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754:, as well as the beauty of the country. The letter included a personal note: "The reasons that led me to fix Adelaide where it is I do not expect to be generally understood or calmly judged of at present. My enemies however, by disputing their validity in every particular, have done me the good service of fixing the whole of the responsibility upon me. I am perfectly willing to bear it, and I leave it to posterity and not to them, to decide whether I am entitled to praise or to blame". An amendment proposed by Dr Wright and seconded by Deputy Surveyor
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797:. His survey plan divided the land into 1042 square one-acre lots; 342 acres (1.38 km) north of the Torrens (North Adelaide) and 700 acres (2.8 km) to the south (South Adelaide, now known as the city centre). Light's Plan reserved 42 acres (0.17 km) for town squares (38 acres) and government buildings (4 Town Sections of Public Reserves with Victoria Square frontages: now the Old Treasury Building/Lands Offices; GPO; Supreme Court, and Magistrates Court sites).
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1645:, and then of his son William in Adelaide. The roles of the women in their lives are explored, as well as the geopolitical situation of the time which influenced the decisions of the elder and junior Lights.The life of Martina Rozells is also brought to life. The play is mainly about family, aiming to use Light's inner perspective to look at the world, and touches on "the values and notions of nationalism". Henning used the Mayo and Dutton collections at
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317:, and his wife Anne. He never saw his parents again. His father died in October 1794, and although providing generously for his son's education, Light did not inherit his father's considerable wealth, as the estate had been ruined by maladministration. He became attached to the Doughtys, and later named his house in Adelaide after the family home. He was well educated, and soon became proficient in
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Hindmarsh's view and at the time trying to prove the safety of the Bay). Soon after this, Hindmarsh complained formally about the slow progress of the surveys, while at the same time hindering Light's work. Parties explored nearby areas, Light continued with his work on plans, supported by most settlers, and in July of that year, Hindmarsh was recalled.
679:, but found the area unsuitable. In addition to lack of surface water, Light found navigation of Spencer's Gulf and southern entry into Boston Bay more hazardous. On 18 December he decided on the site of Adelaide for the new capital, and headed north to survey the coast 8 mi (13 km) north with a view to its being the site for a harbour.
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1026:, then in a tent at Rapid Bay, and then in a house made of bark and reeds, which was completely destroyed by fire, along with all of their personal belongings, in 1839. The four-roomed brick built cottage, built by William Gandy, was named Theberton House, after Light's childhood residence at Theberton Hall in Suffolk.
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After a quarrel between
Hindmarsh and Resident Commissioner Fisher, which also drew in other settlers and officials, Colonial Secretary Gouger, one of Light's chief supporters, was suspended and replaced. In December 1837, Judge John Jeffcott was drowned at Encounter Bay (himself being a supporter of
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for a second time and writing detailed journals of her travels and discoveries. Light separated from Mary in 1832, after she had formed a relationship with another officer. The couple never divorced, and Mary retained the surname Light for herself and three children she had by other men in 1833, 1834
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and being hailed by fine arts dealer Jim Elder as a "rare and historic painting", who was "bitterly disappointed" that it would be lost to South
Australian society. He said that "months of painstaking art history and genealogical research" into its provenance had led to a man called Shimmin, who had
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had been carried out. His plan bears a close resemblance to Gother Mann’s 1788 "Plan for
Torento Harbour" (which was never laid out as planned, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, although a differently laid out town, named York, was established to its west, which later eventually expanded east and
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The statue was moved in 1938 to its present position on
Montefiore Hill at the suggestion of the Pioneers' Association of South Australia, to commemorate the centenary of Light's death, and the renamed "Light`s Vision" at the suggestion of PASA president Sir Henry Newland. Legend says that Light
823:, however Light's Plan has six public squares. There are however no records showing that Light deliberately copied any cities or rules for planning, and his implementation of planning principles for a beautiful and healthy city, melded sensitively and intelligently with the landscape, is unique.
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map of
Adelaide, held by the State Library of South Australia. It was commissioned from Light, Finniss & Co. by the South Australian Company, shows the company's properties, and is signed with his firm's name by William Light, at the firm's office in Stephens Place, in Oct 1838.
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Light referred to his unique figure-eight of open space as "Adelaide Park". Later, the purchase of the lands of Light's
Adelaide Park, and repeated correspondence and discussions about the Adelaide Park land/lands eventually corrupted his original name to "Adelaide Park Lands".
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The oldest known version of Light's plan was drawn by a 16-year-old draughtsman in 1837, to instructions from Light, some time after the streets were named on 23 May of that year. Primary source researcher Kelly
Henderson has confirmed that there is an extant original 1838
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By this time Light had spent a considerable amount of his own fortune on his work, and was suffering ill-health. He resigned from his position on 21 June 1838, after being directed to survey 150 sq mi (390 km) within a week and refusing to use less accurate
1424:, was created for placement near the corner of North and West Terraces, marking the approximate location of the Land and Survey offices and of Light's and Fisher's huts, which were destroyed by fire in January 1839. The memorial was unveiled on 16 July 1929 by Lord Mayor
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Instructions for Light's role in the expedition "for the purpose of effecting such a survey of the different harbours and the adjoining land as may be necessary to the correct determination of the best site for the first town" were given in a document dated 9 March 1836.
826:"Light's vision" was to create an urban form which complemented nature, done with conscious purpose. Long before Light was engaged, the colonisation of South Australia had been designed as a kind of social experiment, drawing on the thinking of many notable minds:
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in May 1835. Napier recommended to the authorities that Light be given the post of
Governor, but Hindmarsh had already been promised it. Light returned to London in January 1836, and on 4 February was appointed Surveyor-General of South Australia instead.
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H.C. Talbot says: "When
William Light was a boy, his father sent him to England from Penang to be educated to his trusted friend, George Doughty of Theberton Hall, in Suffolk... He built a home on section 1, Hundred of Adelaide which he called Theberton
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wife. The status of their relationship caused the couple to be shunned by
Adelaide society, and they had few visitors at their home (only two society women ever visited Gandy at her home), which they shared with Gandy's young brothers for some years.
2587:"Colonel William Light 1786–1839, First Surveyor General of South Australia: Letter of Instructions by the Colonization Commissioners for South Australia to Colonel William Light, Surveyor General for the Province of South Australia, 9th March, 1836"
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The 29 Town Sections which Light allotted for the harbour area of Port Adelaide have been all but forgotten as part of his plan, which is often mistakenly thought to include only the city centre, with the North Adelaide part tacked on afterwards.
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in the background, was discovered in a garage in September 2019. It is regarded as hugely significant, being one of the earliest depictions of Adelaide. However, the painting passed in at auction and was afterwards sold to a private collector for
961:. He had just begun work on preparing his journals, kept for 30 years, for publication, having left cases of papers for safety in the survey office, and apart from an excerpt already prepared, the journals were lost – a great blow to Light.
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In March 1837, after 116 preliminary buyers had selected their portions, the rest of the Town Sections were auctioned. Due to local demands Light also planned Town Sections at the old Port Adelaide harbour and 29 were selected.
734:) had been rejected. The site had many challenges, but Light wrote that he chose the site "because it was on a beautiful and gently rising ground, and formed altogether a better connection with the river than any other place".
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The inscription on the plaque at the front reads: Colonel William Light First Surveyor General; Fixed the site and laid out the city of Adelaide in 1836; Erected by citizens; 1906. Several plaques have been added to the back.
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in March 1850. The shared principles of the town planning of Adelaide, South Australia, and Christchurch, New Zealand, were due to both being examples of E. G. Wakefield's 'Art of Colonization' and Benthamite town planning.
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outlining the reasons for his choice, praising the good soil, extensive neighbouring plains and sheep grazing, a plentiful year-round supply of excellent fresh water, easy communication with its harbour, proximity to the
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The acceptance of Thebarton with an 'a' instead of an 'e' is credited to a typographical error and not the some time held view that it was a corruption of 'The Barton' based on the Old English bere-tun meaning 'barley
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Light sailed for England in 1831 in his own yacht to help recruit British men for the Pasha's navy. The process became prolonged, and Light stayed in England until 1835, while Mary continued her studies, travelling to
605:, who was the recently designated Governor of the new colony. However, Napier was not interested in the position, and upon hearing this, Hindmarsh rushed to London and lobbied for the position, after seeing Napier in
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working on mapping, reconnaissance and liaison. He showed both outstanding bravery and kindness in his actions, and was a favourite of Wellington. He went on to serve in the infantry in various parts of Britain – the
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arrived at Holdfast Bay on 28 December. That same day Governor Hindmarsh landed and, all pre-requisites having been met, proclaimed the commencement of colonial government (henceforth celebrated as
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descent. He was thus legally classed as Eurasian, an ethnic designation which granted the designated a middle position between the natives and the Europeans. He was baptised on 31 December 1786,
1051:(so named because of a typographical error) near the site of their cottage, to honour Maria. On each of four sides is an inscription celebrating her roles as pioneer, settler, carer and mother.
1088:, after which the procession walked to the nearby Light Square. It was attended by hundreds, many of whom wept openly, and a gun salute was fired and the flag at Government House lowered to
4285:"Plan of the city of Adelaide, in South Australia [cartographic material] : with the acre allotments numbered, and a marginal reference to the names of the original purchasers"
1110:, assembled to raise money for a memorial. The foundation stone for the memorial was laid by James Hurtle Fisher in 1843, and witnessed by a select few, but the edifice itself, designed by
745:, and some of settlers, who objected to the distance from the port. The opposition to the plan culminated in a meeting on 10 February, at which a letter from Light to Resident Commissioner
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is not unprecedented: apart from earlier examples going back to ancient Greece, it follows part of a series of rules created by Spanish planners for their colonial cities, known as the "
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Steurt treads delicately around this matter, suggesting that the three children were "by her first marriage", even though it says elsewhere that Light was in England during these years.
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On the 200th anniversary of her birth on 23 November 2011, the Maria Gandy Bicentennial Memorial was unveiled on the corner of Albert and Maria Streets in the inner western suburb of
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and council, with the request that a toast be made to Light each year on his birthday. A portrait of Light created in 1836 was presented by an admirer to hang in the Council Chamber.
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Located at the northern end of the Victoria Square, the State Survey Mark commemorates the placing of the first peg for the survey of the city by Light on 11 January 1837. This
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and sole beneficiary of Light's estate (which consisted mainly of unpaid debts) and paid for the funeral. The funeral took place on 10 October, and his body taken for burial at
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943:, the town of Glenelg. However Light had to resign due to ill health by September, after Finniss had taken up a new appointment under Gawler as Deputy Surveyor-General.
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On 1 May 1836 Light sailed for South Australia with Maria Gandy, two of her young brothers (William (19) and Edward (10)), and some of his survey staff, on the survey
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2932:. Australian Heritage Database: Places for Decision: Class: Historic. Australian Government. Dept for the Environment, Water, Heritage & the Arts. 9 July 2007
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Today, historians view Gandy as providing strength to the sickly Light, helping him to achieve his goals while being treated as a pariah by many fellow pioneers.
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1103:. More than 3,000 people attended the burial, including many who had been antagonistic towards him. The sole remaining document authored by Light was his will.
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Light started a relationship with the 21-year-old Maria Gandy (born 23 November 1811), a woman of humble stock, who was his companion for the rest of his life.
957:, and the first Government House, burned down, taking some of the province's early records and many of Light's possessions with it. The fire was attributed to
1304:. It notes that Light is the only person legally buried after settlement within the city square. The 1876 marble tablet was removed, renovated and mounted on
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931:), offering a range of services to prospective purchasers of city and country properties, and to local government bodies. By agreement with the new Governor
1641:. Rather than presenting a by-the-numbers historical retelling, the play explores the personal circumstances first of Francis Light and his pivotal role in
1395:, who had died in 1894. He gifted the painting on condition that the State Government contribute £1,000 towards the replacement grave monument to the Light.
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Yap, Felicia (March–April 2010). "Sex and Stereotypes: Eurasians, Jews and the Politics of Race and Religion in British Asia during the Second World War".
811:". They included the grid pattern with a main thoroughfare, centred around a main square. There are many historical precedents for five squares, including
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is the reference point for all other survey marks in South Australia. The mark was unveiled, along with a commemorative plaque by then Minister of Lands,
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tribes) and was reported to have established a friendly and cooperative relationship with them. After finding the Port River, Light then sailed across to
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Light helped Muhammad Ali to establish a modern navy, sailing his own yacht to England to help recruit British men for the Pasha's navy. He captained the
4190:"Adelaide. North Terrace. The plaque on the Colonel William Light cottage and survey office memorial cairn. It is outside of the Royal Adelaide Hospital"
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painted by Light between January and April 1837 depicting the site of the Land/Survey Office and Light and Fisher's huts, being a variation on Light's "
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for all of his research for the play. He sees Light as an unfulfilled individual, despite all of his success; his life was "also lonely and drifting".
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placed a white marble tablet on a panel of the monument, with an inscription acknowledging the pioneers of South Australia for erecting the memorial.
989:. He often sold his works to support himself, but many were lost when fire destroyed the Land and Survey Office and his adjacent hut in January 1839.
730:-prone areas. Settlement sites on Encounter Bay, Kangaroo Island, Spencer's Gulf, the West coast of St Vincent's Gulf and Holdfast Bay (now known as
710:. This he did, and managed to plan and found the city in only eight weeks, after a 14-day delay caused by George Strickland Kingston's incompetence.
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South Australia and its mines: With an historical sketch of the colony, under its several administrations, to the period of Captain Grey's departure
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Founder of a city : the life of Colonel William Light, first Surveyor-General of the colony of South Australia: founder of Adelaide, 1786–1839
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by the Colonization Commissioners for South Australia to Colonel William Light, Surveyor General for the Province of South Australia, 9 March 1836.
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Maria (pronounced "Mariah") Gandy (23 November 1811 – 14 December 1847) was designated by Light's Will as his housekeeper, but thought to be his
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and in whose family it had remained for generations. In the week before the auction, a television station had aired an "item from an interstate
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4257:"Plan of the city of Adelaide, in South Australia: with the acre allotments numbered, and a reference to the names of the original purchasers"
1044:. The 100 acres of Section 1 and the four Town Acres bequeathed to her were intact, and their rents and profits were accorded to her husband.
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were published in London in 1823 and 1828, and a number of his works, including an incomplete self-portrait in oils, are in the collection of
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Returning to England in 1824, Light met and fell in love with the beautiful and wealthy 19-year-old Mary Bennet, illegitimate daughter of the
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1040:. In 1847, aged 36, Maria Mayo died of tuberculosis, not long after the death of their fourth child, and was buried in an unmarked grave in
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1174:'s design for the statue was selected by committee on 23 December 1904, and architects Garlick, Sibley and Wooldridge (consisting of only
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The plan of the city of Adelaide stands as a lasting legacy to Light's genius, praised both in the early days and more recent literature.
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722:, or Karra Wirra Parri, as it was known by the local people. One of the reasons he chose the location was because he observed that the
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in New Zealand. However, this is not possible; Light died in Adelaide in 1839, whereas Christchurch was only laid out by Englishman
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Despite the natural advantages of the site, Light faced opposition, mainly from Hindmarsh, who wished to locate the city near the
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A short sketch of the lives of Francis and William Light: the founders of Penang and Adelaide, with extracts from their journals
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Nile (paddle steamer), 1834, 2. Built at London. Guns 2x10" shell guns. (dimensions : 190-3 x 32-8,5/54-0 x 21-9, 412 hp.)
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1413:– a cairn commemorating Light's landing at Rapid Bay, where he performed his first mainland survey in 1836, unveiled in 1928.
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Light placed the city to the north and south of the river, avoiding areas prone to flooding and making best use of the local
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Cadastral map of the "District of Adelaide" based on Light's plan, showing the South Australian Company's property, Oct 1838
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and other colonial officers anxious to know where the settlement should be situated. Light suggested that the ships land at
4237:. Vol. XLIX, no. 15, 011. South Australia. 27 November 1906. p. 7 – via National Library of Australia.
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methods for country surveys. In July 1838, he formed a private company, Light, Finniss & Co., with assistant surveyors
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On 22 January 1839 the Land and Survey Office, along with the adjoining huts belonging to Light and Resident Commissioner
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would result in higher rainfall on the Adelaide plain. This was a promising indicator of good conditions for avoidance of
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library collections of Mayo and Dutton papers suggested that Gandy "moved around the state with an entourage of dwarfs".
447:, who had raised an international (mostly French) force to help the "Liberales" in their constitutional struggle against
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celebrates Light’s birthday, a tradition which began in 1859 when four of the colony's founders and friends of Light,
483:. After a whirlwind romance, they married on 16 October 1824. They travelled to Europe, spending a couple of years in
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structure made of sandstone and topped with a Gothic cross carved by Samuel Lewis and completed in 1844. In 1876 the
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579:, travelled as a passenger on the ship on its journey to Alexandria, and was made captain of the ship by November.
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The sandstone weathered badly, and the memorial was replaced by the winning design in a competition, by architect
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commemorate the early history of the area and original survey of the village by Light, Finniss and Co. in 1838.
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When Light was designing Adelaide, his plans included surrounding the city with 2,332 acres (9.44 km) of
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His grave monument, the original version having been designed by Kingston as the result of a competition, a
313:, a village in Suffolk, England to be educated by friends of his father. These friends were George Doughty,
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1518:, presented a large ornamental silver bowl known as the "Loving Cup", made in England in 1766–77, to the
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4031:"Malaysian-Australian play about Adelaide's founding father William Light premieres at OzAsia Festival"
3841:"Thebarton. The 1927 plaque erected when Colonel William Lights Therberton Hall was demolished in 1926"
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1629:, a play was created and staged by Australian writer and director Thomas Henning in collaboration with
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1182:. The statue of Light was unveiled on 27 November 1906 in its original location at the northern end of
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Adelaide Park Lands and city layout: Issues and opportunity analysis for the national heritage listing
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A plaque to commemorate Light's cottage was unveiled nearby in 1927. The site was taken over by the
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and known as Light's Vision, which points southwards towards the River Torrens and the city centre.
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After a spell as a civilian internee in France in 1803–04, he attended his sister Mary's wedding to
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1358:) Established in 1849 as the Sir Robert Peel Hotel, in 1888 it was renamed the Colonel Light Hotel.
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1036:, with whom she had 4 children. They lived in the Thebarton cottage for a while, before moving to
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for the meantime, while he went with a group to explore further. The group encountered a group of
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On 10 October 1839, after a group of mourners met at his home, his funeral service took place at
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Another brother, George Gandy, who arrived in 1838, named his child William Light Gandy in 1840.
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782:. Of these, he reserved 32 acres for one of the world's earliest public cemeteries, now called
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in March 1805, remaining in India until November 1806, before returning to Europe. He bought a
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Light spoke several languages and was a gifted and prolific painter and sketcher. Many of his
250:, and for designing the layout of its streets, six city squares, gardens and the figure-eight
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William Light, Founder of Adelaide, SA, by George Jones RA, National Portrait Gallery, London.
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had arrived at Nepean Bay, Kangaroo Island, with the assistant surveyors. Soon afterwards
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Plan of the City Of Adelaide in South Australia, surveyed and drawn by Colonel Light 1837
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In 2019, an Adelaide conservationist proposed the rebuilding of the original monument on
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511:, after which the couple cruised the Mediterranean for some years. In 1830 they went to
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2654:, with an introduction and notes by David Elder, p.95. Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 1984.
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Described in some detail in a footnote in Steuart's book, quoting Dutton, and see also
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Twelve paintings by Light, including two self portraits, are in the collection of the
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stood on Montefiore Hill when he began planning the city, but this is not confirmed.
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In December 1837 Light led an exploration from Adelaide, discovering and naming the
515:, where Light first met promoters of a new colony in Australia. Light made numerous
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Lewis also did the stonework for a windmill designed by Strickland, built in 1842.
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William Light School, a state government school located in the Adelaide suburb of
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The District Of Adelaide, South Australia, as divided into country sections. 1840
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The District Of Adelaide, South Australia, as divided into country sections. 1839
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for a couple of years. However, his young wife died sometime during those years.
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2748:. Vol. XLIX, no. 15, 011. South Australia. 27 November 1906. p. 7
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More work needs to be done on this person, but it seems likely that this is him.
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Keeping a Trust: South Australia's Wyatt Benevolent Institution and Its Founder
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Living in South Australia a social history: Volume 1: From Before 1836 to 1914
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Theberton House was demolished to make way for a factory/warehouse in 1926 by
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3715:. Vol. XLII, no. 12, 522. South Australia. 22 June 1905. p. 3
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2780:"Colonel William Light 1786–1839: The Laying Out of The Adelaide Park Lands"
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1316:. The gravesite and monument were upgraded during 1985–86 and again in 2008.
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Light's achievements have been commemorated in a number of ways, including:
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3370:. Vol. VI, no. 393. South Australia. 21 February 1843. p. 2
2668:"Chart of the anchorages in Encounter Bay [cartographic material]"
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970:
875:
north covering the unrealised 'Torento' model township site, and renamed
835:
523:
while in Egypt, becoming a friend and keen correspondent of Egyptologist
488:
326:
295:
267:
207:
130:
1964:
1032:
On 7 July 1840, nine months after Light's death, Maria Gandy married Dr
4216:
3550:"The Colonel Light Statue. – Unveiling Ceremony – An immense gathering"
3330:. Vol. II, no. 71. South Australia. 9 October 1839. p. 3
1549:
1416:
A memorial known as the Colonel Light Survey Marker, in the form of an
1340:
1301:
1285:
1263:
936:
847:
794:
668:
632:
606:
560:
520:
373:
353:
346:
342:
3693:
2029:
University of Adelaide. Library. Rare Books & Special Collections
1410:
1388:
1167:
1096:
1089:
1048:
898:
884:
851:
640:
310:
2294:
William Light; James Duffield Harding 1798-1863, (engraver) (1828),
2025:"William Light (1786–1839): Sketches and watercolours of Egypt 1831"
1671:
It is sometimes claimed that Light also designed the city centre of
309:
He lived in Penang until the age of six (1793), when he was sent to
4205: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
4057:
Caught Mapping: The Life and Times of New Zealand's Early Surveyors
3028:. Vol. I, no. 7. South Australia. 14 July 1838. p. 2
2543:. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 5 August 1936. p. 4
1618:
1246:
1179:
1142:
1115:
1073:, until his death on 6 October 1839 in Adelaide, aged 53. Reverend
1015:
707:
398:
385:
361:
357:
275:
247:
215:
156:
139:
1495:, located along North Terrace in 1986, commemorates William Light.
1178:(1867–1917) and Charles W. Wooldridge at that point) designed the
1601:
1417:
1296:
grey granite, and was unveiled in June 1905 by mayor of Adelaide
1289:
816:
727:
590:
By 1835, negotiations had been completed for the founding of the
460:
402:
2606:"National Heritage Places – Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout"
1383:
In 1905, after the unveiling of the new grave monument, Light’s
1114:
free of charge, was not completed until February 1845. It was a
424:, on 24 May 1821, and moved in literary and artistic circles in
1622:
1541:
1391:
was presented to the Art Gallery by George Gibbes Mayo, son of
1281:
1278:
556:
484:
429:
283:
4325:. Drawn by 16-year-old draughtsman to instructions from Light.
3179:. Vol. XCI, no. 26, 610. 30 November 1926. p. 3
1778:
tram barn buildings, the Scarfe Cottage Homes in Gertrude St,
601:
Light had given Hindmarsh a letter of introduction to Colonel
3944:
3942:
2183:
S.A.'s Greats: the men and women of the North Terrace plaques
1771:
1474:
1305:
1069:
Gandy nursed Light for three years while he was invalided by
958:
532:
512:
504:
492:
425:
271:
134:
1160:
The most well-known memorial of Light is the statue now on
614:
496:
452:
3939:
3403:. No. 84. South Australia. 1 February 1845. p. 5
3342:
3064:
3040:
3000:
2760:
341:
At the age of 13 in about 1799, Light volunteered for the
336:
4168:(1991) Melbourne University Press. Not available online.
4164:(Subsequent republications: Rigby, 1971 and 1984; and as
3815:"Victoria Square: The State Survey Mark, Reference Point"
3601:"Architect Personal Details: Kingston, George Strickland"
2867:
Original from Oxford University; Digitized 2 October 2007
2717:
2648:
A Brief Journal of the proceedings of William Light, etc.
2610:
Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Energy
1369:, and runs 164 km (102 mi) to its mouth in the
667:
for the first time at Rapid Bay (belonging to one of the
211:
Survey monument in its original location. (Plaque detail)
4239:– contains quite a bit of interesting biographical info.
3919:
Fowler, Isabella; Boisvert, Eugene (13 September 2016).
3052:
2704:"William Light's Adelaide: The genius of place and plan"
2628:"William Light's Adelaide: The genius of place and plan"
2555:
2512:
1770:
at the corner of North Terrace and King William Street,
4263:. Great Britain. House of Commons. 1838. Archived from
4141:(Full text of e-book can be borrowed from archive.org,
3735:"Light Memorial, Rapid Bay [B 8315]:Photograph"
3670:"Call to rebuild lost tribute to Colonel William Light"
2342:
2340:
2325:
2215:
2140:
2128:
2104:
1565:
329:, and attended the court of the Prince of Wales, later
246:, known for choosing the site of the colony's capital,
4105:
Angus & Robertson concise Australian encyclopaedia
3415:
2092:
2047:
2045:
1458:
building. In 1995, a second plaque was erected by the
1106:
A few days later a meeting of his friends, chaired by
585:
503:
in 1828. Light returned to England, where he bought a
2567:
2500:
2364:
1054:
Some strange drawings and diagrams discovered in the
964:
915:) and William Jacob (among those who came out on the
2984:. President’s Newsletter. 8 May 2017. Archived from
2652:
William Light's Brief Journal and Australian Diaries
2650:
Adelaide, South Australia: Archibald MacDougall. In
2352:
2337:
2275:
2116:
1292:
sourced from the Murray Bridge area, with a base of
3921:"Why this Adelaide school wants to change its name"
2042:
1750:
1576:
Commencement of Settlement in South Australia, 1837
3436:"How Colonel Light designed Adelaide before lunch"
3145:
3143:
3141:
1604:art historian debunking the provenance of work".
1596:worked for Light’s colleague William Jacob in the
1558:, which was based on an earlier play of Afford's,
946:His war wounds troubled him, and he suffered from
702:There Light was the first to accurately chart the
3491:
3489:
3487:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
1129:
388:'s forces from 1809 to 1814, he served under the
345:, in which he served for two years, leaving as a
4350:
4148:
3896:. Plympton International College. Archived from
376:in April 1809 en route to Spain to serve in the
286:, and Martinha (or Martina) Rozells, who was of
230:(27 April 1786 – 6 October 1839), also known as
3781:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3138:
1354:The Colonel Light Hotel. (Light Square, corner
1233:
1126:as a Gothic cross 45 ft (14 m) high.
1064:
647:before returning to Rapid Bay. In the meantime
325:and music. He became known in London as a rich
4291:. Adelaide: John Gliddon. 1840. Archived from
4225:. Vol. 33. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
4166:Colonel William Light : founder of a city
3918:
3484:
3455:
3453:
3297:"Adelaide. Thebarton. Memorial to Maria Gandy"
3076:
2915:. DA183635. Dash Architects. 17 December 2018.
2736:
2734:
2732:
2075:"Interview: Shedding Light on Light at OzAsia"
451:. Originally volunteering as a private in the
409:, after purchasing the rank in November 1814.
3384:, "most of the old colonists of any standing"
2944:
2895:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p.60.
2470:
2468:
1460:Royal Geographical Society of South Australia
598:, intended as a self-supporting free colony.
4424:Infectious disease deaths in South Australia
4384:British Army personnel of the Peninsular War
4183:Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association
3191:
2250:
2159:
2157:
2155:
1799:, and hence is not within "the square mile".
1766:The firm also designed the pedestal for the
1753:section below. The cross looks similar to a
879:), particularly in the square "Town Acres".
4005:"Light's vision again disappears from view"
3983:"William Light - National Portrait Gallery"
3459:
3450:
3288:
3233:
3231:
3229:
2729:
2317:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
1821:, and later with his brother Sydney on the
1454:and the plaque was situated inside the old
1198:, attended by many notables, including the
321:, as well as showing a talent for drawing,
254:, in a plan later sometimes referred to as
4243:A history of the Kingston plan of Adelaide
4210:
3723:– via National Library of Australia.
3544:
3542:
3411:– via National Library of Australia.
3378:– via National Library of Australia.
3338:– via National Library of Australia.
3256:
3187:– via National Library of Australia.
3096:"Colonel William Light Grave and Monument"
3036:– via National Library of Australia.
2756:– via National Library of Australia.
2529:
2527:
2465:
2424:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
2410:
2408:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
1903:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
466:
435:In 1823 he returned to Spain to fight the
49:
30:For other people named William Light, see
4059:, Hazard Press, Christchurch, pp. 36–37.
4028:
2927:"The Adelaide park lands and city layout"
2823:. Adelaide: Wakefield Press. p. 37.
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2621:
2619:
2152:
1190:). The ceremony was presided over by the
635:on 23 September, Light started exploring
623:, along with the nine other ships in the
571:had prepared the steamer for delivery at
567:, reaching Alexandria in September 1834.
238:naval and army officer. He was the first
4187:
3838:
3636:
3294:
3226:
3121:"William Light: Works in the collection"
2950:
2919:
2857:. Adelaide: T. and W. Boone. p. 117
2227:
1380:was named after the Light River in 1842.
1300:after an address by Deputy Governor Sir
1252:
1141:
1022:They first lived aboard the survey brig
769:
758:upheld Light's selection in March 1837.
214:
206:
198:
82:28 December 1836 – 21 June 1838
4359:English emigrants to colonial Australia
4078:
3948:
3667:
3539:
3470:. Cities series. NewSouth. p. 43.
3433:
3421:
3348:
3204:"Location of "Light's Vision" disputed"
3165:
3151:"Light's vision found in Adelaide shed"
3070:
3058:
3046:
3006:
2970:
2951:Anderson, Margaret (31 December 2013).
2766:
2723:
2573:
2561:
2524:
2518:
2506:
2405:
2370:
2057:
1690:British colonisation of South Australia
1469:Light Square in the Adelaide suburb of
1257:Original Light Memorial at Light Square
925:(being among those who came out on the
592:new British Province of South Australia
337:Military career, first marriage, travel
244:new British Province of South Australia
14:
4429:Australian people of Malaysian descent
4351:
4318:
4211:Chichester, by Henry Manners (1893). "
4002:
3755:
2850:
2844:
2686:
2616:
2358:
2346:
2331:
2281:
2254:
2221:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2110:
2098:
2051:
1888:
1886:
1473:(cnr. Nixon and Market Streets). Four
1122:and topped with what was described by
803:Adelaide's characteristic geometrical
278:) on 27 April 1786, the eldest son of
4394:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
4283:
4255:
4037:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3787:
3093:
2701:
2665:
2625:
2300:, Printed for James Carpenter and Son
2257:"First lady Maria recognised at last"
2198:"William Light, Surveyor (1876–1839)"
2163:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1892:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1859:Close-up of plaque on survey monument
1852:
718:The site chosen by Light spanned the
693:
4409:Surveyors General of South Australia
4123:
3556:. trove.nla.gov.au. 28 November 1906
2816:
1846:
1617:In October 2019, co-commissioned by
1566:New 1837 watercolour discovered 2019
891:
4079:Steuart, Archibald Francis (1901).
3264:"Place names of South Australia: T"
2807:, 6 September 1902, p. 7, via Trove
2476:"Place names of South Australia: T"
2255:Harris, Samela (23 November 2011).
2190:
1950:
1666:
850:, those in Spain’s colonies of the
846:. Cities such as the ancient Greek
586:Surveyor-General of South Australia
384:. After courageous service against
70:Surveyor General of South Australia
24:
4245:(by Chris Bowe in Adelaide Review)
4176:
4130:, South Australian Govt. Printer,
4029:Jefferson, Dee (19 October 2019).
4003:Eccles, David (26 November 2019).
2421:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2072:
2010:
1971:
1900:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1863:
1587:, despite being valued at between
1536:from about 1815 also hangs in the
965:Other activities and personal life
420:, Light married Miss E. Perois in
25:
4440:
3761:
3434:Danvers, Ron (13 November 2013).
2416:"Hindmarsh, Sir John (1785–1860)"
2164:Nicol, Robert (6 December 2013).
1652:
1538:National Portrait Gallery, London
1137:
655:arrived, with Colonial Secretary
527:. The couple became friends with
412:After quitting the army with the
372:on 5 May 1808, being promoted to
4419:Colony of South Australia people
4404:4th Queen's Own Hussars officers
4399:Tuberculosis deaths in Australia
4364:Military personnel from Adelaide
4322:William Light's plan of Adelaide
4289:State Library of South Australia
4261:State Library of South Australia
4222:Dictionary of National Biography
4200:
4085:. Sampson Low, Marston & Co.
4072:
4049:
4022:
3742:State Library of South Australia
3576:"Colonel William Light's Vision"
3268:State Library of South Australia
2672:State Library of South Australia
2480:State Library of South Australia
1657:
1452:South Australian Brewing Company
983:State Library of South Australia
631:on 17 August 1836. Sailing from
356:plantation owner George Boyd in
282:, founder and Superintendent of
4249:
4120:(Contents not available online)
4108:. Angus & Robertson. 1983.
3996:
3975:
3954:
3912:
3886:
3861:
3832:
3807:
3788:Elton, Jude (3 February 2017).
3727:
3699:
3687:
3661:
3618:
3593:
3568:
3514:
3427:
3387:
3354:
3314:
3113:
3012:
2953:"Light's Plan of Adelaide 1837"
2905:
2885:
2872:
2810:
2794:
2772:
2659:
2598:
2579:
2384:"Egyptian Navy ships 1827–1838"
2376:
2287:
1828:
1811:
1802:
1785:
1760:
1743:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1548:His life was dramatised in the
1448:Colton, Palmer and Preston Ltd.
819:, designed in 1682 by surveyor
181:Surveyor, town planner, soldier
4319:Thomas, Robert George (1837).
3696:, www.colonellighthotel.com.au
3668:Skujins, Angela (1 May 2019).
3125:Art Gallery of South Australia
3094:Elton, Jude (28 August 2017).
2426:Australian National University
1944:
1905:Australian National University
1738:First Fleet of South Australia
1607:
1527:Art Gallery of South Australia
1486:Plympton International College
1130:Legacy, recognition, memorials
1118:elaborate structure, built of
1003:
975:Art Gallery of South Australia
475:, in the London studio of the
32:William Light (disambiguation)
13:
1:
3790:"Colonel Light Survey Marker"
3764:"Colonel Light Survey Marker"
3707:"A Portrait of Colonel Light"
2202:Museums Victoria. Collections
1841:
1288:on a tall column made of red
594:, according to the scheme of
535:and founder of modern Egypt.
499:), where Light published his
261:
189:Planning the city of Adelaide
4389:Explorers of South Australia
4188:denisbin (13 January 2019).
3839:denisbin (15 January 2019).
3626:"Windmill for H.W. Phillips"
3460:Goldsworthy, Kerryn (2011).
3295:denisbin (13 January 2019).
2646:From: Light, William. 1839.
1895:"Light, William (1786–1839)"
1705:
1329:South Australian Association
1234:Other symbols of recognition
1065:Later life, death and burial
765:
7:
3210:. July 2004. Archived from
3153:. InDaily. 9 September 2019
2637:. p. 2. Archived from
1718:Steurt's great-grandmother.
1683:
1560:Colonel Light - The Founder
1462:in the brewery carpark, in
1327:, the Old Colonists of the
1216:Governor of South Australia
981:. Others are housed in the
862:and other American cities,
713:
104:George Owen Ormsby (acting)
10:
4445:
4231:"The Colonel Light Statue"
4095:
3362:"Colonel Light's Monument"
2742:"The Colonel Light Statue"
1782:and many smaller projects.
1700:History of South Australia
1365:, which has its source at
1112:George Strickland Kingston
1007:
756:George Strickland Kingston
459:. He was badly wounded at
455:militia, Light was made a
29:
4149:Dutton, Geoffrey (1960),
3712:The Express and Telegraph
3322:"The Southern Australian"
3173:"Colonel Light's Cottage"
1529:. A portrait of Light by
1484:. In 2017 it was renamed
1010:George Mayo § Family
193:
185:
177:
166:
146:
117:
112:
108:
98:
86:
75:
68:
64:
48:
41:
4414:Australian city founders
4124:Kwan, Elizabeth (1987),
2851:Dutton, Francis (1846).
1992:Flinders Ranges Research
1893:Elder, David F. (1967).
1823:Adelaide railway station
1612:
1308:, and afterwards in the
842:, and, closest to home,
27:British military officer
4087:(Trove catalogue entry
3694:The Colonel Light Hotel
3644:"Colonel William Light"
3497:"Colonel William Light"
3462:"Chapter 4: The statue"
3367:The Southern Australian
3177:The Register (Adelaide)
2982:William Light Institute
2978:"Colonel William Light"
2891:Higgins, Hannah (2009)
2784:History South Australia
2666:Light, William (1838).
2166:"Colonel William Light"
1988:"Colonel William Light"
1795:is on the west side of
1774:Town Hall, some of the
1643:Penang's modern history
1508:Jacob Barrow Montefiore
1430:Royal Adelaide Hospital
1426:John Lavington Bonython
1323:, dedicating it to the
1075:Charles Beaumont Howard
844:Edward Gibbon Wakefield
596:Edward Gibbon Wakefield
467:Second marriage, travel
55:Colonel William Light:
3962:"AGSA - William Light"
3869:"Light Square, Marion"
3580:Adelaide City Explorer
2181:...first published in
1625:festival and Penang's
1258:
1157:
775:
665:Indigenous Australians
525:John Gardner Wilkinson
224:
212:
204:
3400:The Adelaide Observer
2593:on 27 September 2011.
1793:West Terrace Cemetery
1500:Adelaide City Council
1404:Colonel Light Gardens
1275:Herbert Louis Jackman
1268:Adelaide City Council
1256:
1145:
1042:West Terrace Cemetery
935:, Light surveyed the
911:), Henry Nixon (arr.
784:West Terrace Cemetery
773:
639:, sailing first past
280:Captain Francis Light
218:
210:
202:
43:Colonel William Light
4312:2 April 2019 at the
3522:"Sibley, Henry Evan"
3395:"Local Intelligence"
3274:on 15 September 2019
2878:Burns, Ross (2005),
2817:Fort, Carol (2008).
2790:on 17 February 2011.
2486:on 15 September 2019
1817:Jackman worked with
1740:on Dr Edward Wright.
1627:George Town Festival
1516:Alexander Lang Elder
1172:William Birnie Rhind
603:Charles James Napier
473:3rd Duke of Richmond
323:watercolour painting
173:and Martinha Rozells
4327:(Accompanying text
4055:Holm, Janet (2005)
3632:. Building Details.
3630:Architects Database
3605:Architects Database
3554:Adelaide Advertiser
3526:Architects Database
3501:Monuments Australia
3327:Southern Australian
3025:Southern Australian
2880:Damascus: A History
2079:The Barefoot Review
1695:History of Adelaide
1647:Flinders University
1493:Jubilee 150 Walkway
1188:General Post Office
1056:Flinders University
955:James Hurtle Fisher
921:), and draughtsman
747:James Hurtle Fisher
704:Port Adelaide River
627:. The ship reached
252:Adelaide Park Lands
18:Light's Vision
4102:"Light, William".
3951:, p. 135-136.
3925:Guardian Messenger
3844:(photo & text)
3648:Monument Australia
3351:, p. 130-132.
3243:Monument Australia
3073:, p. 129-130.
3049:, p. 123-127.
3009:, p. 120-122.
2988:on 22 October 2019
2882:, Routledge, p. 39
2769:, p. 114-123.
2702:Henderson, Kelly.
2626:Henderson, Kelly.
2535:"Pioneer Ships #2"
2390:on 18 October 2019
2113:, pp. 35, 45.
1998:on 26 October 2019
1409:Light Memorial at
1398:The naming of the
1259:
1204:John Hannah Gordon
1158:
996:, after which the
987:Adelaide Town Hall
809:Laws of the Indies
776:
694:Designing Adelaide
457:lieutenant-colonel
449:King Ferdinand VII
390:Duke of Wellington
380:, where he learnt
315:Sheriff of Suffolk
304:Georgetown, Penang
266:Light was born in
225:
213:
205:
93:office established
4369:People from Kedah
4160:978-0-7270-1913-4
4137:978-0-7243-6494-7
3477:978-1-74224-092-3
2901:978-0-262-51240-4
2726:, p. 95-105.
2644:on 10 July 2022.
2435:978-0-522-84459-7
2334:, pp. 63–65.
2224:, pp. 51–59.
2149:, pp. 50–51.
2137:, pp. 46–50.
2101:, pp. 43–44.
1914:978-0-522-84459-7
1847:In-line citations
1768:Boer War Memorial
1443:on 21 April 1989.
1339:, located in the
1192:Mayor of Adelaide
1176:Henry Evan Sibley
1038:Carrington Street
892:After resignation
872:Swan River Colony
868:Van Diemen’s Land
519:and Mary studied
445:Sir Robert Wilson
197:
196:
16:(Redirected from
4436:
4326:
4305:Catalogue entry
4304:
4302:
4300:
4277:Catalogue entry
4276:
4274:
4272:
4238:
4226:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4163:
4140:
4119:
4086:
4067:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3900:on 30 April 2018
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3845:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3739:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3493:
3482:
3481:
3457:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3270:. Archived from
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3235:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3200:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3147:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3091:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3061:, p. 128-9.
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2903:
2889:
2883:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2814:
2808:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2786:. Archived from
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2738:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2708:
2699:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2643:
2632:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2589:. Archived from
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2564:, p. 72-89.
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2531:
2522:
2521:, p. 76-78.
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2482:. Archived from
2472:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2386:. Archived from
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2297:Views of Pompeii
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2263:. The Advertiser
2252:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2178:
2176:
2161:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2073:Harris, Samela.
2070:
2055:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2021:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1994:. Archived from
1984:
1969:
1968:
1953:Social Scientist
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1890:
1861:
1856:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1789:
1783:
1764:
1758:
1747:
1741:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1667:Christchurch, NZ
1594:
1590:
1586:
1491:A plaque on the
1456:West End Brewery
1277:. It featured a
1186:, (opposite the
923:Robert G. Thomas
840:John Stuart Mill
688:Proclamation Day
501:Views of Pompeii
368:regiment of the
240:Surveyor-General
234:, was a British-
221:Sicilian Scenery
153:
127:
125:
113:Personal details
101:
89:
80:
53:
39:
38:
21:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4349:
4348:
4314:Wayback Machine
4298:
4296:
4295:on 2 April 2019
4270:
4268:
4267:on 2 April 2019
4252:
4229:
4201:
4179:
4177:Further reading
4161:
4138:
4116:
4101:
4098:
4075:
4070:
4054:
4050:
4040:
4038:
4027:
4023:
4013:
4011:
4001:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3947:
3940:
3930:
3928:
3917:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3843:
3837:
3833:
3823:
3821:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3786:
3782:
3772:
3770:
3760:
3756:
3746:
3744:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3584:
3582:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3548:
3547:
3540:
3530:
3528:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3495:
3494:
3485:
3478:
3458:
3451:
3441:
3439:
3432:
3428:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3373:
3371:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3293:
3289:
3277:
3275:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3247:
3245:
3237:
3236:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3214:on 18 July 2006
3208:Adelaide Review
3202:
3201:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3104:
3102:
3092:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2961:
2959:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2890:
2886:
2877:
2873:
2860:
2858:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2815:
2811:
2799:
2795:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2706:
2700:
2687:
2677:
2675:
2664:
2660:
2641:
2630:
2624:
2617:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2489:
2487:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2436:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2393:
2391:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2345:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2253:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2174:
2172:
2162:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2071:
2058:
2050:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2023:
2022:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1986:
1985:
1972:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1915:
1891:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1790:
1786:
1765:
1761:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1686:
1669:
1660:
1655:
1615:
1610:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1568:
1498:Each April the
1378:County of Light
1371:Gulf St Vincent
1236:
1220:George Le Hunte
1184:Victoria Square
1162:Montefiore Hill
1151:Montefiore Hill
1140:
1132:
1067:
1012:
1006:
967:
894:
877:Toronto, Canada
864:New South Wales
798:
768:
716:
696:
637:Gulf St Vincent
629:Kangaroo Island
588:
481:Charlotte Jones
469:
437:French invasion
395:Channel Islands
339:
264:
219:William Light,
161:South Australia
155:
151:
137:
129:
123:
121:
99:
87:
81:
76:
60:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4442:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4316:
4281:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4240:
4235:The Advertiser
4227:
4213:Light, William
4198:
4185:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4159:
4146:
4136:
4121:
4114:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4048:
4021:
3995:
3974:
3953:
3938:
3911:
3885:
3860:
3831:
3819:Waymarking.com
3806:
3780:
3768:SA History Hub
3754:
3726:
3698:
3686:
3660:
3635:
3617:
3592:
3567:
3538:
3513:
3483:
3476:
3449:
3426:
3424:, p. 134.
3414:
3386:
3353:
3341:
3313:
3287:
3255:
3225:
3190:
3164:
3137:
3112:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3011:
2999:
2969:
2943:
2918:
2904:
2884:
2871:
2843:
2829:
2809:
2801:The Park Lands
2793:
2771:
2759:
2746:The Advertiser
2728:
2716:
2685:
2658:
2615:
2597:
2578:
2566:
2554:
2523:
2511:
2499:
2464:
2434:
2404:
2375:
2363:
2351:
2336:
2324:
2286:
2274:
2226:
2214:
2189:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2056:
2041:
2009:
1970:
1959:(3/4): 74–93.
1943:
1913:
1862:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1827:
1819:Daniel Garlick
1810:
1801:
1784:
1759:
1742:
1729:
1720:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:Misconceptions
1651:
1635:TerryandTheCuz
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1598:Barossa Valley
1567:
1564:
1546:
1545:
1523:
1496:
1489:
1478:
1467:
1444:
1433:
1414:
1407:
1396:
1381:
1374:
1359:
1352:
1349:Torrens Island
1334:
1333:
1332:
1317:
1298:Theodore Bruce
1251:
1250:
1235:
1232:
1196:Theodore Bruce
1155:North Adelaide
1147:Light's Vision
1139:
1138:Light's Vision
1136:
1131:
1128:
1124:Francis Dutton
1082:Trinity Church
1066:
1063:
1005:
1002:
998:Barossa Valley
966:
963:
893:
890:
856:British Canada
828:Jeremy Bentham
767:
764:
724:Adelaide Hills
715:
712:
695:
692:
677:Spencer's Gulf
587:
584:
573:Blackwall Yard
569:John Hindmarsh
549:paddle steamer
468:
465:
422:Derry, Ireland
378:Peninsular War
338:
335:
331:King George IV
263:
260:
256:Light's Vision
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
168:
164:
163:
154:(aged 53)
150:6 October 1839
148:
144:
143:
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
106:
105:
102:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
73:
72:
66:
65:
62:
61:
57:Self Portrait,
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4441:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4280:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4244:
4241:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4207:public domain
4199:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4171:
4170:Trove records
4167:
4162:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4122:
4117:
4115:0-207-14820-1
4111:
4107:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4073:Cited sources
4066:
4065:1-877270-86-5
4062:
4058:
4052:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4010:
4006:
3999:
3984:
3978:
3963:
3957:
3950:
3945:
3943:
3927:. news.com.au
3926:
3922:
3915:
3899:
3895:
3894:"Our history"
3889:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3769:
3765:
3762:Elton, Jude.
3758:
3743:
3736:
3730:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3695:
3690:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3543:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3479:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3456:
3454:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3418:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3383:
3380:According to
3369:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3350:
3345:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3302:
3298:
3291:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3244:
3240:
3239:"Maria Gandy"
3234:
3232:
3230:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3072:
3067:
3060:
3055:
3048:
3043:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3020:"Advertising"
3015:
3008:
3003:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2928:
2922:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2893:The Grid Book
2888:
2881:
2875:
2868:
2856:
2855:
2847:
2832:
2830:9781862547827
2826:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2768:
2763:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2725:
2720:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2576:, p. 94.
2575:
2570:
2563:
2558:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2520:
2515:
2509:, p. 70.
2508:
2503:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2401:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2373:, p. 81.
2372:
2367:
2361:, p. 70.
2360:
2355:
2349:, p. 66.
2348:
2343:
2341:
2333:
2328:
2320:
2314:
2299:
2298:
2290:
2284:, p. 60.
2283:
2278:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2223:
2218:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2184:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2125:, p. 45.
2124:
2119:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2095:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2054:, p. 42.
2053:
2048:
2046:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1831:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1805:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1739:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1677:Edward Jollie
1674:
1664:
1658:Port Adelaide
1650:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
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1405:
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1385:self-portrait
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1342:
1338:
1337:Light Passage
1335:
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1325:Kaurna people
1322:
1321:North Terrace
1318:
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1314:State Library
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643:, then up to
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1797:West Terrace
1787:
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1755:Celtic cross
1751:Legacy, etc.
1745:
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1673:Christchurch
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860:Pennsylvania
832:George Grote
825:
821:Thomas Holme
813:Philadelphia
805:grid pattern
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752:Murray River
739:River Murray
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661:Holdfast Bay
652:
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612:
600:
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577:River Thames
563:to join the
552:
546:
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529:Muhammad Ali
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366:4th Dragoons
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4374:1786 births
4217:Lee, Sidney
4014:27 November
3873:Google Maps
3032:13 December
2674:. SA Memory
2359:Steurt 1901
2347:Steurt 1901
2332:Steurt 1901
2282:Steurt 1901
2261:AdelaideNow
2222:Steurt 1901
2147:Steurt 1901
2135:Steurt 1901
2123:Steurt 1901
2111:Steurt 1901
2099:Steurt 1901
2052:Steurt 1901
1791:Adelaide's
1608:In the arts
1580:Mount Lofty
1572:watercolour
1552:stage play
1437:survey mark
1393:George Mayo
1363:Light River
1034:George Mayo
1004:Maria Gandy
1000:was named.
985:and in the
939:, and, for
848:city-states
836:Robert Owen
741:mouth near
489:Switzerland
327:East Indian
268:Kuala Kedah
131:Kuala Kedah
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4353:Categories
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4271:22 October
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3799:21 October
3773:21 October
3747:23 October
3719:22 October
3679:22 October
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3610:21 October
3585:31 October
3560:31 October
3531:31 October
3506:31 October
3442:31 October
3438:. In Daily
3306:23 October
3278:23 October
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3218:4 December
3183:18 October
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3130:23 October
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2992:22 October
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2836:22 October
2805:The Herald
2752:31 October
2678:21 October
2547:19 October
2490:23 October
2457:18 October
2394:18 October
2304:30 October
2267:23 October
2207:18 October
2175:18 October
2084:18 October
2034:18 October
2002:18 October
1936:18 October
1842:References
1593:A$ 120,000
1550:Max Afford
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1264:pentagonal
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1116:pentagonal
1095:Gandy was
1008:See also:
937:Port River
795:topography
669:Ramindjeri
633:Nepean Bay
607:Portsmouth
561:Alexandria
544:and 1835.
521:Egyptology
463:in Spain.
374:lieutenant
347:midshipman
343:Royal Navy
288:Portuguese
262:Early life
178:Occupation
124:1786-04-27
3988:3 January
3967:3 January
3794:Adelaidia
3407:8 October
3374:8 October
3334:8 October
3100:Adelaidia
2957:Adelaidia
2444:1833-7538
2170:Adelaidia
1923:1833-7538
1706:Footnotes
1631:Malaysian
1589:A$ 90,000
1585:A$ 20,000
1464:Hindmarsh
1411:Rapid Bay
1310:vestibule
1170:sculptor
1168:Edinburgh
1120:freestone
1097:executrix
1090:half-mast
1049:Thebarton
899:surveying
885:cadastral
852:New World
766:City plan
653:Africaine
641:Rapid Bay
477:miniature
311:Theberton
186:Known for
167:Parent(s)
78:In office
4310:Archived
4035:ABC News
3931:29 April
3904:29 April
3878:9 August
3467:Adelaide
2540:The News
2452:70677943
2428:. 1966.
2313:citation
1965:27866701
1931:70677943
1684:See also
1637:, named
1619:Adelaide
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1367:Waterloo
1343:between
1247:Adelaide
1180:pedestal
1016:de facto
913:Navarino
714:Location
708:Adelaide
517:sketches
495:(mainly
479:painter
416:rank of
399:Scotland
386:Napoleon
362:cornetcy
358:Calcutta
276:Malaysia
274:(now in
248:Adelaide
157:Adelaide
140:Malaysia
138:(now in
4219:(ed.).
4209::
4096:Sources
4009:InDaily
3738:(photo)
3674:InDaily
3285:House".
1780:Norwood
1776:Hackney
1602:amateur
1418:obelisk
1312:of the
1294:Monarto
1290:granite
1208:Premier
817:America
732:Glenelg
728:drought
683:Buffalo
575:on the
509:Gulnare
461:Corunna
407:captain
405:– as a
403:Ireland
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296:Siamese
242:of the
236:Malayan
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1471:Marion
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908:Cygnet
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649:Cygnet
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541:Thebes
485:France
430:Sicily
414:brevet
354:indigo
319:French
294:, and
292:French
284:Penang
223:, 1823
59:c.1815
2930:(PDF)
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1961:JSTOR
1772:Unley
1639:Light
1613:Stage
1520:mayor
1306:slate
1024:Rapid
959:arson
918:Rapid
675:, on
620:Rapid
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533:Pasha
513:Egypt
505:yacht
493:Italy
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135:Kedah
4329:here
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