226:(software as a service) model. All data in a vendor-hosted system is housed by the supplier and accessed by users through the internet, on a computer or mobile device. Vendor-hosted systems are typically easier to use and require less technical expertise. An LMS that is locally hosted sees all data pertaining to the LMS hosted internally on the users′ internal servers. Locally hosted LMS software will often be open-source, meaning users will acquire (either through payment or free of charge) the LMS software and its code. With this, the user is able to modify and maintain the software through an internal team. Individuals and smaller organizations tend to stick with cloud-based systems due to the cost of internal hosting and maintenance.
241:
it delivers learning content and tools straight to learners, and assessment can be automated. It can also reach marginalized groups through special settings. Such systems have built-in customizable features including assessment and tracking. Thus, learners can see in real time their progress and instructors can monitor and communicate the effectiveness of learning. One of the most important features of LMS is trying to create a streamline communication between learners and instructors. Such systems, besides facilitating online learning, tracking learning progress, providing digital learning tools, managing communication, and maybe selling content, may be used to provide different communication features.
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47:. Learning management systems make up the largest segment of the learning system market. The first introduction of the LMS was in the late 1990s. LMSs have been adopted by almost all higher education institutions in the English-speaking world. Learning management systems have faced a massive growth in usage due to the emphasis on remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
412:, while participants reported being less satisfied with the learning process that is achieved in the LMS. A study among Indian students has suggested that a negative experience with an LMS can leave "the learner with a passive, un-engaging experience, leading to incomplete learning and low performance".
493:
reported high levels of acceptance for LMS technology, however, training support and developing methods for maintaining student engagement are key to long-term success. In developing nations, the transition to LMS usage faced many challenges, which included a lower number of colleges and universities
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Students' exchange of feedback both with teachers and their peers is possible through LMS. Teachers may create discussion groups to allow students feedback, share their knowledge on topics and increase the interaction in course. Students' feedback is an instrument which help teachers to improve their
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Through an LMS, teachers may create and integrate course materials, articulate learning goals, align content and assessments, track studying progress, and create customized tests for students. An LMS allows the communication of learning objectives, and organize learning timelines. An LMS perk is that
72:
An LMS delivers and manages all types of content, including videos, courses, workshops, and documents. In the education and higher education markets, an LMS will include a variety of functionality that is similar to corporate but will have features such as rubrics, teacher and instructor-facilitated
254:
Learning management systems may be used to create professionally structured course content. The teacher can add text, images, videos, pdfs, tables, links and text formatting, interactive tests, slideshows, etc. Moreover, they can create different types of users, such as teachers, students, parents,
101:
initiated a shorthand course, wherein he sent a passage of the Bible to students, who would send it back in full transcription. The success of the course resulted in the foundation of the phonographic correspondence society in 1843. The pioneering milestone in distance language teaching was in 1856
50:
Learning management systems were designed to identify training and learning gaps, using analytical data and reporting. LMSs are focused on online learning delivery but support a range of uses, acting as a platform for online content, including courses, both asynchronous based and synchronous based.
477:
through the use of
Learning Management Systems became the focal point of teaching and learning. For example, statistics taken from a university’s LMS during the initial school closure period (March to June 2020) indicate that student submissions and activity nearly doubled from pre-pandemic usage
157:
decided to hold telecast classes to their students for approximately 13–15 hours a week. The classes took place in 1953, while in 1956, Robin McKinnon Wood and Gordon Pask released the first adaptive teaching system for corporate environments SAKI. The idea of automating teaching operations also
152:
In the 1980s, modern telecommunications started to be used in education. Computers became prominent in the daily use of higher education institutions, as well as instruments to student learning. Computer-aided teaching aimed to integrate technical and educational means. The trend then shifted to
263:
An LMS can enable instructors to create automated assessments and assignments for learners, which are accessible and submitted online. Most platforms allow a variety of different question types such as: one/multi-line answer; multiple choice answer; ordering; free text; matching; essay; true or
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which enabled users to exchange content regardless of their location. In the period between 1970 and 1980, educational venues were rapidly considering the idea of computerizing courses, including the
Western Behavioral Sciences Institute from California which introduced the first accredited
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Learning management systems will often incorporate dashboards to track student or user progress. They can then report on key items such as completion rates, attendance data and success likelihood. Utilising these metrics can help facilitators better understand gaps in user knowledge.
346:
In the relatively new LMS market, commercial providers for corporate applications and education range from new entrants to those that entered the market in 1990. In addition to commercial packages, many open-source solutions are available.
255:
visitors and editors (hierarchies). It helps control which content students can access, track studying progress and engage students with contact tools. Teachers can manage courses and modules, enroll students or set up self-enrollment.
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This, in a sense, was "multimedia", because it made use of several media formats to reach students and provide instruction. Later, printed materials would be joined by telephone, radio broadcasts, TV broadcasts, audio, and videotapes.
2177:
Wiley, D. (2002). Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory: A definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy. In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The instructional use of learning objects: Online version. Retrieved 13 March 2005, from
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learning, a discussion board, and often the use of a syllabus. A syllabus is rarely a feature in the corporate LMS, although courses may start with a heading-level index to give learners an overview of topics covered.
2123:
Gibbons, A. S., Nelson, J. M., & Richards, R. (2002). The nature and origin of instructional objects. In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The instructional use of learning objects: Online version. Retrieved 5 April 2005, from
1283:
Schoonenboom, Judith (February 2014). "Using an adapted, task-level technology acceptance model to explain why instructors in higher education intend to use some learning management system tools more than others".
187:(CAL). These terms describe drill-and-practice programs, more sophisticated tutorials, and more individualized instruction, respectively. The term is currently used to describe a number of different educational
430:
Reusability: Reusability refers to the LMS system's ability to be reused for educational content. A critical aspect in lowering the high expenses of developing educational experiences in e-learning settings.
392:
Evaluation of LMSs is a complex task and significant research supports different forms of evaluation, including iterative processes where students' experiences and approaches to learning are evaluated.
1544:
Piccoli, Gabriele; Ahmad, Rami; Ives, Blake (December 2001). "Web-Based
Virtual Learning Environments: A Research Framework and a Preliminary Assessment of Effectiveness in Basic IT Skills Training".
1684:
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There is the potential for instructors to try to directly translate existing support materials into courses which can result in very low interactivity and engagement for learners if not done well.
373:
to create content, which is then hosted on an LMS. In some cases, LMSs that do use a standard include a primitive authoring tool for basic content manipulation. More modern systems, in particular
473:
estimated that as of May 25, 2020, approximately 990,324,537 learners, or 56.6% of the total enrolled students have been affected by COVID-19 related school closures. In many countries,
962:
2031:
Connolly, P. J. (2001). A standard for success. InfoWorld, 23(42), 57-58. EDUCAUSE Evolving
Technologies Committee (2003). Course Management Systems (CMS). Retrieved 25 April 2005, from
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solutions have decided not to adopt a standard and have rich course authoring tools. There are several standards for creating and integrating complex content into an LMS, including
389:, and Learning Tools Interoperability. However, using SCORM or an alternative standardized course protocol is not always required and can be restrictive when used unnecessarily.
1833:"A Methodology to Study the University's Online Teaching Activity from Virtual Platform Indicators: The Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya"
1083:
443:
Adaptability: LMS is always improving, updating, and learning new behaviours quickly. LMS has been active since 1990s and keeps adjusting to the changing society today.
2133:
Hodgins, H. W. (2002). The future of learning objects. In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The instructional use of learning objects: Online version. Retrieved 13 March 2005, from
1204:
Wang, Qiyun; Woo, Huay Lit; Quek, Choon Lang; Yang, Yuqin; Liu, Mei (9 June 2011). "Using the
Facebook group as a learning management system: An exploratory study".
97:, offering teaching materials and tutorials. The first testimony of a bi-directional communication organized correspondence course comes from England, in 1840, when
1589:"Investigating the interrelation between attitudes, learning readiness, and learning styles under virtual learning environment: a study among Indian students"
106:, who began the first European institution of distance learning. This is the first known instance of the use of materials for independent language study.
378:
963:"A Review of the Literature on Computer-Assisted Learning, particularly Integrated Learning Systems, and Outcomes with Respect to Literacy and Numeracy"
481:
Student satisfaction with LMS usage during this period is closely tied to the information quality contained within LMS modules and maintaining student
1588:
637:
966:
823:
588:
1866:"Factors influencing students' satisfaction with continuous use of learning management systems during the COVID-19 pandemic: An empirical study"
1362:"Learning analytics and higher education: a proposed model for establishing informed consent mechanisms to promote student privacy and autonomy"
1923:"Comparing technology acceptance of K-12 teachers with and without prior experience of learning management systems: A Covid-19 pandemic study"
55:. Modern LMSs include intelligent algorithms to make automated recommendations for courses based on a user's skill profile as well as extract
43:
courses, training programs, materials or learning and development programs. The learning management system concept emerged directly from
118:
began developing in the early 20th century, marked by the appearance of audio-video communication systems used for remote teaching. In 1909,
2118:
679:"Social Isolation and Acceptance of the Learning Management System (LMS) in the time of COVID-19 Pandemic: An Expansion of the UTAUT Model"
793:
122:
published his story 'The
Machine Stops' and explained the benefits of using audio communication to deliver lectures to remote audiences.
1037:
889:
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using LMSs before the pandemic, technological infrastructure limitations, and negative attitudes toward technology amongst users.
286:
230:
210:'s NB Learning Network presented a similar system designed for DOS-based teaching, and devoted exclusively to business learners.
129:
developed the first teaching machine which offered multiple types of practical exercises and question formats. Nine years later,
1090:
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Accessibility: The consistent layout using on LMS provides students with disabilities better opportunity to access web content.
1741:
1659:
229:
There are a variety of integration strategies for embedding content into LMSs, including AICC, xAPI (also called 'Tin Can'),
2207:
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Maintenance ability: LMS allows developers to continually enhance their software and better adapt them to their user base.
557:
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started a dramatic shift in the way teachers and students at all levels interact with each other and learning materials.
433:
Durability: Due to the rising adoption of technology into academics, the growth of LMS market is expected to reach a
2168:
2149:
1188:
1509:
Reese, Sasha (September 2015). "Online learning environments in higher education: Connectivism vs. dissociation".
1436:
2212:
1685:"Learning Management System (LMS) Market to Grow USD 40360 Million by 2028 at a CAGR of 17.1% | Valuates Reports"
503:
234:
133:'s Professor M.E. Zerte transformed this machine into a problem cylinder able to compare problems and solutions.
990:"An Argument for Clarity: What are Learning Management Systems, What are They Not, and What Should They Become?"
618:
Davis, B., Carmean, C., & Wagner, E. (2009). "The
Evolution of the LMS : From Management to Learning".
1116:
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work, helps identify what to add or remove from a course, and ensures students feel comfortable and included.
1715:
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in the 1990s and 2000s to deliver online learning across Europe, was one of the earliest internet-based LMSs.
51:
In the higher education space, an LMS may offer classroom management for instructor-led training or a flipped
2202:
180:
1710:
Malavolta, Ivano; Verdecchia, Roberto; Filipovic, Bojan; Bruntink, Magiel; Lago, Patricia (September 2018).
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In the U.S. higher education market as of spring 2021, the top three LMSs by a number of institutions were
172:
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171:
The history of the application of computers to education is filled with broadly descriptive terms such as
2119:
http://www.learningcircuits.org/NR/rdonlyres/BFEC9F41-66C2-42EFBE9D-E4FA0D3CE1CE/7304/LMS_fieldguide1.pdf
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The first known document of correspondence teaching dates back to 1723, through the advertisement in the
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184:
1784:"Challenges and Opportunities for Higher Education amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Philippine Context"
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405:; however, the controversy lies in whether or not they are practical for both teachers and students.
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1241:"Enhancing motivation in online courses with mobile communication tool support: A comparative study"
651:
424:
Interoperability: Data standards on LMS allow information to be exchanged from one system to another
81:
There are several historical phases of distance education that preceded the development of the LMS.
1640:"Enhancing Reusability in learning management systems through the integration of third-party tools"
1462:
1419:
754:"Use of Artificial Intelligent in Learning Management System (LMS): A Systematic Literature Review"
453:
Teachers have to be willing to adapt their curricula from face-to-face lectures to online lectures.
109:
159:
1980:"Determinants of Learning Management Systems during COVID-19 Pandemic for Sustainable Education"
1490:"Minimum indicators to quality assure blended learning supported by learning management systems"
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206:, developed and released by Norway's NKI Distance Education Network in 1991. Three years later,
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Prat, Joana; Llorens, Ariadna; Salvador, Francesc; Alier, Marc; Amo, Daniel (6 May 2021).
8:
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There are six major advantages of LMS which in themselves constitute the concept of LMS.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting, automation, and delivery of
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A field guide to learning management systems. (2005). Retrieved 12 November 2006, from
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Learning
Management system (PLM) developed in the 1970s by Control Data Corporation.
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523: – Use of technology in education to improve learning and teaching (e-learning)
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2093:"The Use of Virtual Learning Environments and Their Impact on Academic Performance"
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Dindar, Muhterem; Suorsa, Anna; Hermes, Jan; Karppinen, Pasi; Näykki, Piia (2021).
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González, Jorge
Fontenla; RodrĂguez, Manuel Caeiro; Llamas, MartĂn (October 2009).
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289:(Sharable Content Object Reference Model), discussion forums or they can undertake
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1066:"The NKI Internet College: A review of 15 years delivery of 10,000 online courses"
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285:(on demand, self-paced) through course content such as pre-recorded videos, PDF,
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2018 IEEE International
Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME)
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Multimedia teaching: The emergence and development of the distance learning idea
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1614:"How do learning management systems differ on accessibility? | AccessComputing"
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1117:"SaaS Learning Management System: Is your LMS Truly SaaS? - eLearning Industry"
570: – Software for educational institutions to manage student and school data
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Both supporters and critics of LMSs recognize the importance of developing
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having over 50% of the market share in Europe, Latin America, and Oceania.
141:
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928:"Interactions: Selection and Use of Media for Open and Distance Learning"
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from learning materials to make such recommendations even more accurate.
40:
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1996:
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Cavus, Nadire; Mohammed, Yakubu; Yakubu, Mohammed Nasiru (6 May 2021).
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Virtual Learning Environments: Using, choosing and developing your VLE
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utilizing video conference communication, live discussions and chats.
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false/yes or no; fill in the gaps; agreement scale and offline tasks.
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The first fully-featured Learning Management System (LMS) was called
94:
52:
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An LMS can be either hosted locally or by a vendor. A vendor-hosted
1366:
International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education
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56:
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The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning
490:
1038:"History and Trends of Learning Management System (Infographic)"
1239:
Chaiprasurt, Chantorn; Esichaikul, Vatcharaporn (5 July 2013).
470:
363:
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1437:"Academic LMS Market Share: A view across four global regions"
1321:"Learning Management System (LMS) Use with Online Instruction"
167:
Teaching through the internet: The appearance of the first LMS
382:
158:
inspired the University of Illinois experts to develop their
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1920:
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Santos, Lara Cristina de Paiva Lourenço dos Santos (2008).
1175:. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 291–293.
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460:
1864:
Alzahrani, Latifa; Seth, Kavita Panwar (1 November 2021).
529: – Computer system to provide instruction to learners
160:
Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations (PLATO)
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911:"A Critical Understanding of Learning Management System"
276:
1637:
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In one study, an LMS led to a reported higher computer
2144:. Scunthorpe: Yorkshire and Humber Grid for Learning.
1463:"SCORM is dead – what are the alternatives to SCORM?"
1238:
1768:
Adaptability support in a learning management system
553:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
543:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
249:
1977:
1712:"How Maintainability Issues of Android Apps Evolve"
965:. New Zealand Ministry of Education. Archived from
465:The suspension of in-school learning caused by the
233:(Sharable Content Object Reference Model) and LTI (
2091:Demian, Peter; Morrice, James (15 December 2015).
2040:"Web-based learning: pros, cons and controversies"
2033:http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/DEC0302.pdf
752:Aldahwan, Nouf; Alsaeed, Nourah I. (August 2020).
362:(15%). Worldwide, the picture was different, with
2013:
981:
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2135:http://reusability.org/read/chapters/hodgins.doc
2126:http://reusability.org/read/chapters/gibbons.doc
2014:Levensaler, Leighann; Laurano, Madeline (2009),
1644:2009 39th IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference
1543:
1325:International Journal of Technology in Education
677:Raza SA, Qazi W, Khan KA, Salam J (April 2021).
517: – Contribution of information to any media
1203:
751:
396:
305:
140:The earliest networked learning system was the
2180:http://reusability.org/read/chapters/wiley.doc
1053:"The History of Distance Learning and the LMS"
758:International Journal of Computer Applications
1863:
1497:Journal of Educational Technology and Society
961:Parr, Judy M.; Fung, Irene (3 October 2006).
1282:
1050:
636:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1734:1871.1/8e9af5ea-dcce-4511-97a5-15a22adab7b1
485:. From the teacher perspective, a study of
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153:video communication, as a result of which
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1206:British Journal of Educational Technology
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859:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
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728:"LMS: The Missing Link and Great Enabler"
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683:Journal of Educational Computing Research
195:by SoftArc, used by the United Kingdom's
179:(ILS), computer-based instruction (CBI),
960:
725:
541: – in education and data management
461:COVID-19 and learning management systems
1781:
1318:
939:
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855:"History and Perspectives of Elearning"
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1870:Education and Information Technologies
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1927:Journal of Computer Assisted Learning
1508:
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794:"A Brief History of Online Education"
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535:– Learning Activity Management System
506: – Set of questions for teachers
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277:Synchronous and asynchronous learning
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1782:Toquero, Cathy Mae (16 April 2020).
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1173:Encyclopedia of Distributed Learning
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2142:Virtually There: Learning Platforms
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1169:"Learning Management Systems (LMS)"
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558:List of learning management systems
13:
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1155:
1055:. ELH Online Learning Made Simple.
652:"LMS Data – The First Year Update"
590:Field Guide to Learning Management
62:
14:
2224:
1360:Jones, Kyle M. L. (2 July 2019).
608:
250:Managing courses, users and roles
1511:Education Information Technology
1421:2021 LMS Data Spring 2021 Update
1319:Bradley, Vaughn Malcolm (2021).
1218:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2011.01195.x
447:
314:
267:
93:of Caleb Phillips, professor of
16:Educational software application
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1115:Lin, Sandi (16 November 2015).
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726:Phillipo, John (27 June 2018).
504:8 learning management questions
235:Learning Tools Interoperability
2017:Talent Management Systems 2010
853:Hubackova, Sarka (June 2015).
846:
824:"History of Distance Learning"
816:
786:
745:
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644:
1:
1298:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.09.016
782:– via researchgate.net.
574:
415:
181:computer-assisted instruction
872:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.594
620:The ELearning Guild Research
510:Competency management system
397:Advantages and disadvantages
306:Learning management industry
173:computer-managed instruction
29:virtual learning environment
7:
2208:Learning management systems
2110:10.11120/ened.2012.07010011
2059:10.7861/clinmedicine.7-1-37
1051:Ashok Sharma (4 May 2015).
988:Watson, William R. (2007).
549:Learning Record Store (LRS)
527:Intelligent tutoring system
497:
244:
177:integrated learning systems
10:
2229:
1882:10.1007/s10639-021-10492-5
1258:10.19173/irrodl.v14i3.1416
828:www.godistancelearning.com
568:Student information system
563:Massive open online course
369:Many users of LMSs use an
281:Students can either learn
185:computer-assisted learning
76:
67:
21:learning management system
2020:, Bersin & Associates
1523:10.1007/s10639-013-9303-7
1379:10.1186/s41239-019-0155-0
1286:Computers & Education
1181:10.4135/9781412950596.n99
1167:Long, Phillip D. (2004).
1040:. Oxagile. 12 April 2016.
1009:10.1007/s11528-007-0023-y
898:archive.ncsa.illinois.edu
551: – data store system
323:This section needs to be
222:system tends to follow a
102:by Charles Toussaint and
1726:10.1109/ICSME.2018.00042
1652:10.1109/FIE.2009.5350672
695:10.1177/0735633120960421
587:Ellis, Ryann K. (2024),
1082:Peter, Berking (2016).
943:Solomon Arulraj DAVID,
909:Solomon Arulraj DAVID,
798:bear.warrington.ufl.edu
593:, Quora, archived from
85:Correspondence teaching
2213:Management cybernetics
1142:"Standard support LMS"
771:10.5120/ijca2020920611
764:(August 2020): 16–26.
521:Educational technology
163:online-taught degree.
2163:. London: Routledge.
2097:Engineering Education
189:computer applications
131:University of Alberta
2203:Educational software
2140:Popat, Kris (2007).
2038:Cook, David (2007).
1788:Pedagogical Research
1720:. pp. 334–344.
945:" Teaching Machines"
291:synchronous learning
104:Gustav Langenscheidt
37:software application
2159:Weller, M. (2007).
1683:Reports, Valuates.
1587:Jena, R.K. (2006).
892:15 May 2014 at the
887:"THE MACHINE STOPS"
834:on 16 February 2019
804:on 13 February 2019
658:. 23 September 2014
403:21st century skills
1997:10.3390/su13095189
1939:10.1111/jcal.12552
1850:10.3390/su13095177
1689:www.prnewswire.com
1618:www.washington.edu
1121:eLearning Industry
297:Learning analytics
155:Houston University
148:Telematic teaching
2047:Clinical Medicine
1743:978-1-5386-7870-1
1661:978-1-4244-4715-2
1084:"Choosing an LMS"
949:teachingmachin.es
597:on 24 August 2014
467:COVID-19 pandemic
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1389:1805/21571
1147:4 February
1126:4 February
1070:irrodl.org
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575:References
416:Advantages
356:Blackboard
193:FirstClass
116:e-learning
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