2082:
437:. Hill's leadership became a case study in the successful management of a capital-intensive business during the economic downturn. In order to ensure that he did not lose his patronage during the crisis, Hill lowered rail tariff shipping rates for farmers and gave credit to many of the businesses he owned so they could continue paying their workers and starting a "10 dollar trip" (equal to $ 339.11 today) for immigrants. He also took strong measures to economize—in just one year, Hill cut the railway's expense of carrying a ton of freight by 13%. Because of these measures, Hill not only stayed in business, but also increased the net worth of his railroad by nearly $ 10,000,000 (equal to $ 339,111,111 today). Meanwhile, nearly every other transcontinental railroad went bankrupt. His ability to ride out the depression garnered him fame and admiration. Hill saved money by repeatedly cutting wages, made possible by a time of deflation when prices were falling generally.
154:
33:
722:
699:
714:
421:
agencies in
Germany and Scandinavia that promoted its lands, and brought families over at low cost. Hill also invested in founding schools and churches for these communities and promoted a variety of progressive techniques to ensure they prospered. This "Dakota Boom" peaked in 1882 as 42,000 immigrants, largely from northern Europe, poured into the Red River Valley running through the region. The rapidly increasing settlement in North Dakota's
2101:
234:
905:. As a result, one feature Hill integrated into the construction of the 1887 company headquarters (the Great Northern General Office Building) was barrel-vaulted ceilings constructed of brick and railroad steel rails that held up a layer of sand several inches deep. The theory was that if a fire broke out and the ceiling caved in, the sand would drop and retard or suppress the fire.
998:
303:(StP&P), had gone bankrupt. The StP&P in particular was caught in an almost hopeless legal muddle. For James Hill it was a golden opportunity. For three years, Hill researched the StP&P and finally concluded that it would be possible to make a good deal of money off the StP&P, provided that the initial capital could be found. Hill teamed up with
445:
which they were not. With these friendly relations established, Hill managed to secure the industrializing
Japanese order for 15,000 tons of rails against competition from England and Belgium. From 1886 to 1905, American exports to Japan leapt from $ 7.7 million a year (equal to $ 261,115,556 today) to $ 51.7 million, equal to $ 1,753,204,444 today.
529:. By the time of his death in 1916, James J. Hill was worth more than $ 63 million, equivalent to $ 1,764,000,000 today, and over $ 200 million in related assets. When his estate was divided his widow received over $ 16 million, and each of his children received almost $ 4 million; $ 1.5 million was paid in income and inheritance taxes.
327:
using his rail lines. When he was looking for the best path for one of his tracks to take, he went on horseback and scouted it personally. Under his management, StPM&M prospered. In 1880, its net worth was $ 728,000 (equal to $ 22,984,717 today); in 1885 it was $ 25,000,000, equal to $ 847,777,778 today.
920:
the premier source for publicly accessible practical business information in the United States, and many SBA programs rely on the Hill
Library's HillSearch service to provide business information resources to small businesses nationwide. The Hill Library has developed numerous online programs and now
489:
Quietly, Harriman began buying stock in
Northern Pacific with the intention of gaining control of Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy. He was within 40,000 shares of control when Hill learned of Harriman's activities and quickly contacted J. P. Morgan, who ordered his men to buy everything they could get
393:
Hill chose to build his railroad north of the competing
Northern Pacific line, which had reached the Pacific Northwest over much more difficult terrain with more bridges, steeper grades, and tunnelling. Hill did much of the route planning himself, travelling over proposed routes on horseback. The key
497:" in the anticipation of a drop in the railroad's price, faced ruin. The threat of a real economic panic loomed. Neither side could win a distinct advantage, and the parties soon realized that a truce would have to be called. The winners of that truce were Hill and Morgan, who immediately formed the
326:
Hill was a hands-on, detail-obsessed manager. A Canadian himself of Scotch-Irish
Protestant ancestry, he brought in many men with the same background into high management. He wanted people to settle along his rail lines, so he sold homesteads to immigrants while transporting them to their new homes
616:
By early 1916, Hill began pouring more attention into philanthropy, donating thousands of dollars to various institutions as he privately struggled with a variety of increasingly painful ailments. His condition deteriorated quickly in mid-May, but even with the help of many respected doctors he was
448:
Leonard says that after 1900 Hill exhibited poor business judgment regarding one
Canadian subsidiary, the Vancouver, Westminster and Yukon Railway Company (VW&Y). He ousted its president John Hendry, thereby worsening the problems, prolonging the delays, and adding to the costs of taking over
334:
believed that the railroads were making too much profit, they might see this as an opportunity to force lowering of the railway tariff rates. Hill avoided this by investing a large portion of the railroad's profit back into the railroad itself—and charged those investments to operating expense. It
908:
Hill was intimately involved in the planning and construction (1914–1916) of a new company headquarters in St. Paul (to be known as the Great
Northern Office Building), which was to house the corporate staffs of the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific and Hill's banking enterprises. The 14-story
444:
In this time he also began to focus his energies on securing trade with Asian countries. He offered
Japanese Industrialists Southern cotton and would even ship it for free if they would compare it with the short staple cotton they were using with the promise of a refund if they were dissatisfied,
420:
The Great
Northern energetically promoted settlement along its lines in North Dakota and Montana, especially by Germans and Scandinavians from Europe. The Great Northern bought its lands from the federal government—it received no land grants—and resold them to farmers at cheap prices. It operated
270:
Because of his previous experiences in shipping and fuel supply, Hill was able to enter both the coal and steamboat businesses. In 1870, he and his partners started the Red River Transportation Company, which offered steam boat transportation between St. Paul and Winnipeg. By 1879 he had a local
398:. The pass had initially been described by Lewis and Clark in 1805, but no one since had been able to find it so Hill hired Santiago Jameson to search it out. Jameson discovered the pass 1889 and it shortened the Great Northern's route by almost one hundred miles. The pass had been discovered by
440:
In 1893, Hill began the process of looking for a source of labor other than Chinese workers. For a brief period of time, he hired Italian and Greek laborers, but company officials were not satisfied with their performance. Hill sent emissaries to the Pacific who found that Japan had the most
741:
was among the city's largest. As with his business dealings, Hill supervised the construction and design himself, hiring and firing several architects in the process. The house has many early electrical and mechanical systems that predate widespread adoption in modern domestic structures.
257:
grocers, for whom he handled freight transfers, especially dealing with railroads and steamboats. Through this work, he learned all aspects of the freight and transportation business. During this period, Hill began to work for himself for the first time. During the winter months when the
955:
is a venture capital fund established in 2016 "aligned with James J. Hill's belief in the cooperation of the production, distribution and exchange of wealth as outlined in his writings". The Hill library owns 75 shares. As of September 2016, the fund is not yet closed.
792:
In order to generate business for his railroad, Hill encouraged European immigrants to settle along his line, often paying for Russian and Scandinavian settlers to travel from Europe. To promote settlement and revenue for his rail business, Hill experimented with
521:.) This ended Hill's ability to maintain competitive rates in Asian countries and in the subsequent two years American trade with Japan and China dropped 40% (or $ 41 million). Hill moved on without the benefit of a central company, and acquired the
768:
in St. Paul and throughout the northwest. Hill's historic home is located next to the cathedral, largely due to the special relationship Hill's wife, a practicing Catholic, had with the Diocese. The Hills maintained close ties with Archbishop
944:
In 1959, Hill High in St. Paul, Minnesota, was established as a school from the funds set aside from Hill's wife for education. The school, which was all-male, consolidated in 1971 with the all-female Archbishop Murray School to form
370:
When there was not enough industry in the areas Hill was building, Hill brought the industry in, often by buying out a company and placing plants along his railroad lines. By 1889, Hill decided that his future lay in expanding into a
189:. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as "The Empire Builder", and died in 1916 with a fortune of about 63 million dollars. His former home,
473:
was the biggest competitor of Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads. Although Great Northern and Northern Pacific were backed by J. P. Morgan and James J. Hill, the Union Pacific was backed not only by its president,
287:. He also bought out bankrupt businesses, built them up again, and then resold them—often gaining a substantial profit. Hill noted that the secret to his success was "work, hard work, intelligent work, and then more work."
386:, running from St. Paul, Minnesota to Seattle, Washington — a distance of more than 1,700 miles (2,700 km) — was completed. The Great Northern was the first transcontinental built without public money and just a few
838:
drive of 1915, which allowed the Allies to purchase much-needed foodstuffs and other supplies. In September 1915, the first public loan, the $ 500,000,000 Anglo-French loan, was floated after negotiations with the
590:
Charlotte Elizabeth (Hill) Slade (1877–1923), who married George T. Slade of New York City and St. Paul, Minnesota. George T. Slade was an executive at The Great Northern Railway and Yale classmate of Louis W.
584:
Clara Anne (Hill) Lindley (1873–1947), who married E. C. Lindley of St. Paul, Minnesota, who was vice-president, counsel general, and a member of the board of directors of the Great Northern Railway.
1644:
2136:
745:
Upon completion of the Summit Avenue residence, Hill had the family's old house, which he had constructed in 1878, razed. After the death of Hill's wife in 1921, the house was donated to the
808:
An enthusiastic conservationist, Hill was invited by President Theodore Roosevelt to a governors' conference on conservation of natural resources, and later appointed to a lands commission.
339:
323:. In May 1879, the St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Manitoba Railway Co. (StPM&M) formed—with James J. Hill as general manager. His first goal was to expand and upgrade even more.
226:
for a short while, where the head gave him free tuition. He was forced to leave school in 1852 due to the death of his father. By the time he had finished, he was adept at math,
869:
also has a common name "Jim Hill Mustard", after the belief by farmers that it was spread from contaminated seed leaking out of railway stock along the railroads he controlled.
540:
tried to merge four times, in 1896, 1901, 1927, and 1955. This last attempt lasted from 1955 until final Supreme Court approval and merger in March 1970, which created the
2176:
894:
671:
In St. Paul, the city's main library building and the adjoining Hill Business Library were funded by him. In addition, he donated to numerous schools, including the
378:"What we want," Hill is quoted as saying, "is the best possible line, shortest distance, lowest grades, and least curvature we can build. We do not care enough for
746:
2171:
843:. Concomitantly, the resulting trade in munitions with England and France carried the United States from a depression in 1914 to boom years in 1915 and 1916.
402:, principal engineer of the Great Northern Railway, in December 1889, and offered an easier route across the Rockies than that taken by the Northern Pacific.
1460:
1835:
1104:
2151:
898:
835:
834:
desperately needed financial support to continue the war effort. To that end, Hill was a major figure in the effort launched by J.P. Morgan to float the
2181:
2141:
2126:
308:
1764:
1651:
412:
iron mining district in Minnesota, along with its rail lines. The Great Northern began large-scale shipment of ore to the steel mills of the Midwest.
812:
2131:
493:
The result was chaos on Wall Street. Northern Pacific stock was forced up to $ 1,000 per share. Many speculators, who had sold Northern Pacific "
335:
was at this point that Hill went from general manager to the official president of StPM&M, and thereafter decided to expand the rail lines.
2161:
581:(1872–1948) of St. Paul, Minnesota, who was named president of the GN in 1907 and board chairman in 1912. He married Maud Van Cortlandt Taylor.
789:, and other educational, religious and charitable organizations. He was the first major donor to the Marquette University School of Medicine.
2146:
964:
1429:
218:) to James Hill Jr. and Ann Dunbar. A childhood accident with a bow and arrow blinded him in the right eye. He had nine years of formal
1676:
1763:
Joslin-Zirngible, Rachel. "James J. Hill: Philanthropy and Reputation in Twentieth Century St. Paul." (PhD Diss. U of Wisconsin 2015)
872:
In 1929, the Great Northern Railway inaugurated a long-distance passenger train extending from Chicago to Seattle, and named it the
2166:
737:
in St. Paul. Over 400 workers labored on the project. Built at a cost of $ 930,000 and with 36,000 square feet (3,300 m), the
549:
514:
2021:
897:, who also built the Hill house on Summit Avenue. The 1887 building was converted between 2000 and 2004 to a 53 unit condo in the
501:
with the aim of tying together their three major rail lines. As the Hill-Morgan alliance formed the Northern Securities Company,
466:
312:
1905:
White, W. Thomas. "A Gilded Age Businessman in Politics: James J. Hill, the Northwest, and the American Presidency, 1884-1912,"
2156:
1589:
672:
283:
business. During this same period, Hill also entered into banking and quickly managed to become member of several major banks'
2007:
1925:
1896:
1730:
1493:
865:
near Stevens Pass in the Cascade Range is named after him, also. The introduced crop weed in Western US wheat-growing areas
545:
526:
517:
as a monopoly. (Ironically, the Burlington Route, Northern Pacific, and Great Northern would later merge in 1970 to form the
1934:
621:, on May 29, 1916. Mary Theresa Hill died in 1922 and was buried next to her husband by the shore of Pleasant Lake on their
279:. In 1867, Hill entered the coal business, and by 1879 it had expanded five times over, giving Hill a local monopoly in the
782:
811:
Drawing on his experience in the development of Minnesota's Iron Range, Hill was, during 1911–1912, in close contact with
560:
In 1867, James J. Hill married Mary Theresa Mehegan, a Roman Catholic (born 1846, New York City); they had ten children:
1937:, Book about Louis W. Hill Sr., son and successor of empire builder James J. Hill at Ramsey County Historical Society.
319:. Together they not only bought the railroad, they also vastly expanded it by bargaining for trackage rights with the
1872:
1413:
1354:
1305:
1208:
1143:
840:
568:
of Washington D.C. and Seattle. Samuel Hill was an executive at the Great Northern Railway when he married Mary Hill.
1112:
457:
With 1901 and the start of the new century, James Hill now had control of both the Great Northern Railway, and the
1998:
1468:
1073:
893:
In 1887, the Great Northern's first company headquarters building was constructed in St. Paul. It was designed by
913:
801:
Russian wheat for Dakota soil and weather conditions. He also ran model experimental farms in Minnesota, such as
1918:
Boosters, Hustlers, and Speculators: Entrepreneurial Culture and the Rise of Minneapolis and St. Paul, 1849-1883
1832:
819:
of London regarding the formation of the Brazilian Iron Ore Company to tap that nation's rich mineral deposits.
1511:
917:
854:
533:
522:
383:
300:
170:
2186:
1551:
750:
541:
518:
1031:
498:
465:, when that railroad went bankrupt in the depression of the mid-1890s). Hill also wanted control of the
513:
Roosevelt sent his Justice Department to sue the Northern Securities Company in 1902. The Supreme Court
2033:
887:
425:
along the Minnesota border between 1871 and 1890 was a major example of large-scale "bonanza" farming.
382:
scenery to spend a large sum of money developing it." Hill got what he wanted, and in January 1893 his
223:
449:
the VW&Y. Hill's top aides were careless about details, bookkeeping, correspondence, and reports.
1975:
1882:
372:
1846:
Conquest and Catastrophe: The Triumph and tragedy of the Great Northern Railway Through Stevens Pass
930:, Hill is the man whom Gatsby's father says Gatsby would have equalled if he had lived long enough.
733:
In 1891, after three years of building, construction was completed on Hill's new family home at 240
153:
2065:
971:
960:
938:
734:
706:
537:
458:
331:
320:
174:
2049:
878:
in his honor. The train served as Great Northern's flagship train, and is still operated today by
330:
One of his challenges at this point was the avoidance of federal action against railroads. If the
262:
was frozen and steamboats could not run, Hill started bidding on other contracts and won several.
230:, and English. His particular talents for English and mathematics would be helpful in his career.
1185:
Claire Strom, "Among Friends: The Power of Ethnicity in the Great Northern Railway Corporation,"
1026:
846:
572:
166:
505:
became president and turned his energies against the great trusts that were monopolizing trade.
2055:
2013:
1437:
1036:
649:
470:
441:
potential in the market of "Oriental Trade," and he decided to capitalize on this opportunity.
1864:
1856:
1276:
805:, to develop superior livestock and crop yields for the settlers locating near his railroads.
575:. His family did not attend the wedding reportedly owing to Marguerite's status as a divorcee.
1690:
1011:
866:
831:
802:
770:
433:
Six months after the railroad reached Seattle came the deep nationwide depression called the
194:
129:
1985:
721:
2121:
2116:
1253:
Don L. Hofsommer, "Ore Docks and Trains: The Great Northern Railway and the Mesabi Range,"
850:
684:
316:
1547:
165:(September 16, 1838 – May 29, 1916) was a Canadian-American railroad director. He was the
8:
883:
858:
738:
702:
692:
661:
618:
479:
284:
246:
190:
82:
32:
1980:
1405:
1399:
1381:
Frank Leonard, "Railroading a Renegade: Great Northern Ousts John Hendry in Vancouver,"
1886:
1814:
1297:
1291:
1020:
979:
946:
902:
826:, Albro Martin, called his "last and greatest role." After the first punishing year of
778:
774:
676:
657:
604:
597:
Rachel (Hill) Boeckmann (1881–1967), who married Egil Boeckmann of St. Paul, Minnesota.
502:
475:
399:
1921:
1892:
1868:
1736:
1726:
1720:
1670:
1409:
1350:
1301:
1269:
1204:
1168:
1139:
862:
726:
259:
182:
1597:
1058:
2086:
2042:
1572:
1016:
1003:
934:
926:
798:
786:
653:
645:
422:
1782:
1490:
982:. It is currently situated in front of More Hall, which is adjacent to the former
2064:
2002:
1962:
1956:
1949:
1839:
1497:
1077:
983:
765:
622:
452:
379:
2071:
1820:
1722:
The Myth of the Robber Barons: A New Look at the Rise of Big Business in America
1950:"James J. Hill; An Inventory of His Papers at the Minnesota Historical Society"
1810:
874:
594:
Ruth (Hill) Beard (1879–1959), who married Anson McCook Beard of New York City.
304:
276:
227:
211:
60:
2048:
2027:
2024:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
600:
Gertrude (Hill) Gavin (1883–1961), who married Michael Gavin of New York City.
2110:
1740:
1172:
761:
680:
578:
494:
434:
296:
186:
119:
1852:
816:
688:
483:
462:
409:
360:
178:
64:
698:
634:
Give me Swedes, snuff and whiskey, and I'll build a railroad through hell.
571:
James Norman "Jimmy" Hill (1870–1932) of New York City, married socialite
827:
794:
565:
395:
242:
139:
134:
390:, and was one of the few transcontinental railroads not to go bankrupt.
245:), Hill decided to permanently move to the United States and settled in
1995:
1910:
1797:
1070:
823:
757:
665:
387:
280:
1861:
The Entrepreneurs: Explorations Within the American Business Tradition
1528:
713:
253:
company, where he worked as a bookkeeper. By 1860, he was working for
1080:
394:
to the Great Northern line was Hill's use of the previously unmapped
356:
352:
254:
250:
2041:
A discussion of Hill's building of the transcontinental railroad by
1827:
Schonberger, Howard. "James J. Hill and the Trade with the Orient."
2095:
1619:
272:
2091:
2008:
The Destruction of a Wealth and Jobs Creator by Parasitical-Elites
1888:
Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America
1243:. Seattle: Nettle Creek Publishing Company. pp. 182, 203–209.
952:
1976:
Mary Theresa Mehegan Hill in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia
1059:
James J. Hill, James J. Hill House, Minnesota Historical Society.
975:
648:. The Democratic Party's continued enchantment with the populist
617:
beyond saving. After falling into a coma, he died in his home in
364:
233:
215:
2029:
Webvideo:James J. Hill and the Building of the Stone Arch Bridge
1576:
338:
2038:
879:
773:, and Hill was a major contributor to the Saint Paul Seminary,
508:
219:
2070:
2010:
A criticism of government intervention in the business of Hill
241:
After working as a clerk in Kentucky (during which he learned
2137:
Emigrants from pre-Confederation Ontario to the United States
668:
and was one of the few supporters of free trade with Canada.
1434:
Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies
882:. using former Great Northern tracks west of St. Paul. The
717:
Portrait of Hill, located in the library of his former home
469:
because of its Midwestern lines and access to Chicago. The
564:
Mary Frances "Mamie" (Hill) Hill (1869–1947), who married
1326:
249:, at the age of 18. His first job in St. Paul was with a
1990:
747:
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis
1516:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 114.
753:
in 1978 and today is operated as a museum and gallery.
652:
led Hill to support Republican presidential candidates
603:
Walter Jerome Hill (1885–1944) of St. Paul, Minnesota.
405:
The Great Northern reached Seattle on January 7, 1893.
351:
Between 1883 and 1889, Hill built his railroads across
1222:
1220:
1996:
James J. Hill and the Building of His Railroad Empire
1981:
James J. Hill in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia
1071:
James J. Hill and the Building of His Railroad Empire
901:. Hill had seen the devastation done downtown by the
408:
In 1898 Hill purchased control of large parts of the
1363:
993:
921:
serves millions of small business owners worldwide.
822:
Near the end of his life, Hill played what a recent
453:
The Northern Pacific and the "short squeeze" of 1901
290:
16:
American railroad promoter and financier (1838–1916)
1749:
Harriman vs Hill: Wall Street's Great Railroad War.
1217:
1203:. Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 366.
587:
Katherine Theresa Hill (1875–1876; died in infancy)
461:(which he had obtained with the help of his friend
307:(the man he had merged steamboat businesses with),
2177:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
1781:
1314:
1275:. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. pp.
1268:
1776:(Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996).
1637:
1404:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp.
2108:
1774:James J. Hill: Empire Builder of the Northwest.
1573:Great Northern Lofts - Condo and Loft Directory
544:. In 1995, Burlington Northern merged with the
173:, which served a substantial area of the Upper
2172:Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad people
1909:vol. 57, no. 4 (Nov. 1988), pp. 439–456.
1784:James J. Hill and the Opening of the Northwest
1491:Harry Elmer Barnes: The World War of 1914–1918
1401:James J. Hill: Empire Builder of the Northwest
1349:. University of California Press. p. 59.
1293:James J. Hill: Empire Builder of the Northwest
1201:James J. Hill and the opening of the Northwest
210:James J. Hill was born September 16, 1838, in
1863:. New York: Weybright & Talley. pp.
1857:"James J. Hill : The Business of Empire"
1695:National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum
965:National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum
346:
1612:
1090:
1088:
509:The Hill Lines survive the trust-busting era
1590:"James Hill legacy a wealth of information"
1587:
1296:. Norman: University of Oklahoma. pp.
2152:Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent
1963:Northern Pacific Railway Corporate Records
1947:
1725:. Herdon, VA: Young America's Foundation.
1527:Sadis, Stephen & Kegley, Kyle (2022).
1054:
1052:
933:Hill and his railway are mentioned in the
428:
31:
2182:Businesspeople from Saint Paul, Minnesota
2142:20th-century American railroad executives
2127:19th-century American railroad executives
1452:
1266:
1085:
909:building cost $ 14 million to construct.
664:(1908 and 1912). Hill was a supporter of
1436:. University of Nebraska. Archived from
1023:, and long time friend of James J. Hill.
916:in St. Paul, which is considered by the
720:
712:
697:
550:Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway
337:
232:
2016:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
1238:
1049:
899:Historic Lowertown District of St. Paul
467:Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad
299:, a number of railroads, including the
2132:People from Wellington County, Ontario
2109:
1986:James J. Hill Washington State History
1957:Great Northern Railway Company Records
1920:. Minnesota Historical Society Press.
1779:
1718:
1675:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1467:. J. William T. Youngs. Archived from
1397:
1393:
1391:
1369:
1332:
1320:
1289:
1226:
1158:
205:
2162:Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway
1915:
1881:
1851:
1513:Origin of Washington geographic names
1509:
1344:
1198:
1152:
644:Politically, Hill was a conservative
546:Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
527:Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway
2147:19th-century Canadian businesspeople
1788:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1756:James J. Hill: a great life in brief
1159:Martin, Joseph E. (2017). "Titans".
1133:
525:lines into Texas. He also built the
265:
2039:The Truth About the "Robber Barons"
1935:Dutiful Son: Louis W. Hill Sr. Book
1388:
1019:railroad executive, founder of the
169:of a family of lines headed by the
13:
1941:
1712:
1232:
984:on campus nuclear reactor building
959:In 1958, he was inducted into the
515:in 1904 ordered it to be dissolved
14:
2198:
1969:
1548:"Hill House: James J. Hill House"
970:A bust of Hill is located on the
841:Anglo-French Financial Commission
291:Entry into Gilded Era railroading
2099:
2073:The New Student's Reference Work
1792:Pyle, Joseph G. "James J. Hill"
1461:"Scandinavians in the Northwest"
996:
628:
478:, but by the extremely powerful
152:
2167:Northern Pacific Railway people
2083:Works by or about James J. Hill
1991:James J. Hill Reference Library
1965:, Minnesota Historical Society.
1959:, Minnesota Historical Society.
1952:. Minnesota Historical Society.
1683:
1588:Todd Nelson (August 12, 2007).
1581:
1565:
1540:
1520:
1503:
1483:
1422:
1375:
1338:
1283:
1260:
1247:
914:James J. Hill Reference Library
679:(aka The Millionaires Club) on
1891:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1796:2#5 (1918), pp. 295–323.
1458:
1192:
1179:
1127:
1097:
1063:
555:
415:
212:Eramosa Township, Upper Canada
1:
2157:Great Northern Railway (U.S.)
2022:James J. Hill Scrapbook, 1916
1577:http://www.yourstpaulhome.com
1109:The Oregon Historical Society
918:Small Business Administration
912:Hill's heirs established the
817:Baring Brothers & Company
523:Colorado and Southern Railway
301:St. Paul and Pacific Railroad
1751:(U of Minnesota Press, 2013)
1552:Minnesota Historical Society
1385:(2007), Issue 155, pp 69-92.
1042:
751:Minnesota Historical Society
542:Burlington Northern Railroad
519:Burlington Northern Railroad
200:
7:
2098:(public domain audiobooks)
2001:September 30, 2019, at the
1536:. Great Northern Filmworks.
1496:September 27, 2007, at the
1430:"Walthill, Thurston County"
1267:Josephson, Matthew (1934).
1076:September 30, 2019, at the
1032:List of railroad executives
1012:Find a Grave, James J. Hill
989:
760:, Hill maintained a strong
675:. Hill was a member of the
639:Attributed to James J. Hill
499:Northern Securities Company
10:
2203:
2066:"Hill, James Jerome"
2050:"Hill, James Jerome"
1907:Pacific Historical Review,
1817:; long scholarly biography
1794:Minnesota History Bulletin
1719:Folsom, Burton W. (2003).
1691:"Hall of Great Westerners"
1620:"Hill Capital Corporation"
888:National Historic Landmark
1805:The Life of James J. Hill
1800:short scholarly biography
1510:Meany, Edmond S. (1923).
1257:(1996) Issue 174, pp 5-25
1239:Speidel, William (1967).
1105:"James J. Hill Biography"
949:in Maplewood, Minnesota.
749:. It was obtained by the
373:transcontinental railroad
151:
146:
125:
114:
106:
98:
90:
71:
42:
30:
23:
1758:(Epicenter Press, 2018).
1624:Hill Capital Corporation
1465:An Historian's Home Page
1398:Malone, Michael (1996).
1290:Malone, Michael (1996).
972:University of Washington
961:Hall of Great Westerners
783:University of St. Thomas
611:
321:Northern Pacific Railway
1916:Wills, Jocelyn (2005).
1134:Hill, James J. (2001).
1027:Pierce Butler (justice)
857:(now a neighborhood of
847:Hillsboro, North Dakota
607:, was named for Walter.
429:Hill Lines in the 1890s
167:chief executive officer
2092:Works by James J. Hill
2056:Encyclopedia Americana
1831:41.4 (1968): 178–190.
1780:Martin, Albro (1976).
1345:Chang, Kornel (2012).
1037:James J. Hill Sapphire
861:), are named for him.
764:relationship with the
730:
718:
710:
709:in St. Paul, Minnesota
650:William Jennings Bryan
642:
534:Great Northern Railway
471:Union Pacific Railroad
384:Great Northern Railway
343:
238:
171:Great Northern Railway
37:James J. Hill in 1916.
1838:May 31, 2023, at the
1803:Pyle, Joseph Gilpin.
1754:Holbrook, Stewart H.
1657:on September 25, 2016
1199:Marin, Albro (1991).
1189:(2009) 48#4 pp 11-17.
939:Hallelujah, I'm a Bum
867:Sisymbrium altissimum
724:
716:
701:
632:
341:
236:
195:Saint Paul, Minnesota
193:, is now a museum in
130:Louis Warren Hill Jr.
1848:, AuthorHouse, 2004.
1772:Malone, Michael P.,
1136:Highways of Progress
855:Hillyard, Washington
851:Hill County, Montana
317:John Stewart Kennedy
110:Mary Theresa Mehegan
2187:Minnesota Democrats
1600:on October 23, 2009
1471:on January 31, 2016
1347:Pacific Connections
1241:Sons of the Profits
1187:Journal of the West
884:James J. Hill House
739:James J. Hill House
693:William Rockefeller
673:Saint Paul Seminary
662:William Howard Taft
619:St. Paul, Minnesota
480:William Rockefeller
285:boards of directors
247:St. Paul, Minnesota
206:Childhood and youth
191:James J. Hill House
83:St. Paul, Minnesota
1844:Sherman, T. Gary,
1530:The EMPIRE BUILDER
1500:at tmh.floonet.net
1459:Osterberg, Ray E.
1335:, p. 414-415.
1021:Hotel del Coronado
947:Hill-Murray School
903:Great Chicago Fire
886:in St. Paul, is a
779:Hamline University
775:Macalester College
731:
719:
711:
703:Hill's former home
677:Jekyll Island Club
658:Theodore Roosevelt
605:Walthill, Nebraska
503:Theodore Roosevelt
476:Edward H. Harriman
400:John Frank Stevens
344:
332:federal government
239:
222:. He attended the
57:September 16, 1838
2014:Biography at the
1927:978-0-87351-510-8
1898:978-0-393-06126-0
1829:Minnesota History
1732:978-0-9630-2031-4
1440:on August 2, 2015
1271:The Robber Barons
1138:. Minerva Group.
863:Jim Hill Mountain
836:Anglo-French Bond
727:Carl Raymond Gray
656:(1896 and 1900),
579:Louis Warren Hill
573:Marguerite Sawyer
266:Young businessman
260:Mississippi River
183:Pacific Northwest
163:James Jerome Hill
160:
159:
94:Canadian-American
47:James Jerome Hill
2194:
2103:
2102:
2087:Internet Archive
2079:
2077:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2043:Thomas DiLorenzo
2030:
1953:
1948:JJ Hill Papers.
1931:
1902:
1878:
1789:
1787:
1744:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1650:. Archived from
1649:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1596:. Archived from
1585:
1579:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1507:
1501:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1395:
1386:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1264:
1258:
1255:Railroad History
1251:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1196:
1190:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1161:Canada's History
1156:
1150:
1149:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1115:on July 29, 2019
1111:. Archived from
1101:
1095:
1092:
1083:
1067:
1061:
1056:
1017:Charles T. Hinde
1006:
1004:Biography portal
1001:
1000:
999:
935:Harry McClintock
927:The Great Gatsby
787:Carleton College
654:William McKinley
646:Bourbon Democrat
640:
538:Northern Pacific
490:their hands on.
459:Northern Pacific
423:Red River Valley
347:"Empire Builder"
275:by merging with
224:Rockwood Academy
156:
78:
61:Eramosa Township
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2063:
2047:
2028:
2003:Wayback Machine
1972:
1944:
1942:Primary Sources
1928:
1899:
1875:
1840:Wayback Machine
1733:
1715:
1713:Further reading
1710:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1645:"Archived copy"
1643:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1586:
1582:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1508:
1504:
1498:Wayback Machine
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1396:
1389:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1288:
1284:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1237:
1233:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1180:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1078:Wayback Machine
1068:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1002:
997:
995:
992:
766:Catholic Church
641:
638:
631:
623:North Oaks farm
614:
558:
511:
455:
431:
418:
380:Rocky Mountains
349:
293:
281:anthracite coal
268:
208:
203:
177:, the northern
138:
133:
102:Railroad tycoon
86:
80:
76:
67:
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2200:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2105:
2104:
2089:
2080:
2061:
2045:
2036:
2025:
2019:
2011:
2005:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1970:External links
1968:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1913:
1903:
1897:
1883:White, Richard
1879:
1873:
1849:
1842:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1801:
1790:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1731:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1682:
1636:
1611:
1580:
1564:
1539:
1519:
1502:
1482:
1451:
1421:
1414:
1387:
1374:
1362:
1355:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1306:
1282:
1259:
1246:
1231:
1216:
1209:
1191:
1178:
1151:
1144:
1126:
1096:
1084:
1062:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1014:
1008:
1007:
991:
988:
875:Empire Builder
813:Gaspard Farrer
797:and worked to
636:
630:
627:
613:
610:
609:
608:
601:
598:
595:
592:
588:
585:
582:
576:
569:
557:
554:
548:to become the
510:
507:
454:
451:
430:
427:
417:
414:
348:
345:
313:George Stephen
305:Norman Kittson
292:
289:
277:Norman Kittson
267:
264:
228:land surveying
207:
204:
202:
199:
158:
157:
149:
148:
144:
143:
127:
123:
122:
118:10, including
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
81:
79:(aged 77)
73:
69:
68:
59:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2199:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1874:0-679-40064-8
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1853:Sobel, Robert
1850:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1821:online review
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1807:(2 vol 1917)
1806:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1747:Haeg, Larry,
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1678:
1672:
1661:September 24,
1653:
1646:
1640:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1506:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1417:
1415:0-8061-2860-7
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1378:
1372:, p. 35.
1371:
1370:Folsom (2003)
1366:
1358:
1356:9780520271685
1352:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1333:Martin (1976)
1329:
1323: Chap.14
1322:
1321:Martin (1976)
1317:
1309:
1307:0-8061-2860-7
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1242:
1235:
1229:, p. 28.
1228:
1227:Folsom (2003)
1223:
1221:
1212:
1210:0-87351-261-8
1206:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1145:0-89499-025-X
1141:
1137:
1130:
1119:September 28,
1114:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
994:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
968:
966:
962:
957:
954:
950:
948:
942:
940:
936:
931:
929:
928:
922:
919:
915:
910:
906:
904:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
876:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
842:
837:
833:
832:Allied Powers
829:
825:
820:
818:
814:
809:
806:
804:
800:
796:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
763:
762:philanthropic
759:
754:
752:
748:
743:
740:
736:
735:Summit Avenue
728:
723:
715:
708:
707:Summit Avenue
704:
700:
696:
694:
690:
687:, along with
686:
682:
681:Jekyll Island
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
635:
629:Hill's legacy
626:
624:
620:
606:
602:
599:
596:
593:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
570:
567:
563:
562:
561:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
506:
504:
500:
496:
491:
487:
485:
481:
477:
472:
468:
464:
460:
450:
446:
442:
438:
436:
435:Panic of 1893
426:
424:
413:
411:
406:
403:
401:
397:
391:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
368:
366:
362:
359:, and across
358:
354:
340:
336:
333:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:Panic of 1873
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
263:
261:
256:
252:
248:
244:
235:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
198:
196:
192:
188:
187:United States
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
155:
150:
145:
141:
136:
131:
128:
124:
121:
120:Louis W. Hill
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
74:
70:
66:
62:
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:James J. Hill
22:
19:
2072:
2054:
2015:
1917:
1906:
1887:
1860:
1845:
1828:
1815:online vol 2
1811:online vol 1
1804:
1793:
1783:
1773:
1755:
1748:
1721:
1700:November 22,
1698:. Retrieved
1694:
1685:
1659:. Retrieved
1652:the original
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1623:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1598:the original
1594:Star Tribune
1593:
1583:
1567:
1557:December 16,
1555:. Retrieved
1542:
1529:
1522:
1512:
1505:
1485:
1475:December 21,
1473:. Retrieved
1469:the original
1464:
1454:
1442:. Retrieved
1438:the original
1433:
1424:
1400:
1382:
1377:
1365:
1346:
1340:
1328:
1316:
1292:
1285:
1270:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1240:
1234:
1200:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1167:(5): 47–53.
1164:
1160:
1154:
1135:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:the original
1108:
1099:
1065:
969:
958:
953:Hill Capital
951:
943:
932:
925:
923:
911:
907:
895:James Brodie
892:
873:
871:
845:
821:
810:
807:
791:
771:John Ireland
755:
744:
732:
689:J. P. Morgan
670:
660:(1904), and
643:
633:
615:
559:
531:
512:
492:
488:
484:Jacob Schiff
463:J. P. Morgan
456:
447:
443:
439:
432:
419:
410:Mesabi Range
407:
404:
392:
377:
369:
361:North Dakota
350:
342:Hill c. 1890
329:
325:
309:Donald Smith
294:
269:
240:
237:Hill c. 1856
209:
179:Great Plains
162:
161:
142:(son-in-law)
77:(1916-05-29)
75:May 29, 1916
65:Upper Canada
18:
2122:1916 deaths
2117:1838 births
1629:January 26,
1604:February 7,
1094:Pyle. 1918.
828:World War I
795:agriculture
566:Samuel Hill
556:Family life
416:Settlements
396:Marias Pass
388:land grants
295:During the
243:bookkeeping
140:Samuel Hill
135:Jerome Hill
91:Nationality
2111:Categories
1444:August 23,
1383:BC Studies
980:Washington
974:campus in
824:biographer
803:North Oaks
758:Protestant
666:free trade
181:, and the
137:(grandson)
132:(grandson)
99:Occupation
53:1838-09-16
1741:260332319
1173:1920-9894
1081:Railserve
1043:Footnotes
799:hybridize
756:Though a
725:Hill and
357:Wisconsin
353:Minnesota
255:wholesale
251:steamboat
220:schooling
201:Biography
147:Signature
126:Relatives
2096:LibriVox
1999:Archived
1911:In JSTOR
1885:(2011).
1855:(1974).
1836:Archived
1671:cite web
1494:Archived
1074:Archived
990:See also
637:—
536:and the
273:monopoly
115:Children
2085:at the
2078:. 1914.
2059:. 1920.
2034:YouTube
1865:110–147
1813:; also
1406:271–272
976:Seattle
963:of the
859:Spokane
729:c. 1913
705:at 240
685:Georgia
365:Montana
355:, into
216:Ontario
185:in the
175:Midwest
2075:
1924:
1895:
1871:
1833:online
1798:online
1765:online
1739:
1729:
1412:
1353:
1304:
1207:
1171:
1142:
937:song "
880:Amtrak
853:; and
830:, the
781:, the
107:Spouse
85:, U.S.
1655:(PDF)
1648:(PDF)
1534:(DVD)
612:Death
591:Hill.
495:short
214:(now
1922:ISBN
1893:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1737:OCLC
1727:ISBN
1702:2019
1677:link
1663:2016
1631:2024
1606:2010
1571:See
1559:2008
1489:See
1477:2015
1446:2014
1410:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1302:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1169:ISSN
1140:ISBN
1121:2013
1069:See
691:and
532:The
482:and
315:and
72:Died
43:Born
2094:at
2032:on
1575:at
1277:237
941:."
924:In
815:of
363:to
2113::
2069:.
2053:.
1867:.
1859:.
1735:.
1693:.
1673:}}
1669:{{
1622:.
1592:.
1550:.
1463:.
1432:.
1408:.
1390:^
1300:.
1298:27
1219:^
1165:97
1163:.
1107:.
1087:^
1051:^
986:.
978:,
967:.
890:.
849:;
785:,
777:,
695:.
683:,
625:.
552:.
486:.
375:.
367:.
311:,
197:.
63:,
1930:.
1901:.
1877:.
1767:.
1743:.
1704:.
1679:)
1665:.
1633:.
1608:.
1561:.
1479:.
1448:.
1418:.
1359:.
1310:.
1279:.
1213:.
1175:.
1148:.
1123:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_(b).jpg)
