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such a high-rank official, that there would be an overlap of responsibilities with other
Commissioners and the good functioning of the commission would be endangered. The portfolio was considered insubstantial for a Commissioner due to the limited jurisdiction of the EU in affecting language policy and the more administrative (rather than political character) of the post. In addition, it appeared that the portfolio had been created to complete a 27-strong Commission; Romania's appointment of a technocrat rather than a politician, given the country's deficits in interior and justice policies, especially in terms of corruption, would result in the Romanian Commissioner taking a degraded portfolio. This criticism came from the
31:
614:", European Union institutions play a supporting role in this field, promoting cooperation between the member states and promoting the European dimension in their language policies, particularly through the teaching and dissemination of their languages. The content of educational systems is the responsibility of individual member states and the European Union has very limited influence in this area. However, a number of European Union funded programmes actively promote
485:, where he was responsible for the European Integration Committee, as well as relations with the European Parliament. In 1995, the Association Agreement between the EU and Romania came into force and Orban also dealt with the Secretariat of the Joint Parliamentary Committee EU-Romania. Between May 2001 and December 2004, he served as Deputy Chief Negotiator and from December 2004 to December 2006, as Chief Negotiator with the EU and as Secretary of State of the
2007:. 3 = Served from 1 January 2007. 4 = Vassiliou replaced Kyprianou on 3 March 2008. 5 = Tajani replaced Frattini on 18 June 2008. 6 = Ashton replaced Mandelson on 3 October 2008. 7 = Šemeta replaced Grybauskaitė on 1 July 2009. 8 = Samecki replaced Hübner on 4 July 2009. 9 = De Gucht replaced Michel on 17 July 2009. 10 = Šefčovič replaced Figeľ on 1 October 2009.
766:
with 595 votes in favour, 16 against and 29 abstentions. The
Socialist Group voted for Orban, laying the blame for the portfolio's mandate on the President of the Commission rather than the Commissioner designate. On 1 January 2007 he was appointed by the Council and on 22 January 2007, in a ceremony
723:
The assignment of the multilingualism portfolio to the
Romanian Commissioner by Barroso was highly controversial. Barroso was severely criticized for creating a new Commissioner portfolio so that the accessing countries in 2007 could hold a post. The portfolio was criticized for being too "light" for
688:
According to
Article 45 of the protocol to the Accession Treaty of Bulgaria and Romania, the new members of the Commission representing the acceding member states were appointed by the Council of the European Union in common accord with the President of the commission and after consultation with the
919:
initiatives. He also intended to contribute to the 2008 European Year of
Intercultural Dialogue, where multilingualism played a fundamental part. On planning further policy, Orban promised to, "carefully analyse the results from the Action Plan for the promotion of language learning and linguistic
808:
Orban told the
Committee that the multilingual dimension of the EU must be made mainstream in all relevant EU policies and programmes and should not be seen as a separate, isolated policy. He stated that, "Politically, I will steer the Commission's work on bringing an active multilingualism policy
517:
and in the commission's committees, Orban was responsible for coordinating
Romania's policies and positions in EU affairs. On 30 October 2006, Orban was nominated as Romania's candidate for the European Commission. From 1 January 2007, Orban became European Commissioner for Multilingualism for
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and competitiveness." In addition, he claimed that multilingualism would be commercially advantageous as, "At first sight, one single language might appear easier to manage multilingualism can also give any industry a competitive advantage if it helps them to tap local markets and create new
637:
services in the 23 official languages of the Union. Language policy affects the overall
European Union strategy of communication with its citizens and the effort to establish a European identity. In many of these issues, responsibility was shared with other Commissioners, namely the European
750:
asked
Barroso to clarify the mandate of the Commissioner for Multilingualism as well as the mandate of the other members of the commission with regards to the "intercultural dialogue". Barroso turned down the PES proposal and defended the post. He stated that Ján Figeľ, the Commissioner for
700:
On 30 October 2006, in agreement with the
President of the commission, Barroso, the Romanian government nominated Leonard Orban as Commissioner designate for Romania. Barroso assigned him the portfolio of multilingualism. Before Orban,
862:. For the first time, it will be open to all languages spoken in the European Union as well as to the languages of the EU's main trading partners." Orban claims that respect for linguistic diversity and the fight against
697:, the Accession Treaty for Bulgaria and Romania, for the first time, contains an explicit acknowledgement of the Parliament's role and constitutes the formal legal basis for the new Commissioners' appointment procedure.
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On the "future of Europe", Orban believes in a strong, cohesive European Union capable of being a major actor on the global scene. In addition, he stressed the need to increase the pace of the implementation of the
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His views on multilingualism fall in line with the current European Union language policy as described in the Communication from the Commission "A New Framework Strategy for Multilingualism" on 22 November 2005.
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907:. In addition to the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 and other educational and cultural programmes, Orban promoted multilingualism within other relevant policies and programmes, including the
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Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social committee and the Committee of the Regions – A New Framework Strategy for Multilingualism
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948:, voted down in referendums in France and Netherlands in 2005, believing that it should be ratified by the member states without further negotiations or without excluding some of its provisions.
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diversity, the recommendations from the High Level Group on Multilingualism and the activities of the Commission internal network for multilingualism. Before the end of 2007, I would organise a
1744:
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was a matter for individual member states and his view is that, "When it comes to language rights, I am not in favour of adopting legislation at European level to be imposed on Member States."
83:
838:, the target for foreign language learning is "mother tongue plus two," which means that English language skills on their own are not sufficient. To address this, Orban aims to improve
666:
338:. To support the remit of his portfolio, Orban oversaw a staff of 3,400 in total (approximately 15 per cent of the Brussels executive's workforce) and approximately 1 per cent of the
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that his portfolio was a substantial one, covering a range of important political and managerial responsibilities. He also described how his portfolio would contribute to economic
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Orban was assisted by a cabinet of nine members; Patricia Bugnot (French) was Head of Cabinet and Jochen Richter (German) was Deputy Head. The cabinet did not include any natively
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Orban defended Romania's accession to the EU, believing that Romania can only gain from its entry and stressing the importance of a post-accession strategy for his country.
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more language-friendly. He underlined that, "our efforts to support multilingualism are not limited to EU languages; we are also encouraging training in Chinese, Japanese,
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and, as an integral aspect of the legitimacy, transparency and democracy of the European integration, it contributes to a successful EU communication policy. Within the
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669:. In total, Orban is responsible for overseeing 3,400 staff (approximately 15 per cent of the Brussels executive's workforce) and approximately 1 per cent of the
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762:(AFCO) on 27 November 2006, the Committee gave a positive assessment. On December 12, 2006, Orban received the formal approval of the European Parliament in
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In his hearing at the European Parliament, Leonard Orban focused on defending the importance of his post in presenting the EU language policy, emphasising
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622:. Though regional and minority languages can benefit from European Union programmes, protection of linguistic rights is a matter for the member states.
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European Parliament Hearings – Answers to questionnaire for Commissioner designate Mr Leonard Orban (Multilingualism): part B – Specific questions
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European Parliament Hearings – Answers to questionnaire for Commissioner designate Mr Leonard Orban (Multilingualism): part A – General questions
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Orban's remit included the development of the European Indicator of Language Competence, the creation of a Business Forum on Multilingualism and
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Orban held the position of European Commissioner until 31 October 2009, when the remaining term of office for the Barroso Commission ends.
1648:
944:, a ten-year strategy designed to make the European Union the world's most competitive economy by 2010. Institutionally, he supported the
805:, the social dimension of the EU and the intercultural dialogue and stated that it would provide a forum for European political dialogue.
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Education, Training and Culture, "will remain responsible for the management of actions to directly promote the inter-cultural dialogue".
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2004:
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712:, had been nominated, but withdrew his candidature due to allegations concerning his past involvement with the secret police under
1518:
European Parliament decision approving the appointment of Mr Leonard Orban, the new Member of the Commission nominated by Romania
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is the responsibility of member states and European Union does not have a "common language policy." Based on the "principle of
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Orban said that he intended to spearhead the commission's work on a portfolio that has become more important with every
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Between 1986 and 1993, he worked as engineer for Tractor Manufacturing Company Miercurea Ciuc (1986–1989, Romanian:
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is a source of richness which also needs to be nurtured and promoted," which presumably includes all languages,
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From 1993 to 2001, Orban served as a Parliamentary Counsellor on European and International Affairs within the
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Hearings of the two Commissioners designate from Bulgaria and Romania: The appointment procedure and key dates
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2014:
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to discuss the way forward. I would then propose a new Action Plan in 2008 to continue work in this area."
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on the basis of language are cornerstones for a social Europe; he states that, "Europe's linguistic and
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contest between schools from all over Europe as part of the events marking the 50th anniversary of the
638:
Commissioner for Education, Training and Culture, Ján Figeľ. Orban was also responsible, alongside the
260:
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European Parliament Hearings of the two Commissioners designate from Bulgaria and Romania – Main Page
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member. Orban's salary was €18,233.38 (approx. US$ 23,631, c.2007) a month plus housing allowance.
522:. He wrote numerous newspaper articles and analyses and gave several speeches on European affairs.
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Solemn undertaking given before the Court of Justice by two new members of the European Commission
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802:
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465:) and Institute of Research for Machine Manufacturing Technology Bucharest (1990–1993, Romanian:
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463:Întreprinderea de Antrepriza Construcţii Speciale Industriale şi Montaj (I.A.C.S.I.M.) București
295:. His term of office began on 1 January 2007 and ended on 9 February 2010. With a background in
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New liberal Commissioners Meglena Kuneva and Leonard Orban approved by the European Parliament
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products which also cater for multilingualism." According to Orban, multilingualism promotes
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Consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Community, Articles 149 to 150
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Orban was also responsible for the effective functioning of the European Union's extensive
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513:. After the signing of the Treaty, when Romania received the status of the observer in the
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1052:'It's professionalism that matters for a European Commissioner, not the country of origin"
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8:
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1978:
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579:, specifically, an individual's mother tongue plus two other languages, as means for the
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Orban's answers to questionnaire on multilingualism for the European Parliament Hearing
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519:
509:, Orban was one of the signatories for Romania on the country's Treaty of Accession in
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322:. In addition, his remit also included the effective functioning of the EU's extensive
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1963:
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606:, lesser-used and migrant languages are not legally protected. In the European Union,
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Leonard Orban is married and has a daughter, and his personal interests range across
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Accession of Bulgaria and Romania: EU appointments and changes to Council procedures
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1918:
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461:), Enterprise for Special Industrial Constructions Bucharest (1989–1990, Romanian:
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into a variety of policies which are the key to the functioning of the EU and the
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Institutul de Cercetare Tehnologia Construcţiilor de Maşini (I.C.T.C.M.) București
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454:, he is also fluent in English and French and has passive knowledge of Italian.
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Summary of hearing of Leonard Orban, Commissioner-designate for Multilingualism
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564:. Multilingualism has previously and subsequently been a responsibility of the
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572:, the first Commissioner whose portfolio explicitly included multilingualism.
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Between 2011 and 2012 he was the Romanian Minister of European Affairs in the
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and a strong European Union, and were in favour of the relaunch of the frozen
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Presidency Conclusions – Barcelona European Council – March 15 and 16, 2002
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as European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth
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European Commissioner for Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism
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European Commissioner for Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism
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and party financing by a tycoon. National Liberal Party foreign minister
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COM(2005) 596 final, November 22, 2005. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
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Curriculum Vitae of Leonard Orban for the European Parliament Hearing.
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Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
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Curriculum Vitae of Leonard Orban for the European Parliament Hearing
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Hearings of the two Commissioners designate from Bulgaria and Romania
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and Russian." He added that, "The promotion of language learning and
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Interview: Romanian leader – tough EU entry terms not 'second class'
646:, and Figeľ to work on "intercultural dialogue", including the 2008
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and describing the concrete initiatives he intended to implement.
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President Barroso presents the Commissioner designate for Romania
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MEPs approve the Bulgarian and Romanian Commissioners-designate
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Romanian to Become EU's First Commissioner for Multilingualism
665:, as well as the Multilingualism policy unit (EAC-C-5) in the
345:
Though unaffiliated to any political party, Orban adheres to
1557:, No 05/07, January 22, 2007. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1068:
Romania's Commissioner still undecided to join Liberal Party
758:(CULT) of the European Parliament in participation with the
663:
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
529:
political leaning. He participated as an independent in the
1469:
MEPs back Romanian commissioner despite 'indecent' job task
1337:(Reuters), November 2, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1266:(Reuters), November 1, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
424:
396:, a prominent politician and former president of Romania's
1685:
Introductory statement for the European Parliament Hearing
1244:
Romanian EU commissioner names cabinet. English left apart
932:
Views on EU-Romania relations and the European integration
1633:"Stop fighting, start building post-accession strategies"
548:
in the Barroso Commission, Orban was responsible for the
497:. On 25 April 2005, together with the Romanian president
1604:
ec.europa.eu/translatores – Juvenes Translatores contest
1131:
European Parliament Fact Sheets: 4.16.3. Language policy
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Monitorul Oficial al României no. 1031/27 decembrie 2006
991:
Decizii ale Primului-Ministru nr.222/27 decembrie 2006
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1565:
1563:
539:
1808:
1501:
Assessment of the Committee on Culture and Education
1212:
Introductory statement – European Parliament Hearing
1081:, December 17, 2006. Retrieved on December 17, 2006.
1639:, December 15, 2006. Retrieved on February 1, 2007.
1622:, November 11, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1578:, November 27, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1541:, December 12, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1507:, November 28, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1452:, November 28, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1218:, November 27, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1058:, December 12, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
748:
Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament
575:Politically, the portfolio is focused on promoting
303:, Orban has taken up various posts working for the
1655:, October 20, 2006. Retrieved on February 1, 2007.
1594:, October 23, 2006. Retrieved on February 1, 2007.
1560:
1475:, December 6, 2006. Retrieved on December 6, 2006.
1433:, December 1, 2006. Retrieved on February 4, 2007.
1406:, November 15, 2007. Retrieved on February 4, 2007
1380:, November 1, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1357:, November 2, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1314:, October 30, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1260:Commissioner for languages to earn £12,000 a month
1104:, December 6, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1026:, October 30, 2006. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
525:Orban has not joined a political party, but is of
1393:Socialists criticise new commissioner’s portfolio
1250:, January 1, 2007. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1042:, January 1, 2007. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
732:(PES) in the European Parliament and the liberal
3239:
2302:Education, Research, Innovation, Youth and Sport
860:programme for lifelong learning launched in 2007
375:
84:Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism
1581:
1112:
1110:
886:. However, Orban agreed that the protection of
472:
101:(Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth)
742:, suggested a portfolio for the protection of
2793:Ponta I Cabinet (7 May 2012–21 December 2012)
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946:Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
653:Administratively, Orban was in charge of the
556:for the citizens and the institutions of the
534:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
491:Romania's preparation for accession to the EU
355:Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
120:20 September 2011 – 21 December 2012
3258:Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies alumni
1697:Video of Orban's European Parliament Hearing
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728:(PSD), Romania's main opposition party, the
357:without modifications to the original text.
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1308:Romania proposes new commissioner candidate
1276:Treaty of Accession of Bulgaria and Romania
1170:Official Journal C 321E of 29 December 2006
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487:Ministry of European Integration of Romania
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2607:Economy, Commerce and Business Environment
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2152:Economy, Commerce and Business Environment
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1446:Assessment of the Conference of Presidents
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1383:
1029:
754:After a public hearing in Brussels at the
459:Întreprinderea de Tractoare Miercurea Ciuc
438:at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
305:accession of Romania to the European Union
29:
3263:Romanian politicians of Hungarian descent
1754:European Commissioner for Multilingualism
1234:, undated. Retrieved on February 9, 2007.
1175:
1010:
981:, undated. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
695:former enlargements of the European Union
546:European Commissioner for Multilingualism
442:, and a bachelor's degree (1987–1992) in
58:1 January 2007 – 9 February 2010
46:European Commissioner for Multilingualism
16:European Commissioner for Multilingualism
3253:Transilvania University of Brașov alumni
1455:
683:
655:Directorate-General (DG) for Translation
618:, most prominently under the much wider
489:, directly responsible for coordinating
1324:Romanian oppn wants better EU portfolio
1298:, undated. Retrieved on April 19, 2007.
1228:Leonard Orban – Official site – My Team
648:European Year of Intercultural Dialogue
3240:
2671:Communications and Information Society
2262:Communications and Information Society
1280:Official Journal L 157 of 21 June 2005
314:of the EU, Orban focused on promoting
3268:Language policy of the European Union
2766:
2419:
2018:
1782:
1367:Who do the politicians want to cheat?
620:Lifelong learning Programme 2007–2013
550:language policy of the European Union
448:Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies
320:Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013
227:Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies
3283:21st-century Romanian civil servants
2659:Education, Research, Youth and Sport
1669:Leonard Orban – former official site
1420:Romania's less than glittering prize
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
2683:Labor, Family and Social Protection
2290:Labor, Family and Social Protection
760:Committee on Constitutional Affairs
738:newspaper. Socialist Group leader,
531:European Parliament political group
13:
3293:Independent politicians in Romania
2049:(23 December 2009–9 February 2012)
858:is a general objective of the new
799:Members of the European Parliament
756:Committee on Culture and Education
540:Portfolio as European Commissioner
505:and the Romanian foreign minister
318:through EU programmes such as the
14:
3304:
2619:Agriculture and Rural Development
2336:Agriculture and Rural Development
1662:
1576:European Parliament Press Release
1539:European Parliament Press Service
1024:European Commission Press Release
1004:. Retrieved on February 4, 2007.
958:
440:Transylvania University of Braşov
275:(EU). He was responsible for the
223:Transylvania University of Braşov
3038:Regional Development and Tourism
2647:Regional Development and Tourism
2210:Regional Development and Tourism
1524:. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1491:. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1282:. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
1172:. Retrieved on February 1, 2007.
1156:. Retrieved on February 1, 2007.
1144:. Retrieved on February 4, 2007.
771:, Orban was sworn in before the
710:Minister of Economy and Commerce
560:. He was the first to hold this
265:Commissioner for Multilingualism
3288:Romanian European commissioners
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1038:Council of the European Union,
349:. He supports Romania's closer
2571:Culture and National Patrimony
2234:Culture and National Patrimony
1717:Romanian European Commissioner
1555:Court of Justice Press Release
1124:
1084:
1061:
1045:
984:
842:and to make the media and new
501:, the Romanian prime minister
446:at the Faculty of Management,
1:
3167:(for Liaison with Parliament)
1102:European Democrats Newsletter
951:
515:Council of the European Union
376:Early years and personal life
310:Steering the multilingualism
3151:for the Business Environment
2695:Transport and Infrastructure
2452:(9 February 2012–7 May 2012)
2186:Transport and Infrastructure
667:DG for Education and Culture
473:Working for European affairs
271:, the executive body of the
108:Ministry of European Affairs
7:
2912:Administration and Interior
2511:Administration and Interior
2118:Administration and Interior
1653:European Parliament website
1592:European Parliament website
1522:European Parliament website
1505:European Parliament website
1489:European Parliament website
1450:European Parliament website
1296:European Parliament website
1232:European Commission website
1216:European Parliament website
1142:European Parliament website
979:European Parliament website
640:President of the Commission
10:
3309:
1606:(latin: young translators)
1516:The text of the decision:
844:communication technologies
577:foreign languages learning
493:, as well as drafting the
400:(PNL) as well as a former
3174:
3101:
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2100:
2080:
2054:
1997:
1817:
1760:
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1733:
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1709:
1704:
1533:The results of the vote:
788:foreign language learning
773:European Court of Justice
384:, central Romania, to an
316:foreign language learning
255:(born 28 June 1961) is a
246:
232:
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134:
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91:
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28:
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782:Views on multilingualism
594:is a policy target, the
285:member of the Commission
2635:Environment and Forests
2198:Environment and Forests
726:Social Democratic Party
503:Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu
408:between 2019 and 2020.
2468:Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu
2447:Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu
1859:Benita Ferrero-Waldner
922:Ministerial conference
720:refused a nomination.
718:Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu
707:National Liberal Party
507:Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu
398:National Liberal Party
194:National Liberal Party
2820:Deputy Prime Minister
2479:Deputy Prime Minister
2082:Deputy Prime Minister
684:Appointment procedure
659:DG for Interpretation
590:Though awareness for
392:mother. His brother,
336:23 official languages
281:Romanian Commissioner
3227:interim officeholder
2983:Ecaterina Andronescu
2131:Gheorghe Ialomițianu
1874:Mariann Fischer Boel
1355:Monsters and Critics
913:European Social Fund
896:Juvenes Translatores
856:linguistic diversity
832:European citizenship
705:, a former Romanian
592:linguistic diversity
351:European integration
332:publication services
2678:Claudia Boghicevici
2542:Cristian Diaconescu
2165:Cristian Diaconescu
1979:Androulla Vassiliou
1833:José Manuel Barroso
1764:Androulla Vassiliou
1431:The Financial Times
691:European Parliament
495:Treaty of Accession
483:Romanian Parliament
479:Chamber of Deputies
269:European Commission
98:Androulla Vassiliou
67:José Manuel Barroso
3278:People from Brașov
3121:for Administration
3102:Ministers Delegate
2919:Corneliu Dobrițoiu
2281:Sebastian Lăzăroiu
2125:Sebastian Vlădescu
1879:Dalia Grybauskaitė
1810:Barroso Commission
1705:Political offices
1425:2011-07-11 at the
1398:2013-05-16 at the
1372:2007-09-28 at the
1329:2007-09-29 at the
1136:2007-02-19 at the
1096:2007-09-28 at the
1073:2007-12-20 at the
996:2007-01-29 at the
868:cultural diversity
520:Barroso commission
402:Transport Minister
380:Orban was born in
279:and was the first
277:EU language policy
263:who served as the
3235:
3234:
3133:for Social Dialog
3110:Victor Paul Dobre
2877:Daniel Constantin
2760:
2759:
2642:Cristian Petrescu
2413:
2412:
2012:
2011:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1761:Succeeded by
1749:
1724:Succeeded by
840:language teaching
744:ethnic minorities
703:Varujan Vosganian
616:language learning
581:worker's mobility
552:, i.e. promoting
432:bachelor's degree
250:
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87:
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3092:European Affairs
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2921:
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2847:Florin Georgescu
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2222:National Defense
2219:
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2159:Teodor Baconschi
2149:
2133:
2127:
2115:
2093:
2073:
2067:
2047:Emil Boc cabinet
2039:
2032:
2025:
2016:
2015:
1989:Margot Wallström
1984:Günter Verheugen
1919:Charlie McCreevy
1909:Markos Kyprianou
1827:Catherine Ashton
1803:
1796:
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2143:Adriean Videanu
2141:
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2107:
2096:
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2076:
2071:Cătălin Predoiu
2069:
2063:
2050:
2043:
2013:
2008:
1993:
1969:Vladimír Špidla
1964:Algirdas Šemeta
1934:Andris Piebalgs
1914:Peter Mandelson
1869:Franco Frattini
1822:Joaquín Almunia
1813:
1807:
1766:
1757:
1739:
1729:
1720:
1665:
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1647:
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1631:Leonard Orban:
1630:
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1210:Leonard Orban,
1209:
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1129:
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998:Wayback Machine
989:
985:
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959:
954:
942:Lisbon Strategy
934:
888:language rights
836:Lisbon strategy
830:and a sense of
824:labour mobility
811:internal market
803:competitiveness
784:
735:Financial Times
730:Socialist Group
686:
608:language policy
598:of speakers of
596:language rights
585:competitiveness
554:multilingualism
542:
518:Romania in the
475:
434:(1981–1986) in
430:Orban gained a
417:classical music
390:ethnic Romanian
378:
312:language policy
293:multilingualism
291:is exclusively
239:
225:
190:Political party
178:
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145:Mihai Ungureanu
143:
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3080:Communications
3071:
3057:Mircea Diaconu
3053:
3041:
3033:Eduard Hellvig
3029:
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2995:Ovidiu Silaghi
2991:
2965:
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2945:Mona Pivniceru
2927:
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2889:Daniel Chițoiu
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2800:Prime Minister
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2626:László Borbély
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2595:Public Finance
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2530:Ritli Ladislau
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2331:Valeriu Tabără
2321:
2313:Ladislau Ritli
2305:
2297:Daniel Funeriu
2293:
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2257:Valerian Vreme
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2237:
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2193:László Borbély
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2136:Public Finance
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2056:Prime Minister
2052:
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2027:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2005:Vice President
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1974:Antonio Tajani
1971:
1966:
1961:
1959:Maroš Šefčovič
1956:
1951:
1946:
1944:Viviane Reding
1941:
1939:Janez Potočnik
1936:
1931:
1926:
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1911:
1906:
1904:Meglena Kuneva
1901:
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1620:Deutsche Welle
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1473:euobserver.com
1465:Lucia Kubosova
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864:discrimination
783:
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693:. Compared to
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627:interpretation
558:European Union
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499:Traian Băsescu
474:
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413:foreign policy
406:Prime Minister
388:father and an
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3087:Leonard Orban
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2578:Leonard Orban
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2566:Hunor Kelemen
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2554:Gabriel Oprea
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2040:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:Paweł Samecki
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1929:Leonard Orban
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1894:László Kovács
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Danuta Hübner
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
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1862:
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1857:
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1854:Stavros Dimas
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1840:
1837:
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1812:I (2004–2009)
1811:
1804:
1799:
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1772:
1771:
1765:
1756:
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1727:Dacian Cioloş
1721:2007–present
1719:
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1389:
1387:
1379:
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1371:
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1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1335:The Peninsula
1332:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1281:
1277:
1272:
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1224:
1217:
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1207:
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1199:
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1191:
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1127:
1120:
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1103:
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1080:
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1069:
1064:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1006:(in Romanian)
1003:
999:
995:
992:
987:
980:
977:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
957:
949:
947:
943:
937:
929:
925:
923:
918:
914:
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906:
902:
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877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
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841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
820:
816:
812:
806:
804:
800:
796:
791:
789:
779:
776:
774:
770:
765:
761:
757:
752:
749:
746:instead. The
745:
741:
740:Martin Schulz
737:
736:
731:
727:
721:
719:
715:
711:
708:
704:
698:
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692:
681:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
583:and business
582:
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523:
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437:
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428:
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409:
407:
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399:
395:
394:Ludovic Orban
391:
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367:
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308:
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253:Leonard Orban
245:
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176:(age 63)
166:
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105:
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90:
85:
80:
77:
71:
68:
65:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
39:
35:Orban in 2006
32:
27:
23:Leonard Orban
20:
3226:
3086:
3063:Puiu Hașotti
3045:Rovana Plumb
3014:Victor Ponta
3012:
3007:Vasile Cepoi
2974:
2938:Victor Ponta
2936:
2859:Andrei Marga
2809:Victor Ponta
2654:Cătălin Baba
2614:Stelian Fuia
2577:
2342:
2309:Attila Cseke
2269:Mihai Șeitan
2109:Vasile Blaga
1928:
1924:Louis Michel
1899:Neelie Kroes
1831:
1769:
1768:
1752:
1742:
1741:
1715:
1710:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1627:
1619:
1611:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1529:
1521:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1449:
1430:
1411:
1404:EurActiv.com
1403:
1378:Nine O'Clock
1377:
1362:
1354:
1342:
1334:
1319:
1312:EurActiv.com
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1271:
1264:Scotsman.com
1263:
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1169:
1161:
1149:
1141:
1126:
1116:
1101:
1086:
1078:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1023:
1001:
986:
978:
938:
935:
926:
894:
892:
807:
792:
785:
777:
753:
733:
722:
699:
687:
675:
652:
624:
612:subsidiarity
589:
574:
543:
524:
476:
466:
462:
458:
456:
450:. Alongside
429:
410:
379:
359:
344:
309:
259:independent
252:
251:
174:28 June 1961
149:Victor Ponta
115:
93:Succeeded by
53:
3248:1961 births
3220:Independent
3158:Mircea Dușa
3146:Mihai Voicu
3140:Lucian Isar
3050:Environment
3021:Raed Arafat
2907:Mircea Dușa
2882:Agriculture
2750:Independent
2602:Lucian Bode
2403:Independent
2205:Elena Udrea
2181:Anca Boagiu
2113:Traian Igaș
1889:Siim Kallas
1416:Tobias Buck
917:immigration
901:translation
795:enlargement
635:publication
631:translation
436:engineering
370:first Ponta
328:translation
297:engineering
74:Preceded by
3242:Categories
3116:Radu Stroe
2488:Béla Markó
2273:Ioan Botiș
2147:Ion Ariton
2091:Béla Markó
1758:2007–2010
1711:New office
1637:HotNews.ro
1248:HotNews.ro
1056:HotNews.ro
952:References
769:Luxembourg
764:Strasbourg
678:anglophone
511:Luxembourg
372:cabinets.
362:second Boc
347:liberalism
261:technocrat
233:Profession
218:Alma mater
170:1961-06-28
3128:Liviu Pop
3000:Transport
2988:Education
2976:Liviu Pop
2969:Ioan Mang
2839:Ministers
2752:minister
2498:Ministers
2405:minister
2101:Ministers
2001:President
1949:Olli Rehn
1864:Ján Figeľ
1737:Ján Figeľ
828:tolerance
819:education
714:Ceauşescu
671:EU budget
570:Ján Figeľ
562:portfolio
444:economics
366:Ungureanu
340:EU budget
301:economics
289:portfolio
241:Economist
125:President
116:In office
79:Ján Figeľ
63:President
54:In office
3222:minister
3210:minister
3198:minister
3186:minister
3164:Dan Șova
3075:Dan Nica
2901:Ioan Rus
2740:minister
2728:minister
2716:minister
2393:minister
2381:minister
2369:minister
2277:Emil Boc
2065:Emil Boc
1844:Joe Borg
1651:, (PDF)
1590:, (PDF)
1503:, (PDF)
1448:, (PDF)
1423:Archived
1396:Archived
1370:Archived
1327:Archived
1278:, (PDF)
1214:, (PDF)
1134:Archived
1094:Archived
1079:Mediafax
1071:Archived
994:Archived
880:minority
876:regional
872:national
661:and the
604:minority
600:regional
536:(ALDE).
452:Romanian
257:Romanian
237:Engineer
209:Children
141:Emil Boc
3068:Culture
2950:Justice
2894:Economy
2852:Finance
2523:Justice
2450:cabinet
2246:Justice
2045:Second
884:migrant
852:Turkish
815:culture
644:Barroso
527:liberal
481:of the
421:reading
334:in the
267:in the
204:Married
184:Romania
3218:
3216:
3206:
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3192:
3182:
3180:
3026:Health
2748:
2746:
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2710:
2535:Health
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2318:Health
2003:. 2 =
911:, the
848:Arabic
657:, the
425:cinema
423:, and
382:Braşov
287:whose
201:Spouse
180:Braşov
2962:Labor
1693:(PDF)
1687:(PDF)
1681:(PDF)
196:(PNL)
2738:UNPR
2726:UDMR
2391:UNPR
2379:UDMR
1999:1 =
915:and
899:, a
882:and
633:and
368:and
330:and
299:and
164:Born
3196:PNL
3184:PSD
2714:PDL
2367:PDL
1743:as
767:in
544:As
469:).
3244::
3208:PC
1635:,
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1574:,
1562:^
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