Moresby area to the
3881:—the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States—and 22 smaller or exiled governments issued the
3363:
at the end of May completed the German conquest of the Balkans. Partisan warfare subsequently broke out against the
81:
27662:
27642:
27637:
27617:
27602:
27572:
27492:
27457:
27402:
27387:
27377:
26244:
25605:
25132:
24868:
24816:
24806:
24432:
23590:
23527:
22662:
22491:
21614:
12270:
10150:
7178:
6870:
6832:
have been proposed as the date on which World War II began or ended, this is the period most frequently cited.
6041:
5533:
5294:
5175:
4550:
4522:
4140:
3997:. These easy victories over the unprepared U.S. and European opponents left Japan overconfident, and overextended.
3827:
3759:, intending to take advantage of the German invasion in the west, but abandoned the operation after the sanctions.
3645:
3404:
3302:
also suffered significant defeats, with the Royal Navy putting three Italian battleships out of commission after a
2726:
1994:
1793:
1420:
584:
207:
25066:
22168:
21177:
14028:
13112:
10210:
10180:
10120:
9713:
4987:. In early March, in an attempt to protect its last oil reserves in Hungary and retake Budapest, Germany launched
4736:
4510:
3648:
that started on 5 December all along the front and pushed German troops 100–250 kilometres (62–155 mi) west.
3234:
later made major contributions to the Axis war against the Soviet Union, in Romania's case partially to recapture
922:
27707:
27697:
27622:
27552:
27547:
27502:
27497:
27472:
27462:
27452:
27437:
27427:
27412:
27382:
27362:
27357:
27352:
27342:
26344:
26279:
25324:
24821:
24503:
23956:
23797:
23786:
23622:
23381:
23340:
23233:
23171:
22551:
21821:
21690:
21658:
20346:
19963:
19924:
19032:
17204:
17002:
15528:
14448:
10063:
9187:
6279:
at German hands totalled 13.7 million dead, twenty percent of the 68 million people in the occupied Soviet Union.
6158:
5954:
5679:
in July 1944, the Allied nations drew up an economic framework for the post-war world. The agreement created the
5537:
5484:
5460:
5124:
4753:
4716:
4664:
in western Europe during the latter part of the year. An attempt to advance into northern Germany spearheaded by
4089:
4034:
in late May and were fully aware of the plans and order of battle, and used this knowledge to achieve a decisive
3966:
3764:
3219:
2560:
2344:
1974:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1440:
1261:
1233:
1094:—participated, with many investing all available economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities in pursuit of
897:
834:
683:
666:
277:
25001:
22338:
21906:
11342:
coup; postwar Romanian historians, however, ascribe to the Communists the decisive role in Antonescu's overthrow
4732:
4560:
The Allies had mixed success in mainland Asia. In March 1944, the Japanese launched the first of two invasions,
3203:
by Germany. The United States started strategic planning to prepare for a full-scale offensive against Germany.
917:
27632:
27612:
27597:
27587:
27567:
27542:
27477:
27467:
27392:
27367:
25535:
25155:
25110:
24693:
24683:
24342:
24314:
24192:
23985:
23222:
22673:
22599:
22388:
21759:
21478:
21383:
21268:
20310:
19707:
19201:
18400:
15897:
15147:
8753:
6862:
6430:
6342:
6310:
6223:
5976:
5728:
5525:
5089:
5081:
5004:
4483:. The former conference determined the post-war return of Japanese territory and the military planning for the
3717:
3705:
2445:
2104:
1721:
1693:
1380:
1178:
1040:
1007:
846:
342:
7963:
Watson, Derek (2000). "Molotov's Apprenticeship in Foreign Policy: The Triple Alliance Negotiations in 1939".
7345:
6720:
5159:
of strategic cities in Japan in an effort to destroy Japanese war industry and civilian morale. A devastating
4878:
In the Pacific, U.S. forces continued to push back the Japanese perimeter. In mid-June 1944, they began their
4426:
and the ensuing German occupation of Italy. Germany, with the help of fascists, responded to the armistice by
52:
27717:
27657:
27582:
27527:
27512:
27487:
27442:
27397:
27236:
25688:
24843:
24828:
24751:
24721:
24698:
24540:
24402:
24335:
24286:
24217:
24042:
23548:
23499:
23263:
23256:
22859:
22620:
22404:
21457:
20315:
18131:
14876:
Bacon, Edwin (1992). "Glasnost' and the Gulag: New Information on Soviet Forced Labour around World War II".
14377:
Burns, R. W. (September 1994). "Impact of technology on the defeat of the U-boat September 1939 – May 1943".
12951:
9491:
7798:
6866:
6294:
5770:
5567:
Post-war division of the world was formalised by two international military alliances, the United States-led
5529:
5272:
5152:
5112:
until 11 May. On 23 May all remaining members of the German government were arrested by the Allied Forces in
4765:
4688:
4128:
3882:
3851:
3767:
and warned Japan that the United States would react to Japanese attacks against any "neighboring countries".
3587:
3256:
3176:
3039:
2918:
for this crime of aggression. Despite overwhelming numerical superiority, Soviet military success during the
1861:. The organisation's primary goals were to prevent armed conflict through collective security, military, and
1285:
810:
792:
28:
13527:
Pascale R . Bos, "Feminists Interpreting the Politics of Wartime Rape: Berlin, 1945"; Yugoslavia, 1992–1993
8724:
8018:
2142:
was signed in 1933. Thereafter, Chinese volunteer forces continued the resistance to Japanese aggression in
27607:
27537:
27522:
27517:
27417:
26299:
26284:
26179:
25170:
25051:
25041:
25031:
24919:
24767:
24741:
24731:
24617:
24476:
24372:
23747:
23708:
22627:
22455:
22440:
22367:
22346:
22164:
21842:
21628:
21621:
21605:
21316:
21275:
21247:
19414:
17782:
17589:
16278:
16226:
14767:
13838:"Japan's Atrocities of Conscripting and Abusing North China Draftees after the Outbreak of the Pacific War"
7829:
6675:
Most major belligerents attempted to solve the problems of complexity and security involved in using large
6526:
became a vital part of Allied convoys, increasing the effective protection radius and helping to close the
5284:
5260:
5193:, overrunning the oilfields there. British, American, and Chinese forces defeated the Japanese in northern
4883:
4872:
4781:
3586:, which outlined British and American goals for the post-war world. In late August the British and Soviets
3571:
3463:; they were joined shortly by Finland and Hungary. The primary targets of this surprise offensive were the
3448:
3395:
3172:
3084:
2966:
2631:
2303:
2030:
2018:
1652:
1580:
1412:
1297:
1024:
1002:
878:
678:
627:
402:
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119:
15802:
Ch'i, Hsi-Sheng (1992). "The Military Dimension, 1942–1945". In James C. Hsiung; Steven I. Levine (eds.).
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17112:
16598:
16497:
16042:
15061:
15032:
14424:
12908:
12006:
8864:
8255:
Ginsburgs, George (1958). "A Case Study in the Soviet Use of International Law: Eastern Poland in 1939".
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were created in Nazi Germany to exterminate people on an industrial scale. Nazi Germany extensively used
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5545:
5521:
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and lure American carriers into battle to be eliminated; as a diversion, Japan would also send forces to
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population. Soon the United Kingdom and France followed the appeasement policy of British Prime Minister
2388:, but after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell. The Japanese continued to push Chinese forces back,
2360:
2095:, which had long sought influence in China as the first step of what its government saw as the country's
1998:
1744:
1221:
1103:
861:
839:
782:
18787:(2010). "The Sovietization of Eastern Europe, 1944–1953". In Melvyn P. Leffler; Odd Arne Westad (eds.).
13870:
13606:
The World Must Know: The History of the Holocaust as Told in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
11665:
8437:
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by the end of November and successfully linking up their forces in China and Indochina by mid-December.
2975:
German advance into Belgium and Northern France, 10 May – 4 June 1940, sweeping past the
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20313:(1995). "The Third Reich Reflected: German Civil Administration in the Occupied Soviet Union, 1941–4".
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18228:
Brown-, Green- and Blue-Water Fleets: the Influence of Geography on Naval Warfare, 1861 to the Present
13871:"Indonesia: World War II and the Struggle For Independence, 1942–50; The Japanese Occupation, 1942–45"
13787:
9680:
9598:
4119:
Despite considerable losses, in early 1942 Germany and its allies stopped a major Soviet offensive in
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which drove back Commonwealth forces. In less than a month, Axis forces advanced to western Egypt and
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1312:
902:
27327:
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23841:
23701:
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23506:
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17508:
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11432:[The war criminals tries to be the first to see their ancestors] (in Chinese). Archived from
9443:
6475:(the bombing of enemy industrial and population centres to destroy the enemy's ability to wage war).
5650:
5611:
5317:
5117:
5046:
4960:
4860:
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By the start of July 1944, Commonwealth forces in Southeast Asia had repelled the Japanese sieges in
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4593:
4389:
4299:
4026:
4022:
3961:, inflicting severe losses on Allied troops and taking a large number of prisoners. Despite stubborn
3741:
3701:
3528:
3468:
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3264:
3188:
3095:, which, though officially neutral, was generally aligned with Germany. France kept its fleet, which
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2811:
2295:
2143:
2135:
1673:
1340:
688:
654:
298:
166:
21899:
19340:(2001). "The War in the Pacific". In Horst Boog; Werner Rahn; Reinhard Stumpf; Bernd Wegner (eds.).
14796:
Anderson, Irvine H. Jr. (1975). "The 1941 De Facto Embargo on Oil to Japan: A Bureaucratic Reflex".
13945:"Total Polish population losses under German occupation are currently calculated at about 2 770 000"
11728:
6538:, were expected by all combatants to be important in the second. The British focused development on
6522:
established the carrier as the dominant capital ship (in place of the battleship). In the Atlantic,
6368:
5845:, between 1943 and 1945. At the same time, about 10,000–15,000 Ukrainians were killed by the Polish
3916:
in early 1943, the Allies reiterated the statements issued in the 1942 Declaration and demanded the
3171:
In November 1939, the United States was assisting China and the Western Allies, and had amended the
2089:
1997:, which Italy desired as a colonial possession. The situation was aggravated in early 1935 when the
1684:'s declaration of war on Germany two days later on 3 September 1939. Dates for the beginning of the
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7079:
There is also the viewpoint that both World War I and World War II are part of the same "
6649:
6549:
and convoys, while Germany focused on improving its offensive capability, with designs such as the
6244:
Polish civilians wearing blindfolds photographed just before being massacred by German soldiers in
6108:
6004:
5912:
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5769:
An estimated 11 to 17 million civilians died as a direct or as an indirect result of Hitler's
5716:
5708:
5676:
4728:
4712:
4419:
4132:
3938:
3733:
3359:, commencing on 6 April 1941; both nations were forced to surrender within the month. The airborne
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to the west halted the German advance for several days, but it was outflanked and encircled by the
2315:
2253:
1869:
1689:
1452:
1344:
1186:
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1130:
of European Jews, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. Following the Allied powers' victory,
704:
232:
21915:
21892:
14651:
Macintyre, Ben (10 December 2010). "Bravery of thousands of Poles was vital in securing victory".
13845:
11433:
8213:
6024:
5961:
annexed by the Red Army. Soviet soldiers committed mass rapes in occupied territories, especially
5704:
5463:. The five permanent members remain so to the present, although there have been two seat changes,
4104:
3637:
3030:
fortifications on the Franco-German border, Germany directed its attack at the neutral nations of
2778:
2122:
to stop the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Japan withdrew from the League of Nations after being
1276:. By mid-1941, through a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany occupied or controlled much of
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25115:
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20845:
Stalin and the Cold War in Europe: The Emergence and Development of East-West Conflict, 1939–1953
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was not broken, and the Soviet Union retained a considerable part of its military potential. The
3548:
3524:
3325:
3231:
3227:
3162:
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2715:
2630:. Hitler accused the United Kingdom and Poland of trying to "encircle" Germany and renounced the
2453:
2411:
2367:
2343:, which culminated in the Japanese campaign to invade all of China. The Soviets quickly signed a
2279:
2081:
1981:
and the Reichstag appointed him. Following Hindenburg's death in 1934, Hitler proclaimed himself
1947:
1920:
1896:
1862:
1748:
1713:
1645:
1408:
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1135:
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11272:, p. 7: "It was the most calamitous defeat of all the German armed forces in World War II."
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5000:
4150:, while maintaining positions on the northern and central areas of the front. The Germans split
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23404:
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22592:
22176:
22157:
22127:
21674:
21644:
20871:
20705:
20454:
20015:
19085:
18704:
18346:
The Fate of Nations: The Search for National Security in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
18125:
17955:
17512:
17184:
16542:
15420:
15295:
13379:
8119:
7664:
6589:
6539:
6515:
6471:(the capability to quickly move limited high-priority supplies, equipment, and personnel); and
6219:
6096:
5908:
5857:
5657:, their losses of prestige and resources during the war rendered this unsuccessful, leading to
5321:
5217:
was strangling Japan's economy and drastically reducing its ability to supply overseas forces.
4526:
4423:
4404:
4332:
4233:
4096:
behind Japanese frontlines in February which, by the end of April, had achieved mixed results.
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3978:
3973:
and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division. Japanese forces also achieved naval victories in the
3905:
3831:
3814:
3782:
3633:
3579:
3497:, and guarantee access to the strategic resources needed to defeat Germany's remaining rivals.
3408:
3352:
3307:
3150:
3134:, but largely ended in May 1941 after failing to significantly disrupt the British war effort.
2803:
2782:
2762:
2742:
2647:
2619:
2583:
2370:
2324:
2283:
2014:
1892:
1781:
1736:
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1451:. In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the
1424:
1364:
1356:
1316:
1273:
1253:
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1079:
851:
770:
320:
294:
252:
217:
130:
20728:(2002). "Reclaiming and Rebuilding the History of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights".
14957:
Barber, John; Harrison, Mark (2006). "Patriotic War, 1941–1945". In Ronald Grigor Suny (ed.).
13629:
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13061:
12851:
12720:
12714:
12675:
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2910:
refused to sign a similar pact and rejected ceding part of its territory to the Soviet Union.
2731:
1319:, which resulted in the United States and the United Kingdom declaring war against Japan. The
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26807:
26596:
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26384:
26359:
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25700:
25473:
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24878:
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24483:
24206:
24049:
23945:
23915:
23871:
23611:
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23492:
23390:
22831:
22808:
22655:
22259:
21796:
21536:
21522:
21205:
20730:
19653:
19153:
17380:
The War Behind The Eastern Front: The Soviet Partisan Movement In North-West Russia 1941–1944
17156:
Harrison, Mark (1998). "The economics of World War II: an overview". In Mark Harrison (ed.).
16908:
16751:
16520:
16105:
15985:
15947:
15395:
14629:
14008:
12986:
12052:"The Curzon line as the eastern boundary of Poland. The origins and the political background"
10347:
9844:
8734:
7355:
6787:
6724:
6707:
enabled the countering process of decryption. Notable examples were the Allied decryption of
6632:
6542:
6476:
6068:
5968:
The mass bombing of cities in Europe and Asia has often been called a war crime, although no
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4412:
4339:
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by pro-British nationalists. Germany and Italy responded with simultaneous invasions of both
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2942:
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2400:
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1843:
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in the Soviet Union. Key setbacks in 1943—including German defeats on the Eastern Front, the
1099:
1019:
927:
369:
101:
20:
22094:
20652:
19726:
19549:
From World War to Cold War: Churchill, Roosevelt, and the International History of the 1940s
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9437:
5400:
of the nine million Germans from these provinces, as well as three million Germans from the
2933:
the entire territories of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as the Romanian regions of
2777:, which aimed to damage the country's economy and war effort. Germany responded by ordering
1865:, as well as settling international disputes through peaceful negotiations and arbitration.
92:
27061:
26970:
26676:
26379:
26134:
26047:
26025:
25948:
25944:
25873:
25789:
25734:
25729:
25552:
25396:
25285:
24888:
24307:
24162:
23813:
23770:
23740:
23666:
23476:
23455:
22374:
21851:
21529:
20772:
20709:
19062:
18708:
17018:
17006:
16101:
15677:
15618:
15502:
13384:
12747:
12051:
11985:
11921:
6712:
6708:
6196:, for work in mines and war industries. After 1942, the number reached 10 million. In
6173:
5692:
5553:
5509:
5476:
5302:
5202:
5179:
5085:
5027:
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4852:
4365:. By the end of March 1944, the Allies had completed both of these objectives and had also
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4031:
3456:
3200:
3192:
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from the continent by early June, although they had to abandon almost all their equipment.
2761:
as a pretext to initiate the invasion. The first German attack of the war came against the
1888:
1850:
were created out of the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian Empires.
1756:
1336:
1293:
883:
144:
27119:
19614:
Roberts, Cynthia A. (1995). "Planning for War: The Red Army and the Catastrophe of 1941".
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14580:
12539:
12165:
9894:
4668:
in the Netherlands failed. After that, the Western Allies slowly pushed into Germany, but
4228:. By November 1941, Commonwealth forces had launched a counter-offensive in North Africa,
3929:
3747:
German successes in Europe prompted Japan to increase pressure on European governments in
3483:. Hitler's objectives were to eliminate the Soviet Union as a military power, exterminate
8:
27287:
27191:
27024:
26837:
26797:
26710:
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26404:
26269:
26139:
25929:
25858:
25615:
25588:
25571:
25559:
25381:
25337:
24425:
24199:
24077:
24033:
23555:
22689:
22448:
21975:
21805:
21789:
21738:
21138:
21025:
20944:
20672:
Umbreit, Hans (1991). "The Battle for Hegemony in Western Europe". In P. S. Falla (ed.).
20074:
19616:
19242:
18354:
18344:
18143:
17996:
17566:
16672:
16387:
16331:
13508:
12769:
11613:
The Axmann Conspiracy: The Nazi Plan for a Fourth Reich and How the U.S. Army Defeated It
11134:
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was put down with Anglo-American support and the country remained aligned with the West.
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purchases by the Allies. In 1940, following the German capture of Paris, the size of the
3119:
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2938:
2923:
2834:
2793:
2599:
2524:
2476:
2233:
2225:
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that began in October 1935 and ended in May 1936. The war began with the invasion of the
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2127:
2069:
2053:
1978:
1936:
1827:
1388:
1229:
1174:
1139:
937:
817:
20383:
Stueck, William (2010). "The Korean War". In Melvyn P. Leffler; Odd Arne Westad (eds.).
16364:
15622:
12207:
6723:, which had been decoding early versions of Enigma before the war. Another component of
6169:
evaluation, and 226,127 were sent to the Gulag as real or perceived Nazi collaborators.
4283:; although Vichy forces did not resist this violation of the armistice, they managed to
2480:
27151:
27073:
26847:
26817:
26792:
26784:
26769:
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26040:
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25863:
25826:
25756:
25695:
25678:
25632:
25542:
25456:
25270:
24418:
24251:
24176:
24130:
24100:
24008:
23848:
23513:
23397:
23291:
23242:
23180:
22936:
22887:
22696:
22313:
21968:
21766:
20949:
20932:
20798:
20755:
20747:
20695:
20471:
20371:
20363:
20332:
20298:
20290:
20271:
Spring, D. W. (1986). "The Soviet Decision for War against Finland, 30 November 1939".
20094:
20052:
19992:
19972:
19949:
19941:
19895:
19870:
19851:
19815:
19675:
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19364:
19250:
19247:
The Order Has Been Carried Out: History, Memory, and Meaning of a Nazi Massacre in Rome
19110:
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16261:
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15852:
15844:
15825:
Cienciala, Anna M. (2010). "Another look at the Poles and Poland during World War II".
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15166:
15141:
15137:
14932:
14895:
14813:
14776:
14519:
14020:
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11101:
The weeks after the fall of Rome saw a dramatic upswing in German atrocities in Italy (
9080:
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8280:
8272:
7988:
7980:
7272:
7170:
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for decoding Enigma that benefited from information given to the United Kingdom by the
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6112:
6008:
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5900:
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Germany lost a quarter of its pre-war (1937) territory. Among the eastern territories,
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4809:
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4653:
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2025:, drafted a treaty of mutual assistance with France. Before taking effect, though, the
1986:
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1740:
1416:
1404:
1277:
1217:
1206:
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237:
155:
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On 22 June 1941, Germany, supported by Italy and Romania, invaded the Soviet Union in
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Moscow – The Turning Point: The Failure of Hitler's Strategy in the Winter of 1941–42
19504:
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18025:
18006:
17984:
17953:
Koch, H.W. (1983). "Hitler's 'Programme' and the Genesis of Operation 'Barbarossa'".
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Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932–1945, and the American Cover-up
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13318:
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13067:
12724:
12681:
12015:
11975:
11820:
Ward Wilson. "The Winning Weapon? Rethinking Nuclear Weapons in Light of Hiroshima".
11771:
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9850:
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7017:
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6747:
6637:
6562:
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6464:
6393:
6329:(7,900,000 m) of oil (~6.8 million tonnes), 76 percent of its 1940 output rate.
5881:
5802:
5712:
5634:
5615:
5225:
5210:
5171:
4972:
4914:
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4749:
4691:
forced German troops from Western Ukraine and Eastern Poland. The Soviets formed the
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When civil war broke out in Spain, Hitler and Mussolini lent military support to the
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2151:
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1990:
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15940:
15111:
14523:
12900:
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4392:
launched on 9 July, which, combined with previous Italian failures, resulted in the
3822:
intervention while securing the perimeter, it was further planned to neutralise the
2286:, also fought against the Nationalists. Both Germany and the Soviet Union used this
1197:. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when
26995:
26951:
26897:
26887:
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21982:
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20355:
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20282:
20044:
19933:
19807:
19645:
19625:
19172:
19145:
19094:
19041:
19023:
18432:
18421:(1955). "The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Far Eastern War, 1941–1945".
17964:
17933:
17358:
17294:
17213:
16607:
16566:
16538:
16396:
16379:
16340:
16253:
15836:
15706:
15626:
15466:
15414:
14985:
14934:
Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament 1945–1948
14887:
14829:
14805:
14736:"Discovery and Development of Penicillin: International Historic Chemical Landmark"
14680:
Departments of Computer Science and Defense Analysis U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
14676:"Deception for Defense of Information Systems: Analogies from Conventional Warfare"
14501:
14491:
14386:
13263:
12373:
12063:
11933:
11922:"The Oder-Neisse Line as Poland's western border: As postulated and made a reality"
11759:
11105:, pp. 500–502). The period featured massacres with victims in the hundreds at
9062:
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7972:
7162:
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and Yugoslavia to rescue them from being cut off. By this point, the communist-led
4569:
4565:
4530:
4514:
4476:
4465:
4370:
4245:
4214:
4182:
4151:
4088:. In Burma, Commonwealth forces mounted two operations. The first was a disastrous
4057:. The Americans planned a counterattack against Japanese positions in the southern
4035:
3946:
3886:
3847:
3689:
3636:
allowed the Soviets to achieve numerical parity with Axis troops. This, as well as
3614:
3591:
3583:
3563:
3544:
3023:
2946:
2875:
2692:
2528:
2511:
from other European powers. Encouraged, Hitler began pressing German claims on the
2503:
In Europe, Germany and Italy were becoming more aggressive. In March 1938, Germany
2496:
2488:
2407:
2393:
2363:
2275:
2209:
2201:
2181:
2037:
2022:
1970:
1941:
1928:
1839:
1372:
1328:
1245:
1194:
1151:
632:
610:
441:
159:
21501:
19573:
Hitler's War Aims, Volume I: Ideology, the Nazi State, and the Course of Expansion
16257:
13196:
9057:
Morrisey, Will (2019), "What Churchill and De Gaulle learned from the Great War",
8047:
7321:"Paris Peace Treaties failed to create a secure, peaceful and lasting world order"
7166:
6364:
6141:. Approximately 230,000 children were held prisoner and used in forced labour and
5699:, and was sped up by the liberalisation of European economic policy that the U.S.
5575:. The long period of political tensions and military competition between them—the
4434:, who then soon established a new client state in German-occupied Italy named the
3993:, Australia. In January 1942, the only Allied success against Japan was a Chinese
3598:, and preempt any Axis advances through Iran toward the Baku oil fields or India.
3554:
2126:
for its incursion into Manchuria. The two nations then fought several battles, in
2021:
with Germany, easing prior restrictions. The Soviet Union, concerned by Germany's
27078:
27034:
26867:
26862:
26842:
26822:
26764:
26730:
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25478:
25451:
25236:
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24351:
24063:
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23777:
23645:
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22947:
22522:
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21752:
21185:
21171:
20527:
20514:
20506:
20253:
19780:
19526:
19518:
19345:
19273:
19005:
18934:
18915:
18833:
18631:
18552:
18070:
17534:
17271:
16680:
15669:
15524:
15491:
15116:
Central and Eastern Europe, 1944–1993: Detour from the Periphery to the Periphery
15084:
14071:
13758:
13515:
12274:
11611:
10740:
9901:
9846:
Hirohito and War: Imperial Tradition and Military Decision Making in Prewar Japan
8488:
7529:
7325:
7269:
7244:
6779:
6755:
6302:
6076:
5931:
5654:
5561:
5190:
5136:
5132:
5073:
5042:
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4742:
4708:
4669:
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4499:
4473:
4457:
4431:
4427:
4385:
4363:
breach the Japanese Central Pacific perimeter at the Gilbert and Marshall Islands
4276:
4124:
4092:
in late 1942 that forced a retreat back to India by May 1943. The second was the
4058:
3678:
3558:
Russian civilians leaving destroyed houses after a German bombardment during the
3536:
3494:
3371:
3360:
3344:
3329:
3207:
2871:
2867:
2769:
period, the alliance provided no direct military support to Poland, outside of a
2688:
2676:
2419:
2377:
2221:
2100:
2092:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1899:
were imposed, and limits were placed on the size and capability of the country's
1891:. Under the treaty, Germany lost around 13 percent of its home territory and all
1846:, such as France, Belgium, Italy, Romania, and Greece, gained territory, and new
1819:
1717:
1697:
1289:
1281:
800:
721:
424:
393:
262:
27114:
24463:
19798:
Rotundo, Louis (1986). "The Creation of Soviet Reserves and the 1941 Campaign".
16700:
A World at Total War: Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937–1945
16344:
7701:
Yang Kuisong, "On the reconstruction of the facts of the Battle of Pingxingguan"
5490:
5058:
4804:, with limited support from Bulgarian forces, assisted the Partisans in a joint
2825:. Despite the military defeat, Poland never surrendered; instead, it formed the
27211:
27102:
27012:
26827:
26698:
26419:
26339:
26294:
26234:
26199:
25991:
25904:
25809:
25717:
25508:
25342:
25265:
24358:
23894:
23820:
21865:
21724:
20488:
20359:
20273:
19984:
19937:
19293:
The Heart of War: On Power, Conflict and Obligation in the Twenty-First Century
18784:
18585:
18325:
18322:
The United States and the Caribbean: Challenges of an Asymmetrical Relationship
18302:
17312:
17217:
17089:
16792:
16627:
16319:
16203:
15780:
Russia's Bitter Path to Modernity: A History of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Eras
15213:
14878:
14825:
13693:
13547:
10059:
9743:
9183:
8845:
8080:
7527:
7213:"German-American Relations – Treaty on the Final Settlement concerning Germany"
6767:
6716:
6688:
6661:
6653:
6604:
6566:
6523:
6484:
6309:
during the war in addition to Polish-Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Although
6290:
5980:
5938:
5885:
5658:
5599:
5495:
5440:
5425:
5370:
5237:
5194:
5019:
on 25 April, leaving unoccupied pockets in southern Germany and around Berlin.
4848:
4637:
4561:
4484:
4381:
4186:
4120:
4014:
3897:
3890:
3878:
3802:
3748:
3626:
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3424:
3374:
which had been supported by German aircraft from bases within Vichy-controlled
2770:
2516:
2492:
2131:
1831:
1815:
1432:
1249:
736:
731:
376:
20743:
20467:
20286:
19629:
19316:
Economic Development in Twentieth Century East Asia: The International Context
18976:
18955:
17968:
17733:(1990). "The historical perspective". In Alex Pravda; Peter J. Duncan (eds.).
17059:
Grove, Eric J. (1995). "A Service Vindicated, 1939–1946". In J.R. Hill (ed.).
16400:
16017:
What Happened Where: A Guide to Places and Events in Twentieth-Century History
15894:
Chinese Capitalists in Japan's New Order: The Occupied Lower Yangzi, 1937–1945
14891:
14496:
14479:
14390:
13496:
The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949
11763:
9772:
5065:
2096:
27276:
26931:
26747:
26705:
26649:
26535:
26494:
26461:
26374:
26259:
26174:
26119:
25979:
25899:
25794:
25644:
25637:
25530:
25483:
25376:
25232:
24169:
22087:
21936:
21775:
21062:
20328:
19699:
19681:
19471:
19127:
18982:
18905:
18462:
18418:
17992:
17860:
17730:
16832:
16724:
Adenauer's Germany and the Nazi Past: The Politics of Amnesty and Integration
16570:
16548:
16191:
16135:
16131:
16091:
16073:
16038:
15990:
15864:
15583:
15478:
15339:
The Cambridge History of the Second World War Volume 2: Politics and Ideology
15223:
15003:
14858:
14835:
14515:
7118:"In Many Ways, Author Says, Spanish Civil War Was 'The First Battle Of WWII'"
7021:
6875:
6809:
6743:
6704:
6669:
6645:
6641:
6620:
6495:
6084:
6060:
6037:
6000:
5873:
5778:
5700:
5696:
5603:
5508:
Besides Germany, the rest of Europe was also divided into Western and Soviet
5413:
5264:
5062:
4995:. Within two weeks, the offensive had been repulsed, the Soviets advanced to
4922:
4287:
to prevent its capture by German forces. Axis forces in Africa withdrew into
4209:
4178:
3765:
the Philippines (an American protectorate scheduled for independence in 1946)
3641:
3464:
3440:
3004:
2954:
2899:
2627:
2587:
2374:
2299:
2123:
1823:
1705:
1127:
436:
364:
357:
115:
26430:
25201:
19046:
19027:
17489:
16957:
16634:
The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West
16123:
15695:
Cantril, Hadley (1940). "America Faces the War: A Study in Public Opinion".
15470:
14478:
Castaldi, Carolina; Fontana, Roberto; Nuvolari, Alessandro (1 August 2009).
12792:
10121:"The First Full Dress Debate over Strategic Deployment. Dec 1941 – Jan 1942"
9066:
6444:
5080:); Goebbels also committed suicide on the following day and was replaced by
4302:
against Germany with a goal to disrupt the war economy, reduce morale, and "
4181:. The Soviets began their second winter counter-offensive, starting with an
540:
27206:
27176:
27083:
27051:
26980:
26857:
26852:
26666:
26659:
26504:
26409:
26209:
26114:
25960:
25934:
25843:
25525:
25513:
25421:
25416:
25280:
25275:
24961:
24468:
24272:
22565:
22470:
22101:
21464:
20912:
20033:
Shepardson, Donald E. (1998). "The Fall of Berlin and the Rise of a Myth".
19731:. History of the Second World War. United Kingdom Military Series. London:
18452:
18002:
17764:
17344:
17158:
The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison
16816:
16416:
15575:
15013:
12898:
11324:
6858:
6680:
6665:
6600:
6570:
6488:
6257:
6240:
6235:
6052:
6048:
5969:
5774:
5517:
5513:
5502:
5452:
5443:, which officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, and adopted the
5393:
5366:
5362:
5335:
4992:
4980:
4773:
4769:
4163:
4155:
4085:
4077:
4046:
4018:
4001:
3901:
3790:
3582:
and in August, the United Kingdom and the United States jointly issued the
3412:
3322:
3318:
3299:
3283:
3092:
3027:
2976:
2626:
pledge to Poland, Germany and Italy formalised their own alliance with the
2556:
2484:
2449:
2244:
as a force to preserve peace. Both Italy and Ethiopia were member nations,
2197:
2177:
2139:
2108:
2010:
1966:
1951:
1847:
1842:, which led to the founding of the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, the victorious
1725:
1225:
1202:
1198:
417:
412:
352:
17998:
The Politics of War: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1943–1945
17362:
17315:(1994). "Labor as spoils of conquest, 1933–1945". In David F. Crew (ed.).
15440:
The Road to Oran: Anglo-French Naval Relations, September 1939 – July 1940
13752:
13711:
Kwoka was murdered with a phenol injection to the heart a few weeks later.
13608:(2nd ed.), 2006. Washington, DC: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
13475:
Bird, Nicky (October 2002). "Berlin: The Downfall 1945 by Antony Beevor".
12793:"Source List and Detailed Death Tolls for the Twentieth Century Hemoclysm"
12067:
11716:
6293:
policies denied resources to the German invaders. Unlike in the West, the
6176:, many of which were used as labour camps, also had high death rates. The
6126:
6099:) as part of a program of deliberate extermination, in effect becoming a "
5750:
5255:. Between the two bombings, the Soviets, pursuant to the Yalta agreement,
3751:. The Dutch government agreed to provide Japan with oil supplies from the
2781:
against Allied merchant and warships, which would later escalate into the
2414:; this manoeuvre bought time for the Chinese to prepare their defences at
27156:
27039:
26936:
26671:
26577:
26550:
26349:
26097:
26092:
26084:
26069:
25894:
25799:
25610:
25446:
25411:
25391:
25371:
25349:
25314:
24107:
24093:
23755:
22424:
22245:
22230:
21584:
20725:
19919:
19337:
19080:
18649:
18480:
18048:
17829:
17756:
17530:
17406:
16771:
Chinese-Soviet Relations, 1937–1945: The Diplomacy of Chinese Nationalism
16441:
Rethinking International Organization: Deregulation and Global Governance
15807:
15736:
15172:
14139:
The Quest: Haywood Hansell and American Strategic Bombing in World War II
13842:
Joint Study of the Sino-Japanese War: Minutes of the June 2002 Conference
13166:"Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji Wisła. Konflikt polsko-ukraiński 1943–1947"
12241:
11750:
Zuberi, Matin (August 2001). "Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki".
10000:
7013:
6929:
The Cambridge History of the Second World War, Volume I: Fighting the War
6804:
6576:
6558:
6535:
6507:
6491:
was pioneered and led to jets becoming standard in air forces worldwide.
6405:
6298:
6120:
6088:
5623:
5619:
5572:
5436:
5405:
5401:
5279:
announced his decision to accept the terms demanded by the Allies in the
5123:
In the Pacific theatre, American forces accompanied by the forces of the
4984:
4887:
4837:
4673:
4609:
4443:
4328:
4257:
4159:
4062:
3810:
3775:
3657:
3539:
to reinforce troops advancing towards central Ukraine and Leningrad. The
3476:
3416:
3383:
3211:
2512:
2508:
2461:
2245:
2073:
2049:
2045:
1884:
1877:
1811:
1685:
1324:
1091:
1083:
697:
615:
327:
212:
20674:
Germany and the Second World War – Germany's Initial Conquests in Europe
17916:
15848:
15461:
Buchanan, Andrew (7 February 2023). "Globalizing the Second World War".
14269:
Aircraft Carriers: The World's Greatest Naval Vessels and Their Aircraft
12268:
11725:"Results of the German and American Submarine Campaigns of World War II"
10743:
the United States Strategic Bombing Survey Summary Report (European War)
7884:
7531:
Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia
7174:
7150:
6911:
Historical Dictionary of World War II: The War against Germany and Italy
6316:
In Asia, Japan termed nations under its occupation as being part of the
4851:
while the Chinese captured Myitkyina. In September 1944, Chinese forces
4204:
2320:
2076:
and nominally unified China in the mid-1920s, but was soon embroiled in
1814:
had radically altered the political European map with the defeat of the
27044:
26489:
25880:
25868:
25838:
25804:
25744:
25426:
23462:
23215:
23194:
22080:
21413:
21341:
20936:
20751:
20654:
Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History
19819:
19366:
Delusions of Intelligence: Enigma, Ultra, and the End of Secure Ciphers
19106:
18521:
18488:
18444:
17976:
17945:
17788:
Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945
17481:
17383:
16857:
16619:
16517:
Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy
15726:
15718:
15443:
14817:
14506:
14073:
Destructive Creation: American Business and the Winning of World War II
14024:
13100:
12716:
China Business: The Portable Encyclopedia for Doing Business with China
8276:
6998:"'Goak here': A.J.P. Taylor and 'The Origins of the Second World War.'"
6783:
6759:
6593:
6531:
6440:
6285:
6092:
6072:
5818:
5627:
5373:
program in Germany led to the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the
4886:. These defeats led to the resignation of the Japanese Prime Minister,
4856:
4542:
4280:
4226:
the German navy ravaged Allied shipping off the American Atlantic coast
3675:
3595:
3489:
3340:
3279:
3196:
3154:
3142:
3130:
offensive intensified with night attacks on London and other cities in
3111:
3088:
3048:
2919:
2879:
2766:
2684:
2663:
2536:
2229:
2065:
1900:
1881:
1444:
1237:
605:
595:
126:
20367:
20336:
20294:
20056:
19976:
19945:
19637:
17225:
16408:
16352:
16275:
Caught Between Roosevelt & Stalin: America's Ambassadors to Moscow
16265:
15631:
15602:
15416:
The Avoidable War: Pierre Laval and the Politics of Reality, 1935–1936
14899:
14012:
11938:
10053:
9177:
8532:
7984:
7976:
7262:
Texts of Soviet–Japanese Statements; Peace Declaration Trade Protocol.
6363:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
6206:
5852:
4894:; soon after, Allied naval forces scored another large victory in the
4170:. The Soviets decided to make their stand at Stalingrad on the Volga.
1292:, and other countries. In June 1941, Germany led the European Axis in
26919:
26909:
26525:
26484:
26314:
26151:
25886:
25848:
25441:
25255:
24909:
24782:
23725:
23130:
22927:
22738:
22529:
22484:
20999:
Japanese Military Strategy in the Pacific War: Was Defeat Inevitable?
20979:
20894:
20627:
A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945–1963
20208:
20147:
19757:
19479:
19319:
19296:
19224:
18863:
In the skies of Europe – Air Forces allied to the Luftwaffe 1939–1945
18560:
18254:
18208:
18161:
Does Conquest Pay?: The Exploitation of Occupied Industrial Societies
17322:
17138:
16444:
16173:
16020:
15840:
15534:
15343:
15318:
15272:
15249:
7122:
6932:
6728:
6608:
6503:
6397:
6138:
5846:
5584:
5580:
5499:
5389:
5298:
5248:
5113:
4820:
in February 1945. Unlike impressive Soviet victories in the Balkans,
4696:
4581:
4442:. The Western Allies fought through several lines until reaching the
4303:
4136:
3904:
was the primary objective. The Americans favoured a straightforward,
3756:
3662:
3618:
main objectives: two key cities remained in Soviet hands, the Soviet
3484:
3480:
3131:
2895:
2798:
2737:
2504:
2441:
2423:
2410:
in May. In June 1938, Chinese forces stalled the Japanese advance by
2287:
2112:
1959:
1396:
1327:, but its advances were halted in 1942 after its defeat in the naval
1269:
1190:
1123:
1095:
1075:
27109:
22005:
20928:
20548:
The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China
19811:
19098:
18436:
17937:
16611:
15519:
14809:
10492:
9339:
8268:
6483:
and surface-to-air artillery, in particular the introduction of the
5814:
5289:, literally "broadcast in the Emperor's voice"). On 15 August 1945,
4679:
On 22 June, the Soviets launched a strategic offensive in Belarus ("
4604:
2833:
in occupied Poland. A significant part of Polish military personnel
2680:
2335:
In July 1937, Japan captured the former Chinese imperial capital of
1311:. In December 1941, Japan attacked American and British territories
1098:, blurring the distinction between military and civilian resources.
27017:
27000:
26946:
26941:
26926:
26914:
26892:
26715:
26683:
26614:
26589:
26304:
26000:
25821:
25649:
25564:
25503:
25466:
21989:
21717:
20203:
Smith, David J.; Pabriks, Artis; Purs, Aldis; Lane, Thomas (2002).
20096:
What Hitler Knew: The Battle for Information in Nazi Foreign Policy
20048:
17109:
Containing Coexistence: America, Russia, and the "Finnish Solution"
16902:"The Soviet-German War 1941–45 Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay"
16298:
The Cambridge History of China - Republican China 1912–1949, Part 2
16223:
In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army
15710:
14628:. History Department at the University of San Diego. Archived from
12744:
Quick Reference Handbook Set, Basic Knowledge and Modern Technology
11301:. Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic.
10387:
The Encyclopedia of Warfare: From Earliest Times to the Present Day
10245:
9483:
8799:
8529:
Deletant, pp. 48–51, 66; Griffin (1993), p. 126; Ornea, pp. 325–327
6676:
6612:
6321:
6297:
encouraged extreme brutality against what it considered to be the "
6100:
5918:
5893:
5834:
5822:
5576:
5276:
5252:
5016:
4801:
4720:
4632:. After reassigning several Allied divisions from Italy, they also
4453:
4253:
4108:
3813:
instead. On 3 November, Nagano explained in detail the plan of the
3798:
3501:
3472:
3336:
3115:
3043:
2695:, Ribbentrop declared that Germany considered its claims rejected.
2348:
2044:
in March 1936, encountering little opposition due to the policy of
1448:
1400:
429:
20167:
The World's Wasted Wealth 2: Save Our Wealth, Save Our Environment
19435:
Appeasement Reconsidered: Investigating the Mythology of the 1930s
17586:
Resisting Rebellion: The History And Politics of Counterinsurgency
15168:
Currents in American History: A Brief History of the United States
14017:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
10077:
9984:
9982:
9773:"Diary: Hirohito prepared for U.S. war before Pearl Harbor attack"
8357:
5994:
4466:
May 1943, as Allied counter-measures became increasingly effective
4248:
forced an Allied retreat deep inside Egypt until Axis forces were
2971:
1387:. Following the refusal of Japan to surrender on the terms of the
1248:
in June 1940, the war continued primarily between Germany and the
27097:
26963:
26958:
26219:
26074:
25986:
24525:
21113:
Unconditional Defeat: Japan, America, and the End of World War II
21045:
Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich in American magazines, 1923–1939
19961:——— (1983). "Khalkhin-Gol: The Forgotten War".
19829:
Fortress Against the Sun: The B-17 Flying Fortress in the Pacific
16677:
Germany and the Second World War – The Attack on the Soviet Union
14480:"'Chariots of fire': the evolution of tank technology, 1915–1945"
14294:
Semper Fi: The Definitive Illustrated History of the U.S. Marines
13844:. Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Archived from
13544:
Terror from the Sky: The Bombing of German Cities in World War II
9026:
8990:
6616:
6468:
6410:
5653:. While European powers attempted to retain some or all of their
5396:
was divided between Poland and the Soviet Union, followed by the
5385:
5381:
5354:
4976:
4937:
4868:
4704:
4288:
4220:
bombing raid on the Focke-Wulf factory in Germany, 9 October 1943
2907:
2887:
2655:
2520:
2336:
2154:, the Kuomintang and CCP forces agreed on a ceasefire to present
1459:. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards
20452:
Swain, Geoffrey (1992). "The Cominform: Tito's International?".
19476:
World War II Behind Closed Doors: Stalin, the Nazis and the West
19198:
Money and Conquest: Allied Occupation Currencies in World War II
18139:
17856:
Fateful Choices: Ten Decisions That Changed the World, 1940–1941
16070:
After Tamerlane: The Rise & Fall of Global Empires 1400–2000
8556:
6417:
about 12 million people, mostly from Eastern Europe, while
6301:" of Slavic descent; most German advances were thus followed by
5941:
of 22,000 Polish officers, and the imprisonment or execution of
3380:
invaded and occupied the French possessions of Syria and Lebanon
3259:, a British possession. From late summer to early autumn, Italy
26990:
26975:
26634:
26239:
22606:
21197:
20070:
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany
15652:
Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas
15557:
15484:
10758:
10233:
9979:
9656:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. pp. 1046–1049.
9555:
9531:
8887:
8688:
6692:
6684:
6510:
warfare had relatively little success at the start of the war,
6460:
5826:
5638:
5480:
5468:
5198:
4901:
4147:
4066:
3516:
3146:
2891:
2789:
2659:
2544:
2404:
1955:
1802:
72:
20976:
Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today
18605:
From Roosevelt to Truman: Potsdam, Hiroshima, and the Cold War
18557:
Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today
16170:
Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today
15754:
Christofferson, Thomas R.; Christofferson, Michael S. (2006).
14192:
World Economic And Social Survey 2004: International Migration
12672:
Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe", in
10906:
8384:
7151:"The Spanish Civil War and the Coming of the Second World War"
6731:, which the Allies used to great effect in operations such as
6557:
tactics. Gradually, improving Allied technologies such as the
5038:
was captured, signalling the military defeat of Nazi Germany.
4948:. On 4 February Soviet, British, and U.S. leaders met for the
4836:
on relatively mild conditions, although Finland was forced to
4636:. These landings were successful and led to the defeat of the
4080:, where they faced Australian and United States troops in the
2922:
was modest, and the Finno-Soviet war ended in March 1940 with
2598:
Greatly alarmed and with Hitler making further demands on the
2013:
in April 1935 in order to contain Germany, a key step towards
1767:, which also restored full diplomatic relations between them.
27161:
27126:
27029:
26752:
26639:
26624:
26204:
26194:
26189:
25661:
25656:
22794:
19897:
In a Sea of Bitterness, Refugees during the Sino-Japanese War
8869:
US Army in WWII – Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Operations
8324:
6751:
6657:
6546:
6480:
6467:, and each role developed considerably. Innovations included
6424:
6150:
5889:
5806:
5607:
5472:
4968:
4844:
4700:
4641:
4589:
4198:
4167:
4144:
2949:
from Romania with German and Italian support, leading to the
2415:
2298:. His greatest collaboration with Germany was the sending of
18839:
The Dieppe Raid: The Story of the Disastrous 1942 Expedition
18483:(1990). "The Battle of the Atlantic". In Gooch, John (ed.).
17924:
Kleinfeld, Gerald R. (1983). "Hitler's Strike for Tikhvin".
15753:
15732:
The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II
15192:
Endgame in NATO's Enlargement: The Baltic States and Ukraine
13968:
13658:"Final Compensation Pending for Former Nazi Forced Laborers"
9685:
US Army in WWII – Strategy, and Command: The First Two Years
9633:
9273:
8911:
8759:
8468:
7848:
7528:
Andrea L. Stanton; Edward Ramsamy; Peter J. Seybolt (2012).
4859:. In China, the Japanese had more successes, having finally
4628:), after three years of Soviet pressure, the Western Allies
4496:
series of attacks in Italy against the line at Monte Cassino
1696:, on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian
26629:
26334:
19922:(1978). ""Barbarossa": Surprise Attack and Communication".
19732:
19124:
Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's Ardennes Offensive, 1944–1945
19058:
War Beneath the Sea: Submarine Conflict During World War II
18628:
Rommel's Desert War: The Life and Death of the Afrika Korps
17202:
Hauner, Milan (1978). "Did Hitler Want a World Dominion?".
16946:"August Storm: The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria"
13375:"Japan tested chemical weapons on Aussie POW: new evidence"
11544:
10954:
10846:
10822:
10703:
10040:
Adolf Hitler's Declaration of War against the United States
9603:
US Army in WWII – Strategy and Command: The First Two Years
9519:
9014:
9002:
8664:
7730:
7485:
7473:
6943:
6624:
6584:
being raised to the top of the detonation "shot tower", at
6197:
6166:
5946:
5568:
3042:. The Germans carried out a flanking manoeuvre through the
2248:
when the former clearly violated Article X of the League's
1122:, more than half of which were civilians. Millions died in
13017:"Non-Jewish Holocaust Victims : The 5,000,000 others"
10930:
10672:
10600:
10564:
10528:
10504:
10305:
10215:
US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare
10185:
US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare
10155:
US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare
10125:
US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare
10089:
9718:
US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare
9154:
7908:
7860:
7632:
6289:
were never attained as fluctuating front-lines and Soviet
5213:
by the end of June. At the same time, a naval blockade by
4867:
by early August. Soon after, they invaded the province of
3605:
in Ukraine and the Baltic region, with only the sieges of
2679:
immediately travel to Berlin to negotiate the handover of
1895:, while German annexation of other states was prohibited,
1672:
World War II began in Europe on 1 September 1939 with the
1443:. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival
1407:, the possibility of more atomic bombings, and the Soviet
18374:
The Pacific War Companion: From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima
17902:
16952:. Leavenworth Papers. Command and General Staff College.
15342:. The Cambridge History of the Second World War (3 vol).
14238:
13021:
10746:
10055:
Events leading up to World War II – Chronological History
9931:
9381:
9213:
9179:
Events leading up to World War II – Chronological History
8628:
8438:"The Winter War – When the Finns Humiliated the Russians"
8396:
7896:
7754:
7560:
7449:
7437:
6161:
occupied in 1939–40 by the Soviet Union, as well as Axis
5230:
the alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction
4739:, followed by those countries' shift to the Allied side.
4456:
troops in a counter-offensive on German positions at the
4269:
deliver desperately needed supplies to the besieged Malta
3896:
During 1942, Allied officials debated on the appropriate
3828:
offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific
3805:
resigned. Hirohito refused the recommendation to appoint
3389:
2914:
in November 1939, and was subsequently expelled from the
19591:
Ritchie, Ella (1992). "France". In Martin Harrop (ed.).
17504:
The Columbia History Of Twentieth-Century French Thought
16827:. CSI Report No. 11. Command and General Staff College.
13417:
Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe
12279:
10918:
10870:
10636:
10540:
10365:
10317:
10281:
9621:
9484:"Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy, 1931–1941"
9102:
8899:
8676:
8640:
8374:
8372:
8236:
7766:
7644:
7361:
5512:. Most eastern and central European countries fell into
5412:; north-east Romania, parts of eastern Finland, and the
5201:
by 3 May. Chinese forces started a counterattack in the
5163:
was the deadliest conventional bombing raid in history.
4808:
on 20 October. A few days later, the Soviets launched a
4541:. This delay slowed subsequent Soviet operations in the
26319:
19777:
World War II Pacific Island Guide: A Geo-Military Study
19002:
Forgotten Battles: Italy's War of Liberation, 1943–1945
17808:
Stalin's Cold War: Soviet Strategies in Europe, 1943–56
17536:
Power and Culture: The Japanese-American War, 1941–1945
17291:
Poland in World War II: An Illustrated Military History
15058:
War, Massacre, and Recovery in Central Italy: 1943–1948
14959:
The Cambridge History of Russia – The Twentieth Century
14477:
13483:(4). Royal Institute of International Affairs: 914–916.
12520:
11802:
11396:
10894:
10834:
10810:
10782:
10770:
10576:
10444:
9579:
9567:
8978:
8966:
8954:
8823:
8700:
8544:
8456:
8303:
7999:
7920:
6134:
5641:
in 1949. In the Middle East, the Arab rejection of the
4999:, and captured the city. In early April, Soviet troops
3651:
2886:
After the outbreak of war in Poland, Stalin threatened
2856:; small shares of Polish territory were transferred to
2720:
1987:
radical, racially motivated revision of the world order
1971:
unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government
21859:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
20431:
A Chronology of Australian Armed Forces at War 1939–45
18673:
Desert Raiders: Axis and Allied Special Forces 1940–43
17179:
Hart, Stephen; Hart, Russell; Hughes, Matthew (2000).
16653:
Forrest, Glen; Evans, Anthony; Gibbons, David (2012).
13751:. Istoriya SSSR., 1990, No. 4, (in Russian). See also
12768:. John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Archived from
12008:
Political Migrations On Polish Territories (1939–1950)
11567:
10978:
10715:
10693:
10691:
10689:
10687:
10648:
10624:
10588:
10257:
10101:
9967:
9345:
9321:
9225:
9090:
8846:"Major international events of 1940, with explanation"
8811:
8616:
8081:"Major international events of 1939, with explanation"
7872:
7742:
7461:
7425:
7397:
7290:"Historical Context: The Global Effect of World War I"
6055:
of Adolf Hitler, was responsible for murdering about 6
5983:
existed before or during World War II. The USAAF
5801:(including Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians), and
4971:
river. By March, the Western Allies crossed the Rhine
4871:, winning major engagements against Chinese forces at
4832:
denied the Soviets occupation of Finland and led to a
4768:
and forced the rapid withdrawal of German Army Groups
3103:
July in an attempt to prevent its seizure by Germany.
2610:
in April 1939, the same guarantee was extended to the
2467:
2444:
had sporadic border clashes with the Soviet Union and
2240:, or AOI); in addition it exposed the weakness of the
2166:
20572:
German Army 1939–1945 (2): North Africa & Balkans
20142:
Russia and the World Economy: Problems of Integration
17350:
Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History
15917:
The Second World War (4): The Mediterranean 1940–1945
15756:
France During World War II: From Defeat to Liberation
14379:
IEE Proceedings – Science, Measurement and Technology
12762:"World War II: Combatants and Casualties (1937–1945)"
12542:. United States Department of State. 7 January 2008.
12396:
12318:
10552:
10516:
10468:
10456:
10420:
10293:
10269:
9417:
9357:
9309:
9201:
9038:
8923:
8712:
8652:
8604:
8580:
8568:
8369:
7932:
7778:
7584:
7572:
7238:
Why Japan and Russia never signed a WWII peace treaty
5685:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
5345:
The Allies established occupation administrations in
4695:
to control territory in Poland and combat the Polish
4562:
an operation against Allied positions in Assam, India
4205:
Western Europe/Atlantic and Mediterranean (1942–1943)
3286:
advancing across the North African desert, April 1941
3248:
Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II
3187:. In September the United States further agreed to a
2788:
On 8 September, German troops reached the suburbs of
2547:
to challenge British naval supremacy. In March 1939,
1993:. France, seeking to secure its alliance with Italy,
1363:. The war in Europe concluded with the liberation of
21129:
21067:
Bagration 1944: The Destruction of Army Group Centre
20202:
19650:
Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953
18810:
Neary, Ian (1992). "Japan". In Martin Harrop (ed.).
17451:
Workers at War: Labor in China's Arsenals, 1937–1953
17427:
Rulers and Victims: The Russians in the Soviet Union
16878:
When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler
16198:
War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War
14855:
Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe 1944–56
14710:
Insights Ias – Simplifying Upsc Ias Exam Preparation
14358:
14346:
12899:
Florida Center for Instructional Technology (2005).
11062:
11050:
11002:
10858:
10612:
10480:
10432:
9543:
9405:
9393:
9297:
9285:
9249:
8793:
8363:
8291:
8099:
7944:
7620:
7608:
7596:
7098:
6891:
5695:
lasted until 1973. Recovery began with the mid-1948
4464:
German operations in the Atlantic also suffered. By
4263:
In August 1942, the Allies succeeded in repelling a
2935:
Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertsa region
2545:
secretly ordered a major build-up of the German navy
2399:
In March 1938, Nationalist Chinese forces won their
2355:. From September to November, the Japanese attacked
2309:
2282:. More than 30,000 foreign volunteers, known as the
20839:; comprehensive overview with emphasis on diplomacy
20795:
Tricolor and Crescent: France and the Islamic World
20485:
Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II
19150:
Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany, and World War II
18738:———; Millett, Allan Reed (2001).
18506:Milward, A.S. (1964). "The End of the Blitzkrieg".
16652:
15081:
Absolute War: Soviet Russia in the Second World War
13634:
12570:
12496:
12456:
11889:
11790:
11666:"March 9, 1945: Burning the Heart Out of the Enemy"
11257:
11140:
10684:
10151:"The Elimination of the Alternatives. Jul–Aug 1942"
9237:
7509:
7193:
6421:more than 18 million people in Far East Asia.
6013:
Forced labour under German rule during World War II
5633:In China, nationalist and communist forces resumed
4313:
3744:again and clashed with Chinese nationalist forces.
3137:Using newly captured French ports, the German Navy
2429:
20948:
20891:Liberalism and War: The Victors and the Vanquished
20139:
20093:
19270:Pacific Asia in the Global System: An Introduction
18975:———; Wheatcroft, Andrew (1999).
17609:The Italian Army 1940–45, Volume 2: Africa 1940–43
16631:
16380:"Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: A Note"
16195:
15939:
14931:
12950:
12420:
12134:
12000:
11998:
11317:
11215:
11074:
11026:
10660:
7796:
7385:
7373:
7053:, p. 124; Yisreelit, Hevrah Mizrahit (1965).
6607:of World War I, which had relied on improved
6307:killed an estimated 2.77 million ethnic Poles
5805:. Between 1941 and 1945, more than 200,000 ethnic
5598:in the Western Pacific, while the Soviets annexed
4224:Exploiting poor American naval command decisions,
4072:Both plans started in July, but by mid-September,
3933:Map of Japanese military advances through mid-1942
3872:
3716:Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale
2816:the last large operational unit of the Polish Army
1915:, and a democratic government, later known as the
19:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see
24864:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo
21135:: The Final Days of Germany's Greatest Battleship
20821:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II
20701:The German Campaigns in the Balkans (Spring 1941)
19754:American War Plans, 1941–1945: The Test of Battle
19728:The War at Sea 1939–1945, Volume 1: The Defensive
19342:Germany and the Second World War – The Global War
16854:Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War
16748:The Eclipse of the Big Gun: The Warship 1906–1945
16160:
15315:Origins of the Cold War: An International History
14581:"The AK-47: the worlds favourite killing machine"
14449:"The Vital Role Of Tanks In The Second World War"
13913:
13901:
13237:
12856:
12564:
12444:
12306:
11778:
11408:
10211:"The Trident Conference – New Patterns: May 1943"
9261:
7148:
6228:Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy
5930:such weapons against civilians, and sometimes on
5147:, and other islands of the Philippines until the
4707:and watched passively as the Germans quelled the
4672:. In Italy, the Allied advance slowed due to the
4000:In early May 1942, Japan initiated operations to
3210:formally united Japan, Italy, and Germany as the
3058:to evacuate a significant number of Allied troops
2945:to Hungary. In September 1940, Bulgaria demanded
2806:. On 17 September 1939, two days after signing a
2460:in April 1941, and Japan adopted the doctrine of
2017:; however, that June, the United Kingdom made an
27274:
21130:Zetterling, Niklas; Tamelander, Michael (2009).
20205:The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
18957:The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia
18865:. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press.
17061:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Royal Navy
16746:Gardiner, Robert; Brown, David K., eds. (2004).
15392:The Strategic Air War Against Germany, 1939–1945
15369:The British Army 1939–45, Volume 3: The Far East
14578:
13865:
13863:
13689:"Color photo of girl at Auschwitz strikes chord"
13651:
13649:
11901:
11877:
11556:
10181:"Casablanca – Beginning of an Era: January 1943"
9849:. University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 29, 35.
8862:
8840:
8838:
8345:, pp. 563–564, 566, 568–569, 574–575 (1983 ed.).
8117:
7294:The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
6178:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
5017:American and Soviet forces met at the Elbe river
4399:On 12 July 1943, the Soviets launched their own
4373:. In April, the Allies launched an operation to
4256:on strategic targets, culminating in the failed
3578:. In July, the UK and the Soviet Union formed a
3547:and industrially-developed Eastern Ukraine (the
3306:, and neutralising several more warships at the
2604:guaranteed their support for Polish independence
2567:on 20 March 1939, forcing the concession of the
2259:
2048:. In October 1936, Germany and Italy formed the
2009:The United Kingdom, France and Italy formed the
1985:of Germany and abolished democracy, espousing a
1325:Japan soon conquered much of the western Pacific
20600:Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies
20592:
20385:The Cambridge History of the Cold War – Origins
18974:
18789:The Cambridge History of the Cold War – Origins
18654:Forgotten Ally: China's World War II, 1937–1945
17630:———; Andrew, Stephen (2002).
16565:
15804:China's Bitter Victory: War with Japan, 1937–45
15164:
14535:
14533:
14402:
14400:
14291:
14271:. Wigston, Leics: Silverdale Books. p. 7.
12330:
12043:
11995:
11958:
11913:
11591:
11579:
11347:
10966:
10764:
10348:Chevrier & Chomiczewski & Garrigue 2004
9599:"Japanese Policy and Strategy 1931 – July 1941"
9561:
9537:
8893:
8805:
8694:
6687:machines, the most well-known being the German
5995:Genocide, concentration camps, and slave labour
4898:, one of the largest naval battles in history.
4882:and decisively defeated Japanese forces in the
4880:offensive against the Mariana and Palau islands
4764:In September 1944, Soviet troops advanced into
4359:isolate Rabaul by capturing surrounding islands
3681:in 1931, the Japanese shelling of the American
3370:In the Middle East in May, Commonwealth forces
2802:. Remnants of the Polish army broke through to
2549:Germany invaded the remainder of Czechoslovakia
2023:goals of capturing vast areas of Eastern Europe
20915:(1981). "Hitler's Late Summer Pause in 1941".
18740:A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War
17178:
16821:"Soviet Defensive Tactics at Kursk, July 1943"
16697:
16377:
16243:
15335:
14956:
14650:
14619:
14617:
13931:
13831:
13829:
13063:Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War
12862:
12753:
12654:
12188:
12098:
12086:
11325:"Armistice Negotiations and Soviet Occupation"
11263:
11110:
10912:
10083:
9708:
9706:
9675:
9673:
9171:
9169:
8745:
8743:
8169:
8075:
8073:
6949:
6926:
6379:Allies to Axis GDP ratio between 1938 and 1945
6185:, the number of Chinese released was only 56.
5475:in 1971, and between the Soviet Union and its
5232:". During this conference, the United Kingdom
4564:, and soon besieged Commonwealth positions at
4298:In June 1943, the British and Americans began
4277:Anglo-American landings in French North Africa
4197:in their front line around the Soviet city of
4013:. Japan's next plan, motivated by the earlier
3704:, but was repulsed by late September. Despite
3574:prompted the United Kingdom to reconsider its
3290:In December 1940, British Empire forces began
3189:trade of American destroyers for British bases
3005:British discontent over the Norwegian campaign
2527:and conceded this territory to Germany in the
2052:. A month later, Germany and Japan signed the
1759:to take place and resolved most post–World War
1232:" across Eastern Europe; in 1940, the Soviets
1177:, and it was preceded by events including the
26460:
26446:
25231:
25217:
24527:History of World War II by region and country
24511:
21213:
21024:(3rd ed.). London & Washington, DC:
20647:
20225:
18879:
18737:
18700:Strategy for Defeat: The Luftwaffe, 1933–1945
18578:Mingst, Karen A.; Karns, Margaret P. (2007).
18458:Hitler's Empire: Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe
18065:
16745:
16324:"Soviet Repression Statistics: Some Comments"
15937:
15600:
15165:Bilhartz, Terry D.; Elliott, Alan C. (2007).
14551:
14539:
14406:
14364:
14352:
14340:
14254:
14214:
13991:
13989:
13860:
13646:
13337:
13238:Carmichael, Cathie; Maguire, Richard (2015).
12936:
12414:
12342:
11692:
11641:The Encyclopedia of Codenames of World War II
11472:
8996:
8835:
8598:
8390:
7854:
7491:
6494:Advances were made in nearly every aspect of
6332:
6131:Prisoner identity photograph of a Polish girl
5849:and other Polish units, in reprisal attacks.
5197:in March, and the British pushed on to reach
5034:capitulated two days later. On 30 April, the
4386:attacked Soviet forces around the Kursk Bulge
4162:and struck south-east to the Caucasus, while
3937:By the end of April 1942, Japan and its ally
3832:attack on the American fleets at Pearl Harbor
2960:
2440:In the mid-to-late 1930s, Japanese forces in
1653:
1048:
570:
556:
20865:
20621:
20569:
20250:Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin
19391:The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle
18999:
18880:Niewyk, Donald L.; Nicosia, Francis (2000).
18760:
18225:
18181:
17881:Germany 1858–1990: Hope, Terror, and Revival
17805:
17629:
17474:History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)
17007:"The greatest military armada ever launched"
16655:The Illustrated Timeline of Military History
16514:
16438:
16378:———; Maksudov, S. (1994).
16037:
15289:
14566:
14562:
14560:
14545:
14530:
14397:
14292:Chenoweth, H. Avery; Nihart, Brooke (2005).
14248:
14177:
13066:. New York: Tylor and Francis. p. 155.
12932:
12930:
12648:
12324:
12146:
12128:
11824:, Vol. 31, No. 4 (Spring 2007), pp. 162–179.
11710:
11573:
11454:
11365:
10852:
10828:
10709:
10678:
9639:
9525:
8670:
8330:
8042:
8040:
7479:
6573:proved effective against German submarines.
5943:hundreds of thousands of political prisoners
5733:
5275:. On the night of 9–10 August 1945, Emperor
4902:Axis collapse and Allied victory (1944–1945)
4719:was also quelled by the Germans. The Soviet
4355:eliminate Japanese forces from the Aleutians
4135:, and then in June 1942 launched their main
4099:
4069:, the main Japanese base in Southeast Asia.
3378:. Between June and July, British-led forces
3367:, which continued until the end of the war.
3241:
3118:started in August but its failure to defeat
1728:from May to September 1939. Others view the
1074:(1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a
20943:
20405:
18577:
18248:
18099:The Strategic Bombing of Germany, 1940–1945
17563:The British Empire and the Second World War
17038:The Holocaust in Italian Culture, 1944–2010
16515:Evans, David C.; Peattie, Mark R. (2012) .
15312:
14909:Normandy 1944: Allied Landings and Breakout
14774:
14614:
14316:
14266:
14208:
13826:
12993:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
12719:. Petaluma, CA: World Trade Press. p.
12402:
12354:
12256:
11643:. Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 118.
11496:
10095:
9988:
9904:. Investigation of the Pearl Harbor attack.
9806:. p. 126, citing Kenji Tomita's diary.
9703:
9670:
9506:
9166:
8740:
8480:
8111:
8070:
7914:
7799:"The Forgotten Soviet-Japanese War of 1939"
7443:
5987:, killing 393,000 civilians, including the
5643:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
5007:and swept across western Germany capturing
4930:a massive counter-offensive in the Ardennes
4367:neutralised the major Japanese base at Truk
4183:encirclement of German forces at Stalingrad
3757:planning an invasion of the Soviet Far East
3734:culminated in armed clashes in January 1941
3317:to North Africa; at the end of March 1941,
2636:German–Polish declaration of non-aggression
1786:
1321:European Axis powers declared war on the US
26453:
26439:
25224:
25210:
24518:
24504:
21220:
21206:
21047:. Bowling Green University Popular Press.
21022:The Evolution of the United Nations System
20032:
19408:
18581:United Nations in the Twenty-First Century
18485:Decisive Campaigns of the Second World War
18397:Japanese Relations with Vietnam, 1951–1987
18342:
18205:The Second World War: Ambitions to Nemesis
16097:Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory
16047:The Reader's Companion to Military History
15552:Bull, Martin J.; Newell, James L. (2005).
15551:
15523:; Smith, Alastair; Siverson, Randolph M.;
15336:Bosworth, Richard; Maiolo, Joseph (2015).
14623:
14052:
14050:
14019:. 204, Democracy and the Americas: 42–48.
13986:
13570:
12880:
12712:
12600:
12110:
11839:
11723:Poirier, Michel Thomas (20 October 1999).
11562:
11157:
11155:
11133:, pp. 10–11), and is capped with the
10990:
10936:
10051:
9175:
7656:
7415:
7063:, p. vii; Kellogg, William O (2003).
6530:. Carriers were also more economical than
6479:also advanced, including defences such as
6425:Advances in technology and its application
5911:used a variety of such weapons during its
5856:Bodies of Chinese civilians killed by the
5579:—would be accompanied by an unprecedented
4806:liberation of the capital city of Belgrade
4794:increasingly successful guerrilla campaign
4545:region. By late May 1944, the Soviets had
4490:From November 1943, during the seven-week
3122:forced the indefinite postponement of the
3112:Luftwaffe attacks on shipping and harbours
3003:, Norway was conquered within two months.
2898:with military invasion, forcing the three
2551:and subsequently split it into the German
2351:support, effectively ending China's prior
1931:seized power in Italy with a nationalist,
1660:
1646:
1349:invaded German-occupied France at Normandy
1110:of population centres and delivery of the
1055:
1041:
563:
549:
20309:
19831:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Publishing.
19517:
19045:
18832:
18602:
18202:
17923:
17704:
17679:
17472:Hsu, Long-hsuen; Chang, Ming-kai (1971).
17106:
16976:
16014:
15986:"The Volunteer Armies of Northeast China"
15824:
15630:
15554:Italian Politics: Adjustment Under Duress
15317:(2nd ed.). Abingdon & New York:
15271:(3rd ed.). Abingdon & New York:
15266:
15136:
15101:
14929:
14852:
14824:
14673:
14579:Sprague, Oliver; Griffiths, Hugh (2006).
14557:
14505:
14495:
14124:
13735:
13726:, Vol. 98, No. 4 (Oct. 1993), pp. 1017–49
13111:(1). Croatian Institute of History: 117.
12927:
12797:Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century
12576:
12526:
12502:
12336:
12312:
12049:
12004:
11964:
11937:
11919:
11808:
11796:
11490:
11382:. Kluwer Law International. p. 426.
11146:
10924:
10642:
9937:
9387:
9351:
9231:
9142:
9130:
8777:
8462:
8257:The American Journal of International Law
8254:
8180:
8037:
7830:"Nomonhan: The Second Russo-Japanese War"
7827:
7367:
7046:
5989:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
5937:The Soviet Union was responsible for the
5766:and during the final battles in Germany.
5670:industrial disarmament in Western Germany
4599:
4551:largely expelled Axis forces from Ukraine
4111:soldiers on the counterattack during the
4025:in Alaska. In mid-May, Japan started the
3007:led to the resignation of Prime Minister
2056:, which Italy joined the following year.
1765:Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956
1749:peace treaty between Japan and the Allies
1732:as the start or prelude to World War II.
1704:on 3 October 1935. The British historian
1371:and the Soviet Union, culminating in the
1369:invasion of Germany by the Western Allies
1313:in Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific
21178:West Point Maps of the Asian-Pacific War
21042:
20888:
20815:
20226:Smith, Winston; Steadman, Ralph (2004).
19826:
19543:
19362:
19241:
19054:
18670:
18226:Lindberg, Michael; Todd, Daniel (2001).
18158:
17735:Soviet-British Relations Since the 1970s
17653:Jukes, Geoffrey (2001). "Kuznetzov". In
17471:
17155:
16657:. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group.
16626:
16491:
16461:
16130:
15964:
15938:Collier, Martin; Pedley, Philip (2000).
15801:
15776:
15496:
15460:
15189:
14795:
14608:
14136:
14112:
14056:
13969:Christofferson & Christofferson 2006
13895:
13780:"Japanese Atrocities in the Philippines"
13225:
13136:"The Effects of the Volhynian Massacres"
12490:
12486:
12426:
11968:Political Migrations in Poland 1939–1948
11784:
11538:
11505:, pp. xiii–xiv, 6–8, 68–70, 329–330
11380:Multilateral Treaty Calendar – 1648–1995
11245:
11221:
11203:
11185:
11122:
11080:
11044:
11032:
11020:
10948:
10582:
10546:
10371:
10323:
10287:
9949:
9801:
9627:
9585:
9573:
9435:
9279:
9108:
9056:
8917:
8905:
8765:
8622:
8610:
8538:
8490:Romanian policy towards Germany, 1936–40
8474:
8378:
8196:
8005:
7926:
7736:
7650:
7403:
6897:
6829:
6575:
6434:
6263:
6239:
6125:
6032:
5991:, and destroying 65% of built-up areas.
5851:
5749:
5489:
5325:
5165:
4905:
4741:
4603:
4448:
4418:On 3 September 1943, the Western Allies
4317:
4208:
4103:
3928:
3769:
3694:Japanese-American relations deteriorated
3661:
3553:
3411:and the Soviet Union after 1941; Green:
3399:
3273:
2970:
2941:on Romania which led to the transfer of
2866:
2730:
2577:
2471:
2319:
2176:
1946:
1792:
21115:. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources.
20694:
20671:
20570:Thomas, Nigel; Andrew, Stephen (1998).
20228:All Riot on the Western Front, Volume 3
19893:
19868:
19797:
19774:
19724:
19670:
19644:
19613:
19593:Power and Policy in Liberal Democracies
19590:
19500:The Brassey's Book of Military Blunders
19267:
19022:
18812:Power and Policy in Liberal Democracies
18783:
18763:The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945
18625:
18551:
18528:
18505:
18451:
18371:
18319:
18019:
17852:
17828:
17781:
17557:
17423:
17400:
17311:
17137:(2nd ed.). London & New York:
16791:
16671:
16595:
16295:
15914:
15694:
15668:
15574:
15366:
15219:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
15078:
14239:Klavans, Di Benedetto & Prudom 1997
14106:
14047:
13919:
13907:
13686:
13625:
13530:Journal of Women in Culture and Society
13498:. Cambridge: Belknap Press. p. 70.
13493:
13092:
12847:
12759:
12673:
12624:
12612:
12462:
12348:
12122:
12104:
12092:
11872:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
11859:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
11722:
11550:
11414:
11152:
11102:
11092:
10900:
10840:
10816:
10788:
10776:
10721:
10594:
10462:
10450:
10383:
10335:
9913:
9883:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
9842:
9831:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
9818:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
9748:Hirohito and the making of modern Japan
9411:
9399:
9303:
9255:
9219:
9148:
9136:
9032:
9020:
9008:
8984:
8972:
8945:
8829:
8817:
8706:
8586:
8574:
8435:
8418:. Frank Cass Publishers, Portland, OR.
8342:
8200:
8121:World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia
7878:
7866:
7748:
7638:
7467:
7431:
7215:. usa.usembassy.de. 12 September 1990.
7088:
6996:Hett, Benjamin Carter (1 August 1996).
6977:World War II: America at war, 1941–1945
6974:Polmar, Norman; Thomas B. Allen (1991)
6780:oil pipelines under the English Channel
6339:Military production during World War II
5687:(IBRD), which later became part of the
5301:on the deck of the American battleship
5143:in March. Fighting continued on Luzon,
4693:Polish Committee of National Liberation
3459:, with Germany accusing the Soviets of
3347:; however, the Yugoslav government was
3077:France signed an armistice with Germany
2771:cautious French probe into the Saarland
1911:The German Empire was dissolved in the
1305:dominate East Asia and the Asia-Pacific
1228:had partitioned Poland and marked out "
1220:on Germany on 3 September. Under their
1114:ever used in war. World War II was the
27275:
23074:
23052:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
21110:
21087:
21061:
20868:Strategy and Tactics: Infantry Warfare
20842:
20789:
20544:
20521:
20505:
20482:
20382:
20343:
20270:
20244:
20063:
19845:
19431:
19409:Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (2002) .
19313:
19218:
19195:
19121:
18860:
18693:
18648:
18479:
18394:
18294:
18122:"Japanese Plans and American Defenses"
18096:
17877:
17755:
17729:
17713:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
17688:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
17606:
17497:Ingram, Norman (2006). "Pacifism". In
17496:
17448:
17288:
17267:Carriers in Combat: The Air War at Sea
17243:Kursk 1943: The Tide Turns in the East
17201:
17129:
17035:
17001:
16943:
16918:
16899:
16874:
16851:
16815:
16768:
16318:
16090:
16067:
15983:
15110:
15104:The Middle East: Crossroads of History
15030:
15002:
14979:
14906:
14296:. New York: Main Street. p. 180.
14226:
14189:
14069:
13980:
13808:
13784:American Experience: the Bataan Rescue
13766:
13349:
13098:
13059:
12948:
12829:from the original on 22 September 2008
12636:
12514:
12474:
12438:
12140:
12116:
12014:. Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences.
11895:
11883:
11833:
11749:
11597:
11526:
11514:
11502:
11466:
11402:
11377:
11299:Museum of the Slovak National Uprising
11281:
11269:
11233:
11173:
11161:
11130:
11096:
11068:
11056:
11008:
10996:
10984:
10876:
10804:
10800:
10654:
10630:
10606:
10570:
10558:
10534:
10510:
10498:
10474:
10311:
10239:
10107:
9770:
9714:"The Showdown With Japan Aug–Dec 1941"
9466:
9423:
9375:
9327:
9315:
9291:
9243:
9160:
9120:
9096:
9044:
8960:
8789:
8749:
8730:
8682:
8646:
8550:
8486:
8402:
8309:
8297:
8242:
8192:
8175:
8019:"The German Campaign In Poland (1939)"
7962:
7938:
7902:
7890:
7784:
7760:
7662:
7602:
7590:
7578:
7566:
7503:
7455:
7419:
7351:
7199:
7104:
7069:. Barron's Educational Series. p. 236
7060:
7050:
6603:changed from the static frontlines of
6318:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
6017:Kidnapping of children by Nazi Germany
5240:replaced Churchill as Prime Minister.
5084:, in what would later be known as the
4965:Western Allies entered western Germany
4725:strategic offensive in eastern Romania
4699:; the Soviet Red Army remained in the
4660:, and the Western Allies continued to
4407:, but the Soviets broke through it at
4139:against southern Russia, to seize the
3963:resistance by Filipino and U.S. forces
3924:
3390:Axis attack on the Soviet Union (1941)
2741:tearing down the border crossing into
1757:reunification of East and West Germany
1743:on 2 September 1945, which officially
1466:
27433:Wars involving the Dominican Republic
26434:
25205:
24499:
23923:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
23355:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
23001:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
22957:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
22055:Rape during the occupation of Germany
21201:
21019:
20866:Wiest, Andrew; Barbier, M.K. (2002).
20724:
20451:
20428:
20188:(5th ed.). Manchester: Goodall.
20186:Pedestal: The Convoy That Saved Malta
20183:
20164:
20137:
20091:
19989:Lithuania 1940: Revolution from Above
19960:
19918:
19496:
19290:
19170:
19144:
18953:
18932:
18904:
18809:
18271:
18124:. In Greenfield, Kent Roberts (ed.).
18119:
18075:The Cambridge History of the Cold War
17991:
17652:
17529:
17476:(2nd ed.). Chung Wu Publishers.
17403:Italy's Sorrow: A Year of War 1944–45
17263:
17240:
17058:
16537:
16426:from the original on 13 February 2022
16246:Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature
16190:
15891:
15863:
15725:
15649:
15437:
15412:
15290:Bonner, Kit; Bonner, Carolyn (2001).
15240:
15055:
14875:
14590:from the original on 28 December 2018
14418:
14376:
14328:
14161:
14007:
13762:
13655:
13640:
13468:
13288:
13115:from the original on 17 November 2015
13047:
12874:
12700:
12660:
12450:
12360:
12262:
12218:from the original on 15 December 2021
12194:
11638:
11609:
11585:
11353:
11197:
11114:
11014:
10972:
10960:
10888:
10864:
10752:
10666:
10522:
10426:
10299:
10275:
10251:
10066:from the original on 14 December 2013
9961:
9750:. HarperPerennial. pp. 399–414.
9470:
9363:
9207:
9190:from the original on 14 December 2013
8941:
8929:
8718:
8658:
8634:
8444:from the original on 19 December 2021
8105:
7950:
7836:from the original on 24 November 2005
7797:Goldman, Stuart D. (28 August 2012).
7772:
7626:
7614:
7515:
7391:
7092:
6927:Ferris, John; Mawdsley, Evan (2015).
6633:advances continued throughout the war
6059:million Jews in what is now known as
6025:Soviet war crimes § World War II
5951:mass civilian deportations to Siberia
5447:in 1948 as a common standard for all
5445:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
5308:on 2 September 1945, ending the war.
4527:halted on the pre-war Estonian border
4513:that expelled German forces from the
4347:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
3632:By early December, freshly mobilised
3601:By October, Axis powers had achieved
3471:of ending the 1941 campaign near the
3405:European theatre of World War II
3361:invasion of the Greek island of Crete
2937:. In August 1940, Hitler imposed the
2924:some Finnish concessions of territory
1995:allowed Italy a free hand in Ethiopia
544:
25:The Second World War (disambiguation)
27678:Wars involving the Republic of China
26531:Post-classical history (Middle Ages)
23045:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
22070:Rape during the liberation of France
21090:Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg
20996:
20973:
20911:
20766:
20169:. Institute for Economic Democracy.
20118:
20009:
19983:
19872:Henry L. Stimson: The First Wise Man
19751:
19698:
19569:
19470:
19387:
19336:
19079:
18761:Myers, Ramon; Peattie, Mark (1987).
18725:from the original on 24 January 2022
18531:War, Economy, and Society, 1939–1945
17952:
17583:
17377:
17343:
17318:Nazism and German Society, 1933–1945
17081:
16720:
16272:
16220:
16140:The Oxford Companion to World War II
15654:. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
15601:Burcher, Roy; Rydill, Louis (1995).
15390:British Bombing Survey Unit (1998).
15389:
15143:Recreating Japanese Women, 1600–1945
14831:Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps
14421:The Evolution of Weapons and Warfare
14267:Bishop, Chris; Chant, Chris (2004).
14242:
14194:. United Nations Pubns. p. 23.
14173:
14031:from the original on 26 January 2024
14013:"The Struggle for Mineral Resources"
13995:
13956:
13877:from the original on 30 October 2004
13687:Pearson, Alexander (19 March 2018).
13587:from the original on 17 January 2011
13533:, 2006, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 996–1025
13474:
13312:
13133:
12967:from the original on 10 October 2017
12886:
12588:
12540:"The Bretton Woods Conference, 1944"
12152:
11907:
11845:
11698:
11663:
11478:
11209:
10697:
10618:
10486:
10438:
10359:
10263:
10131:from the original on 9 November 2012
10052:Klooz, Marle; Wiley, Evelyn (1944),
10023:
9973:
9925:
9724:from the original on 9 November 2012
9654:Nomonhan: Japan against Russia, 1939
9651:
9549:
9494:from the original on 14 January 2022
9488:U.S. Department of State Publication
9267:
9176:Klooz, Marle; Wiley, Evelyn (1944),
8562:
7695:
7379:
7318:
7181:from the original on 1 February 2022
6995:
6349:
6277:civilian victims in the Soviet Union
6063:. They also murdered an additional 4
5985:bombed a total of 67 Japanese cities
4942:pushing from the Vistula to the Oder
4892:invaded the Filipino island of Leyte
4711:initiated by the Armia Krajowa. The
4683:") that nearly destroyed the German
4252:. On the Continent, raids of Allied
4065:, as a first step towards capturing
3809:in his place, choosing War Minister
3652:War breaks out in the Pacific (1941)
3313:Italian defeats prompted Germany to
3294:against Italian forces in Egypt and
3024:launched an offensive against France
2831:clandestine state apparatus remained
2721:War breaks out in Europe (1939–1940)
2698:
2004:
1405:invasion of the Japanese archipelago
1361:captured key western Pacific islands
1165:included unresolved tensions in the
188:1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945
21164:West Point Maps of the European War
20511:The Origins of the Second World War
19848:The Marshall Plan Fifty Years Later
19739:from the original on 4 January 2022
19706:(Revised ed.). Baltimore, MD:
18883:The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust
18417:
18042:
16922:The Battle for Leningrad: 1941–1944
16801:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
16015:Cook, Chris; Bewes, Diccon (1997).
15212:
13820:
13487:
13361:
13300:
13203:. The University of Hawaii System.
13194:
12176:from the original on 5 October 2023
10027:
9771:Kitano, Ryuichi (6 December 2021).
9742:
9609:from the original on 6 January 2013
7717:
7333:from the original on 14 August 2021
7254:
6915:Rowman & Littlefield Publishing
6283:In the East, the intended gains of
5924:early conflicts against the Soviets
5793:, at least 1.9 million ethnic
5596:administered Japan's former islands
5590:In Asia, the United States led the
5161:bombing raid on Tokyo of 9–10 March
5003:, while the Western Allies finally
4847:, pushing the Japanese back to the
4733:a successful coup d'état in Romania
3740:. In September, Japan attempted to
3728:; in retaliation, Japan instituted
3495:dispossessing the native population
3236:territory ceded to the Soviet Union
3124:proposed German invasion of Britain
3116:German campaign for air superiority
2997:Denmark capitulated after six hours
2553:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
2535:to Hungary, and Poland annexed the
2468:European occupations and agreements
2167:Italian invasion of Ethiopia (1935)
1853:To prevent a future world war, the
1427:, marking the end of the conflict.
110:From top to bottom, left to right:
13:
26500:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
23271:German invasion of the Netherlands
21544:Weather events during World War II
20951:Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision
20651:; Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2004).
19221:An A–Z of Modern Europe Since 1789
18911:War and Economy in the Third Reich
18298:The United States and World War II
18022:Tobruk 1941: Rommel's Opening Move
17181:The German Soldier in World War II
15499:Europe's Troubled Peace, 1945–2000
15350:. pp. 313–314. Archived from
14778:The Making of the Second World War
14459:from the original on 25 March 2022
13835:
13749:On repatriation of Soviet citizens
13701:from the original on 19 March 2018
13656:Marek, Michael (27 October 2005).
13207:from the original on 23 March 2010
12905:A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust
12546:from the original on 17 April 2022
12384:from the original on 24 March 2023
11676:from the original on 23 March 2017
11331:from the original on 30 April 2011
10161:from the original on 30 April 2013
9863:from the original on 15 March 2024
9783:from the original on 17 April 2022
9514:Pearl Harbor: The First Energy War
8875:from the original on 30 April 2013
8087:from the original on 10 March 2013
7130:from the original on 16 April 2021
6788:developed, mass-produced, and used
6668:in urban and jungle settings. The
6611:that outmatched the speed of both
6254:annexed portions of Czechoslovakia
5697:currency reform in Western Germany
5170:Japanese foreign affairs minister
4985:encircling the German Army Group B
4703:district on the other side of the
4689:another Soviet strategic offensive
4624:On 6 June 1944 (commonly known as
4539:re-establish national independence
3206:At the end of September 1940, the
3157:scored a significant victory on 27
2985:Germany invaded Denmark and Norway
2773:. The Western Allies also began a
2712:Diplomatic history of World War II
2401:first major victory at Taierzhuang
1868:Despite strong pacifist sentiment
1307:, and by 1937 was at war with the
14:
27729:
27688:Wars involving the United Kingdom
26415:Western European and Others Group
23902:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
21157:
20406:Sumner, Ian; Baker, Alix (2001).
19083:(1993). "Why Japan Surrendered".
17085:Modern Japan: A Historical Survey
15967:The Story of the Second World War
15246:World War Two: A Military History
14716:from the original on 11 July 2022
14484:Journal of Evolutionary Economics
14141:. Diane Publishing. p. 203.
14090:from the original on 7 March 2023
13442:. ABC-CLIO. 2006. pp. 480–.
13240:The Routledge History of Genocide
13176:from the original on 24 June 2018
13146:from the original on 21 June 2018
13080:from the original on 7 March 2023
13029:from the original on 3 March 2013
12803:from the original on 7 March 2011
12790:
11616:. Scott Andrew Selby. p. 8.
11258:Forrest, Evans & Gibbons 2012
10408:from the original on 19 July 2019
10007:. New York: Viking. pp. 256–257.
8852:from the original on 25 May 2013.
8511:from the original on 7 March 2023
8436:Massari, Ivano (18 August 2015).
8138:from the original on 7 March 2023
7809:from the original on 29 June 2015
7710:Levene, Mark and Roberts, Penny.
7683:from the original on 7 March 2023
7548:from the original on 7 March 2023
7300:from the original on 4 March 2024
7287:
7028:from the original on 7 March 2023
6232:Collaboration with Imperial Japan
5809:, along with Roma and Jews, were
5090:Total and unconditional surrender
4424:Italy's armistice with the Allies
4271:. A few months later, the Allies
4173:By mid-November, the Germans had
3644:, allowed the Soviets to begin a
3580:military alliance against Germany
3265:incursion into British-held Egypt
2705:List of timelines of World War II
2495:pictured just before signing the
2310:Japanese invasion of China (1937)
2232:into the newly created colony of
2161:
2036:Hitler defied the Versailles and
1753:treaty regarding Germany's future
1473:List of timelines of World War II
1403:on 9 August. Faced with imminent
27693:Wars involving the United States
24462:
21227:
21192:Atlas of the World Battle Fronts
19441:. Diane Publishing. p. 50.
18251:Italian Foreign Policy 1870–1940
18249:Lowe, C.J.; Marzari, F. (2002).
18045:Nanking 1937: Memory and Healing
16002:from the original on 11 May 2012
14775:Adamthwaite, Anthony P. (1992).
14728:
14698:
14682:. Air University. Archived from
14667:
14644:
14602:
14572:
14471:
14441:
14412:
14370:
14334:
14322:
14310:
14285:
14260:
14232:
14220:
14183:
14167:
14155:
14130:
14118:
14062:
14001:
13974:
13962:
13950:
13937:
13925:
13889:
13814:
13802:
13772:
13741:
13729:
13716:
13680:
13664:. Deutsche Welle. Archived from
13619:
13599:
13564:
13536:
13521:
13502:
13430:
13409:
13399:
13367:
13355:
13343:
13331:
13306:
13294:
13282:
13256:
13231:
13219:
13188:
13158:
13127:
13053:
13041:
13009:
12979:
12952:"Holocaust: The Ignored Reality"
12949:Snyder, Timothy (16 July 2009).
12942:
12915:from the original on 16 May 2016
12892:
12868:
12841:
12815:
12784:
12737:
12706:
12694:
12677:A Companion to Europe Since 1945
12666:
12642:
12630:
12618:
12606:
12594:
12582:
12558:
12532:
12508:
12480:
12468:
12432:
12408:
12366:
12240:. United Nations. Archived from
12230:
12200:
12158:
12031:from the original on 20 May 2014
11864:
11851:
11827:
11814:
11743:
11704:
11657:
11632:
11610:Selby, Scott A. (28 July 2021).
11603:
11532:
11520:
11508:
11484:
11460:
11448:
11420:
11371:
11359:
11305:from the original on 19 May 2020
11287:
11275:
11251:
11239:
11227:
11191:
11179:
11167:
11086:
11038:
10942:
10882:
10794:
10727:
10377:
10353:
10341:
10329:
10221:from the original on 25 May 2013
10203:
10191:from the original on 25 May 2013
10173:
10143:
10113:
10045:
10033:
10017:
9994:
9955:
9943:
9919:
9907:
9888:
9875:
9836:
9823:
9810:
9795:
9764:
9736:
9691:from the original on 25 May 2013
9645:
9591:
9476:
9460:
9429:
9369:
9050:
8935:
8856:
8794:Zetterling & Tamelander 2009
8783:
8771:
8224:from the original on 20 May 2022
8025:from the original on 24 May 2014
7155:The International History Review
6965:Transaction Publishers pp. 7, 30
6851:
6404:, and Germany's late shift to a
6354:
6067:million others who were deemed "
6042:Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
5913:invasion and occupation of China
5803:other ethnic and minority groups
5269:southern part of Sakhalin Island
5176:Japanese Instrument of Surrender
5104:, to be effective by the end of
4838:fight their former German allies
4729:considerable German troops there
4674:last major German defensive line
4314:Allies gain momentum (1943–1944)
4273:commenced an attack of their own
4267:and, at a high cost, managed to
4265:second attack against El Alamein
4090:offensive into the Arakan region
3629:of the war in Europe had ended.
3407:animation map, 1939–1945 – Red:
3252:In early June 1940, the Italian
2912:The Soviet Union invaded Finland
2727:European theatre of World War II
2602:, the United Kingdom and France
2436:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
2430:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
2068:(KMT) party in China launched a
1975:became the Chancellor of Germany
1708:views the beginning of World War
1088:Nearly all the world's countries
435:
423:
411:
387:
375:
363:
351:
100:
91:
80:
71:
60:
51:
27683:Wars involving the Soviet Union
20347:Journal of Contemporary History
19964:Journal of Contemporary History
19925:Journal of Contemporary History
19846:Schain, Martin A., ed. (2001).
19126:(New ed.). Cambridge, MA:
19033:The Journal of American History
18529:——— (1992) .
18185:History of the Second World War
17806:Kennedy-Pipe, Caroline (1995).
17205:Journal of Contemporary History
16977:Goldstein, Margaret J. (2004).
15965:Commager, Henry Steele (2004).
15530:The Logic of Political Survival
13456:from the original on 4 May 2024
13270:from the original on 7 May 2022
13266:. HistoryNet. 6 November 2017.
12997:from the original on 7 May 2016
12074:from the original on 3 May 2018
11946:from the original on 3 May 2018
11620:from the original on 4 May 2024
11295:"Slovak National Uprising 1944"
9061:, Routledge, pp. 119–126,
8592:
8523:
8429:
8408:
8348:
8315:
8248:
8206:
8186:
8153:
8058:from the original on 5 May 2016
8011:
7956:
7821:
7790:
7704:
7521:
7497:
7409:
7312:
7281:
7278:declaration enters into force "
7231:
7219:from the original on 7 May 2012
7205:
7142:
7110:
7040:
6271:hanged by the German army. The
5762:and 40 million civilians.
5392:were taken over by Poland, and
5261:invaded Japanese-held Manchuria
5189:In May 1945, Australian troops
5135:by the end of April 1945. They
4472:and Winston Churchill met with
4394:ousting and arrest of Mussolini
4306:" the civilian population. The
3873:Axis advance stalls (1942–1943)
3467:, Moscow and Ukraine, with the
3429:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
2929:In June 1940, the Soviet Union
2837:and Latvia; many of them later
2763:Polish defenses at Westerplatte
2703:For a chronological guide, see
1857:was established in 1920 by the
1739:), rather than with the formal
1692:on 7 July 1937, or the earlier
1607:Battle of Europe air operations
1461:economic recovery and expansion
1353:regained its territorial losses
1294:an invasion of the Soviet Union
1106:, with the latter enabling the
27673:Wars involving the Philippines
27668:Wars involving the Netherlands
24149:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
21852:Territorial changes of Germany
21760:Indonesian National Revolution
21088:——— (2002).
20522:——— (1979).
19708:Johns Hopkins University Press
19249:. Basingstoke & New York:
19202:Johns Hopkins University Press
19028:"Oil and the American Century"
18954:——— (2004).
18933:——— (1995).
17853:——— (2007).
17705:——— (2000).
16950:Combined Arms Research Library
16944:——— (2005).
16919:——— (2002).
16900:——— (2001).
16875:——— (1998).
16852:——— (1989).
16825:Combined Arms Research Library
16492:——— (2003).
16439:Emadi-Coffin, Barbara (2002).
15898:University of California Press
15896:. Berkeley & Los Angeles:
15674:Democracy in Europe: A History
15603:"Concepts in Submarine Design"
15148:University of California Press
15146:. Berkeley & Los Angeles:
15031:——— (2012).
14853:——— (2012).
14674:Rowe, Neil C.; Rothstein, Hy.
14626:"Code Breaking in World War I"
14586:. controlarms.org. p. 1.
13724:The American Historical Review
13383:. 27 July 2004. Archived from
12713:Genzberger, Christine (1994).
9516:. History Today. December 2000
8541:, pp. 367, 376, 379, 417.
8416:The Soviet Invasion of Finland
8160:The UK declared war on Germany
6989:
6968:
6963:Imperial Japan's World War Two
6955:
6920:
6903:
6857:Reparations were exacted from
6835:
6822:
6443:launched from a fixed site in
6431:Technology during World War II
6343:Home front during World War II
6303:mass atrocities and war crimes
6224:Resistance during World War II
5977:international humanitarian law
5729:Historiography of World War II
5157:a massive firebombing campaign
5082:Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk
4934:along the French-German border
4498:and tried to outflank it with
3163:sinking the German battleship
2841:in other theatres of the war.
2586:(right) and the Soviet leader
2345:non-aggression pact with China
1913:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1694:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
1393:dropped the first atomic bombs
1381:German unconditional surrender
1179:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
1:
27423:Wars involving Czechoslovakia
23549:Japanese invasion of Thailand
23500:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
23264:German invasion of Luxembourg
21638:Mediterranean and Middle East
20316:The English Historical Review
19677:The Penguin History of Europe
19000:O'Reilly, Charles T. (2001).
18603:Miscamble, Wilson D. (2007).
18584:(3rd ed.). Boulder, CO:
18295:Maddox, Robert James (1992).
18274:The Chinese Civil War 1945–49
18188:(4th ed.). London: Pan.
18132:US Government Printing Office
17708:Coming Apart, Coming Together
17680:Kantowicz, Edward R. (1999).
17424:Hosking, Geoffrey A. (2006).
17088:(3rd ed.). Boulder, CO:
16258:10.1525/lal.1991.3.2.02a00030
15394:. London & Portland, OR:
14798:The Pacific Historical Review
14761:
14419:Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt (1982).
13873:. Library of Congress. 1992.
12565:DeLong & Eichengreen 1993
10963:, pp. 211, 235, 267–268.
9804:Shōwa tennō no jūgo-nen sensō
9340:Bueno de Mesquita et al. 2003
8164:France followed 6 hours later
7832:. MilitaryHistoryOnline.com.
7167:10.1080/07075332.1987.9640449
7066:American History the Easy Way
6213:
5813:by the Axis-aligned Croatian
5760:20 million military personnel
5649:marked the escalation of the
5622:and the United States in the
5558:tension with the Soviet Union
5418:annexed into the Soviet Union
5410:2 million Poles were expelled
5153:United States Army Air Forces
4670:failed to cross the Rur river
4094:insertion of irregular forces
3883:Declaration by United Nations
3702:first attack against Changsha
3365:Axis occupation of Yugoslavia
3315:deploy an expeditionary force
2749:On 1 September 1939, Germany
2390:capturing the capital Nanking
2260:Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)
2208:) by the armed forces of the
2184:inspecting troops during the
1775:
1702:Italian invasion of Abyssinia
761:Mediterranean and Middle East
29:World War II (disambiguation)
27373:Wars involving British India
23456:Invasion of the Soviet Union
23145:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
22456:Independent State of Croatia
20769:Aerospace Propulsion Systems
20603:(4th ed.). Athens, GA:
19991:. Amsterdam & New York:
19827:Salecker, Gene Eric (2001).
18861:Neulen, Hans Werner (2000).
18626:Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007) .
18343:Mandelbaum, Michael (1988).
18320:Maingot, Anthony P. (1994).
18182:Liddell Hart, Basil (1977).
17905:Journal of Managerial Issues
17590:University Press of Kentucky
17584:Joes, Anthony James (2004).
17107:Hanhimäki, Jussi M. (1997).
17036:Gordon, Robert S.C. (2012).
16279:University Press of Kentucky
16227:University of Nebraska Press
15777:Chubarov, Alexander (2001).
15607:Journal of Applied Mechanics
14961:. Vol. III. Cambridge:
14930:Balabkins, Nicholas (1964).
14768:Bibliography of World War II
13786:. PBS Online. Archived from
13050:, pp. 158–160, 234–236.
12957:The New York Review of Books
12799:. Matthew White's Homepage.
12674:Larresm, Klaus, ed. (2014).
11378:Wiktor, Christian L (1998).
10913:Hart, Hart & Hughes 2000
10026:, p. 157. According to
8565:, pp. 912–914, 917–920.
6885:
6619:, to increased mobility and
5707:. Italy also experienced an
5612:under Japanese colonial rule
5562:Communist uprising in Greece
5311:
5226:confirmed earlier agreements
4913:held in February 1945, with
4884:Battle of the Philippine Sea
4863:in mid-June and the city of
4608:American troops approaching
4519:most lethal siege in history
4479:and then with Joseph Stalin
4420:invaded the Italian mainland
4300:a strategic bombing campaign
3987:bombed the Allied naval base
3783:Japanese surprise air attack
3504:was preparing for strategic
3427:, the two powers signed the
3396:Eastern Front (World War II)
3261:conquered British Somaliland
2967:Western Front (World War II)
2632:Anglo-German Naval Agreement
2042:remilitarising the Rhineland
2033:in August of the same year.
1633:Surrender of the Axis armies
1447:, setting the stage for the
1078:between two coalitions: the
742:Manchuria and Northern Korea
7:
27648:Wars involving South Africa
27628:Wars involving Saudi Arabia
24440:End of World War II in Asia
24280:Western invasion of Germany
23787:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
23764:Second Battle of El Alamein
23334:Hundred Regiments Offensive
23306:Battle of the Mediterranean
23159:Italian invasion of Albania
21326:Air warfare of World War II
20893:. Abingdon & New York:
20823:(2nd ed.). Cambridge:
20605:University of Georgia Press
20036:Journal of Military History
19775:Rottman, Gordon L. (2002).
19756:. Abingdon & New York:
19272:. Oxford & Malden, MA:
18509:The Economic History Review
18203:Lightbody, Bradley (2004).
18127:The Fall of the Philippines
17812:Manchester University Press
17791:. Oxford University Press.
17113:Kent State University Press
16856:. Abingdon & New York:
16599:Journal of Military History
16577:(2nd ed.). Cambridge:
16345:10.1080/0966813022000017177
16300:. Vol. 13. Cambridge:
15873:(2nd ed.). Cambridge:
15870:A Concise History of Greece
15501:. Oxford & Malden, MA:
15367:Brayley, Martin J. (2002).
15269:Mussolini and Fascist Italy
15267:Blinkhorn, Martin (2006) .
15248:. Abingdon & New York:
15190:Bilinsky, Yaroslav (1999).
15062:University of Toronto Press
14624:Schoenherr, Steven (2007).
12909:University of South Florida
12477:, pp. 441–443, 464–68.
11727:. U.S. Navy. Archived from
11664:Long, Tony (9 March 2011).
11639:Chant, Christopher (1986).
10765:Thompson & Randall 2008
9562:Fairbank & Goldman 2006
9538:Overy & Wheatcroft 1999
9442:. London: Pimlico. p.
8894:Bilhartz & Elliott 2007
8865:"Coordination With Britain"
8806:Overy & Wheatcroft 1999
8695:Overy & Wheatcroft 1999
8124:. Routledge. p. 1663.
7663:Tucker, Spencer C. (2009).
7002:Canadian Journal of History
6793:
6273:Russian Academy of Sciences
6190:East Asia Development Board
5926:. Both the Germans and the
5681:International Monetary Fund
5618:by the Soviet Union in the
5494:Post-war border changes in
5220:On 11 July, Allied leaders
5108:. German Army Group Centre
5024:stormed and captured Berlin
4991:against Soviet troops near
4638:German Army units in France
4244:in early May 1942. An Axis
4218:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
4078:northern part of the island
4023:occupy the Aleutian Islands
3900:to pursue. All agreed that
3889:and agreeing not to sign a
3824:United States Pacific Fleet
3807:Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni
3711:occupied northern Indochina
3688:in 1937, and the 1937–1938
3531:of a considerably depleted
3372:quashed an uprising in Iraq
3330:besieged the port of Tobruk
3257:attacked and besieged Malta
3097:the United Kingdom attacked
3026:. To circumvent the strong
2812:Soviet Union invaded Poland
2759:false flag border incidents
2650:and Lithuania for Germany;
2563:. Hitler also delivered an
2448:. The Japanese doctrine of
2296:generally favoured the Axis
2216:), which was launched from
2019:independent naval agreement
1999:Territory of the Saar Basin
1989:, and soon began a massive
1751:was signed in 1951. A 1990
1417:its unconditional surrender
1365:German-occupied territories
1120:70 to 85 million fatalities
1104:aircraft played major roles
10:
27734:
27448:Wars involving El Salvador
27167:Asia and the Pacific Group
24366:Naval bombardment of Japan
23734:First Battle of El Alamein
23653:Battle of Christmas Island
23598:Japanese invasion of Burma
23362:Italian invasion of Greece
23278:German invasion of Belgium
23250:German invasion of Denmark
23223:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
23092:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
21349:Comparative military ranks
21111:Zeiler, Thomas W. (2004).
21043:Zalampas, Michael (1989).
20825:Cambridge University Press
20631:Princeton University Press
20389:Cambridge University Press
20387:. Vol. I. Cambridge:
20360:10.1177/002200948702200202
19938:10.1177/002200947801300308
19894:Schoppa, R. Keith (2011).
19869:Schmitz, David F. (2000).
19597:Cambridge University Press
19371:Cambridge University Press
19179:Greenwood Publishing Group
18816:Cambridge University Press
18793:Cambridge University Press
18791:. Vol. I. Cambridge:
18767:Princeton University Press
18609:Cambridge University Press
18395:Masaya, Shiraishi (1990).
18351:Cambridge University Press
18165:Princeton University Press
18079:Cambridge University Press
17835:Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis
17739:Cambridge University Press
17632:The Japanese Army, 1931–45
17607:Jowett, Philip S. (2001).
17501:; Brian J. Reilly (eds.).
17449:Howard, Joshua H. (2004).
17264:Hearn, Chester G. (2007).
17218:10.1177/002200947801300102
17162:Cambridge University Press
16927:University Press of Kansas
16883:University Press of Kansas
16704:Cambridge University Press
16302:Cambridge University Press
15875:Cambridge University Press
15676:. Oxford & Malden MA:
15615:Cambridge University Press
15580:Hitler: A Study in Tyranny
15413:Brody, J. Kenneth (1999).
15348:Cambridge University Press
15196:Greenwood Publishing Group
15120:Cambridge University Press
15102:Ben-Horin, Eliahu (1943).
15079:Bellamy, Chris T. (2007).
14963:Cambridge University Press
14765:
14137:Griffith, Charles (1999).
13932:Barber & Harrison 2006
13317:. Tuttle. pp. 75–77.
13242:. Routledge. p. 105.
13105:Review of Croatian History
12863:Ellman & Maksudov 1994
12267:The UDHR is viewable here
11327:. US Library of Congress.
11111:de Grazia & Paggi 1991
11035:, pp. 412–416, Map 38
10084:Bosworth & Maiolo 2015
7275:, page 2, 20 October 1956.
7149:Frank, Willard C. (1987).
6950:Förster & Gessler 2005
6937:Cambridge University Press
6800:Opposition to World War II
6428:
6336:
6333:Home fronts and production
6217:
6021:Nazi human experimentation
5998:
5949:secret police, along with
5888:implemented the policy in
5746:War crimes in World War II
5743:
5737:
5726:
5473:People's Republic of China
5315:
5247:on the Japanese cities of
5053:on 28 April. On 30 April,
4816:Hungary that lasted until
4727:cut off and destroyed the
4666:a major airborne operation
4523:following Soviet offensive
4444:main German defensive line
4384:. On 5 July 1943, Germany
4281:occupation of Vichy France
4141:oil fields of the Caucasus
4074:the Battle for Guadalcanal
3838:, as well as invasions of
3726:offensive in Central China
3720:in early 1940. In August,
3655:
3473:Arkhangelsk-Astrakhan line
3393:
3245:
2964:
2961:Western Europe (1940–1941)
2827:Polish government-in-exile
2724:
2709:
2702:
2539:region of Czechoslovakia.
2433:
2341:Marco Polo Bridge incident
2313:
2263:
2224:. The war resulted in the
2194:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2173:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2170:
1906:
1836:Bolshevik seizure of power
1779:
1770:
1470:
1341:Allied invasions of Sicily
190:(6 years, 1 day)
138:atomic bombing of Nagasaki
18:
27713:Wars involving Yugoslavia
27578:Wars involving Montenegro
27563:Wars involving Luxembourg
27533:Wars involving Kazakhstan
27408:Wars involving Costa Rica
27172:Asia Cooperation Dialogue
27137:
26903:Southern/Eastern/Northern
26878:
26783:
26605:
26556:Asian and Pacific Theatre
26513:
26472:
26185:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
26165:
26083:
25920:
25755:
25626:Standard Average European
25494:
25323:
25243:
25146:
24897:
24760:
24714:
24636:
24533:
24455:
24287:Bratislava–Brno offensive
24227:
24218:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
23955:
23842:Allied invasion of Sicily
23796:
23702:Aleutian Islands campaign
23674:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
23621:
23612:Greek famine of 1941–1944
23507:Second Battle of Changsha
23412:German invasion of Greece
23380:
23257:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
23232:
23170:
23065:
22946:
22672:
22582:
22423:
22126:
22117:
21875:
21700:
21592:North and Central Pacific
21553:
21315:
21308:
21235:
21194:(July 1943 – August 1945)
20957:Stanford University Press
20889:Williams, Andrew (2006).
20744:10.1080/01436590220138378
20468:10.1017/S0018246X00026017
20287:10.1080/09668138608411636
20184:Smith, Peter C. (2002) .
19630:10.1080/09668139508412322
19576:. New York: W.W. Norton.
19394:. New York: W.W. Norton.
19318:. London & New York:
19295:. London & New York:
19223:. London & New York:
19196:Petrov, Vladimir (1967).
19122:Parker, Danny S. (2004).
18960:. New York: W.W. Norton.
18888:Columbia University Press
18671:Molinari, Andrea (2007).
18424:Pacific Historical Review
18207:. London & New York:
17969:10.1017/S0018246X00012747
17838:. New York: W.W. Norton.
17565:. London & New York:
17509:Columbia University Press
17455:Stanford University Press
17382:. London & New York:
17321:. London & New York:
17042:Stanford University Press
17009:. In Jane Penrose (ed.).
16729:Columbia University Press
16465:(2001). "Moskalenko". In
16443:. London & New York:
16401:10.1080/09668139408412190
15783:. London & New York:
15650:Busky, Donald F. (2002).
15442:. London & New York:
15039:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
14982:The Rape of Ethiopia 1936
14892:10.1080/09668139208412066
14740:American Chemical Society
14552:Tucker & Roberts 2004
14540:Tucker & Roberts 2004
14497:10.1007/s00191-009-0141-0
14407:Tucker & Roberts 2004
14365:Burcher & Rydill 1995
14353:Burcher & Rydill 1995
14341:Gardiner & Brown 2004
14255:Tucker & Roberts 2004
14215:Tucker & Roberts 2004
14190:Unidas, Naciones (2005).
13338:Tucker & Roberts 2004
13099:Geiger, Vladimir (2012).
12937:Niewyk & Nicosia 2000
12823:"World War II Fatalities"
12415:Leffler & Westad 2010
12050:Eberhardt, Piotr (2012).
12005:Eberhardt, Piotr (2011).
11965:Eberhardt, Piotr (2006).
11920:Eberhardt, Piotr (2015).
11764:10.1080/09700160108458986
9895:The United States Replies
9035:, pp. 208, 575, 604.
8997:Murray & Millett 2001
8599:Murray & Millett 2001
8391:Murray & Millett 2001
8118:David T. Zabecki (2015).
7893:, pp. 143–144 (2008 ed.).
7855:Collier & Pedley 2000
7691:– via Google Books.
7492:Smith & Steadman 2004
7055:Asian and African Studies
6909:Wells, Anne Sharp (2014)
6320:, essentially a Japanese
5734:Casualties and war crimes
5722:
5435:In an effort to maintain
5318:Aftermath of World War II
5263:and quickly defeated the
5234:held its general election
5028:German forces surrendered
5026:in late April. In Italy,
4955:In February, the Soviets
4822:bitter Finnish resistance
4375:retake Western New Guinea
4187:Rzhev salient near Moscow
4100:Eastern Front (1942–1943)
4027:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
3793:, Sunday 7 December 1941.
3742:take the city of Changsha
3646:massive counter-offensive
3349:overthrown two days later
3304:carrier attack at Taranto
3242:Mediterranean (1940–1941)
3149:against British shipping
3141:against an over-extended
3110:began in early July with
3022:On the same day, Germany
2775:naval blockade of Germany
2533:cede additional territory
2412:flooding the Yellow River
2408:was taken by the Japanese
2246:but the League did little
2238:Africa Orientale Italiana
2090:increasingly militaristic
1688:include the start of the
1674:German invasion of Poland
1628:United Kingdom home front
1481:Timelines of World War II
1351:, while the Soviet Union
1331:; Germany and Italy were
1272:of the UK, and the naval
1234:annexed the Baltic states
1150:tribunals were conducted
1118:in history, resulting in
581:
450:
335:
312:
299:aftermath of World War II
180:
45:
40:
16:1939–1945 global conflict
27703:Wars involving Venezuela
27653:Wars involving Sri Lanka
27593:Wars involving Nicaragua
27558:Wars involving Lithuania
27508:Wars involving Indonesia
27483:Wars involving Guatemala
27348:Wars involving Australia
26325:Lancaster House Treaties
25815:Christian existentialism
25775:Ancient Roman philosophy
25765:Ancient Greek philosophy
23879:Allied invasion of Italy
23856:Solomon Islands campaign
23605:Third Battle of Changsha
23202:First Battle of Changsha
23108:Second Sino-Japanese War
22041:German military brothels
21907:United States war crimes
21003:Rowman & Littlefield
20849:Rowman & Littlefield
20843:Wettig, Gerhard (2008).
20767:Ward, Thomas A. (2010).
20553:Harvard University Press
20012:World War II: Day by Day
19902:Harvard University Press
19877:Rowman & Littlefield
19752:Ross, Steven T. (1997).
19497:Regan, Geoffrey (2004).
19432:Record, Jeffery (2005).
19344:. Vol. VI. Oxford:
19171:Perez, Louis G. (1998).
19055:Padfield, Peter (1998).
18981:(2nd ed.). London:
18844:Indiana University Press
18744:Harvard University Press
18535:University of California
18372:Marston, Daniel (2005).
18159:Liberman, Peter (1996).
18097:Levine, Alan J. (1992).
17541:Harvard University Press
17432:Harvard University Press
17378:Hill, Alexander (2005).
16769:Garver, John W. (1988).
16679:. Vol. IV. Oxford:
16579:Harvard University Press
16273:Dunn, Dennis J. (1998).
16221:Drea, Edward J. (2003).
16051:Houghton Mifflin Company
15984:Coogan, Anthony (1993).
15892:Coble, Parks M. (2003).
15760:Fordham University Press
15698:Public Opinion Quarterly
15521:Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce
15106:. New York: W.W. Norton.
15056:Belco, Victoria (2010).
14940:Rutgers University Press
14907:Badsey, Stephen (1990).
14567:Cowley & Parker 2001
14425:Jane's Information Group
14178:Lindberg & Todd 2001
14070:Wilson, Mark R. (2016).
13836:Ju, Zhifen (June 2002).
13494:Naimark, Norman (1995).
13415:Robert Gellately (2007).
12825:. secondworldwar.co.uk.
11711:Jowett & Andrew 2002
11455:Jowett & Andrew 2002
11428:
11366:Wiest & Barbier 2002
10710:Bonner & Bonner 2001
10679:Thomas & Andrew 1998
10390:. Globe Pequot. p.
10384:Gilbert, Adrian (2003).
10242:, pp. 247–267, 345.
9802:Fujiwara, Akira (1991).
9640:Evans & Peattie 2012
9526:Jowett & Andrew 2002
8487:Haynes, Rebecca (2000).
8214:"Battle of the Atlantic"
7480:Myers & Peattie 1987
7085:Second Thirty Years' War
6815:
6586:Alamogordo Bombing Range
6143:Nazi medical experiments
6119:; about 12 million
6005:Nazi concentration camps
5839:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
5754:World War II deaths
5713:French economy rebounded
5677:Bretton Woods Conference
5439:, the Allies formed the
5359:eastern occupation zones
5055:Hitler committed suicide
4989:its last major offensive
4834:Soviet-Finnish armistice
4634:attacked southern France
4586:second Japanese invasion
4578:besieged Japanese troops
4428:disarming Italian forces
4185:, and an assault on the
3885:, thereby affirming the
3781:was a total loss in the
3615:offensive against Moscow
3085:Italian occupation zones
2991:, which the Allies were
2987:to protect shipments of
2582:German Foreign Minister
2394:murdered by the Japanese
2353:cooperation with Germany
2316:Second Sino-Japanese War
1893:its overseas possessions
1787:Aftermath of World War I
1690:Second Sino-Japanese War
1453:decolonisation of Africa
1419:on 15 August and signed
1333:defeated in North Africa
1282:formed the Axis alliance
1187:Second Sino-Japanese War
1167:aftermath of World War I
1112:only two nuclear weapons
747:pre-war border conflicts
27663:Wars involving Thailand
27643:Wars involving Slovenia
27638:Wars involving Slovakia
27618:Wars involving Rhodesia
27603:Wars involving Paraguay
27573:Wars involving Mongolia
27493:Wars involving Honduras
27458:Wars involving Ethiopia
27403:Wars involving Colombia
27388:Wars involving Cambodia
27378:Wars involving Bulgaria
26103:Equality before the law
25310:Romano-Germanic culture
24301:Second Guangxi campaign
24156:Philippines (1944–1945)
23660:Battle of the Coral Sea
23563:Fall of the Philippines
23209:Battle of South Guangxi
23115:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
22514:Italian Social Republic
20997:Wood, James B. (2007).
20678:Oxford University Press
20676:. Vol. 2. Oxford:
20102:Oxford University Press
20092:Shore, Zachary (2003).
19704:War in the Modern World
19553:Oxford University Press
19363:Ratcliff, R.A. (2006).
19268:Preston, P. W. (1998).
19219:Polley, Martin (2000).
18272:Lynch, Michael (2010).
17886:Oxford University Press
17878:Kitson, Alison (2001).
17401:Holland, James (2008).
17289:Hempel, Andrew (2005).
17065:Oxford University Press
16775:Oxford University Press
16144:Oxford University Press
14781:. New York: Routledge.
14391:10.1049/ip-smt:19949918
14317:Sumner & Baker 2001
14042:the products must pass.
13757:14 October 2011 at the
13573:"Lessons from Iwo Jima"
12378:Encyclopedia Britannica
12288:The UN Security Council
12170:Encyclopedia Britannica
10739:5 November 2013 at the
10096:Mingst & Karns 2007
9843:Wetzler, Peter (1998).
9067:10.4324/9780429027642-6
7915:Lowe & Marzari 2002
7712:The Massacre in History
7268:9 December 2021 at the
6451:Aircraft were used for
6081:Soviet prisoners of war
5811:persecuted and murdered
5799:millions of other Slavs
5740:World War II casualties
5705:German economic miracle
5485:dissolution of the USSR
5340:crimes against humanity
5222:met in Potsdam, Germany
5125:Philippine Commonwealth
5078:Chancellor of the Reich
5061:, and was succeeded by
5032:Italian Social Republic
5030:on 29 April, while the
5005:pushed forward in Italy
4662:push back German forces
4630:invaded northern France
4555:incursions into Romania
4436:Italian Social Republic
4413:Lower Dnieper Offensive
4293:conquered by the Allies
4175:nearly taken Stalingrad
4011:Battle of the Coral Sea
3967:Philippine Commonwealth
3918:unconditional surrender
3877:On 1 January 1942, the
3674:Following the Japanese
3549:First Battle of Kharkov
3449:negotiations took place
3185:significantly increased
3075:June. Eight days later
2878:on the last day of the
2850:occupied central Poland
2839:fought against the Axis
2735:Soldiers of the German
2716:World War II by country
2608:Italy conquered Albania
2592:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
2426:and continued the war.
2403:, but then the city of
2082:Chinese Communist Party
2059:
1714:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
1222:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
278:North and South America
27708:Wars involving Vietnam
27698:Wars involving Uruguay
27623:Wars involving Romania
27553:Wars involving Liberia
27548:Wars involving Lebanon
27503:Wars involving Iceland
27498:Wars involving Hungary
27473:Wars involving Germany
27463:Wars involving Finland
27453:Wars involving Estonia
27438:Wars involving Ecuador
27428:Wars involving Denmark
27413:Wars involving Croatia
27383:Wars involving Myanmar
27363:Wars involving Bolivia
27358:Wars involving Belgium
27353:Wars involving Austria
27343:Wars involving Albania
26583:Middle Eastern Theatre
26561:Middle Eastern Theatre
26480:Cradle of civilization
26265:Eastern European Group
25854:Continental philosophy
25785:Judeo-Christian ethics
25770:Hellenistic philosophy
25251:Cradle of civilization
23886:Armistice of Cassibile
23688:Battle of Dutch Harbor
23639:Battle of the Java Sea
23542:Attack on Pearl Harbor
23442:Syria–Lebanon campaign
23435:Battle of South Shanxi
23405:Invasion of Yugoslavia
23188:Battle of the Atlantic
22802:Korean Liberation Army
22508:(until September 1943)
22465:(until September 1944)
22443:(until September 1944)
20872:MBI Publishing Company
20706:Department of the Army
20455:The Historical Journal
20408:The Royal Navy 1939–45
20329:10.1093/ehr/cx.437.620
20119:Slim, William (1956).
20016:MBI Publishing Company
20010:Shaw, Anthony (2000).
19725:Roskill, S.W. (1954).
19570:Rich, Norman (1992) .
19388:Read, Anthony (2004).
19086:International Security
18705:Maxwell Air Force Base
18120:Lewis, Morton (1953).
17956:The Historical Journal
17185:MBI Publishing Company
16721:Frei, Norbert (2002).
16544:The Third Reich at War
16494:The Road to Stalingrad
15915:Collier, Paul (2003).
15497:Buchanan, Tom (2006).
15421:Transaction Publishers
15296:MBI Publishing Company
14655:. London. p. 27.
13761:(online version), and
13380:The Japan Times Online
13264:"A Culture of Cruelty"
13201:Freedom, Democide, War
13060:Redžić, Enver (2005).
12991:Holocaust Encyclopedia
12601:Bull & Newell 2005
11822:International Security
10937:Read & Fisher 2002
9681:"The decision for War"
9439:Blood, Tears and Folly
9436:Deighton, Len (1993).
8863:Skinner Watson, Mark.
8440:. War History Online.
8218:Sky HISTORY TV channel
7725:Dictionary of Genocide
7126:. NPR. 10 March 2017.
6597:
6477:Anti-aircraft weaponry
6448:
6280:
6275:reported in 1995 that
6249:
6220:German-occupied Europe
6146:
6045:
5909:Imperial Japanese Army
5865:
5858:Imperial Japanese Army
5755:
5587:throughout the world.
5505:
5342:
5322:Consequences of Nazism
5186:
5070:President of the Reich
4944:river in Germany, and
4925:
4761:
4656:, both led by General
4621:
4600:Allies close in (1944)
4594:new attack on Changsha
4574:invaded northern Burma
4461:
4350:
4308:firebombing of Hamburg
4240:caused the British to
4221:
4158:advanced to the lower
4116:
4040:Imperial Japanese Navy
3934:
3893:with the Axis powers.
3861:These attacks led the
3815:attack on Pearl Harbor
3794:
3787:American Pacific Fleet
3671:
3603:operational objectives
3567:
3517:Soviet supreme command
3419:
3308:Battle of Cape Matapan
3287:
3079:; it was divided into
3011:, who was replaced by
3001:despite Allied support
2980:
2883:
2854:annexed eastern Poland
2783:Battle of the Atlantic
2746:
2595:
2584:Joachim von Ribbentrop
2571:, formerly the German
2565:ultimatum to Lithuania
2500:
2339:after instigating the
2332:
2325:Imperial Japanese Army
2284:International Brigades
2189:
2118:China appealed to the
2015:military globalisation
1963:
1937:class collaborationist
1859:Paris Peace Conference
1806:
1782:Causes of World War II
1411:against Japan and its
1317:attack on Pearl Harbor
1274:Battle of the Atlantic
1191:annexations of Austria
1163:causes of World War II
336:Commanders and leaders
131:North African campaign
27633:Wars involving Serbia
27613:Wars involving Poland
27598:Wars involving Panama
27588:Wars involving Norway
27568:Wars involving Mexico
27543:Wars involving Latvia
27478:Wars involving Greece
27468:Wars involving France
27393:Wars involving Canada
27368:Wars involving Brazil
26808:Vietnamese philosophy
26546:Industrial Revolution
26385:Three Seas Initiative
26360:Pacific Islands Forum
26225:British–Irish Council
25973:Greek Orthodox Church
25432:Industrial Revolution
25402:Scientific Revolution
24050:Second Battle of Guam
23946:Bengal famine of 1943
23916:Second Battle of Kiev
23872:Battle of the Dnieper
23577:Battle of Wake Island
23449:East African campaign
23391:Battle of South Henan
23036:atrocities by Germans
22809:Korean Volunteer Army
21783:Occupation of Germany
21537:Music in World War II
21184:23 March 2019 at the
21170:23 March 2019 at the
20773:John Wiley & Sons
20731:Third World Quarterly
20593:Thompson, John Herd;
20483:Tanaka, Yuki (1996).
20429:Swain, Bruce (2001).
19654:Yale University Press
19154:Yale University Press
19047:10.1093/jahist/jas073
18630:. Mechanicsburg, PA:
18020:Laurier, Jim (2001).
17363:10.1353/kri.2003.0059
17270:. Mechanicsburg, PA:
17082:Hane, Mikiso (2001).
16752:Conway Maritime Press
16521:Naval Institute Press
16068:Darwin, John (2007).
15471:10.1093/pastj/gtab042
15438:Brown, David (2004).
15419:. New Brunswick, NJ:
15396:Frank Cass Publishers
14980:Barker, A.J. (1971).
14938:. New Brunswick, NJ:
13550:. 2010. p. 167.
13477:International Affairs
12680:. Wiley. p. 79.
12068:10.7163/GPol.2012.1.1
11974:. Warsaw: Didactica.
11491:Cook & Bewes 1997
11127:Sant'Anna di Stazzema
9900:29 April 2013 at the
9490:(1983): 87–97. 1983.
8944:, pp. 146, 152;
8754:The Battle of Britain
6961:Ghuhl, Wernar (2007)
6841:Often abbreviated as
6774:, the development of
6725:military intelligence
6664:which were suited to
6579:
6545:and tactics, such as
6438:
6267:
6243:
6174:prisoner-of-war camps
6129:
6036:
5899:Axis forces employed
5855:
5831:persecuted and killed
5753:
5744:Further information:
5651:Arab–Israeli conflict
5493:
5329:
5257:declared war on Japan
5169:
5092:in Europe was signed
4919:Franklin D. Roosevelt
4909:
4745:
4607:
4517:, thereby ending the
4470:Franklin D. Roosevelt
4452:
4321:
4250:stopped at El Alamein
4238:Vichy-held Madagascar
4212:
4107:
4086:withdrew their troops
3971:Battle of Yenangyaung
3951:the Dutch East Indies
3941:had almost conquered
3932:
3914:Casablanca Conference
3773:
3665:
3557:
3529:suspend the offensive
3461:plotting against them
3403:
3326:launched an offensive
3277:
3269:Italy attacked Greece
2993:attempting to cut off
2974:
2943:Northern Transylvania
2870:
2808:cease-fire with Japan
2734:
2643:a non-aggression pact
2581:
2519:with a predominantly
2475:
2323:
2180:
2086:new regional warlords
1950:
1844:Allies of World War I
1796:
1745:ended the war in Asia
1437:the permanent members
1413:invasion of Manchuria
672:Yugoslavian Partisans
451:Casualties and losses
370:Franklin D. Roosevelt
143:Soviet troops at the
21:WWII (disambiguation)
27718:Wars involving India
27658:Wars involving Syria
27583:Wars involving Nepal
27528:Wars involving Japan
27513:Wars involving Italy
27488:Wars involving Haiti
27443:Wars involving Egypt
27398:Wars involving Chile
26380:Special Relationship
25790:Christian philosophy
25735:Western Christianity
25397:Age of Enlightenment
25271:Hellenistic Kingdoms
24336:Surrender of Germany
23814:Battle of West Hubei
23771:Guadalcanal campaign
23741:Battle of Stalingrad
23667:Battle of Madagascar
22434:Albania protectorate
22221:(formerly Swaziland)
21930:Wehrmacht war crimes
21746:Expulsion of Germans
21530:Art and World War II
21428:British contribution
21377:Governments in exile
21026:Taylor & Francis
21020:Yoder, Amos (1997).
20945:Wohlstetter, Roberta
20817:Weinberg, Gerhard L.
20680:. pp. 227–326.
20545:Taylor, Jay (2009).
20391:. pp. 266–287.
20165:Smith, J.W. (1994).
20138:Smith, Alan (1993).
20075:Simon & Schuster
19348:. pp. 191–298.
19322:. pp. 100–120.
19291:Prins, Gwyn (2002).
19274:Blackwell Publishers
19243:Portelli, Alessandro
19174:The History of Japan
18795:. pp. 175–197.
18709:Air University Press
18563:. pp. 115–138.
17761:The Second World War
17711:. Grand Rapids, MI:
17686:. Grand Rapids, MI:
17665:. pp. 109–116.
17499:Lawrence D. Kritzman
17241:Healy, Mark (1992).
17067:. pp. 348–380.
16980:World War II: Europe
16575:China: A New History
16477:. pp. 137–154.
16370:on 22 November 2012.
16176:. pp. 189–230.
15810:. pp. 157–184.
15678:Blackwell Publishing
15503:Blackwell Publishing
15321:. pp. 317–332.
15034:The Second World War
14965:. pp. 217–242.
14453:Imperial War Museums
13514:18 July 2011 at the
13226:Dear & Foot 2001
13134:Massacre, Volhynia.
12748:Edward H. Litchfield
12591:, pp. 29–30, 32
12487:Dear & Foot 2001
11246:Dear & Foot 2001
11095:, pp. 169–184;
11033:Hsu & Chang 1971
10501:, p. 100 (2008 ed.).
10254:, p. 529 (Table 11).
10217:. pp. 126–145.
10157:. pp. 266–292.
10005:The Second World War
9687:. pp. 113–127.
9652:Coox, Alvin (1985).
9586:Hsu & Chang 1971
9574:Hsu & Chang 1971
9512:Maechling, Charles.
8918:Dear & Foot 2001
8906:Dear & Foot 2001
8766:Dear & Foot 2001
8477:, pp. 745, 975.
8475:Dear & Foot 2001
8199:, pp. 248–249;
8197:Dear & Foot 2001
8006:Dear & Foot 2001
7927:Dear & Foot 2001
7737:Hsu & Chang 1971
7651:Hsu & Chang 1971
7014:10.3138/cjh.31.2.257
6721:Polish Cipher Bureau
6709:Japanese naval codes
6590:Trinity nuclear test
6498:, most notably with
6204:and 10 million
6133:taken by the German
5833:by Serb nationalist
5693:Bretton Woods system
5616:divided and occupied
5510:spheres of influence
5498:and creation of the
5430:European territories
5398:expulsion to Germany
5245:dropped atomic bombs
5203:Battle of West Hunan
5139:in January 1945 and
5086:Flensburg Government
4946:overran East Prussia
4896:Battle of Leyte Gulf
4818:the fall of Budapest
4648:on 25 August by the
4614:invasion of Normandy
4505:On 27 January 1944,
4113:Battle of Stalingrad
4032:Japanese naval codes
4002:capture Port Moresby
3830:. These included an
3620:capability to resist
3613:continuing. A major
3588:invaded neutral Iran
3535:, and to divert the
3493:("living space") by
3457:Operation Barbarossa
3335:By late March 1941,
3193:arsenal of democracy
3087:, and an unoccupied
3065:Italy invaded France
2989:iron ore from Sweden
2835:evacuated to Romania
2618:. Shortly after the
2590:, after signing the
2327:soldiers during the
2228:of Ethiopia and its
2070:unification campaign
1973:in 1923, eventually
1889:Treaty of Versailles
1805:, Switzerland (1930)
1441:its security council
1421:a surrender document
1252:, with campaigns in
1230:spheres of influence
145:Battle of Stalingrad
118:dive bombers on the
27608:Wars involving Peru
27538:Wars involving Laos
27523:Wars involving Iraq
27518:Wars involving Iran
27418:Wars involving Cuba
26838:Buddhist philosophy
26798:Japanese philosophy
26541:Early modern period
26405:West Nordic Council
26270:Eastern Partnership
25859:Analytic philosophy
25560:Classical tradition
25382:Early modern period
25338:Classical antiquity
25333:European Bronze Age
24976:Carpathian Ruthenia
24426:Potsdam Declaration
24315:Italy (Spring 1945)
24078:Liberation of Paris
23535:Siege of Sevastopol
22546:(until August 1944)
22449:Wang Jingwei regime
22271:from September 1943
22231:from September 1944
22169:from September 1944
22029:Romanian war crimes
22020:Persecution of Jews
22006:Croatian war crimes
21976:Japanese war crimes
21790:Occupation of Japan
21739:First Indochina War
21451:Military production
21363:Declarations of war
21137:. Drexel Hill, PA:
20595:Randall, Stephen J.
20311:Steinberg, Jonathan
20123:. London: Cassell.
20121:Defeat into Victory
19617:Europe-Asia Studies
18939:. London: Pimlico.
18842:. Bloomington, IN:
17683:The Rage of Nations
17567:Hambledon Continuum
17011:The D-Day Companion
16985:Lerner Publications
16567:Fairbank, John King
16388:Europe-Asia Studies
16332:Europe-Asia Studies
16162:DeLong, J. Bradford
15623:1995JAM....62R.268B
15138:Bernstein, Gail Lee
14686:on 23 November 2010
14245:, pp. 247–251.
13738:, pp. 389–396.
13643:, pp. 568–569.
13571:John Dower (2007).
12772:on 25 December 2010
12766:Obee's History Page
12760:O'Brien, Joseph V.
12750:, Ph.D 1984 p. 195
12529:, pp. 208–209.
12273:3 July 2017 at the
12244:on 18 February 2010
12238:"History of the UN"
12208:"History of the UN"
12056:Geographia Polonica
11926:Geographia Polonica
11811:, pp. 203–204.
11553:, pp. 793–829.
11529:, pp. 709–722.
11176:, pp. 555–560.
11135:Marzabotto massacre
11099:, pp. 568–573.
11071:, pp. 367–414.
11059:, pp. 327–366.
11047:, pp. 660–661.
11011:, pp. 268–274.
10951:, pp. 335–336.
10807:, pp. 149–159.
10755:, pp. 119–120.
10609:, pp. 380–381.
10573:, pp. 224–228.
10537:, pp. 383–391.
10513:, pp. 239–265.
10314:, pp. 111–112.
10127:. pp. 97–119.
10086:, pp. 313–314.
9991:, pp. 341–343.
9746:(3 November 2016).
9282:, pp. 114–137.
9163:, pp. 810–812.
9023:, pp. 184–187.
9011:, pp. 174–175.
8999:, pp. 263–276.
8920:, pp. 745–746.
8808:, pp. 328–330.
8768:, pp. 108–109.
8637:, pp. 122–123.
8405:, pp. 207–226.
8048:"The Danzig Crisis"
7965:Europe-Asia Studies
7905:, pp. 461–462.
7869:, pp. 121–122.
7775:, pp. 651–687.
7763:, pp. 150–152.
7739:, pp. 221–230.
7714:. 1999, pp. 223–224
7653:, pp. 195–200.
7641:, pp. 547–551.
7569:, pp. 131–132.
7458:, pp. 298–299.
7243:4 June 2018 at the
6830:various other dates
6776:artificial harbours
6772:operations research
6326:Japanese war crimes
6109:concentration camps
6097:Jehovah's Witnesses
6029:Japanese war crimes
5592:occupation of Japan
5571:and the Soviet-led
5295:surrender documents
5281:Potsdam Declaration
5185:, 2 September 1945.
5045:. Benito Mussolini
5001:captured Königsberg
4853:captured Mount Song
4687:. Soon after that,
4681:Operation Bagration
4331:flying patrol over
4285:scuttle their fleet
4166:headed towards the
4082:Battle of Buna–Gona
3995:victory at Changsha
3925:Pacific (1942–1943)
3713:in September 1940.
3698:Export Control Acts
3566:), 10 December 1942
3545:advance into Crimea
3415:before 1941; Blue:
3296:Italian East Africa
3120:RAF Fighter Command
3009:Neville Chamberlain
2979:(shown in dark red)
2939:Second Vienna Award
2852:; the Soviet Union
2612:Kingdoms of Romania
2600:Free City of Danzig
2525:Neville Chamberlain
2499:, 29 September 1938
2234:Italian East Africa
2226:military occupation
2186:Italo-Ethiopian War
2080:against its former
2054:Anti-Comintern Pact
1991:rearmament campaign
1979:Paul von Hindenburg
1958:political rally in
1573:Declarations of war
1467:Start and end dates
1389:Potsdam Declaration
1175:militarism in Japan
1146:were occupied, and
1090:—including all the
343:Main Allied leaders
27333:Late modern Europe
27222:EAEU Customs Union
27152:Arab Customs Union
27074:Oriental Orthodoxy
26848:Islamic philosophy
26818:Iranian philosophy
26793:Chinese philosophy
25864:Post-structuralism
25827:Christian humanism
25457:Universal suffrage
24566:French West Africa
24546:British Somaliland
24419:Surrender of Japan
24252:Battle of Iwo Jima
24101:Belgrade offensive
23514:Siege of Leningrad
23398:Battle of Shanggao
23327:British Somaliland
23292:Dunkirk evacuation
23243:Norwegian campaign
23181:Invasion of Poland
23008:Japanese prisoners
21969:Italian war crimes
21900:British war crimes
21815:Soviet occupations
21599:South-West Pacific
21486:Allied cooperation
21444:Military equipment
20982:. pp. 29–56.
20791:Watson, William E.
20712:on 17 January 2022
20704:. Washington, DC:
20696:United States Army
20649:Tucker, Spencer C.
20623:Trachtenberg, Marc
20065:Shirer, William L.
19985:Senn, Alfred Erich
19852:Palgrave Macmillan
19599:. pp. 23–48.
19411:The Fall Of Berlin
19251:Palgrave Macmillan
18936:Why the Allies Won
18818:. pp. 49–70.
18695:Murray, Williamson
18491:. pp. 45–66.
18130:. Washington, DC:
18067:Leffler, Melvyn P.
18051:. pp. 47–74.
17131:Harris, Sheldon H.
16706:. pp. 53–68.
16683:. pp. 13–52.
16166:Eichengreen, Barry
15490:4 May 2024 at the
15463:Past & Present
14738:. Washington, DC:
13518:(PDF). Kiel. 1999.
13315:Unit 731 testimony
13313:Gold, Hal (1996).
12567:, pp. 190–191
12166:"Italy since 1945"
11898:, pp. 96–100.
11752:Strategic Analysis
11672:. Wired Magazine.
10187:. pp. 18–42.
9720:. pp. 63–96.
9605:. pp. 45–66.
9469:, pp. 41–42;
8495:Palgrave Macmillan
8245:, pp. 80, 83.
7319:Gerwarth, Robert.
7273:The New York Times
7189:– via JSTOR.
7081:European Civil War
6766:'s development of
6642:indirect artillery
6598:
6551:Type VII submarine
6512:actions at Taranto
6449:
6295:Nazi racial policy
6281:
6250:
6183:surrender of Japan
6147:
6046:
6009:Extermination camp
5866:
5843:Volhynia massacres
5756:
5647:creation of Israel
5554:independent policy
5552:conducted a fully
5506:
5481:Russian Federation
5343:
5330:Defendants at the
5297:finally signed at
5187:
5129:in the Philippines
5118:Berlin Declaration
5110:resisted in Prague
4967:and closed to the
4926:
4873:Guilin and Liuzhou
4762:
4760:, 20 October 1944.
4654:Free French Forces
4622:
4462:
4405:Panther–Wotan line
4401:counter-offensives
4396:later that month.
4390:invasion of Sicily
4351:
4246:offensive in Libya
4230:Operation Crusader
4222:
4117:
4055:Territory of Papua
4006:amphibious assault
3935:
3906:large-scale attack
3795:
3738:Battle of Shanggao
3722:Chinese communists
3706:several offensives
3672:
3668:entering Hong Kong
3666:Japanese soldiers
3568:
3560:siege of Leningrad
3506:counter-offensives
3420:
3382:, assisted by the
3292:counter-offensives
3288:
3181:United States Navy
3071:fell to them on 14
2981:
2884:
2747:
2745:, 1 September 1939
2596:
2507:, again provoking
2501:
2333:
2329:Battle of Shanghai
2272:Nationalist rebels
2218:Italian Somaliland
2190:
2148:Chahar and Suiyuan
2107:and establish the
2097:right to rule Asia
2027:Franco-Soviet pact
1964:
1807:
1801:assembly, held in
1741:surrender of Japan
1720:and the forces of
1415:, Japan announced
1409:declaration of war
1375:to Soviet troops;
1278:continental Europe
1224:, Germany and the
1185:, outbreak of the
1116:deadliest conflict
874:French West Africa
715:South West Pacific
623:Denmark and Norway
297:victory (see also
27:, and
27323:Conflicts in 1945
27318:Conflicts in 1944
27313:Conflicts in 1943
27308:Conflicts in 1942
27303:Conflicts in 1941
27298:Conflicts in 1940
27293:Conflicts in 1939
27270:
27269:
27069:Eastern Orthodoxy
26813:Indian philosophy
26803:Korean philosophy
26597:Post–Cold War era
26428:
26427:
26255:Council of Europe
26157:International law
26110:Constitutionalism
25968:Eastern Orthodoxy
25474:Post–Cold War era
25407:Age of Revolution
25261:Greco-Roman world
25199:
25198:
24790:Dutch East Indies
24628:Southern Rhodesia
24561:French Somaliland
24493:
24492:
24451:
24450:
24294:Battle of Okinawa
24193:Burma (1944–1945)
24027:Mariana and Palau
23807:Tunisian campaign
23632:Fall of Singapore
23556:Fall of Hong Kong
23299:Battle of Britain
23152:Operation Himmler
23061:
23060:
22725:Dutch East Indies
22361:Southern Rhodesia
22113:
22112:
22013:Genocide of Serbs
21916:German war crimes
21893:Soviet war crimes
21886:Allied war crimes
21732:Division of Korea
21711:Chinese Civil War
21509:Strategic bombing
21421:Manhattan Project
21148:978-1-935149-04-0
21122:978-0-8420-2991-9
21103:978-1-84176-408-5
21094:Osprey Publishing
21080:978-1-85532-478-7
21071:Osprey Publishing
21063:Zaloga, Steven J.
21054:978-0-87972-462-7
21035:978-1-56032-546-8
21012:978-0-7425-5339-2
20989:978-0-262-04136-2
20966:978-0-8047-0597-4
20955:. Palo Alto, CA:
20904:978-0-415-35980-1
20881:978-0-7603-1401-2
20858:978-0-7425-5542-6
20834:978-0-521-85316-3
20808:978-0-275-97470-1
20782:978-0-470-82497-9
20687:978-0-19-822885-1
20664:978-1-57607-999-7
20640:978-0-691-00273-6
20629:. Princeton, NJ:
20614:978-0-8203-3113-3
20585:978-1-85532-640-8
20576:Osprey Publishing
20562:978-0-674-03338-2
20551:. Cambridge, MA:
20537:978-0-241-10017-2
20498:978-0-8133-2717-4
20444:978-1-86508-352-0
20435:Allen & Unwin
20421:978-1-84176-195-4
20412:Osprey Publishing
20398:978-0-521-83719-4
20263:978-0-224-08141-2
20237:978-0-86719-616-0
20218:978-0-415-28580-3
20195:978-0-907579-19-9
20176:978-0-9624423-2-2
20157:978-0-415-08924-1
20130:978-0-304-29114-4
20111:978-0-19-518261-3
20084:978-0-671-72868-7
20025:978-0-7603-0939-1
20002:978-90-420-2225-6
19911:978-0-674-05988-7
19886:978-0-8420-2632-1
19861:978-0-333-92983-4
19838:978-1-58097-049-5
19790:978-0-313-31395-0
19767:978-0-7146-4634-3
19717:978-0-8018-6445-2
19691:978-0-14-026561-3
19663:978-0-300-11204-7
19652:. New Haven, CT:
19646:Roberts, Geoffrey
19606:978-0-521-34579-8
19583:978-0-393-00802-9
19562:978-0-19-928411-5
19536:978-0-85496-695-0
19510:978-1-57488-252-0
19489:978-0-563-49335-8
19448:978-1-58487-216-0
19424:978-0-7126-0695-0
19401:978-0-393-04800-1
19380:978-0-521-85522-8
19355:978-0-19-822888-2
19329:978-0-415-14900-6
19306:978-0-415-36960-2
19283:978-0-631-20238-7
19260:978-1-4039-8008-3
19234:978-0-415-18597-4
19211:978-0-8018-0530-1
19200:. Baltimore, MD:
19188:978-0-313-30296-1
19163:978-0-300-12282-4
19152:. New Haven, CT:
19146:Payne, Stanley G.
19137:978-0-306-81391-7
19072:978-0-471-24945-0
19024:Painter, David S.
19015:978-0-7391-0195-7
18992:978-0-14-028530-7
18967:978-0-393-02030-4
18946:978-0-7126-7453-9
18925:978-0-19-820290-5
18897:978-0-231-11200-0
18872:978-1-86126-799-3
18853:978-0-253-34781-7
18825:978-0-521-34579-8
18802:978-0-521-83719-4
18776:978-0-691-10222-1
18765:. Princeton, NJ:
18753:978-0-674-00680-5
18742:. Cambridge, MA:
18718:978-1-4294-9235-5
18686:978-1-84603-006-2
18677:Osprey Publishing
18663:978-0-544-33450-2
18656:. Mariner Books.
18641:978-0-8117-3413-4
18618:978-0-521-86244-8
18595:978-0-8133-4346-4
18570:978-0-262-04136-2
18559:. Cambridge, MA:
18544:978-0-520-03942-1
18498:978-0-7146-3369-5
18472:978-1-59420-188-2
18410:978-0-87727-122-2
18401:SEAP Publications
18387:978-1-84176-882-3
18378:Osprey Publishing
18364:978-0-521-35790-6
18335:978-0-8133-2241-4
18312:978-0-8133-0437-3
18287:978-1-84176-671-3
18278:Osprey Publishing
18264:978-0-415-26681-9
18241:978-0-275-96486-3
18218:978-0-415-22404-8
18195:978-0-330-23770-3
18174:978-0-691-02986-3
18163:. Princeton, NJ:
18146:on 8 January 2012
18112:978-0-275-94319-6
18088:978-0-521-83938-9
18058:978-0-7656-0816-1
18035:978-1-84176-092-6
18026:Osprey Publishing
18012:978-0-679-72757-6
17895:978-0-19-913417-5
17870:978-0-7139-9712-5
17845:978-0-393-04994-7
17821:978-0-7190-4201-0
17798:978-0-19-514403-1
17783:Kennedy, David M.
17774:978-0-7126-7348-8
17748:978-0-521-37494-1
17722:978-0-8028-4456-9
17697:978-0-8028-4455-2
17672:978-1-84212-513-7
17659:Stalin's Generals
17645:978-1-84176-353-8
17636:Osprey Publishing
17622:978-1-85532-865-5
17613:Osprey Publishing
17599:978-0-8131-2339-4
17576:978-1-85285-417-1
17550:978-0-674-69580-1
17539:. Cambridge, MA:
17522:978-0-231-10791-4
17464:978-0-8047-4896-4
17441:978-0-674-02178-5
17416:978-0-00-717645-8
17393:978-0-7146-5711-0
17336:978-0-415-08239-6
17304:978-0-7818-1004-3
17281:978-0-8117-3398-4
17256:978-1-85532-211-0
17247:Osprey Publishing
17194:978-1-86227-073-2
17171:978-0-521-62046-8
17164:. pp. 1–42.
17148:978-0-415-93214-1
17122:978-0-87338-558-9
17099:978-0-8133-3756-2
17074:978-0-19-211675-8
17051:978-0-8047-6346-2
17028:978-1-84176-779-6
17015:Osprey Publishing
16994:978-0-8225-0139-8
16936:978-0-7006-1208-6
16892:978-0-7006-0899-7
16867:978-0-7146-3347-3
16808:978-0-297-79616-9
16784:978-0-19-505432-3
16761:978-0-85177-953-9
16738:978-0-231-11882-8
16713:978-0-521-83432-2
16690:978-0-19-822886-8
16664:978-1-4488-4794-5
16645:978-0-14-311239-6
16588:978-0-674-01828-0
16558:978-0-7139-9742-2
16539:Evans, Richard J.
16530:978-1-59114-244-7
16519:. Annapolis, MD:
16507:978-0-304-36541-8
16484:978-1-84212-513-7
16471:Stalin's Generals
16454:978-0-415-19540-9
16311:978-0-521-24338-4
16288:978-0-8131-2023-2
16277:. Lexington, KY:
16236:978-0-8032-6638-4
16213:978-0-394-50030-0
16183:978-0-262-04136-2
16172:. Cambridge, MA:
16153:978-0-19-860446-4
16115:978-0-333-69285-1
16083:978-0-14-101022-9
16060:978-0-618-12742-9
16030:978-1-85728-532-1
15976:978-1-57488-741-9
15957:978-0-435-32721-7
15930:978-1-84176-539-6
15921:Osprey Publishing
15907:978-0-520-23268-6
15884:978-0-521-80872-9
15828:The Polish Review
15817:978-1-56324-246-5
15794:978-0-8264-1350-5
15769:978-0-8232-2562-0
15746:978-0-465-06835-7
15687:978-1-4051-1131-7
15661:978-0-275-97733-7
15642:978-0-521-55926-3
15632:10.1115/1.2895927
15593:978-0-14-013564-0
15567:978-0-7456-1298-0
15544:978-0-262-02546-1
15533:. Cambridge, MA:
15512:978-0-631-22162-3
15453:978-0-7146-5461-4
15430:978-0-7658-0622-2
15405:978-0-7146-4722-7
15382:978-1-84176-238-8
15373:Osprey Publishing
15354:on 20 August 2016
15328:978-0-415-34109-7
15305:978-0-7603-0870-7
15292:Warship Boneyards
15282:978-0-415-26206-4
15259:978-0-415-30534-1
15233:978-0-06-019314-0
15205:978-0-275-96363-7
15182:978-0-7656-1821-4
15157:978-0-520-07017-2
15129:978-0-521-55066-6
15094:978-0-375-41086-4
15071:978-0-8020-9314-1
15048:978-0-297-84497-6
15023:978-0-670-87095-0
14995:978-0-345-02462-6
14972:978-0-521-81144-6
14949:978-0-8135-0449-0
14922:978-0-85045-921-0
14913:Osprey Publishing
14868:978-0-7139-9868-9
14845:978-0-7139-9322-6
14788:978-0-415-90716-3
14434:978-0-7106-0123-0
14303:978-1-4027-3099-3
14278:978-1-84509-079-1
14201:978-92-1-109147-2
14148:978-1-58566-069-8
14083:978-0-8122-9354-8
13614:978-0-8018-8358-3
13557:978-1-84545-844-7
13449:978-1-85109-770-8
13425:978-1-4000-4005-6
13324:978-0-8048-3565-7
13249:978-0-367-86706-5
13140:Volhynia Massacre
13073:978-0-7146-5625-0
12939:, pp. 45–52.
12730:978-0-9631864-3-0
12687:978-1-118-89024-0
12649:Emadi-Coffin 2002
12493:, pp. 34–55.
12453:, pp. 12–13.
12374:"Greek Civil War"
12325:Trachtenberg 1999
12143:, pp. 20–21.
12129:Kennedy-Pipe 1995
12021:978-83-61590-46-0
11981:978-1-5361-1035-7
11939:10.7163/GPol.0007
11910:, pp. 41–66.
11650:978-0-7102-0718-0
11389:978-90-411-0584-4
11368:, pp. 65–66.
10879:, pp. 50–55.
10401:978-1-59228-027-8
10266:, pp. 71–74.
9976:, pp. 11–12.
9856:978-0-8248-1925-5
9777:The Asahi Shimbun
9757:978-0-06-256051-3
9663:978-0-8047-1835-6
9453:978-0-7126-6226-0
9222:, pp. 66–69.
9151:, pp. 38–42.
9076:978-0-429-02764-2
9059:Winston Churchill
8685:, pp. 66–67.
8671:Liddell Hart 1977
8649:, pp. 59–60.
8601:, pp. 57–63.
8553:, pp. 118ff.
8504:978-0-312-23260-3
8424:978-0-7146-4753-1
8393:, pp. 55–56.
8364:Smith et al. 2002
8333:, pp. 39–40.
8331:Liddell Hart 1977
8312:, pp. 88–89.
8131:978-1-135-81242-3
7977:10.1080/713663077
7676:978-1-85109-672-5
7541:978-1-4129-8176-7
7075:978-0-7641-1973-6
6985:978-0-394-58530-7
6764:Manhattan Project
6717:pioneering method
6691:. Development of
6500:aircraft carriers
6487:. The use of the
6473:strategic bombing
6402:strategic bombing
6376:
6375:
6311:resistance groups
6071:" (including the
5882:Three Alls policy
5514:the Soviet sphere
5469:Republic of China
5457:permanent members
5422:lost its monarchy
5291:Japan surrendered
5172:Mamoru Shigemitsu
5151:. Meanwhile, the
5141:recaptured Manila
5051:Italian partisans
4915:Winston Churchill
4861:captured Changsha
4855:and reopened the
4792:, who had led an
4750:Douglas MacArthur
4713:national uprising
4685:Army Group Centre
4658:Charles de Gaulle
4511:a major offensive
4500:landings at Anzio
4492:Battle of Changde
4446:in mid-November.
4440:Italian civil war
4432:rescued Mussolini
4242:invade the island
4191:attack on Kharkov
4154:into two groups:
4051:overland campaign
4036:victory at Midway
3902:defeating Germany
3753:Dutch East Indies
3718:counter-offensive
3670:, 8 December 1941
3638:intelligence data
3533:Army Group Centre
3525:Army High Command
3521:strategic defence
3254:Regia Aeronautica
3128:strategic bombing
3108:Battle of Britain
3013:Winston Churchill
2951:Treaty of Craiova
2916:League of Nations
2794:counter-offensive
2699:Course of the war
2683:, and to allow a
2555:and a pro-German
2274:, led by General
2266:Spanish Civil War
2242:League of Nations
2158:to oppose Japan.
2150:. After the 1936
2120:League of Nations
2084:(CCP) allies and
2074:regional warlords
2005:European treaties
1863:naval disarmament
1855:League of Nations
1799:League of Nations
1730:Spanish Civil War
1670:
1669:
1620:Manhattan Project
1309:Republic of China
1266:Battle of Britain
1183:Spanish Civil War
1171:fascism in Europe
1169:and the rises of
1108:strategic bombing
1068:World War II
1065:
1064:
946:
945:
867:Strategic bombing
783:Mediterranean Sea
539:
538:
403:Main Axis leaders
382:Winston Churchill
308:
307:
165:U.S. warships in
129:tanks during the
41:World War II
27725:
27328:Global conflicts
27089:Eastern Churches
26833:Hindu philosophy
26455:
26448:
26441:
26432:
26431:
26300:EU Customs Union
25832:Secular humanism
25780:Christian ethics
25730:East–West Schism
25713:Physical culture
25437:Great Divergence
25387:Age of Discovery
25226:
25219:
25212:
25203:
25202:
24950:Military history
24704:Native Americans
24520:
24513:
24506:
24497:
24496:
24486:
24479:
24472:
24469:World portal
24467:
24466:
24442:
24435:
24428:
24421:
24412:
24405:
24398:
24389:
24382:
24375:
24368:
24361:
24354:
24345:
24338:
24331:
24329:Prague offensive
24324:
24322:Battle of Berlin
24317:
24310:
24303:
24296:
24289:
24282:
24275:
24268:
24266:Vienna offensive
24261:
24254:
24247:
24245:Battle of Manila
24240:
24220:
24211:
24202:
24195:
24186:
24179:
24172:
24165:
24158:
24151:
24144:
24135:
24126:
24119:
24110:
24103:
24096:
24089:
24080:
24073:
24066:
24059:
24052:
24045:
24038:
24029:
24022:
24013:
24004:
23995:
23988:
23986:Korsun–Cherkassy
23981:
23970:
23948:
23939:
23932:
23925:
23918:
23911:
23904:
23897:
23888:
23881:
23874:
23867:
23858:
23851:
23844:
23837:
23830:
23828:Bombing of Gorky
23823:
23816:
23809:
23789:
23782:
23773:
23766:
23759:
23750:
23743:
23736:
23729:
23718:
23711:
23704:
23697:
23695:Battle of Midway
23690:
23683:
23681:Battle of Gazala
23676:
23669:
23662:
23655:
23648:
23641:
23634:
23614:
23607:
23600:
23593:
23591:Battle of Borneo
23586:
23584:Malayan campaign
23579:
23572:
23565:
23558:
23551:
23544:
23537:
23530:
23528:Bombing of Gorky
23523:
23521:Battle of Moscow
23516:
23509:
23502:
23495:
23488:
23481:
23465:
23458:
23451:
23444:
23437:
23430:
23421:
23414:
23407:
23400:
23393:
23373:
23364:
23357:
23350:
23343:
23336:
23329:
23322:
23315:
23308:
23301:
23294:
23287:
23285:Battle of France
23280:
23273:
23266:
23259:
23252:
23245:
23225:
23218:
23211:
23204:
23197:
23190:
23183:
23161:
23154:
23147:
23140:
23138:Munich Agreement
23133:
23126:
23117:
23110:
23103:
23094:
23087:
23072:
23071:
23054:
23047:
23038:
23031:
23024:
23023:Soviet prisoners
23017:
23010:
23003:
22994:
22987:
22978:
22971:
22964:
22963:German prisoners
22959:
22939:
22930:
22923:
22916:
22911:
22904:
22897:
22890:
22883:
22876:
22869:
22862:
22855:
22848:
22841:
22834:
22827:
22820:
22811:
22804:
22797:
22790:
22783:
22776:
22769:
22762:
22755:
22748:
22741:
22734:
22727:
22720:
22713:
22706:
22699:
22692:
22685:
22665:
22658:
22651:
22644:
22637:
22630:
22623:
22616:
22609:
22602:
22595:
22575:
22568:
22561:
22554:
22547:
22539:
22532:
22525:
22516:
22509:
22501:
22494:
22492:French Indochina
22487:
22480:
22473:
22466:
22458:
22451:
22444:
22436:
22416:
22407:
22400:
22391:
22384:
22377:
22370:
22363:
22356:
22349:
22342:
22339:from August 1944
22330:
22323:
22316:
22309:
22302:
22295:
22288:
22281:
22274:
22262:
22255:
22248:
22241:
22234:
22222:
22214:
22207:
22200:
22193:
22186:
22179:
22172:
22160:
22153:
22146:
22139:
22124:
22123:
22104:
22097:
22090:
22083:
22076:
22065:
22050:
22043:
22036:
22031:
22022:
22015:
22008:
21999:
21992:
21985:
21983:Nanjing Massacre
21978:
21971:
21962:
21960:Nuremberg trials
21953:
21946:
21939:
21932:
21925:
21918:
21909:
21902:
21895:
21888:
21868:
21861:
21854:
21845:
21838:
21831:
21824:
21817:
21810:
21801:
21792:
21785:
21778:
21771:
21762:
21755:
21748:
21741:
21734:
21727:
21720:
21713:
21693:
21684:
21677:
21670:
21661:
21654:
21647:
21640:
21631:
21624:
21617:
21608:
21601:
21594:
21587:
21580:
21573:
21566:
21564:Asia and Pacific
21546:
21539:
21532:
21525:
21518:
21511:
21504:
21495:
21493:Mulberry harbour
21488:
21481:
21474:
21467:
21460:
21453:
21446:
21439:
21430:
21423:
21416:
21407:
21400:
21393:
21386:
21379:
21372:
21365:
21358:
21351:
21344:
21335:
21328:
21313:
21312:
21301:
21294:
21285:
21278:
21271:
21264:
21257:
21250:
21243:
21222:
21215:
21208:
21199:
21198:
21152:
21126:
21107:
21084:
21058:
21039:
21016:
20993:
20970:
20954:
20940:
20917:Military Affairs
20908:
20885:
20862:
20838:
20812:
20797:. Westport, CT:
20786:
20763:
20721:
20719:
20717:
20708:. Archived from
20691:
20668:
20644:
20618:
20589:
20566:
20541:
20518:
20502:
20479:
20448:
20425:
20402:
20379:
20340:
20323:(437): 620–651.
20306:
20267:
20241:
20222:
20199:
20180:
20161:
20145:
20134:
20115:
20099:
20088:
20060:
20029:
20006:
19980:
19957:
19915:
19890:
19865:
19842:
19823:
19800:Military Affairs
19794:
19779:. Westport, CT:
19771:
19748:
19746:
19744:
19721:
19695:
19667:
19641:
19624:(8): 1293–1326.
19610:
19587:
19566:
19540:
19519:Reinhardt, Klaus
19514:
19493:
19467:
19465:
19463:
19458:on 11 April 2010
19457:
19451:. Archived from
19440:
19428:
19405:
19384:
19359:
19333:
19310:
19287:
19264:
19238:
19215:
19192:
19177:. Westport, CT:
19167:
19141:
19118:
19076:
19051:
19049:
19019:
18996:
18971:
18950:
18929:
18901:
18876:
18857:
18834:Neillands, Robin
18829:
18806:
18780:
18757:
18734:
18732:
18730:
18690:
18667:
18645:
18622:
18599:
18574:
18553:Minford, Patrick
18548:
18533:. Berkeley, CA:
18525:
18502:
18476:
18448:
18414:
18391:
18368:
18339:
18316:
18291:
18268:
18245:
18230:. Westport, CT:
18222:
18199:
18178:
18155:
18153:
18151:
18142:. Archived from
18116:
18101:. Westport, CT:
18092:
18071:Westad, Odd Arne
18062:
18039:
18016:
17988:
17949:
17926:Military Affairs
17920:
17899:
17874:
17849:
17825:
17802:
17778:
17752:
17726:
17701:
17676:
17649:
17626:
17603:
17580:
17554:
17526:
17493:
17468:
17453:. Stanford, CA:
17445:
17420:
17397:
17374:
17340:
17308:
17295:Hippocrene Books
17285:
17260:
17237:
17198:
17175:
17152:
17126:
17103:
17078:
17055:
17040:. Stanford, CA:
17032:
16998:
16973:
16971:
16969:
16960:. Archived from
16940:
16925:. Lawrence, KS:
16915:
16913:
16907:. Archived from
16906:
16896:
16881:. Lawrence, KS:
16871:
16848:
16846:
16844:
16835:. Archived from
16817:Glantz, David M.
16812:
16798:Second World War
16788:
16765:
16742:
16717:
16694:
16668:
16649:
16637:
16623:
16592:
16562:
16534:
16511:
16498:Cassell Military
16488:
16458:
16435:
16433:
16431:
16425:
16384:
16371:
16369:
16363:. Archived from
16339:(7): 1151–1172.
16328:
16315:
16292:
16269:
16240:
16217:
16201:
16187:
16157:
16138:, eds. (2001) .
16127:
16087:
16064:
16043:Parker, Geoffrey
16034:
16011:
16009:
16007:
15980:
15961:
15945:
15934:
15911:
15888:
15860:
15841:10.2307/25779864
15821:
15798:
15773:
15750:
15722:
15691:
15670:Canfora, Luciano
15665:
15646:
15634:
15613:(1). Cambridge:
15597:
15571:
15548:
15525:Morrow, James D.
15516:
15482:
15465:(258): 246–281.
15457:
15434:
15409:
15386:
15363:
15361:
15359:
15332:
15309:
15286:
15263:
15237:
15209:
15194:. Westport, CT:
15186:
15161:
15133:
15107:
15098:
15075:
15052:
15027:
14999:
14986:Ballantine Books
14976:
14953:
14937:
14926:
14903:
14886:(6): 1069–1086.
14872:
14849:
14821:
14792:
14756:
14755:
14753:
14751:
14742:. Archived from
14732:
14726:
14725:
14723:
14721:
14706:"World War – II"
14702:
14696:
14695:
14693:
14691:
14671:
14665:
14664:
14648:
14642:
14641:
14639:
14637:
14621:
14612:
14606:
14600:
14599:
14597:
14595:
14585:
14576:
14570:
14564:
14555:
14549:
14543:
14537:
14528:
14527:
14509:
14499:
14475:
14469:
14468:
14466:
14464:
14445:
14439:
14438:
14416:
14410:
14404:
14395:
14394:
14374:
14368:
14362:
14356:
14350:
14344:
14338:
14332:
14326:
14320:
14314:
14308:
14307:
14289:
14283:
14282:
14264:
14258:
14252:
14246:
14236:
14230:
14224:
14218:
14212:
14206:
14205:
14187:
14181:
14171:
14165:
14159:
14153:
14152:
14134:
14128:
14122:
14116:
14110:
14104:
14103:
14097:
14095:
14066:
14060:
14054:
14045:
14044:
14038:
14036:
14005:
13999:
13993:
13984:
13978:
13972:
13966:
13960:
13954:
13948:
13941:
13935:
13929:
13923:
13917:
13911:
13905:
13899:
13893:
13887:
13886:
13884:
13882:
13867:
13858:
13857:
13855:
13853:
13833:
13824:
13818:
13812:
13806:
13800:
13799:
13797:
13795:
13776:
13770:
13745:
13739:
13733:
13727:
13720:
13714:
13713:
13708:
13706:
13684:
13678:
13677:
13675:
13673:
13653:
13644:
13638:
13632:
13623:
13617:
13603:
13597:
13596:
13594:
13592:
13568:
13562:
13561:
13540:
13534:
13525:
13519:
13506:
13500:
13499:
13491:
13485:
13484:
13472:
13466:
13465:
13463:
13461:
13434:
13428:
13413:
13407:
13403:
13397:
13396:
13394:
13392:
13371:
13365:
13359:
13353:
13347:
13341:
13335:
13329:
13328:
13310:
13304:
13298:
13292:
13286:
13280:
13279:
13277:
13275:
13260:
13254:
13253:
13235:
13229:
13223:
13217:
13216:
13214:
13212:
13192:
13186:
13185:
13183:
13181:
13162:
13156:
13155:
13153:
13151:
13131:
13125:
13124:
13122:
13120:
13096:
13090:
13089:
13087:
13085:
13057:
13051:
13045:
13039:
13038:
13036:
13034:
13013:
13007:
13006:
13004:
13002:
12987:"Polish Victims"
12983:
12977:
12976:
12974:
12972:
12954:
12946:
12940:
12934:
12925:
12924:
12922:
12920:
12896:
12890:
12884:
12878:
12872:
12866:
12860:
12854:
12845:
12839:
12838:
12836:
12834:
12819:
12813:
12812:
12810:
12808:
12791:White, Matthew.
12788:
12782:
12781:
12779:
12777:
12757:
12751:
12741:
12735:
12734:
12710:
12704:
12698:
12692:
12691:
12670:
12664:
12658:
12652:
12646:
12640:
12634:
12628:
12622:
12616:
12610:
12604:
12603:, pp. 20–21
12598:
12592:
12586:
12580:
12574:
12568:
12562:
12556:
12555:
12553:
12551:
12536:
12530:
12524:
12518:
12512:
12506:
12500:
12494:
12489:, p. 1006;
12484:
12478:
12472:
12466:
12460:
12454:
12448:
12442:
12436:
12430:
12424:
12418:
12412:
12406:
12403:Borstelmann 2005
12400:
12394:
12393:
12391:
12389:
12370:
12364:
12358:
12352:
12346:
12340:
12334:
12328:
12322:
12316:
12310:
12304:
12303:
12302:
12300:
12291:, archived from
12283:
12277:
12260:
12254:
12253:
12251:
12249:
12234:
12228:
12227:
12225:
12223:
12204:
12198:
12192:
12186:
12185:
12183:
12181:
12162:
12156:
12150:
12144:
12138:
12132:
12126:
12120:
12114:
12108:
12102:
12096:
12090:
12084:
12083:
12081:
12079:
12047:
12041:
12040:
12038:
12036:
12030:
12013:
12002:
11993:
11992:
11991:on 26 June 2015.
11990:
11984:. Archived from
11973:
11962:
11956:
11955:
11953:
11951:
11941:
11917:
11911:
11905:
11899:
11893:
11887:
11881:
11875:
11868:
11862:
11855:
11849:
11843:
11837:
11831:
11825:
11818:
11812:
11806:
11800:
11794:
11788:
11782:
11776:
11775:
11747:
11741:
11740:
11738:
11736:
11720:
11714:
11708:
11702:
11696:
11690:
11689:
11683:
11681:
11661:
11655:
11654:
11636:
11630:
11629:
11627:
11625:
11607:
11601:
11595:
11589:
11583:
11577:
11571:
11565:
11560:
11554:
11548:
11542:
11536:
11530:
11524:
11518:
11512:
11506:
11500:
11494:
11488:
11482:
11476:
11470:
11464:
11458:
11452:
11446:
11445:
11443:
11441:
11424:
11418:
11412:
11406:
11400:
11394:
11393:
11375:
11369:
11363:
11357:
11351:
11345:
11344:
11338:
11336:
11321:
11315:
11314:
11312:
11310:
11291:
11285:
11279:
11273:
11267:
11261:
11255:
11249:
11243:
11237:
11231:
11225:
11219:
11213:
11207:
11201:
11195:
11189:
11183:
11177:
11171:
11165:
11159:
11150:
11144:
11138:
11090:
11084:
11078:
11072:
11066:
11060:
11054:
11048:
11042:
11036:
11030:
11024:
11018:
11012:
11006:
11000:
10994:
10988:
10982:
10976:
10970:
10964:
10958:
10952:
10946:
10940:
10934:
10928:
10922:
10916:
10910:
10904:
10898:
10892:
10886:
10880:
10874:
10868:
10862:
10856:
10850:
10844:
10838:
10832:
10826:
10820:
10814:
10808:
10798:
10792:
10786:
10780:
10774:
10768:
10762:
10756:
10750:
10744:
10731:
10725:
10719:
10713:
10707:
10701:
10695:
10682:
10676:
10670:
10664:
10658:
10652:
10646:
10640:
10634:
10628:
10622:
10616:
10610:
10604:
10598:
10592:
10586:
10580:
10574:
10568:
10562:
10556:
10550:
10544:
10538:
10532:
10526:
10520:
10514:
10508:
10502:
10496:
10490:
10484:
10478:
10472:
10466:
10460:
10454:
10448:
10442:
10436:
10430:
10424:
10418:
10417:
10415:
10413:
10381:
10375:
10369:
10363:
10357:
10351:
10345:
10339:
10333:
10327:
10321:
10315:
10309:
10303:
10297:
10291:
10285:
10279:
10273:
10267:
10261:
10255:
10249:
10243:
10237:
10231:
10230:
10228:
10226:
10207:
10201:
10200:
10198:
10196:
10177:
10171:
10170:
10168:
10166:
10147:
10141:
10140:
10138:
10136:
10117:
10111:
10105:
10099:
10093:
10087:
10081:
10075:
10074:
10073:
10071:
10049:
10043:
10037:
10031:
10021:
10015:
9998:
9992:
9989:Wohlstetter 1962
9986:
9977:
9971:
9965:
9959:
9953:
9947:
9941:
9935:
9929:
9923:
9917:
9911:
9905:
9892:
9886:
9879:
9873:
9872:
9870:
9868:
9840:
9834:
9827:
9821:
9814:
9808:
9807:
9799:
9793:
9792:
9790:
9788:
9768:
9762:
9761:
9740:
9734:
9733:
9731:
9729:
9710:
9701:
9700:
9698:
9696:
9677:
9668:
9667:
9649:
9643:
9637:
9631:
9625:
9619:
9618:
9616:
9614:
9595:
9589:
9583:
9577:
9571:
9565:
9559:
9553:
9547:
9541:
9535:
9529:
9523:
9517:
9510:
9504:
9503:
9501:
9499:
9480:
9474:
9464:
9458:
9457:
9433:
9427:
9421:
9415:
9409:
9403:
9397:
9391:
9385:
9379:
9373:
9367:
9361:
9355:
9349:
9343:
9337:
9331:
9325:
9319:
9313:
9307:
9301:
9295:
9289:
9283:
9277:
9271:
9265:
9259:
9253:
9247:
9241:
9235:
9229:
9223:
9217:
9211:
9205:
9199:
9198:
9197:
9195:
9173:
9164:
9158:
9152:
9146:
9140:
9134:
9128:
9118:
9112:
9106:
9100:
9094:
9088:
9087:
9054:
9048:
9042:
9036:
9030:
9024:
9018:
9012:
9006:
9000:
8994:
8988:
8982:
8976:
8970:
8964:
8963:, pp. 9–10.
8958:
8952:
8939:
8933:
8927:
8921:
8915:
8909:
8903:
8897:
8891:
8885:
8884:
8882:
8880:
8860:
8854:
8853:
8842:
8833:
8827:
8821:
8815:
8809:
8803:
8797:
8787:
8781:
8775:
8769:
8763:
8757:
8747:
8738:
8728:
8722:
8716:
8710:
8704:
8698:
8692:
8686:
8680:
8674:
8668:
8662:
8656:
8650:
8644:
8638:
8632:
8626:
8620:
8614:
8608:
8602:
8596:
8590:
8584:
8578:
8572:
8566:
8560:
8554:
8548:
8542:
8536:
8530:
8527:
8521:
8520:
8518:
8516:
8484:
8478:
8472:
8466:
8460:
8454:
8453:
8451:
8449:
8433:
8427:
8412:
8406:
8400:
8394:
8388:
8382:
8376:
8367:
8361:
8355:
8352:
8346:
8340:
8334:
8328:
8322:
8319:
8313:
8307:
8301:
8295:
8289:
8288:
8252:
8246:
8240:
8234:
8233:
8231:
8229:
8210:
8204:
8190:
8184:
8173:
8167:
8157:
8151:
8150:
8145:
8143:
8115:
8109:
8103:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8077:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8063:
8044:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8030:
8015:
8009:
8003:
7997:
7996:
7960:
7954:
7948:
7942:
7936:
7930:
7924:
7918:
7912:
7906:
7900:
7894:
7888:
7882:
7876:
7870:
7864:
7858:
7852:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7841:
7825:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7814:
7794:
7788:
7782:
7776:
7770:
7764:
7758:
7752:
7746:
7740:
7734:
7728:
7727:. 2008, 298–299.
7723:Totten, Samuel.
7721:
7715:
7708:
7702:
7699:
7693:
7692:
7690:
7688:
7660:
7654:
7648:
7642:
7636:
7630:
7624:
7618:
7612:
7606:
7600:
7594:
7588:
7582:
7576:
7570:
7564:
7558:
7557:
7555:
7553:
7525:
7519:
7513:
7507:
7501:
7495:
7489:
7483:
7477:
7471:
7465:
7459:
7453:
7447:
7444:Adamthwaite 1992
7441:
7435:
7429:
7423:
7413:
7407:
7401:
7395:
7389:
7383:
7377:
7371:
7365:
7359:
7349:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7316:
7310:
7309:
7307:
7305:
7285:
7279:
7258:
7252:
7235:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7209:
7203:
7197:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7146:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7135:
7114:
7108:
7102:
7096:
7044:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7033:
6993:
6987:
6972:
6966:
6959:
6953:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6924:
6918:
6907:
6901:
6895:
6879:
6855:
6849:
6839:
6833:
6826:
6790:during the war.
6648:(both towed and
6638:destroying tanks
6630:
6571:homing torpedoes
6528:Mid-Atlantic gap
6415:Germany enslaved
6358:
6357:
6350:
6269:Soviet partisans
6203:
6117:forced labourers
6069:unworthy of life
6066:
6058:
5979:with respect to
5932:prisoners of war
5905:chemical weapons
5878:Nanjing Massacre
5871:
5864:in December 1937
5862:Nanjing Massacre
5821:. Concurrently,
5782:
5689:World Bank Group
5655:colonial empires
5546:satellite states
5483:, following the
5461:Security Council
5375:Nuremberg trials
5332:Nuremberg trials
5191:landed in Borneo
5101:
5097:
4950:Yalta Conference
4911:Yalta Conference
4830:Karelian Isthmus
4826:Soviet offensive
4652:assisted by the
4650:local resistance
4547:liberated Crimea
4531:Army Group North
4515:Leningrad region
4509:troops launched
4371:Caroline Islands
4215:Eighth Air Force
4152:Army Group South
4137:summer offensive
3887:Atlantic Charter
3690:Nanjing Massacre
3592:Persian Corridor
3584:Atlantic Charter
3564:Saint Petersburg
3537:2nd Panzer Group
3508:before the war,
3195:" and promoting
3177:"cash and carry"
3160:
3102:
3074:
3018:
2947:Southern Dobruja
2900:Baltic countries
2876:Karelian Isthmus
2822:
2819:surrendered on 6
2693:Nevile Henderson
2670:
2594:, 23 August 1939
2529:Munich Agreement
2497:Munich Agreement
2368:Communist forces
2302:to fight on the
2293:
2280:Spanish Republic
2276:Francisco Franco
2210:Kingdom of Italy
2202:Ethiopian Empire
2182:Benito Mussolini
2105:invade Manchuria
2103:as a pretext to
2050:Rome–Berlin Axis
2038:Locarno Treaties
1942:New Roman Empire
1929:Benito Mussolini
1927:movement led by
1873:
1762:
1711:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1477:
1476:
1425:2 September 1945
1399:on 6 August and
1377:Hitler's suicide
1345:Italian mainland
1329:Battle of Midway
1238:parts of Finland
1156:Japanese leaders
1072:Second World War
1057:
1050:
1043:
951:
950:
933:French Indochina
576:
565:
558:
551:
542:
541:
442:Benito Mussolini
440:
439:
428:
427:
416:
415:
392:
391:
380:
379:
368:
367:
356:
355:
182:
181:
160:Battle of Berlin
104:
95:
84:
75:
64:
55:
38:
37:
27733:
27732:
27728:
27727:
27726:
27724:
27723:
27722:
27338:Nuclear warfare
27273:
27272:
27271:
27266:
27139:
27133:
26874:
26843:Jain philosophy
26823:Buddhist ethics
26779:
26601:
26568:Interwar period
26521:Ancient history
26509:
26468:
26459:
26429:
26424:
26390:UKUSA Agreement
26330:Lublin Triangle
26215:Baltic Assembly
26167:
26161:
26079:
25916:
25751:
25621:Eurolinguistics
25490:
25479:Information age
25452:Interwar period
25319:
25239:
25230:
25200:
25195:
25191:Pacific Islands
25186:Solomon Islands
25166:Gilbert Islands
25148:
25142:
25121:Channel Islands
24893:
24756:
24710:
24632:
24529:
24524:
24494:
24489:
24482:
24475:
24461:
24459:
24447:
24438:
24431:
24424:
24417:
24408:
24401:
24394:
24385:
24380:Atomic bombings
24378:
24371:
24364:
24357:
24350:
24341:
24334:
24327:
24320:
24313:
24306:
24299:
24292:
24285:
24278:
24271:
24264:
24257:
24250:
24243:
24236:
24223:
24216:
24205:
24198:
24191:
24182:
24175:
24168:
24161:
24154:
24147:
24138:
24129:
24122:
24113:
24106:
24099:
24092:
24083:
24076:
24071:Eastern Romania
24069:
24064:Warsaw Uprising
24062:
24057:Tannenberg Line
24055:
24048:
24043:Western Ukraine
24041:
24032:
24025:
24016:
24007:
23998:
23991:
23984:
23973:
23964:
23951:
23944:
23935:
23928:
23921:
23914:
23907:
23900:
23893:
23884:
23877:
23870:
23861:
23854:
23847:
23840:
23835:Battle of Kursk
23833:
23826:
23819:
23812:
23805:
23792:
23785:
23776:
23769:
23762:
23753:
23746:
23739:
23732:
23723:
23714:
23707:
23700:
23693:
23686:
23679:
23672:
23665:
23658:
23651:
23646:St Nazaire Raid
23644:
23637:
23630:
23617:
23610:
23603:
23596:
23589:
23582:
23575:
23568:
23561:
23554:
23547:
23540:
23533:
23526:
23519:
23512:
23505:
23498:
23491:
23484:
23470:
23461:
23454:
23447:
23440:
23433:
23428:Anglo-Iraqi War
23426:
23419:Battle of Crete
23417:
23410:
23403:
23396:
23389:
23376:
23367:
23360:
23353:
23348:Eastern Romania
23346:
23339:
23332:
23325:
23318:
23311:
23304:
23297:
23290:
23283:
23276:
23269:
23262:
23255:
23248:
23241:
23228:
23221:
23214:
23207:
23200:
23193:
23186:
23179:
23166:
23157:
23150:
23143:
23136:
23129:
23122:
23113:
23106:
23099:
23090:
23083:
23057:
23050:
23043:
23034:
23027:
23022:
23013:
23006:
22999:
22990:
22983:
22974:
22967:
22962:
22955:
22942:
22935:
22926:
22919:
22914:
22909:Western Ukraine
22907:
22900:
22893:
22886:
22879:
22872:
22865:
22858:
22853:Northeast China
22851:
22844:
22837:
22830:
22823:
22816:
22807:
22800:
22793:
22786:
22779:
22772:
22765:
22758:
22751:
22744:
22737:
22730:
22723:
22716:
22709:
22702:
22695:
22688:
22681:
22668:
22661:
22654:
22647:
22640:
22633:
22626:
22619:
22612:
22605:
22598:
22591:
22578:
22571:
22564:
22557:
22552:Slovak Republic
22550:
22542:
22535:
22528:
22523:Empire of Japan
22521:
22512:
22504:
22497:
22490:
22483:
22476:
22469:
22461:
22454:
22447:
22439:
22432:
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22035:Sexual violence
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20870:. St Paul, MN:
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20528:Hamish Hamilton
20515:Hamish Hamilton
20499:
20487:. Boulder, CO:
20445:
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20399:
20264:
20254:The Bodley Head
20246:Snyder, Timothy
20238:
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20196:
20177:
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20026:
20014:. Osceola, WI:
20003:
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19887:
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19791:
19781:Greenwood Press
19768:
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19563:
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19537:
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19346:Clarendon Press
19330:
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19212:
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19164:
19138:
19099:10.2307/2539100
19081:Pape, Robert A.
19073:
19016:
19006:Lexington Books
18993:
18978:The Road to War
18968:
18947:
18926:
18916:Clarendon Press
18898:
18873:
18854:
18826:
18803:
18785:Naimark, Norman
18777:
18754:
18728:
18726:
18719:
18687:
18664:
18642:
18632:Stackpole Books
18619:
18596:
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18545:
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18473:
18437:10.2307/3634575
18411:
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18324:. Boulder, CO:
18313:
18301:. Boulder, CO:
18288:
18265:
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18219:
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18175:
18149:
18147:
18113:
18089:
18073:, eds. (2010).
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17551:
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17313:Herbert, Ulrich
17305:
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17272:Stackpole Books
17257:
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17183:. Osceola, WI:
17172:
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17029:
16995:
16983:. Minneapolis:
16967:
16965:
16964:on 2 March 2008
16937:
16914:on 9 July 2011.
16911:
16904:
16893:
16868:
16842:
16840:
16839:on 6 March 2008
16809:
16793:Gilbert, Martin
16785:
16762:
16739:
16714:
16691:
16681:Clarendon Press
16673:Förster, Jürgen
16665:
16646:
16628:Ferguson, Niall
16612:10.2307/2944096
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16467:Shukman, Harold
16455:
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16320:Ellman, Michael
16312:
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16225:. Lincoln, NE:
16214:
16184:
16154:
16116:
16084:
16061:
16045:, eds. (2001).
16031:
16005:
16003:
15977:
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15942:Germany 1919–45
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15294:. Osceola, WI:
15283:
15260:
15234:
15214:Bix, Herbert P.
15206:
15183:
15158:
15130:
15112:Berend, Ivan T.
15095:
15085:Alfred A. Knopf
15072:
15049:
15024:
14996:
14973:
14950:
14923:
14869:
14846:
14826:Applebaum, Anne
14810:10.2307/3638003
14789:
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14764:
14759:
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14747:
14746:on 28 June 2019
14734:
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14427:. p. 231.
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13827:
13819:
13815:
13811:, pp. 2–3.
13807:
13803:
13793:
13791:
13790:on 27 July 2003
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12380:. 28 May 2023.
12372:
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12319:
12311:
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12295:on 20 June 2012
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11731:on 9 April 2008
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11563:Shepardson 1998
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11439:
11437:
11436:on 3 March 2016
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11119:Fosse Ardeatine
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10741:Wayback Machine
10734:"The Civilians"
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9765:
9758:
9744:Bix, Herbert P.
9741:
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9051:
9043:
9039:
9031:
9027:
9019:
9015:
9007:
9003:
8995:
8991:
8987:, pp. 7–8.
8983:
8979:
8971:
8967:
8959:
8955:
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8936:
8928:
8924:
8916:
8912:
8904:
8900:
8892:
8888:
8878:
8876:
8861:
8857:
8848:. Ibiblio.org.
8844:
8843:
8836:
8828:
8824:
8816:
8812:
8804:
8800:
8792:, p. 209;
8788:
8784:
8776:
8772:
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8609:
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8593:
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8569:
8561:
8557:
8549:
8545:
8537:
8533:
8528:
8524:
8514:
8512:
8505:
8497:. p. 205.
8485:
8481:
8473:
8469:
8461:
8457:
8447:
8445:
8434:
8430:
8414:Carl van Dyke.
8413:
8409:
8401:
8397:
8389:
8385:
8377:
8370:
8362:
8358:
8353:
8349:
8341:
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8329:
8325:
8320:
8316:
8308:
8304:
8296:
8292:
8269:10.2307/2195670
8253:
8249:
8241:
8237:
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8225:
8212:
8211:
8207:
8191:
8187:
8179:
8174:
8170:
8158:
8154:
8141:
8139:
8132:
8116:
8112:
8108:, pp. 1–2.
8104:
8100:
8090:
8088:
8083:. Ibiblio.org.
8079:
8078:
8071:
8061:
8059:
8046:
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7853:
7849:
7839:
7837:
7828:Timothy Neeno.
7826:
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7534:. p. 308.
7526:
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7478:
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7416:Mandelbaum 1988
7414:
7410:
7402:
7398:
7390:
7386:
7378:
7374:
7366:
7362:
7350:
7346:
7336:
7334:
7326:The Irish Times
7317:
7313:
7303:
7301:
7288:Mintz, Steven.
7286:
7282:
7276:
7270:Wayback Machine
7259:
7255:
7245:Wayback Machine
7236:
7232:
7222:
7220:
7211:
7210:
7206:
7198:
7194:
7184:
7182:
7147:
7143:
7133:
7131:
7116:
7115:
7111:
7103:
7099:
7091:, p. 155;
7078:
7058:
7049:, p. 169;
7045:
7041:
7031:
7029:
6994:
6990:
6973:
6969:
6960:
6956:
6948:
6944:
6925:
6921:
6908:
6904:
6896:
6892:
6888:
6883:
6882:
6856:
6852:
6840:
6836:
6827:
6823:
6818:
6796:
6768:nuclear weapons
6756:guided missiles
6703:elligence) and
6662:submachine guns
6628:
6536:First World War
6524:escort carriers
6433:
6427:
6411:slave labourers
6382:
6381:
6380:
6377:
6372:
6359:
6355:
6345:
6337:Main articles:
6335:
6299:inferior people
6238:
6218:Main articles:
6216:
6201:
6159:other countries
6064:
6056:
6031:
5999:Main articles:
5997:
5928:Japanese tested
5869:
5780:
5771:racist policies
5748:
5742:
5736:
5731:
5725:
5717:war reparations
5477:successor state
5426:colonial empire
5324:
5316:Main articles:
5314:
5137:landed on Luzon
5099:
5095:
5074:Joseph Goebbels
5043:Harry S. Truman
4957:entered Silesia
4904:
4814:German-occupied
4810:massive assault
4790:Josip Broz Tito
4758:Battle of Leyte
4752:returns to the
4709:Warsaw Uprising
4602:
4474:Chiang Kai-shek
4458:Battle of Kursk
4316:
4207:
4179:street fighting
4143:and occupy the
4129:Kerch Peninsula
4125:southern Russia
4115:, February 1943
4102:
4059:Solomon Islands
4017:, was to seize
3975:South China Sea
3927:
3879:Allied Big Four
3875:
3836:the Philippines
3679:Mukden incident
3660:
3654:
3398:
3392:
3345:Tripartite Pact
3250:
3244:
3208:Tripartite Pact
3158:
3151:in the Atlantic
3139:enjoyed success
3100:
3072:
3036:the Netherlands
3016:
2983:In April 1940,
2969:
2963:
2882:, 13 March 1940
2872:Mannerheim Line
2846:annexed western
2820:
2804:besieged Warsaw
2729:
2723:
2718:
2708:
2701:
2689:Polish Corridor
2677:plenipotentiary
2668:
2569:Klaipėda Region
2561:Slovak Republic
2509:little response
2505:annexed Austria
2470:
2458:Neutrality Pact
2438:
2432:
2386:defend Shanghai
2378:Chiang Kai-shek
2371:in Pingxingguan
2361:Kuomintang Army
2318:
2312:
2291:
2268:
2262:
2204:(also known as
2175:
2169:
2164:
2101:Mukden incident
2093:Empire of Japan
2062:
2007:
1917:Weimar Republic
1909:
1871:
1870:after World War
1820:Austria-Hungary
1809:
1808:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1773:
1760:
1716:fought between
1709:
1698:A. J. P. Taylor
1666:
1637:
1624:
1593:
1590:
1554:
1538:
1510:
1475:
1469:
1323:in solidarity.
1315:, including an
1303:Japan aimed to
1195:the Sudetenland
1076:global conflict
1061:
1029:
1012:
986:
949:
948:
947:
942:
829:Other campaigns
823:Southern France
732:Burma and India
727:South-East Asia
722:Franco-Thai War
577:
571:
569:
535:
530:further details
521:Over 12,000,000
494:
489:further details
480:Over 61,000,000
472:Over 45,000,000
464:Over 16,000,000
446:
434:
422:
410:
398:
394:Chiang Kai-shek
386:
374:
362:
350:
304:
283:
282:
228:South-East Asia
189:
176:
150:Soviet soldier
109:
108:
107:
106:
105:
97:
96:
87:
86:
85:
77:
76:
67:
66:
65:
57:
56:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
27731:
27721:
27720:
27715:
27710:
27705:
27700:
27695:
27690:
27685:
27680:
27675:
27670:
27665:
27660:
27655:
27650:
27645:
27640:
27635:
27630:
27625:
27620:
27615:
27610:
27605:
27600:
27595:
27590:
27585:
27580:
27575:
27570:
27565:
27560:
27555:
27550:
27545:
27540:
27535:
27530:
27525:
27520:
27515:
27510:
27505:
27500:
27495:
27490:
27485:
27480:
27475:
27470:
27465:
27460:
27455:
27450:
27445:
27440:
27435:
27430:
27425:
27420:
27415:
27410:
27405:
27400:
27395:
27390:
27385:
27380:
27375:
27370:
27365:
27360:
27355:
27350:
27345:
27340:
27335:
27330:
27325:
27320:
27315:
27310:
27305:
27300:
27295:
27290:
27285:
27268:
27267:
27265:
27264:
27259:
27254:
27249:
27244:
27239:
27234:
27229:
27224:
27219:
27214:
27212:Easternization
27209:
27204:
27199:
27194:
27189:
27184:
27179:
27174:
27169:
27164:
27159:
27154:
27149:
27143:
27141:
27135:
27134:
27132:
27131:
27130:
27129:
27124:
27123:
27122:
27117:
27107:
27106:
27105:
27095:
27094:
27093:
27092:
27091:
27086:
27076:
27071:
27066:
27065:
27064:
27049:
27048:
27047:
27042:
27037:
27022:
27021:
27020:
27015:
27013:Zoroastrianism
27005:
27004:
27003:
26998:
26993:
26988:
26983:
26978:
26968:
26967:
26966:
26961:
26956:
26955:
26954:
26949:
26944:
26939:
26934:
26924:
26923:
26922:
26917:
26912:
26907:
26906:
26905:
26884:
26882:
26876:
26875:
26873:
26872:
26871:
26870:
26865:
26855:
26850:
26845:
26840:
26835:
26830:
26828:Islamic ethics
26825:
26820:
26815:
26810:
26805:
26800:
26795:
26789:
26787:
26781:
26780:
26778:
26777:
26772:
26767:
26762:
26761:
26760:
26755:
26745:
26740:
26735:
26734:
26733:
26728:
26723:
26713:
26708:
26703:
26702:
26701:
26696:
26691:
26681:
26680:
26679:
26669:
26664:
26663:
26662:
26657:
26652:
26647:
26642:
26637:
26632:
26627:
26622:
26611:
26609:
26603:
26602:
26600:
26599:
26594:
26593:
26592:
26587:
26586:
26585:
26580:
26570:
26565:
26564:
26563:
26558:
26548:
26543:
26533:
26528:
26523:
26517:
26515:
26511:
26510:
26508:
26507:
26502:
26497:
26492:
26487:
26482:
26476:
26474:
26470:
26469:
26458:
26457:
26450:
26443:
26435:
26426:
26425:
26423:
26422:
26420:Westernization
26417:
26412:
26407:
26402:
26400:Visegrád Group
26397:
26392:
26387:
26382:
26377:
26372:
26367:
26362:
26357:
26352:
26347:
26342:
26340:Nordic Council
26337:
26332:
26327:
26322:
26317:
26312:
26307:
26302:
26297:
26292:
26287:
26282:
26277:
26272:
26267:
26262:
26257:
26252:
26247:
26242:
26237:
26235:Bucharest Nine
26232:
26227:
26222:
26217:
26212:
26207:
26202:
26200:Arctic Council
26197:
26192:
26187:
26182:
26177:
26171:
26169:
26163:
26162:
26160:
26159:
26154:
26149:
26148:
26147:
26142:
26137:
26132:
26127:
26122:
26112:
26107:
26106:
26105:
26095:
26089:
26087:
26081:
26080:
26078:
26077:
26072:
26067:
26066:
26065:
26060:
26055:
26050:
26045:
26044:
26043:
26038:
26033:
26028:
26018:
26013:
26008:
25998:
25997:
25996:
25995:
25994:
25984:
25983:
25982:
25977:
25976:
25975:
25965:
25964:
25963:
25953:
25952:
25951:
25926:
25924:
25918:
25917:
25915:
25914:
25913:
25912:
25902:
25897:
25892:
25891:
25890:
25878:
25877:
25876:
25866:
25861:
25856:
25851:
25846:
25841:
25836:
25835:
25834:
25829:
25819:
25818:
25817:
25810:Existentialism
25807:
25802:
25797:
25792:
25787:
25782:
25777:
25772:
25767:
25761:
25759:
25753:
25752:
25750:
25749:
25748:
25747:
25742:
25737:
25732:
25722:
25721:
25720:
25710:
25709:
25708:
25703:
25693:
25692:
25691:
25681:
25676:
25675:
25674:
25669:
25664:
25654:
25653:
25652:
25642:
25641:
25640:
25630:
25629:
25628:
25623:
25613:
25608:
25603:
25598:
25597:
25596:
25586:
25581:
25580:
25579:
25569:
25568:
25567:
25557:
25556:
25555:
25545:
25540:
25539:
25538:
25528:
25523:
25522:
25521:
25516:
25511:
25500:
25498:
25492:
25491:
25489:
25488:
25487:
25486:
25481:
25471:
25470:
25469:
25464:
25459:
25454:
25449:
25444:
25439:
25434:
25429:
25424:
25419:
25414:
25409:
25404:
25399:
25394:
25389:
25384:
25374:
25369:
25368:
25367:
25362:
25357:
25347:
25346:
25345:
25343:Late antiquity
25335:
25329:
25327:
25321:
25320:
25318:
25317:
25312:
25307:
25302:
25297:
25296:
25295:
25294:
25293:
25288:
25278:
25273:
25268:
25258:
25253:
25247:
25245:
25241:
25240:
25229:
25228:
25221:
25214:
25206:
25197:
25196:
25194:
25193:
25188:
25183:
25178:
25173:
25168:
25163:
25158:
25152:
25150:
25144:
25143:
25141:
25140:
25135:
25130:
25129:
25128:
25123:
25118:
25113:
25111:British Empire
25106:United Kingdom
25103:
25098:
25093:
25092:
25091:
25086:
25081:
25079:Basque Country
25071:
25070:
25069:
25064:
25059:
25049:
25044:
25039:
25034:
25029:
25024:
25019:
25014:
25009:
25004:
24999:
24994:
24989:
24984:
24979:
24969:
24964:
24959:
24958:
24957:
24955:Basque Country
24952:
24942:
24937:
24932:
24927:
24925:Czechoslovakia
24922:
24917:
24912:
24907:
24901:
24899:
24895:
24894:
24892:
24891:
24886:
24881:
24876:
24871:
24866:
24861:
24856:
24851:
24846:
24841:
24836:
24831:
24826:
24825:
24824:
24814:
24809:
24804:
24803:
24802:
24797:
24787:
24786:
24785:
24775:
24770:
24764:
24762:
24758:
24757:
24755:
24754:
24749:
24744:
24739:
24734:
24729:
24724:
24718:
24716:
24712:
24711:
24709:
24708:
24707:
24706:
24701:
24696:
24691:
24686:
24681:
24671:
24666:
24661:
24656:
24651:
24646:
24640:
24638:
24634:
24633:
24631:
24630:
24625:
24620:
24615:
24610:
24609:
24608:
24603:
24593:
24588:
24583:
24578:
24573:
24568:
24563:
24558:
24553:
24548:
24543:
24537:
24535:
24531:
24530:
24523:
24522:
24515:
24508:
24500:
24491:
24490:
24488:
24487:
24480:
24473:
24456:
24453:
24452:
24449:
24448:
24446:
24445:
24444:
24443:
24436:
24429:
24415:
24414:
24413:
24399:
24396:South Sakhalin
24392:
24391:
24390:
24376:
24369:
24362:
24355:
24348:
24347:
24346:
24332:
24325:
24318:
24311:
24304:
24297:
24290:
24283:
24276:
24269:
24262:
24255:
24248:
24241:
24233:
24231:
24225:
24224:
24222:
24221:
24214:
24213:
24212:
24196:
24189:
24188:
24187:
24173:
24166:
24159:
24152:
24145:
24136:
24127:
24120:
24111:
24104:
24097:
24090:
24081:
24074:
24067:
24060:
24053:
24046:
24039:
24030:
24023:
24014:
24005:
23996:
23989:
23982:
23971:
23961:
23959:
23953:
23952:
23950:
23949:
23942:
23941:
23940:
23933:
23919:
23912:
23905:
23898:
23891:
23890:
23889:
23875:
23868:
23859:
23852:
23845:
23838:
23831:
23824:
23821:Battle of Attu
23817:
23810:
23802:
23800:
23794:
23793:
23791:
23790:
23783:
23774:
23767:
23760:
23751:
23744:
23737:
23730:
23721:
23720:
23719:
23712:
23698:
23691:
23684:
23677:
23670:
23663:
23656:
23649:
23642:
23635:
23627:
23625:
23619:
23618:
23616:
23615:
23608:
23601:
23594:
23587:
23580:
23573:
23570:Battle of Guam
23566:
23559:
23552:
23545:
23538:
23531:
23524:
23517:
23510:
23503:
23496:
23493:Battle of Kiev
23489:
23482:
23468:
23467:
23466:
23452:
23445:
23438:
23431:
23424:
23423:
23422:
23408:
23401:
23394:
23386:
23384:
23378:
23377:
23375:
23374:
23365:
23358:
23351:
23344:
23337:
23330:
23323:
23316:
23309:
23302:
23295:
23288:
23281:
23274:
23267:
23260:
23253:
23246:
23238:
23236:
23230:
23229:
23227:
23226:
23219:
23212:
23205:
23198:
23191:
23184:
23176:
23174:
23168:
23167:
23165:
23164:
23163:
23162:
23155:
23148:
23141:
23134:
23120:
23119:
23118:
23111:
23097:
23096:
23095:
23080:
23078:
23069:
23063:
23062:
23059:
23058:
23056:
23055:
23048:
23041:
23040:
23039:
23032:
23020:
23019:
23018:
23004:
22997:
22996:
22995:
22992:United Kingdom
22988:
22981:
22980:
22979:
22960:
22952:
22950:
22944:
22943:
22941:
22940:
22933:
22932:
22931:
22924:
22912:
22905:
22898:
22891:
22884:
22877:
22870:
22863:
22856:
22849:
22842:
22835:
22828:
22821:
22814:
22813:
22812:
22805:
22791:
22784:
22777:
22770:
22763:
22756:
22749:
22742:
22735:
22728:
22721:
22714:
22707:
22700:
22693:
22686:
22678:
22676:
22670:
22669:
22667:
22666:
22659:
22652:
22645:
22638:
22631:
22624:
22617:
22610:
22603:
22596:
22588:
22586:
22580:
22579:
22577:
22576:
22569:
22562:
22555:
22548:
22540:
22533:
22526:
22519:
22518:
22517:
22502:
22495:
22488:
22481:
22474:
22467:
22459:
22452:
22445:
22437:
22429:
22427:
22421:
22420:
22418:
22417:
22410:
22409:
22408:
22394:
22393:
22392:
22389:British Empire
22382:United Kingdom
22378:
22371:
22364:
22357:
22350:
22343:
22331:
22324:
22317:
22310:
22303:
22296:
22289:
22282:
22275:
22263:
22256:
22249:
22242:
22235:
22223:
22215:
22208:
22201:
22198:Czechoslovakia
22194:
22187:
22180:
22173:
22161:
22154:
22147:
22140:
22132:
22130:
22121:
22115:
22114:
22111:
22110:
22108:
22107:
22106:
22105:
22098:
22095:Rape of Manila
22091:
22084:
22077:
22066:
22051:
22044:
22032:
22025:
22024:
22023:
22016:
22002:
22001:
22000:
21993:
21986:
21972:
21965:
21964:
21963:
21956:
21955:
21954:
21947:
21933:
21926:
21912:
21911:
21910:
21903:
21896:
21881:
21879:
21873:
21872:
21870:
21869:
21866:United Nations
21862:
21855:
21848:
21847:
21846:
21839:
21832:
21825:
21811:
21802:
21793:
21786:
21779:
21772:
21763:
21756:
21749:
21742:
21735:
21728:
21725:Decolonization
21721:
21714:
21706:
21704:
21698:
21697:
21695:
21694:
21687:
21686:
21685:
21671:
21664:
21663:
21662:
21655:
21648:
21634:
21633:
21632:
21625:
21611:
21610:
21609:
21602:
21595:
21588:
21581:
21574:
21559:
21557:
21551:
21550:
21548:
21547:
21540:
21533:
21526:
21519:
21512:
21505:
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21001:. Lanham, MD:
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20909:
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20524:How Wars Begin
20519:
20507:Taylor, A.J.P.
20503:
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20489:Westview Press
20480:
20462:(3): 641–663.
20449:
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20433:. Crows Nest:
20426:
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20274:Soviet Studies
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19958:
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19916:
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19875:. Lanham, MD:
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19077:
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19004:. Lanham, MD:
18997:
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18906:Overy, Richard
18902:
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18516:(3): 499–518.
18503:
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18449:
18431:(2): 153–174.
18419:May, Ernest R.
18415:
18409:
18399:. Ithaca, NY:
18392:
18386:
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18340:
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18326:Westview Press
18317:
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18087:
18063:
18057:
18047:. Armonk, NY:
18040:
18034:
18017:
18011:
17993:Kolko, Gabriel
17989:
17963:(4): 891–920.
17950:
17932:(3): 122–128.
17921:
17900:
17894:
17875:
17869:
17850:
17844:
17826:
17820:
17810:. Manchester:
17803:
17797:
17779:
17773:
17753:
17747:
17731:Keeble, Curtis
17727:
17721:
17702:
17696:
17677:
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17655:Harold Shukman
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17357:(4): 913–930.
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17079:
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17003:Gordon, Andrew
16999:
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16624:
16606:(4): 599–625.
16593:
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16571:Goldman, Merle
16563:
16557:
16535:
16529:
16512:
16506:
16489:
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16463:Erickson, John
16459:
16453:
16436:
16395:(4): 671–680.
16375:
16316:
16310:
16293:
16287:
16270:
16252:(2): 153–169.
16241:
16235:
16218:
16212:
16204:Pantheon Books
16192:Dower, John W.
16188:
16182:
16158:
16152:
16128:
16114:
16092:Davies, Norman
16088:
16082:
16065:
16059:
16039:Cowley, Robert
16035:
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16012:
15981:
15975:
15962:
15956:
15935:
15929:
15912:
15906:
15889:
15883:
15865:Clogg, Richard
15861:
15835:(1): 123–143.
15822:
15816:
15806:. Armonk, NY:
15799:
15793:
15774:
15768:
15751:
15745:
15723:
15711:10.1086/265420
15705:(3): 387–407.
15692:
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15660:
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15566:
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15310:
15304:
15287:
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15264:
15258:
15238:
15232:
15210:
15204:
15187:
15181:
15171:. Armonk, NY:
15162:
15156:
15134:
15128:
15108:
15099:
15093:
15076:
15070:
15053:
15047:
15028:
15022:
15004:Beevor, Antony
15000:
14994:
14977:
14971:
14954:
14948:
14927:
14921:
14904:
14879:Soviet Studies
14873:
14867:
14850:
14844:
14822:
14804:(2): 201–231.
14793:
14787:
14771:
14763:
14760:
14758:
14757:
14727:
14697:
14666:
14643:
14613:
14601:
14571:
14569:, p. 221.
14556:
14554:, p. 734.
14544:
14542:, p. 108.
14529:
14490:(4): 545–566.
14470:
14440:
14433:
14411:
14409:, p. 125.
14396:
14385:(5): 343–355.
14369:
14357:
14345:
14333:
14321:
14309:
14302:
14284:
14277:
14259:
14257:, p. 163.
14247:
14231:
14229:, p. 227.
14219:
14207:
14200:
14182:
14180:, p. 126.
14176:, p. 84;
14166:
14154:
14147:
14129:
14127:, p. 267.
14125:Bernstein 1991
14117:
14105:
14082:
14061:
14046:
14000:
13998:, p. 266.
13985:
13983:, p. 107.
13973:
13961:
13949:
13936:
13934:, p. 232.
13924:
13922:, p. 148.
13912:
13910:, p. 138.
13900:
13888:
13859:
13848:on 21 May 2012
13825:
13823:, p. 360.
13813:
13801:
13771:
13740:
13736:Applebaum 2003
13728:
13715:
13694:Deutsche Welle
13679:
13645:
13633:
13618:
13598:
13563:
13556:
13548:Berghahn Books
13535:
13520:
13501:
13486:
13467:
13448:
13429:
13408:
13398:
13387:on 29 May 2012
13366:
13354:
13342:
13340:, p. 320.
13330:
13323:
13305:
13293:
13291:, p. 102.
13281:
13255:
13248:
13230:
13228:, p. 182.
13218:
13195:Rummell, R.J.
13187:
13157:
13126:
13091:
13072:
13052:
13040:
13025:. April 2006.
13008:
12978:
12941:
12926:
12891:
12879:
12877:, p. 204.
12867:
12855:
12840:
12814:
12783:
12752:
12736:
12729:
12705:
12693:
12686:
12665:
12653:
12641:
12629:
12627:, p. 117.
12617:
12605:
12593:
12581:
12579:, p. 212.
12577:Balabkins 1964
12569:
12557:
12531:
12527:Balabkins 1964
12519:
12517:, p. 263.
12507:
12505:, p. 207.
12503:Balabkins 1964
12495:
12479:
12467:
12465:, p. 589.
12455:
12443:
12431:
12429:, p. 911.
12419:
12407:
12405:, p. 318.
12395:
12365:
12353:
12341:
12337:Applebaum 2012
12329:
12317:
12313:Kantowicz 2000
12305:
12278:
12255:
12229:
12212:United Nations
12199:
12187:
12157:
12145:
12133:
12121:
12119:, p. 794.
12109:
12097:
12085:
12042:
12020:
11994:
11980:
11957:
11912:
11900:
11888:
11886:, p. 776.
11876:
11863:
11850:
11838:
11826:
11813:
11809:Miscamble 2007
11801:
11799:, p. 201.
11797:Miscamble 2007
11789:
11777:
11758:(5): 623–662.
11742:
11715:
11703:
11691:
11656:
11649:
11631:
11602:
11590:
11588:, p. 737.
11578:
11576:, p. 244.
11566:
11555:
11543:
11531:
11519:
11507:
11495:
11493:, p. 305.
11483:
11471:
11469:, p. 140.
11459:
11447:
11429:全面抗战,战犯前仆后继见阎王
11419:
11417:, p. 120.
11407:
11395:
11388:
11370:
11358:
11356:, p. 653.
11346:
11316:
11286:
11274:
11262:
11250:
11248:, p. 562.
11238:
11226:
11224:, p. 695.
11214:
11202:
11190:
11188:, p. 163.
11178:
11166:
11151:
11149:, p. 224.
11147:Lightbody 2004
11139:
11085:
11083:, p. 122.
11073:
11061:
11049:
11037:
11025:
11023:, p. 161.
11013:
11001:
10999:, p. 148.
10989:
10987:, p. 286.
10977:
10975:, p. 154.
10965:
10953:
10941:
10939:, p. 129.
10929:
10925:Blinkhorn 2006
10917:
10915:, p. 151.
10905:
10903:, p. 362.
10893:
10881:
10869:
10857:
10845:
10843:, p. 595.
10833:
10821:
10819:, p. 592.
10809:
10793:
10791:, p. 228.
10781:
10779:, p. 610.
10769:
10767:, p. 164.
10757:
10745:
10726:
10714:
10702:
10683:
10671:
10659:
10657:, p. 277.
10647:
10643:Neillands 2005
10635:
10633:, p. 129.
10623:
10621:, p. 178.
10611:
10599:
10587:
10575:
10563:
10551:
10549:, p. 142.
10539:
10527:
10525:, p. 119.
10515:
10503:
10491:
10489:, p. 764.
10479:
10467:
10455:
10453:, p. 111.
10443:
10441:, p. 340.
10431:
10429:, p. 197.
10419:
10400:
10376:
10374:, p. 339.
10364:
10362:, p. 368.
10352:
10340:
10328:
10326:, p. 186.
10316:
10304:
10302:, p. 145.
10292:
10290:, p. 158.
10280:
10278:, p. 362.
10268:
10256:
10244:
10232:
10202:
10172:
10142:
10112:
10110:, p. 904.
10100:
10088:
10076:
10044:
10042:in Wikisource.
10032:
10016:
10013:978-0399504341
9993:
9978:
9966:
9954:
9942:
9940:, p. 125.
9938:Lightbody 2004
9930:
9918:
9906:
9887:
9874:
9855:
9835:
9822:
9809:
9794:
9763:
9756:
9735:
9702:
9669:
9662:
9644:
9642:, p. 456.
9632:
9630:, p. 201.
9620:
9590:
9578:
9566:
9564:, p. 320.
9554:
9552:, p. 224.
9542:
9540:, p. 289.
9530:
9518:
9505:
9475:
9459:
9452:
9428:
9416:
9404:
9392:
9390:, p. 227.
9388:Reinhardt 1992
9380:
9368:
9366:, p. 113.
9356:
9352:Kleinfeld 1983
9344:
9342:, p. 425.
9332:
9330:, p. 220.
9320:
9308:
9296:
9284:
9272:
9260:
9248:
9236:
9232:Steinberg 1995
9224:
9212:
9210:, p. 555.
9200:
9165:
9153:
9141:
9129:
9113:
9111:, p. 195.
9101:
9099:, p. 114.
9089:
9075:
9049:
9037:
9025:
9013:
9001:
8989:
8977:
8975:, p. 106.
8965:
8953:
8934:
8932:, p. 118.
8922:
8910:
8908:, p. 877.
8898:
8896:, p. 179.
8886:
8855:
8834:
8832:, p. 390.
8822:
8810:
8798:
8796:, p. 282.
8782:
8778:Goldstein 2004
8770:
8758:
8739:
8723:
8721:, p. 198.
8711:
8709:, p. 311.
8699:
8697:, p. 207.
8687:
8675:
8663:
8661:, p. 152.
8651:
8639:
8627:
8615:
8603:
8591:
8579:
8567:
8555:
8543:
8531:
8522:
8503:
8479:
8467:
8463:Hanhimäki 1997
8455:
8428:
8407:
8395:
8383:
8368:
8356:
8347:
8335:
8323:
8314:
8302:
8290:
8247:
8235:
8205:
8195:, p. 32;
8185:
8181:Cienciala 2010
8168:
8152:
8130:
8110:
8098:
8069:
8036:
8010:
8008:, p. 608.
7998:
7971:(4): 695–722.
7955:
7953:, p. 108.
7943:
7941:, p. 471.
7931:
7929:, p. 234.
7919:
7917:, p. 330.
7907:
7895:
7883:
7881:, p. 157.
7871:
7859:
7857:, p. 144.
7847:
7820:
7789:
7787:, p. 342.
7777:
7765:
7753:
7751:, p. 566.
7741:
7729:
7716:
7703:
7694:
7675:
7655:
7643:
7631:
7629:, p. 146.
7619:
7617:, p. 271.
7607:
7595:
7593:, p. 231.
7583:
7581:, p. 289.
7571:
7559:
7540:
7520:
7508:
7496:
7484:
7482:, p. 458.
7472:
7470:, p. 104.
7460:
7448:
7436:
7434:, p. 124.
7424:
7418:, p. 96;
7408:
7396:
7384:
7372:
7370:, p. 149.
7368:Kantowicz 1999
7360:
7344:
7311:
7280:
7253:
7230:
7204:
7192:
7161:(3): 368–409.
7141:
7109:
7097:
7047:Ben-Horin 1943
7039:
7008:(2): 257–281.
6988:
6967:
6954:
6942:
6919:
6902:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6850:
6834:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6795:
6792:
6760:modern rockets
6689:Enigma machine
6660:, and various
6650:self-propelled
6646:anti-tank guns
6605:trench warfare
6540:anti-submarine
6485:proximity fuze
6465:ground-support
6453:reconnaissance
6447:, 21 June 1943
6429:Main article:
6426:
6423:
6378:
6374:
6373:
6362:
6360:
6353:
6348:
6347:
6346:
6334:
6331:
6291:scorched earth
6246:Palmiry forest
6215:
6212:
5996:
5993:
5981:aerial warfare
5959:eastern Poland
5939:Katyn massacre
5886:Yasuji Okamura
5738:Main article:
5735:
5732:
5727:Main article:
5724:
5721:
5683:(IMF) and the
5659:decolonisation
5600:South Sakhalin
5583:and number of
5544:became Soviet
5538:Czechoslovakia
5496:Central Europe
5449:member nations
5441:United Nations
5371:denazification
5313:
5310:
5238:Clement Attlee
5209:by March, and
5149:end of the war
5133:clearing Leyte
5022:Soviet troops
4903:
4900:
4849:Chindwin River
4788:under Marshal
4731:and triggered
4601:
4598:
4529:by the German
4485:Burma campaign
4382:central Russia
4315:
4312:
4206:
4203:
4101:
4098:
4015:Doolittle Raid
3926:
3923:
3898:grand strategy
3891:separate peace
3874:
3871:
3867:United Kingdom
3803:Fumimaro Konoe
3749:Southeast Asia
3730:harsh measures
3656:Main article:
3653:
3650:
3590:to secure the
3576:grand strategy
3541:Kiev offensive
3425:Southeast Asia
3409:Western Allies
3394:Main article:
3391:
3388:
3267:. In October,
3246:Main article:
3243:
3240:
3173:Neutrality Act
3153:. The British
2965:Main article:
2962:
2959:
2779:U-boat warfare
2751:invaded Poland
2725:Main article:
2722:
2719:
2700:
2697:
2652:eastern Poland
2517:Czechoslovakia
2469:
2466:
2434:Main article:
2431:
2428:
2420:city was taken
2359:, engaged the
2314:Main article:
2311:
2308:
2264:Main article:
2261:
2258:
2214:Regno d'Italia
2171:Main article:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:Pre-war events
2160:
2156:a united front
2152:Xi'an Incident
2088:. In 1931, an
2061:
2058:
2031:Neutrality Act
2006:
2003:
1908:
1905:
1834:—and the 1917
1832:Ottoman Empire
1816:Central Powers
1791:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1780:Main article:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1678:United Kingdom
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
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1611:
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1600:
1599:
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1570:
1564:
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1560:
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1547:
1542:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1468:
1465:
1433:United Nations
1373:fall of Berlin
1296:, opening the
1250:British Empire
1246:fall of France
1211:United Kingdom
1207:invaded Poland
1152:against German
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1008:Historiography
1005:
1000:
995:
989:
987:
985:
984:
979:
974:
968:
963:
962:
958:
957:
944:
943:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
898:Baltic Nations
889:
888:
887:
886:
876:
871:
870:
869:
859:
854:
849:
844:
843:
842:
826:
825:
820:
815:
814:
813:
808:
803:
795:
790:
785:
780:
779:
778:
773:
757:
756:
751:
750:
749:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
718:
717:
707:
694:
693:
692:
691:
681:
676:
675:
674:
664:
659:
658:
657:
647:
646:
645:
640:
635:
625:
620:
619:
618:
613:
608:
598:
593:
582:
579:
578:
568:
567:
560:
553:
545:
537:
536:
534:
533:
525:
522:
519:
514:
513:Over 4,000,000
511:
509:Civilian dead:
506:
505:Over 8,000,000
503:
501:Military dead:
497:
495:
493:
492:
484:
481:
478:
473:
470:
468:Civilian dead:
465:
462:
460:Military dead:
456:
453:
452:
448:
447:
445:
444:
432:
420:
407:
399:
397:
396:
384:
372:
360:
347:
338:
337:
333:
332:
325:
317:
316:
310:
309:
306:
305:
303:
302:
291:
289:
285:
284:
281:
280:
275:
270:
265:
263:Central Africa
260:
258:Horn of Africa
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
204:
198:
196:
192:
191:
186:
178:
177:
175:
174:
163:
152:raising a flag
148:
141:
140:in Japan, 1945
134:
123:
111:
99:
98:
90:
89:
88:
79:
78:
70:
69:
68:
59:
58:
50:
49:
48:
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43:
42:
36:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
27730:
27719:
27716:
27714:
27711:
27709:
27706:
27704:
27701:
27699:
27696:
27694:
27691:
27689:
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27684:
27681:
27679:
27676:
27674:
27671:
27669:
27666:
27664:
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27639:
27636:
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27629:
27626:
27624:
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27616:
27614:
27611:
27609:
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27601:
27599:
27596:
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27589:
27586:
27584:
27581:
27579:
27576:
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27569:
27566:
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27509:
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27501:
27499:
27496:
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27469:
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27409:
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27396:
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27389:
27386:
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27376:
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27371:
27369:
27366:
27364:
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27359:
27356:
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27349:
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27344:
27341:
27339:
27336:
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27331:
27329:
27326:
27324:
27321:
27319:
27316:
27314:
27311:
27309:
27306:
27304:
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27296:
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27289:
27286:
27284:
27281:
27280:
27278:
27263:
27260:
27258:
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27253:
27250:
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27245:
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27240:
27238:
27235:
27233:
27230:
27228:
27225:
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27220:
27218:
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27210:
27208:
27205:
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27180:
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27145:
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27142:
27136:
27128:
27125:
27121:
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27111:
27108:
27104:
27101:
27100:
27099:
27096:
27090:
27087:
27085:
27082:
27081:
27080:
27077:
27075:
27072:
27070:
27067:
27063:
27060:
27059:
27058:
27055:
27054:
27053:
27050:
27046:
27043:
27041:
27038:
27036:
27033:
27032:
27031:
27028:
27027:
27026:
27023:
27019:
27016:
27014:
27011:
27010:
27009:
27006:
27002:
26999:
26997:
26994:
26992:
26989:
26987:
26984:
26982:
26979:
26977:
26974:
26973:
26972:
26969:
26965:
26962:
26960:
26957:
26953:
26950:
26948:
26945:
26943:
26940:
26938:
26935:
26933:
26930:
26929:
26928:
26925:
26921:
26918:
26916:
26913:
26911:
26908:
26904:
26901:
26900:
26899:
26896:
26895:
26894:
26891:
26890:
26889:
26886:
26885:
26883:
26881:
26877:
26869:
26866:
26864:
26861:
26860:
26859:
26856:
26854:
26851:
26849:
26846:
26844:
26841:
26839:
26836:
26834:
26831:
26829:
26826:
26824:
26821:
26819:
26816:
26814:
26811:
26809:
26806:
26804:
26801:
26799:
26796:
26794:
26791:
26790:
26788:
26786:
26782:
26776:
26773:
26771:
26768:
26766:
26763:
26759:
26756:
26754:
26751:
26750:
26749:
26746:
26744:
26741:
26739:
26736:
26732:
26729:
26727:
26724:
26722:
26719:
26718:
26717:
26714:
26712:
26709:
26707:
26704:
26700:
26697:
26695:
26692:
26690:
26687:
26686:
26685:
26682:
26678:
26675:
26674:
26673:
26670:
26668:
26665:
26661:
26658:
26656:
26653:
26651:
26648:
26646:
26643:
26641:
26638:
26636:
26633:
26631:
26628:
26626:
26623:
26621:
26618:
26617:
26616:
26613:
26612:
26610:
26608:
26604:
26598:
26595:
26591:
26588:
26584:
26581:
26579:
26576:
26575:
26574:
26571:
26569:
26566:
26562:
26559:
26557:
26554:
26553:
26552:
26549:
26547:
26544:
26542:
26539:
26538:
26537:
26536:Modern period
26534:
26532:
26529:
26527:
26524:
26522:
26519:
26518:
26516:
26512:
26506:
26503:
26501:
26498:
26496:
26493:
26491:
26488:
26486:
26483:
26481:
26478:
26477:
26475:
26471:
26467:
26463:
26462:Eastern world
26456:
26451:
26449:
26444:
26442:
26437:
26436:
26433:
26421:
26418:
26416:
26413:
26411:
26408:
26406:
26403:
26401:
26398:
26396:
26393:
26391:
26388:
26386:
26383:
26381:
26378:
26376:
26373:
26371:
26368:
26366:
26365:PROSUR/PROSUL
26363:
26361:
26358:
26356:
26353:
26351:
26348:
26346:
26343:
26341:
26338:
26336:
26333:
26331:
26328:
26326:
26323:
26321:
26318:
26316:
26313:
26311:
26308:
26306:
26303:
26301:
26298:
26296:
26293:
26291:
26288:
26286:
26283:
26281:
26278:
26276:
26273:
26271:
26268:
26266:
26263:
26261:
26260:Craiova Group
26258:
26256:
26253:
26251:
26248:
26246:
26243:
26241:
26238:
26236:
26233:
26231:
26228:
26226:
26223:
26221:
26218:
26216:
26213:
26211:
26208:
26206:
26203:
26201:
26198:
26196:
26193:
26191:
26188:
26186:
26183:
26181:
26178:
26176:
26175:ABCANZ Armies
26173:
26172:
26170:
26164:
26158:
26155:
26153:
26150:
26146:
26143:
26141:
26138:
26136:
26133:
26131:
26128:
26126:
26123:
26121:
26118:
26117:
26116:
26113:
26111:
26108:
26104:
26101:
26100:
26099:
26096:
26094:
26091:
26090:
26088:
26086:
26082:
26076:
26073:
26071:
26068:
26064:
26061:
26059:
26056:
26054:
26051:
26049:
26046:
26042:
26039:
26037:
26034:
26032:
26029:
26027:
26024:
26023:
26022:
26019:
26017:
26014:
26012:
26009:
26007:
26004:
26003:
26002:
25999:
25993:
25990:
25989:
25988:
25985:
25981:
25980:Protestantism
25978:
25974:
25971:
25970:
25969:
25966:
25962:
25959:
25958:
25957:
25954:
25950:
25946:
25943:
25942:
25941:
25938:
25937:
25936:
25933:
25932:
25931:
25928:
25927:
25925:
25923:
25919:
25911:
25908:
25907:
25906:
25903:
25901:
25900:Sovereigntism
25898:
25896:
25893:
25889:
25888:
25884:
25883:
25882:
25879:
25875:
25872:
25871:
25870:
25867:
25865:
25862:
25860:
25857:
25855:
25852:
25850:
25847:
25845:
25842:
25840:
25837:
25833:
25830:
25828:
25825:
25824:
25823:
25820:
25816:
25813:
25812:
25811:
25808:
25806:
25803:
25801:
25798:
25796:
25795:Scholasticism
25793:
25791:
25788:
25786:
25783:
25781:
25778:
25776:
25773:
25771:
25768:
25766:
25763:
25762:
25760:
25758:
25754:
25746:
25743:
25741:
25738:
25736:
25733:
25731:
25728:
25727:
25726:
25723:
25719:
25716:
25715:
25714:
25711:
25707:
25704:
25702:
25699:
25698:
25697:
25694:
25690:
25687:
25686:
25685:
25682:
25680:
25677:
25673:
25670:
25668:
25665:
25663:
25660:
25659:
25658:
25655:
25651:
25648:
25647:
25646:
25643:
25639:
25636:
25635:
25634:
25631:
25627:
25624:
25622:
25619:
25618:
25617:
25614:
25612:
25609:
25607:
25604:
25602:
25599:
25595:
25592:
25591:
25590:
25587:
25585:
25582:
25578:
25575:
25574:
25573:
25570:
25566:
25563:
25562:
25561:
25558:
25554:
25551:
25550:
25549:
25546:
25544:
25541:
25537:
25534:
25533:
25532:
25529:
25527:
25524:
25520:
25517:
25515:
25512:
25510:
25507:
25506:
25505:
25502:
25501:
25499:
25497:
25493:
25485:
25484:War on terror
25482:
25480:
25477:
25476:
25475:
25472:
25468:
25465:
25463:
25460:
25458:
25455:
25453:
25450:
25448:
25445:
25443:
25440:
25438:
25435:
25433:
25430:
25428:
25425:
25423:
25420:
25418:
25415:
25413:
25410:
25408:
25405:
25403:
25400:
25398:
25395:
25393:
25390:
25388:
25385:
25383:
25380:
25379:
25378:
25377:Modern period
25375:
25373:
25370:
25366:
25363:
25361:
25358:
25356:
25353:
25352:
25351:
25348:
25344:
25341:
25340:
25339:
25336:
25334:
25331:
25330:
25328:
25326:
25322:
25316:
25313:
25311:
25308:
25306:
25303:
25301:
25298:
25292:
25289:
25287:
25284:
25283:
25282:
25279:
25277:
25274:
25272:
25269:
25267:
25264:
25263:
25262:
25259:
25257:
25254:
25252:
25249:
25248:
25246:
25242:
25238:
25234:
25233:Western world
25227:
25222:
25220:
25215:
25213:
25208:
25207:
25204:
25192:
25189:
25187:
25184:
25182:
25179:
25177:
25174:
25172:
25169:
25167:
25164:
25162:
25159:
25157:
25154:
25153:
25151:
25145:
25139:
25136:
25134:
25131:
25127:
25124:
25122:
25119:
25117:
25114:
25112:
25109:
25108:
25107:
25104:
25102:
25099:
25097:
25094:
25090:
25087:
25085:
25082:
25080:
25077:
25076:
25075:
25072:
25068:
25065:
25063:
25060:
25058:
25055:
25054:
25053:
25050:
25048:
25045:
25043:
25040:
25038:
25035:
25033:
25030:
25028:
25025:
25023:
25020:
25018:
25015:
25013:
25010:
25008:
25005:
25003:
25002:Liechtenstein
25000:
24998:
24995:
24993:
24990:
24988:
24985:
24983:
24980:
24977:
24973:
24970:
24968:
24965:
24963:
24960:
24956:
24953:
24951:
24948:
24947:
24946:
24943:
24941:
24938:
24936:
24933:
24931:
24928:
24926:
24923:
24921:
24918:
24916:
24913:
24911:
24908:
24906:
24903:
24902:
24900:
24896:
24890:
24887:
24885:
24882:
24880:
24877:
24875:
24872:
24870:
24867:
24865:
24862:
24860:
24857:
24855:
24852:
24850:
24847:
24845:
24842:
24840:
24837:
24835:
24832:
24830:
24827:
24823:
24820:
24819:
24818:
24815:
24813:
24810:
24808:
24805:
24801:
24798:
24796:
24793:
24792:
24791:
24788:
24784:
24781:
24780:
24779:
24776:
24774:
24771:
24769:
24766:
24765:
24763:
24759:
24753:
24750:
24748:
24745:
24743:
24740:
24738:
24737:Latin America
24735:
24733:
24730:
24728:
24725:
24723:
24720:
24719:
24717:
24715:South America
24713:
24705:
24702:
24700:
24697:
24695:
24692:
24690:
24687:
24685:
24682:
24680:
24677:
24676:
24675:
24674:United States
24672:
24670:
24667:
24665:
24662:
24660:
24657:
24655:
24652:
24650:
24647:
24645:
24642:
24641:
24639:
24637:North America
24635:
24629:
24626:
24624:
24621:
24619:
24616:
24614:
24611:
24607:
24604:
24602:
24599:
24598:
24597:
24594:
24592:
24589:
24587:
24584:
24582:
24579:
24577:
24574:
24572:
24569:
24567:
24564:
24562:
24559:
24557:
24554:
24552:
24549:
24547:
24544:
24542:
24541:Belgian Congo
24539:
24538:
24536:
24532:
24528:
24521:
24516:
24514:
24509:
24507:
24502:
24501:
24498:
24485:
24481:
24478:
24474:
24471:
24470:
24465:
24458:
24457:
24454:
24441:
24437:
24434:
24430:
24427:
24423:
24422:
24420:
24416:
24411:
24407:
24406:
24404:
24403:Kuril Islands
24400:
24397:
24393:
24388:
24384:
24383:
24381:
24377:
24374:
24370:
24367:
24363:
24360:
24356:
24353:
24349:
24344:
24340:
24339:
24337:
24333:
24330:
24326:
24323:
24319:
24316:
24312:
24309:
24305:
24302:
24298:
24295:
24291:
24288:
24284:
24281:
24277:
24274:
24270:
24267:
24263:
24260:
24256:
24253:
24249:
24246:
24242:
24239:
24235:
24234:
24232:
24230:
24226:
24219:
24215:
24210:
24209:
24204:
24203:
24201:
24197:
24194:
24190:
24185:
24181:
24180:
24178:
24174:
24171:
24170:Syrmian Front
24167:
24164:
24160:
24157:
24153:
24150:
24146:
24143:
24142:
24137:
24134:
24133:
24128:
24125:
24121:
24118:
24117:
24116:Market Garden
24112:
24109:
24105:
24102:
24098:
24095:
24091:
24088:
24087:
24082:
24079:
24075:
24072:
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24012:
24011:
24006:
24003:
24002:
23997:
23994:
23990:
23987:
23983:
23980:
23976:
23975:Monte Cassino
23972:
23969:
23968:
23963:
23962:
23960:
23958:
23954:
23947:
23943:
23938:
23934:
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23839:
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23473:
23469:
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23416:
23415:
23413:
23409:
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23399:
23395:
23392:
23388:
23387:
23385:
23383:
23379:
23372:
23371:
23366:
23363:
23359:
23356:
23352:
23349:
23345:
23342:
23341:Baltic states
23338:
23335:
23331:
23328:
23324:
23321:
23317:
23314:
23310:
23307:
23303:
23300:
23296:
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23025:
23021:
23016:
23012:
23011:
23009:
23005:
23002:
22998:
22993:
22989:
22986:
22985:United States
22982:
22977:
22973:
22972:
22970:
22966:
22965:
22961:
22958:
22954:
22953:
22951:
22949:
22945:
22938:
22934:
22929:
22925:
22922:
22921:Quốc dân Đảng
22918:
22917:
22913:
22910:
22906:
22903:
22899:
22896:
22892:
22889:
22885:
22882:
22878:
22875:
22871:
22868:
22864:
22861:
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22850:
22847:
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22840:
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22705:
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22660:
22657:
22653:
22650:
22646:
22643:
22639:
22636:
22632:
22629:
22625:
22622:
22621:Liechtenstein
22618:
22615:
22611:
22608:
22604:
22601:
22597:
22594:
22590:
22589:
22587:
22585:
22581:
22574:
22573:Collaboration
22570:
22567:
22563:
22560:
22556:
22553:
22549:
22545:
22541:
22538:
22534:
22531:
22527:
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22515:
22511:
22510:
22507:
22503:
22500:
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22493:
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22479:
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22472:
22468:
22464:
22460:
22457:
22453:
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22446:
22442:
22438:
22435:
22431:
22430:
22428:
22426:
22422:
22415:
22411:
22406:
22402:
22401:
22399:
22398:United States
22395:
22390:
22386:
22385:
22383:
22379:
22376:
22372:
22369:
22365:
22362:
22358:
22355:
22351:
22348:
22344:
22340:
22336:
22332:
22329:
22325:
22322:
22318:
22315:
22311:
22308:
22304:
22301:
22297:
22294:
22290:
22287:
22283:
22280:
22276:
22272:
22268:
22264:
22261:
22257:
22254:
22250:
22247:
22243:
22240:
22236:
22232:
22228:
22224:
22220:
22216:
22213:
22209:
22206:
22202:
22199:
22195:
22192:
22188:
22185:
22181:
22178:
22174:
22170:
22166:
22162:
22159:
22155:
22152:
22148:
22145:
22141:
22138:
22134:
22133:
22131:
22129:
22125:
22122:
22120:
22116:
22103:
22099:
22096:
22092:
22089:
22088:Comfort women
22085:
22082:
22078:
22075:
22072: /
22071:
22067:
22064:
22061: /
22060:
22057: /
22056:
22052:
22049:
22048:Camp brothels
22045:
22042:
22038:
22037:
22033:
22030:
22026:
22021:
22017:
22014:
22010:
22009:
22007:
22003:
21998:
21994:
21991:
21987:
21984:
21980:
21979:
21977:
21973:
21970:
21966:
21961:
21957:
21952:
21948:
21945:
21941:
21940:
21938:
21937:The Holocaust
21934:
21931:
21927:
21924:
21923:forced labour
21920:
21919:
21917:
21913:
21908:
21904:
21901:
21897:
21894:
21890:
21889:
21887:
21883:
21882:
21880:
21878:
21874:
21867:
21863:
21860:
21856:
21853:
21849:
21844:
21840:
21837:
21833:
21830:
21826:
21823:
21819:
21818:
21816:
21812:
21809:
21808:
21803:
21800:
21799:
21794:
21791:
21787:
21784:
21780:
21777:
21776:Marshall Plan
21773:
21770:
21769:
21764:
21761:
21757:
21754:
21750:
21747:
21743:
21740:
21736:
21733:
21729:
21726:
21722:
21719:
21715:
21712:
21708:
21707:
21705:
21703:
21699:
21692:
21688:
21683:
21679:
21678:
21676:
21672:
21669:
21665:
21660:
21656:
21653:
21649:
21646:
21642:
21641:
21639:
21635:
21630:
21629:Eastern Front
21626:
21623:
21622:Western Front
21619:
21618:
21616:
21612:
21607:
21603:
21600:
21596:
21593:
21589:
21586:
21582:
21579:
21575:
21572:
21568:
21567:
21565:
21561:
21560:
21558:
21556:
21552:
21545:
21541:
21538:
21534:
21531:
21527:
21524:
21520:
21517:
21516:Puppet states
21513:
21510:
21506:
21503:
21499:
21494:
21490:
21487:
21483:
21482:
21480:
21476:
21473:
21469:
21466:
21462:
21459:
21458:Naval history
21455:
21452:
21448:
21445:
21441:
21438:
21434:
21429:
21425:
21424:
21422:
21418:
21415:
21411:
21406:
21405:United States
21402:
21399:
21395:
21392:
21388:
21387:
21385:
21381:
21378:
21374:
21371:
21367:
21364:
21360:
21357:
21353:
21350:
21346:
21343:
21339:
21334:
21330:
21329:
21327:
21323:
21322:
21320:
21318:
21314:
21311:
21307:
21300:
21296:
21293:
21289:
21284:
21280:
21277:
21273:
21270:
21266:
21265:
21261:
21256:
21252:
21251:
21249:
21245:
21242:
21238:
21237:
21234:
21230:
21223:
21218:
21216:
21211:
21209:
21204:
21203:
21200:
21193:
21190:
21187:
21183:
21179:
21176:
21173:
21169:
21165:
21162:
21161:
21150:
21144:
21140:
21136:
21132:
21128:
21124:
21118:
21114:
21109:
21105:
21099:
21095:
21091:
21086:
21082:
21076:
21072:
21068:
21064:
21060:
21056:
21050:
21046:
21041:
21037:
21031:
21027:
21023:
21018:
21014:
21008:
21004:
21000:
20995:
20991:
20985:
20981:
20978:. Cambridge:
20977:
20972:
20968:
20962:
20958:
20953:
20952:
20946:
20942:
20938:
20934:
20930:
20926:
20922:
20918:
20914:
20913:Wilt, Alan F.
20910:
20906:
20900:
20896:
20892:
20887:
20883:
20877:
20873:
20869:
20864:
20860:
20854:
20850:
20846:
20841:
20836:
20830:
20826:
20822:
20818:
20814:
20810:
20804:
20800:
20796:
20792:
20788:
20784:
20778:
20774:
20771:. Singapore:
20770:
20765:
20761:
20757:
20753:
20749:
20745:
20741:
20737:
20733:
20732:
20727:
20723:
20711:
20707:
20703:
20702:
20697:
20693:
20689:
20683:
20679:
20675:
20670:
20666:
20660:
20656:
20655:
20650:
20646:
20642:
20636:
20632:
20628:
20624:
20620:
20616:
20610:
20606:
20602:
20601:
20596:
20591:
20587:
20581:
20577:
20573:
20568:
20564:
20558:
20554:
20550:
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20543:
20539:
20533:
20529:
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20516:
20512:
20508:
20504:
20500:
20494:
20490:
20486:
20481:
20477:
20473:
20469:
20465:
20461:
20457:
20456:
20450:
20446:
20440:
20436:
20432:
20427:
20423:
20417:
20413:
20409:
20404:
20400:
20394:
20390:
20386:
20381:
20377:
20373:
20369:
20365:
20361:
20357:
20353:
20349:
20348:
20342:
20338:
20334:
20330:
20326:
20322:
20318:
20317:
20312:
20308:
20304:
20300:
20296:
20292:
20288:
20284:
20280:
20276:
20275:
20269:
20265:
20259:
20255:
20251:
20247:
20243:
20239:
20233:
20230:. Last Gasp.
20229:
20224:
20220:
20214:
20210:
20206:
20201:
20197:
20191:
20187:
20182:
20178:
20172:
20168:
20163:
20159:
20153:
20149:
20144:
20143:
20136:
20132:
20126:
20122:
20117:
20113:
20107:
20103:
20098:
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20054:
20050:
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20037:
20031:
20027:
20021:
20017:
20013:
20008:
20004:
19998:
19994:
19990:
19986:
19982:
19978:
19974:
19970:
19966:
19965:
19959:
19955:
19951:
19947:
19943:
19939:
19935:
19931:
19927:
19926:
19921:
19917:
19913:
19907:
19903:
19899:
19898:
19892:
19888:
19882:
19878:
19874:
19873:
19867:
19863:
19857:
19853:
19849:
19844:
19840:
19834:
19830:
19825:
19821:
19817:
19813:
19809:
19805:
19801:
19796:
19792:
19786:
19782:
19778:
19773:
19769:
19763:
19759:
19755:
19750:
19738:
19734:
19730:
19729:
19723:
19719:
19713:
19709:
19705:
19701:
19697:
19693:
19687:
19683:
19682:Penguin Books
19679:
19678:
19673:
19672:Roberts, J.M.
19669:
19665:
19659:
19655:
19651:
19647:
19643:
19639:
19635:
19631:
19627:
19623:
19619:
19618:
19612:
19608:
19602:
19598:
19595:. Cambridge:
19594:
19589:
19585:
19579:
19575:
19574:
19568:
19564:
19558:
19554:
19550:
19546:
19542:
19538:
19532:
19528:
19524:
19520:
19516:
19512:
19506:
19503:. Brassey's.
19502:
19501:
19495:
19491:
19485:
19481:
19477:
19473:
19469:
19454:
19450:
19444:
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19376:
19372:
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19325:
19321:
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19275:
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19252:
19248:
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19240:
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19230:
19226:
19222:
19217:
19213:
19207:
19203:
19199:
19194:
19190:
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19180:
19176:
19175:
19169:
19165:
19159:
19155:
19151:
19147:
19143:
19139:
19133:
19129:
19128:Da Capo Press
19125:
19120:
19116:
19112:
19108:
19104:
19100:
19096:
19092:
19088:
19087:
19082:
19078:
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19043:
19039:
19035:
19034:
19029:
19025:
19021:
19017:
19011:
19007:
19003:
18998:
18994:
18988:
18984:
18983:Penguin Books
18980:
18979:
18973:
18969:
18963:
18959:
18958:
18952:
18948:
18942:
18938:
18937:
18931:
18927:
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18917:
18913:
18912:
18907:
18903:
18899:
18893:
18889:
18885:
18884:
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18874:
18868:
18864:
18859:
18855:
18849:
18845:
18841:
18840:
18835:
18831:
18827:
18821:
18817:
18814:. Cambridge:
18813:
18808:
18804:
18798:
18794:
18790:
18786:
18782:
18778:
18772:
18768:
18764:
18759:
18755:
18749:
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18614:
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18523:
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18511:
18510:
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18500:
18494:
18490:
18486:
18482:
18478:
18474:
18468:
18464:
18460:
18459:
18454:
18453:Mazower, Mark
18450:
18446:
18442:
18438:
18434:
18430:
18426:
18425:
18420:
18416:
18412:
18406:
18402:
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18318:
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18299:
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18283:
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18260:
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18247:
18243:
18237:
18233:
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18214:
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18157:
18145:
18141:
18137:
18133:
18129:
18128:
18123:
18118:
18114:
18108:
18104:
18100:
18095:
18093:in 3 volumes.
18090:
18084:
18080:
18077:. Cambridge:
18076:
18072:
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18064:
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18050:
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17957:
17951:
17947:
17943:
17939:
17935:
17931:
17927:
17922:
17918:
17914:
17911:(1): 13–361.
17910:
17906:
17901:
17897:
17891:
17887:
17883:
17882:
17876:
17872:
17866:
17862:
17858:
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17766:
17762:
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17744:
17740:
17737:. Cambridge:
17736:
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17709:
17703:
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17693:
17689:
17685:
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17668:
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17663:Phoenix Press
17660:
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17628:
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17610:
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17591:
17588:. Lexington:
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17479:
17475:
17470:
17466:
17460:
17456:
17452:
17447:
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17437:
17433:
17430:. Cambridge:
17429:
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17389:
17385:
17381:
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17345:Herf, Jeffrey
17342:
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17160:. Cambridge:
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16753:
16749:
16744:
16740:
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16730:
16726:
16725:
16719:
16715:
16709:
16705:
16702:. Cambridge:
16701:
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16686:
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16678:
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16670:
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16660:
16656:
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16513:
16509:
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16495:
16490:
16486:
16480:
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16475:Phoenix Press
16472:
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16117:
16111:
16107:
16103:
16099:
16098:
16093:
16089:
16085:
16079:
16075:
16074:Penguin Books
16071:
16066:
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16056:
16052:
16048:
16044:
16040:
16036:
16032:
16026:
16022:
16018:
16013:
16001:
15997:
15993:
15992:
15991:History Today
15987:
15982:
15978:
15972:
15969:. Brassey's.
15968:
15963:
15959:
15953:
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15944:
15943:
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15628:
15624:
15620:
15616:
15612:
15608:
15604:
15599:
15595:
15589:
15585:
15584:Penguin Books
15581:
15577:
15576:Bullock, Alan
15573:
15569:
15563:
15559:
15555:
15550:
15546:
15540:
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15526:
15522:
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15514:
15508:
15504:
15500:
15495:
15493:
15489:
15486:
15485:online review
15480:
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15288:
15284:
15278:
15274:
15270:
15265:
15261:
15255:
15251:
15247:
15243:
15242:Black, Jeremy
15239:
15235:
15229:
15225:
15224:HarperCollins
15221:
15220:
15215:
15211:
15207:
15201:
15197:
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15169:
15163:
15159:
15153:
15149:
15145:
15144:
15139:
15135:
15131:
15125:
15121:
15118:. Cambridge:
15117:
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14807:
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14779:
14773:
14772:
14769:
14745:
14741:
14737:
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14715:
14711:
14707:
14701:
14685:
14681:
14677:
14670:
14662:
14658:
14654:
14647:
14632:on 9 May 2008
14631:
14627:
14620:
14618:
14611:, p. 11.
14610:
14609:Ratcliff 2006
14605:
14589:
14582:
14575:
14568:
14563:
14561:
14553:
14548:
14541:
14536:
14534:
14525:
14521:
14517:
14513:
14508:
14503:
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14493:
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14481:
14474:
14458:
14454:
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14444:
14436:
14430:
14426:
14422:
14415:
14408:
14403:
14401:
14392:
14388:
14384:
14380:
14373:
14367:, p. 16.
14366:
14361:
14355:, p. 15.
14354:
14349:
14343:, p. 52.
14342:
14337:
14331:, p. 14.
14330:
14325:
14319:, p. 25.
14318:
14313:
14305:
14299:
14295:
14288:
14280:
14274:
14270:
14263:
14256:
14251:
14244:
14240:
14235:
14228:
14223:
14217:, p. 76.
14216:
14211:
14203:
14197:
14193:
14186:
14179:
14175:
14170:
14164:, p. 26.
14163:
14158:
14150:
14144:
14140:
14133:
14126:
14121:
14114:
14113:Harrison 1998
14109:
14102:
14089:
14085:
14079:
14075:
14074:
14065:
14058:
14057:Harrison 1998
14053:
14051:
14043:
14030:
14026:
14022:
14018:
14014:
14011:(July 1939).
14010:
14004:
13997:
13992:
13990:
13982:
13977:
13971:, p. 156
13970:
13965:
13958:
13953:
13946:
13940:
13933:
13928:
13921:
13916:
13909:
13904:
13898:, p. 42.
13897:
13896:Liberman 1996
13892:
13876:
13872:
13866:
13864:
13847:
13843:
13839:
13832:
13830:
13822:
13817:
13810:
13805:
13789:
13785:
13781:
13775:
13768:
13764:
13760:
13756:
13753:
13750:
13747:Zemskov V.N.
13744:
13737:
13732:
13725:
13719:
13712:
13700:
13696:
13695:
13690:
13683:
13668:on 2 May 2006
13667:
13663:
13659:
13652:
13650:
13642:
13637:
13631:
13627:
13622:
13615:
13611:
13607:
13602:
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13582:
13578:
13574:
13567:
13559:
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13545:
13539:
13532:
13531:
13524:
13517:
13513:
13510:
13505:
13497:
13490:
13482:
13478:
13471:
13455:
13451:
13445:
13441:
13440:
13439:Women and War
13433:
13426:
13422:
13418:
13412:
13402:
13386:
13382:
13381:
13376:
13370:
13364:, p. 69.
13363:
13358:
13352:, p. 74.
13351:
13346:
13339:
13334:
13326:
13320:
13316:
13309:
13302:
13297:
13290:
13285:
13269:
13265:
13259:
13251:
13245:
13241:
13234:
13227:
13222:
13206:
13202:
13198:
13191:
13175:
13172:(in Polish).
13171:
13167:
13161:
13145:
13141:
13137:
13130:
13114:
13110:
13106:
13102:
13095:
13079:
13075:
13069:
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13044:
13028:
13024:
13023:
13018:
13012:
12996:
12992:
12988:
12982:
12966:
12962:
12958:
12953:
12945:
12938:
12933:
12931:
12914:
12910:
12906:
12902:
12895:
12888:
12883:
12876:
12871:
12864:
12859:
12853:
12849:
12844:
12828:
12824:
12818:
12802:
12798:
12794:
12787:
12771:
12767:
12763:
12756:
12749:
12746:(revised) by
12745:
12740:
12732:
12726:
12722:
12718:
12717:
12709:
12703:, p. 49.
12702:
12697:
12689:
12683:
12679:
12678:
12669:
12663:, p. 32.
12662:
12657:
12651:, p. 64.
12650:
12645:
12638:
12633:
12626:
12621:
12615:, p. 23.
12614:
12609:
12602:
12597:
12590:
12585:
12578:
12573:
12566:
12561:
12545:
12541:
12535:
12528:
12523:
12516:
12511:
12504:
12499:
12492:
12491:Harrison 1998
12488:
12483:
12476:
12471:
12464:
12459:
12452:
12447:
12441:, p. 71.
12440:
12435:
12428:
12427:Weinberg 2005
12423:
12416:
12411:
12404:
12399:
12383:
12379:
12375:
12369:
12362:
12357:
12350:
12345:
12338:
12333:
12327:, p. 33.
12326:
12321:
12314:
12309:
12294:
12290:
12289:
12282:
12276:
12272:
12269:
12264:
12259:
12243:
12239:
12233:
12217:
12213:
12209:
12203:
12197:, p. 39.
12196:
12191:
12175:
12171:
12167:
12161:
12154:
12149:
12142:
12137:
12130:
12125:
12118:
12113:
12107:, p. 55.
12106:
12101:
12095:, p. 43.
12094:
12089:
12073:
12069:
12065:
12061:
12057:
12053:
12046:
12027:
12023:
12017:
12010:
12009:
12001:
11999:
11987:
11983:
11977:
11970:
11969:
11961:
11945:
11940:
11935:
11932:(1): 77–105.
11931:
11927:
11923:
11916:
11909:
11904:
11897:
11892:
11885:
11880:
11874:, pp. 526–528
11873:
11867:
11860:
11854:
11847:
11842:
11835:
11830:
11823:
11817:
11810:
11805:
11798:
11793:
11787:, p. 90.
11786:
11785:Williams 2006
11781:
11773:
11769:
11765:
11761:
11757:
11753:
11746:
11730:
11726:
11719:
11712:
11707:
11701:, p. 57.
11700:
11695:
11688:
11675:
11671:
11667:
11660:
11652:
11646:
11642:
11635:
11619:
11615:
11614:
11606:
11600:, p. 24.
11599:
11594:
11587:
11582:
11575:
11574:O'Reilly 2001
11570:
11564:
11559:
11552:
11547:
11541:, p. 21.
11540:
11539:Buchanan 2006
11535:
11528:
11523:
11517:, p. 85.
11516:
11511:
11504:
11499:
11492:
11487:
11481:, p. 54.
11480:
11475:
11468:
11463:
11456:
11451:
11435:
11431:
11423:
11416:
11411:
11404:
11399:
11391:
11385:
11381:
11374:
11367:
11362:
11355:
11350:
11343:
11330:
11326:
11320:
11304:
11300:
11296:
11290:
11283:
11278:
11271:
11266:
11260:, p. 191
11259:
11254:
11247:
11242:
11236:, p. 91.
11235:
11230:
11223:
11222:Weinberg 2005
11218:
11211:
11206:
11200:, p. 85.
11199:
11194:
11187:
11182:
11175:
11170:
11164:, p. 60.
11163:
11158:
11156:
11148:
11143:
11136:
11132:
11128:
11124:
11123:Portelli 2003
11120:
11116:
11112:
11108:
11104:
11098:
11094:
11089:
11082:
11081:Chubarov 2001
11077:
11070:
11065:
11058:
11053:
11046:
11045:Weinberg 2005
11041:
11034:
11029:
11022:
11017:
11010:
11005:
10998:
10993:
10986:
10981:
10974:
10969:
10962:
10957:
10950:
10949:Padfield 1998
10945:
10938:
10933:
10927:, p. 52.
10926:
10921:
10914:
10909:
10902:
10897:
10890:
10885:
10878:
10873:
10867:, p. 90.
10866:
10861:
10855:, p. 35.
10854:
10853:O'Reilly 2001
10849:
10842:
10837:
10831:, p. 32.
10830:
10829:O'Reilly 2001
10825:
10818:
10813:
10806:
10802:
10797:
10790:
10785:
10778:
10773:
10766:
10761:
10754:
10749:
10742:
10738:
10735:
10730:
10724:, p. 11.
10723:
10718:
10712:, p. 24.
10711:
10706:
10700:, p. 38.
10699:
10694:
10692:
10690:
10688:
10680:
10675:
10668:
10663:
10656:
10651:
10645:, p. 60.
10644:
10639:
10632:
10627:
10620:
10615:
10608:
10603:
10597:, p. 31.
10596:
10591:
10585:, p. 91.
10584:
10583:Molinari 2007
10579:
10572:
10567:
10561:, p. 52.
10560:
10555:
10548:
10547:Erickson 2001
10543:
10536:
10531:
10524:
10519:
10512:
10507:
10500:
10495:
10488:
10483:
10477:, p. 31.
10476:
10471:
10464:
10459:
10452:
10447:
10440:
10435:
10428:
10423:
10407:
10403:
10397:
10393:
10389:
10388:
10380:
10373:
10372:Weinberg 2005
10368:
10361:
10356:
10349:
10344:
10338:, p. 28.
10337:
10332:
10325:
10324:Salecker 2001
10320:
10313:
10308:
10301:
10296:
10289:
10284:
10277:
10272:
10265:
10260:
10253:
10248:
10241:
10236:
10220:
10216:
10212:
10206:
10190:
10186:
10182:
10176:
10160:
10156:
10152:
10146:
10130:
10126:
10122:
10116:
10109:
10104:
10098:, p. 22.
10097:
10092:
10085:
10080:
10065:
10061:
10057:
10056:
10048:
10041:
10036:
10029:
10025:
10020:
10014:
10010:
10006:
10002:
9997:
9990:
9985:
9983:
9975:
9970:
9963:
9958:
9952:, p. 310
9951:
9950:Weinberg 2005
9946:
9939:
9934:
9927:
9922:
9915:
9910:
9903:
9899:
9896:
9891:
9884:
9878:
9862:
9858:
9852:
9848:
9847:
9839:
9832:
9826:
9820:, pp. 417–420
9819:
9813:
9805:
9798:
9782:
9778:
9774:
9767:
9759:
9753:
9749:
9745:
9739:
9723:
9719:
9715:
9709:
9707:
9690:
9686:
9682:
9676:
9674:
9665:
9659:
9655:
9648:
9641:
9636:
9629:
9628:Anderson 1975
9624:
9608:
9604:
9600:
9594:
9588:, p. 33.
9587:
9582:
9576:, p. 30.
9575:
9570:
9563:
9558:
9551:
9546:
9539:
9534:
9528:, p. 14.
9527:
9522:
9515:
9509:
9493:
9489:
9485:
9479:
9472:
9468:
9463:
9455:
9449:
9445:
9441:
9440:
9432:
9426:, p. 26.
9425:
9420:
9413:
9408:
9401:
9396:
9389:
9384:
9377:
9372:
9365:
9360:
9353:
9348:
9341:
9336:
9329:
9324:
9318:, p. 29.
9317:
9312:
9305:
9300:
9293:
9288:
9281:
9280:Erickson 2003
9276:
9269:
9264:
9257:
9252:
9245:
9240:
9233:
9228:
9221:
9216:
9209:
9204:
9189:
9185:
9181:
9180:
9172:
9170:
9162:
9157:
9150:
9145:
9139:, p. 26.
9138:
9133:
9126:
9122:
9117:
9110:
9109:Weinberg 2005
9105:
9098:
9093:
9086:
9082:
9078:
9072:
9068:
9064:
9060:
9053:
9047:, p. 80.
9046:
9041:
9034:
9029:
9022:
9017:
9010:
9005:
8998:
8993:
8986:
8981:
8974:
8969:
8962:
8957:
8951:
8947:
8943:
8938:
8931:
8926:
8919:
8914:
8907:
8902:
8895:
8890:
8874:
8870:
8866:
8859:
8851:
8847:
8841:
8839:
8831:
8826:
8820:, p. 52.
8819:
8814:
8807:
8802:
8795:
8791:
8786:
8779:
8774:
8767:
8762:
8755:
8751:
8746:
8744:
8736:
8732:
8727:
8720:
8715:
8708:
8703:
8696:
8691:
8684:
8679:
8673:, p. 48.
8672:
8667:
8660:
8655:
8648:
8643:
8636:
8631:
8625:, p. 76.
8624:
8623:Reynolds 2006
8619:
8612:
8611:Commager 2004
8607:
8600:
8595:
8589:, p. 59.
8588:
8583:
8577:, p. 56.
8576:
8571:
8564:
8559:
8552:
8547:
8540:
8539:Ferguson 2006
8535:
8526:
8510:
8506:
8500:
8496:
8492:
8491:
8483:
8476:
8471:
8465:, p. 12.
8464:
8459:
8443:
8439:
8432:
8425:
8421:
8417:
8411:
8404:
8399:
8392:
8387:
8380:
8379:Bilinsky 1999
8375:
8373:
8366:, p. 24.
8365:
8360:
8351:
8344:
8339:
8332:
8327:
8318:
8311:
8306:
8300:, p. 24.
8299:
8294:
8286:
8282:
8278:
8274:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8251:
8244:
8239:
8223:
8219:
8215:
8209:
8203:, p. 64.
8202:
8198:
8194:
8189:
8182:
8178:, p. 35.
8177:
8172:
8165:
8161:
8156:
8149:
8137:
8133:
8127:
8123:
8122:
8114:
8107:
8102:
8086:
8082:
8076:
8074:
8057:
8053:
8049:
8043:
8041:
8024:
8020:
8014:
8007:
8002:
7994:
7990:
7986:
7982:
7978:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7959:
7952:
7947:
7940:
7935:
7928:
7923:
7916:
7911:
7904:
7899:
7892:
7887:
7880:
7875:
7868:
7863:
7856:
7851:
7835:
7831:
7824:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7793:
7786:
7781:
7774:
7769:
7762:
7757:
7750:
7745:
7738:
7733:
7726:
7720:
7713:
7707:
7698:
7682:
7678:
7672:
7668:
7667:
7659:
7652:
7647:
7640:
7635:
7628:
7623:
7616:
7611:
7605:, p. 25.
7604:
7599:
7592:
7587:
7580:
7575:
7568:
7563:
7547:
7543:
7537:
7533:
7532:
7524:
7518:, p. 10.
7517:
7512:
7505:
7500:
7494:, p. 28.
7493:
7488:
7481:
7476:
7469:
7464:
7457:
7452:
7446:, p. 52.
7445:
7440:
7433:
7428:
7422:, p. 50.
7421:
7417:
7412:
7406:, p. 62.
7405:
7404:Zalampas 1989
7400:
7393:
7388:
7382:, p. 35.
7381:
7376:
7369:
7364:
7357:
7353:
7348:
7332:
7328:
7327:
7322:
7315:
7299:
7295:
7291:
7284:
7274:
7271:
7267:
7264:
7263:
7257:
7250:
7246:
7242:
7239:
7234:
7218:
7214:
7208:
7201:
7196:
7180:
7176:
7172:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7145:
7129:
7125:
7124:
7119:
7113:
7107:, p. 10.
7106:
7101:
7095:, p. 11.
7094:
7090:
7086:
7082:
7076:
7072:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7059:For 1941 see
7056:
7052:
7048:
7043:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6992:
6986:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6971:
6964:
6958:
6952:, p. 64.
6951:
6946:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6923:
6916:
6912:
6906:
6899:
6898:Weinberg 2005
6894:
6890:
6877:
6876:Marshall Plan
6872:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6854:
6848:
6844:
6838:
6831:
6825:
6821:
6811:
6810:World War III
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6705:cryptanalysis
6702:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6683:by designing
6682:
6678:
6673:
6671:
6670:assault rifle
6667:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6634:
6626:
6622:
6621:combined arms
6618:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6578:
6574:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6541:
6537:
6533:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6496:naval warfare
6492:
6490:
6486:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6446:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6422:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6389:
6385:
6370:
6369:MediaWiki.org
6366:
6361:
6352:
6351:
6344:
6340:
6330:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6287:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6259:
6255:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6186:
6184:
6179:
6175:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6152:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6062:
6061:the Holocaust
6054:
6050:
6043:
6039:
6038:Schutzstaffel
6035:
6030:
6026:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6002:
6001:The Holocaust
5992:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5955:Baltic states
5952:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5920:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5874:M. R. D. Foot
5863:
5859:
5854:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5785:, along with
5784:
5776:
5772:
5767:
5763:
5761:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5730:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5709:economic boom
5706:
5702:
5701:Marshall Plan
5698:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5635:the civil war
5631:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5604:Kuril Islands
5601:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5504:
5501:
5497:
5492:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5414:Baltic states
5411:
5408:, from which
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5319:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5273:Kuril Islands
5270:
5266:
5265:Kwantung Army
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5184:
5183:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5063:Grand Admiral
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4924:
4923:Joseph Stalin
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4800:, the Soviet
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4697:Armia Krajowa
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4620:, 6 June 1944
4619:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4576:in late 1943
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4438:, causing an
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4295:in May 1943.
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4219:
4216:
4211:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4193:, creating a
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3931:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3863:United States
3859:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3642:Kwantung Army
3639:
3635:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3572:Eastern Front
3565:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3500:Although the
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3469:ultimate goal
3466:
3465:Baltic region
3462:
3458:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3441:Baltic states
3438:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3249:
3239:
3237:
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3148:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3126:. The German
3125:
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3109:
3104:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
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3078:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3052:tactics, the
3051:
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3020:
3014:
3010:
3006:
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2956:
2955:Ion Antonescu
2952:
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2809:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2792:. The Polish
2791:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:having staged
2752:
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2629:
2628:Pact of Steel
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2588:Joseph Stalin
2585:
2580:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2521:ethnic German
2518:
2515:, an area of
2514:
2510:
2506:
2498:
2494:
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2402:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:deployed his
2379:
2376:
2375:Generalissimo
2372:
2369:
2366:, and fought
2365:
2364:around Xinkou
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2304:Eastern Front
2301:
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2257:
2255:
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2159:
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2149:
2145:
2141:
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2129:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:, staged the
2098:
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2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
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2034:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1977:in 1933 when
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:, August 1933
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1921:promises made
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1848:nation-states
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1783:
1768:
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1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1706:Antony Beevor
1703:
1699:
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1687:
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1663:
1658:
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1651:
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1644:
1643:
1641:
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1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:Eastern Front
1613:
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1610:
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1602:
1601:
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1513:
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1501:
1497:
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1491:
1490:
1487:Chronological
1486:
1485:
1482:
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1478:
1474:
1464:
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1446:
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1402:
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1390:
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1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:Japanese Navy
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1298:Eastern Front
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1264:, the aerial
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:, and German
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:the Holocaust
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1058:
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1051:
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1044:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
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1014:
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1004:
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988:
983:
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966:
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936:
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931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
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909:
906:
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895:
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893:
885:
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877:
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868:
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848:
845:
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838:
837:
836:
833:
832:
831:
830:
824:
821:
819:
816:
812:
809:
807:
806:Syria–Lebanon
804:
802:
799:
798:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
766:
765:
764:
763:
762:
755:
752:
748:
745:
744:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
716:
713:
712:
711:
710:Pacific Ocean
708:
706:
703:
702:
701:
700:
699:
690:
687:
686:
685:
682:
680:
679:Eastern Front
677:
673:
670:
669:
668:
665:
663:
660:
656:
653:
652:
651:
648:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
628:Western Front
626:
624:
621:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
587:
586:
580:
575:
572:Campaigns of
566:
561:
559:
554:
552:
547:
546:
543:
532:
531:
526:
523:
520:
518:
515:
512:
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502:
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463:
461:
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431:
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421:
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414:
409:
408:
406:
404:
400:
395:
390:
385:
383:
378:
373:
371:
366:
361:
359:
358:Joseph Stalin
354:
349:
348:
346:
344:
340:
339:
334:
331:
330:
326:
324:
323:
319:
318:
315:
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300:
296:
293:
292:
290:
287:
286:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
248:Mediterranean
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
202:
197:
194:
193:
187:
184:
183:
179:
172:
168:
167:Lingayen Gulf
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
132:
128:
124:
121:
120:Eastern Front
117:
113:
112:
103:
94:
83:
74:
63:
54:
44:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
27283:World War II
27207:Eastern Bloc
27177:Asia Council
27138:Contemporary
27084:Latin Church
27052:Christianity
26981:Confucianism
26853:Collectivism
26667:Architecture
26573:World War II
26572:
26410:Western Bloc
26210:AUSCANNZUKUS
26166:Contemporary
26115:Human rights
25961:Latin Church
25935:Christianity
25885:
25844:Conservatism
25689:contemporary
25526:Architecture
25462:World War II
25461:
25422:Emancipation
25417:Abolitionism
25305:Romanization
25300:Roman legacy
25281:Roman Empire
25133:Vatican City
25052:Soviet Union
24800:West Sumatra
24669:Newfoundland
24623:South Africa
24618:Sierra Leone
24596:North Africa
24477:Bibliography
24460:
24273:Project Hula
24238:Vistula–Oder
24207:
24140:
24131:
24115:
24085:
24034:
24018:
24009:
24000:
23966:
23863:
23778:
23754:
23724:
23475:
23368:
23313:North Africa
23015:Soviet Union
22969:Soviet Union
22895:Soviet Union
22663:Vatican City
22566:Vichy France
22471:German Reich
22368:Soviet Union
22354:South Africa
22347:Sierra Leone
22300:Newfoundland
22119:Participants
22102:Marocchinate
21806:
21797:
21767:
21645:North Africa
21606:Indian Ocean
21465:Nazi plunder
21356:Cryptography
21229:World War II
21228:
21134:
21131:
21112:
21089:
21066:
21044:
21021:
20998:
20975:
20950:
20920:
20916:
20890:
20867:
20844:
20820:
20794:
20768:
20735:
20729:
20726:Waltz, Susan
20714:. Retrieved
20710:the original
20700:
20673:
20653:
20626:
20599:
20571:
20547:
20523:
20510:
20484:
20459:
20453:
20430:
20407:
20384:
20351:
20345:
20320:
20314:
20278:
20272:
20249:
20227:
20204:
20185:
20166:
20141:
20120:
20100:. New York:
20095:
20073:. New York:
20069:
20040:
20034:
20011:
19988:
19968:
19962:
19929:
19923:
19920:Sella, Amnon
19896:
19871:
19847:
19828:
19806:(1): 21–28.
19803:
19799:
19776:
19753:
19741:. Retrieved
19727:
19703:
19676:
19649:
19621:
19615:
19592:
19572:
19548:
19522:
19499:
19475:
19460:. Retrieved
19453:the original
19434:
19410:
19390:
19369:. New York:
19365:
19341:
19338:Rahn, Werner
19315:
19292:
19269:
19246:
19220:
19197:
19173:
19149:
19123:
19090:
19084:
19061:. New York:
19057:
19040:(1): 24–39.
19037:
19031:
19001:
18977:
18956:
18935:
18914:. New York:
18910:
18886:. New York:
18882:
18862:
18838:
18811:
18788:
18762:
18739:
18727:. Retrieved
18699:
18672:
18653:
18650:Mitter, Rana
18627:
18607:. New York:
18604:
18580:
18556:
18530:
18513:
18507:
18487:. Abingdon:
18484:
18481:Milner, Marc
18457:
18428:
18422:
18396:
18373:
18345:
18321:
18297:
18273:
18250:
18227:
18204:
18184:
18160:
18148:. Retrieved
18144:the original
18126:
18098:
18074:
18044:
18021:
18003:Random House
18001:. New York:
17997:
17960:
17954:
17929:
17925:
17908:
17904:
17880:
17855:
17834:
17830:Kershaw, Ian
17807:
17787:
17760:
17757:Keegan, John
17734:
17707:
17682:
17658:
17631:
17608:
17585:
17562:
17535:
17531:Iriye, Akira
17507:. New York:
17503:
17473:
17450:
17426:
17402:
17379:
17354:
17348:
17317:
17293:. New York:
17290:
17266:
17242:
17212:(1): 15–32.
17209:
17203:
17180:
17157:
17134:
17111:. Kent, OH:
17108:
17084:
17060:
17037:
17010:
16979:
16966:. Retrieved
16962:the original
16949:
16921:
16909:the original
16877:
16853:
16841:. Retrieved
16837:the original
16824:
16797:
16773:. New York:
16770:
16747:
16727:. New York:
16723:
16699:
16676:
16654:
16633:
16603:
16597:
16574:
16543:
16516:
16493:
16470:
16440:
16428:. Retrieved
16392:
16386:
16365:the original
16336:
16330:
16297:
16274:
16249:
16245:
16222:
16202:. New York:
16197:
16169:
16139:
16136:Foot, M.R.D.
16132:Dear, I.C.B.
16106:ix+544 pages
16096:
16069:
16046:
16016:
16004:. Retrieved
15995:
15989:
15966:
15941:
15916:
15893:
15869:
15832:
15826:
15803:
15779:
15758:. New York:
15755:
15735:. New York:
15731:
15702:
15696:
15673:
15651:
15610:
15606:
15579:
15553:
15529:
15498:
15462:
15439:
15415:
15391:
15368:
15356:. Retrieved
15352:the original
15338:
15314:
15291:
15268:
15245:
15222:. New York:
15218:
15191:
15167:
15142:
15115:
15103:
15083:. New York:
15080:
15057:
15033:
15012:. New York:
15008:
14984:. New York:
14981:
14958:
14933:
14908:
14883:
14877:
14854:
14830:
14801:
14797:
14777:
14748:. Retrieved
14744:the original
14730:
14720:17 September
14718:. Retrieved
14709:
14700:
14688:. Retrieved
14684:the original
14679:
14669:
14661:IF0504159516
14652:
14646:
14634:. Retrieved
14630:the original
14604:
14592:. Retrieved
14574:
14547:
14487:
14483:
14473:
14461:. Retrieved
14452:
14443:
14420:
14414:
14382:
14378:
14372:
14360:
14348:
14336:
14324:
14312:
14293:
14287:
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14234:
14222:
14210:
14191:
14185:
14169:
14157:
14138:
14132:
14120:
14115:, p. 2.
14108:
14099:
14092:. Retrieved
14072:
14064:
14059:, p. 3.
14040:
14033:. Retrieved
14016:
14009:Leith, C. K.
14003:
13976:
13964:
13959:, p. 5.
13952:
13944:
13939:
13927:
13920:Milward 1992
13915:
13908:Milward 1992
13903:
13891:
13879:. Retrieved
13850:. Retrieved
13846:the original
13841:
13816:
13804:
13792:. Retrieved
13788:the original
13783:
13774:
13748:
13743:
13731:
13723:
13718:
13710:
13703:. Retrieved
13692:
13682:
13670:. Retrieved
13666:the original
13661:
13636:
13626:Herbert 1994
13621:
13605:
13601:
13589:. Retrieved
13583:(6): 54–56.
13580:
13577:Perspectives
13576:
13566:
13543:
13538:
13528:
13523:
13504:
13495:
13489:
13480:
13476:
13470:
13458:. Retrieved
13438:
13432:
13416:
13411:
13401:
13389:. Retrieved
13385:the original
13378:
13369:
13357:
13345:
13333:
13314:
13308:
13303:, p. ?.
13296:
13284:
13272:. Retrieved
13258:
13239:
13233:
13221:
13209:. Retrieved
13200:
13197:"Statistics"
13190:
13178:. Retrieved
13169:
13160:
13148:. Retrieved
13139:
13129:
13117:. Retrieved
13108:
13104:
13094:
13082:. Retrieved
13062:
13055:
13043:
13031:. Retrieved
13020:
13011:
12999:. Retrieved
12990:
12981:
12969:. Retrieved
12960:
12956:
12944:
12917:. Retrieved
12904:
12894:
12882:
12870:
12858:
12848:Hosking 2006
12843:
12831:. Retrieved
12817:
12805:. Retrieved
12796:
12786:
12774:. Retrieved
12770:the original
12765:
12755:
12743:
12739:
12715:
12708:
12696:
12676:
12668:
12656:
12644:
12632:
12625:Minford 1993
12620:
12613:Ritchie 1992
12608:
12596:
12584:
12572:
12560:
12548:. Retrieved
12534:
12522:
12510:
12498:
12482:
12470:
12463:Roberts 1997
12458:
12446:
12434:
12422:
12410:
12398:
12386:. Retrieved
12377:
12368:
12356:
12349:Naimark 2010
12344:
12332:
12320:
12315:, p. 6.
12308:
12297:, retrieved
12293:the original
12287:
12281:
12258:
12246:. Retrieved
12242:the original
12232:
12220:. Retrieved
12211:
12202:
12190:
12178:. Retrieved
12169:
12160:
12155:, p. ?.
12148:
12136:
12124:
12112:
12105:Roberts 2006
12100:
12093:Roberts 2006
12088:
12076:. Retrieved
12059:
12055:
12045:
12033:. Retrieved
12007:
11986:the original
11967:
11960:
11948:. Retrieved
11929:
11925:
11915:
11903:
11891:
11879:
11871:
11866:
11858:
11853:
11841:
11829:
11821:
11816:
11804:
11792:
11780:
11755:
11751:
11745:
11733:. Retrieved
11729:the original
11718:
11713:, p. 6.
11706:
11694:
11685:
11678:. Retrieved
11669:
11659:
11640:
11634:
11622:. Retrieved
11612:
11605:
11593:
11581:
11569:
11558:
11551:Kershaw 2001
11546:
11534:
11522:
11510:
11498:
11486:
11474:
11462:
11457:, p. 8.
11450:
11438:. Retrieved
11434:the original
11422:
11415:Marston 2005
11410:
11398:
11379:
11373:
11361:
11349:
11340:
11333:. Retrieved
11319:
11307:. Retrieved
11298:
11289:
11284:, p. 8.
11277:
11265:
11253:
11241:
11229:
11217:
11205:
11193:
11181:
11169:
11142:
11103:Mazower 2008
11093:Holland 2008
11088:
11076:
11064:
11052:
11040:
11028:
11016:
11004:
10992:
10980:
10968:
10956:
10944:
10932:
10920:
10908:
10901:Mazower 2008
10896:
10891:, p. 45
10884:
10872:
10860:
10848:
10841:Bellamy 2007
10836:
10824:
10817:Kershaw 2001
10812:
10796:
10789:Rottman 2002
10784:
10777:Kennedy 2001
10772:
10760:
10748:
10729:
10722:Collier 2003
10717:
10705:
10681:, p. 8.
10674:
10662:
10650:
10638:
10626:
10614:
10602:
10595:Mitcham 2007
10590:
10578:
10566:
10554:
10542:
10530:
10518:
10506:
10494:
10482:
10470:
10465:, p. 9.
10463:Brayley 2002
10458:
10451:Marston 2005
10446:
10434:
10422:
10410:. Retrieved
10386:
10379:
10367:
10355:
10343:
10336:Schoppa 2011
10331:
10319:
10307:
10295:
10283:
10271:
10259:
10247:
10235:
10223:. Retrieved
10214:
10205:
10193:. Retrieved
10184:
10175:
10163:. Retrieved
10154:
10145:
10133:. Retrieved
10124:
10115:
10103:
10091:
10079:
10068:, retrieved
10054:
10047:
10035:
10019:
10004:
10001:Keegan, John
9996:
9969:
9957:
9945:
9933:
9921:
9914:Painter 2012
9909:
9890:
9882:
9877:
9865:. Retrieved
9845:
9838:
9830:
9825:
9817:
9812:
9803:
9797:
9785:. Retrieved
9776:
9766:
9747:
9738:
9726:. Retrieved
9717:
9693:. Retrieved
9684:
9653:
9647:
9635:
9623:
9611:. Retrieved
9602:
9593:
9581:
9569:
9557:
9545:
9533:
9521:
9513:
9508:
9496:. Retrieved
9487:
9478:
9462:
9438:
9431:
9419:
9412:Rotundo 1986
9407:
9400:Milward 1964
9395:
9383:
9371:
9359:
9347:
9335:
9323:
9311:
9304:Farrell 1993
9299:
9294:, p. 9.
9287:
9275:
9263:
9256:Roberts 1995
9251:
9239:
9227:
9220:Kershaw 2007
9215:
9203:
9192:, retrieved
9178:
9156:
9149:Förster 1998
9144:
9137:Förster 1998
9132:
9116:
9104:
9092:
9058:
9052:
9040:
9033:Gilbert 1989
9028:
9021:Gilbert 1989
9016:
9009:Gilbert 1989
9004:
8992:
8985:Laurier 2001
8980:
8973:Jackson 2006
8968:
8956:
8946:US Army 1986
8937:
8925:
8913:
8901:
8889:
8877:. Retrieved
8868:
8858:
8830:Cantril 1940
8825:
8818:Maingot 1994
8813:
8801:
8785:
8780:, p. 35
8773:
8761:
8726:
8714:
8707:Umbreit 1991
8702:
8690:
8678:
8666:
8654:
8642:
8630:
8618:
8613:, p. 9.
8606:
8594:
8587:Roberts 2006
8582:
8575:Roberts 2006
8570:
8558:
8546:
8534:
8525:
8513:. Retrieved
8489:
8482:
8470:
8458:
8446:. Retrieved
8431:
8415:
8410:
8398:
8386:
8381:, p. 9.
8359:
8350:
8343:Bullock 1990
8338:
8326:
8317:
8305:
8293:
8263:(1): 69–84.
8260:
8256:
8250:
8238:
8226:. Retrieved
8217:
8208:
8201:Roskill 1954
8188:
8171:
8155:
8147:
8140:. Retrieved
8120:
8113:
8101:
8089:. Retrieved
8060:. Retrieved
8051:
8027:. Retrieved
8013:
8001:
7968:
7964:
7958:
7946:
7934:
7922:
7910:
7898:
7886:
7879:Kershaw 2001
7874:
7867:Kershaw 2001
7862:
7850:
7838:. Retrieved
7823:
7811:. Retrieved
7803:The Diplomat
7802:
7792:
7780:
7768:
7756:
7749:Eastman 1986
7744:
7732:
7724:
7719:
7711:
7706:
7697:
7685:. Retrieved
7669:. ABC-CLIO.
7665:
7658:
7646:
7639:Eastman 1986
7634:
7622:
7610:
7598:
7586:
7574:
7562:
7550:. Retrieved
7530:
7523:
7511:
7499:
7487:
7475:
7468:Preston 1998
7463:
7451:
7439:
7432:Schmitz 2000
7427:
7411:
7399:
7394:, p. 4.
7387:
7375:
7363:
7347:
7335:. Retrieved
7324:
7314:
7302:. Retrieved
7293:
7283:
7261:
7256:
7248:
7233:
7221:. Retrieved
7207:
7202:, p. 4.
7195:
7183:. Retrieved
7158:
7154:
7144:
7132:. Retrieved
7121:
7112:
7100:
7089:Canfora 2006
7064:
7054:
7042:
7032:14 September
7030:. Retrieved
7005:
7001:
6991:
6975:
6970:
6962:
6957:
6945:
6928:
6922:
6910:
6905:
6900:, p. 6.
6893:
6859:East Germany
6853:
6846:
6842:
6837:
6824:
6741:
6711:and British
6700:
6696:
6681:cryptography
6674:
6666:close combat
6640:, including
6601:Land warfare
6599:
6581:
6516:Pearl Harbor
6508:aeronautical
6493:
6489:jet aircraft
6450:
6398:labour force
6390:
6386:
6383:
6315:
6305:. The Nazis
6284:
6282:
6251:
6236:Nazi plunder
6205:
6193:
6187:
6171:
6154:
6148:
6077:mentally ill
6053:dictatorship
6051:, under the
6049:Nazi Germany
6047:
5972:or specific
5967:
5936:
5916:
5898:
5867:
5783:million Jews
5775:mass killing
5773:, including
5768:
5764:
5757:
5674:
5663:
5632:
5589:
5566:
5548:. Communist
5518:East Germany
5507:
5503:Eastern Bloc
5459:of the UN's
5453:great powers
5434:
5394:East Prussia
5388:and most of
5379:
5367:East Germany
5363:West Germany
5344:
5336:Nazi Germany
5304:
5286:Gyokuon-hōsō
5285:
5242:
5219:
5188:
5181:
5122:
5059:headquarters
5040:
5021:
4993:Lake Balaton
4963:, while the
4954:
4927:
4877:
4842:
4763:
4678:
4623:
4592:and begun a
4559:
4504:
4489:
4463:
4422:, following
4417:
4398:
4379:
4352:
4341:
4334:
4297:
4291:, which was
4262:
4223:
4172:
4164:Army Group B
4156:Army Group A
4118:
4071:
4061:, primarily
4047:Port Moresby
4044:
4019:Midway Atoll
3999:
3983:Indian Ocean
3936:
3911:
3895:
3876:
3860:
3820:
3796:
3791:Pearl Harbor
3777:
3761:
3746:
3724:launched an
3715:
3684:
3673:
3631:
3623:
3600:
3569:
3512:
3509:
3499:
3488:
3454:
3433:
3421:
3413:Soviet Union
3369:
3334:
3323:Afrika Korps
3312:
3300:Italian Navy
3289:
3284:Afrika Korps
3263:and made an
3253:
3251:
3205:
3170:
3164:
3161:May 1941 by
3136:
3105:
3093:Vichy Regime
3063:On 10 June,
3062:
3053:
3047:
3028:Maginot Line
3021:
2982:
2977:Maginot Line
2928:
2885:
2843:
2797:
2787:
2748:
2736:
2674:
2640:
2597:
2572:
2557:client state
2541:
2502:
2450:Hokushin-ron
2439:
2398:
2334:
2269:
2237:
2213:
2198:colonial war
2196:was a brief
2191:
2140:Tanggu Truce
2138:, until the
2117:
2109:puppet state
2063:
2035:
2011:Stresa Front
2008:
1982:
1967:Adolf Hitler
1965:
1954:at a German
1952:Adolf Hitler
1933:totalitarian
1910:
1901:armed forces
1867:
1852:
1810:
1755:allowed the
1734:
1726:Soviet Union
1671:
1550:1945 onwards
1429:
1302:
1244:. After the
1226:Soviet Union
1218:declared war
1203:Adolf Hitler
1199:Nazi Germany
1160:
1126:, including
1092:great powers
1071:
1067:
1066:
1025:Bibliography
1015:
955:World War II
954:
891:
890:
879:Indian Ocean
840:Ecuador–Peru
828:
827:
797:Middle East
771:North Africa
759:
758:
698:Asia-Pacific
696:
695:
583:
574:World War II
573:
529:
516:
508:
500:
488:
475:
467:
459:
418:Adolf Hitler
401:
341:
328:
321:
314:Participants
253:North Africa
223:Indian Ocean
33:
27157:Arab League
27140:integration
27079:Catholicism
26937:Vaishnavism
26711:Esotericism
26578:Pacific War
26551:World War I
26495:Indic world
26490:Sinic world
26473:Foundations
26350:Open Balkan
26168:integration
26098:Rule of law
26093:Natural law
26070:Agnosticism
26048:Hellenistic
26026:Anglo-Saxon
25956:Catholicism
25895:Atlanticism
25800:Rationalism
25606:Immigration
25589:Esotericism
25447:World War I
25412:Romanticism
25392:Reformation
25372:Renaissance
25350:Middle Ages
25315:Christendom
25244:Foundations
25181:New Zealand
25147:Oceania and
25101:Switzerland
25062:Byelorussia
25017:Netherlands
24859:Philippines
24699:Puerto Rico
24654:El Salvador
24208:Bodenplatte
24094:Gothic Line
23320:West Africa
22867:Philippines
22846:Netherlands
22711:Czech lands
22649:Switzerland
22593:Afghanistan
22537:Philippines
22405:Puerto Rico
22321:Philippines
22307:New Zealand
22293:Netherlands
22246:Free France
21997:Prosecution
21798:Osoaviakhim
21668:West Africa
21652:East Africa
21299:Conferences
20716:17 February
20657:. ABC-CIO.
19743:17 February
19462:15 November
18729:17 February
18049:M.E. Sharpe
17511:. pp.
17407:HarperPress
17325:. pp.
17017:. pp.
16638:. Penguin.
16430:17 February
15808:M.E. Sharpe
15737:Basic Books
15727:Chang, Iris
15358:17 February
15173:M.E. Sharpe
15060:. Toronto:
14690:15 November
14636:15 November
14594:14 November
14507:10419/89322
14227:Levine 1992
14094:19 December
13981:Radtke 1997
13852:28 December
13809:Tanaka 1996
13767:Ellman 2002
13662:dw-world.de
13350:Harris 2002
12776:28 December
12637:Schain 2001
12515:Petrov 1967
12475:Darwin 2007
12439:Stueck 2010
12141:Wettig 2008
12117:Shirer 1990
12062:(1): 5–21.
11896:Wettig 2008
11884:Beevor 2012
11861:pp. 525–526
11834:Glantz 2005
11598:Glantz 1998
11527:Beevor 2012
11515:Glantz 2001
11503:Parker 2004
11467:Howard 2004
11403:Shirer 1990
11335:14 November
11282:Berend 1996
11270:Zaloga 1996
11234:Badsey 1990
11174:Beevor 2012
11162:Zeiler 2004
11131:Gordon 2012
11097:Beevor 2012
11069:Glantz 2002
11057:Glantz 2002
11009:Beevor 2012
10997:Polley 2000
10985:Mitter 2014
10877:Glantz 2001
10805:Glantz 1989
10801:Glantz 1986
10655:Keegan 1997
10631:Gordon 2004
10607:Beevor 2012
10571:Beevor 2012
10559:Milner 1990
10535:Beevor 1998
10511:Beevor 1998
10499:Davies 2006
10475:Glantz 2001
10312:Maddox 1992
10240:Beevor 2012
10108:Shirer 1990
9498:17 February
9467:Beevor 1998
9424:Glantz 2001
9376:Glantz 2001
9328:Beevor 2012
9316:Keeble 1990
9292:Glantz 2001
9244:Hauner 1978
9161:Shirer 1990
9121:Murray 1983
9097:Garver 1988
9045:Watson 2003
8961:Jowett 2001
8948:, pp.
8790:Steury 1987
8750:Murray 1983
8731:Keegan 1997
8683:Keegan 1997
8647:Keegan 1997
8551:Snyder 2010
8448:19 December
8403:Spring 1986
8310:Zaloga 2002
8298:Hempel 2005
8243:Zaloga 2002
8193:Beevor 2012
8176:Keegan 1997
7939:Shirer 1990
7903:Shirer 1990
7891:Davies 2006
7785:Beevor 2012
7761:Taylor 2009
7603:Neulen 2000
7591:Kitson 2001
7579:Shirer 1990
7567:Barker 1971
7504:Coogan 1993
7456:Shirer 1990
7420:Record 2005
7354:, pp.
7352:Ingram 2006
7200:Masaya 1990
7185:17 February
7105:Beevor 2012
7061:Taylor 1961
7051:Taylor 1979
6805:World War I
6596:, July 1945
6559:Leigh Light
6532:battleships
6506:. Although
6406:war economy
6365:Phabricator
6200:, between 4
6149:The Soviet
6113:death camps
6105:Soviet POWs
6089:homosexuals
5860:during the
5791:homosexuals
5610:, formerly
5573:Warsaw Pact
5437:world peace
5406:Curzon Line
5402:Sudetenland
5293:, with the
5066:Karl Dönitz
4888:Hideki Tojo
4756:during the
4754:Philippines
4737:in Bulgaria
4612:during the
4610:Omaha Beach
4553:, and made
4460:, July 1943
4345:during the
4329:scout plane
4258:Dieppe Raid
4234:Gazala line
4168:Volga River
4063:Guadalcanal
3844:Wake Island
3811:Hideki Tojo
3658:Pacific War
3527:decided to
3515:forced the
3487:, generate
3445:Byelorussia
3417:Axis powers
3384:Free French
3343:signed the
3212:Axis powers
2848:Poland and
2654:, Finland,
2513:Sudetenland
2477:Chamberlain
2462:Nanshin-ron
2454:Khalkin Gol
2078:a civil war
2046:appeasement
1969:, after an
1897:reparations
1885:nationalism
1878:irredentist
1818:—including
1812:World War I
1686:Pacific War
1445:superpowers
1258:East Africa
1084:Axis powers
862:Air Warfare
776:East Africa
524:(1937–1945)
517:Total dead:
483:(1937–1945)
476:Total dead:
243:Middle East
171:Philippines
27288:World Wars
27277:Categories
26868:Philippine
26785:Philosophy
26770:Philosophy
26743:Literature
26370:Rio Treaty
25881:Relativism
25839:Liberalism
25805:Empiricism
25757:Philosophy
25745:Secularism
25696:Philosophy
25633:Literature
25427:Capitalism
25176:New Guinea
25156:Antarctica
25149:Antarctica
25138:Yugoslavia
25057:Azerbaijan
25012:Luxembourg
24795:New Guinea
24694:New Mexico
24684:California
24591:Madagascar
24576:Gold Coast
24571:The Gambia
24308:West Hunan
24141:Pointblank
23477:Silver Fox
23463:Summer War
23216:Winter War
23195:Phoney War
22976:Azerbaijan
22937:Yugoslavia
22832:Luxembourg
22674:Resistance
22414:Yugoslavia
22279:Luxembourg
22081:Sook Ching
21877:War crimes
21479:Technology
21472:Opposition
21414:Lend-Lease
21391:Australian
21384:Home front
21342:Blitzkrieg
21292:Casualties
21283:Commanders
21255:Operations
21092:. Oxford:
21069:. Oxford:
20574:. Oxford:
20526:. London:
20513:. London:
20410:. Oxford:
20252:. London:
20207:. London:
20146:. London:
19850:. London:
19680:. London:
19525:. Oxford:
19478:. London:
19413:. London:
19063:John Wiley
18675:. Oxford:
18489:Frank Cass
18463:Allen Lane
18461:. London:
18376:. Oxford:
18353:. p.
18276:. Oxford:
18253:. London:
18024:. Oxford:
17884:. Oxford:
17861:Allen Lane
17859:. London:
17763:. London:
17661:. London:
17634:. Oxford:
17611:. Oxford:
17482:B00005W210
17405:. London:
17384:Frank Cass
17245:. Oxford:
17063:. Oxford:
17013:. Oxford:
16858:Frank Cass
16750:. London:
16549:Allen Lane
16547:. London:
16496:. London:
16473:. London:
16142:. Oxford:
16100:. London:
16072:. London:
16049:. Boston:
16019:. London:
15946:. Oxford:
15919:. Oxford:
15582:. London:
15444:Frank Cass
15371:. Oxford:
15037:. London:
15009:Stalingrad
14911:. Oxford:
14859:Allen Lane
14857:. London:
14836:Allen Lane
14834:. London:
14766:See also:
14762:References
14329:Hearn 2007
14162:Overy 1994
14035:26 January
13881:9 February
13794:18 January
13763:Bacon 1992
13672:19 January
13641:Overy 2004
13628:, p.
13391:25 January
13289:Chang 1997
13211:25 January
13119:25 October
13048:Evans 2008
12919:2 February
12875:Smith 1994
12850:, p.
12701:Neary 1992
12661:Smith 1993
12451:Lynch 2010
12361:Swain 1992
12263:Waltz 2002
12248:25 January
12222:17 January
12195:Yoder 1997
11586:Evans 2008
11354:Evans 2008
11198:Coble 2003
11115:Belco 2010
10973:Iriye 1981
10961:Kolko 1990
10889:Kolko 1990
10865:Healy 1992
10753:Overy 1995
10667:Smith 2002
10523:Black 2003
10427:Swain 2001
10300:Perez 1998
10276:Grove 1995
10252:Lewis 1953
9962:Dower 1986
9867:15 January
9471:Evans 2008
9364:Jukes 2001
9208:Sella 1978
9123:, p.
8942:Evans 2008
8930:Clogg 2002
8733:, p.
8719:Brown 2004
8659:Regan 2004
8635:Evans 2008
8515:3 February
8162:at 11 am.
8106:Evans 2008
8029:29 October
7951:Shore 2003
7773:Sella 1983
7627:Payne 2008
7615:Payne 2008
7516:Busky 2002
7392:Brody 1999
7337:29 October
7249:Asia Times
7093:Prins 2002
6786:was first
6784:Penicillin
6594:New Mexico
6518:, and the
6504:submarines
6445:Peenemünde
6441:V-2 rocket
6419:Japan used
6286:Lebensraum
6214:Occupation
6093:Freemasons
5963:in Germany
5901:biological
5884:. General
5819:Yugoslavia
5628:Korean War
5585:proxy wars
5556:, causing
5550:Yugoslavia
5215:submarines
5174:signs the
5047:was killed
4857:Burma Road
4766:Yugoslavia
4543:Baltic Sea
4537:hoping to
4335:Washington
4177:in bitter
3676:false flag
3624:blitzkrieg
3611:Sevastopol
3596:oil fields
3513:Barbarossa
3490:Lebensraum
3481:White Seas
3475:—from the
3353:Yugoslavia
3341:Yugoslavia
3280:Panzer III
3197:Lend-Lease
3155:Home Fleet
3143:Royal Navy
3091:under the
3089:rump state
3049:Blitzkrieg
3040:Luxembourg
3019:May 1940.
2920:Winter War
2880:Winter War
2767:Phoney War
2710:See also:
2685:plebiscite
2664:Bessarabia
2537:Trans-Olza
2418:, but the
2300:volunteers
2230:annexation
2066:Kuomintang
1882:revanchist
1830:, and the
1776:Background
1712:II as the
1598:By theatre
1586:Operations
1471:See also:
1385:8 May 1945
1379:; and the
1337:Stalingrad
1148:war crimes
961:Navigation
903:Yugoslavia
884:Madagascar
847:Antarctica
818:Dodecanese
638:Resistance
606:Winter War
596:Phoney War
158:after the
127:Matilda II
27025:Abrahamic
26920:Vajrayana
26910:Theravada
26765:Mythology
26738:Languages
26526:Silk Road
26485:Old World
26315:Five Eyes
26310:EU–UK TCA
26152:Democracy
26041:Old Norse
25930:Abrahamic
25887:Peritrope
25869:Tolerance
25849:Socialism
25679:Mythology
25667:Classical
25616:Languages
25594:Astrology
25442:Modernism
25256:Old World
25161:Australia
25126:Gibraltar
25084:Catalonia
25007:Lithuania
24869:Singapore
24817:Indochina
24807:Hong Kong
24783:Manchuria
24752:Venezuela
24722:Argentina
24659:Greenland
24613:Nyasaland
24373:Manchuria
24259:Indochina
24035:Bagration
23486:Lithuania
23131:Anschluss
22928:Viet Minh
22825:Lithuania
22767:Hong Kong
22530:Manchukuo
22485:Azad Hind
22144:Australia
21944:Aftermath
21807:Paperclip
21702:Aftermath
21502:Total war
21370:Diplomacy
21333:In Europe
20980:MIT Press
20895:Routledge
20760:145398136
20698:(1986) .
20476:163152235
20376:159943895
20303:154270850
20209:Routledge
20148:Routledge
20067:(1990) .
19954:220880174
19758:Routledge
19480:BBC Books
19320:Routledge
19297:Routledge
19225:Routledge
19115:153741180
18561:MIT Press
18255:Routledge
18209:Routledge
18150:1 October
17995:(1990) .
17985:159671713
17371:159958616
17323:Routledge
17234:154865385
17139:Routledge
16833:278029256
16573:(2006) .
16445:Routledge
16174:MIT Press
16102:Macmillan
16021:UCL Press
15948:Heinemann
15857:159445902
15785:Continuum
15672:(2006) .
15535:MIT Press
15483:also see
15479:0031-2746
15344:Cambridge
15319:Routledge
15273:Routledge
15250:Routledge
14653:The Times
14516:1432-1386
14243:Ward 2010
14174:BBSU 1998
14068:Compare:
13996:Rahn 2001
13957:Hill 2005
13460:14 August
13419:. Knopf,
13170:dzieje.pl
13084:18 August
13001:27 August
12971:27 August
12901:"Victims"
12887:Herf 2003
12589:Wolf 1993
12180:2 October
12153:Senn 2007
11908:Frei 2002
11846:Pape 1993
11772:154800868
11699:Drea 2003
11687:homeless.
11479:Drea 2003
11210:Rees 2008
11186:Ch'i 1992
11107:Civitella
11021:Ch'i 1992
10698:Ross 1997
10619:Rich 1992
10487:Read 2004
10439:Hane 2001
10360:Ropp 2000
10288:Ch'i 1992
10264:Slim 1956
10024:Dunn 1998
9974:Wood 2007
9926:Wood 2007
9550:Joes 2004
9268:Wilt 1981
9085:189257503
8563:Koch 1983
8285:146904066
8052:ww2db.com
7993:144385167
7687:27 August
7380:Shaw 2000
7123:Fresh Air
7057:, p. 191.
7022:0008-4107
6933:Cambridge
6886:Citations
6737:Bodyguard
6733:Mincemeat
6729:deception
6685:ciphering
6677:codebooks
6609:artillery
6520:Coral Sea
6400:, Allied
6394:attrition
6172:Japanese
6153:became a
6139:Auschwitz
6121:Europeans
6101:genocidal
5974:customary
5953:, in the
5922:) and in
5847:Home Army
5666:baby boom
5581:arms race
5500:Communist
5428:and some
5390:Pomerania
5312:Aftermath
5303:USS
5299:Tokyo Bay
5249:Hiroshima
5180:USS
5178:on board
5155:launched
5127:advanced
5114:Flensburg
5036:Reichstag
5013:Nuremberg
4961:Pomerania
4786:Partisans
4646:liberated
4582:Myitkyina
4535:Estonians
4533:aided by
4481:in Tehran
4342:Lexington
4340:USS
4333:USS
4323:U.S. Navy
4254:commandos
4213:American
4160:Don River
4038:over the
3955:Singapore
3856:Hong Kong
3776:USS
3685:USS Panay
3607:Leningrad
3594:, Iran's
3519:to adopt
3510:Operation
3485:Communism
3175:to allow
3132:the Blitz
3054:Wehrmacht
2896:Lithuania
2858:Lithuania
2799:Wehrmacht
2738:Wehrmacht
2573:Memelland
2489:Mussolini
2442:Manchukuo
2424:Chongqing
2382:best army
2288:proxy war
2206:Abyssinia
2144:Manchuria
2124:condemned
2113:Manchukuo
1960:Nuremberg
1568:Diplomacy
1505:in Europe
1397:Hiroshima
1391:, the US
1270:the Blitz
1124:genocides
1096:total war
982:Equipment
977:Countries
972:Campaigns
754:Australia
650:Alps 1940
643:1944–1945
273:Caribbean
268:Australia
156:Reichstag
154:over the
27018:Yazidism
27001:Tengrism
26952:Smartism
26947:Shaktism
26942:Shaivism
26927:Hinduism
26915:Mahayana
26893:Buddhism
26880:Religion
26863:Japanese
26775:Religion
26726:Japanese
26716:Folklore
26694:Buddhist
26684:Calendar
26655:Cyrillic
26615:Alphabet
26590:Cold War
26505:Islamdom
26375:Schengen
26305:Eurozone
26145:Property
26140:Religion
26031:Frankish
26021:Germanic
26001:Paganism
25922:Religion
25910:European
25822:Humanism
25725:Religion
25684:Painting
25650:Internet
25601:Folklore
25572:Clothing
25543:Calendar
25519:Cyrillic
25504:Alphabet
25467:Cold War
25047:Slovenia
25042:Slovakia
25032:Portugal
24920:Bulgaria
24874:Thailand
24849:Mongolia
24822:Cambodia
24742:Suriname
24732:Colombia
24556:Ethiopia
24484:Category
24433:document
24343:document
24200:Ardennes
24184:Budapest
24132:Crossbow
24010:Overlord
23849:Smolensk
23067:Timeline
22902:Slovakia
22888:Thailand
22739:Ethiopia
22704:Bulgaria
22628:Portugal
22559:Thailand
22441:Bulgaria
22219:Eswatini
22212:Ethiopia
22165:Bulgaria
21990:Unit 731
21951:Response
21768:Keelhaul
21718:Cold War
21691:Americas
21682:timeline
21675:Atlantic
21555:Theaters
21182:Archived
21168:Archived
21139:Casemate
21133:Bismarck
21065:(1996).
20947:(1962).
20819:(2005).
20793:(2003).
20625:(1999).
20597:(2008).
20509:(1961).
20248:(2010).
19987:(2007).
19737:Archived
19702:(2000).
19674:(1997).
19648:(2006).
19547:(2006).
19521:(1992).
19474:(2008).
19245:(2003).
19148:(2008).
19026:(2012).
18908:(1994).
18836:(2005).
18723:Archived
18697:(1983).
18652:(2014).
18455:(2008).
18140:53-63678
17917:40604127
17832:(2001).
17785:(2001).
17759:(1997).
17561:(2006).
17533:(1981).
17490:12828898
17133:(2002).
17005:(2004).
16958:78918907
16819:(1986).
16795:(1989).
16630:(2006).
16541:(2008).
16421:Archived
16417:12288331
16361:43510161
16322:(2002).
16194:(1986).
16124:70401618
16094:(2006).
16000:Archived
15867:(2002).
15849:25779864
15729:(1997).
15578:(1990).
15527:(2003).
15488:Archived
15244:(2003).
15216:(2000).
15140:(1991).
15114:(1996).
15006:(1998).
14828:(2003).
14714:Archived
14588:Archived
14524:36789517
14457:Archived
14088:Archived
14029:Archived
13875:Archived
13821:Bix 2000
13755:Archived
13699:Archived
13591:17 April
13585:Archived
13512:Archived
13454:Archived
13362:Lee 2002
13301:Bix 2000
13268:Archived
13205:Archived
13180:10 March
13174:Archived
13144:Archived
13113:Archived
13078:Archived
13033:4 August
13027:Archived
12995:Archived
12965:Archived
12913:Archived
12833:20 April
12827:Archived
12807:20 April
12801:Archived
12550:18 April
12544:Archived
12382:Archived
12271:Archived
12216:Archived
12174:Archived
12072:Archived
12026:Archived
11944:Archived
11735:13 April
11674:Archived
11618:Archived
11440:16 March
11329:Archived
11309:27 April
11303:Archived
10737:Archived
10406:Archived
10350:, p. 19.
10219:Archived
10189:Archived
10159:Archived
10129:Archived
10064:archived
10028:May 1955
9898:Archived
9885:, p. 424
9861:Archived
9833:, p. 418
9781:Archived
9722:Archived
9689:Archived
9607:Archived
9492:Archived
9188:archived
8873:Archived
8850:Archived
8509:Archived
8442:Archived
8426:, p. 71.
8222:Archived
8166:at 5 pm.
8136:Archived
8085:Archived
8062:29 April
8056:Archived
8023:Archived
7834:Archived
7807:Archived
7681:Archived
7546:Archived
7331:Archived
7298:Archived
7266:Archived
7241:Archived
7217:Archived
7179:Archived
7175:40105814
7134:16 April
7128:Archived
7026:Archived
6871:Bulgaria
6794:See also
6748:Colossus
6613:infantry
6580:Nuclear
6563:Hedgehog
6555:wolfpack
6543:weaponry
6457:fighters
6322:hegemony
6155:de facto
6103:state".
6073:disabled
5970:positive
5919:Unit 731
5894:Shandong
5835:Chetniks
5779:around 6
5711:and the
5645:and the
5602:and the
5577:Cold War
5534:Bulgaria
5471:and the
5420:. Italy
5305:Missouri
5277:Hirohito
5271:and the
5253:Nagasaki
5207:Iwo Jima
5182:Missouri
5145:Mindanao
4865:Hengyang
4812:against
4802:Red Army
4721:Red Army
4717:Slovakia
4477:in Cairo
4454:Red Army
4411:and the
4409:Smolensk
4304:de-house
4109:Red Army
3979:Java Sea
3939:Thailand
3852:Thailand
3799:Hirohito
3683:gunboat
3634:reserves
3502:Red Army
3337:Bulgaria
3226:joined.
3220:Slovakia
3165:Bismarck
3145:, using
3106:The air
3044:Ardennes
2931:occupied
2902:to sign
2862:Slovakia
2844:Germany
2757:several
2634:and the
2481:Daladier
2446:Mongolia
2349:materiel
2347:to lend
2250:Covenant
2128:Shanghai
2072:against
1828:Bulgaria
1724:and the
1722:Mongolia
1676:and the
1559:By topic
1449:Cold War
1401:Nagasaki
1343:and the
1280:and had
1260:and the
1201:, under
1082:and the
1020:Category
993:Timeline
923:Bulgaria
852:Atlantic
835:Americas
788:Adriatic
430:Hirohito
218:Atlantic
201:theatres
195:Location
125:British
27182:BIMSTEC
27103:Culture
27098:Judaism
27062:Eastern
27057:Culture
27035:Culture
27008:Iranian
26986:Shenism
26964:Jainism
26959:Sikhism
26932:Culture
26898:Culture
26888:Dharmic
26721:Chinese
26706:Cuisine
26689:Chinese
26677:History
26645:Brahmic
26607:Culture
26514:History
26466:culture
26220:Benelux
26125:Thought
26075:Atheism
26016:Finnish
25992:Culture
25987:Judaism
25949:Eastern
25945:Western
25940:Culture
25874:Paradox
25740:Decline
25701:Science
25577:History
25565:Studies
25548:Cuisine
25536:Periods
25496:Culture
25325:History
25291:Eastern
25286:Western
25237:culture
25089:Galicia
25067:Ukraine
25037:Romania
24987:Ireland
24982:Iceland
24972:Hungary
24962:Germany
24940:Finland
24935:Estonia
24930:Denmark
24915:Belgium
24910:Austria
24905:Albania
24747:Uruguay
24679:Arizona
24606:Morocco
24601:Tunisia
24586:Liberia
24410:Shumshu
24177:Hungary
24124:Estonia
24108:Lapland
24086:Dragoon
24019:Neptune
24001:Ichi-Go
23967:Tempest
23909:Changde
23864:Cottage
23756:Jubilee
23472:Finland
23370:Compass
23076:Prelude
23029:Finland
22915:Vietnam
22881:Romania
22753:Germany
22732:Estonia
22718:Denmark
22697:Belgium
22690:Austria
22683:Albania
22614:Ireland
22600:Andorra
22584:Neutral
22544:Romania
22478:Hungary
22463:Finland
22335:Romania
22227:Finland
22205:Denmark
22151:Belgium
22137:Algeria
21843:Romania
21829:Hungary
21585:Pacific
21309:General
21263:Leaders
21248:Battles
21241:Outline
20937:1987464
20799:Praeger
20752:3993535
19820:1988530
19415:Pimlico
19107:2539100
18537:Press.
18522:2592851
18445:3634575
18232:Praeger
18103:Praeger
17977:2639289
17946:1988082
17765:Pimlico
17657:(ed.).
17327:219–273
17019:127–144
16968:15 July
16843:15 July
16620:2944096
16469:(ed.).
15719:2745078
15619:Bibcode
15617:: 268.
14818:3638003
14750:15 July
14463:5 April
14025:1021443
13705:12 July
11680:22 June
11624:4 March
11125:), and
10412:26 June
10003:(1989)
8277:2195670
8228:11 July
8142:17 June
7840:26 June
7813:26 June
7552:6 April
7304:4 March
6917:. p. 7.
6867:Romania
6863:Hungary
6631:I, and
6617:cavalry
6469:airlift
6461:bombers
6367:and on
6258:plunder
6207:rōmusha
5945:by the
5841:in the
5823:Muslims
5675:At the
5542:Albania
5530:Romania
5526:Hungary
5465:between
5386:Neumark
5382:Silesia
5355:western
5351:Germany
5347:Austria
5224:. They
5211:Okinawa
5199:Rangoon
5057:in his
5009:Hamburg
4979:of the
4938:Antwerp
4869:Guangxi
4828:in the
4824:to the
4782:Albania
4747:General
4705:Vistula
4369:in the
4289:Tunisia
4195:salient
4133:Kharkov
4131:and at
4121:central
4053:in the
3912:At the
3785:on the
3778:Arizona
3479:to the
3477:Caspian
3437:Ukraine
3282:of the
3278:German
3232:Hungary
3228:Romania
3224:Romania
3216:Hungary
3201:invaded
3147:U-boats
3032:Belgium
2908:Finland
2888:Estonia
2823:October
2687:in the
2656:Estonia
2624:British
2606:; when
2357:Taiyuan
2294:II but
2254:Austria
2222:Eritrea
1925:Fascist
1907:Germany
1824:Germany
1771:History
1737:V-J Day
1581:Battles
1500:in Asia
1493:Prelude
1335:and at
1262:Balkans
1242:Romania
1136:Austria
1132:Germany
1070:or the
998:Outline
928:Hungary
918:Romania
767:Africa
667:Balkans
662:Britain
616:Lapland
611:Karelia
601:Finland
213:Pacific
169:in the
114:German
27120:Baháʼí
27110:Bábism
26991:Shinto
26976:Taoism
26858:Values
26731:Korean
26650:Arabic
26635:Hangul
26240:CANZUK
26130:Speech
26058:Slavic
26036:Gothic
26011:Celtic
26006:Baltic
25905:Values
25706:Values
25266:Greece
25096:Sweden
25027:Poland
25022:Norway
24997:Latvia
24967:Greece
24945:France
24898:Europe
24884:Turkey
24844:Malaya
24773:Ceylon
24727:Brazil
24689:Nevada
24664:Mexico
24644:Canada
24534:Africa
24387:Debate
24359:Taipei
24352:Borneo
23930:Tarawa
23124:Europe
23085:Africa
22874:Poland
22860:Norway
22839:Malaya
22818:Latvia
22760:Greece
22746:France
22642:Sweden
22607:Bhutan
22328:Poland
22314:Norway
22286:Mexico
22253:Greece
22239:France
22177:Canada
22158:Brazil
22128:Allies
22074:Serbia
22063:Poland
21836:Poland
21822:Baltic
21615:Europe
21317:Topics
21269:Allied
21145:
21119:
21100:
21077:
21051:
21032:
21009:
20986:
20963:
20935:
20901:
20878:
20855:
20831:
20805:
20779:
20758:
20750:
20684:
20661:
20637:
20611:
20582:
20559:
20534:
20495:
20474:
20441:
20418:
20395:
20374:
20368:260931
20366:
20337:578338
20335:
20301:
20295:151203
20293:
20260:
20234:
20215:
20192:
20173:
20154:
20127:
20108:
20081:
20057:120398
20055:
20022:
19999:
19993:Rodopi
19977:260307
19975:
19952:
19946:260209
19944:
19908:
19883:
19858:
19835:
19818:
19787:
19764:
19714:
19688:
19660:
19638:153299
19636:
19603:
19580:
19559:
19533:
19507:
19486:
19445:
19421:
19398:
19377:
19352:
19326:
19303:
19280:
19257:
19231:
19208:
19185:
19160:
19134:
19113:
19105:
19069:
19012:
18989:
18964:
18943:
18922:
18894:
18869:
18850:
18822:
18799:
18773:
18750:
18715:
18707:, AL:
18683:
18660:
18638:
18615:
18592:
18567:
18541:
18520:
18495:
18469:
18443:
18407:
18384:
18361:
18332:
18309:
18284:
18261:
18238:
18215:
18192:
18171:
18138:
18109:
18085:
18055:
18032:
18009:
17983:
17975:
17944:
17915:
17892:
17867:
17842:
17818:
17795:
17771:
17745:
17719:
17694:
17669:
17642:
17619:
17596:
17573:
17547:
17519:
17488:
17480:
17461:
17438:
17413:
17390:
17369:
17333:
17301:
17278:
17253:
17232:
17226:260090
17224:
17191:
17168:
17145:
17119:
17096:
17071:
17048:
17025:
16991:
16956:
16933:
16889:
16864:
16831:
16805:
16781:
16758:
16735:
16710:
16687:
16661:
16642:
16618:
16585:
16555:
16527:
16504:
16481:
16451:
16415:
16409:152934
16407:
16359:
16353:826310
16351:
16308:
16285:
16266:743479
16264:
16233:
16210:
16180:
16150:
16122:
16112:
16080:
16057:
16027:
15973:
15954:
15927:
15904:
15881:
15855:
15847:
15814:
15791:
15766:
15743:
15717:
15684:
15658:
15639:
15590:
15564:
15558:Polity
15541:
15509:
15477:
15450:
15427:
15402:
15379:
15325:
15302:
15279:
15256:
15230:
15202:
15179:
15154:
15126:
15091:
15068:
15045:
15020:
15014:Viking
14992:
14969:
14946:
14919:
14900:152330
14898:
14865:
14842:
14816:
14785:
14659:
14522:
14514:
14431:
14300:
14275:
14198:
14145:
14080:
14023:
13612:
13554:
13446:
13427:p. 391
13423:
13321:
13246:
13150:9 July
13070:
12963:(12).
12727:
12684:
12388:15 May
12299:15 May
12018:
11978:
11770:
11647:
11386:
10398:
10225:16 May
10195:16 May
10165:16 May
10135:16 May
10011:
9853:
9787:8 June
9754:
9728:15 May
9695:15 May
9660:
9613:15 May
9450:
9083:
9073:
8879:13 May
8501:
8422:
8283:
8275:
8128:
7991:
7985:153322
7983:
7673:
7538:
7173:
7083:" or "
7073:
7020:
6983:
6869:, and
6828:While
6778:, and
6762:, the
6750:, and
6693:SIGINT
6629:
6623:. The
6582:Gadget
6569:, and
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