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were built as tall as the nave, creating an expanded sense of space. Heinrich Parler was also responsible for experimental, more lifelike sculptures than had hitherto been created in previous churches. Holy Cross therefore marks an important milestone in late Gothic architecture and sculpture. Father
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Heinrich Parler's architectural style and contemporary sculptural designs were taken up by many other masons and further developed, ranking him as one of the most influential craftsman of the 14th century. What became known as the "Parler style" spread across central Europe and can be seen at
309:), the first of its kind in southern Germany. Rounded pillars with leaf wreath capitals, elongated tracery windows, and complex colored vaults are the first tangible evidence of his new style, which became even more pronounced with the laying of the foundation stone of the
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working with his son Peter. The relationship between the design of the church is strikingly close to the prototype of Holy Cross
Minster. This comparison also applies to the choir of
805:
Hlobil, Ivo (1997). "Heinrich IV. Parler und der
Parlier Henrich. Die Rechnungsbücher des Veitsdoms in Prag beziehen sich auf den Parlier Heinrich, nicht auf Heinrich Parler."
349:, begun in 1366 and today the tallest church in the world, although his family members are more clearly documented as carrying forward the work.
835:
Pinkus, Assaf (2008). "The Parler School of
Southwestern Germany. A reconsideration of fourteenth-century workshops and mass-sculpture."
930:
175:; c. 1310 – c. 1370), was a German architect and sculptor. His masterpiece is Holy Cross Minster, an influential milestone of late
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and son did not live to see the consecration of the church, which took place in 1410. Work continued into the 16th century.
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Parlerbauten – Architektur, Skulptur, Restaurierung: Internationales Parler-Symposium, Schwäbisch Gmünd, 17.-19. Juli 2001
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As was customary, Heinrich the Elder was also responsible for other construction sites in addition to
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Lange, Joseph (1980). "Die
Quirinusskulptur von Heinrich Parler am Petersportal des Kölner Domes."
735:
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Sometime around 1333, Parler was invited to become construction manager of the Holy Cross
Minster (
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Choir of Holy Cross
Minster, showing "Parler style" sculptural details depicting the Old Testament
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417:. Heinrich could have had a brother, the foreman Peter von Reutlingen, who presumably built the
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of master builders and his descendants worked in various parts of central Europe, especially
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between 1300 and 1310, where his earliest known work was supervising the construction of
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The
Geometry of Creation : Architectural Drawing and the Dynamics of Gothic Design
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325:. The number of required internal support columns was therefore reduced and the
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Schmidt, Gerhard (1970). "Peter Parler und
Heinrich IV. Parler als Bildhauer."
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682:(in German), vol. 25, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 177–182
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284:) in Gmünd. Construction had already begun in 1315 to replace an existing
409:. Heinrich's eldest son, Johann Parler the Elder, worked as a builder in
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869:(1). pp. 108–153. ISSN (Online) 2307–2962, ISSN (Print) 0083-9981,
739:(in German), vol. 20, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 70–71
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292:. He amended the plan of this new building and completed the nave as a
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Die
Erneuerung des Augsburger Domes im 14. Jahrhundert und die Parler
317:(1333–1399) began working alongside him on the choir, designed as an
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at the official website of the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd (in German).
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The Gothic World, 1100–1600: A Survey of
Architecture and Art
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Neusser Jahrbuch für Kunst, Kulturgeschichte und Heimatkunde
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Zeitschrift des Deutschen Vereins für Kunstwissenschaft
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Gardner's Art Through the Ages: the Western Perspective
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337:. Although undocumented, he most likely designed the
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at Stuttgart Regional Tourist website (in English).
712:Sculpting simulacra in medieval Germany, 1250–1380
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606:. Vol. 3. New York: Oxford University Press.
603:The Grove encyclopedia of northern Renaissance art
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850:(in German). Stuttgart: Theiss. pp. 29–38.
405:, became one of the greatest architects of the
714:. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company.
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199:, became one of the major architects of the
900:Minister of the Holy Cross Schwäbisch-Gmünd
203:. The family name is derived from the word
42:, Germany. Masterpiece of Heinrich Parler.
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625:. Vol. 1. Boston: Cengage Learning.
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235:Heinrich Parler was probably born in
821:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
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756:. Mineola, N.Y: Dover Publications.
754:A chronology of Western Architecture
321:with chapels lying flat between the
863:Wiener Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte
187:, Germany. Parler also founded the
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802:(in German). 1980, pp. 31–36.
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386:. Examples can also be found in
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24:Heinrich von Gemünd der Ältere
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529:. In: Kaufhold, Martin (ed):
360:St. Martin's Church, Landshut
931:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd
846:Schurr, Marc Carel. (2004).
657:. New York, NY: MetroBooks.
7:
926:14th-century German artists
525:Schurr, Mark Carel (2006).
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817:Nussbaum, Norbert (2000).
695:. New York: Rough Guides.
691:The rough guide to Germany
687:McLachlan, Gordon (2004).
223:Nave of Holy Cross Minster
875:10.7767/wjk.1970.23.1.108
644:. London: B. T. Batsford.
600:Campbell, Gordon (2009).
421:and the Nikolaikirche in
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736:Neue Deutsche Biographie
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366:; St. George's Minster,
921:Architects from Cologne
843:(2008), pp. 49–80.
813:1997, pp. 141–152.
672:Klemm, Alfred (1887), "
401:Heinrich Parler's son,
339:Frauenkirche, Nuremberg
110:Johann Parler the Elder
710:Pinkus, Assaf (2014).
649:Oggins, Robin (1996).
621:Kleiner, Fred (2017).
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134:Nuremberg Frauenkirche
888:Münsterbauverein e.V.
778:Bork, Robert (2011).
640:Harvey, John (1969).
560:Schock-Werner, p. 71.
551:Schock-Werner, p. 70.
516:Schock-Werner, p. 70.
364:St. Lorenz, Nuremberg
288:church with a Gothic
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894:Heilig-Kreuz-Münster
784:. Farnham: Ashgate.
282:Heilig-Kreuz-Münster
38:Holy Cross Minster,
177:Gothic architecture
731:"Parler, Heinrich"
343:Augsburg Cathedral
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131:Holy Cross Minster
916:Gothic architects
498:McLachlan, p. 264
480:McLachlan, p. 264
313:in 1351. His son
266:Holy Roman Empire
241:Cologne Cathedral
185:Baden-Württemberg
160:Heinrich of Gmünd
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307:Hallenkirche
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262:Reichsstädte
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118:Peter Parler
51:c. 1310–1320
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388:Scandinavia
380:Netherlands
368:Dinkelsbühl
347:Ulm Minster
294:hall church
207:, meaning "
201:Middle Ages
195:. His son,
144:Late Gothic
90:Nationality
910:Categories
653:Cathedrals
594:References
423:Reutlingen
407:Gothic era
323:buttresses
319:ambulatory
286:Romanesque
98:Occupation
392:Helsingør
378:from the
299:‹See Tfd›
274:‹See Tfd›
264:) of the
254:‹See Tfd›
165:‹See Tfd›
128:Buildings
101:Architect
59:Free City
752:(2010).
106:Children
427:Germany
396:Denmark
237:Cologne
209:foreman
205:Parlier
193:Bohemia
74:c. 1370
55:Cologne
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807:Umení.
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674:Parler
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411:Zwettl
384:Poland
353:Legacy
327:aisles
303:German
278:German
258:German
169:German
158:(also
140:Design
93:German
61:of the
433:Notes
311:choir
247:, an
245:Gmünd
852:ISBN
823:ISBN
786:ISBN
758:ISBN
716:ISBN
697:ISBN
659:ISBN
627:ISBN
608:ISBN
71:Died
48:Born
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