899:). Air entering the house is of course generally warmer than the air processed through the unit so there is a net 'gain'. Care must be taken that these are only used in the correct type of houses. Exhaust air heat pumps have minimum flow rates so that when installed in a small flat, the airflow chronically over-ventilates the flat and increases the heat loss by drawing in large amounts of unwanted outside air. There are some models though that can take in additional outdoor air to negate this and this air is also feed to the compressor to avoid over ventilation.For most earlier exhaust air heat pumps there will be a low heat output to the hot water and heating of just around 1.8 kW from the compressor/heat pump process, but if that falls short of the building's requirements additional heat will be automatically triggered in the form of immersion heaters or an external gas boiler. The immersion heater top-up could be substantial ( if you select the wrong unit), and when a unit with a 6 kW immersion heater operates at the full output it will cost £1 per hour to run.
819:. Moreover, cooling and dehumidifying fresh ventilation air compose 20–40% of the total energy load for HVAC in hot and humid climatic regions. However, that percentage can be higher where 100% fresh air ventilation is required. This means more energy is needed to meet the fresh air requirements of the occupants. Heat recovery is becoming more necessary due to an increased energy cost for the treatment of fresh air. The main purpose of heat recovery systems is to mitigate the energy consumption of buildings for heating, cooling, and ventilation by recovering the waste heat. In this regard, stand-alone or combined heat recovery systems can be incorporated into residential or commercial buildings for energy saving. Reduction in energy consumption levels can also notably contribute in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
304:. A crosscurrent countercurrent air-to-air heat exchanger built with a humidity permeable material. Polymer fixed-plate countercurrent energy recovery ventilators were introduced in 1998 by Building Performance Equipment (BPE), a residential, commercial, and industrial air-to-air energy recovery manufacturer. These heat exchangers can be both introduced as a retrofit for increased energy savings and fresh air as well as an alternative to new construction. In new construction situations, energy recovery will effectively reduce the required heating/cooling capacity of the system. The percentage of the total energy saved will depend on the efficiency of the device (up to 90% sensible) and the latitude of the building.
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exhaust airstream. During the heating seasons, the system works in reverse. Instead of discharging the heat into the exhaust airstream, the system draws heat from the exhaust airstream in order to pre-heat the incoming air. At this stage, the air passes through a primary unit and then into the space being conditioned. With this type of system, it is normal during the cooling seasons for the exhaust air to be cooler than the ventilation air and, during the heating seasons, warmer than the ventilation air. It is for this reason the system works efficiently and effectively. The
206:) wheels. Though there is a geometrical similarity between heat and enthalpy wheels, there are differences that affect the operation of each design. In a system using a desiccant wheel, the moisture in the air stream with the highest relative humidity is transferred to the opposite air stream after flowing through the wheel. This can work in both directions of incoming air to exhaust air and exhaust air to incoming air. The supply air can then be used directly or employed to further cool the air. This is an energy-intensive process.
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fixed plate heat exchangers are located in two separate air streams and are linked by a closed loop containing a fluid that is continually pumped between the two heat exchangers. The fluid is heated and cooled constantly as it flows around the loop, providing heat recovery. The constant flow of the fluid through the loop requires pumps to move between the two heat exchangers. Though this is an additional energy demand, using pumps to circulate fluid is less energy intensive than fans to circulate air.
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is twelve times higher than standard building materials over the same temperature range. The pressure drop across PCMs has not been investigated to be able to comment on the effect that the material may have on air streams. However, as the PCM can be incorporated directly into the building structure, this would not affect the flow in the same way other heat exchanger technologies do, it can be suggested that there is no pressure loss created by the inclusion of PCMs in the building fabric.
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the rotary thermal wheel, the reduction was not large enough to prevent the ventilation guideline rates from being met. Sufficient research has not yet been conducted to determine the suitability of rotary thermal wheels in natural ventilation, ventilation supply rates can be met but the thermal capabilities of the rotary thermal wheel have not yet been investigated. Further work would beneficial to increase understanding of the system.
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changes from a fluid to a gas in the evaporator section, absorbing the thermal energy from the warm air stream. The gas condenses back to a fluid in the condenser section where the thermal energy is dissipated into the cooler air stream raising the temperature. The fluid/gas is transported from one side of the heat pipe to the other through pressure, wick forces or gravity, depending on the arrangement of the heat pipe.
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798:. One of the most effective ways to reduce energy demand is to use energy more efficiently. Therefore, waste heat recovery is becoming popular in recent years since it improves energy efficiency. About 26% of industrial energy is still wasted as hot gas or fluid in many countries. However, during last two decades there has been remarkable attention to
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data for the ventilation rates within the test room was provided, it can be assumed that due to the high-pressure loss across the heat exchanger that these were significantly reduced from the standard operation of a wind tower. Further investigation of this combined technology is essential in understanding the air flow characteristics of the system.
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comprises a core unit, channels for fresh and exhaust air, and blower fans. Building exhaust air is used as either a heat source or heat sink, depending on the climate conditions, time of year, and requirements of the building. Heat recovery systems typically recover about 60–95% of the heat in the exhaust air and have significantly improved the
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significant level where it can be released back into the air stream. No research has been conducted into the use of PCMs between two airstreams of different temperatures where continuous, instantaneous heat transfer can occur. An investigation into this area would be beneficial for passive ventilation heat recovery research.
352:, or PCMs, are a technology that is used to store sensible and latent heat within a building structure at a higher storage capacity than standard building materials. PCMs have been studied extensively due to their ability to store heat and transfer heating and cooling demands from conventional peak times to off-peak times.
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from one air stream to the other. The efficiency of these devices has reached 90% sensible heat efficiency in transferring sensible heat from one air stream to another. The high levels of efficiency are attributed to the high heat transfer coefficients of the materials used, operational pressure and temperature range.
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Mardiana A, Riffat SB, Worall M. Integrated heat recovery system with windcatcher for building applications: towards energy-efficient technologies. In: Mendez-Vilas A, editor. Materials and processes for energy: communicating current research and technological developments. Badajoz: Formatex
Research
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The majority of research interest in PCMs is the application of phase change material integration into traditional porous building materials such as concrete and wall boards. Kosny et al. analyzed the thermal performance of buildings that have PCM-enhanced construction materials within the structure.
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Flaga-Maryanczyk et al. conducted a study in Sweden which examined a passive ventilation system which integrated a run-around system using a ground source heat pump as the heat source to warm incoming air. Experimental measurements and weather data were taken from the passive house used in the study.
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Mardiana et al. integrated a fixed plate heat exchanger into a commercial wind tower, highlighting the advantages of this type of system as a means of zero energy ventilation which can be simply modified. Full scale laboratory testing was undertaken in order to determine the effects and efficiency of
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The concept of the thermal mass of a building for heat storage, that the physical structure of the building absorbs heat to help cool the air, has long been understood and investigated. A study of PCMs in comparison to traditional building materials has shown that the thermal storage capacity of PCMs
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system. The simulation was validated with a scale model experiment in a closed-loop subsonic wind tunnel. The data obtained from both tests were compared in order to analyze the flow rates. Although the flow rates were reduced compared to a wind tower which did not include a rotary thermal wheel, the
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with these units. Typically the ventilation air stream is around 31 litres per second and the heat recovery is 750W and no more. All additional heat necessary to provide heating and hot water is from electricity, either compressor electrical input or immersion heater. At outside temperatures below 0
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Nearly half of global energy is used in buildings,and half of heating/cooling cost is caused by ventilation when it is done by the "open window" method according to the regulations. Secondly, energy generation and grid is made to meet the peak demand of power. To use proper ventilation; recovery is
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The results from this study indicate that the combination of a wind tower passive ventilation system and a fixed plate heat recovery device could provide an effective combined technology to recover waste heat from exhaust air and cool incoming warm air with zero energy demand. Though no quantitative
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The tempering of incoming fresh air is done by a heat or energy recovery core. In this case, the core is made of aluminum or plastic plates. Humidity levels are adjusted through the transferring of water vapor. This is done with a rotating wheel either containing a desiccant material or permeable
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No full-scale experimental or field test data was completed in this study, therefore it cannot be conclusively proved that rotary thermal wheels are feasible for integration into a commercial wind tower system. However, despite the air flow rate decrease within the building after the introduction of
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When using rotary energy recovery devices the two air streams must be adjacent to one another to allow for the local transfer of energy. Also, there should be special considerations paid in colder climates to avoid wheel frosting. Systems can avoid frosting by modulating wheel speed, preheating the
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During the cooling season, the system works to cool and dehumidify the incoming, outside air. To do this, the system takes the rejected heat and sends it into the exhaust airstream. Subsequently, this air cools the condenser coil at a lower temperature than if the rejected heat had not entered the
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Ground source heat pumps provide a reliable source of consistent thermal energy when buried 10–20 m below the ground surface. The ground temperature is warmer than the ambient air in winter and cooler than the ambient air in summer, providing both a heat source and a heat sink. It was found that in
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than other heat recovery systems. Commercial wind towers were again used as the passive ventilation system for integrating this heat recovery technology. This further enhances the suggestion that commercial wind towers provide a worthwhile alternative to mechanical ventilation, capable of supplying
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are the most commonly used type of heat exchanger and have been developed for 40 years. Thin metal plates are stacked with a small spacing between plates. Two different air streams pass through these spaces, adjacent to each other. Heat transfer occurs as the temperature transfers through the plate
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The technology patented by
Finnish company RecyclingEnergy Int. Corp. is based on a regenerative plate heat exchanger taking advantage of humidity of air by cyclical condensation and evaporation, e.g. latent heat, enabling not only high annual thermal efficiency but also microbe-free plates due to
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Kosny J, Yarbrough D, Miller W, Petrie T, Childs P, Syed AM, Leuthold D. Thermal performance of PCM-enhanced building envelope systems. In: Proceedings of the ASHRAE/DOE/BTECC conference on the thermal performance of the exterior envelopes of whole buildings X. Clear Water Beach, FL; 2–7 December
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With the variety of products on the market, efficiency will vary as well. Some of these systems have been known to have heat exchange efficiencies as high as 70-80% while others have as low as 50%. Even though this lower figure is preferable to the basic HVAC system, it is not up to par with the
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Run-around systems are hybrid heat recovery system that incorporates characteristics from other heat recovery technology to form a single device, capable of recovering heat from one air stream and delivering to another a significant distance away. The general case of run-around heat recovery, two
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from one fluid to another fluid, from one fluid to a solid, or from a solid surface to a fluid at different temperatures and in thermal contact. There is no direct interaction between fluid and fluid or fluid and solid in most heat recovery systems. In some heat recovery systems, fluid leakage is
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Between 2009 and 2013, some 15,000 brand new social homes were built in the UK with NIBE EAHPs used as primary heating. Owners and housing association tenants reported crippling electric bills. High running costs are usual with exhaust air heat pumps and should be expected, due to the very small
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Rotary thermal wheels are a mechanical means of heat recovery. A rotating porous metallic wheel transfers thermal energy from one air stream to another by passing through each fluid alternately. The system operates by working as a thermal storage mass whereby the heat from the air is temporarily
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and reduces total HVAC equipment capacity, thereby reducing energy consumption. ERV systems enable an HVAC system to maintain a 40-50% indoor relative humidity, essentially in all conditions. ERV's must use power for a blower to overcome the pressure drop in the system, hence incurring a slight
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The Home
Ventilating Institute (HVI) has developed a standard test for any and all units manufactured within the United States. Regardless, not all have been tested. It is imperative to investigate efficiency claims, comparing data produced by HVI as well as that produced by the manufacturer.
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A significant drawback of PCM used in a passive ventilation system for heat recovery is the lack of instantaneous heat transfer across different airstreams. Phase change materials are a heat storage technology, whereby the heat is stored within the PCM until the air temperature has fallen to a
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are a heat recovery device that uses a multi-phase process to transfer heat from one air stream to another. Heat is transferred using an evaporator and condenser within a wicked, sealed pipe containing a fluid which undergoes a constant phase change to transfer heat. The fluid within the pipes
66:
By recovering the residual heat in the exhaust gas, the fresh air introduced into the air conditioning system is preheated (or pre-cooled) before it enters the room, or the air cooler of the air conditioning unit performs heat and moisture treatment. A typical heat recovery system in buildings
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A heat recovery system is designed to supply conditioned air to the occupied space to maintain a certain temperature. A heat recovery system helps keep a house ventilated while recovering heat being emitted from the inside environment. The purpose of heat recovery systems is to transfer the
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The use of modern low-cost gas-phase heat exchanger technology will allow for significant improvements in efficiency. The use of high conductivity porous material is believed to produce an exchange effectiveness in excess of 90%, producing a five times improvement in energy recovery.
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is a measure of heat). As the wheel rotates between the supply and exhaust air streams it picks up heat energy and releases it into the colder air stream. The driving force behind the exchange is the difference in temperatures between the opposing air streams (the thermal gradient).
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Due to the need to use multiple sections, fixed plate energy exchangers are often associated with high pressure drop and larger footprints. Due to their inability to offer a high amount of latent energy transfer these systems also have a high chance of frosting in colder climates.
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self-cleaning/washing method. Therefore, the unit is called an enthalpy recovery ventilator rather than heat or energy recovery ventilator. Company's patented LatentHeatPump is based on its enthalpy recovery ventilator having COP of 33 in the summer and 15 in the winter.
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Energy saving is one of the key issues for both fossil fuel consumption and the protection of the global environment. The rising cost of energy and global warming underlined that developing improved energy systems is necessary to increase energy efficiency while reducing
891:. This type of heat pump requires a certain air exchange rate to maintain its output power. Since the inside air is approximately 20–22 degrees Celsius all year round, the maximum output power of the heat pump is not varying with the seasons and outdoor temperature.
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Energy recovery ventilation (ERV) is the energy recovery process in residential and commercial HVAC systems that exchanges the energy contained in normally exhausted air of a building or conditioned space, using it to treat (precondition) the incoming outdoor
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A CFD model of the passive house was created with the measurements taken from the sensors and weather station used as input data. The model was run to calculate the effectiveness of the run-around system and the capabilities of the ground source heat pump.
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Fixed plate heat exchangers have no moving parts, and consist of alternating layers of plates that are separated and sealed. Typical flow is cross current and since the majority of plates are solid and non permeable, sensible only transfer is the result.
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O’Connor et al. studied the effect that a rotary thermal wheel has on the supply air flow rates into a building. A computational model was created to simulate the effects of a rotary thermal wheel on air flow rates when incorporated into a commercial
1799:
Braun, James E, Kevin B Mercer. "Symposium Papers - OR-05-11 - Energy
Recovery Ventilation: Energy, Humidity, and Economic Implications - Evaluation of a Ventilation Heat Pump for Small Commercial Buildings." ASHRAE Transactions. 111, no. 1,
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or rooftop units or in the exhaust gases of an industrial process, in order to recover the heat energy. Other variants include enthalpy wheels and desiccant wheels. A cooling-specific thermal wheel is sometimes referred to as a Kyoto wheel.
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The rotary air-to-air enthalpy wheel heat exchanger is a rotating cylinder filled with an air permeable material, typically polymer, aluminum, or synthetic fiber, providing the large surface area required for the sensible enthalpy transfer
1604:
Flaga-Maryanczyk, Agnieszka; Schnotale, Jacek; Radon, Jan; Was, Krzysztof (January 2014). "Experimental measurements and CFD simulation of a ground source heat exchanger operating at a cold climate for a passive house ventilation system".
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Vali, Alireza; Simonson, Carey J.; Besant, Robert W.; Mahmood, Gazi (December 2009). "Numerical model and effectiveness correlations for a run-around heat recovery system with combined counter and cross flow exchangers".
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Air leaving the building when the heat pump's compressor is running is usually at around −1° in most versions. Thus, the unit is extracting heat from the air that needs to be changed (at a rate of around a half an
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During the warmer seasons, an ERV system pre-cools and dehumidifies; during cooler seasons the system humidifies and pre-heats. An ERV system helps HVAC design meet ventilation and energy standards (e.g.,
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degrees
Celsius, this type of heat pump removes more heat from a home than it supplies. Over a year around 60% of the energy input to a property with an exhaust air heat pump will be from electricity.
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guideline ventilation rates for occupants in a school or office building were met above an external wind speed of 3 m/s, which is lower than the average wind speed of the UK (4–5 m/s).
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1422:
Nielsen, Toke Rammer; Rose, Jørgen; Kragh, Jesper (February 2009). "Dynamic model of counter flow air to air heat exchanger for comfort ventilation with condensation and frost formation".
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Pulsifer, J. E., A. R. Raffray, and M. S. Tillack. "Improved
Performance of Energy Recovery Ventilators Using Advanced Porous Heat Transfer Media." UCSD-ENG-089. December 2001.
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Many families are still battling with developers to have their EAHP systems replaced with more reliable and efficient heating, noting the success of residents in
Coventry.
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An exhaust air heat pump (EAHP) extracts heat from the exhaust air of a building and transfers the heat to the supply air, hot tap water and/or hydronic heating system (
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The efficiency of an ERV system is the ratio of energy transferred between the two air streams compared with the total energy transported through the heat exchanger.
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and to optimize the units which are used to absorb heat from waste gases. Thus, these attempts enhance reducing of global warming as well as of energy demand.
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February, the coldest month in the climate, the ground source heat pump was capable of delivering almost 25% of the heating needs of the house and occupants.
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devices because they only exchange sensible heat. In other words, all ERVs are HRVs, but not all HRVs are ERVs. It is incorrect to use the terms HRV, AAHX (
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Feldman, D.; Banu, D.; Hawes, D.W. (February 1995). "Development and application of organic phase change mixtures in thermal storage gypsum wallboard".
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Teke, İsmail; Ağra, Özden; Atayılmaz, Ş. Özgür; Demir, Hakan (May 2010). "Determining the best type of heat exchangers for heat recovery".
183:, also known as a rotary heat exchanger, or rotary air-to-air enthalpy wheel, energy recovery wheel, or heat recovery wheel, is a type of
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1916:"Energy performance of air cooling systems considering indoor temperature and relative humidity in different climate zones in China"
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the combined system. A wind tower was integrated with a fixed plate heat exchanger and was mounted centrally in a sealed test room.
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heat energy. Choice of construction materials for the rotor, most commonly polymer, aluminum, or fiberglass, determines durability.
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by operating between two air sources at different temperatures. It is used to reduce the heating and cooling demands of buildings.
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Due to the low-pressure loss of heat pipe systems, more research has been conducted into the integration of this technology into
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Cuce, Pinar Mert; Riffat, Saffa (July 2015). "A comprehensive review of heat recovery systems for building applications".
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air. The specific equipment involved may be called an Energy
Recovery Ventilator, also commonly referred to simply as an
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will increase as the conditions become more extreme (i.e., more hot and humid for cooling and colder for heating).
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Shirani, Arsalan; Merzkirch, Alexander; Roesler, Jennifer; Leyer, Stephan; Scholzen, Frank; Maas, Stefan (2021).
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devices. In contrast, a heat recovery ventilator (HRV) can only transfer sensible heat. HRVs can be considered
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1675:. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). July 2000. p.
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Fehrm, Mats; Reiners, Wilhelm; Ungemach, Matthias (June 2002). "Exhaust air heat recovery in buildings".
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1980:"Experimental and analytical evaluation of exhaust air heat pumps in ventilation-based heating systems"
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Heat recovery ventilation with an earth-to-air heat exchanger, which is essential to achieve German
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Analysis showed that the addition of PCMs is beneficial in terms of improving thermal performance.
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1828:"Sustainable Building Sourcebook." City of Austin’s Green Building Program. Guidelines 3.0. 1994.
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may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
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887:, radiators). This requires at least mechanical exhaust but mechanical supply is optional; see
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Enthalpy plates were introduced in 2006 by Paul, a special company for ventilation systems for
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observed due to pressure differences between fluids, resulting in a mixture of the two fluids.
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Understanding
Ventilation: How to Design, Select, and Install Residential Ventilation Systems.
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rest of its class. Studies are being done to increase the heat transfer efficiency to 90%.
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782:**Total energy exchange only available on hygroscopic units and condensate return units
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94:. Because both temperature and moisture are transferred, ERVs are described as total
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O’Connor, Dominic; Calautit, John Kaiser S.; Hughes, Ben
Richard (February 2016).
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O’Connor, Dominic; Calautit, John Kaiser S.; Hughes, Ben Richard (February 2016).
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and give better indoor air quality (IAQ) and protect buildings, and environment.
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stored within the wheel matrix until it is transferred to the cooler air stream.
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2106:"Victory for neighbours on Tile Hill estate in campaign to have boilers removed"
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Dieckmann, John. "Improving Humidity Control with Energy Recovery Ventilation."
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O’Connor, Dominic; Calautit, John Kaiser; Hughes, Ben Richard (October 2014).
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1549:"A review of heat recovery technology for passive ventilation applications"
1351:"A review of heat recovery technology for passive ventilation applications"
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2573:
1914:
Ge, Fenghua; Guo, Xinglong; Liu, Hongkai; Wang, Jian; Lu, Cuiyin (2013).
733:
275:
242:
230:
of vapor within the opposing air-streams. Typical desiccants consist of
191:
87:
364:
155:
3784:
3706:
3637:
3606:
3481:
3451:
3381:
3331:
3301:
3286:
3261:
3166:
2966:
2862:
2781:
2721:
369:
258:
231:
223:
3743:
3421:
3416:
3366:
3341:
3196:
2992:
2643:
2366:
2156:
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/heat-recovery-efficiency-d_201.html
743:
328:
219:
203:
95:
36:
Ventilation unit with heat pump & ground heat exchanger - cooling
202:
Two types of rotary thermal wheels exist: heat wheels and enthalpy (
3726:
3660:
3161:
2961:
2761:
2736:
2711:
211:
3236:
2908:
2467:
1603:
1410:
927:
280:
1227:"Review on heat recovery technologies for building applications"
1209:
1121:"Review on heat recovery technologies for building applications"
1101:
An Encyclopedia of Architecture & Civil Engineering of China
241:
Enthalpy wheels are the most effective devices to transfer both
3913:
3665:
3471:
3221:
111:
2689:
1392:
Common Questions about Heating and Energy Recovery Ventilators
1309:"A study of passive ventilation integrated with heat recovery"
959:
Please help by removing excessive detail that may be against
3928:
3361:
1099:
Zhongzheng, Lu; Zunyuan, Xie; Qian, Lu; Zhijin, Zhao (2000).
86:
An ERV is a type of air-to-air heat exchanger that transfers
1977:
3436:
3356:
1852:
Heat Pumps for Energy Efficiency and Environmental Progress
1098:
1013:
812:
2010:"Electric Immersion Water Heater Running Costs Calculator"
485:
Cross contamination possible Requires adjacent airstreams
2084:"'Efficient' heating system left families with big bills"
2035:"'Efficient' heating system left families with big bills"
1464:
218:
The enthalpy exchange is accomplished through the use of
190:
positioned within the supply and exhaust air streams of
871:(Note: all units sold in Canada are placed through the
385:
Plate ground heat exchanger inside the foundation walls
226:
which is predominately driven by the difference in the
222:. Desiccants transfer moisture through the process of
1734:
1546:
1348:
1306:
834:
a cost-efficient, sustainable and quick way to reduce
680:
Thermal storage as opposed to instantaneous transfer
585:
Internal fluid should match local climate conditions
2151:
Builder Insight Bulletin - Heat Recovery Ventilation
1271:
1224:
1118:
923:
1822:
1820:
707:
1225:Mardiana-Idayu, A.; Riffat, S.B. (February 2012).
1119:Mardiana-Idayu, A.; Riffat, S.B. (February 2012).
1779:"2.3 The buildings sector - InterAcademy Council"
1342:
4056:
2146:Write-up of Single Room MHRV (SRMHRV) in UK home
1817:
1500:
1421:
1218:
629:Difficult to integrate into existing structures
1468:International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
875:, a standard test equivalent to the HVI test).
436:
2161:Energy and Heat Recovery Ventilators (ERV/HRV)
2141:Energy and Heat Recovery Ventilators (ERV/HRV)
1401:University of Minnesota Extension. 1999. 2010.
1194:
823:
376:
27:Method of reusing thermal energy in a building
2675:
2181:
688:Difficulty in selecting appropriate material
269:
2195:
1913:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1177:
1175:
487:Mechanically driven, requiring energy input
1165:The Healthy House Institute. Staff. "ERV".
662:Easy incorporation into building materials
423:
4070:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
3442:High efficiency glandless circulating pump
2691:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
2682:
2668:
2188:
2174:
1699:
1103:. China Architecture & Building Press.
815:is responsible for one-third of the total
800:recover waste heat from various industries
2131:Animation explaining simply how HRV works
1803:
1214:. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1210:Ramesh K. Shah, Dusan P. Sekulic (2003).
1172:
979:Learn how and when to remove this message
579:Heat recovery in two directions possible
344:
3876:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
2281:Environmentally healthy community design
1954:"How does an air source heat pump work?"
1702:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
1556:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
1480:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.07.020
1358:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
1231:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
1125:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
878:
785:
380:
363:
279:
162:
159:Diagramatic operation of a thermal wheel
154:
31:
994:Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre
514:No moving parts hence high reliability
14:
4057:
1503:Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
1274:International Journal of Refrigeration
1019:List of low-energy building techniques
841:
627:Multiple pumps required to move fluid
3749:Programmable communicating thermostat
2663:
2169:
1845:
1672:ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook
1664:"Chapter 44: Air-Air Energy Recovery"
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1212:Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design
805:
410:
407:and exhausting air at the same time.
3871:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
2086:. BBC News online. 10 September 2012
1848:"Exhaust air heat pumps experiences"
1757:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.10.021
1444:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.03.006
1114:
1112:
1110:
939:
531:Limited to two separate air streams
529:High pressure loss across exchanger
122:
49:mechanical ventilation heat recovery
2014:Sust-it - simply efficient shopping
537:Frost building up in cold climates
24:
3732:Minimum efficiency reporting value
2418:waste-water treatment technologies
1860:10.1016/b978-0-444-81534-7.50027-9
1529:
811:In most industrialized countries,
623:Multiple sources of heat recovery
568:No moving parts, high reliability
525:Sensible and latent heat recovery
475:Sensible and latent heat recovery
25:
4116:
3774:Standard temperature and pressure
3487:Packaged terminal air conditioner
3023:Passive daytime radiative cooling
2752:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
2403:agricultural wastewater treatment
2124:
2108:. Coventry Telegraph. 31 May 2013
1107:
253:air, or stop/jogging the system.
2843:Absorption-compression heat pump
2356:
944:
926:
849:coefficient of performance (COP)
708:Types of energy recovery devices
147:This section is an excerpt from
141:
3738:Normal temperature and pressure
3118:Vapor-compression refrigeration
2484:List of energy storage projects
2408:industrial wastewater treatment
2261:Environmental impact assessment
2231:Environmental impact assessment
2098:
2076:
2053:
2027:
2002:
1984:Journal of Building Engineering
1971:
1946:
1907:
1882:
1839:
1793:
1771:
1728:
1693:
1656:
1641:
1597:
1582:
1494:
1458:
1415:
1404:
1384:
1049:Seasonal thermal energy storage
516:High heat transfer coefficient
397:
359:
1854:, Elsevier, pp. 177–181,
1300:
1265:
1203:
1188:
1159:
1092:
13:
1:
3886:Testing, adjusting, balancing
3830:Building information modeling
3825:Building services engineering
3402:Ground-coupled heat exchanger
2930:Demand controlled ventilation
2878:Building insulation materials
1940:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.04.007
1627:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.09.008
1328:10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.05.050
1286:10.1016/s0140-7007(01)00035-4
1169:4 June 2009. 9 December 2009.
1085:
854:
828:
335:
323:
3447:High-pressure cut-off switch
2998:Ice storage air conditioning
2919:Dedicated outdoor air system
1515:10.1016/0927-0248(94)00168-r
961:Knowledge's inclusion policy
437:Advantages and disadvantages
106:), and ERV interchangeably.
7:
3790:Thermostatic radiator valve
3592:Thermostatic radiator valve
3103:Underfloor air distribution
3038:Radiant heating and cooling
2956:Energy recovery ventilation
2868:Automobile air conditioning
2732:Domestic energy consumption
2266:Environmental impact design
1783:www.interacademycouncil.net
1737:Applied Thermal Engineering
1424:Applied Thermal Engineering
1390:Huelman, Pat, Wanda Olson.
919:
824:Energy recovery ventilation
664:Offset peak energy demands
615:Airstreams can be separate
583:Requires close air streams
377:Fixed plate heat exchangers
10:
4121:
3939:Institute of Refrigeration
3820:Architectural technologist
3292:Electrostatic precipitator
2624:High-performance buildings
1996:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102638
1714:10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.087
1568:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.039
1370:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.039
1243:10.1016/j.rser.2011.09.026
1199:. The Fairmont Press, Inc.
1137:10.1016/j.rser.2011.09.026
594:Arrangement/configuration
273:
270:Fixed plate heat exchanger
146:
4001:
3992:Volatile organic compound
3967:
3894:
3851:Environmental engineering
3815:Architectural engineering
3798:
3646:
3617:Ultra-low particulate air
3202:Automatic balancing valve
3149:
3130:Variable refrigerant flow
2982:Heat recovery ventilation
2925:Deep water source cooling
2835:
2697:
2619:Heat recovery ventilation
2604:Environmental remediation
2529:
2432:
2365:
2354:
2221:Climate smart agriculture
2203:
2136:Heat recovery in Industry
1833:28 September 2011 at the
902:
836:global energy consumption
104:air-to-air heat exchanger
41:Heat recovery ventilation
4039:Template:Home automation
3861:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
3557:Solar-assisted heat pump
3157:Air conditioner inverter
2936:Displacement ventilation
2827:Vapour pressure of water
2812:Thermal destratification
2609:Glass in green buildings
2553:sustainable architecture
2197:Environmental technology
1890:"Exhaust air heat pumps"
1064:Sustainable architecture
796:greenhouse gas emissions
481:Frost control available
136:
4034:World Refrigeration Day
3881:Refrigerant reclamation
3810:Architectural acoustics
3754:Programmable thermostat
3686:Clean air delivery rate
3582:Thermal expansion valve
3497:Pressurisation ductwork
3407:Ground source heat pump
2848:Absorption refrigerator
2062:NIBE on Rip Off Britain
1958:www.heatpumpchooser.com
1195:S. C. Sugarman (2005).
738:Total** & sensible
715:Energy recovery device
670:No cross contamination
659:Phase change materials
617:No cross contamination
570:No cross contamination
522:Frost control possible
519:No cross contamination
456:Performance Parameters
4024:Glossary of HVAC terms
3986:Sick building syndrome
3866:Mechanical engineering
3577:Smoke exhaust ductwork
3008:Mixed-mode ventilation
2599:Environmental movement
2296:Sustainability science
2286:Public interest design
2211:Appropriate technology
1054:Solar air conditioning
889:mechanical ventilation
685:Not proven technology
534:Condensation build up
424:Phase change materials
386:
373:
350:Phase change materials
345:Phase change materials
289:
176:
160:
37:
4044:Template:Solar energy
3722:Intelligent buildings
3681:Carbon dioxide sensor
3068:Room air distribution
2888:Central solar heating
2478:hydrogen technologies
2392:Solid waste treatment
879:Exhaust air heat pump
786:Environmental impacts
728:Total & sensible
724:Rotary enthalpy wheel
470:Rotary thermal wheel
384:
367:
283:
166:
158:
35:
4095:Sustainable building
3846:Duct leakage testing
3836:Deep energy retrofit
3780:Thermographic camera
3717:Infrared thermometer
3192:Air source heat pump
3141:Water heat recycling
2707:Air changes per hour
2649:Water heat recycling
2579:Efficient energy use
2569:Conservation biology
2506:Sustainable lighting
2442:Efficient energy use
2256:Environmental Design
2226:Environmental design
1920:Energy and Buildings
1846:Fehrm, Mats (1993),
1607:Energy and Buildings
1474:(25–26): 5827–5840.
1316:Energy and Buildings
1079:Zero energy building
1074:Water heat recycling
692:Impregnation method
171:by Swedish engineer
4100:Energy conservation
4090:Residential heating
4075:Low-energy building
3712:HVAC control system
3702:Home energy monitor
3676:Building automation
3462:Inverter compressor
3124:Variable air volume
3033:Passive ventilation
3003:Kitchen ventilation
2903:Constant air volume
2873:Autonomous building
2634:Nature conservation
2629:Land rehabilitation
2584:Energy conservation
2473:carbon-neutral fuel
2381:dispersion modeling
2065:, 10 September 2012
2041:. 10 September 2012
1932:2013EneBu..64..145G
1894:Energy Saving Trust
1826:Christensen, Bill.
1749:2010AppTE..30..577T
1619:2014EneBu..68..562F
1436:2009AppTE..29..462N
1185:. 50, no. 8, (2008)
1024:Low energy building
897:air change per hour
842:Methods of transfer
543:Operating pressure
462:Pressure Drop (Pa)
459:Efficiency %
404:passive ventilation
3975:Indoor air quality
3919:ASTM International
3856:Hydronic balancing
3633:Wood-burning stove
3512:Radiator reflector
3297:Evaporative cooler
3108:Underfloor heating
3093:Thermal insulation
2452:Energy development
2434:Sustainable energy
2423:water purification
2387:Industrial ecology
1397:2010-12-30 at the
1069:Sustainable design
885:underfloor heating
817:energy consumption
806:Energy consumption
620:Low pressure loss
573:Low pressure loss
411:Run-around systems
387:
374:
290:
192:air-handling units
177:
173:Fredrik Ljungström
161:
116:indoor air quality
38:
4052:
4051:
3968:Health and safety
3547:Scroll compressor
3502:Process duct work
3257:Convection heater
3252:Condensing boiler
3182:Air-mixing plenum
3078:Solar combisystem
2914:Cross ventilation
2717:Building envelope
2657:
2656:
2494:commercialization
1869:978-0-444-81534-7
1197:HVAC fundamentals
989:
988:
981:
780:
779:
718:Type of transfer
705:
704:
667:No pressure loss
549:Flow arrangement
465:Humidity Control
123:Working principle
69:energy efficiency
47:), also known as
16:(Redirected from
4112:
4014:Building science
3769:Smart thermostat
3764:Room temperature
3347:Fireplace insert
3053:Radon mitigation
2951:Electric heating
2946:District heating
2941:District cooling
2858:Air conditioning
2684:
2677:
2670:
2661:
2660:
2594:Energy recycling
2515:electric vehicle
2489:Renewable energy
2463:alternative fuel
2413:sewage treatment
2397:Waste management
2360:
2251:Energy recycling
2246:Electric vehicle
2216:Clean technology
2190:
2183:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1843:
1837:
1824:
1815:
1812:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1785:. Archived from
1775:
1769:
1768:
1743:(6–7): 577–583.
1732:
1726:
1725:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1668:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1553:
1544:
1527:
1526:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1430:(2–3): 462–468.
1419:
1413:
1411:Recycling Energy
1408:
1402:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1355:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1313:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1237:(2): 1241–1255.
1222:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1131:(2): 1241–1255.
1116:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1029:Low-energy house
999:Energy recycling
984:
977:
973:
970:
964:
948:
947:
940:
936:
931:
930:
820:
712:
711:
676:Long life cycle
673:No moving parts
473:High efficiency
444:
443:
236:molecular sieves
228:partial pressure
21:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4080:Energy recovery
4055:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4009:ASHRAE Handbook
3997:
3981:Passive smoking
3963:
3896:
3890:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3648:
3642:
3623:Whole-house fan
3537:Run-around coil
3532:Reversing valve
3477:Mechanical room
3467:Kerosene heater
3457:Infrared heater
3387:Gasoline heater
3327:Fan filter unit
3242:Condensate pump
3227:Centrifugal fan
3145:
3048:Radiant heating
3043:Radiant cooling
3018:Passive cooling
3013:Microgeneration
2883:Central heating
2831:
2807:Thermal comfort
2699:
2693:
2688:
2658:
2653:
2614:Green computing
2589:Energy recovery
2525:
2457:Energy recovery
2447:Electrification
2428:
2374:Air pollution (
2361:
2352:
2199:
2194:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2068:
2066:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1844:
1840:
1835:Wayback Machine
1825:
1818:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1789:on 1 June 2008.
1777:
1776:
1772:
1733:
1729:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1551:
1545:
1530:
1499:
1495:
1463:
1459:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1399:Wayback Machine
1389:
1385:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1270:
1266:
1223:
1219:
1208:
1204:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1117:
1108:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1034:Passive cooling
985:
974:
968:
965:
958:
949:
945:
932:
925:
922:
905:
881:
857:
844:
831:
826:
810:
808:
788:
754:Run around coil
710:
639:Exchanger type
632:Low efficiency
576:Compact design
550:
496:Wheel Porosity
491:Rotation speed
478:Compact design
439:
426:
413:
400:
379:
362:
347:
338:
326:
317:heat exchangers
286:heat exchangers
278:
272:
267:
266:
185:energy recovery
152:
144:
139:
125:
119:energy demand.
61:recovers energy
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4118:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3978:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3804:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3759:Psychrometrics
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3656:Air flow meter
3652:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3432:Heating system
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3412:Heat exchanger
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3377:Gas compressor
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:Expansion tank
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3232:Ceramic heater
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3073:Solar air heat
3070:
3065:
3063:Renewable heat
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2974:
2972:Forced-air gas
2969:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2922:
2916:
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2860:
2855:
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2837:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2822:Thermodynamics
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2792:Psychrometrics
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2747:Gas compressor
2744:
2742:Fluid dynamics
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2695:
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2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2520:hybrid vehicle
2517:
2511:Transportation
2508:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2454:
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2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2293:
2291:Sustainability
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2271:Green building
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2236:Eco-innovation
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2125:External links
2123:
2120:
2119:
2097:
2075:
2052:
2026:
2001:
1970:
1945:
1906:
1881:
1868:
1838:
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1802:
1792:
1770:
1727:
1692:
1686:978-1883413804
1685:
1655:
1640:
1596:
1581:
1528:
1509:(2): 147–157.
1493:
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1414:
1403:
1383:
1341:
1299:
1280:(4): 439–449.
1264:
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1202:
1187:
1183:ASHRAE Journal
1171:
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1106:
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1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1059:Solar air heat
1056:
1051:
1046:
1044:Renewable heat
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1009:Heat exchanger
1006:
1004:Green building
1001:
996:
990:
987:
986:
952:
950:
943:
938:
937:
921:
918:
904:
901:
880:
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873:R-2000 program
856:
853:
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840:
830:
827:
825:
822:
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804:
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778:
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613:
609:
608:
605:
602:
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587:
581:
566:
562:
561:
558:
555:
552:
541:Material type
539:
527:
512:
508:
507:
504:
501:
498:
489:
483:
471:
467:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
453:Disadvantages
451:
448:
438:
435:
425:
422:
412:
409:
399:
396:
378:
375:
361:
358:
346:
343:
337:
334:
325:
322:
302:passive houses
274:Main article:
271:
268:
188:heat exchanger
153:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
130:thermal energy
124:
121:
71:of buildings.
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4106:
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3899:
3897:organizations
3893:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:Duct cleaning
3839:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
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3797:
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3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Control valve
3690:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3612:Turning vanes
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Thermal wheel
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:Solar chimney
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
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3508:
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3500:
3498:
3495:
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3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
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3463:
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3443:
3440:
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3425:
3423:
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3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
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3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
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3363:
3360:
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3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Fan coil unit
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:Cooling tower
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
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3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
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3213:
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3208:
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3200:
3198:
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3188:
3185:
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3180:
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3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Vapor barrier
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:Solar heating
3086:
3084:
3083:Solar cooling
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Refrigeration
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:Passive house
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
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2968:
2965:
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2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Chilled water
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
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2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2797:Sensible heat
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2777:Noise control
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:Heat transfer
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2563:New Classical
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2337:refurbishment
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:Sustainable (
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2276:Green vehicle
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:Ecotechnology
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2107:
2101:
2085:
2079:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1659:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1562:: 1481–1493.
1561:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1412:
1407:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1364:: 1481–1493.
1363:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1213:
1206:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1168:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:Passive house
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
983:
980:
972:
969:February 2024
962:
956:
953:This section
951:
942:
941:
935:
934:Energy portal
929:
924:
917:
914:
911:
910:heat recovery
900:
898:
892:
890:
886:
876:
874:
868:
864:
860:
852:
850:
839:
837:
821:
818:
814:
803:
801:
797:
791:
783:
775:
772:
771:
767:
765:
762:
761:
757:
755:
752:
751:
747:
745:
742:
741:
737:
735:
732:
731:
727:
725:
722:
721:
717:
714:
713:
700:
697:
694:
691:
689:
686:
683:
679:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
661:
658:
657:
653:
650:
647:
645:
642:
638:
636:
633:
630:
626:
624:
621:
618:
614:
611:
610:
606:
603:
600:
598:
595:
592:
591:Contact time
588:
586:
582:
580:
577:
574:
571:
567:
564:
563:
559:
556:
553:
551:
547:
544:
540:
538:
535:
532:
528:
526:
523:
520:
517:
513:
510:
509:
505:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:Air velocity
490:
488:
484:
482:
479:
476:
472:
469:
468:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
445:
442:
434:
430:
421:
417:
408:
405:
395:
391:
383:
371:
366:
357:
353:
351:
342:
333:
330:
321:
318:
313:
309:
305:
303:
298:
294:
287:
282:
277:
263:
260:
254:
250:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
213:
207:
205:
200:
196:
193:
189:
186:
182:
181:thermal wheel
174:
170:
169:Air Preheater
165:
157:
150:
149:Thermal wheel
142:Thermal wheel
134:
131:
120:
117:
113:
107:
105:
101:
100:sensible only
97:
93:
92:sensible heat
89:
84:
82:
78:
72:
70:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
30:
19:
18:Heat recovery
4019:Fireproofing
3803:and services
3799:Professions,
3697:Gas detector
3597:Trickle vent
3572:Smoke damper
3567:Smoke canopy
3562:Space heater
3492:Plenum space
3427:Heating film
3307:Exhaust hood
3277:Dehumidifier
3217:Blast damper
3212:Barrier pipe
3187:Air purifier
3098:Thermosiphon
2981:
2977:Free cooling
2893:Chilled beam
2817:Thermal mass
2802:Stack effect
2787:Particulates
2767:Infiltration
2698:Fundamental
2639:Permaculture
2618:
2558:New Urbanism
2530:Conservation
2322:food systems
2307:architecture
2110:. Retrieved
2100:
2088:. Retrieved
2078:
2067:, retrieved
2061:
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2038:
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2013:
2004:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1957:
1948:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1893:
1884:
1873:, retrieved
1851:
1841:
1795:
1787:the original
1782:
1773:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1671:
1658:
1650:2007. p. 1–8
1648:
1643:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1591:Center; 2013
1589:
1584:
1559:
1555:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1406:
1386:
1361:
1357:
1344:
1319:
1315:
1302:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1211:
1205:
1196:
1190:
1182:
1161:
1128:
1124:
1100:
1094:
975:
966:
954:
915:
906:
893:
882:
869:
865:
861:
858:
845:
832:
809:
792:
789:
781:
773:Twin towers
764:Thermosiphon
687:
684:
681:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
644:Heat source
643:
640:
634:
631:
628:
622:
619:
616:
596:
593:
590:
584:
578:
575:
572:
569:
548:
546:Temperature
545:
542:
536:
533:
530:
524:
521:
518:
515:
511:Fixed plate
495:
492:
486:
480:
477:
474:
447:Type of HRV
440:
431:
427:
418:
414:
401:
392:
388:
360:Applications
354:
348:
339:
327:
315:Fixed plate
314:
310:
306:
299:
295:
291:
255:
251:
240:
217:
208:
201:
197:
178:
126:
114:), improves
108:
99:
85:
80:
73:
65:
59:system that
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:
29:
4065:Ventilation
4029:Warm Spaces
3671:Blower door
3649:and control
3647:Measurement
3628:Windcatcher
3602:Trombe wall
3542:Sail switch
3522:Refrigerant
3517:Recuperator
3392:Grease duct
3352:Freeze stat
3337:Fire damper
3207:Back boiler
3177:Air ionizer
3172:Air handler
3136:Ventilation
2988:Hybrid heat
2853:Air barrier
2772:Latent heat
2574:Ecoforestry
2332:procurement
2317:development
2302:agriculture
2090:21 November
2019:1 September
1963:1 September
1926:: 145–153.
1899:22 February
1875:1 September
1708:: 665–682.
1613:: 562–570.
1322:: 799–811.
734:Fixed plate
641:Fluid type
612:Run-around
589:Fluid type
565:Heat pipes
450:Advantages
276:Recuperator
175:(1875–1964)
167:Ljungström
90:as well as
88:latent heat
77:ventilation
57:ventilation
4105:Heat pumps
4059:Categories
3785:Thermostat
3707:Humidistat
3638:Zone valve
3607:TurboSwing
3482:Oil heater
3452:Humidifier
3382:Gas heater
3332:Fan heater
3302:Evaporator
3287:Economizer
3262:Compressor
3167:Air filter
3150:Components
2967:Forced-air
2863:Antifreeze
2836:Technology
2782:Outgassing
2722:Convection
2543:insulation
2536:Building (
2499:transition
2342:technology
2327:industries
2069:23 October
2045:23 October
1990:: 102638.
1086:References
855:Efficiency
829:Importance
682:Expensive
597:Structure
398:Heat pipes
372:standards.
370:Passivhaus
336:Run-around
329:Heat pipes
324:Heat pipes
259:wind tower
232:silica gel
224:adsorption
220:desiccants
3895:Industry
3744:OpenTherm
3422:Heat pump
3417:Heat pipe
3367:Fume hood
3342:Fireplace
3247:Condenser
3197:Attic fan
2993:Hydronics
2644:Recycling
2367:Pollution
2347:transport
1765:1359-4311
1722:1364-0321
1635:0378-7788
1576:1364-0321
1523:0927-0248
1488:0017-9310
1452:1359-4311
1378:1364-0321
1336:0378-7788
1294:0140-7007
1259:108291190
1251:1364-0321
1153:108291190
1145:1364-0321
776:Sensible
768:Sensible
758:Sensible
748:Sensible
744:Heat pipe
284:Types of
204:desiccant
96:enthalpic
4002:See also
3727:LonWorks
3661:Aquastat
3527:Register
3507:Radiator
3162:Air door
2962:Firestop
2762:Humidity
2737:Enthalpy
2727:Dilution
2712:Bake-out
2700:concepts
2039:BBC News
1831:Archived
1395:Archived
920:See also
790:Source:
441:Source:
297:plates.
247:sensible
212:enthalpy
4085:Heating
3801:trades,
3372:Furnace
3237:Chiller
2909:Coolant
2548:natural
2468:biofuel
2401:Water (
2376:control
2204:General
1928:Bibcode
1745:Bibcode
1615:Bibcode
1432:Bibcode
55:) is a
3954:SMACNA
3914:ASHRAE
3734:(MERV)
3688:(CADR)
3666:BACnet
3619:(ULPA)
3472:Louver
3397:Grille
3272:Damper
3222:Boiler
3120:(VCRS)
2921:(DOAS)
2461:Fuel (
2312:design
2112:31 May
1866:
1800:(2005)
1763:
1720:
1683:
1633:
1574:
1521:
1486:
1450:
1376:
1334:
1292:
1257:
1249:
1151:
1143:
903:Issues
648:50-80
554:70-90
243:latent
234:, and
112:ASHRAE
3994:(VOC)
3988:(SBS)
3977:(IAQ)
3934:CIBSE
3929:BSRIA
3832:(BIM)
3776:(STP)
3740:(NTP)
3362:Freon
3132:(VRF)
3126:(VAV)
2984:(HRV)
2958:(ERV)
2932:(DCV)
2905:(CAV)
2538:green
1677:44.17
1667:(PDF)
1552:(PDF)
1354:(PDF)
1312:(PDF)
1255:S2CID
1149:S2CID
635:Cost
557:7-30
503:4-45
137:Types
3949:LEED
3909:AMCA
3904:AHRI
3437:HEPA
3357:Flue
3282:Duct
2114:2013
2092:2012
2071:2022
2047:2022
2021:2022
1965:2022
1901:2024
1877:2022
1864:ISBN
1761:ISSN
1718:ISSN
1681:ISBN
1631:ISSN
1572:ISSN
1519:ISSN
1484:ISSN
1448:ISSN
1374:ISSN
1332:ISSN
1290:ISSN
1247:ISSN
1141:ISSN
1014:HVAC
813:HVAC
604:1-5
560:Yes
506:Yes
500:80+
245:and
53:MVHR
3959:UMC
3944:IIR
3924:BRE
3317:Fan
1992:doi
1936:doi
1856:doi
1753:doi
1710:doi
1623:doi
1564:doi
1511:doi
1476:doi
1440:doi
1366:doi
1324:doi
1282:doi
1239:doi
1133:doi
701:No
654:No
651:~1
607:No
601:80
81:ERV
45:HRV
4061::
2037:.
2012:.
1988:44
1986:.
1982:.
1956:.
1934:.
1924:64
1922:.
1918:.
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1862:,
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1967:.
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1326::
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1261:.
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