241:
732:
250:
758:
2059:
51:
2085:
219:; enthusiasm quickly faded and the inaugural production fizzled in February 1938, for a total of just 13 performances. Despite two mini-revivals in Madetoja's lifetime, he considered it the greatest disappointment of his career. Today, the opera is rarely performed and has been supplanted in the operatic repertoire by
303:
National Opera on 17 February 1935, the composer's forty-eighth birthday. The critics hailed it as a "brilliant success", an "undisputed masterpiece of
Madetoja and Finnish opera literature". Nevertheless, the "euphoria" of the initial performance eventually wore off and, to the composer's disappointment,
1275:
According to
Korhonen, while the 1920s featured the rise of Modernism in Finnish music, the national Romanticism was "still alive and well. Sibelius, Melartin, and Madetoja were at the height of their creative powers, and they were admired by the public at large". As such, many Modernist compositions
302:
The death of
Madetoja's mother, Anna, on 26 March 1934, interrupted his work on the opera; the loss so devastated Madetoja that he fell ill and could not travel to Oulu for the funeral. Madetoja completed work on the opera by the end of 1934 and it premiered to considerable fanfare at the Finnish
1280:
libretto from Ackté around 1920 and, after a "high state of inspiration", completed his score in the winter of 1921. After making revisions to the score in
January 1922, Merikanto submitted the work to the board of the Finnish National Opera in the spring. Their rebuke stung Merikanto, and his
1259:
According to
Tawaststjerna, Ackté and Aho had first offered the libretto to Sibelius in November 1912, as Ackté had "felt confident that he would produce something that was both powerful and refined". Interested but noncommittal, Sibelius promised a firm answer within two years. To Ackté's
189:
merchant, Shemeikka. Disillusioned with rural life and seduced by promises of material comfort and romance, Marja runs away with
Shemeikka; Juha, who maintains his wife has been abducted, eventually discovers her betrayal and commits suicide by jumping into the
2019:
287:), had fallen to Madetoja after a series of events: first, Sibelius—ever the believer in "absolute music"—had refused the project in 1914; and, second, in 1922, the Finnish National Opera had rejected a
1298:
In 1939, Madetoja published his Second
Symphony (1918) using the inheritance money from his mother's death to cover the printing costs; as a tribute, he retroactively dedicated the work to her.
1276:
were criticized by critics and a "hostile ... suspicious" public. Many others, were not even performed, "hidden in desk drawers". Merikanto, an emerging modernist composer, likely received the
1512:
Godell, Tom (2001). "Madetoja: Symphony 1; Concert
Overture; Pastoral Suite; Rustic Scenes (Alba 144) / Symphony 2; Ostrobothnians Suite; Juha (excerpts) (Alba 132)".
1218:
excerpts—with their "overhung tragedy and whiplash attack"—are "seriously attractive pieces of music". He concludes that two pieces likely will make their listener "want to catch"
2032:
1114:). The first number is derived from the opera's overture, whereas the second number is drawn from the orchestra music that occurs between Tableaux 1 and 2. In 1998,
1990:
295:
as "too
Modernist" and "too demanding on the orchestra", leading the composer to withdraw the score. Two failures in, Ackté thus turned to Madetoja, the successful
1310:
Refers to the year in which the performers recorded the work; this may not be the same as the year in which the recording was first released to the general public.
2024:
1978:
1181:
579:
1037:
1882:
420:
1854:
1930:
1193:
685:
655:
1023:
549:
511:
484:
390:
279:, and a fourth symphony, each to be his final labor in their respective genres. The former, with a libretto by the famous Finnish soprano,
275:
For
Madetoja, the 1930s brought hardship and disappointment. During this time, he was at work on two new major projects: a second opera,
1628:
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1319:
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818:
Marja refuses, but when she encounters her Mother-in-law, they argue; Marja threatens to leave with the handsome merchant
2105:
1578:
323:
on 19 October 1967) is the more enduringly popular of the two; having been displaced by Merikanto's, Madetoja's
2115:
1017:
950:
2130:
1236:
as "remarkable interludes ... powerfully convey the complex, seething emotions of the central characters".
198:
2120:
2015:
1769:
345:. The principal characters are Juha (baritone), his wife Marja (soprano), and her seducer Shemeikka (tenor).
1621:
812:
Shemeikka sells Juha a silk scarf and golden broach to give to Marja; he accepts far below the market price
2037:
341:
of eleven roles, of which five are for male and six are for female voice types; tableaux 4–6 also include
1492:
299:
of whom was firmly ensconced in the repertoire, to produce a safer, more palatable version of the opera.
2075:
1995:
809:
Shemeikka earns Juha's trust by accepting a good price for the rye; he is offered lodging for the night
742:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1564:(booklet). Arvo Volmer & Oulu Symphony Orchestra. Tampere, Finland: Alba. p. 4–8. ABCD 162.
1555:(booklet). Arvo Volmer & Oulu Symphony Orchestra. Tampere, Finland: Alba. p. 4–6. ABCD 132.
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1983:
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Marja runs down to the rapids, which Shemeikka is departing and climbs "gladly" into his boat
22:
2110:
1947:
731:
8:
1942:
1749:
815:
Secretly, Shemeikka finds Marja and steals a kiss; he asks he to come with him to Karelia
800:
Shemeikka, the Karelian peddler, arrives at Juha's cottage asking if Juha has rye to sell
584:
150:
in three acts—comprising six tableaux—written from 1931 to 1934 by the Finnish composer
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2002:
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He assumes she is Juha's daughter or maid, and is shocked to discover she is his wife
679:
543:
425:
1952:
794:
Juha and Marja are arguing once again; the Marja is unhappy living with the old Juha
767:: over them, Marja escapes with Shemeikka; and in them, a ruined Juha downs himself.
1859:
1698:
288:
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84:
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disappointment, Sibelius declined the project in October 1914, finding its "rural
249:
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1935:
1198:
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Anja, devastated, screams that Marja "went gladly", which Marja confirms to Juha
338:
1920:
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41:
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Kaisa, Juha's maid, runs to her master, screaming that Marja has been abducted
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74:
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1957:
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803:
As Juha goes to the storehouse, Shemeikka flirts with the beautiful Marja
453:
342:
1839:
1714:
1532:
Inventing Finnish Music: Contemporary Composers from Medieval to Modern
757:
284:
166:
101:
50:
1818:
916:
He confronts Shemeikka for abducting Marja and murders him in revenge
622:
478:
186:
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in which the men and women of Shemeikka's household sing and dance.
384:
155:
126:
227:(first performed in 1963), which is based upon the same libretto.
1606:
1262:
958:
925:
Without any reason now to live, he throws himself into the rapids
573:
505:
414:
258:
An advertisement promoting the 17 February 1935 premiere of
159:
143:
1601:. (Robert Layton, English translation). London: Faber and Faber.
1592:. (Robert Layton, English translation). London: Faber and Faber.
737:
Juha and Marja's homeland is the historical Finnish province of
1973:
350:
Roles, character descriptions, voice types, premiere performers
191:
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649:
447:
436:
147:
36:
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Juha accuses Marja of having made him a murder with her lies
181:(Russian territory), and features as its central conflict a
1374:
710:
213:
failed to match the popularity of Madetoja's first opera,
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1429:
1427:
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1423:
1359:
954:
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Only one commercial recording is available of Madetoja's
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
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uncongenial" and wishing to focus on his Fifth Symphony.
1222:
in its entirety. A similarly positive review ran in the
910:
Marja refuses and decides she is going to return to Juha
1493:"Leevi Madetoja: Vol. 1 complete orchestral works"
907:
Anja tells her to put on her best clothes for the feast
834:
Shemeikka's fishing cottage, on an island in the rapids
1420:
1347:
2073:
1408:
1389:
185:
between the farmer Juha, his young wife Marja, and a
1553:
Madetoja Orchestral Works 1: I Have Fought My Battle
913:
Juha arrive at Shemeikka's household and finds Marja
578:
378:
A backwoods Finnish farmer and the husband of Marja
1454:
889:
A feast is prepared in honor of Shemeikka's return.
315:is most associated with Merikanto, whose modernist
158:, a collaboration between Madetoja and the Finnish
1529:
419:
1239:
1050:
2097:
1036:
654:
627:
537:The parish clergyman who married Juha and Marja
1163:
684:
461:
1022:
1010:
797:She threatens to throw herself into the rapids
548:
526:
510:
483:
389:
173:. The story takes place on the border between
1622:
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635:
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463:
452:
1536:. Finnish Music Information Center (FIMIC).
700:
606:
1568:
1562:Madetoja Orchestral Works 4: Laurel Wreaths
1448:
1629:
1615:
1559:
1550:
1433:
1353:
1320:J. Jalas–Ondine (ODE 714–2) 1998
1306:
1304:
567:A former summer sweetheart of Shemeikka's
49:
1142:
989:
1527:
1520:(2). Record Guide Publications: 126–127.
1414:
1402:
1331:A. Volmer–Alba (ABCD 132) 2000
1490:
1460:
1301:
707:Men and women in Shemeikka's entourage
283:(adapted from the 1911 novel by writer
2098:
1511:
1472:
1122:made the world premiere recordings of
953:, having been produced in 1977 by the
209:. Although a success at its premiere,
1610:
763:Rapids are a recurring plot point in
643:A companion in Shemeikka's entourage
16:Opera in three acts by Leevi Madetoja
1974:Finnish Composers' Copyright Society
1285:remained unperformed until 1963 in
965:released this performance as a CD.
749:(not pictured) borders to the east.
13:
1636:
1214:, Rob Barnett argues that the two
1156:
1003:
319:(which the Finnish National Opera
14:
2162:
1090:In 1934, Madetoja excerpted from
945:. It is by the Finnish conductor
2083:
2058:
2057:
1018:Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra
951:Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra
904:Marja feeling sad, rues her fate
756:
730:
441:A proposperous Karelian peddler
307:did not equal the popularity of
248:
239:
1774:
1573:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Tammi.
1324:
1313:
1292:
199:Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra
2126:Operas set in the 19th century
2016:Royal Swedish Academy of Music
1269:
1253:
1240:Notes, references, and sources
502:A servant girl on Juha's farm
177:(Finno-Swedish territory) and
1:
1599:Sibelius: Volume 3, 1914–1957
1590:Sibelius: Volume 2, 1904–1914
1289:, five years after his death.
1228:, with Tom Godell describing
929:
57:
2146:20th-century classical music
2033:Society of Finnish Composers
1597:Tawaststjerna, Erik (1997).
1588:Tawaststjerna, Erik (1986).
955:Finnish Broadcasting Company
7:
2151:Works based on Juha (novel)
1569:Salmenhaara, Erkki (1987).
1560:Pulliainen, Riitta (2001).
1551:Pulliainen, Riitta (2000).
1094:two numbers for orchestra:
859:Shemeikka's fishing cottage
721:
10:
2167:
1497:musicweb-international.com
230:
201:premiered the work at the
112:17 February 1935
20:
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1966:
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1058:Finnish Radio Youth Choir
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361:
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355:
197:On 17 February 1935, the
107:
90:
80:
69:
48:
35:
30:
2106:Operas by Leevi Madetoja
1991:Madetoja School of Music
1905:Helsinki Music Institute
1528:Korhonen, Kimmo (2007).
1499:. MusicWeb International
863:
838:
774:
411:Tableaux 1–2, 4, 6
330:
2116:Finnish-language operas
1812:Family & colleagues
1523:(subscription required)
1171:Oulu Symphony Orchestra
1120:Oulu Symphony Orchestra
444:Tableaux 1–2, 4–6
269:conducted the premiere.
2131:Operas based on novels
2045:University of Helsinki
1212:MusicWeb International
1110:
1100:
381:Tableaux 1, 3, 6
370:17 February 1935
359:Character description
203:Finnish National Opera
171:novel by the same name
123:Finnish National Opera
2121:Operas set in Finland
1514:American Record Guide
1491:Barnett, Rob (2000).
1225:American Record Guide
874:Shemeikka's house in
327:is rarely performed.
73:Leevi Madetoja &
23:Juha (disambiguation)
1647:List of compositions
1101:Traagillinen episodi
141:, Op. 74, is a
21:For other uses, see
2020:Member No. 274
1943:Jukka-Pekka Saraste
1914:Select interpreters
1770:The Garden of Death
1682: (1930s, lost)
1680:Symphony No. 4
1673:Symphony No. 3
1667:Symphony No. 2
1661:Symphony No. 1
1475:, pp. 126–127.
570:Tableaux 4, 6
475:Tableaux 1, 3
462:The Mother-in-law (
352:
205:under the baton of
2005: (biographer)
1707:The Ostrobothnians
1384:Tawaststjerna 1986
1369:Tawaststjerna 1997
882:Serves as a short
785:Juha's cottage in
743:under Swedish rule
646:Tableaux 4–6
408:Juha's young wife
348:
309:The Ostrobothnians
297:The Ostrobothnians
216:The Ostrobothnians
2071:
2070:
2010:Helsingin Sanomat
2003:Erkki Salmenhaara
1979:Oulu Music Center
1948:Georg Schnéevoigt
1543:978-952-5076-61-5
1208:
1207:
1182:Oulu Music Center
1081:
1080:
899:Shemeikka's house
789:, near the border
719:
718:
221:Aarre Merikanto's
134:
133:
64:
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2087:
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2060:
2041:
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1999:
1987:
1967:Related articles
1939:
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1734:Other orchestral
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1449:Salmenhaara 1987
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741:(in blue), then
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597:Ensimäinen tyttö
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580:Mary Hannikainen
559:
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521:
520:
494:
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469:
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353:
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339:comprises a cast
311:. Indeed, today
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28:
27:
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2035:
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1993:
1981:
1962:
1933:
1909:
1895:Armas Järnefelt
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1434:Pulliainen 2001
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1354:Pulliainen 2000
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1234:Rapids Shooting
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1128:Rapids Shooting
1106:Rapids Shooting
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787:Finnish Karelia
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747:Russian Karelia
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724:
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637:Ensimäinen mies
603:Tableau 4
582:
552:
540:Tableau 3
514:
487:
423:
393:
369:
349:
333:
293:Aarre Merikanto
273:
272:
271:
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267:Armas Järnefelt
255:
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233:
223:modernist 1922
207:Armas Järnefelt
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65:
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40:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2164:
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2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2136:Verismo operas
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
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2065:
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2013:
2006:
2000:
1988:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1953:John StorgĂĄrds
1950:
1945:
1940:
1928:
1923:
1921:Robert Kajanus
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1883:Erik Furuhjelm
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1852:
1850:Selim Palmgren
1847:
1845:Erkki Melartin
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1819:L. Onerva
1815:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1800:
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1793:Vincent d'Indy
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1638:Leevi Madetoja
1634:
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1571:Leevi Madetoja
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1542:
1525:
1509:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1477:
1465:
1453:
1451:, p. 279.
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1419:
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1386:, p. 236.
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1230:Tragic Episode
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1124:Tragic Episode
1096:Tragic Episode
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1052:Jorma Hynninen
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895:
894:Tableau 6
891:
890:
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884:divertissement
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869:Tableau 5
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854:Tableau 4
850:
849:Juha's cottage
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844:Tableau 3
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829:Tableau 2
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780:Tableau 1
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56:The composer (
54:
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42:Leevi Madetoja
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1417:, p. 63.
1416:
1415:Korhonen 2007
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368:Premiere cast
354:
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289:first attempt
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183:love triangle
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19:
2008:
1931:Petri Sakari
1926:Jorma Panula
1878:Robert Fuchs
1830:Poul Knudsen
1821: (wife)
1798:CĂ©sar Franck
1768:
1753: (1913)
1748:
1745: (1909)
1740:
1726: (1935)
1722:
1721:
1718: (1927)
1713:
1710: (1924)
1705:
1702: (1910)
1697:
1675: (1926)
1669: (1918)
1663: (1916)
1598:
1589:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1531:
1517:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1496:
1468:
1461:Barnett 2000
1456:
1436:, p. 4.
1410:
1371:, p. 2.
1356:, p. 5.
1349:
1326:
1315:
1294:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1261:
1255:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:Writing for
1209:
1127:
1123:
1105:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1038:Eero Erkkilä
942:
940:
897:
872:
857:
847:
832:
783:
764:
686:Erkki Eklund
670:Second man (
656:Emil Mantila
616:Toinen tyttö
594:First girl (
362:Appearances
335:
334:
324:
316:
312:
308:
304:
301:
296:
276:
274:
262:
214:
210:
196:
179:East Karelia
175:West Karelia
167:Juhani Aho's
142:
137:
136:
135:
94:
18:
2111:1935 operas
2036: [
2023: [
1994: [
1982: [
1958:Arvo Volmer
1934: [
1886: [
1858: [
1835:Toivo Kuula
1777: 1919)
1503:22 November
1473:Godell 2001
1197: [
1185: [
1165:Arvo Volmer
1116:Arvo Volmer
1111:Koskenlasku
1041: [
1027: [
1024:Maija Lokka
1012:Jussi Jalas
961:. In 1998,
947:Jussi Jalas
689: [
673:Toinen mies
659: [
634:First man (
583: [
553: [
550:Bruno Jorma
527:The Vicar (
515: [
512:Karin Ehder
488: [
485:Lahja Linko
454:Alfons Almi
424: [
394: [
391:Toivo Louko
365:Voice type
343:mixed choir
61: 1937
2100:Categories
1840:Eino Leino
1825:Aino Ackté
1786:Influences
1715:Okon Fuoko
1654:Symphonies
1341:References
1139:Orchestra
1136:Conductor
980:Shemeikka
974:Orchestra
971:Conductor
936:Full opera
930:Recordings
285:Juhani Aho
281:Aino Ackté
260:Madetoja's
163:Aino Ackté
116:1935-02-17
102:Juhani Aho
75:Aino Ackté
70:Librettist
623:contralto
479:contralto
321:performed
2063:Category
1871:Teachers
1750:Kullervo
1118:and the
949:and the
722:Synopsis
607:Airi Osa
385:baritone
187:Karelian
156:libretto
127:Helsinki
108:Premiere
91:Based on
81:Language
1483:Sources
1263:verismo
959:Yle TV1
739:Karelia
574:soprano
530:Rovasti
506:soprano
415:soprano
231:History
225:version
160:soprano
144:verismo
114: (
85:Finnish
2141:Operas
2076:Portal
1742:Elegia
1577:
1540:
1178:11:34
1153:Label
1104:) and
1074:Ondine
1065:98:59
1000:Label
986:Choir
977:Marja
963:Ondine
702:Chorus
499:Kaisa
465:Anoppi
405:Marja
356:Roles
192:rapids
154:. The
2090:Opera
2040:]
2027:]
1998:]
1986:]
1938:]
1890:]
1862:]
1761:Piano
1699:Chess
1691:Stage
1287:Lahti
1246:Notes
1201:]
1189:]
1175:1998
1147:Time
1062:1977
1045:]
1031:]
994:Time
983:Juha
864:Act 3
839:Act 2
775:Act 1
693:]
663:]
650:tenor
587:]
564:Anja
557:]
519:]
492:]
448:tenor
437:Uhtua
428:]
398:]
375:Juha
331:Roles
169:1911
148:opera
37:Opera
1775:rev.
1723:Juha
1575:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1505:2022
1283:Juha
1278:Juha
1232:and
1220:Juha
1216:Juha
1194:Alba
1157:Ref.
1143:Rec.
1126:and
1092:Juha
1004:Ref.
990:Rec.
957:for
943:Juha
765:Juha
711:SATB
680:bass
544:bass
336:Juha
325:Juha
317:Juha
313:Juha
305:Juha
277:Juha
263:Juha
211:Juha
138:Juha
96:Juha
31:Juha
291:by
100:by
39:by
2102::
2038:fi
2025:sv
1996:fi
1984:fi
1936:fi
1888:fi
1860:fi
1518:64
1516:.
1495:.
1441:^
1422:^
1391:^
1376:^
1361:^
1303:^
1199:fi
1187:fi
1130:.
1043:fi
1029:fi
715:?
691:fi
676:)
661:fi
640:)
619:)
600:)
585:fi
555:fi
517:fi
490:fi
426:fi
396:fi
265:;
194:.
125:,
58:c.
2078::
2029:)
2018:(
1630:e
1623:t
1616:v
1583:.
1546:.
1507:.
1463:.
1108:(
1098:(
533:)
468:)
118:)
63:)
25:.
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