120:
6820:
6795:
1109:
6790:
865:
472:
140:
6828:
6963:
6801:
999:
7955:
7937:
544:
sixth arteriole's ductus arteriosus is closed, and the pulmonary arteries open. Importantly, during air breathing, the sixth gill is still used in respiration; deoxygenated blood loses some of its carbon dioxide as it passes through the gill before reaching the lung. This is because carbon dioxide is more soluble in water. Air flow through the mouth is tidal, and through the lungs it is bidirectional and observes "uniform pool" diffusion of oxygen.
936:
6807:
1187:
6813:
1026:
6784:
7967:
3644:
813:
1165:
955:. The tail is very long and tapers at the end. They are the largest of the African lungfish species as they can reach a length of up to 200 cm. The pectoral and pelvic fins are also very long and thin, almost spaghetti-like. The newly hatched young have branched external gills much like those of newts. After 2 to 3 months the young transform (called
931:
are thin and threadlike, while the pelvic fins are somewhat larger, and set far back. The fins are connected to the shoulder by a single bone, which is a marked difference from most fish, whose fins usually have at least four bones at their base; and a marked similarity with nearly all land-dwelling
534:
branching off the sixth arteriole is open, and the pulmonary arteries are closed. As the water passes through the gills, the lungfish uses a buccal pump. Flow through the mouth and gills is unidirectional. Blood flow through the secondary lamellae is countercurrent to the water, maintaining a more
543:
When breathing air, the spiral valve of the conus arteriosus closes (minimizing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood), the third and fourth gill arches open, the second and fifth gill arches close (minimizing the possible loss of the oxygen obtained in the lungs through the gills), the
1290:
The relationships among lungfishes are significantly more difficult to resolve. While
Devonian lungfish had enough bone in the skull to determine relationships, post-Devonian lungfish are represented entirely by skull roofs and teeth, as the rest of the skull is
963:
for gill openings. These fish have a yellowish gray or pinkish toned ground color with dark slate-gray splotches, creating a marbling or leopard effect over the body and fins. The color pattern is darker along the top and lighter below. The marbled lungfish's
693:
lungfish inhabit or inhabited freshwater environments. There were likely at least two transitions amongst lungfish from marine to freshwater habitats. The last common ancestor of all living lungfish likely lived sometime between the Late
636:
As of 2022, the oldest lungfish, and probably the oldest aquarium fish in the world is "Methuselah", an
Australian lungfish 4 feet (1.2 m) long and weighing around 40 pounds (18 kg). Methuselah is believed to be female, unlike
356:") lungfish groups may retain marginal teeth and an ossified braincase, but derived lungfish groups, including all modern species, show a significant reduction in the marginal bones and a cartilaginous braincase. The bones of the
372:
lungfishes, the skull roof lies beneath the skin and the cosmine covering is lost. All modern lungfish show significant reductions and fusions of the bones of the skull roof, and the specific bones of the skull roof show no
848:
and one of the oldest living vertebrate genera on the planet. It is the most primitive surviving member of the ancient air-breathing lungfish (Dipnoi) lineages. The five other freshwater lungfish species,
495:, these bladders are usually simple sacs, devoid of complex internal structure. In contrast, the lungs of lungfish are subdivided into numerous smaller air sacs, maximizing the surface area available for
502:
Most extant lungfish species have two lungs, with the exception of the
Australian lungfish, which has only one. The lungs of lungfish are homologous to the lungs of tetrapods. As in tetrapods and
491:. They have a distinct feature in that their lungs are connected to the larynx and pharynx without a trachea. While other species of fish can breathe air using modified, vascularized
522:
can breathe through its gills without needing air from its lung. In other species, the gills are too atrophied to allow for adequate gas exchange. When a lungfish is obtaining
530:
is open, the bypass arterioles of the third and fourth gill arches (which do not actually have gills) are shut, the second, fifth and sixth gill arch arterioles are open, the
3833:
389:
develops a pair of feathery appendages that are actually highly modified pelvic fins. These fins are thought to improve gas exchange around the fish's eggs in its nest.
932:
vertebrates. They have the lowest aquatic respiration of all extant lungfish species, and their gills are greatly reduced and essentially non-functional in the adults.
3711:
861:. The Queensland lungfish can live for several days out of the water if it is kept moist, but will not survive total water depletion, unlike its African counterparts.
4535:
Brien, P. (1959). Ethologie du
Protopterus dolloi(Boulenger) et de ses larves. Signification des sacs pulmonaires des Dipneustes. Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg. 89, 9-48.
4213:
A popular exposition of the doctrine of evolution in general, and of that of Darwin, Goethe, and
Lamarck in particular. From the 8th German edition by Ernst Haeckel
3864:
4544:
Poll, M. (1961). Révision systématique et raciation géographique des
Protopteridae de l’Afrique centrale. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr. Sér. 8. Sci. Zool. 103, 3-50.
3662:
5968:
4745:
404:
brain (except for the
Queensland lungfish, which branched off in its own direction about 277 million years ago and has a brain resembling that of the
1548:
6733:
6552:
6409:
6284:
3070:
2561:
1105:
side is lighter, with great blackish or brownish spots on the body and fins except on its belly. They reach a length of about 100 cm in the wild.
3916:
6256:
4807:
8128:
4799:
6630:
6349:
6145:
5908:
5738:
1421:
1022:
lungfish in the world. This lungfish is uniform blue, or slate grey in colour. It has small or inconspicuous black spots, and a pale grey belly.
6623:
6247:
1852:
4272:
The differential cardio-respiratory responses to ambient hypoxia and systemic hypoxaemia in the South
American lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa
4415:
3734:
6666:
6460:
5778:
2145:
1650:
903:
air-breather, it is the sole member of its family native to the
Americas. Relatively little is known about the South American lungfish, or
7667:
6864:
6476:
2052:
301:(which includes living amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). The mouths of lungfish typically bear tooth plates, which are used to
297:, including the presence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton. Lungfish represent the closest living relatives of the
3812:
7409:
6609:
3841:
907:. When immature it is spotted with gold on a black background. In the adult this fades to a brown or gray color. Its tooth-bearing
4554:
Amemiya, Chris T.; Alföldi, Jessica; Lee, Alison P.; Fan, Shaohua; Philippe, Hervé; MacCallum, Iain; et al. (18 April 2013).
4206:
8072:
5445:
3453:
5566:
4292:
587:
African and South
American lungfish are capable of surviving seasonal drying out of their habitats by burrowing into mud and
8077:
5587:
3719:
685:), are the currently oldest known lungfish, and show that the lungfishes had adapted to a diet including hard-shelled prey (
4506:
4831:
927:, this species has an elongate, almost eel-like body. It may reach a length of 125 centimetres (4 ft 1 in). The
7236:
3554:
336:
Modern Latin from the Greek δίπνοος (dipnoos) with two breathing structures, from δι- twice and πνοή breathing, breath.
4884:
4487:"West African Lungfish (Protopterus annectens annectens) - Information on West African Lungfish - Encyclopedia of Life"
4706:
The Simon & Schuster Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures, A visual who's who of prehistoric life
7266:
4781:
1226:
4613:"Support for lungfish as the closest relative of tetrapods by using slowly evolving ray-finned fish as the outgroup"
844:, indicating that the Queensland lungfish has existed in Australia for at least 100 million years, making it a
4249:
3693:
915:
bones are fused like other lungfish. South American lungfishes also share an autostylic jaw suspension (where the
6920:
6857:
4757:
1208:
425:
surface. These odontodes then wear to form a uniform crushing surface. In several groups, including the modern
4208:
The History of Creation, or, the Development of the Earth and Its Inhabitants by the Action of Natural Causes
3426:
6794:
4320:
7971:
7005:
6819:
2249:
526:
from its gills, its circulatory system is configured similarly to the common fish. The spiral valve of the
4201:
6905:
6789:
5438:
4815:
3540:
654:
324:, over 410 million years ago. The earliest known members of the group were marine, while almost all post-
320:, though they were formerly globally distributed. The fossil record of the group extends into the Early
7657:
7384:
7354:
7241:
6850:
1827:
17:
1283:
Recent molecular genetic analyses strongly support a sister relationship of lungfishes and tetrapods (
951:, is found in Africa. The marbled lungfish is smooth, elongated, and cylindrical with deeply embedded
832:
to Australia. Fossil records of this group date back 380 million years, around the time when the
7930:
7923:
7890:
7632:
7304:
6985:
6827:
5559:
4167:: Dipnoi) have low genetic variation at allozyme and mitochondrial DNA loci: A conservation alert?".
4117:
1802:
1204:
353:
6800:
7940:
7699:
6806:
139:
4663:
Ahlberg, P.E.; Smith, M.M.; Johanson, Z. (2006). "Developmental plasticity and disparity in early
232:
7918:
7900:
7462:
7211:
6962:
6753:
4855:
4412:
3738:
1689:
1197:
873:
854:
764:
758:
577:
386:
8090:
7989:
7880:
7704:
7689:
7512:
7231:
7120:
5657:
5431:
4877:
599:
to as little as one sixtieth of the normal metabolic rate, and protein waste is converted from
4226:
3903:
629:
was part of the permanent live collection from 1933 to 2017 after a previous residence at the
8100:
8085:
7910:
7895:
7404:
7221:
4823:
4524:
4455:
4431:
4400:
4307:
1877:
1129:
1034:
797:
633:; at 109 years old, it was euthanized following a decline in health consistent with old age.
422:
349:
8059:
8036:
7905:
7201:
5552:
4567:
3605:
3496:
393:
6783:
5423:
4118:"A New Species of Fossil Lungfish (Osteichthyes: Dipnoi) from the Cretaceous of Australia"
8:
7694:
7637:
7437:
7324:
7113:
4468:
1125:
1070:
821:
745:
735:
618:
519:
361:
127:
6812:
4571:
3989:
3609:
3500:
7276:
6711:
5785:
4692:
4637:
4612:
4588:
4555:
4371:
4184:
4145:
4058:
3962:
3929:
3891:
3865:"Granddad the lungfish – the oldest fish in captivity – euthanised by Chicago aquarium"
3789:
3760:
Purkerson, M.L. (1975). "Electron microscopy of the intestine of the African lungfish,
3685:
3628:
3585:
488:
426:
374:
134:
8123:
7622:
7527:
7432:
7344:
7339:
7286:
7093:
6900:
6890:
6540:
6379:
5827:
4870:
4793:
4684:
4680:
4642:
4593:
4363:
4355:
4288:
4149:
4137:
4062:
4050:
4009:
3967:
3949:
3917:
Australian lungfish has largest genome of any animal sequenced so far - New Scientist
3872:
3781:
3633:
3514:
3419:
2448:
2381:
1170:
1141:
833:
531:
254:
249:
4696:
4188:
3793:
3689:
1018:. It generally reaches only 44 centimetres (17 inches) long, making it the smallest
689:) very early in their evolution. The earliest lungfish were marine. Almost all post-
119:
8027:
7364:
7309:
7271:
7226:
7184:
7108:
6895:
6509:
4730:
4676:
4632:
4624:
4583:
4575:
4486:
4375:
4347:
4176:
4129:
4040:
4001:
3957:
3941:
3773:
3677:
3663:"Did lungs and the intracardiac shunt evolve to oxygenate the heart in vertebrates"
3623:
3613:
3504:
3209:
2361:
1117:
1098:
1082:
985:
944:
924:
804:
783:
607:(normally, lungfish excrete nitrogenous waste as ammonia directly into the water).
527:
476:
4133:
7581:
7561:
7389:
7376:
7359:
7314:
7196:
7135:
7059:
7054:
6990:
6977:
6947:
6744:
6725:
6652:
6562:
6529:
6492:
6418:
6388:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6189:
6122:
6068:
5286:
5040:
5006:
4933:
4510:
4419:
4101:
Allen, G.R.; Midgley, S.H.; Allen, M. (2002). Knight, Jan; Bulgin, Wendy (eds.).
3618:
3509:
3485:"Evolutionary history of lungfishes with a new phylogeny of post-Devonian genera"
3484:
3177:
2583:
2498:
2321:
2002:
1759:
1741:
1353:
1265:
1175:
1007:
952:
841:
790:
752:
630:
378:
283:
259:
31:
4503:
1108:
1053:, some 9–15 times the length of the head. It has two pairs of long, filamentous
923:) and powerful adductor jaw muscles with the extant lungfish (Dipnoi). Like the
893:
421:" on the palate and lower jaws develop in a series of rows to form a fan-shaped
8041:
7857:
7830:
7722:
7714:
7647:
7617:
7556:
7538:
7492:
7482:
7086:
7039:
6703:
6680:
6644:
6593:
6432:
6314:
5762:
5155:
5127:
5034:
4083:. Nelson Field Guides. Melbourne: Thomas Nelson Australia Pty. Ltd. p. 12.
4029:"New Cretaceous lungfishes (Dipnoi, Ceratodontidae) from western North America"
3945:
3648:
2528:
1254:
991:
960:
916:
896:
889:
661:
split into two separate evolutionary lineages, with the ancestor of the extant
622:
611:
433:
215:
4847:
4839:
4735:
4714:
4180:
3813:"Methuselah: Oldest aquarium fish lives in San Francisco and likes belly rubs"
3681:
864:
471:
8117:
8012:
7959:
7862:
7776:
7596:
7571:
7566:
7522:
7517:
7472:
7467:
7447:
7319:
7098:
7017:
6637:
6519:
6469:
6395:
6263:
6198:
6168:
6159:
6131:
6101:
6092:
6018:
5948:
5642:
5617:
5486:
5455:
5398:
5303:
5166:
5110:
4359:
4232:
4202:
4141:
4054:
4013:
3988:
Brownstein, Chase Doran; Harrington, Richard C; Near, Thomas J. (July 2023).
3953:
3876:
3562:
3518:
3152:
3011:
2875:
2336:
2299:
1934:
1909:
1582:
1403:
1124:, is a species of lungfish found in Africa. Specifically, it is found in the
1078:
956:
845:
836:
classes were beginning to evolve. Fossils of lungfish belonging to the genus
695:
690:
666:
325:
313:
294:
289:. Lungfish are best known for retaining ancestral characteristics within the
264:
184:
77:
4469:"Protopterus annectens, West African lungfish : fisheries, aquaculture"
4271:
7852:
7676:
7591:
7551:
7452:
7394:
7334:
7261:
7256:
7246:
7162:
7152:
7081:
7064:
6971:
6932:
6925:
6579:
6572:
6335:
6291:
6277:
6270:
6205:
6138:
6048:
6008:
5998:
5813:
5806:
5608:
5492:
5278:
5233:
5138:
5082:
4919:
4688:
4646:
4597:
4367:
4351:
4237:
The record of a year's observation of her flora, her fauna, and her people.
3971:
3928:
Cui, Xindong; Friedman, Matt; Qiao, Tuo; Yu, Yilun; Zhu, Min (2 May 2022).
3637:
3433:
3251:
3234:
2413:
2396:
2224:
2102:
1952:
1707:
1600:
1530:
1296:
1240:
1058:
1019:
928:
908:
885:
496:
444:
401:
290:
4862:
4832:"Tree of life illustration showing lungfish's relation to other organisms"
4785:
3785:
3777:
8051:
8021:
7835:
7823:
7749:
7507:
7502:
7477:
7457:
7399:
7294:
7189:
7167:
7157:
7130:
7000:
6952:
6760:
6718:
6696:
6446:
6212:
6175:
6108:
6078:
5978:
5771:
5717:
5695:
5669:
5626:
5575:
5195:
5095:
4628:
4556:"The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution"
4045:
4028:
3312:
3294:
3052:
2615:
2597:
2543:
2027:
1498:
1473:
1284:
1272:
1261:
1061:
have a basal fringe and are about three times the head length, while its
1015:
850:
777:
771:
671:
492:
210:
197:
52:
4579:
998:
293:, including the ability to breathe air, and ancestral structures within
7885:
7684:
7652:
7586:
7576:
7497:
7487:
7172:
7140:
7125:
7071:
7044:
7027:
6689:
6439:
6365:
6305:
6038:
5938:
5918:
5898:
5888:
5841:
5748:
5510:
5502:
5480:
5391:
5330:
5183:
5068:
5022:
4956:
4163:
Frentiu, F.D.; Ovenden, J.R.; Street, R. (2001). "Australian lungfish (
3532:
2993:
2281:
1378:
1321:
1276:
1249:
1211: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1090:
1062:
973:
969:
707:
682:
677:
662:
638:
596:
592:
588:
561:
456:
452:
448:
414:
357:
97:
62:
4195:
4005:
3990:"The biogeography of extant lungfishes traces the breakup of Gondwana"
432:
The modern lungfishes have a number of larval features, which suggest
396:, lungfishes have evolved internal nostrils similar to the tetrapods'
7642:
7627:
7612:
7442:
7103:
7049:
7034:
7012:
6995:
6942:
6616:
6602:
6425:
6358:
6321:
6028:
5958:
5928:
5834:
5820:
5322:
5012:
4986:
4913:
3537:
Extraordinary Animals: An encyclopedia of curious and unusual animals
3127:
2952:
2480:
2127:
2077:
1292:
1149:
1074:
1066:
935:
686:
573:
507:
406:
382:
345:
317:
302:
151:
102:
7983:
4708:. Great Britain: Marshall Editions Developments Limited. p. 45.
4662:
4162:
1186:
1041:, is a species of lungfish found in West Africa. It has a prominent
8006:
7845:
7786:
7732:
7727:
7546:
7414:
7076:
7022:
6937:
6328:
6058:
5988:
5878:
5799:
5599:
5474:
5292:
5220:
4970:
4941:
4894:
2934:
2893:
1625:
1054:
977:
900:
829:
703:
699:
658:
650:
553:
460:
418:
369:
321:
298:
171:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
4443:
4388:
1025:
8064:
7818:
7813:
7791:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7299:
7251:
7145:
6915:
6910:
6659:
5792:
5405:
5244:
5090:
4283:
Bruton, Michael N. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
1102:
981:
920:
912:
626:
600:
581:
569:
365:
107:
82:
5234:
Lissamphibia (modern amphibians: frogs, salamanders, caecilians)
3737:. Vertebrate Zoology Lab. U. Florida. Lab 2. Archived from
1295:. Additionally, many of the taxa already identified may not be
610:
Burrowing is seen in at least one group of fossil lungfish, the
7737:
5593:
5468:
5311:
5268:
5257:
4907:
965:
557:
523:
503:
437:
397:
309:
161:
5544:
681:, dating to 419–417 million years ago, during Early Devonian (
443:
Modern lungfish all have an elongate body with fleshy, paired
413:
The dentition of lungfish is different from that of any other
308:
Today there are only six known species of lungfish, living in
7840:
7769:
7179:
4027:
Frederickson, Joseph A.; Cifelli, Richard L. (January 2017).
3647:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
3643:
3483:
Kemp, Anne; Cavin, Lionel; Guinot, Guillaume (1 April 2017).
1153:
1137:
1133:
1042:
881:
812:
5128:
Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish: sharks, rays, chimaeras)
3555:"Evolution: On the evolution of internal nostrils (choanae)"
1164:
1065:
are about twice the head length. In general, three external
429:, these ridges have been modified to form occluding blades.
7742:
7329:
6882:
6873:
5453:
5336:
4338:
IJ Leitch (13 June 2007). "Genome sizes through the ages".
1086:
604:
565:
7781:
7349:
4610:
1094:
1081:
embedded in the skin. There are 40–50 scales between the
1050:
1046:
4105:. Perth, W.A.: Western Australia Museum. pp. 54–55.
3987:
857:
in South America, are very different morphologically to
344:
All lungfish demonstrate an uninterrupted cartilaginous
6842:
4712:
3834:"Chicago aquarium euthanizes 90 year-old lungfish"
4262:"Your Inner Fish" Neil Shubin, 2008,2009,Vintage, p.33
3712:"Chapter 24: The Respiratory System – Evolution Atlas"
3649:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
6677:
6590:
6568:
6558:
6548:
6525:
6515:
6505:
6457:
6406:
6376:
6346:
6302:
6244:
6186:
6156:
6119:
6089:
6074:
6064:
6054:
6044:
6034:
6024:
6014:
6004:
5994:
5984:
5974:
5964:
5954:
5944:
5934:
5924:
5914:
5904:
5894:
5884:
5874:
5759:
5744:
5734:
4553:
30:
This article is about the animal. For the band, see
4026:
3586:"The first virtual cranial endocast of a lungfish (
1089:and 36–40 around the body before the origin of the
506:, the lungs extend from the ventral surface of the
4826:. University of California Museum of Paleontology.
4282:
1239:The relationship of lungfishes to the rest of the
1152:on land by surrounding itself in a layer of dried
4205:; Lankester, Edwin Ray; Schmitz, L. Dora (1892).
4103:Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia
4100:
3927:
3489:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
328:representatives inhabit freshwater environments.
8115:
4224:
1287:), with coelacanths branching slightly earlier.
348:and an extensively developed palatal dentition.
4703:
4520:
4518:
4235:. Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 275, 399.
3828:
3826:
3759:
3583:
3482:
1302:Phylogeny after Kemp, Cavin & Guinot, 2017
400:, and a brain with certain similarities to the
4932:
3660:
1156:. It can reach a length of up to 130 cm.
995:at 670 billion and 150 billion, respectively.
6858:
5560:
5439:
4878:
4746:"A compendium of fossil marine animal genera"
4504:Primitivefishes.com (Retrieved May 13, 2010.)
880:, is the single species of lungfish found in
5641:
4798:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4515:
3823:
3732:
972:, making it the largest known genome of any
702:. Lungfish remained present in the northern
641:, and is estimated to be over 90 years old.
282:are freshwater vertebrates belonging to the
5081:
4892:
4115:
3930:"The rapid evolution of lungfish durophagy"
3807:
3805:
3803:
3531:
1140:. It is also found in the lower and Middle
547:
6865:
6851:
5715:
5567:
5553:
5446:
5432:
5321:
4885:
4871:
4116:Kemp, Anne; Berrell, Rodney (3 May 2020).
118:
7410:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
4734:
4636:
4587:
4337:
4287:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 70.
4044:
3961:
3627:
3617:
3508:
1227:Learn how and when to remove this message
339:
4743:
4318:
4301:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4090:
3800:
3718:. Pearson Education, Inc. Archived from
3709:
1163:
1107:
1101:side is olive or brown in color and the
1024:
997:
934:
863:
811:
649:About 420 million years ago, during the
617:Lungfish can be extremely long-lived. A
470:
8129:Extant Early Devonian first appearances
5013:Thaliacea (pyrosomes, salps, doliolids)
4346:(2). Nature Publishing Group: 121–122.
4156:
4074:
4072:
3862:
2856:Cladogram after Brownstein et al. 2023
1247:Lungfishes are most closely related to
591:throughout the dry season. Changes in
360:in primitive lungfish are covered in a
14:
8116:
4858:from the original on 18 November 2021.
4203:Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich Philipp August
980:known to have more base pairs are the
7988:
7987:
6846:
5586:
5548:
5427:
4866:
4719:and the beginning of modern lungfish"
4087:
3983:
3981:
3654:
513:
475:Lateral view of lungs of a dissected
4611:Takezaki, N.; Nishihara, H. (2017).
4078:
4069:
3478:
3476:
3474:
1209:adding citations to reliable sources
1180:
1077:and above the pectoral fins. It has
436:. They also demonstrate the largest
7966:
7237:Electroreception and electrogenesis
4276:
4242:
538:
487:Lungfish have a highly specialized
24:
4750:Bulletins of American Paleontology
4713:Schultze, H.P.; Chorn, J. (1997).
4656:
4211:. D. Appleton. pp. 289, 422.
4122:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3978:
1014:is a species of lungfish found in
959:) into the adult form, losing the
713:
665:diverging a little earlier from a
385:. During the breeding season, the
25:
8140:
4779:
4773:
3735:"Gnathostome form & function"
3471:
535:constant concentration gradient.
7965:
7954:
7953:
7936:
7935:
6961:
6826:
6818:
6811:
6805:
6799:
6793:
6788:
6782:
5156:Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish)
4681:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2006.00106.x
3642:
1185:
899:in South America. Notable as an
840:have been uncovered in northern
138:
50:
6921:Environmental impact of fishing
5574:
4715:"The Permo-Carboniferous genus
4604:
4547:
4538:
4529:
4497:
4479:
4461:
4449:
4437:
4425:
4406:
4394:
4382:
4331:
4312:
4265:
4256:
4218:
4109:
4020:
3921:
3910:
3856:
1196:needs additional citations for
576:and plant matter. They have an
4434:(Retrieved 25 September 2010.)
3753:
3726:
3703:
3577:
3547:
3525:
3446:
1260:Together, these taxa form the
884:and slow-moving waters of the
13:
1:
4704:Palmer, Douglas, ed. (1999).
4403:(Retrieved 19 February 2010.)
4391:(Retrieved 19 February 2010.)
4134:10.1080/02724634.2020.1822369
3440:
3427:Lepidogalaxias salamandroides
518:Of extant lungfish, only the
7006:intramembranous ossification
4617:Genome Biology and Evolution
4081:Australian Freshwater Fishes
3619:10.1371/journal.pone.0113898
3510:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.12.051
2250:Rhinodipterus kimberleyensis
803:
796:
789:
782:
763:
744:
644:
331:
303:crush hard shelled organisms
7:
4987:Appendicularia (larvaceans)
4782:"Lungfish Information site"
4422:Retrieved 19 February 2010.
3863:Reuters (7 February 2017).
3412:
1159:
451:fins and a single unpaired
377:to the skull roof bones of
10:
8145:
7385:Fin and flipper locomotion
7355:Sequential hermaphroditism
7242:Jamming avoidance response
6959:
5414:denote paraphyletic groups
5293:Squamata (scaled reptiles)
3946:10.1038/s41467-022-30091-3
3298:(South American lungfish)
2601:(South American lungfish)
1828:Chirodipterus wildungensis
1275:, the sister group to the
1264:, the sister group to the
29:
7996:
7949:
7873:
7806:
7713:
7675:
7666:
7605:
7536:
7423:
7375:
7285:
7210:
6970:
6880:
6780:
6743:
6676:
6589:
6539:
6501:
6490:
6456:
6405:
6375:
6345:
6301:
6243:
6185:
6155:
6118:
6088:
5870:
5866:
5855:
5758:
5730:
5726:
5711:
5692:
5668:
5650:
5637:
5582:
5519:
5501:
5463:
5385:
5331:Crocodilia (crocodilians)
5302:
5287:Rhynchocephalia (tuatara)
5277:
5266:
5253:
5242:
5229:
5218:
5204:
5193:
5179:
5164:
5151:
5136:
5123:
5108:
5077:
5066:
5030:
5021:
5002:
4995:
4982:
4969:
4965:
4954:
4928:
4902:
4736:10.1163/18759866-06701002
4669:Evolution and Development
4250:"South American Lungfish"
4225:Guenther, Konrad (1931).
3682:10.1017/s0094837300019734
3309:
3291:
3284:
3248:
3230:
3223:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3173:
3166:
3148:
3141:
3123:
3116:
3100:
3093:
3066:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3007:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2948:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2889:
2871:
2864:
2612:
2594:
2587:
2557:
2539:
2532:
2521:
2494:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2444:
2437:
2410:
2392:
2385:
2375:
2357:
2350:
2332:
2325:
2295:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2245:
2238:
2220:
2213:
2141:
2123:
2116:
2098:
2091:
2073:
2066:
2048:
2041:
2023:
2016:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1948:
1930:
1923:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1873:
1866:
1848:
1841:
1823:
1816:
1803:Chirodipterus liangchengi
1798:
1791:
1755:
1737:
1730:
1703:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1646:
1639:
1621:
1614:
1596:
1578:
1571:
1544:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1494:
1487:
1469:
1462:
1417:
1399:
1392:
1374:
1367:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1317:
1310:
1271:Together, these form the
775:
770:
657:of both lungfish and the
621:called "Granddad" at the
245:
240:
135:Scientific classification
133:
126:
117:
41:
27:Type of lobefinned fishes
6872:
5392:Ascidiacea (sea squirts)
5184:Actinistia (coelacanths)
4723:Contributions to Zoology
4667:(lungfish) dentitions".
4458:(Retrieved 13 May 2010.)
4446:(Retrieved 13 May 2010.)
4418:11 December 2008 at the
3710:Wisenden, Brian (2003).
3584:Clement Alice M (2014).
1093:. It has 34–37 pairs of
989:and the flowering plant
548:Ecology and life history
466:
7901:Glossary of ichthyology
7463:Diel vertical migration
4942:Leptocardii (lancelets)
4744:Sepkoski, Jack (2002).
4509:11 October 2010 at the
4181:10.1023/A:1011576116472
4033:Journal of Paleontology
3994:Journal of Biogeography
3762:Protopterus aethiopicus
3661:Colleen Farmer (1997),
3454:"ITIS - Report: Dipnoi"
1690:Chirodipterus australis
1049:. Its body is long and
949:Protopterus aethiopicus
874:South American lungfish
868:South American lungfish
765:South American lungfish
578:intestinal spiral valve
440:among the vertebrates.
387:South American lungfish
7267:Surface wave detection
7232:Hydrodynamic reception
6906:Diseases and parasites
5096:Hyperoartia (lampreys)
4352:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800981
4285:Encyclopedia of Fishes
4228:A Naturalist in Brazil
4079:Lake, John S. (1978).
3255:(Queensland lungfish)
2417:(Queensland lungfish)
1178:
1113:
1030:
1003:
940:
869:
817:
484:
340:Anatomy and morphology
272:Fossil taxa, see text
8086:Paleobiology Database
7405:Undulatory locomotion
7222:Ampullae of Lorenzini
4756:: 560. Archived from
4169:Conservation Genetics
4165:Neoceratodus forsteri
3934:Nature Communications
3778:10.1002/ar.1091820109
3766:The Anatomical Record
3733:Hilber, S.A. (2007).
1878:Rhinodipterus ulrichi
1167:
1130:Republic of the Congo
1111:
1039:Protopterus annectens
1035:west African lungfish
1029:West African lungfish
1028:
1012:Protopterus amphibius
1001:
968:contains 133 billion
938:
905:scaly salamander-fish
867:
826:Neoceratodus forsteri
815:
798:West African lungfish
595:allow it to slow its
474:
463:fins of most fishes.
48:Early Devonian–Recent
7633:Genetically modified
5312:Testudines (turtles)
4491:Encyclopedia of Life
4413:Primitive Fishes.com
4046:10.1017/jpa.2016.131
3722:on 25 November 2010.
1243:is well understood:
1205:improve this article
878:Lepidosiren paradoxa
706:landmasses into the
655:last common ancestor
394:convergent evolution
7438:Aquatic respiration
7325:Life history theory
5406:Reptilia (reptiles)
5114:(jawed vertebrates)
4842:on 23 January 2009.
4760:on 20 February 2009
4580:10.1038/nature12027
4572:2013Natur.496..311A
3610:2014PLoSO...9k3898C
3501:2017PPP...471..209K
3316:(African lungfish)
2619:(African lungfish)
822:Queensland lungfish
816:Queensland lungfish
746:Queensland lungfish
720:
619:Queensland lungfish
580:rather than a true
556:, feeding on fish,
520:Australian lungfish
128:Queensland lungfish
7277:Weberian apparatus
5969:Janvierpaucidentes
5534:Lepidosireniformes
5458:orders by subclass
5258:Mammalia (mammals)
5170:(lobe-finned fish)
5142:(bony vertebrates)
4629:10.1093/gbe/evw288
4321:"Marbled Lungfish"
3902:has generic name (
3844:on 7 February 2017
3819:. 26 January 2022.
1253:, and then to the
1179:
1146:Protopterus dolloi
1142:Congo River Basins
1122:Protopterus dolloi
1114:
1031:
1004:
941:
925:African lungfishes
870:
818:
719:Extant lungfishes
718:
514:Perfusion of water
489:respiratory system
485:
481:Protopterus dolloi
427:lepidosireniformes
362:mineralized tissue
8111:
8110:
7990:Taxon identifiers
7981:
7980:
7891:Fish common names
7802:
7801:
7433:Aquatic predation
7257:Capacity for pain
6986:Age determination
6840:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6778:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6541:Neoceratodontidae
6486:
6485:
6380:Rhynchodipteridae
5851:
5850:
5828:Pseudosauripterus
5707:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5688:
5687:
5542:
5541:
5529:Ceratodontiformes
5511:Coelacanthiformes
5503:Coelacanthimorpha
5421:
5420:
5403:³orders of class
5389:¹orders of class
5381:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5209:Dipnoi (lungfish)
5104:
5103:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5049:
4950:
4949:
4818:on 13 March 2006.
4788:on 2 August 2014.
4780:Kemps, Anne, Dr.
4566:(7445): 311–316.
4294:978-0-12-547665-2
4006:10.1111/jbi.14609
3406:
3405:
3397:
3396:
3388:
3387:
3379:
3378:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3360:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3342:
3334:
3333:
3325:
3324:
3273:
3272:
3264:
3263:
3082:
3081:
3023:
3022:
2964:
2963:
2905:
2904:
2853:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2834:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2807:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2789:
2781:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2763:
2762:
2754:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2699:
2691:
2690:
2682:
2681:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2627:
2573:
2572:
2510:
2509:
2426:
2425:
2382:Neoceratodontidae
2311:
2310:
2202:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2156:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1719:
1718:
1560:
1559:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1237:
1236:
1229:
834:higher vertebrate
810:
809:
736:Neoceratodontidae
532:ductus arteriosus
379:ray-finned fishes
277:
276:
255:Neoceratodontidae
250:Ceratodontiformes
236:
219:
16:(Redirected from
8136:
8104:
8103:
8094:
8093:
8081:
8080:
8068:
8067:
8055:
8054:
8045:
8044:
8032:
8031:
8030:
8017:
8016:
8015:
7985:
7984:
7969:
7968:
7957:
7956:
7939:
7938:
7673:
7672:
6965:
6896:Ethnoichthyology
6867:
6860:
6853:
6844:
6843:
6831:
6830:
6823:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6809:
6804:
6803:
6797:
6792:
6786:
6734:Persephonichthys
6679:
6592:
6570:
6560:
6553:Archaeoceratodus
6550:
6527:
6517:
6510:Ferganoceratodus
6507:
6499:
6498:
6459:
6410:Phaneropleuridae
6408:
6378:
6348:
6304:
6285:Robinsondipterus
6246:
6188:
6158:
6121:
6091:
6076:
6066:
6056:
6046:
6036:
6026:
6016:
6006:
5996:
5986:
5976:
5966:
5956:
5946:
5936:
5926:
5916:
5906:
5896:
5886:
5876:
5868:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5761:
5746:
5736:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5713:
5712:
5648:
5647:
5639:
5638:
5632:
5631:
5584:
5583:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5546:
5545:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5425:
5424:
5319:
5318:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5177:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5091:Myxini (hagfish)
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5028:
5027:
5000:
4999:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4930:
4929:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4848:"Lungfish video"
4843:
4838:. Archived from
4827:
4819:
4814:. Archived from
4803:
4797:
4789:
4784:. Archived from
4769:
4767:
4765:
4740:
4738:
4709:
4700:
4651:
4650:
4640:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4591:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4536:
4533:
4527:
4522:
4513:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4465:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4410:
4404:
4398:
4392:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4316:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4280:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4231:. Translated by
4222:
4216:
4215:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4098:
4085:
4084:
4076:
4067:
4066:
4048:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4000:(7): 1191–1198.
3985:
3976:
3975:
3965:
3925:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3840:. Archived from
3830:
3821:
3820:
3809:
3798:
3797:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3692:, archived from
3667:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3621:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3565:on 20 March 2012
3561:. Archived from
3551:
3545:
3544:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3512:
3480:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3450:
3287:
3286:
3226:
3225:
3210:Ferganoceratodus
3201:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3169:
3168:
3144:
3143:
3119:
3118:
3096:
3095:
3071:Persephonichthys
3044:
3043:
3037:
3036:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2926:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2867:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2590:
2589:
2562:Persephonichthys
2535:
2534:
2524:
2523:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2440:
2439:
2388:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2362:Ferganoceratodus
2353:
2352:
2328:
2327:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2241:
2240:
2216:
2215:
2119:
2118:
2094:
2093:
2069:
2068:
2044:
2043:
2019:
2018:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1926:
1925:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1869:
1868:
1844:
1843:
1819:
1818:
1794:
1793:
1733:
1732:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1642:
1641:
1617:
1616:
1574:
1573:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1490:
1489:
1465:
1464:
1395:
1394:
1370:
1369:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1189:
1181:
1168:Illustration of
1118:spotted lungfish
1112:Spotted lungfish
986:Polychaos dubium
945:marbled lungfish
939:Marbled lungfish
919:is fused to the
805:Spotted lungfish
784:Marbled lungfish
721:
717:
539:Perfusion of air
528:conus arteriosus
477:spotted lungfish
241:Living families
231:
214:
143:
142:
122:
112:
49:
45:Temporal range:
39:
38:
21:
8144:
8143:
8139:
8138:
8137:
8135:
8134:
8133:
8114:
8113:
8112:
8107:
8099:
8097:
8089:
8084:
8076:
8071:
8063:
8058:
8050:
8048:
8040:
8035:
8026:
8025:
8020:
8011:
8010:
8005:
7992:
7982:
7977:
7945:
7869:
7798:
7709:
7662:
7601:
7532:
7425:
7419:
7371:
7315:Ichthyoplankton
7281:
7213:
7206:
7202:Digital Library
7197:Teleost leptins
7136:Shark cartilage
7060:pharyngeal slit
7055:pharyngeal arch
6991:Anguilliformity
6976:
6974:
6966:
6957:
6876:
6871:
6841:
6832:
6825:
6817:
6810:
6798:
6766:
6745:Lepidosirenidae
6739:
6726:Palaeophichthys
6672:
6653:Potamoceratodus
6585:
6563:Asiatoceratodus
6535:
6530:Ptychoceratodus
6495:
6493:Ceratodontoidei
6482:
6452:
6419:Andreyevichthys
6401:
6389:Rhynchodipterus
6371:
6341:
6297:
6257:Asthenorhynchus
6239:
6227:Sorbitorhynchus
6220:Pillararhynchus
6190:Chirodipteridae
6181:
6151:
6123:Dipnorhynchidae
6114:
6084:
6069:Westollrhynchus
5860:
5847:
5754:
5720:
5699:
5684:
5664:
5633:
5589:
5588:
5578:
5573:
5543:
5538:
5515:
5497:
5459:
5452:
5422:
5417:
5397:²subclasses of
5341:
5317:
5298:
5267:
5262:
5243:
5238:
5219:
5214:
5194:
5189:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5160:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5132:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5100:
5067:
5046:
5041:Aplousobranchia
5017:
5007:Stolidobranchia
4991:
4973:
4972:
4955:
4946:
4934:Cephalochordata
4924:
4898:
4891:
4846:
4836:tellapallet.com
4830:
4822:
4806:
4791:
4790:
4776:
4763:
4761:
4659:
4657:Further reading
4654:
4609:
4605:
4552:
4548:
4543:
4539:
4534:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4511:Wayback Machine
4502:
4498:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4454:
4450:
4442:
4438:
4430:
4426:
4420:Wayback Machine
4411:
4407:
4399:
4395:
4387:
4383:
4336:
4332:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4302:
4295:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4266:
4261:
4257:
4252:. Animal World.
4248:
4247:
4243:
4223:
4219:
4200:
4196:
4161:
4157:
4128:(3): e1822369.
4114:
4110:
4099:
4088:
4077:
4070:
4025:
4021:
3986:
3979:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3911:
3899:
3898:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3879:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3811:
3810:
3801:
3758:
3754:
3744:
3742:
3741:on 20 July 2011
3731:
3727:
3708:
3704:
3699:on 11 June 2010
3696:
3665:
3659:
3655:
3604:(11): e113898.
3582:
3578:
3568:
3566:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3541:Greenwood Press
3530:
3526:
3481:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3398:
3389:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3326:
3274:
3265:
3178:Ptychoceratodus
3083:
3024:
2965:
2906:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2584:Lepidosirenidae
2574:
2511:
2499:Ptychoceratodus
2427:
2322:Ceratodontoidei
2312:
2203:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2003:Andreyevichthys
1974:
1965:
1781:
1772:
1760:Sorbitorhynchus
1742:Pillararhynchus
1720:
1561:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1354:Westollrhynchus
1266:Tetrapodomorpha
1233:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1202:
1190:
1176:Heinrich Harder
1162:
1136:River basin in
1008:gilled lungfish
1002:Gilled lungfish
842:New South Wales
791:Gilled lungfish
753:Lepidosirenidae
716:
714:Extant lungfish
647:
631:Sydney Aquarium
550:
541:
516:
469:
342:
334:
260:Lepidosirenidae
230:
213:
137:
113:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
47:
46:
43:
35:
32:Lungfish (band)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8142:
8132:
8131:
8126:
8109:
8108:
8106:
8105:
8095:
8082:
8069:
8056:
8046:
8033:
8018:
8002:
8000:
7994:
7993:
7979:
7978:
7976:
7975:
7963:
7950:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7943:
7933:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7921:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7877:
7875:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7867:
7866:
7865:
7860:
7850:
7849:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7828:
7827:
7826:
7821:
7810:
7808:
7804:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7796:
7795:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7774:
7773:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7719:
7717:
7715:Wild fisheries
7711:
7710:
7708:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7681:
7679:
7670:
7664:
7663:
7661:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7638:Hallucinogenic
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7609:
7607:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7543:
7541:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7513:Schooling fish
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7473:Filter feeders
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7448:Bottom feeders
7445:
7440:
7435:
7429:
7427:
7421:
7420:
7418:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7381:
7379:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7368:
7367:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7291:
7289:
7283:
7282:
7280:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7218:
7216:
7208:
7207:
7205:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7193:
7192:
7187:
7177:
7176:
7175:
7170:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7149:
7148:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7117:
7116:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7094:Leydig's organ
7091:
7090:
7089:
7087:pharyngeal jaw
7084:
7074:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7040:branchial arch
7032:
7031:
7030:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7009:
7008:
7003:
6993:
6988:
6982:
6980:
6968:
6967:
6960:
6958:
6956:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6887:
6885:
6878:
6877:
6870:
6869:
6862:
6855:
6847:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6757:
6749:
6747:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6737:
6730:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6704:Microceratodus
6700:
6693:
6685:
6683:
6681:Gnathorhizidae
6674:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6663:
6656:
6649:
6645:Microceratodus
6641:
6634:
6627:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6598:
6596:
6594:Ceratodontidae
6587:
6586:
6584:
6583:
6576:
6566:
6556:
6545:
6543:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6533:
6523:
6513:
6502:
6496:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6480:
6473:
6465:
6463:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6443:
6436:
6433:Phaneropleuron
6429:
6422:
6414:
6412:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6392:
6384:
6382:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6362:
6354:
6352:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6332:
6325:
6318:
6315:Amadeodipterus
6310:
6308:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6295:
6288:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6252:
6250:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6237:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6194:
6192:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6172:
6164:
6162:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6142:
6135:
6127:
6125:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6105:
6097:
6095:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6072:
6062:
6052:
6042:
6032:
6022:
6012:
6002:
5992:
5982:
5972:
5962:
5952:
5942:
5932:
5922:
5912:
5902:
5892:
5882:
5871:
5861:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5838:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5810:
5803:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5775:
5767:
5765:
5763:Porolepiformes
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5742:
5731:
5721:
5716:
5709:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5651:
5645:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5629:
5620:
5611:
5602:
5596:
5580:
5579:
5572:
5571:
5564:
5557:
5549:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5525:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5471:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5451:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5428:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5409:
5401:
5395:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5334:
5327:
5325:
5316:
5315:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5290:
5283:
5281:
5272:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5254:
5248:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5230:
5224:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5205:
5199:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5180:
5174:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5152:
5146:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5124:
5118:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5072:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5038:
5035:Phlebobranchia
5031:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5003:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4983:
4977:
4960:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4916:
4910:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4890:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4844:
4828:
4820:
4808:"Dipnoiformes"
4804:
4775:
4774:External links
4772:
4771:
4770:
4741:
4710:
4701:
4675:(4): 331–349.
4658:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4603:
4546:
4537:
4528:
4514:
4496:
4478:
4460:
4448:
4436:
4424:
4405:
4393:
4381:
4330:
4319:Animal-World.
4311:
4300:
4293:
4275:
4264:
4255:
4241:
4233:Miall, Bernard
4217:
4194:
4155:
4108:
4086:
4068:
4039:(1): 146–161.
4019:
3977:
3920:
3909:
3855:
3822:
3799:
3752:
3725:
3702:
3676:(3): 358–372,
3653:
3576:
3546:
3524:
3470:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3414:
3411:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3047:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2988:
2983:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2529:Gnathorhizidae
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1281:
1280:
1269:
1258:
1255:Porolepiformes
1235:
1234:
1193:
1191:
1184:
1161:
1158:
1079:cycloid scales
992:Paris japonica
961:external gills
917:palatoquadrate
853:in Africa and
808:
807:
801:
800:
794:
793:
787:
786:
781:
774:
768:
767:
762:
755:
749:
748:
743:
738:
732:
731:
728:
725:
715:
712:
667:sarcopterygian
646:
643:
623:Shedd Aquarium
612:Gnathorhizidae
603:to less-toxic
549:
546:
540:
537:
515:
512:
468:
465:
455:replacing the
434:paedomorphosis
368:, but in post-
341:
338:
333:
330:
275:
274:
270:
269:
268:
267:
262:
257:
243:
242:
238:
237:
225:
221:
220:
208:
201:
200:
195:
188:
187:
182:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
131:
130:
124:
123:
115:
114:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8141:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8121:
8119:
8102:
8096:
8092:
8087:
8083:
8079:
8074:
8070:
8066:
8061:
8057:
8053:
8047:
8043:
8038:
8034:
8029:
8023:
8019:
8014:
8008:
8004:
8003:
8001:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7986:
7974:
7973:
7964:
7962:
7961:
7952:
7951:
7948:
7942:
7941:more lists...
7934:
7932:
7929:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7896:Fish families
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7881:Aquarium life
7879:
7878:
7876:
7872:
7864:
7863:fleshy-finned
7861:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7854:
7851:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7832:
7831:Cartilaginous
7829:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7816:
7815:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7805:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7779:
7778:
7775:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7751:
7748:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7721:
7720:
7718:
7716:
7712:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7678:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7610:
7608:
7604:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7535:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7468:Electric fish
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7422:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7374:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7288:
7284:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7209:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7181:
7178:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7147:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7099:Mauthner cell
7097:
7095:
7092:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7036:
7033:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7018:Chromatophore
7016:
7014:
7011:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6979:
6973:
6969:
6964:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6884:
6879:
6875:
6868:
6863:
6861:
6856:
6854:
6849:
6848:
6845:
6829:
6824:
6821:
6814:
6808:
6802:
6796:
6791:
6785:
6763:
6762:
6758:
6756:
6755:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6736:
6735:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6714:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6675:
6669:
6668:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6657:
6655:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6638:Metaceratodus
6635:
6633:
6632:
6631:Lupaceratodus
6628:
6626:
6625:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6588:
6582:
6581:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6557:
6555:
6554:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6542:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6524:
6522:
6521:
6520:Paraceratodus
6514:
6512:
6511:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6494:
6489:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6470:Ganopristodus
6467:
6466:
6464:
6462:
6455:
6449:
6448:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6435:
6434:
6430:
6428:
6427:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6404:
6398:
6397:
6396:Soederberghia
6393:
6391:
6390:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6351:
6350:Fleurantiidae
6344:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6331:
6330:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6307:
6300:
6294:
6293:
6289:
6287:
6286:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6268:
6266:
6265:
6264:Griphognathus
6261:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6242:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6210:
6208:
6207:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6199:Chirodipterus
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6184:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6169:Archaeonectes
6166:
6165:
6163:
6161:
6160:Stomiahykidae
6154:
6148:
6147:
6146:Speonesydrion
6143:
6141:
6140:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6132:Dipnorhynchus
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6102:Melanognathus
6099:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6093:Uranolophidae
6087:
6081:
6080:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6019:Rhinodipterus
6013:
6011:
6010:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5973:
5971:
5970:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5953:
5951:
5950:
5949:Iranorhynchus
5943:
5941:
5940:
5933:
5931:
5930:
5923:
5921:
5920:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5909:Dianodipterus
5903:
5901:
5900:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5854:
5844:
5843:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5739:Arquatichthys
5733:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5714:
5710:
5698:
5697:
5691:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5659:
5658:Gnathostomata
5655:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5643:Gnathostomata
5640:
5636:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5618:Sarcopterygii
5615:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5570:
5565:
5563:
5558:
5556:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5494:
5490:
5488:
5487:Gnathostomata
5484:
5482:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5457:
5456:Sarcopterygii
5449:
5444:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5400:
5399:Sarcopterygii
5396:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5304:Archelosauria
5301:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5265:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5241:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5217:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5192:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5167:Sarcopterygii
5163:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5135:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5111:Gnathostomata
5107:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5070:
5065:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4974:(Urochordata)
4968:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4953:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4921:
4920:Deuterostomia
4917:
4915:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4896:
4888:
4883:
4881:
4876:
4874:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4787:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4718:
4711:
4707:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4661:
4660:
4648:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4623:(1): 93–101.
4622:
4618:
4614:
4607:
4599:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4550:
4541:
4532:
4526:
4521:
4519:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4500:
4492:
4488:
4482:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4457:
4452:
4445:
4440:
4433:
4428:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4409:
4402:
4397:
4390:
4385:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4334:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4309:
4304:
4296:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4273:
4268:
4259:
4251:
4245:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4221:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4198:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4159:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4104:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4082:
4075:
4073:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4023:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3982:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3918:
3913:
3905:
3893:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3721:
3717:
3716:Human Anatomy
3713:
3706:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:sarcopterygii
3580:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3410:
3402:
3401:
3393:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3375:
3374:
3366:
3365:
3357:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3269:
3268:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3203:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3153:Paraceratodus
3146:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3098:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3012:Ganopristodus
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2928:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2876:Chirodipterus
2869:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2849:
2848:
2840:
2839:
2831:
2830:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2804:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2786:
2785:
2777:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2749:
2741:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2723:
2722:
2714:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2696:
2695:
2687:
2686:
2678:
2677:
2669:
2668:
2660:
2659:
2651:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2633:
2632:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2474:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2390:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2355:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2337:Paraceratodus
2330:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2300:Ganopristodus
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1935:Griphognathus
1928:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1910:Soederberghia
1903:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1583:Melanognathus
1576:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1422:Speonesydrion
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1404:Dipnorhynchus
1397:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:cartilaginous
1288:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1231:
1228:
1220:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1194:This section
1192:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1128:Basin of the
1127:
1126:Kouilou-Niari
1123:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:are inserted
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:pectoral fins
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
988:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
958:
957:metamorphosis
954:
950:
946:
937:
933:
930:
929:pectoral fins
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
866:
862:
860:
856:
852:
847:
846:living fossil
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
814:
806:
802:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785:
780:
779:
773:
772:Protopteridae
769:
766:
761:
760:
756:
754:
751:
750:
747:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
729:
726:
723:
722:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:Carboniferous
692:
691:Carboniferous
688:
684:
680:
679:
674:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
642:
640:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
552:Lungfish are
545:
536:
533:
529:
525:
521:
511:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
482:
478:
473:
464:
462:
459:, caudal and
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
408:
403:
402:Lissamphibian
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
337:
329:
327:
326:Carboniferous
323:
319:
315:
314:South America
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
295:Sarcopterygii
292:
288:
285:
281:
273:
266:
265:Protopteridae
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
251:
247:
246:
244:
239:
234:
229:
226:
223:
222:
217:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
185:Sarcopterygii
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
141:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
116:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7997:
7970:
7958:
7858:spiny-finned
7807:Major groups
7528:Intelligence
7508:Scale eaters
7453:Cleaner fish
7335:Mouthbrooder
7287:Reproduction
7262:Schreckstoff
7247:Lateral line
7163:Swim bladder
7153:Spiral valve
7082:hyomandibula
7065:pseudobranch
6948:Hypoxia in -
6787:
6759:
6752:
6732:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6702:
6695:
6688:
6665:
6658:
6651:
6643:
6636:
6629:
6624:Epiceratodus
6622:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6580:Neoceratodus
6578:
6573:Mioceratodus
6571:
6561:
6551:
6528:
6518:
6508:
6475:
6468:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6394:
6387:
6364:
6357:
6336:Howidipterus
6334:
6327:
6320:
6313:
6292:Xeradipterus
6290:
6283:
6278:Iowadipterus
6276:
6271:Holodipterus
6269:
6262:
6255:
6248:Holodontidae
6232:
6225:
6218:
6211:
6206:Gogodipterus
6204:
6197:
6174:
6167:
6144:
6139:Ganorhynchus
6137:
6130:
6107:
6100:
6077:
6067:
6057:
6049:Tarachomylax
6047:
6037:
6027:
6017:
6009:Proceratodus
6007:
5999:Orlovichthys
5997:
5987:
5977:
5967:
5957:
5947:
5937:
5927:
5917:
5907:
5897:
5887:
5877:
5857:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5814:Laccognathus
5812:
5807:Holoptychius
5805:
5798:
5791:
5784:
5777:
5770:
5747:
5737:
5694:
5622:
5613:
5609:Osteichthyes
5604:
5533:
5528:
5520:
5493:Osteichthyes
5485:Infraphylum
5411:
5404:
5390:
5337:Aves (birds)
5279:Lepidosauria
5208:
5139:Euteleostomi
5083:Cyclostomata
4918:Superphylum
4851:
4840:the original
4835:
4816:the original
4811:
4786:the original
4762:. Retrieved
4758:the original
4753:
4749:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4705:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4620:
4616:
4606:
4563:
4559:
4549:
4540:
4531:
4525:Fishbase.org
4499:
4490:
4481:
4472:
4463:
4456:Fishbase.org
4451:
4439:
4432:Fishbase.org
4427:
4408:
4401:Fishbase.org
4396:
4384:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4325:Animal World
4324:
4314:
4308:Fishbase.org
4303:
4284:
4278:
4267:
4258:
4244:
4236:
4227:
4220:
4212:
4207:
4197:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4102:
4080:
4036:
4032:
4022:
3997:
3993:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3912:
3882:25 September
3880:. Retrieved
3869:The Guardian
3868:
3858:
3846:. Retrieved
3842:the original
3838:Star Tribune
3837:
3817:The Guardian
3816:
3772:(1): 71–89.
3769:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3743:. Retrieved
3739:the original
3728:
3720:the original
3715:
3705:
3694:the original
3673:
3670:Paleobiology
3669:
3656:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3579:
3569:23 September
3567:. Retrieved
3563:the original
3559:Science-Week
3558:
3549:
3536:
3527:
3492:
3488:
3461:. Retrieved
3458:www.itis.gov
3457:
3448:
3434:Polypteridae
3432:
3425:
3418:
3408:
3311:
3310:
3293:
3292:
3252:Neoceratodus
3250:
3249:
3235:Mioceratodus
3233:
3231:
3208:
3206:
3176:
3174:
3151:
3149:
3126:
3124:
3103:
3101:
3069:
3067:
3051:
3049:
3010:
3008:
2992:
2990:
2951:
2949:
2933:
2931:
2892:
2890:
2874:
2872:
2855:
2614:
2613:
2596:
2595:
2560:
2558:
2542:
2540:
2497:
2495:
2479:
2477:
2447:
2445:
2414:Neoceratodus
2412:
2411:
2397:Mioceratodus
2395:
2393:
2360:
2358:
2335:
2333:
2298:
2296:
2280:
2278:
2248:
2246:
2225:Orlovichthys
2223:
2221:
2144:
2142:
2126:
2124:
2103:Howidipterus
2101:
2099:
2076:
2074:
2051:
2049:
2026:
2024:
2001:
1999:
1953:Holodipterus
1951:
1949:
1933:
1931:
1908:
1906:
1876:
1874:
1853:Sinodipterus
1851:
1849:
1826:
1824:
1801:
1799:
1758:
1756:
1740:
1738:
1708:Gogodipterus
1706:
1704:
1688:
1686:
1649:
1647:
1624:
1622:
1601:Tarachomylax
1599:
1597:
1581:
1579:
1547:
1545:
1531:Iowadipterus
1529:
1527:
1497:
1495:
1472:
1470:
1420:
1418:
1402:
1400:
1377:
1375:
1352:
1350:
1320:
1318:
1301:
1297:monophyletic
1289:
1282:
1248:
1238:
1223:
1217:October 2020
1214:
1203:Please help
1198:verification
1195:
1169:
1145:
1121:
1115:
1038:
1032:
1011:
1005:
990:
984:
948:
942:
909:premaxillary
904:
894:Paraná River
892:, and lower
877:
871:
858:
838:Neoceratodus
837:
825:
819:
776:
757:
741:Neoceratodus
740:
676:
670:
669:progenitor.
648:
639:its namesake
635:
616:
609:
586:
551:
542:
517:
501:
497:gas exchange
493:gas bladders
486:
480:
442:
431:
412:
405:
391:
343:
335:
307:
291:Osteichthyes
286:
279:
278:
271:
233:J. P. Müller
227:
204:
191:
178:
36:
8022:Wikispecies
7972:WikiProject
7931:Prehistoric
7915:Threatened
7606:Other types
7503:Sardine run
7478:Forage fish
7458:Corallivory
7310:Development
7295:Bubble nest
7168:physoclisti
7158:Suckermouth
7131:Root effect
6953:Ichthyology
6761:Protopterus
6754:Lepidosiren
6719:Namatozodia
6712:Monongahela
6697:Gnathorhiza
6447:Scaumenacia
6213:Palaedaphus
6176:Stomiahykus
6109:Uranolophus
6079:Youngolepis
5979:Megapleuron
5786:Glyptolepis
5772:Duffichthys
5718:Dipnomorpha
5696:Dipnomorpha
5670:Dipnomorpha
5627:Rhipidistia
5576:Dipnomorpha
5491:Superclass
5323:Archosauria
5196:Rhipidistia
4912:(unranked)
4812:Palaeos.com
4729:(7): 9–70.
3940:(1): 2390.
3900:|last=
3745:31 December
3533:Piper, Ross
3495:: 209–219.
3313:Protopterus
3295:Lepidosiren
3053:Gnathorhiza
2616:Protopterus
2598:Lepidosiren
2544:Gnathorhiza
2028:Scaumenacia
1499:Stomiahykus
1474:Uranolophus
1285:Rhipidistia
1277:coelacanths
1273:Rhipidistia
1262:Dipnomorpha
1063:pelvic fins
1016:East Africa
976:. The only
859:N. forsteri
778:Protopterus
759:Lepidosiren
672:Youngolepis
663:coelacanths
562:crustaceans
211:Dipnomorpha
198:Rhipidistia
8118:Categories
7587:Groundfish
7582:Freshwater
7577:Euryhaline
7562:Coral reef
7498:Salmon run
7488:Paedophagy
7390:Amphibious
7377:Locomotion
7185:pharyngeal
7173:physostome
7126:Photophore
7072:Glossohyal
7045:gill raker
7028:dorsal fin
6978:physiology
6690:Beltanodus
6667:Tellerodus
6461:Uronemidae
6440:Pentlandia
6366:Fleurantia
6306:Dipteridae
6039:Straitonia
5939:Ichnomylax
5919:Eoctenodus
5899:Diabolepis
5889:Conchopoma
5842:Ventalepis
5779:Durialepis
5749:Powichthys
5679:see below↓
5481:Vertebrata
5479:Subphylum
5069:Vertebrata
5023:Enterogona
4957:Olfactores
3848:6 February
3640:. 10.1371.
3441:References
2994:Conchopoma
2282:Conchopoma
2146:Fleurentia
1651:Adololopas
1379:Ichnomylax
1322:Diabolepis
1250:Powichthys
1091:dorsal fin
1075:gill slits
1045:and small
974:vertebrate
970:base pairs
708:Cretaceous
683:Lochkovian
678:Diabolepis
597:metabolism
593:physiology
589:estivating
574:amphibians
554:omnivorous
453:caudal fin
415:vertebrate
358:skull roof
18:Lungfishes
7836:chimaeras
7723:Predatory
7700:Salmonids
7658:Whitefish
7648:Poisonous
7623:Diversity
7557:Coldwater
7493:Predatory
7483:Migratory
7443:Bait ball
7426:behaviour
7345:Pregnancy
7340:Polyandry
7114:papillare
7109:Operculum
7104:Meristics
7050:gill slit
7013:Cleithrum
6943:Fish kill
6933:Fear of -
6926:- as food
6916:Fisheries
6901:Evolution
6891:Diversity
6617:Ceratodus
6603:Arganodus
6426:Nielsenia
6359:Barwickia
6322:Conchodus
6029:Sagenodus
5959:Isityumzi
5929:Gosfordia
5835:Quebecius
5821:Porolepis
5592:Kingdom:
5221:Tetrapoda
4914:Bilateria
4717:Sagenodus
4360:0018-067X
4175:: 63–67.
4150:225133051
4142:0272-4634
4063:131962612
4055:0022-3360
4014:0305-0270
3954:2041-1723
3892:cite news
3877:0261-3077
3519:0031-0182
3420:Ceratodus
3128:Gosfordia
3104:Ceratodus
2953:Sagenodus
2481:Gosfordia
2449:Ceratodus
2128:Barwickia
2078:Sagenodus
1241:bony fish
1171:Ceratodus
1150:aestivate
1083:operculum
1071:posterior
978:organisms
913:maxillary
704:Laurasian
687:durophagy
659:tetrapods
645:Evolution
510:and gut.
508:esophagus
423:occlusion
419:Odontodes
407:Latimeria
383:tetrapods
354:primitive
346:notochord
332:Etymology
318:Australia
299:tetrapods
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
8124:Lungfish
8065:49952671
8049:BioLib:
8007:Wikidata
7960:Category
7911:Smallest
7824:lampreys
7787:flatfish
7777:Demersal
7733:mackerel
7728:billfish
7668:Commerce
7597:Tropical
7572:Demersal
7567:Deep-sea
7523:Venomous
7415:RoboTuna
7365:triggers
7360:Spawning
7320:Juvenile
7305:Egg case
6938:FishBase
6477:Uronemus
6329:Dipterus
6234:Sunwapta
6059:Tranodis
5989:Oervigia
5879:Ctenodus
5800:Heimenia
5600:Chordata
5598:Phylum:
5594:Animalia
5475:Chordata
5469:Animalia
5467:Kingdom
4971:Tunicata
4908:Animalia
4906:Kingdom
4895:chordate
4856:Archived
4824:"Dipnoi"
4794:cite web
4697:28339324
4689:16805898
4647:28082606
4598:23598338
4507:Archived
4473:FishBase
4416:Archived
4368:17565357
4340:Heredity
4189:22778872
3972:35501345
3794:44787314
3690:87285937
3638:25427173
3598:PLOS ONE
3535:(2007).
3463:13 March
3413:See also
2935:Ctenodus
2894:Dipterus
2053:Adelargo
1626:Dipterus
1549:Jessenia
1160:Taxonomy
1085:and the
1051:eel-like
901:obligate
890:Paraguay
730:Species
710:period.
700:Jurassic
698:and the
651:Devonian
570:mollusks
445:pectoral
417:group. "
392:Through
375:homology
370:Devonian
322:Devonian
280:Lungfish
172:Chordata
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
42:Lungfish
8101:4145738
8013:Q168422
7906:Largest
7819:hagfish
7814:Jawless
7792:pollock
7765:sardine
7760:herring
7755:anchovy
7705:Tilapia
7695:Octopus
7690:Catfish
7677:Farming
7592:Pelagic
7552:Coastal
7539:habitat
7395:Walking
7300:Clasper
7252:Otolith
7214:systems
7212:Sensory
7146:ganoine
7121:Papilla
6972:Anatomy
6911:Fishing
6660:Retodus
6610:Ariguna
5793:Hamodus
5473:Phylum
5454:Extant
5412:italics
5245:Amniota
4897:classes
4893:Extant
4852:YouTube
4665:dipnoan
4638:5381532
4589:3633110
4568:Bibcode
4444:EOL.org
4389:EOL.org
4376:5406138
3963:9061808
3786:1155792
3629:4245222
3606:Bibcode
3592:dipnoi
3497:Bibcode
1103:ventral
1073:to the
982:protist
921:cranium
830:endemic
724:Family
627:Chicago
601:ammonia
582:stomach
558:insects
504:bichirs
366:cosmine
364:called
224:Class:
216:Ahlberg
8098:uBio:
8078:161039
8042:Dipnoi
8028:Dipnoi
7998:Dipnoi
7924:sharks
7841:sharks
7770:sprats
7750:Forage
7738:salmon
7618:Coarse
7400:Flying
7272:Vision
7227:Barbel
7141:Scales
7001:dermal
6881:About
5858:Dipnoi
5521:Dipnoi
5269:Sauria
4764:17 May
4695:
4687:
4645:
4635:
4596:
4586:
4560:Nature
4374:
4366:
4358:
4291:
4187:
4148:
4140:
4061:
4053:
4012:
3970:
3960:
3952:
3875:
3792:
3784:
3688:
3636:
3626:
3517:
1099:dorsal
1097:. The
1057:. The
1020:extant
966:genome
953:scales
897:basins
886:Amazon
882:swamps
727:Genus
653:, the
524:oxygen
457:dorsal
449:pelvic
438:genome
398:choana
316:, and
310:Africa
287:Dipnoi
248:Order
235:, 1844
228:Dipnoi
218:, 1991
8091:57668
8052:16162
7886:Blind
7874:Lists
7653:Rough
7518:Sleep
7424:Other
7190:shark
7180:Teeth
5623:Clade
5614:Clade
5605:Clade
4996:Acopa
4693:S2CID
4372:S2CID
4185:S2CID
4171:. 2.
4146:S2CID
4059:S2CID
3790:S2CID
3697:(PDF)
3686:S2CID
3666:(PDF)
1154:mucus
1138:Gabon
1134:Ogowe
1067:gills
1043:snout
828:, is
566:worms
467:Lungs
350:Basal
284:class
205:Clade
192:Clade
179:Clade
8073:ITIS
7919:rays
7853:Bony
7846:rays
7743:tuna
7685:Carp
7643:Oily
7628:Game
7613:Bait
7547:Cave
7330:Milt
7035:Gill
7023:Fins
6996:Bone
6883:fish
6874:Fish
5656:see
4800:link
4766:2011
4685:PMID
4643:PMID
4594:PMID
4364:PMID
4356:ISSN
4289:ISBN
4138:ISSN
4051:ISSN
4010:ISSN
3968:PMID
3950:ISSN
3904:help
3884:2024
3873:ISSN
3850:2017
3782:PMID
3747:2010
3634:PMID
3571:2011
3515:ISSN
3465:2023
1148:can
1132:and
1116:The
1095:ribs
1087:anus
1055:fins
1047:eyes
1033:The
1006:The
943:The
911:and
872:The
851:four
820:The
675:and
605:urea
461:anal
447:and
53:PreꞒ
8060:EoL
8037:ADW
7782:cod
7537:By
7350:Roe
7077:Jaw
6975:and
4754:364
4731:doi
4677:doi
4633:PMC
4625:doi
4584:PMC
4576:doi
4564:496
4348:doi
4177:doi
4130:doi
4041:doi
4002:doi
3958:PMC
3942:doi
3774:doi
3770:182
3764:".
3678:doi
3624:PMC
3614:doi
3505:doi
3493:471
1207:by
1174:by
855:one
625:in
410:).
381:or
8120::
8088::
8075::
8062::
8039::
8024::
8009::
5625::
5616::
5607::
4854:.
4850:.
4834:.
4810:.
4796:}}
4792:{{
4752:.
4748:.
4727:61
4725:.
4721:.
4691:.
4683:.
4671:.
4641:.
4631:.
4619:.
4615:.
4592:.
4582:.
4574:.
4562:.
4558:.
4517:^
4489:.
4471:.
4370:.
4362:.
4354:.
4344:99
4342:.
4323:.
4183:.
4144:.
4136:.
4126:40
4124:.
4120:.
4089:^
4071:^
4057:.
4049:.
4037:91
4035:.
4031:.
4008:.
3998:50
3996:.
3992:.
3980:^
3966:.
3956:.
3948:.
3938:13
3936:.
3932:.
3896::
3894:}}
3890:{{
3871:.
3867:.
3836:.
3825:^
3815:.
3802:^
3788:.
3780:.
3768:.
3714:.
3684:,
3674:23
3672:,
3668:,
3632:.
3622:.
3612:.
3600:.
3596:.
3594:)"
3590::
3557:.
3539:.
3513:.
3503:.
3491:.
3487:.
3473:^
3456:.
1299:.
1144:.
1120:,
1037:,
1010:,
947:,
888:,
876:,
824:,
614:.
584:.
572:,
568:,
564:,
560:,
499:.
352:("
312:,
305:.
207::
194::
181::
103:Pg
6866:e
6859:t
6852:v
6729:?
6707:?
6678:†
6648:?
6591:†
6569:†
6559:†
6549:†
6526:†
6516:†
6506:†
6458:†
6407:†
6377:†
6347:†
6303:†
6245:†
6187:†
6157:†
6120:†
6090:†
6075:†
6065:†
6055:†
6045:†
6035:†
6025:†
6015:†
6005:†
5995:†
5985:†
5975:†
5965:†
5955:†
5945:†
5935:†
5925:†
5915:†
5905:†
5895:†
5885:†
5875:†
5760:†
5745:†
5735:†
5568:e
5561:t
5554:v
5447:e
5440:t
5433:v
5333:³
5314:³
5295:³
5289:³
5211:²
5186:²
5043:¹
5037:¹
5009:¹
4886:e
4879:t
4872:v
4802:)
4768:.
4739:.
4733::
4699:.
4679::
4673:8
4649:.
4627::
4621:9
4600:.
4578::
4570::
4493:.
4475:.
4378:.
4350::
4327:.
4297:.
4191:.
4179::
4173:2
4152:.
4132::
4065:.
4043::
4016:.
4004::
3974:.
3944::
3906:)
3886:.
3852:.
3796:.
3776::
3749:.
3680::
3651:.
3616::
3608::
3602:9
3573:.
3543:.
3521:.
3507::
3499::
3467:.
3232:†
3207:†
3175:†
3150:†
3125:†
3102:†
3068:†
3050:†
3009:†
2991:†
2950:†
2932:†
2891:†
2873:†
2559:†
2541:†
2527:†
2496:†
2478:†
2446:†
2394:†
2359:†
2334:†
2297:†
2279:†
2247:†
2222:†
2143:†
2125:†
2100:†
2075:†
2050:†
2025:†
2000:†
1950:†
1932:†
1907:†
1875:†
1850:†
1825:†
1800:†
1757:†
1739:†
1705:†
1687:†
1648:†
1623:†
1598:†
1580:†
1546:†
1528:†
1496:†
1471:†
1419:†
1401:†
1376:†
1351:†
1319:†
1279:.
1268:.
1257:.
1230:)
1224:(
1219:)
1215:(
1201:.
483:)
479:(
108:N
98:K
93:J
88:T
83:P
78:C
73:D
68:S
63:O
58:Ꞓ
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
