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to fight for him outside Cyprus. Edward was called on to arbitrate. Their disobedience was humiliating for Hugh. It was decided that the knights could be commanded to serve abroad for four months each year if led by the king or his son. Edward helped Hugh raid
Baibars' territory, and early in 1272 Hugh secured a truce, after which Acre remained at peace until 1291. Edward left on 16 June 1272.
1724:
to Hugh frustrated the plan. Upon returning to Cyprus, he seized the
Templars' properties and destroyed their fortifications in reprisal. The Templars complained to the pope, who asked Hugh to restore their property, but he declined. Though restricted since 1277 in his ability to support the mainland against the Mamluks, Hugh may have planned to
1557:
to the Latin East, arriving in Acre on 9 May 1271. Edward was soon disillusioned by the uncooperativeness of the local
Christians. Baibars' failed attack on their island had disturbed Cypriot knights, who refused Hugh's summons to serve on the mainland. They argued that the king could not expect them
1723:
Hugh attempted twice to reoccupy Acre but was ultimately unsuccessful. In 1279 he brought a large
Cypriot army to Tyre, hoping that a display of strength and bribery would be enough to restore his authority over the city. John of Montfort was on his side, but William of Beaujeu's enduring opposition
1678:
Indignant at the opposition he faced, Hugh suddenly packed up his belongings and left Acre for good in
October 1276. The final straw was the purchase of a village near Acre by the Templars, for which they deliberately did not seek the king's approval and ignored his complaints. The Templars and the
1581:
to marry one of three candidates presented to her by the king. Wishing to attract a capable knight to the East by offering her hand in marriage, Hugh took
Isabella to Cyprus. Baibars demanded that she be returned to Beirut, and as the High Court offered no support, Hugh relented. The king did not
1714:
to him as
Charles's bailli. To preserve a sense of legality, the barons twice asked Hugh to absolve them from their allegiance to him, but he refused to answer. The holders of the most important lordships, John of Tyre and Isabella of Beirut, continued to recognize Hugh as their legitimate king.
1771:
The king lost his most promising son, Bohemond, on 3 November 1283. An even more serious blow was the death of his friend and brother-in-law, John of
Montfort. The Cypriots left him after the agreed period of four months expired, but Hugh remained in Tyre, where he died on 24 March 1284. He was
1301:
Isabella died in 1264, and a dispute arose between Hugh of
Brienne and Hugh of Antioch. The former claimed that he should now exercise the regency in Jerusalem because his mother was older than Hugh of Antioch's. But, as regent of Cyprus, Hugh of Antioch could contribute more militarily to the
1755:
and
Bohemond. Instead of landing at Acre, Hugh was blown to Beirut, where he was welcomed on 1 August. While his army marched to Tyre, they were ambushed by Muslim raiders, whom the king believed to have been incited by the Templars. Hugh reached Tyre by sea, encountering
1403:, Maria was a grandchild. Maria's case was legally stronger and, unlike Hugh, she had come prepared for debate. Hugh, however, was a more desirable choice, as he was a man, experienced in government, and with troops at disposal. Earlier in 1268 Baibars had conquered
1394:
on 25 December 1267. In May 1268 the new king sailed to Acre to be recognized as the formal regent, and thus heir presumptive, of Conrad III of Jerusalem. The High Court was prepared to accept him, but he was surprised to find his claim challenged by his aunt
1294:, ruled on his behalf as regent until her death in 1261. Isabella then stood to assume the regency as Hugh II's heir presumptive. She ceded the regency to her son, Hugh of Antioch, who proved to be an able ruler. As Hugh II was also heir presumptive to King
1687:. They sent delegates to Tyre, where the king had retired with the intention to sail to Cyprus, begging him to at least appoint a bailli. It took the intercession of his brother-in-law John of Montfort to make the angry king appoint an administrator,
1310:
ruled that, since the contenders were equally close relatives of the young king, the elder of them should have priority, and that was Hugh of Antioch. Being chosen as regent effectively marked Hugh of Antioch as the heir presumptive of Hugh II.
1601:, had already established herself as regent, however, as was her right according to family custom. Hugh found no support in Tripoli. He only won a minor diplomatic victory when he negotiated with Baibars a truce covering
1451:, both likely imports from Cyprus. The regents had alienated much of the royal domain through legally tenuous grants, which became invalid on Hugh's accession. The most notable cases were the grants of the lordships of
1446:
The barons of the Kingdom of Jerusalem had grown independent from royal authority during the reigns of the absentee kings. Hugh tried to improve the system of government, introducing an inner council and the use of a
1298:, who lived in Europe, he was entitled to govern the Kingdom of Jerusalem as regent. But since he was a minor, that regency needed to be exercised by his next of kin, and Isabella accepted that role in 1263.
1675:, he rivalled what Hugh could offer militarily and diplomatically. Charles was also personally hostile to Hugh, encouraging Maria's claims to Jerusalem and Hugh of Brienne's to Cyprus.
1582:
resume control over Beirut until long after Baibars died. Despite some successes, in the end Hugh found it impossible to be more than "king of Acre", as Muslim writers called him.
2721:
1506:
1438:
to rule his new kingdom on his behalf, Hugh divided his time between Cyprus and Acre. For the first time since the 1220s the mainland kingdom had a resident monarch.
1399:. She insisted that she had the better claim to regency due to being a nearer relative of Conrad; whereas Hugh was a great-grandchild of their common ancestor, Queen
1318:. He was the first ruler of Cyprus in over a decade to deploy a Cypriot army in defense of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. His army, however, came too late to prevent the
1663:
Hugh's chief problem, however, was the persistence of his aunt Maria in claiming the throne of Jerusalem. Hugh sent procurators to answer her appeal to the
1671:
Hugh had feared since 1269. Charles had the support of William of Beaujeu, his kinsman. As the ruler of Sicily and brother of the celebrated crusader King
1597:
from his father, but he was a minor. King Hugh arrived in Tripoli to claim regency as the closest adult scion of the ruling family. Bohemond VII's mother,
3096:
1684:
2714:
1761:
1765:
3091:
1710:
arrived in Acre to claim government, facing no opposition from Hugh. Roger proclaimed Charles king of Jerusalem and demanded that the barons do
1501:
John and his descendants by Margaret with Tyre. The agreement enabled Hugh to be crowned, despite Maria's protests, on 24 September 1269 by the
1853:
2707:
2886:
3081:
2931:
1751:, was a close friend of Hugh's. Thus encouraged to try again to retake Acre, Hugh sailed from Cyprus in late July 1283 with his sons
1577:, distrusted King Hugh and put her and her fief under Baibar's protection on his deathbed in 1273. As a female vassal, Isabella was
1640:
were irreconcilable. The Venetians in particular were aggrieved by his preferential treatment of the Genoese. The Templars and the
349:, the last city on the mainland that belonged directly to the king. After two unsuccessful attempts to regain Acre, Hugh died in
1706:
The sale of Maria's claim to Charles was concluded, with papal approval, in March 1277. Within weeks Charles's representative
2587:
1760:: his standard fell into the sea, and the cross carried by the assembled clergy accidentally cracked the skull of his Jewish
890:
417:
429:
295:, he succeeded both young monarchs upon their deaths and appeared poised to be an effective political and military leader.
405:
in 1243. She died in 1246 and the regency passed to her son, Henry I of Cyprus, passing over the claim of her half-sister
3101:
303:
1648:
of Acre resented the renewed royal involvement in its affairs and the favour shown to Tyre. Though he disliked him, the
1830:
1785:
421:
188:
150:
1743:
against Charles, as well as the death of Isabella of Beirut and the consequent passing of her lordship to her sister,
2635:
2613:
433:
1667:
in 1273, but she was already entertaining the sale of her claim to Charles of Anjou, whose ambition to dominate the
1549:
to its north-east. He immediately made an unsuccessful attempt at raid on Cyprus. At that time, the English prince
1472:
1632:
Hugh succeeded in mending the rifts between his lay vassals, the Ibelins and the Montforts, but the merchants of
326:. His insular vassals, on the other hand, resented his determination to deploy Cypriot armies in defense of the
2924:
1733:
1679:
Venetians were pleased to see him go, but the decision stunned the Hospitallers, the Teutonic Knights, and the
1494:
2767:
1482:
1481:, but was willing to compromise to find solutions. His policy centred on fostering close relations with the
2817:
2750:
1857:
1768:, had just concluded a truce with the Mamluks, and Hugh may have feared their intervention if he attacked.
1680:
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338:
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1408:
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1319:
881:
298:
As the first king of Jerusalem to reside in the kingdom since the 1220s, Hugh tried to restore the
193:
178:
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436:
was issued. Hugh was handsome and charming, but disadvantaged by his bad temper and tactlessness.
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1303:
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1084:
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398:
382:
354:
173:
310:. Marital alliances brought to him steadfast loyalty of the most powerful noble families, the
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1843:
1808:
1707:
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by his cousin and regent Hugh of Antioch (Hugh III). Hugh III's coronation took place in the
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183:
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1691:. King Hugh immediately embarked and went to Cyprus, from where he justified his action to
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1075:
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198:
8:
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1550:
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Most problematically, Hugh's right to the throne of Jerusalem was challenged by his aunt
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dwindling mainland kingdom, and was better connected, being the first cousin of Prince
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1660:, elected to succeed Thomas Berard in 1273, proved determined to undermine the king.
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in 1277. With the support of the Venetians and the Templars, Charles promptly took
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A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
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318:, but his efforts on the mainland were doomed to failure by the hostility of the
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75:
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Bohemond VI, the last prince of Antioch, died in 1275, leaving two children,
1477:
350:
136:
1764:. Hugh waited in vain to be welcomed to Acre. Charles's new bailli in Acre,
2566:
1586:
1486:
1351:
1347:
409:. King Henry ruled the mainland kingdom as regent until his death in 1253.
353:, a mainland city held by the loyal Montforts. He was succeeded by his son
346:
299:
1448:
1644:
objected to his own rapprochement with Philip of Montfort, while the
1776:, who died the next year and was followed by another son, Henry II.
1489:. With Philip he reached an agreement providing that Hugh's sister,
448:
Hugh's relationship to the rulers of Cyprus, Jerusalem, and Antioch
432:. The marriage, or at least a betrothal, took place in 1255, when a
3051:
2893:
2847:
2682:
1757:
1664:
1516:
1378:
14-year-old King Hugh II died in December 1267, not having reached
47:
18:
King of Cyprus (r. 1267–1284) and King of Jerusalem (r. 1268–1284)
2559:
The Disputed Regency of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1264/6 and 1268
1602:
1509:, where kings and queens of Jerusalem had been crowned since the
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1412:
1391:
1323:
208:
1435:
1419:
402:
280:
1306:
as well as being married into the powerful Ibelin family. The
2602:
The feudal nobility and the kingdom of Jerusalem, 1147 - 1277
2221:
2219:
1562:
1545:
In June 1271, Acre became exposed when Baibars conquered the
1404:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
302:, reassert royal authority over the increasingly independent
2534:
1739:
1282 saw the recall of Roger of San Severino due to a major
1702:
1285 coin describing Charles as king of Jerusalem and Sicily
291:
for several years. Prevailing over the claims of his cousin
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1998:
1817:(died in 1316), who briefly ruled in succession to Amalric
1415:, which prompted the High Court to rule in Hugh's favour.
330:. In 1275 he failed to establish himself as regent of the
2038:, p. Appendix III (Genealogical trees No. 1 and 2.).
1811:(died in 1310), who displaced Henry II as effective ruler
2729:
1282:
Hugh's mother, Isabella, was the aunt of the young King
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1497:, to whom Philip would cede Tyre, and that Hugh would
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1944:
1314:
As regent, Hugh considered it his duty to defend the
381:, while Hugh's father was the youngest son of Prince
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2014:
1350:. Hugh likely focused on reinforcing the defence of
1956:
1932:
1889:
1877:
412:Hugh's mother brought him up along with his cousin
275:(as Hugh I) from 1268. Born into the family of the
1980:
1374:denoting Hugh as king of both Jerusalem and Cyprus
2576:The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191–1374
1354:, the sole remaining royal city on the mainland.
3063:
306:, and prevent further loss of territory to the
1796:(died in 1285), who succeeded Hugh III as king
2925:
2715:
1848:Alice, who married Balian of Ibelin, titular
1485:, a powerful family which held the important
1805:(died in 1324), who succeeded John I as king
2596:
2561:. Offices of the Royal Historical Society.
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2337:
2225:
2210:
2149:
1418:On 29 October 1268, Conrad was executed in
3097:Burials at Saint Sophia Cathedral, Nicosia
2932:
2918:
2722:
2708:
1553:took a small army of about 1,000 men on a
401:, she was selected to rule the kingdom as
1565:fief on the mainland other than Tyre was
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2008:
1974:
1950:
1926:
1914:
1697:
1616:
1515:
1366:
1772:succeeded by his eldest surviving son,
1628:' coin issued in the reign of Hugh III.
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1938:
1902:
1883:
1612:
389:, was an unsuccessful claimant to the
377:1233. Isabella was the sister of King
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1718:
1605:, preserving the last remnant of the
1511:loss of the city of Jerusalem in 1187
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456:
1656:, never openly challenged Hugh. But
430:nobility of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
416:, son of her deceased older sister,
3092:Christians of Lord Edward's crusade
1475:. Hugh refused to accept this as a
1290:of royal blood. The king's mother,
13:
3082:13th-century monarchs of Jerusalem
2871:
1734:invasion of the Mamluk-held Levant
14:
3113:
2941:Monarchs of the Kingdom of Cyprus
1842:(died in 1296), who married King
1833:(died in 1322), who married King
3050:
2892:
385:. Hugh's maternal grandmother,
2751:Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre
2630:. Cambridge University Press.
259:– 24 March 1284), also called
1:
1870:
1593:. Bohemond VII inherited the
1434:too. Instead of appointing a
1426:, who had conquered Conrad's
1362:
374:
360:
253:
117:
1788:, Hugh had eleven children:
1681:Latin patriarch of Jerusalem
1650:grand master of the Templars
1382:, and was duly succeeded as
271:(as Hugh III) from 1267 and
7:
1493:, would marry Philip's son
10:
3118:
3102:House of Poitiers-Lusignan
2580:Cambridge University Press
2550:
439:
279:, he effectively ruled as
199:Margaret, Queen of Armenia
163:
3048:
2947:
2882:
2869:
2741:
2687:
2679:
2669:
2660:
2652:
2647:
2574:Edbury, Peter W. (1994).
2557:Edbury, Peter W. (1979).
1441:
1388:Cathedral of Saint Sophia
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28:
23:
1779:
1357:
397:to her grandnephew King
341:, who sold her claim to
261:Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan
194:Guy, Constable of Cyprus
179:Henry II, King of Cyprus
1865:Isabella (died in 1319)
1799:Bohemond (died in 1283)
1607:Principality of Antioch
1401:Isabella I of Jerusalem
1308:High Court of Jerusalem
1296:Conrad III of Jerusalem
428:, who were the leading
289:Conrad III of Jerusalem
2876:
1703:
1629:
1542:
1375:
1304:Bohemond VI of Antioch
399:Conrad II of Jerusalem
383:Bohemond IV of Antioch
249:
189:Maria, Queen of Aragon
174:John I, King of Cyprus
2875:
2598:Riley-Smith, Jonathan
1844:Thoros III of Armenia
1708:Roger of San Severino
1701:
1620:
1521:Lord Edward's crusade
1519:
1370:
184:Amalric, Lord of Tyre
2735:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1827:, succeeded Henry II
1749:Humphrey of Montfort
1292:Plaisance of Antioch
391:Kingdom of Jerusalem
365:Hugh was the son of
2543:, p. 342, 393.
1732:in their attempted
1613:Baronial opposition
1457:Knights Hospitaller
1430:. Hugh thus became
407:Melisende of Cyprus
283:for underage kings
2877:
2471:, p. 344-345.
2352:, p. 329-330.
1835:James II of Aragon
1786:Isabella of Ibelin
1741:uprising on Sicily
1719:Struggles for Acre
1704:
1673:Louis IX of France
1658:William of Beaujeu
1630:
1599:Sibylla of Armenia
1571:Isabella of Ibelin
1543:
1473:Philip of Montfort
1424:Charles I of Anjou
1376:
1326:, from conquering
424:, a member of the
387:Alice of Champagne
367:Isabella of Cyprus
343:Charles I of Anjou
320:Venetian merchants
277:princes of Antioch
234:Isabella of Cyprus
151:Isabella of Ibelin
3059:
3058:
2907:
2906:
2833:John I of Brienne
2698:
2697:
2690:King of Jerusalem
2670:Succeeded by
2589:978-0-521-45837-5
2519:, pp. 95–96.
2444:, pp. 94–95.
2062:, pp. 89–90.
1850:prince of Galilee
1747:, whose husband,
1685:Thomas of Lentino
1595:County of Tripoli
1507:Cathedral of Tyre
1432:king of Jerusalem
1428:Kingdom of Sicily
1422:by the orders of
1328:Caesarea Maritima
1284:Hugh II of Cyprus
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
379:Henry I of Cyprus
332:County of Tripoli
285:Hugh II of Cyprus
273:king of Jerusalem
239:
238:
134:(aged 48–49)
30:King of Jerusalem
3109:
3054:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2897:
2896:
2858:John I of Cyprus
2724:
2717:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2680:Preceded by
2653:Preceded by
2645:
2644:
2641:
2624:Runciman, Steven
2619:
2593:
2570:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2493:Riley-Smith 1973
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2414:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2380:
2374:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2338:Riley-Smith 1973
2335:
2329:
2323:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2256:
2250:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2226:Riley-Smith 1973
2223:
2214:
2211:Riley-Smith 1973
2208:
2202:
2196:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2150:Riley-Smith 1973
2147:
2141:
2135:
2118:
2112:
2101:
2095:
2080:
2074:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2012:
2006:
1993:
1987:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1887:
1881:
1858:Philip of Ibelin
1689:Balian of Ibelin
1642:Teutonic Knights
1579:legally required
1539:
1533:
1527:
1397:Maria of Antioch
1322:ruler of Egypt,
1288:closest relative
454:
453:
445:
444:
395:heir presumptive
376:
371:Henry of Antioch
339:Maria of Antioch
308:Egyptian Mamluks
304:mainland vassals
258:
255:
224:Henry of Antioch
214:Poitiers-Antioch
167:
141:Lordship of Tyre
133:
122:
119:
21:
20:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3087:Kings of Cyprus
3062:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3046:
2943:
2938:
2908:
2903:
2891:
2878:
2867:
2737:
2728:
2693:
2685:
2675:
2666:
2658:
2638:
2616:
2590:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2417:
2409:
2400:
2392:
2383:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2340:, pp. 8–9.
2336:
2332:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2297:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2268:
2259:
2251:
2244:
2236:
2232:
2224:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2121:
2113:
2104:
2096:
2083:
2075:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2015:
2007:
1996:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1784:With his wife,
1782:
1762:court physician
1721:
1615:
1575:Hamo le Strange
1573:. Her husband,
1547:Montfort Castle
1541:
1537:
1535:
1534: Crusaders
1531:
1529:
1525:
1503:bishop of Lydda
1465:Knights Templar
1444:
1365:
1360:
1316:Crusader states
1280:
1267:
1258:
1227:
1149:
1131:
1116:
1107:
1086:
1077:
942:
933:
912:
901:
892:
883:
852:
667:
658:
650:
638:
629:
616:
483:
442:
426:House of Ibelin
414:Hugh of Brienne
363:
328:Crusader states
324:Knights Templar
293:Hugh of Brienne
256:
203:
161:
160:
135:
131:
120:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3115:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2695:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2663:King of Cyprus
2659:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2648:Regnal titles
2643:
2642:
2636:
2620:
2614:
2594:
2588:
2571:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2533:
2531:, p. 390.
2521:
2509:
2507:, p. 389.
2497:
2495:, p. 227.
2485:
2483:, p. 346.
2473:
2461:
2459:, p. 345.
2446:
2434:
2432:, pp. 95.
2415:
2413:, pp. 94.
2398:
2396:, p. 330.
2381:
2379:, p. 344.
2366:
2364:, p. 343.
2354:
2342:
2330:
2328:, p. 342.
2315:
2313:, p. 338.
2303:
2301:, pp. 93.
2286:
2284:, p. 335.
2274:
2272:, pp. 92.
2257:
2255:, p. 329.
2242:
2240:, p. 328.
2230:
2228:, p. 224.
2215:
2213:, p. 225.
2203:
2201:, pp. 91.
2178:
2176:, p. 290.
2166:
2154:
2152:, p. 220.
2142:
2140:, pp. 90.
2119:
2117:, p. 327.
2102:
2100:, pp. 96.
2081:
2079:, pp. 89.
2064:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2013:
2011:, p. 394.
1994:
1979:
1977:, p. 289.
1967:
1955:
1943:
1931:
1929:, p. 195.
1919:
1917:, p. 206.
1907:
1888:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1790:
1781:
1778:
1766:Odo Poilechien
1720:
1717:
1614:
1611:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1443:
1440:
1384:king of Cyprus
1372:Quartered arms
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
946:
945:
938:
936:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
908:
906:
904:
897:
895:
888:
886:
878:
876:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
807:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
761:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
685:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
671:
670:
663:
661:
654:
652:
647:
645:
643:
641:
634:
632:
625:
623:
621:
619:
611:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
555:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
493:
491:
490:
488:
486:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
450:
449:
443:
441:
438:
373:, who married
362:
359:
269:king of Cyprus
237:
236:
231:
227:
226:
221:
217:
216:
211:
205:
204:
202:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
170:
168:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
128:
124:
123:
115:
111:
110:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
76:King of Cyprus
72:
71:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3114:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3053:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2874:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2720:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2651:
2646:
2639:
2637:0-521-06163-6
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2615:0-333-06379-1
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2542:
2541:Runciman 1989
2537:
2530:
2529:Runciman 1989
2525:
2518:
2513:
2506:
2505:Runciman 1989
2501:
2494:
2489:
2482:
2481:Runciman 1989
2477:
2470:
2469:Runciman 1989
2465:
2458:
2457:Runciman 1989
2453:
2451:
2443:
2438:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2395:
2394:Runciman 1989
2390:
2388:
2386:
2378:
2377:Runciman 1989
2373:
2371:
2363:
2362:Runciman 1989
2358:
2351:
2350:Runciman 1989
2346:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2326:Runciman 1989
2322:
2320:
2312:
2311:Runciman 1989
2307:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2283:
2282:Runciman 1989
2278:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2254:
2253:Runciman 1989
2249:
2247:
2239:
2238:Runciman 1989
2234:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2212:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2175:
2174:Runciman 1989
2170:
2164:, p. 15.
2163:
2158:
2151:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2115:Runciman 1989
2111:
2109:
2107:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2056:
2050:, p. 86.
2049:
2044:
2037:
2036:Runciman 1989
2032:
2026:, p. 37.
2025:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2009:Runciman 1989
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1975:Runciman 1989
1971:
1965:, p. 83.
1964:
1959:
1953:, p. 82.
1952:
1951:Runciman 1989
1947:
1941:, p. 81.
1940:
1935:
1928:
1927:Runciman 1989
1923:
1916:
1915:Runciman 1989
1911:
1905:, p. 88.
1904:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1886:, p. 30.
1885:
1880:
1876:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:, whose son,
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1693:Pope John XXI
1690:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:Mediterranean
1666:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1654:Thomas Berard
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1540: Mongols
1528: Mamluks
1522:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1478:fait accompli
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1272:
1269:
1260:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1155:
1153:
1133:
1118:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1041:
1038:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1002:
967:
964:
962:
956:
954:
948:
947:
944:
935:
922:
920:
914:
905:
903:
894:
885:
879:
877:
854:
808:
805:
797:
787:
785:
783:
775:
773:
765:
763:
762:
755:
749:
747:
743:
737:
735:
731:
729:
719:
711:
709:
701:
699:
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130:24 March 1284
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3072:1230s births
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1992:, p. 6.
1970:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1879:
1783:
1770:
1738:
1722:
1705:
1677:
1662:
1631:
1587:Bohemond VII
1584:
1560:
1544:
1487:city of Tyre
1476:
1445:
1417:
1377:
1348:Chastel Neuf
1313:
1300:
1281:
1257:Bohemond VII
1228:of Jerusalem
1108:of Jerusalem
884:of Jerusalem
630:of Champagne
617:of Jerusalem
484:of Jerusalem
434:dispensation
411:
364:
336:
300:royal domain
297:
264:
260:
241:
240:
162:
132:(1284-03-24)
15:
3077:1284 deaths
2899:Catholicism
2887:Family tree
2838:Isabella II
2778:Baldwin III
2517:Edbury 1994
2442:Edbury 1994
2430:Edbury 1994
2411:Edbury 1994
2299:Edbury 1994
2270:Edbury 1994
2199:Edbury 1994
2162:Edbury 1979
2138:Edbury 1994
2098:Edbury 1994
2077:Edbury 1994
2060:Edbury 1994
2048:Edbury 1994
2024:Edbury 1994
1990:Edbury 1979
1963:Edbury 1994
1939:Edbury 1994
1903:Edbury 1994
1884:Edbury 1994
1523:in 1271–72
1085:Bohemond VI
882:Isabella II
657:Bohemond IV
257: 1235
121: 1235
90:Predecessor
70:(1277–1284)
44:Predecessor
3066:Categories
3042:Catherine
2848:Conrad III
2808:Isabella I
2788:Baldwin IV
2763:Baldwin II
2694:1268–1284
2683:Conrad III
2667:1267–1284
1871:References
1569:, held by
1449:privy seal
1363:Accessions
1268:of Tripoli
1259:of Antioch
1226:Conrad III
1117:of Brienne
1087:of Antioch
1078:of Antioch
943:of Antioch
934:of Antioch
853:of Antioch
851:Bohemond V
659:of Antioch
482:Isabella I
361:Background
267:, was the
48:Conrad III
3037:James III
3022:Charlotte
2843:Conrad II
2793:Baldwin V
2768:Melisende
2758:Baldwin I
2673:John I/II
2606:Macmillan
1856:, son of
1854:Bethlehem
1758:bad omens
1561:The only
1555:a crusade
1483:Montforts
1150:of Cyprus
1132:of Cyprus
1106:Conrad II
1076:Plaisance
913:of Cyprus
902:of Cyprus
893:of Cyprus
668:of Cyprus
666:Melisende
649:Plaisance
639:of Cyprus
393:. As the
316:Montforts
265:the Great
100:Successor
85:1267–1284
68:Charles I
54:Successor
39:1268–1284
3032:James II
3002:Peter II
2987:Henry II
2977:Hugh III
2863:Henry II
2813:Conrad I
2731:Monarchs
2626:(1989).
2600:(1973).
1840:Margaret
1803:Henry II
1665:Holy See
1491:Margaret
1409:Beaufort
1380:majority
1286:and his
1148:Hugh III
911:Isabella
651:Embriaco
422:Isabella
322:and the
314:and the
242:Hugh III
24:Hugh III
3017:John II
3007:James I
2997:Peter I
2992:Hugh IV
2972:Hugh II
2967:Henry I
2818:Henry I
2798:Sibylla
2783:Amalric
2746:Godfrey
2733:of the
2656:Hugh II
2567:4782987
2551:Sources
1825:Hugh IV
1809:Amalric
1745:Eschiva
1730:Mongols
1646:commune
1603:Latakia
1505:in the
1499:enfeoff
1463:to the
1455:to the
1413:Antioch
1392:Nicosia
1324:Baibars
1130:Hugh II
900:Henry I
440:Regency
312:Ibelins
164:more...
94:Hugh II
58:John II
2982:John I
2962:Hugh I
2957:Aimery
2853:Hugh I
2823:Aimery
2634:
2612:
2586:
2565:
1862:Helvis
1815:Aimery
1794:John I
1774:John I
1726:assist
1712:homage
1634:Venice
1626:denier
1622:Billon
1567:Beirut
1551:Edward
1538:
1532:
1526:
1467:, and
1442:Policy
1436:bailli
1420:Naples
1411:, and
1346:, and
1320:Mamluk
637:Hugh I
403:regent
355:John I
281:regent
250:Hugues
246:French
230:Mother
220:Father
147:Spouse
104:John I
3027:Louis
3012:Janus
1831:Maria
1780:Issue
1753:Henry
1638:Genoa
1591:Lucia
1461:Sidon
1453:Arsur
1405:Jaffa
1358:Reign
1344:Toron
1340:Safed
1336:Haifa
1332:Arsur
1266:Lucia
941:Maria
932:Henry
891:Maria
628:Alice
615:Maria
418:Maria
209:House
158:Issue
82:Reign
64:Rival
36:Reign
2828:Mary
2773:Fulk
2749:(as
2632:ISBN
2610:ISBN
2584:ISBN
2563:OCLC
1852:and
1728:the
1636:and
1589:and
1495:John
1469:Tyre
1352:Acre
1115:Hugh
369:and
351:Tyre
347:Acre
287:and
263:and
137:Tyre
127:Died
114:Born
2952:Guy
2803:Guy
1821:Guy
1563:lay
1471:to
1390:in
3068::
2608:.
2604:.
2582:.
2578:.
2449:^
2418:^
2401:^
2384:^
2369:^
2318:^
2289:^
2260:^
2245:^
2218:^
2181:^
2122:^
2105:^
2084:^
2067:^
2016:^
1997:^
1982:^
1891:^
1736:.
1695:.
1683:,
1652:,
1609:.
1513:.
1459:,
1407:,
1342:,
1338:,
1334:,
1330:,
375:c.
357:.
334:.
254:c.
252:;
248::
139:,
118:c.
2933:e
2926:t
2919:v
2753:)
2723:e
2716:t
2709:v
2640:.
2618:.
2592:.
2569:.
1624:'
244:(
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