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division of the Army
General Staff in Washington, D.C. Following the war, he replaced Brigadier General Billy Mitchell as Air Officer of the Army of Occupation in Germany, which his father-in-law, General Allen, commanded. While in Germany, Andrews received his permanent establishment promotion to major, Cavalry, when the National Defense Act of 1920 took effect on July 1, and then transferred in grade to the
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selection, Marshall's choice of
Andrews and his permanent promotion to brigadier general, prompted furious opposition from Woodring and others, over which Marshall prevailed after threatening to resign his new post. As Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations (G-3), he was in charge of readying the entire Army in the run-up to America's inevitable involvement in the war.
625:, commander of the Army Air Forces in World War II, expressed the belief that Andrews would have been given the command of the Allied invasion of Europe—the position that eventually went to General Eisenhower. General Marshall would say, late in life, that Andrews was the only general he had a chance to groom for a possible Supreme Allied Command later in the war.
693:(Leavenworth, Kansas) Andrews' chief of staff; Colonel Morrow Krum (Lake Forest, Illinois), press officer for the ETO; Lieutenant Colonel Fred A. Chapman (Grove Hill, Alabama) and Major Theodore C. Totman (Jamestown, New York), senior aides to Andrews; pilot Captain Robert H. Shannon (Washington, Iowa), of the
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during World War II. It was notable as having been the only renamed US airfield in the United
Kingdom during World War II. It was used by the USAAF 96th Bombardment Group (Heavy) and the 322nd Bombardment Group (Medium) during the war, and also by several RAF squadrons before being closed in 1946.
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in
October 1935. Craig, who opposed any mission for the Air Corps except that of supporting ground forces, and the Army General Staff, actively opposing a movement for a separate air force, disagreed with Andrews that the B-17 had proven its superiority as a bomber over all other types. Instead, it
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at the age of 34. As with nearly all mid-career officers detailed to the
Aviation Section, Andrews did not serve in France but as an administrator in the huge training establishment created to provide pilots. He commanded various training airfields in Texas and Florida and served in the war plans
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A story related in the press many times during
Andrews' lifetime claimed that General Allen forestalled the aeronautical aspirations of his future son-in-law by declaring that no daughter of his would marry a flyer. Andrews' service records, however, show that his commanding officer in the Second
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in San
Antonio, the same exile to which Billy Mitchell had been sent. Possibly expected to retire, he instead was recalled to Washington just four months later by Marshall after President Roosevelt named Marshall to serve as Chief of Staff following Craig's retirement. His first senior staff
708:, is on record as being the first heavy bomber in the 8th Air Force to complete 25 missions. The plane and its crew also flew 5 more before being pulled to go back to the United States. "Hot Stuff" flew the 25th mission on February 7, 1943, three and a half months before B-17 "
701:; Captain Joseph T. Johnson (Los Angeles); navigator Captain James E. Gott (Berea, Kentucky); Master Sergeant Lloyd C. "George" Weir (McRae, Arkansas); Technical Sergeant Kenneth A. Jeffers (Oriskany Falls, New York); and Staff Sergeant Paul H. McQueen (Endwell, New York).
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In
January 1939, after President Franklin D. Roosevelt had publicly called for a large expansion of the Air Corps, Andrews described the United States as a "sixth-rate airpower" at a speech to the National Aeronautic Association, antagonizing isolationist Secretary of War
582:, who was then assuring the public of U.S. air strength. At the end of Andrews' four-year term as Commanding General of GHQAF on March 1, he was not reappointed, reverted to his permanent rank of colonel, and was reassigned as air officer for the
1308:
Mueller, Robert, "Air Force Bases Volume 1: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of
America on 17 September 1982", United States Air Force Historical Research Center, Office of Air Force History, Washington, D.C., 1989,
689:, presiding Methodist bishop of North America, who was on a pastoral tour; Chaplains Colonel Frank L. Miller (Washington, D.C.) and Major Robert H. Humphrey (Lynchburg, Virginia), accompanying Bishop Leonard; Brigadier General
496:, Kansas. Promoted to lieutenant colonel, Andrews served as the chief of the Army Air Corps' Training and Operations Division in 1930–1931 before being replaced by the new Chief of the Air Corps, Major General
424:, in 1914, Andrews gained entrée into elite inner circles of Washington society and within the military. They were the parents of three children: Josephine (1914–1977), Allen (1917–2008), and Jean (b. 1923).
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Arnold was selected over
Andrews, who was senior, because he was the incumbent Assistant Chief of Air Corps, was well-qualified, and because Army Chief of Staff Craig threatened to resign if Arnold was not
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Andrews was the highest-ranking Allied officer to die in the line of duty to that time in the war. At the time of his death, he was Commanding General, United States Forces, European Theatre of Operations.
526:, which consolidated all the Army Air Corps' tactical units under a single commander. The Army promoted Andrews to brigadier general (temporary) and to major general (temporary) less than a year later.
712:", but as the B-24 was destroyed in the crash, the War Department chose to send the B-17 home and celebrate it as the second B-17 to complete 25 missions (the first B-17 to complete was Hell's Angel).
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had failed. Andrews was the first head of a centralized American air force and the first air officer to serve on the Army's general staff. In early 1943, he took the place of General
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on 4 February so that Eisenhower could give full attention to the North African-Mediterranean Theaters, with the upcoming invasions of Sicily and then Italy. In his memoirs, General
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685:(Iceland). Andrews and thirteen others died in the crash; only the tail gunner, Staff Sergeant George A. Eisel of Columbus, Ohio, survived. Others killed in the crash included
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in particular, General Andrews advocated the purchase of the B-17 in large numbers as the Army's standard bomber. MacArthur, however, was replaced as Chief of Staff by General
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Lieutenant General Andrews (in the middle) inspects a radio set at the Command Post of the Provisional Maneuver Force in Puerto Rico, November 1941. Next to him are generals:
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Copp, DeWitt S., "Forged In Fire", The Air Force Historical Foundation, Doubleday & Company, Garden City, New York, 1982, Library of Congress card number 81-43265,
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Pogue, Forrest C. George C. Marshall Interviews and Reminiscences for Forrest C. Pogue. Lexington, Virginia: George C. Marshall Research Foundation, 1991; pp. 565, 582.
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on the island. That same year he went to North Africa, where he spent three months in command of all United States forces in the Middle East from a base in Cairo.
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in January 1943, Lieutenant General Andrews was appointed commander of all United States forces in the European Theater of Operations, replacing
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cut back on planned purchases of B-17s to procure smaller but cheaper (and inferior) twin-engine light and medium bombers such as the
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in February 1914, a decision that held firm despite a plea from the Chief Signal Officer's for reconsideration by higher-ups.
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U.S. Army personnel remove bodies from the wreckage of Andrews' B-24 after it struck a mountainside in Iceland, May 1943.
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in September 1938, partly because of his aggressive support for strategic bombing. He became a trusted air adviser to
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he joined was smaller than that of Bulgaria, but it gave the young second lieutenant ample opportunities to play
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Andrews' pre–World War I personnel file: File #1139074, Record Group 94, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
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in the Office of the Chief Signal Officer between September 26, 1917, and April 25, 1918, Andrews went to
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Today, a small part of the former wartime airfield is still in use as a small private flying facility.
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Andrews was passed over for appointment as Chief of the Air Corps following the death of Major General
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of leadership. After marrying Jeannette "Johnny" Allen, the high-spirited daughter of Major General
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Andrews was killed in an airplane accident during an inspection tour in Iceland in 1943. He was the
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on June 12, 1906, assigned to the Philippines from October 1906 to May 1907, and then to
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1461:"Memphis Belle v B-24 Hot Stuff: How history came to celebrate the wrong WWII warbird"
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on August 5, 1917, and assigned over the objections of his cavalry commander to the
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On May 3, 1943, during an inspection tour, Andrews was killed in the crash of the
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At Naval Air Station Keflavik in Iceland, Andrews Theater was named after him.
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of defending the southern approaches to the United States, including the vital
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After returning to the United States in 1923, Andrews again assumed command of
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Cavalry vetoed his application for temporary aeronautical duty with the
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Biography from Wright-Patterson Air Force Base museum. Public domain.
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A vocal proponent of the four-engine heavy bomber in general and the
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George C. Marshall Interviews and Reminiscences for Forrest C. Pogue
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United States Army Air Forces personnel killed in World War II
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Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
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United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
1177:"Colorful Career of Andrews, Native of Nashville, Recalled"
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Andrews graduated 42nd in his class and was commissioned a
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306:), in Louisiana, General Andrews Airport (demolished) in
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first of four lieutenant generals in the U.S. Army to die
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in 1933, Andrews returned to the General Staff in 1934.
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Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
488:, Virginia, and the following year he went to the Army
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and the great-great-nephew of two Tennessee governors,
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United States Army Air Forces generals of World War II
455:, California, for flying training. There, he earned a
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as part of its wartime expansion. After staff duty in
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Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Iceland
290:) is named after him, as well as Andrews Barracks (a
590:In 1940, Andrews assumed control of the Air Corps'
310:, Dominican Republic, Andrews Engineering Building
227:(February 3, 1884 – May 3, 1943) was a senior
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678:peninsula after an aborted attempt to land at the
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1348:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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1076:European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
1208:Who Was Who in American History, the Military
381:, Texas, and in 1916 received a promotion to
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1591:Honorary companions of the Order of the Bath
1571:Military personnel from Nashville, Tennessee
1330:. Archived from the original on July 9, 2006
1631:United States Army personnel of World War I
1210:. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who, 1975. P. 12
594:, and in 1941, he became commander of the
38:
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1363:Creekmore, Betsey B. (November 4, 2018).
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19:For other people with similar names, see
1390:Creekmore, Betsey B. (October 2, 2018).
704:The B-24D Liberator that crashed, named
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515:In March 1935, Andrews was appointed by
412:between 1911 and 1913), and observe the
1504:Commanding General of U.S. Army Europe
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810:chapter are named in honor of Andrews.
298:, Germany), Frank Andrews Boulevard at
255:as commander of all U.S. troops in the
1601:United States Army Air Forces generals
1566:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
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813:In 1986, Andrews was enshrined in the
800:University of Tennessee Air Force ROTC
508:, Michigan. After graduation from the
1611:United States Military Academy alumni
243:. In leadership positions within the
16:United States Army Air Forces general
1154:Air Force Historical Research Agency
524:General Headquarters (GHQ) Air Force
439:, Andrews was promoted to temporary
1480:Frank M. Andrews: Marshall's Airman
1398:. University of Tennessee Libraries
1371:. University of Tennessee Libraries
1245:Frank M. Andrews: Marshall's Airman
1052:Army of Occupation of Germany Medal
750:, located a few miles southeast of
445:Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps
155:U.S. Army Forces in the Middle East
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1175:Le May, Francis M. (May 5, 1943).
790:Ninoy Aquino International Airport
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1471:
1467: (archived December 10, 2014)
1418:"Enshrinee Frank Maxwell Andrews"
457:rating of Junior Military Aviator
266:during the war, the others being
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1016:Army Distinguished Service Medal
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490:Command and General Staff School
435:After the United States entered
300:Alexandria International Airport
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195:Army Distinguished Service Medal
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350:in 1901 and graduated from the
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1057:American Defense Service Medal
815:National Aviation Hall of Fame
546:Later career, and World War II
472:Air Service and Air Corps duty
352:United States Military Academy
257:European Theater of Operations
167:General Headquarters Air Force
151:European Theater of Operations
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1036:with bronze oak leaf cluster
237:United States Army Air Forces
123:United States Army Air Forces
522:to command the newly formed
400:, see the world (serving as
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1586:Recipients of the Air Medal
1328:"USAF People - USAF Museum"
1196:– via Newspapers.com.
737:Arlington National Cemetery
718:Camp Springs Army Air Field
647:Arlington National Cemetery
464:, which the Act had made a
98:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
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1444:November 27, 2005, at the
1086:World War II Victory Medal
1026:Distinguished Flying Cross
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695:330th Bombardment Squadron
468:of the Army, on August 6.
326:Early life and World War I
272:Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr.
200:Distinguished Flying Cross
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1507:4 February – 3 May 1943
1243:Copp, DeWitt S. (2003),
1206:Marquis Who's Who, Inc.
1145:Fogerty, Robert (1953).
784:, a road leading to the
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500:. He then commanded the
1556:Aviators from Tennessee
1541:Aerial warfare pioneers
1103:Order of Abdon CalderĂłn
1067:American Campaign Medal
680:Royal Air Force Station
354:at West Point in 1906.
348:Montgomery Bell Academy
241:United States Air Force
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592:Panama Canal Air Force
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336:Nathan Bedford Forrest
304:England Air Force Base
288:Andrews Air Force Base
1453:Larry I. Bland, ed.,
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735:Andrews is buried at
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615:Casablanca Conference
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225:Frank Maxwell Andrews
129:Years of service
32:Frank Maxwell Andrews
1498:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1422:nationalaviation.org
1365:"Arnold Air Society"
691:Charles H. Barth Jr.
660:B-24D-1-CO Liberator
619:Dwight D. Eisenhower
556:James Lawton Collins
531:B-17 Flying Fortress
406:Montgomery M. Macomb
387:Plattsburgh Barracks
332:Nashville, Tennessee
312:Eglin Air Force Base
253:Dwight D. Eisenhower
68:Nashville, Tennessee
687:Adna Wright Leonard
517:Army Chief of Staff
498:Benjamin D. Foulois
422:Henry Tureman Allen
1070:with service star
804:Arnold Air Society
748:Joint Base Andrews
730:Joint Base Andrews
670:, England, on Mt.
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645:Andrews' grave at
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572:George C. Marshall
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394:United States Army
280:Joint Base Andrews
233:United States Army
141:Lieutenant General
119:United States Army
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502:1st Pursuit Group
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568:Oscar Westover
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1425:. Retrieved
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1400:. Retrieved
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1373:. Retrieved
1368:
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1190:. Retrieved
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1095:
1062:service star
1019:with bronze
812:
808:Silver Wings
797:
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604:Panama Canal
600:World War II
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475:
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418:low politics
402:aide-de-camp
391:
389:, New York.
356:
329:
302:(the former
261:
224:
223:
185:World War II
177:Battles/wars
80:(1943-05-03)
25:
1536:1943 deaths
1531:1884 births
1427:January 20,
1160:November 9,
786:Philippines
683:Kaldadarnes
535:Malin Craig
478:Kelly Field
462:Air Service
437:World War I
404:to General
375:2nd Cavalry
363:8th Cavalry
181:World War I
78:May 3, 1943
47:Nickname(s)
1525:Categories
1234:appointed.
1216:0837932017
1132:References
466:combat arm
379:Fort Bliss
286:(formerly
105:Allegiance
61:1884-02-03
1396:Volopedia
1369:Volopedia
1317:, page 5.
1223:657162692
1192:August 1,
1107:(Ecuador)
1033:Air Medal
706:Hot Stuff
676:Reykjanes
662:, of the
655:Hot Stuff
211:Signature
204:Air Medal
132:1906–1943
88:, Iceland
1442:Archived
1344:cite web
1124:(Panama)
1117:(France)
722:Maryland
330:Born in
284:Maryland
147:Commands
113:Service/
1463:at the
1402:July 1,
1375:July 1,
1334:July 9,
771:England
728:(later
674:on the
666:out of
613:At the
383:captain
373:in the
361:in the
292:kaserne
231:of the
229:officer
1482:(2003)
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820:Awards
743:Legacy
608:attack
410:Hawaii
296:Berlin
191:Awards
115:branch
93:Buried
84:Mount
50:"Andy"
1150:(PDF)
1060:with
767:Essex
765:, in
629:Death
441:major
377:, at
320:Pasay
1429:2023
1404:2023
1377:2023
1350:link
1336:2006
1311:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1219:OCLC
1212:ISBN
1194:2022
1162:2021
798:The
658:, a
558:and
416:and
414:high
398:polo
392:The
342:and
274:and
137:Rank
75:Died
55:Born
1256:in
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492:at
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