53:
4595:
4583:
4607:
31:
4571:
1256:. This was a historical breakthrough into the biology of hedylids. In this study, Kendall commented notably "I thought the larvae might represent a satyr species, but when the first larva pupated I was sure it was a pierid. The first adult emerged as a complete surprise. The pupa...is secured by girdle and cremaster, not unlike a pierid".
2014:
424:
analyses shows that skippers are true butterflies and therefore within the clade
Papilionoidea, whereas the hedylids are a sister group that may be closely related to the obtectomeran moths. This is contrary to some earlier studies that had shown both the skippers and hedylids as being nested within
962:
that would help them evade bats at night. They have been shown to exhibit typical moth evasive behaviour towards bats such as erratic spiralling movements and dives. The resting posture is often at a curious angle, with the thorax tilted and the posterior edge of the hindwings nearly touching the
2018:
392:: Oenochrominae, the "Hedylicae". Prout considered they might even merit treatment as their own family. Scoble first considered them to be a hitherto unrecognised group of butterflies and also suggested Hedylidae might possibly constitute the
404:+ Papilionoidea). Weintraub and Miller argued against this placement (but see). In 1995, Weller and Pashley found that molecular data did indeed place Hedylidae with the butterflies and a more comprehensive study in 2005 based on 57 exemplar
1447:
and can defoliate saplings; the biology of this species has been studied and illustrated in some detail. The larva of this species lives about 15 days in 5 instars, the pupal stage lasts about 7 days and the adult lives about 10 days.
428:
Since there are no obvious gaps between supposed species groups, according to basic morphological structure, Scoble (1986) synonymised the five pre-existing genera of
Hedylidae (33 of which had been
2701:
1972:
2547:
2518:
2294:
703:" with "secondary line of weakness" near median "notal" wing process, as in some representatives of Papilionidea and Hesperioidea (potentially unique butterfly character;
2656:
2396:
Beccaloni, G.W. (1997). Ecology, natural history and behaviour of ithomiine butterflies and their mimics in
Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae).
2239:
Ackery, P.R., de Jong, R and Vane-Wright, R.I. (1999). The
Butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidae. Pp. 263-300 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.).
834:
2696:
2329:
1976:
2691:
2544:
2318:
2681:
2579:
2533:
2515:
2298:
4745:
734:
2502:
2039:
2222:
de Jong, R., Vane_Wright, R.I. and Ackery, P.R. 1996. The higher classification of butterflies (Lepidoptera): problems and prospects.
679:
4719:
971:
of the leaf and often skeletonise leaves or at either side produce an untidy patchwork of holes. The elegant pupa is attached by a
2686:
675:
363:, and not a sister group, and are more accurately referred to as butterflies rather than moths. They are represented by a single
2078:
686:
species where there is no functional wing coupling system. The retinaculum is always lost in females, and the frenulum may be
2731:
2477:
2053:
1768:"Synergistic effects of combining morphological and molecular data in resolving the phylogeny of butterflies and skippers"
2671:
2438:
Rydell, J., Kaerma, S., Hedelin, H. and Skals, N. (2004). Evasive response to ultrasound by the crepuscular butterfly
2365:
Biodiversity
Assessment of the Lower Urubamba Region, Peru: Cashiriari-3 Well Site and the Camisea and Urubamba Rivers
2259:
Scoble, M.J., Aiello, A. (1990). Moth-like butterflies (Hedylidae: Lepidoptera): a summary, with comments on the egg.
2243:. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Volume IV/Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
2109:
Scoble, M.J. (1990a). A catalogue of the
Hedylidae (Lepidoptera: Hedyloidea), with descriptions of two new species.
4750:
2651:
1817:"Elusive ditrysian phylogeny: An account of combining systematized morphology with molecular data (Lepidoptera)"
1639:
Weintraub JD, Miller JS (1987). "The structure and affinities of the
Hedyloidea: a new concept of butterflies".
4548:
1264:. More life histories are now known. From these data, known host plants span a wide range of (according to the
2593:
2545:
http://janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu:16080/2700ARCHIVES/Hedylidae/Macrosoma%20conifera/00-SRNP-15830_DHJ55789_f.jpg
2534:
http://janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu:16080/2700ARCHIVES/Hedylidae/Macrosoma%20tipulata/05-SRNP-31301_DHJ404036.jpg
2516:
http://janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu:16080/2700ARCHIVES/Hedylidae/Macrosoma%20cascaria/04-SRNP-56084_DHJ402166.jpg
668:). Unlike other butterflies, however (except the unique case of the remarkable Australian skipper butterfly
951:
4791:
4680:
4543:
520:: Oribatidae). To add to this potential confusion in lists of names, there exist two junior homonyms of
4561:
2618:
Scoble, M.J. (1986). The structure and affinities of the
Hedyloidea: a new concept of the butterflies.
2427:
2379:
Kendall, R.O., (1976). Larval foodplants and life history notes for eight moths from Texas and Mexico.
4685:
1582:
Scoble MJ (1986). "The structure and affinities of the
Hedyloidea: a new concept of the butterflies".
722:"furca" resembling a blunt arrowhead; this a variable but potentially unique character in butterflies;
52:
2724:
2666:
2413:
1380:
1373:
1356:
1349:
1323:
1316:
1292:
1285:
1279:
650:
599:
2604:
827:"crochet" hooks not forming a complete circle, unlike configuration in hesperiids and papilionoids;
780:
butterflies, with the mid and hindlegs used for perching, but apparently redeveloped in hesperiids;
1119:
453:
2276:
Scoble, M.J., 1992. GuĂa de las
Mariposas HedĂlidas de Costa Rica (Lepidoptera: Hedylidae). In:
4623:
2194:
Minet, J. (1991). Tentative reconstruction of the ditrysian phylogeny (Lepidoptera: Glossata).
1439:
1189:
1140:
1126:
1077:
926:, but occasionally some species can be found flying by day. Thus, they may be involved in some
784:
4120:
2676:
1203:
1182:
1175:
1161:
1133:
1105:
1084:
1063:
1014:
797:) and Pieridae, but not in other Papilionoidea except one species (and also independently in
646:
642:
638:
429:
4763:
2661:
4706:
2990:
2982:
2973:
2717:
1828:
1732:
1231:
1147:
1112:
1091:
1007:
1000:
583:
413:
2177:
Scoble, M.J. (1990b). An identification guide to the Hedylidae (Lepidoptera: Hedyloidea).
8:
4661:
4136:
3911:
3903:
1224:
1210:
1196:
1070:
1028:
1021:
670:
1832:
1815:
Heikkilä, Maria; Mutanen, Marko; Wahlberg, Niklas; Sihvonen, Pasi; Kaila, Lauri (2015).
1736:
4786:
1949:
1924:
1900:
1875:
1851:
1816:
1792:
1767:
1705:
1692:
1675:
1656:
1652:
1530:
1497:
1217:
1168:
1154:
1049:
1042:
955:
700:
217:
175:
47:
1876:"Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies"
562:
The eggs of hedylid moths have an upright configuration and are variable in shape: in
4758:
4693:
4587:
3481:
2496:
2367:. SI/MAB Series #2. Smithsonian Institution/MAB Biodiversity Program, Washington, DC.
2082:
2033:
1954:
1905:
1856:
1797:
1748:
1697:
1660:
1535:
1517:
1098:
1056:
1035:
457:
39:
1709:
1601:
Prout LB (1910). "Lepidoptera Heterocera, Fam. Geometridae, Subfam. Oenochrominae".
712:
with horizontal chamber, as in other butterflies (not Papilionidae), but as also in
690:. The family have been fully catalogued and illustrated in an identification guide.
4698:
4462:
3953:
3512:
1944:
1936:
1925:"Phylogenomics provides strong evidence for relationships of butterflies and moths"
1895:
1887:
1846:
1836:
1787:
1779:
1740:
1687:
1648:
1525:
1509:
1498:"Phylogenomics provides strong evidence for relationships of butterflies and moths"
993:
766:
333:
2481:
2459:
Yack, J.E. and Fullard, J.H. (1999). Ultrasonic hearing in nocturnal butterflies.
2057:
4031:
3707:
3584:
3460:
3452:
3418:
3392:
3384:
3051:
3022:
3016:
3007:
2818:
2812:
2800:
2646:
2551:
2522:
1308:
1302:
1288:
963:
substrate (Scoble, 1986). The larvae which lack the prominent horns in the first
529:
385:
2129:
Lourido, G., Silva, N.M., Motta, C.S. 2007. Biological Parameters and Damage by
181:
158:
4646:
4611:
4599:
4575:
4252:
4039:
3717:
3642:
3608:
3566:
3491:
3476:
3119:
1461:
1331:
1272:
972:
947:
923:
808:
Caterpillar with horn-like processes and a "bifid" tail as in many Nymphalidae;
661:
2709:
2641:
1841:
927:
4780:
4480:
4405:
4313:
4260:
4239:
4231:
4102:
3982:
3974:
3694:
3576:
3571:
3561:
3340:
3332:
3319:
3311:
3282:
3243:
3111:
3056:
3043:
3034:
2959:
2951:
2942:
2904:
2898:
2886:
2562:
Janz, N. and Nylin, S. (1998). Butterflies and Plants: A Phylogenetic Study.
1521:
1477:
1465:
1336:
1326:
1265:
959:
879:
871:
846:
773:
763:
602:
509:
397:
360:
356:
352:
127:
420:
as sister to the ("Papilionoidea" + Hesperioidea). However, the most recent
4594:
4499:
4467:
4449:
4397:
4329:
4289:
4089:
4081:
4047:
3932:
3924:
3745:
3735:
3722:
3676:
3668:
3655:
3647:
3634:
3592:
3553:
3543:
3520:
3499:
3468:
3431:
3423:
3410:
3290:
3238:
2784:
1958:
1940:
1909:
1891:
1860:
1801:
1783:
1744:
1701:
1539:
1513:
1469:
1319:
883:
622:
606:
533:
493:
401:
393:
348:
345:
205:
167:
4672:
1752:
1723:
Weller SJ, Pashley DP (September 1995). "In search of butterfly origins".
890:(where there are a full 26 species, up to 12 at a single site: to central
730:
634:
610:
566:
they are particularly narrow and spindle-shaped, resembling those of some
4732:
4655:
4457:
4415:
4339:
4334:
4305:
4273:
4168:
4109:
3945:
3869:
3861:
3848:
3840:
3811:
3761:
3686:
3600:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3507:
3298:
3233:
3161:
3140:
3132:
3082:
2861:
2855:
2843:
2741:
2636:
1429:
1424:
1364:
931:
838:
798:
794:
657:
653:
618:
614:
591:
575:
389:
364:
337:
117:
104:
1452:
and many other species can be found as adults through most of the year.
4523:
4431:
4423:
4376:
4360:
4347:
4321:
4297:
4281:
4202:
4189:
4181:
4160:
4152:
4068:
4060:
4003:
3995:
3961:
3819:
3753:
3740:
3712:
3699:
3621:
3248:
3190:
3095:
2133:
Hübner (Lepidoptera: Hedylidae), in Cupuaçu tree in Amazonas, Brazil.
1352:
842:
757:
719:
706:
587:
547:
538:
501:
4737:
4582:
550:
worm). The sea slug family name "Hedylidae Bergh, 1895" (type species
4475:
4381:
4218:
4210:
3803:
3790:
3774:
3626:
3616:
3402:
3269:
3261:
3217:
3103:
2772:
2760:
1874:
Heikkila, M.; Kaila, L.; Mutanen, M.; Pena, C.; Wahlberg, N. (2011).
1419:
1410:
1399:
1394:
1384:
1376:
1341:
984:
899:
783:
Egg upright, spindle-shaped and ribbed as in some Pieridae (e.g. the
777:
687:
421:
84:
64:
4724:
4617:
2363:
Grados, J. (1998). Pp 119-120 in Alonso, A. and F. Dallmeier (eds).
837:
around the 1st abdominal segment, like in Pieridae (as also in some
787:
butterfly), some other butterflies, and as in some moth groups also;
30:
4640:
4606:
4368:
4144:
3890:
3882:
3827:
3782:
3439:
3357:
3225:
3090:
3073:
2926:
2778:
2620:
Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series
1405:
1369:
1359:
1282:
911:
713:
595:
567:
485:
855:
664:
at the base of the abdomen, but have them on the wings (see under
4389:
4021:
4013:
3730:
2157:. The Natural History Museum and Oxford University Press, London.
1996:
Hammer, M. (1979). Investigations on the oribatid fauna of Java.
1389:
1296:
938:). A few species are white and resemble pierid butterflies (e.g.
907:
891:
818:
517:
477:
469:
858:
lost, as in papilionoids, and a few other groups of Lepidoptera;
4439:
2766:
2754:
1814:
1444:
1346:
1313:
1261:
1253:
968:
964:
895:
875:
861:"Temporal cleavage line" lost in the pupa (as in papilionoids).
824:
753:
94:
74:
4570:
1437:
attacks an economically important local fruit tree "Cupuaçu" (
845:(in which the girdle is around the abdomen), but lost in many
693:
1276:
1269:
821:
812:
802:
790:
709:
579:
409:
4711:
1766:
Wahlberg N, Braby MF, Brower AV, et al. (August 2005).
4163:(gossamer-winged butterflies: blues, coppers and relatives)
975:
and silken girdle and sometimes resembles a bird dropping.
903:
887:
852:
830:
674:, whose males possess these structures), the single-spined
405:
4384:(daggers, sallows, owlet moths, quakers, cutworms, darts)
749:
Abdomen curved (especially in males), as in papilionoids;
1873:
4371:(underwing, tiger, tussock, litter, snout, owlet moths)
2657:
LepIndex list of species and genera in family Hedylidae
2637:
Caterpillars, pupae, butterflies & moths of the ACG
1929:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1880:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1638:
1502:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
793:
with "anal comb", as in some Hesperioidea (not however
756:
segment is strongly "pouched" (Scoble 1986; as also in
1496:
Kawahara, Akito Y.; Breinholt, Jesse W. (2014-08-07).
4559:
1722:
1765:
3822:(castniid moths: giant butterfly-moths, sun moths)
682:are not lost or reduced in males, except in three
359:analysis has suggested Hedylidae is a subgroup of
2342:Sinopsis de los Hedylidae (Lepidoptera) del PerĂş.
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
1922:
1495:
746:Male genitalia relatively "deep" dorso-ventrally;
4778:
2897:
740:"Postspiracular bar" on first abdominal segment;
557:
2811:
2739:
1676:"Hedylidae: a response to Weintraub and Miller"
3015:
2854:
2246:
743:Female genitalic "anterior apophyses" reduced;
2950:
2725:
2155:The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity
1620:Prout LB (1931). "The American Geometridae".
2884:
2375:
2373:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2125:
2123:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
1468:genes "cytochrome oxidase I", and "ND1" and
344:. They have traditionally been viewed as an
2697:Larva of unidentified species 03-SRNP-21689
2359:
2357:
2278:GuĂa de Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2149:
2147:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
737:"1A+2A", unlike the configuration in moths;
694:Butterfly-like characteristics of Hedylidae
376:
4171:(brush-footed, or four-footed butterflies)
2732:
2718:
2692:Larva of unidentified species 79-SRNP-362c
1923:Kawahara, A. Y.; Breinholt, J. W. (2014).
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1239:
633:". Unlike other butterflies, however, the
574:they are more barrel-shaped, like certain
440:. However, a phylogenetic analysis of all
29:
2370:
2160:
2120:
2096:
1948:
1899:
1850:
1840:
1791:
1691:
1581:
1529:
983:This list of species is largely based on
776:lost, thus fused into two elements as in
594:moths. They share many morphological and
4350:(hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms)
2798:
2354:
2270:
2233:
2205:
2144:
1619:
1600:
1248:was originally described from plants of
332:, the "American moth-butterflies", is a
4147:(whites, yellows, orangetips, sulphurs)
1546:
1260:was later also reared on this plant in
946:, it has been found that hedylids have
656:, in which they had been placed by the
4779:
4263:(eggars, snout moths, or lappet moths)
2841:
2501:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2381:Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
2079:"Nomenclator Zoologicus Record Detail"
2038:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1673:
447:
373:with 35 currently recognized species.
4622:
4621:
2924:
2923:
2883:
2840:
2797:
2713:
1725:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2667:Unknown white hedylid from Nicaragua
733:base lying partly under the base of
197:
1584:Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol
1483:
1476:. Some species are currently being
554:Bergh, 1895) is thus also invalid.
13:
3785:(carpenter millers, or goat moths)
3702:(burnet, forester, or smoky moths)
2241:Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies
1998:K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Skr.
1772:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
1693:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1988.tb00470.x
1653:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1987.tb00512.x
1472:"Wingless" and "Ef-1?", including
1433:). The "green lizard caterpillar"
978:
801:), that is used for propulsion of
14:
4803:
3106:(Amazonian primitive ghost moths)
2630:
2340:Lamas, G. and Grados, J. (1998).
1622:The Macrolepidoptera of the World
613:is very long and slim, like many
484:Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 (Diptera:
4605:
4593:
4581:
4569:
1455:
769:joining "marginopleural" sulcus;
660:expert L.B.Prout, hedylids lack
536:; currently placed in the genus
416:characters, recovered the genus
212:35 currently recognised species
51:
3122:(African primitive ghost moths)
2598:
2587:
2573:
2556:
2538:
2527:
2509:
2470:
2453:
2432:
2421:
2407:
2390:
2334:
2323:
2312:
2287:
2188:
2071:
2046:
2007:
1990:
1965:
1916:
1867:
958:to the "Vogel's organ" in some
865:
833:affixed to the substrate via a
617:butterflies of the subfamilies
340:, representing the superfamily
16:Family of moth-like butterflies
3426:(Old World spiny-winged moths)
2330:Image of 1st abdominal segment
2319:Image of 1st abdominal segment
1808:
1759:
1716:
1667:
1632:
1613:
1594:
1489:
924:attracted to artificial lights
665:
598:characteristics with both the
142:Guenée, 1857, nec. Bergh, 1895
1:
4324:(Kentish glory and relatives)
3143:(New Zealand primitive moths)
2682:Barcoding progress and images
2345:Revista Peruviana Entomologia
558:Morphology and identification
384:were previously treated as a
351:of the butterfly superfamily
4470:(oriental swallowtail moths)
3748:(planthopper parasite moths)
917:
811:Caterpillar with "secondary
508:Lioy 1864 or 1865 (Diptera:
7:
4544:Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera
4131:(American moth-butterflies)
4092:(Old World butterfly-moths)
4071:(picture-winged leaf moths)
2821:(mandibulate archaic moths)
2687:Leptree sequencing progress
2054:"Subclass: Opisthobranchia"
1674:Scoble, Malcolm J. (1988).
841:, especially the subfamily
396:of the "true" butterflies (
10:
4808:
4042:(tropical fruitworm moths)
3579:(case-bearers, case moths)
3343:(trumpet leaf miner moths)
3098:(swift moths, ghost moths)
2612:
2605:DNA Barcodes for Macrosoma
2261:Journal of Natural History
805:away from the caterpillar;
590:. Adult hedylids resemble
4630:
4539:
4520:
4492:
4448:
4414:
4359:
4292:(American silkworm moths)
4272:
4251:
4230:
4201:
4180:
4123:(swallowtail butterflies)
4101:
4080:
4059:
4030:
4012:
3994:
3973:
3944:
3923:
3902:
3881:
3860:
3839:
3802:
3793:(dudgeon carpenter moths)
3773:
3685:
3667:
3552:
3502:(false diamondback moths)
3490:
3451:
3413:(burrowing webworm moths)
3401:
3383:
3379:
3356:
3331:
3310:
3281:
3260:
3216:
3189:
3160:
3131:
3081:
3072:
3042:
3033:
3006:
2981:
2972:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2919:
2893:
2879:
2850:
2836:
2807:
2793:
2749:
2702:Nicaraguan hostplants of
2224:Entomologica Scandinavica
2196:Entomologica Scandinavica
2179:Entomologica Scandinavica
2111:Entomologica Scandinavica
1842:10.1186/s12862-015-0520-0
934:(e.g. the female only of
444:species is still needed.
223:
216:
211:
204:
194:
189:
173:
166:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
4284:(Australian lappet moth)
3293:(pigmy, or midget moths)
1821:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1460:A few species have been
625:, hence the name of one
436:) into the single genus
377:Taxonomy and systematics
336:of insects in the order
272:Phellinodes satellitiata
257:Phellinodes satellitiata
3114:(miniature ghost moths)
1240:Biology and host plants
1120:Macrosoma leucophasiata
954:for hearing apparently
942:). Based on a study of
464:(HĂĽbner, 1818) exist, (
454:zoological nomenclature
4493:Superfamily unassigned
3914:(bristle-legged moths)
3463:(ribbed cocoon makers)
3272:(Andean endemic moths)
3228:(fairy longhorn moths)
2284:: v, 30 pp, + 61 figs.
2135:Neotropical Entomology
1941:10.1098/rspb.2014.0970
1892:10.1098/rspb.2011.1430
1784:10.1098/rspb.2005.3124
1745:10.1006/mpev.1995.1022
1514:10.1098/rspb.2014.0970
1440:Theobroma grandiflorum
1275:plants, including the
1246:Macrosoma heliconiaria
1190:Macrosoma satellitiata
1141:Macrosoma minutipuncta
1127:Macrosoma leucoplethes
1078:Macrosoma heliconiaria
944:Macrosoma heliconiaria
317:Lasiopates hyacinthina
4400:(prominents, kittens)
3935:(fringe-tufted moths)
2991:Acanthopteroctetidae
2983:Acanthopteroctetoidea
2295:"Image of bifid tail"
2153:Scoble, M.J. (1995).
1204:Macrosoma stabilinota
1183:Macrosoma rubedinaria
1176:Macrosoma pectinogyna
1162:Macrosoma nigrimacula
1134:Macrosoma lucivittata
1106:Macrosoma lamellifera
1085:Macrosoma hyacinthina
1064:Macrosoma costilunata
1015:Macrosoma albipannosa
936:Macrosoma lucivittata
902:, they also occur in
570:, and in the case of
3912:Schreckensteiniidae
3904:Schreckensteinioidea
3893:(false burnet moths)
3764:(slug, or cup moths)
3322:(Gondwanaland moths)
3301:(white eyecap moths)
3059:(archaic bell moths)
2594:Nucleotide sequences
2398:Tropical Lepidoptera
1368:) and more commonly
1244:The life history of
1232:Macrosoma ustrinaria
1148:Macrosoma muscerdata
1113:Macrosoma leptosiata
1092:Macrosoma intermedia
1008:Macrosoma albimacula
1001:Macrosoma albifascia
967:tend to rest on the
532:, "Acochlidioidea",
4242:(sack bearer moths)
3964:(false plume moths)
3956:(many-plumed moths)
3814:(little bear moths)
3756:(slug caterpillars)
3611:(long-horned moths)
3595:(grass-miner moths)
2993:(archaic sun moths)
2704:Macrosoma semiermis
2672:Hedylidae of Guyana
2444:Naturwissenschaften
2414:A white species of
1886:(1731): 1093–1099.
1833:2015BMCEE..15..260H
1737:1995MolPE...4..235W
1474:Macrosoma semiermis
1225:Macrosoma uniformis
1211:Macrosoma subornata
1197:Macrosoma semiermis
1071:Macrosoma hedylaria
1029:Macrosoma amaculata
1022:Macrosoma albistria
874:south from central
870:Hedylidae range in
671:Euschemon rafflesia
582:resemble (probably
542:Thiele, 1931), and
448:Nomenclatural notes
425:the Papilionoidea.
400:), rather than of (
242:Hedyle heliconiaria
4792:Butterfly families
2582:Macrosoma tipulata
2550:2007-04-11 at the
2521:2007-04-11 at the
2440:Manataria maculata
2131:Macrosoma tipulata
1935:(1788): 20140970.
1508:(1788): 20140970.
1435:Macrosoma tipulata
1415:Byttneria aculeata
1258:Macrosoma cascaria
1250:Byttneria aculeata
1218:Macrosoma tipulata
1169:Macrosoma paularia
1155:Macrosoma napiaria
1050:Macrosoma conifera
1043:Macrosoma cascaria
940:Macrosoma napiaria
815:", as in Pieridae;
456:, numerous junior
302:Hedyle rubedinaria
287:Macrosoma tipulata
176:Macrosoma tipulata
4774:
4773:
4759:Open Tree of Life
4624:Taxon identifiers
4557:
4556:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4484:
4471:
4435:
4427:
4401:
4393:
4385:
4372:
4351:
4343:
4325:
4317:
4309:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4264:
4243:
4222:
4214:
4193:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4114:
4093:
4072:
4051:
4050:(fruitworm moths)
4043:
3986:
3965:
3957:
3936:
3915:
3894:
3873:
3852:
3851:(metalmark moths)
3831:
3830:(clearwing moths)
3823:
3815:
3794:
3786:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3726:
3703:
3659:
3651:
3638:
3637:(concealer moths)
3630:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3539:
3516:
3513:Glyphipterigidae
3503:
3482:Roeslerstammiidae
3472:
3464:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3414:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3323:
3302:
3294:
3273:
3252:
3229:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3144:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3029:
3028:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2968:
2967:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2899:Heterobathmioidea
2875:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2822:
1778:(1572): 1577–86.
1603:Genera Insectorum
1099:Macrosoma klagesi
1057:Macrosoma coscoja
1036:Macrosoma bahiata
894:and southwestern
774:Foreleg pretarsus
564:Macrosoma inermis
546:Malmgren 1865 (a
327:
326:
321:
314:
306:
299:
291:
284:
276:
269:
261:
254:
246:
239:
231:
162:
143:
40:Macrosoma bahiata
4799:
4767:
4766:
4754:
4753:
4741:
4740:
4728:
4727:
4715:
4714:
4702:
4701:
4689:
4688:
4676:
4675:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4619:
4618:
4610:
4609:
4598:
4597:
4586:
4585:
4574:
4573:
4565:
4483:(geometer moths)
4482:
4469:
4463:Pseudobistonidae
4433:
4425:
4399:
4391:
4383:
4370:
4349:
4341:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4283:
4262:
4241:
4220:
4212:
4191:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4113:
4106:
4091:
4070:
4049:
4041:
3984:
3963:
3955:
3934:
3913:
3892:
3871:
3850:
3829:
3821:
3813:
3792:
3784:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3724:
3701:
3657:
3649:
3636:
3628:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3585:Cosmopterigidae
3578:
3537:
3514:
3501:
3470:
3462:
3461:Bucculatricidae
3441:
3433:
3425:
3412:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3342:
3321:
3300:
3292:
3271:
3250:
3227:
3214:
3213:
3187:
3186:
3142:
3121:
3113:
3105:
3097:
3079:
3078:
3058:
3040:
3039:
3013:
3012:
2992:
2979:
2978:
2948:
2947:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2921:
2920:
2905:Heterobathmiidae
2895:
2894:
2881:
2880:
2863:
2852:
2851:
2838:
2837:
2820:
2819:Micropterigidae
2813:Micropterigoidea
2809:
2808:
2795:
2794:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2677:Moths of Jamaica
2652:Kendall 1976 pdf
2607:
2602:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2577:
2571:
2560:
2554:
2542:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2500:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2480:. Archived from
2474:
2468:
2457:
2451:
2436:
2430:
2428:Organ of hearing
2425:
2419:
2411:
2405:
2394:
2388:
2377:
2368:
2361:
2352:
2338:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2297:. Archived from
2291:
2285:
2274:
2268:
2257:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2220:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2175:
2158:
2151:
2142:
2127:
2118:
2107:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2081:. Archived from
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2056:. Archived from
2050:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2017:. Archived from
2011:
2005:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1975:. Archived from
1969:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1903:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1695:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1579:
1544:
1543:
1533:
1493:
1484:Cited literature
994:Macrosoma albida
752:Abdominal first
319:
312:
304:
297:
289:
282:
274:
267:
259:
252:
244:
237:
229:
157:
141:
56:
55:
33:
21:
20:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4762:
4757:
4749:
4744:
4736:
4731:
4723:
4718:
4710:
4705:
4697:
4692:
4684:
4679:
4671:
4669:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4626:
4616:
4604:
4592:
4580:
4568:
4560:
4558:
4553:
4549:Lists by region
4527:
4526:is not a clade.
4522:Note: division
4504:
4488:
4444:
4410:
4355:
4316:(Dryandra moth)
4308:(Brahmin moths)
4268:
4247:
4226:
4197:
4176:
4107:
4105:
4097:
4076:
4055:
4040:Copromorphidae
4032:Copromorphoidea
4026:
4008:
3990:
3969:
3940:
3919:
3898:
3877:
3872:(tortrix moths)
3856:
3835:
3798:
3769:
3725:(flannel moths)
3708:Himantopteridae
3681:
3663:
3609:Lecithoceridae
3603:(twirler moths)
3548:
3486:
3471:(Douglas moths)
3453:Gracillarioidea
3447:
3434:(bagworm moths)
3419:Arrhenophanidae
3397:
3385:Simaethistoidea
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3348:
3327:
3306:
3277:
3256:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3148:
3141:Mnesarchaeidae
3133:Mnesarchaeoidea
3127:
3120:Prototheoridae
3064:
3052:Aenigmatineidae
3025:
3017:Lophocoronoidea
2998:
2964:
2929:
2907:
2889:
2887:Heterobathmiina
2867:
2862:Agathiphagidae
2856:Agathiphagoidea
2846:
2824:
2803:
2789:
2745:
2738:
2662:Moths of Belize
2633:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2588:
2578:
2574:
2561:
2557:
2552:Wayback Machine
2543:
2539:
2532:
2528:
2523:Wayback Machine
2514:
2510:
2494:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2478:"Archived copy"
2476:
2475:
2471:
2458:
2454:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2408:
2395:
2391:
2378:
2371:
2362:
2355:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2313:
2304:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2275:
2271:
2258:
2247:
2238:
2234:
2221:
2206:
2193:
2189:
2176:
2161:
2152:
2145:
2128:
2121:
2108:
2097:
2088:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2063:
2061:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2015:"Archived copy"
2013:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1921:
1917:
1872:
1868:
1813:
1809:
1764:
1760:
1721:
1717:
1672:
1668:
1637:
1633:
1618:
1614:
1599:
1595:
1580:
1547:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1458:
1289:Melastomataceae
1242:
1237:
981:
979:List of species
948:tympanic organs
930:complexes with
920:
868:
696:
662:tympanic organs
560:
530:Opisthobranchia
450:
379:
315:, type species
300:, type species
285:, type species
270:, type species
255:, type species
240:, type species
198:List of species
185:
179:
156:
140:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4805:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4755:
4742:
4729:
4716:
4703:
4690:
4677:
4667:
4652:
4636:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4615:
4614:
4602:
4590:
4578:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4478:
4473:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4429:
4420:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4379:
4374:
4365:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4345:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4303:
4295:
4287:
4278:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4261:Lasiocampidae
4257:
4255:
4253:Lasiocampoidea
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4236:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4216:
4207:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4117:
4115:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4086:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4065:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4045:
4036:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3996:Whalleyanoidea
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:Pterophoridae
3979:
3977:
3975:Pterophoroidea
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3959:
3950:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3929:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3887:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3866:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3845:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3788:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:Megalopygidae
3720:
3718:Somabrachyidae
3715:
3710:
3705:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3658:(timber moths)
3653:
3650:(flower moths)
3645:
3643:Pterolonchidae
3640:
3632:
3629:(mompha moths)
3624:
3619:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3587:(cosmet moths)
3582:
3577:Coleophoridae
3574:
3569:
3567:Batrachedridae
3564:
3558:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3538:(ermine moths)
3536:Yponomeutidae
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3510:
3505:
3496:
3494:
3492:Yponomeutoidea
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3477:Gracillariidae
3474:
3466:
3457:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3442:(fungus moths)
3437:
3429:
3421:
3416:
3407:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3393:Simaethistidae
3389:
3387:
3374:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:Palaephatidae
3316:
3314:
3312:Palaephatoidea
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3296:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3266:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3222:
3220:
3211:
3184:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3112:Palaeosetidae
3109:
3101:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:Neopseustidae
3054:
3048:
3046:
3044:Neopseustoidea
3037:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3023:Lophocoronidae
3021:
3019:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2987:
2985:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2952:Eriocranioidea
2945:
2931:
2930:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2891:
2890:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2860:
2858:
2848:
2847:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2815:
2805:
2804:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2631:External links
2629:
2628:
2627:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2597:
2586:
2572:
2555:
2537:
2526:
2508:
2469:
2452:
2431:
2420:
2406:
2389:
2369:
2353:
2333:
2322:
2311:
2286:
2269:
2245:
2232:
2204:
2187:
2159:
2143:
2119:
2095:
2070:
2045:
2006:
1989:
1964:
1915:
1866:
1807:
1758:
1715:
1666:
1647:(3): 299–304.
1631:
1612:
1593:
1545:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1457:
1454:
1411:Byttnerioideae
1273:dicotyledonous
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
997:
989:
980:
977:
919:
916:
886:from southern
867:
864:
863:
862:
859:
850:
828:
816:
809:
806:
788:
781:
770:
761:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
723:
717:
704:
695:
692:
559:
556:
524:Guenée, 1857:
476:de Haan 1826 (
468:Leach 1819 (a
449:
446:
378:
375:
325:
324:
323:
322:
307:
292:
277:
262:
247:
232:
221:
220:
214:
213:
209:
208:
202:
201:
192:
191:
187:
186:
180:
171:
170:
164:
163:
149:
145:
144:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4804:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4765:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4620:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4525:
4519:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4468:Epicopeiidae
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4406:Oenosandridae
4404:
4402:
4398:Notodontidae
4396:
4394:
4388:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4290:Apatelodidae
4288:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4240:Mimallonidae
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4232:Mimallonoidea
4229:
4223:
4217:
4215:
4213:(snout moths)
4209:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4143:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4121:Papilionidae
4119:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4104:
4103:Papilionoidea
4100:
4094:
4090:Callidulidae
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4082:Calliduloidea
4079:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4048:Carposinidae
4046:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4004:Whalleyanidae
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3985:(plume moths)
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3933:Epermeniidae
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3925:Epermenioidea
3922:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3791:Dudgeoneidae
3789:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3746:Epipyropidae
3744:
3742:
3741:Cyclotornidae
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3695:Heterogynidae
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3669:Galacticoidea
3666:
3660:
3656:Xyloryctidae
3654:
3652:
3648:Scythrididae
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3635:Oecophoridae
3633:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3622:Metachandidae
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3593:Elachistidae
3591:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3575:
3573:
3572:Blastobasidae
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3562:Autostichidae
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3515:(sedge moths)
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3500:Acrolepiidae
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3469:Douglasiidae
3467:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3424:Eriocottidae
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3411:Acrolophidae
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3355:
3345:
3341:Tischeriidae
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3333:Tischerioidea
3330:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:Nepticulidae
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3283:Nepticuloidea
3280:
3274:
3270:Andesianidae
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3262:Andesianoidea
3259:
3253:
3251:(yucca moths)
3247:
3245:
3244:Incurvariidae
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3159:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3104:Neotheoridae
3102:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:Lophocoronina
3005:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2974:Acanthoctesia
2971:
2961:
2960:Eriocraniidae
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2878:
2866:
2864:(kauri moths)
2859:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2823:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2743:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2570:(2): 486-502.
2569:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2512:
2504:
2498:
2484:on 2007-09-28
2483:
2479:
2473:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2404:(2): 103-124.
2403:
2399:
2393:
2387:(4): 264-271.
2386:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2315:
2301:on 2007-04-11
2300:
2296:
2290:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2267:(1): 159-164.
2266:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2085:on 2007-10-07
2084:
2080:
2074:
2060:on 2007-03-31
2059:
2055:
2049:
2041:
2035:
2021:on 2016-03-03
2020:
2016:
2010:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1979:on 2011-07-20
1978:
1974:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1731:(3): 235–46.
1730:
1726:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1470:nuclear genes
1467:
1466:mitochondrial
1463:
1456:DNA sequences
1453:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1337:Malpighiaceae
1334:
1333:
1328:
1327:Euphorbiaceae
1325:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1266:APG II system
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
995:
991:
990:
988:
986:
976:
974:
970:
966:
961:
960:Papilionoidea
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
922:Hedylids are
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
880:South America
877:
873:
872:North America
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
847:Papilionoidea
844:
840:
836:
835:silken girdle
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
810:
807:
804:
800:
796:
792:
789:
786:
782:
779:
775:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
755:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
732:
728:
724:
721:
718:
715:
711:
708:
705:
702:
698:
697:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:
667:
663:
659:
655:
652:
649:. Unlike the
648:
644:
641:, but rather
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:Papilionoidea
601:
600:superfamilies
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
555:
553:
552:Hedyle weberi
549:
545:
541:
540:
535:
531:
528:Bergh, 1895 (
527:
523:
519:
516:Hammer 1979 (
515:
511:
510:Sarcophagidae
507:
503:
499:
495:
492:Brandt 1835 (
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
423:
419:
415:
414:morphological
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:Papilionoidea
395:
391:
387:
383:
374:
372:
371:
366:
362:
361:Papilionoidea
358:
355:, but a 2014
354:
353:Papilionoidea
350:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
318:
311:
308:
303:
296:
293:
288:
281:
278:
273:
266:
263:
258:
251:
248:
243:
236:
233:
228:
225:
224:
222:
219:
215:
210:
207:
203:
200:
199:
193:
188:
183:
178:
177:
172:
169:
165:
160:
155:
154:
150:
147:
146:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:Papilionoidea
126:
124:Superfamily:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4631:
4500:Millieriidae
4481:Geometridae
4450:Geometroidea
4434:(gold moths)
4392:(tuft moths)
4342:(saturniids)
4340:Saturniidae
4330:Eupterotidae
4314:Carthaeidae
4306:Brahmaeidae
4300:(silk moths)
4221:(grass moth)
4192:(teak moths)
4169:Nymphalidae
4155:(metalmarks)
4137:Hesperiidae
4128:
3870:Tortricidae
3862:Tortricoidea
3849:Choreutidae
3841:Choreutoidea
3812:Brachodidae
3762:Limacodidae
3736:Anomoeotidae
3677:Galacticidae
3601:Gelechiidae
3554:Gelechioidea
3544:Ypsolophidae
3521:Heliodinidae
3299:Opostegidae
3239:Heliozelidae
3091:Anomosetidae
3035:Neopseustina
2785:Holometabola
2783:Superorder:
2777:Infraclass:
2703:
2623:
2619:
2600:
2589:
2581:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2558:
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2529:
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2482:the original
2472:
2464:
2460:
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2443:
2439:
2434:
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2364:
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2341:
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2325:
2314:
2303:. Retrieved
2299:the original
2289:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2264:
2260:
2240:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2154:
2141:(1):102-106.
2138:
2134:
2130:
2114:
2110:
2087:. Retrieved
2083:the original
2073:
2062:. Retrieved
2058:the original
2048:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:the original
2009:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1981:. Retrieved
1977:the original
1967:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1587:
1583:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1473:
1459:
1449:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1398:
1388:
1385:Bombacoideae
1363:
1340:
1330:
1320:Malpighiales
1307:
1301:
1295:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
987:characters.
982:
943:
939:
935:
921:
882:through the
869:
866:Distribution
795:Megathyminae
727:median plate
726:
720:Metathoracic
707:Mesothoracic
683:
669:
631:heliconiaria
630:
626:
623:Heliconiinae
607:Hesperioidea
584:convergently
571:
563:
561:
551:
543:
537:
534:Hedylopsidae
525:
521:
513:
505:
497:
494:Coelenterata
489:
481:
473:
465:
461:
451:
441:
437:
433:
427:
422:phylogenetic
417:
402:Hesperioidea
394:sister group
381:
380:
369:
368:
357:phylogenetic
349:sister group
341:
329:
328:
320:Warren, 1905
316:
313:Warren, 1905
309:
305:Walker, 1862
301:
298:Warren, 1894
294:
290:HĂĽbner, 1818
286:
283:Walker, 1862
279:
275:Guenée, 1857
271:
268:Guenée, 1857
264:
260:Guenée, 1857
256:
253:Guenée, 1857
249:
245:Guenée, 1857
241:
238:Guenée, 1857
234:
230:HĂĽbner, 1808
226:
195:
174:
168:Type species
152:
151:
137:
111:
38:
18:
4733:iNaturalist
4656:Wikispecies
4458:Sematuridae
4432:Cimeliidae
4426:(hook-tips)
4424:Drepanidae
4416:Drepanoidea
4348:Sphingidae
4335:Phiditiidae
4322:Endromidae
4298:Bombycidae
4282:Anthelidae
4274:Bombycoidea
4190:Hyblaeidae
4182:Hyblaeoidea
4161:Lycaenidae
4153:Riodinidae
4110:butterflies
4069:Thyrididae
4061:Thyridoidea
3962:Tineodidae
3954:Alucitidae
3946:Alucitoidea
3820:Castniidae
3754:Dalceridae
3700:Zygaenidae
3687:Zygaenoidea
3531:Plutellidae
3526:Lyonetiidae
3508:Bedelliidae
3249:Prodoxidae
3234:Cecidosidae
3096:Hepialidae
3083:Hepialoidea
2801:Zeugloptera
2742:Lepidoptera
2450:(2): 80-83.
1686:(1): 93–6.
1450:M. tipulata
1425:Grewioideae
1365:Zanthoxylum
839:Geometridae
799:Tortricidae
758:Thyatirinae
680:retinaculum
654:Geometridae
647:bipectinate
615:Neotropical
586:) those of
576:Nymphalidae
572:M. tipulata
500:Hope 1837 (
434:Phellinodes
390:Geometridae
365:Neotropical
338:Lepidoptera
250:Phellinodes
118:Obtectomera
105:Lepidoptera
4781:Categories
4588:Arthropods
4524:Monotrysia
4382:Noctuidae
4377:Euteliidae
4361:Noctuoidea
4219:Crambidae
4211:Pyralidae
4203:Pyraloidea
4139:(skippers)
4129:Hedylidae
3713:Lacturidae
3627:Momphidae
3432:Psychidae
2943:Dacnonypha
2771:Subclass:
2761:Arthropoda
2626:: 251-286.
2488:2007-04-07
2467:: 265-266.
2351:: 107-109.
2305:2007-04-07
2185:: 121-158.
2117:: 113-119.
2089:2007-04-15
2064:2007-04-15
2025:2020-01-11
1983:2007-04-15
1973:"Synonymy"
1827:(1): 260.
1680:Cladistics
1641:Cladistics
1590:: 251–286.
1395:Malvoideae
1353:Sapindales
1347:eurosid II
1303:Conostegia
956:homologous
932:Ithomiinae
898:). In the
843:Sterrhinae
785:orange tip
764:"Precoxal"
701:Mesoscutum
619:Ithomiinae
588:Apaturinae
548:polychaete
539:Hedylopsis
502:Coleoptera
342:Hedyloidea
310:Lasiopates
280:Macrophila
85:Arthropoda
24:Hedylidae
4787:Hedylidae
4662:Hedylidae
4632:Hedylidae
4476:Uraniidae
4369:Erebidae
4145:Pieridae
3891:Urodidae
3883:Urodoidea
3828:Sesiidae
3804:Sesioidea
3783:Cossidae
3775:Cossoidea
3617:Lypusidae
3440:Tineidae
3403:Tineoidea
3226:Adelidae
3218:Adeloidea
2925:Suborder
2885:Suborder
2844:Aglossata
2842:Suborder
2799:Suborder
2773:Pterygota
2753:Kingdom:
2580:Image of
2564:Evolution
2416:Macrosoma
2230:: 65-102.
1661:221574665
1522:0962-8452
1462:sequenced
1420:Theobroma
1403:and also
1377:Malvaceae
1342:Byrsonima
1314:eurosid I
973:cremaster
952:forewings
950:on their
918:Behaviour
900:Caribbean
778:nymphalid
688:vestigial
684:Macrosoma
666:Behaviour
629:species "
627:Macrosoma
514:Macrosoma
506:Macrosoma
498:Macrosoma
490:Macrosoma
482:Macrosoma
474:Macrosoma
466:Macrosoma
462:Macrosoma
442:Macrosoma
438:Macrosoma
430:described
418:Macrosoma
382:Hedylidae
370:Macrosoma
330:Hedylidae
295:Hyphedyle
206:Diversity
153:Macrosoma
138:Hedylidae
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
4670:BioLib:
4647:Q1198829
4641:Wikidata
4390:Nolidae
4014:Immoidea
3074:Exoporia
2927:Glossata
2779:Neoptera
2759:Phylum:
2755:Animalia
2744:families
2548:Archived
2519:Archived
2497:cite web
2202:: 69-95.
2034:cite web
2004:(9): 34.
1959:24966318
1910:21920981
1861:26589618
1802:16048773
1710:85579049
1702:34933497
1628:: 1–144.
1609:: 1–119.
1540:24966318
1478:barcoded
1464:for the
1406:Hibiscus
1370:Malvales
1360:Rutaceae
1324:families
1283:Myrtales
985:phenetic
912:Trinidad
731:forewing
714:Cossidae
676:frenulum
658:geometer
643:filiform
635:antennae
605:and the
592:geometer
568:Pieridae
486:Muscidae
458:homonyms
408:, three
227:Epirrita
218:Synonyms
190:Species
134:Family:
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
4612:Biology
4600:Animals
4576:Insects
4562:Portals
4022:Immidae
3731:Aididae
2767:Insecta
2765:Class:
2740:Extant
2642:Hearing
2613:Sources
1950:4083801
1901:3267136
1852:4654798
1829:Bibcode
1793:1560179
1753:8845961
1733:Bibcode
1531:4083801
1390:Ochroma
1345:), the
1335:), and
1312:), the
1297:Miconia
928:mimicry
908:Jamaica
892:Bolivia
878:and in
819:Ventral
725:Second
639:clubbed
637:are un-
611:abdomen
596:genetic
518:Acarina
478:Odonata
470:reptile
412:and 99
265:Venodes
148:Genus:
101:Order:
95:Insecta
91:Class:
4764:256667
4738:325456
4673:507870
4440:Doidae
2461:Nature
1957:
1947:
1908:
1898:
1859:
1849:
1800:
1790:
1751:
1708:
1700:
1659:
1538:
1528:
1520:
1445:Brazil
1430:Luehea
1423:) and
1400:Hampea
1381:tribes
1374:family
1357:family
1350:orders
1332:Croton
1309:Ossaea
1306:, and
1293:genera
1286:family
1262:Panama
1254:Mexico
969:midrib
965:instar
910:, and
896:Brazil
884:Amazon
876:Mexico
856:cocoon
825:proleg
822:larval
767:sulcus
760:moths;
754:tergal
651:family
609:. The
580:larvae
578:. The
544:Hedyle
526:Hedyle
522:Hedyle
367:genus
346:extant
334:family
235:Hedyle
184:, 1818
182:HĂĽbner
161:, 1818
159:HĂĽbner
4751:40132
4699:62533
1706:S2CID
1657:S2CID
1443:) in
1317:order
1280:order
1277:rosid
1270:rosid
853:Pupal
813:setae
803:frass
791:Larva
772:Male
710:aorta
410:genes
386:tribe
112:Clade
4746:NCBI
4725:6951
4720:GBIF
4681:BOLD
2647:Ears
2503:link
2040:link
1955:PMID
1906:PMID
1857:PMID
1798:PMID
1749:PMID
1698:PMID
1536:PMID
1518:ISSN
904:Cuba
888:Peru
831:Pupa
735:vein
678:and
621:and
406:taxa
196:see
4712:831
4707:EoL
4694:CoL
4686:441
2465:403
1945:PMC
1937:doi
1933:281
1896:PMC
1888:doi
1884:279
1847:PMC
1837:doi
1788:PMC
1780:doi
1776:272
1741:doi
1688:doi
1649:doi
1607:104
1526:PMC
1510:doi
1506:281
1393:),
1252:in
729:of
645:or
512:),
504:),
496:),
488:),
480:),
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460:of
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388:of
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