374:
corresponding sounds "F", "H" "Q", "X" or "Z" in
Ngakarimojong words. The Ngakarimojong alphabet includes the letters eng ("ĹŠ") and nya ("Ny"). Sometimes "P" sounds more like "F" in English, so when learning English, Ngakarimojong speakers sometimes confuse these sounds. On the other hand, Karimojong speakers are generally not prone to confusing "L" and "R", unlike native speakers of many other East African languages. There is a tendency to mouth a silent "O" or "U" on the end of some words ending with consonants. Adjacent vowels are usually pronounced without diphthongs.
499:
361:
Most traditionally known liquids such as water (Ĺ‹akipi) and milk (Ĺ‹akile) are feminine plural (though the eng prefix has been lost in some dialects), whereas more recently introduced liquids, such as bottled beer ('ebiya') are masculine singular. Male names mostly begin with "Lo" whilst female names
357:
Almost all plural nouns are prefixed with 'ŋa' (feminine) or 'ŋi' (masculine and neuter). There are generally suffixes on plural nouns which, to the learner at least, have little regularity, for example 'emong / ŋimongin' – 'ox / oxen' and 'akai / ŋakais' - 'house/s', or even removal of last letter,
389:
There is some confusion between the use of "I" and "Y" where there is a vowel following. The general tendency is to assume that the "Y" sound comes from the conjunction of the vowels rather than being a separate letter, but not exclusively. But sometimes there are very similar words with different
373:
Written
Ngakarimojong uses the Roman alphabet, and spelling rules were established by missionaries in the 1960s. Due to the recent creation of the orthography (spelling system) for Ngakarimojong, spelling usually accurately reflects pronunciation, except as otherwise noted. There are no letters or
377:
The orthography was created mainly by
British Anglicans and Italian Roman Catholics. As a result, there were variations in the spelling rules. The most obvious example is how to spell the sound which is halfway between an "S" as in "sink" and" th" as in "think". This was tendered by the Anglicans
469:
The main books written in the language are the New
Testament, published in significantly different Anglican and Roman Catholic versions in the 1960s, and a joint one published in the early 1990s. More recently, there have been some educational books and there are various grammars and dictionaries
330:
Word order can change to clarify words that can be nouns or verbs. For example, 'akimat' means 'old woman', or, 'to drink'. If you say 'acamit ayoŋ akimat' you are saying you want the old woman rather than you want to drink, so in this case the infinitive is rather oddly replaced by the vocative,
272:, which is reflected in the language as are their traditional religious beliefs. Settled cultivation is relatively recent and thus words associated with this are usually borrowed from neighbouring languages or from languages introduced by, or as a result of, colonialism –
267:
in their language. The name approximates to "the old men sat down", dating from a time of migration 300 or more years ago when this group refused to travel further on (to what is now Teso). They are a cattle-keeping people practising
381:
Rules also varied between different people writing down different languages in Uganda and the rest of East Africa. For example, most
Nilotic languages in and around Uganda spell the sound 'ch' (as in church) as "c", whereas in
326:
In
Ngakarimojong grammar, verbs come first. Verb forms differ in aspect rather than tense; first person plural personal and possessive pronouns have both inclusive and exclusive forms (noted from Burningham 1994?) .
362:
begin with "Na", thus Lokiru and Nakiru are a boy and a girl born at the time of rain. In other
Nilotic languages in the region, this rule applies without the "L" and "N".
263:
Ngakarimojong is a
Nilotic language of the Nilo-Saharan language family (Encyclopædia Britannica) spoken by at least 370,000 people in Uganda – the Karamojong people, or
565:
Ekitabo ŋolo ka Akilip ŋolo a ŋituŋa dadaŋ ka ŋuna akorakin asakaramento Ka ŋace kiro ŋunapolok ikwaŋinapei akiiun a
Ekanisa kaapei ka Ĺ‹ice Kiruk ka Ĺ‹ieothiyo
614:
393:'Edia' means 'boy'; 'edya', however, means 'vegetables', and any difference in pronunciation has more to do with tone and stress than with the "y".
1650:
607:
307:
in South Sudan (?), and also by at least one tribe in
Ethiopia, the Nyangatom. Jie and Dodoth (Dodos) are counted as dialects by
550:
Logiro, P. & Ilukori, J. (2007). A Simplified Ngakarimojong-English English-Ngakarimojong Dictionary. Fountain Publishers.
582:
527:
470:
produced mainly by Roman Catholic religious. The Old Testament is in process with a number of books already completed.
2045:
859:
646:
600:
110:
1643:
555:
2040:
1636:
1502:
1231:
1461:
1180:
315:
126:
1297:
1143:
623:
386:
found in Uganda (excluding Swahili), this sound is generally spelled "ky" (but the y is pronounced).
121:
104:
498:
378:
as "th" and the Catholics as "z". These days both "s" and "th" are used, and "z" is rarely used.
1873:
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1418:
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633:
139:
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715:
1919:
1780:
1352:
1090:
1012:
733:
414:
How are you (father/mother/child)? Ie-ia? (papa/toto/ikoku)? (literally, "Are you there?")
346:(neuter) means twigs used to light cooking fires. The neuter often implies a diminutive –
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8:
1995:
1883:
1765:
1659:
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587:
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681:
583:
https://web.archive.org/web/20110718161624/http://www.tyndale.org/TSJ/8/burningham.html
567:(London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1957). Digitized by Richard Mammana
1888:
1567:
561:
Novelli, Bruno (1985). A Grammar of the Karimojong Language. Berlin : D. Reimer.
287:
Closely related languages and dialects are spoken by many more peoples, including the
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2000:
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1130:
1104:
551:
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253:
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71:
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188:
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thus 'emoru / ŋimor' – 'mountain/s' and 'aberu / ŋaber(u)' – 'woman / women'.
2034:
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780:
723:
486:
304:
292:
134:
592:
1893:
1868:
1357:
1163:
316:
Karamojong cluster of Nilotic tribes, which is also called the Teso cluster
288:
269:
195:
20:
215:
1858:
1735:
564:
300:
334:
Nouns and pronouns have gender prefixes, which can change meaning, e.g.
491:
1628:
459:
White person(s): Emusugut (m sing), amusugut (f sing), Ĺ‹imusugui (pl)
411:
Thank you (very much): Alakara (nooi) – literally "I am (very) happy"
224:
208:
438:
God: Akuj (feminine construction; root also means "north" and "up")
331:
thus 'acamit ayoŋ tomat' to avoid confusion when you need a drink.
61:
1740:
338:(masculine) means tree or medicine obtained from a tree or bush,
277:
1408:
51:
252:
in Karamojong; Ngakarimojong or N'Karamojong in English) is a
462:
Where are you going? Ai ilothi iyoŋ? OR Ai ilosi iyong?
417:
How's it going? Anu Ĺ‹ace? (literally "Which problems?")
284:. Modern technical words come from these latter also.
588:
http://roa.rutgers.edu/files/930-1007/930-1007-0-0.PDF
420:
It's going well: Mam Ĺ‹ace (literally "No problems.")
2032:
311:16, but as separate languages by Blench (2012).
39:
1644:
622:
608:
368:
578:http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_kmj
514:The traditional history of the Jie of Uganda
1651:
1637:
615:
601:
465:I am going to Kaaŋole: Alosi ayoŋ Kaaŋole.
16:Eastern Nilotic language spoken in Uganda
858:
645:
511:
405:Hello! Ejoka? - literally "Is it good?"
1658:
2033:
342:(feminine) means log or firewood, and
1632:
1128:
1127:
857:
644:
596:
13:
480:
426:What is your name? ĹŠai ekonikiro?
423:See you! (as "good-bye") ikianyun!
14:
2057:
571:
429:My name is Lotiaŋ: Akakiro Lotiaŋ
497:
401:Some common words and phrases:
365:Ngakarimojong has no articles.
520:
505:
314:These peoples are part of the
1:
473:
408:Hello! (response): Ejok-nooi
396:
634:Nilo-Saharan language family
7:
354:(neuter) means little boy.
10:
2062:
516:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
369:Spelling and pronunciation
350:(masculine) means boy and
321:
83:691,000 (2014 census)
34:Ngakarimojong/N'Karamojong
18:
2046:Eastern Nilotic languages
1938:
1912:
1819:
1701:
1692:
1666:
1613:
1580:
1560:
1544:
1501:
1478:
1469:
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1381:
1340:
1331:
1305:
1296:
1255:
1219:
1179:
1151:
1142:
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1123:
1103:
1061:
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899:
883:
874:
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789:
773:
714:
670:
661:
657:
640:
630:
624:Eastern Sudanic languages
222:
206:
201:
185:
170:
87:
77:
67:
57:
47:
38:
33:
28:
1110:Large group listed below
19:Not to be confused with
512:Lamphear, John (1976).
41:ŋaKarimojoŋ/ŋaKaramojoŋ
40:
528:"'Let There be Light'"
1684:Ugandan Sign Language
632:Part of the proposed
260:in Northeast Uganda.
299:, Tesyo (in Kenya),
295:, Teso (in Uganda),
2041:Languages of Uganda
1939:Immigrant languages
1660:Languages of Uganda
1232:Lango (South Sudan)
1667:Official languages
244:language (spelled
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
1626:
1625:
1620:extinct languages
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1576:
1575:
1456:
1455:
1429:
1428:
1292:
1291:
1131:Nilotic languages
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1099:
1098:
966:
965:
849:
848:
845:
844:
769:
768:
495:(21st ed., 2018)
258:Karamojong people
238:
237:
72:Karamojong people
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1698:
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1639:
1630:
1629:
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1133:
1125:
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1038:
1037:
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667:
659:
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642:
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603:
594:
593:
543:
542:
540:
539:
530:. Archived from
524:
518:
517:
509:
503:
502:
501:
484:
453:Person: Ituŋanan
254:Nilotic language
234:
218:
211:
191:
93:
43:
26:
25:
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2060:
2056:
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1934:
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476:
456:People: ĹŠitunga
399:
384:Bantu languages
371:
324:
230:
214:
207:
192:
187:
166:
122:Eastern Nilotic
105:Eastern Sudanic
94:
91:Language family
89:
80:
79:Native speakers
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2059:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2026:
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1998:
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1988:
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1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
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1598:
1596:
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1582:
1581:Omotik–Datooga
1578:
1577:
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1571:
1570:
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1562:
1558:
1557:
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1503:Nandi–Markweta
1499:
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1484:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1454:
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1448:Southern Burun
1445:
1443:Northern Burun
1439:
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1427:
1426:
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1419:Lango (Uganda)
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1007:
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972:Eastern Jebel
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556:9970-02-714-X
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441:Water: ĹŠakipi
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1899:Southern Luo
1863:
1821:Nilo-Saharan
1615:
1545:Okiek–Mosiro
1389:Southern Luo
1269:
1188:
1181:Teso–Turkana
1068:
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536:. Retrieved
532:the original
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286:
270:transhumance
264:
262:
249:
245:
241:
239:
223:
196:Latin script
147:
99:Nilo-Saharan
21:Jie language
1920:Runyakitara
1781:Nyoro-Tooro
1736:Kinyarwanda
1353:Belanda Bor
1013:Keiga Jirru
734:El Hugeirat
716:Hill Nubian
447:Goat: Akine
265:ŋiKarimojoŋ
250:ŋaKaramojoŋ
246:ŋaKarimojoŋ
111:Kir–Abbaian
2035:Categories
1996:Portuguese
1864:Karamojong
1766:Nkore-Kiga
1693:Indigenous
1306:Dinka–Nuer
1257:Ongamo–Maa
1189:Karamojong
1076:Daju Mongo
703:Old Nubian
538:2010-04-15
492:Ethnologue
487:Karamojong
474:References
450:Ox: Emoŋin
444:Fire: Akim
397:Vocabulary
390:meanings:
309:Ethnologue
242:Karamojong
148:Karamojong
29:Karamojong
1695:languages
1618:indicate
1488:Kupsabiny
1227:Dongotono
1209:Nyangatom
931:Southwest
900:Southeast
864:languages
860:Southern
827:Miisiirii
682:Dongolawi
651:languages
647:Northern
225:Glottolog
209:ISO 639-3
68:Ethnicity
2001:Japanese
1516:Kipsigis
1471:Kalenjin
1462:Southern
1382:Southern
1341:Northern
432:Yes: Ee
232:kara1483
171:Dialects
144:Turkanic
62:Karamoja
2006:Russian
1991:Chinese
1971:Italian
1961:Spanish
1956:Punjabi
1946:English
1884:Nyang'i
1879:Lugbara
1806:Talinga
1751:Marachi
1741:Luganda
1679:Swahili
1674:English
1616:Italics
1588:Datooga
1521:Markwet
1368:Shilluk
1298:Western
1277:Samburu
1204:Turkana
1169:Mandari
1144:Eastern
1105:Nilotic
1062:Western
1048:Logorik
1041:Eastern
943:Didinga
822:Mararit
804:Nyimang
739:Ghulfan
729:Dilling
435:No: Mam
322:Grammar
297:Turkana
282:Swahili
278:Luganda
274:English
117:Nilotic
2011:Danish
1986:Arabic
1981:Hebrew
1966:German
1951:French
1930:Oropom
1913:Others
1889:Pökoot
1844:Aringa
1834:Adhola
1829:Acholi
1756:Masaba
1593:Omotik
1568:Pökoot
1561:Pökoot
1526:Naandi
1493:Sabaot
1409:Dholuo
1399:Adhola
1394:Acholi
1265:Maasai
1237:Lokoya
1220:Lotuko
1199:Toposa
1081:Nyolge
1018:Temein
1005:Temein
995:Sillok
958:Tennet
953:Laarim
891:Majang
876:Surmic
832:Sungor
799:Afitti
751:Kadaru
745:Haraza
697:Nobiin
676:Birgid
663:Nubian
554:
344:ikitoi
340:akitoi
336:ekitoi
305:Toposa
293:Dodoth
140:Ateker
131:Lotuko
127:Ateker
58:Region
52:Uganda
2016:Dutch
1976:Hindi
1874:Lango
1854:Elgon
1811:Tooro
1796:Singa
1791:Samia
1786:Ruuli
1776:Nyoro
1771:Nyole
1761:Nkore
1746:Luhya
1726:Khayo
1721:Gwere
1716:Gungu
1703:Bantu
1552:Ogiek
1536:Tugen
1531:Terik
1511:Keiyo
1480:Elgon
1435:Burun
1414:Kumam
1373:Thuri
1348:Anuak
1313:Dinka
1282:Camus
1271:Ngasa
1247:Otuho
1242:Lopit
1086:Nyala
1070:Beigo
1053:Shatt
948:Murle
938:Baale
917:Mursi
912:MeĘĽen
907:Kwegu
884:North
814:Taman
791:Nyima
756:Karko
692:Midob
687:Kenzi
179:Dodos
1925:Nubi
1904:Teso
1869:Kuku
1849:Bari
1839:Alur
1801:Soga
1731:Kiga
1711:Amba
1404:Alur
1363:Päri
1323:Reel
1318:Nuer
1194:Teso
1164:Kuku
1159:Bari
1152:Bari
1091:Sila
1033:Daju
1023:Tese
990:Molo
985:Kelo
980:Gaam
922:Suri
837:Tama
781:Nara
774:Nara
761:Wali
724:Dair
552:ISBN
352:idia
348:edia
301:Jiye
240:The
1894:Soo
1358:Jur
1333:Luo
489:at
289:Jie
248:or
216:kdj
176:Jie
135:Maa
2037::
1859:Ik
318:.
303:,
291:,
280:,
276:,
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862:n
649:k
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558:.
541:.
133:–
129:–
113:?
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23:.
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