857:
1518:. The ordinance of Blois of 1579 reduced their number to 12, but an ordinance of 1779 increased their number to 39 (18 first-class governors, 21 second-class governors). Although in principle, they were the king's representatives and their charges could be revoked at the king's will, some governors had installed themselves and their heirs as a provincial dynasty. The governors were at the height of their power from the middle of the 16th to the middle of the 17th century, but their role in provincial unrest during the civil wars led
2363:
792:
1914:
passed by the prefecture assembly, as well as control of the prefecture's budget and the power to dissolve the prefecture assembly. The governor can be subjected to a recall referendum. A total of one to four vice governors are appointed by the governor with the approval of the assembly. In the case of the governor's death, disability, or resignation, a vice governor would stand in as governor or acting governor.
564:), divided the provinces into two categories; the traditionally prestigious governorships remained as before (in what have become known as "senatorial" provinces), while in a range of others, he retained the formal governorship himself, delegating the actual task of administration to appointees (usually with the title
1070:, whereas the lieutenant governors are appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The role of the governor general and of the lieutenant governors in Canada is largely ceremonial, although they do retain the authority to exercise reserve powers in exceptional circumstances.
1913:
government. The governor was elected by a direct vote from the people and had a fixed term of four years. There is no restriction on the number of terms a person may serve as governor. The governor holds considerable power within the prefecture, including the ability to veto ordinances that have been
1829:
government. The governor and the vice governor are elected by a direct vote from the people as a couple, so the governor is responsible to the provincial residents. The governor has a term of five years to work in office and can be re-elected for another single period. In case of death, disability,
1221:
European powers other than the United
Kingdom, with colonies in Asia, Africa and elsewhere, gave their top representatives in their colonies the title of governor. Those representatives could be from chartered companies that ruled the colonies. In some of these colonies, there are still officials
1349:
are headed by governors, while others are headed by presidents or heads of administration. From 1991 to 2005, they were elected by popular vote and from 2005 to 2012, they were appointed by the federal president and confirmed by the province's legislature. After the debate, conducted by
889:
to help with the colony's administration, these ranged from presidential cabinet-like bodies that only served as consultative forums without collective executive powers or functions of their own while the governor had an independent decision-making capacity, to fully-fledged
876:
and was the (sometimes notional) head of the colonial administration. The governors' powers varied from colony to colony, depending on its constitutional setup; while all colonies had a separate court system, the governor only had legislative power in colonies that lacked a
1470:
has a governor, appointed by the regional government. He represents not only the regional but also the federal government in the province. He controls the local governments and is responsible for law and order, security and emergency action. The national capital of
1870:, but only guides supervises, and coordinates the works of city/municipal and regency governments. In other parts, municipal and regency governments have the right to manage each governance affairs based on the autonomy principle and assistantship duties.
1334:), vested in the Directors of the Chinese Eastern Railway, with the additional quality of Governors of the Chinese Eastern Railway Zone (in Harbin; as such being August 12, 1903 – July 1, 1905 subordinated to the imperial Viceroyalty of the Far East, see
1770:(CCP) committee (省委书记), who serves as the highest ranking party official in the province. Governors are elected by the provincial congresses and approved by the provincial party chief. All governors are not locals in the provinces which they govern.
716:
This system survived with few significant changes until the collapse of the empire in the West, and in the East, the breakdown of order with the
Persian and Arab invasions of the seventh century. At that stage, a new kind of governor emerged, the
1861:
Principally, the governor has the tasks and the authorities to lead governmental services in the province, based upon the policies that have been made together with the provincial parliament. The governor is not the superordinate of
733:
While the Roman administration in the West was largely destroyed in the barbarian invasions, its model was remembered; this model became very influential through two particular vehicles: Roman law and the
Christian Church.
1506:, and provincial and city governors (oversight of provinces and cities was frequently combined) were predominantly military positions in charge of defense and policing. Provincial governors – also called "
2051:. The governor is elected by a direct vote from the people and has a fixed term of three years. A governor can serve only up to a maximum of three consecutive terms. He may however be suspended by either the
414:, the governor may serve as head of state and head of government for their regional polity, while still operating under the laws of the federation, which has its own head of state for the entire federation.
1841:
on behalf of the president. In addition, the governor is the representative of the central government in the province and is responsible to the president. The governor's authority is regulated within Law
1802:
A governor is the head of a state in India. Generally, a governor is appointed for each state, but after the 7th
Constitutional Amendment, of 1956, one governor can be appointed for more than one state.
1003:, each state has the governor as its formal representative of the sovereign, as head of the state government. It is not a political office but a ceremonial one. Each state governor is appointed by the
1591:
1576:
1667:(President of the regional executive council). Since 2000, when a constitutional reform decided the direct election of the president by the people, it has been usual practice to call the official
2238:
hold elections every two years in every even-numbered year), while the remaining five hold them in odd-numbered years (two in the year after a presidential election, three in the year before).
1395:
is the female form) is an official title in German for certain political offices equivalent to a governor. It has historical uses, both administrative and colonial, and is now used in federal
439:. Indeed, many regions of the pre-Roman antiquity were ultimately replaced by Roman 'standardized' provincial governments after their conquest by Rome. Plato used the metaphor of turning the
2226:
section of the federal constitution, and serve as the political and ceremonial head of the state. Nearly three-fourths of the states (36) hold gubernatorial elections in the same years as
595:
A special case was Egypt, a rich 'private' domain and vital granary, where the emperor almost inherited the theocratic status of a pharaoh. The emperor was represented there by a governor
1979:; however, they cannot participate in the election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, discussions related to the privileges of the Malay rulers and matters concerning the observance of Islam.
542:
Under the
Republic and the early Empire, however, a governor also commanded military forces in his province. Republican governors were all men who had served in senior magistracies (the
620:
Provinces were divided up and became much more numerous (Italy itself, before the 'colonizing homeland', was brought into the system for the first time); they were then grouped into
1634:
of the
Venetian republic, comprising Terra Firma, other Adriatic (mainly Istria and Dalmatia) and further Mediterranean (mainly Greek) possessions, used different styles, such as
725:
which replaced provinces at this point, involving a return to the amalgamation of civil and military office which had been the practice under the
Republic and the early Empire.
1476:
1708:. As it is too small to have further administrative-territorial divisions, it is the equivalent of a prime minister, governor and mayor all rolled into one post, styled the
1319:), which built 1,481 km of tracks (Tarskaya – Hilar – Harbin – Nikolsk-Ussuriski; 3 November 1901 traffic opened) and established on 16 May 1898 the new capital city,
1799:. These governors are different from the governors who controlled the British-controlled portions of the Indian Empire (as opposed to the princely states) prior to 1947.
535:
From the creation of the earliest Roman subject provinces, a governor was appointed each year to administer each of them. The core function of a Roman governor was as a
2105:. The regional governor is elected every three years, separately from a regional vice governor who replaces the regional governor if the latter vacates the position.
1674:
In the various
Italian provinces (former principalities and city-states) that became amalgamated as the Papal States, the Holy See exerted temporal power via its
2067:, but unlike a referendum, the voters elect the governor of their choice. In case of death, disability, resignation, forced removal, or suspension, the
654:
The prestigious governorships of Africa and Asia remained with the title proconsul, and the special right to refer matters directly to the emperor; the
2782:
2245:
of Great
Britain, France, and Spain, the governor was chosen by the ruling monarch of the colonizing power or his designees; in British colonies, the
960:, the governor is normally a direct appointee of the British government and plays an active role in governing and lawmaking (though usually with the
2707:
923:
exercise similar powers to governors. (Note: such high commissioners are not to be confused with the high commissioners who are the equivalent of
616:) and Constantine in the third and fourth centuries AD carried out a root and branch reorganisation of the administration with two main features:
2026:
1101:
was the representative of the sovereign from 1843, which was the year that the authorities and duties of the post were officially defined by the
897:
Today, crown colonies of the United
Kingdom continue to be administered by governors who hold varying degrees of power. Because of the different
2661:
2686:
2060:
2063:. He may be removed by the president if found guilty of an administrative case or a criminal act during his tenure. He may be subjected to a
328:
1704:
The sovereign modern remnant of the formerly large Papal States, the tiny Vatican City State, is now a mere enclave in Rome, the capital of
1763:
1054:, there are governors at the federal and provincial levels of government who, within their jurisdictions, act as representatives of the
2593:
2079:
2075:
886:
1830:
or resignation, the vice governor would stand in as acting governor for some time before being inaugurated as the permanent governor.
2828:
2414:
1210:
560:). The first emperor, Octavianus Augustus (who acquired or settled a number of new territories; officially his style was republican:
1727:
2005:
is the head of the provincial government. The governor exercises powers similar to the president's, in their respective province.
2641:
2757:
2083:
1812:
1774:
1110:
964:
of elected local representatives). The governor's chief responsibility is for the defence and external affairs of the colony.
514:
dynasty dispensed with the office after Shapur I (who had still 7 of them), replacing them with petty vassal rulers, known as
2001:. The governor is the representative of the federal in their province and is the ceremonial head of the province whereas the
132:
2098:
1838:
2241:
In colonial North America, governors were chosen in a variety of ways, depending on how the colony was organized. In the
2091:
1988:
1042:
and other Commonwealth realms, state governors usually exercise their power only on the advice of a government minister.
1016:
460:
by the Greeks, and whose names often alluded to local patterns of religious worship) are usually known by the Greek word.
361:
2614:
758:(generals) administered a province of the Great Sultan's vast empire, with specific titles (such as Mutessaryf; Vali or
1693:, the home of the popes during their 'Babylonian exile', and retained centuries after, but never incorporated into the
1015:
on the advice of the British government). State governors have emergency reserve powers but these are rarely used. The
994:
847:
286:
2071:, elected separately in the same election for governor, succeeds as governor, or acting governor, as the case may be.
2741:
2420:
2350:. Mexican governors are directly elected by the citizens of each state for a six-year term and cannot be re-elected.
2230:(two years offset from presidential elections). Eleven states hold them in the same years as presidential elections (
2130:
2017:, the leaders of the provinces have been known as governors since August 1995. Previously they were called premiers.
1146:
161:
70:
1330:
On July 1, 1903, the Chinese Eastern Railway was opened and given authority of its own CER Administration (Russian:
456:
In Pharaonic times, the governors of each of the various provinces in the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt (called
2305:
1618:
1130:
177:
2494:
who is a shareholder and elected by all of the other shareholders of that private sector entity to be a member of
1526:
of finance, policing and justice, and in the 18th century the role of provincial governors was greatly curtailed.
1011:, who is the political chief executive of the state government (until 1986, state governors were appointed by the
2823:
2813:
2520:
2468:
2325:
2175:, who is appointed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The only exception is the specially governed district of
1288:) and governorate-general were the main units of territorial and administrative subdivision since the reforms of
1158:
968:
912:
891:
851:
666:
in Antioch also retained special titles. Otherwise, the governors of provinces had various titles, some known as
102:
427:
Though the legal and administrative framework of provinces, each administered by a governor, was created by the
2309:
2227:
2219:
1186:
1142:
1118:
2818:
2405:) have provinces or states run by elected governors, with offices similar in nature to U.S. state governors.
1733:
1198:
1039:
2056:
2052:
2048:
1182:
1106:
1082:
1063:
606:
394:, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a
323:
65:
2786:
1967:
after consulting the state governments. Each of these states has a separate head of government called the
1085:, they are not representatives of the sovereign but rather are representatives of the federal government.
1507:
1032:
137:
2257:, elected their own governors based on rules spelt out in the charter or other colonial legislation. In
2711:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2207:
1964:
1918:
1059:
872:, a governor was originally an official appointed by the British monarch (or the cabinet) to oversee a
722:
398:
may be either appointed or elected, and the governor's powers can vary significantly, depending on the
1574:
there are – and earlier in more German states there were – sub-state administrative regions called in
1489:
2657:
1269:
1020:
300:
281:
17:
2682:
2110:
934:
The term can also be used in a more generic sense, especially for compound titles which include it:
2285:
evicted (with varying levels of violence) royal and proprietary governors. The other two colonies (
2254:
2193:
1709:
1102:
1067:
444:
295:
1145:, the president of the Legislative Council (until 1993), as well as the commander-in-chief of the
1767:
1653:
1614:
1296:
961:
354:
245:
1074:
2374:
2211:
2140:
1834:
1826:
1762:
government. The governor is usually placed second in the provincial power hierarchy, below the
1571:
1346:
1300:
1249:
1244:
1229:
257:
38:
2463:
2172:
2114:
1998:
1956:
1951:
1563:
1437:
1098:
656:
625:
601:
184:
2585:
638:(the comital title was also granted to many court and civilian administrative positions) or
584:
rank, to act as his deputy in a subregion of the larger province: the infamous character of
2313:
2262:
1976:
1610:
1515:
1467:
1166:
1138:
882:
269:
157:
152:
1589:, which is sometimes translated into English as governorate. Thus its respective head, in
1559:
8:
2550:
2424:
2249:
was often the primary decision maker. Colonies based on a corporate charter, such as the
1851:
1843:
1493:
1304:
1122:
939:
885:. The executive powers vested in the governor varied as well; while many colonies had an
878:
480:
307:
631:
Military responsibilities were removed from governors and given to new officials called
2308:. Administered by the federal government, they had governors who were appointed by the
2258:
2250:
2144:
2126:
1796:
1679:
1519:
1514:, provincial estates and municipal bodies. The title "gouverneur" first appeared under
1004:
700:
581:
577:
561:
347:
274:
264:
189:
117:
90:
2639:
2737:
2540:
2294:
2282:
2223:
1759:
1555:
1259:
1094:
1078:
1028:
982:
920:
839:
165:
30:
2761:
856:
2545:
2428:
2343:
2339:
2274:
2014:
1960:
1879:
1786:
1741:
1705:
1690:
1585:
1355:
1024:
935:
835:
646:
391:
2459:
who are the head of a state or province, rendering other official titles such as:
1613:
was the first (and, with the exception of the short tenure of his younger brother
1121:
and possessed significant powers such as the power of appointing lawmakers in the
810:
2645:
2530:
1595:
1580:
1503:
1376:
1372:
1324:
1289:
1239:
1162:
1012:
843:
763:
743:
436:
411:
387:
337:
1459:), the style governor is still used, alongside the political head of government.
1338:). The post continued to function despite various political changes until after
539:
or judge, and the management of taxation and the public spending in their area.
2525:
2297:
was governor before and during the war period, while in Rhode Island, Governor
2246:
2148:
2002:
1972:
1312:
1281:
1264:
1254:
1178:
1055:
902:
869:
662:
585:
530:
477:
introduced the satrapy, probably inspired by the Assyrian / Babylonian examples
474:
127:
112:
107:
60:
2807:
2394:
2301:
was removed from office in 1775 for failing to support the rebel war effort.
2298:
2235:
2199:
2068:
1404:
1379:
for "state captain" or "state governor", literally 'country headman'; plural
814:
802:
774:, as he is appointed above several provinces under individual governors) and
621:
556:
440:
45:
2290:
2242:
2087:
1698:
1694:
1675:
1637:
1631:
1456:
1339:
1234:
972:
957:
916:
898:
873:
457:
428:
1335:
1066:. The governor general is appointed by the sovereign on the advice of the
930:
Frequently the name 'Government House' is given to governors' residences.
2535:
2286:
2064:
2032:
1910:
1417:
1400:
1316:
435:
has been a convenient term for historians to describe similar systems in
2362:
1137:, etc. At the same time, the governor was also the head of the colonial
550:) in Rome in the previous year, and carried related titles as governor (
2456:
2203:
2106:
1351:
1323:; in August 1898, the defense for Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) across
1292:. These were governed by a governor and governor-general respectively.
1206:
1126:
977:
967:
In some minor overseas territories, instead of a governor, there is an
924:
705:
668:
536:
399:
379:
231:
219:
97:
80:
1452:
2402:
2215:
2136:
1818:
1523:
1511:
1285:
1027:. The governor-general is the representative of and appointed by the
1000:
861:
767:
718:
674:
613:
488:
2113:(Arabic for "governor") as its head of the region and is elected by
1997:, each of the four provinces has a governor who is appointed by the
1652:
In the fascist regime there was the governor of the colonies of the
2160:
1994:
1930:
1543:
1472:
737:
694:
692:
greater Syria), each diocese was directed by a governor known as a
511:
252:
240:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2231:
2176:
1946:
1938:
1686:
1660:
1539:
1463:
1396:
1202:
1008:
680:
573:
547:
505:
484:
122:
55:
2734:
China's elite politics: political transition and power balancing
2338:
refers to the elected leader of each of the nation's thirty-one
1420:, the government-appointed heads of the provinces were known as
759:
2736:. Series on contemporary China. World Scientific. p. 385.
2331:
1934:
1863:
1749:
1388:
1320:
1134:
1051:
894:
whose decisions the governor was required to formally execute.
704:(greatly transformed in their functions from their role in the
589:
543:
499:
492:
383:
1510:" – also had the ability to convoke provincial
2635:
2439:) or, when appointed by the federal government, intervenors (
2398:
1942:
1885:
1867:
1792:
1567:
1448:
1307:
to the Russian 'Chinese Eastern Railway Society' (in Russian
1114:
1058:, who is Canada's head of state. The federal governor is the
755:
633:
470:
214:
2143:. Prior to 1948, in Ceylon (former name for Sri Lanka), the
402:
in place locally. The adjective pertaining to a governor is
1403:, a majority German-speaking province of Italy adjacent to
2353:
2304:
Before achieving statehood, many of the fifty states were
2182:
2047:
in Filipino) refers to the highest-ranking executive of a
1546:, In the modern-day states of Germany, the counterpart to
2615:"Gubernatorial elections to return to Russia this autumn"
2515:
2435:). From 1930 to 1945, they were styled either governors (
909:
now refers to officials with differing amounts of power.
781:
775:
640:
1795:, each state has a ceremonial governor appointed by the
1023:
instead of governors, who are appointed formally by the
2443:). From 1945 on, they have only been called governors.
1440:, however, the commissioner is still informally called
1361:
762:
which was often maintained and revived in the oriental
2265:
before it became a crown colony (and was divided into
1424:
from 1814 until 1850, when their title was changed to
1327:
was assumed by Russia (first under Priamur governor).
951:
2277:
who controlled the colony. In the early years of the
1447:
In the Dutch crown's Caribbean Overseas territories (
2474:
This also applies to non-western or antique culture
1975:. The four Yang di-Pertua Negeri are members of the
2139:are headed by governors, as representatives of the
1659:In today's Italy, the official name of a head of a
2708:"Local Government in Asia and the Pacific – China"
2683:"Zhou Qiang re-elected governor of Hunan Province"
2202:, the title "Governor" refers to the head of each
1125:, the power to grant land, the power of veto over
1031:sovereign at a federal level on the advice of the
2135:The provincial councils of the nine provinces of
2090:, the chief executive of the Philippines was the
1955:, appointed to a renewable four-year term by the
1309:Obshchestvo Kitayskoy Vostochnoy Zheleznoy Dorogi
1275:
2805:
2658:"Liu Weiping elected governor of Gansu province"
2431:, were styled as (provincial/state) presidents (
2316:rather than elected by the resident population.
1773:The title can be also used while referring to a
1088:
738:Holy Roman/Habsburg Empires and successor states
2293:) had corporate charters; Connecticut Governor
2179:, whose governor is elected by its population.
2027:List of current Philippine provincial governors
1900:
1758:) refers to the highest ranking executive of a
1716:
1185:from 1922 until the suspension of the devolved
464:
2061:secretary of the interior and local government
1894:
1502:. Royal officers were chosen from the highest
1197:From the 16th century until 1995, there was a
1165:, an Antarctic sector which is claimed by the
628:(originally each under a residing co-emperor);
2477:
2171:in Thai) refers to the administrator of each
1909:refers to the highest ranking executive of a
1825:refers to the highest-ranking executive of a
1073:Each of the three territories is headed by a
355:
2638:; Definition of Landeshauptmann, in German.
1475:, which is not part of a province, also has
1172:
443:with a rudder; the Latin word for rudder is
2783:"Appointment Of Persons To Important Posts"
1933:, each of the four non-monarchical states (
1358:of governors were expected to be restored.
1062:, and the governor of each province is the
1850:) No. 32/2004 and Governmental Ordinance (
1522:to create the more tractable positions of
362:
348:
2731:
2710:. Unescap.org. 1997-07-01. Archived from
2415:List of current state governors in Brazil
1216:
1211:Supreme Governor of the Church of England
2210:. Governors retain sovereign power over
1492:, the representative of the king in his
1117:in 1997. Each governor was appointed by
901:histories of the former colonies of the
855:
2354:Other modern countries in South America
2183:Other modern countries in North America
1833:The elected governor is inaugurated by
946:
2806:
1813:List of current governors in Indonesia
782:British Empire and Commonwealth realms
2446:
2097:The highest ranking executive of the
1921:for a list of the current governors.
1728:Governor (People's Republic of China)
1554:(minister-president). In the present
1410:
1311:; established on 17 December 1896 in
1209:, the monarch has borne the title of
1019:of Australia other than the ACT have
624:, and the dioceses in turn into four
133:President of the Council of Ministers
2785:. Malaysian Monarchy. Archived from
2357:
2099:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
1689:and the surrounding southern French
1663:(the Italian subnational entity) is
1362:Other European countries and empires
785:
422:
2725:
2092:governor-general of the Philippines
2008:
1989:List of current Pakistani governors
1949:) has a ceremonial governor styled
1839:Indonesian minister of home affairs
952:United Kingdom overseas territories
698:. The prefectures were directed by
13:
2675:
2650:
2629:
1602:, is also translated as governor.
1479:with nearly the same competencies.
995:Governors of the Australian states
956:In the United Kingdom's remaining
848:Official Secretary to the Governor
495:('Ptolemies' in Hellenistic Egypt)
417:
14:
2840:
2685:. Chinadaily.com.cn. 2008-01-24.
2660:. Chinadaily.com.cn. 2011-01-18.
2455:is used for various 'equivalent'
2131:Provincial governors of Sri Lanka
1665:Presidente della Giunta regionale
1192:
684:. Apart from Egypt and the East (
502:, again under Iranian dynasties:
162:Cabinet collective responsibility
71:President of the council of state
2829:Governance of the British Empire
2361:
2273:), governors were chosen by the
2187:
1701:and vice-legates were appointed.
1542:for the head of government of a
1181:itself, there was a position of
790:
2689:from the original on 2013-06-06
2664:from the original on 2013-06-06
2596:from the original on 2006-08-27
2326:List of Mexican state governors
1621:to bear the title of governor.
1159:governor-general of New Zealand
852:Administrator of the Government
749:
524:
2775:
2750:
2700:
2607:
2578:
2220:president of the United States
2020:
1754:
1436:. In the southern province of
1299:Zone, which was governed as a
1276:Russia and former Soviet Union
1187:Parliament of Northern Ireland
1161:is always the governor of the
1152:
1040:governors-general of Australia
927:between Commonwealth states).
1:
2571:
2423:, the heads of the Brazilian
1538:(state governor) was used in
1199:governor of the Isle of Wight
1089:British Hong Kong (1841–1997)
607:religious cult of the emperor
592:was a governor of this sort.
329:Heads of state and government
2498:at a private sector entity (
2120:
1806:
1717:Other modern Asian countries
1183:Governor of Northern Ireland
988:
813:or discuss the issue on the
721:. It was a role leading the
711:
465:Pre- and Hellenistic satraps
7:
2509:
2154:
2109:, its replacement, has the
1982:
1924:
1901:
1345:Some of the administrative
1147:British Forces in Hong Kong
1033:prime minister of Australia
754:In the Ottoman Empire, all
138:President of the government
10:
2845:
2496:confederation of governors
2488:confederation of governors
2478:Other meanings of the word
2412:
2323:
2279:American Revolutionary War
2191:
2124:
2024:
1986:
1919:List of governors of Japan
1877:
1810:
1784:
1734:People's Republic of China
1725:
1682:, including some cardinals
1529:
1366:
1093:In the colonial period of
1060:governor general of Canada
992:
975:, or the position is held
833:
805:towards certain viewpoints
572:sometimes would appoint a
528:
15:
2408:
2340:Free and Sovereign States
2319:
2222:and laws provided by the
2218:, are subordinate to the
2080:American colonial periods
1895:
1745:
1605:
1483:
1270:Swedish overseas colonies
1173:Within the United Kingdom
1077:appointed by the federal
1045:
728:
612:Emperors Diocletian (see
390:, in some cases, such as
18:Governor (disambiguation)
2255:Massachusetts Bay Colony
2194:Governor (United States)
2082:, as well as during the
1873:
1780:
1721:
1710:Governor of Vatican City
1669:governatore/governatrice
1624:
1103:Hong Kong Letters Patent
1068:prime minister of Canada
892:parliamentary ministries
860:Flag of the governor of
483:and equally Hellenistic
450:
1963:, on the advice of the
1768:Chinese Communist Party
1654:Italian colonial empire
1619:head of state of Greece
1615:Augustinos Kapodistrias
1490:Ancien Régime in France
1297:Chinese Eastern Railway
1295:A special case was the
2824:Positions of authority
2814:Government occupations
2590:PenguinRandomhouse.com
2586:"Penguin Random House"
2486:refers to a member of
1855:
1847:
1599:
1584:
1572:North Rhine-Westphalia
1347:subdivisions of Russia
1250:German colonial empire
1245:French colonial empire
1230:Danish colonial empire
1217:Other colonial empires
1141:, the chairman of the
865:
660:in Alexandria and the
626:praetorian prefectures
605:, a title evoking the
406:, from the Latin root
2492:private sector entity
2312:and confirmed by the
2117:for a six-year term.
1957:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1952:Yang di-Pertua Negeri
1534:Until 1933, the term
1205:. Since the reign of
1007:on the advice of the
859:
834:Further information:
657:praefectus augustalis
602:praefectus augustalis
380:administrative leader
2819:Gubernatorial titles
2263:Province of Carolina
2259:proprietary colonies
2147:was the head of the
1977:Conference of Rulers
1856:Peraturan Pemerintah
1611:Ioannis Kapodistrias
1167:Realm of New Zealand
1113:of Hong Kong to the
1083:lieutenant governors
1081:. Unlike provincial
958:overseas territories
947:Vice-regal governors
883:Legislative Assembly
580:), usually a man of
491:(greater Syria) and
324:National governments
158:Government formation
39:Executive government
16:For other uses, see
2551:Lieutenant governor
2451:As a generic term,
2397:republics (such as
2084:Japanese occupation
1600:Regierungspräsident
1508:lieutenant generals
1496:and cities was the
1354:in April 2012, the
1284:, the governorate (
1123:legislative council
1064:lieutenant governor
940:lieutenant-governor
879:Legislative Council
811:improve the article
701:praefecti praetorio
481:Alexander the Great
31:the Politics series
2732:Zhiyue Bo (2007).
2644:2015-10-30 at the
2447:Modern equivalents
2373:. You can help by
2342:with the official
2251:Connecticut Colony
2145:governor of Ceylon
2127:Governor of Ceylon
1797:president of India
1766:of the provincial
1520:Cardinal Richelieu
1411:Benelux monarchies
1222:called governors.
1107:Royal Instructions
1005:Australian monarch
921:high commissioners
866:
678:, while others as
562:Princeps civitatis
282:Semi-parliamentary
118:Minister-president
91:Head of government
23:Governing official
2541:Governor-in-chief
2391:
2390:
2295:Jonathan Trumbull
2283:Thirteen Colonies
2228:midterm elections
2224:enumerated powers
2208:insular territory
2169:Phuwa Ratcha Gaan
2103:regional governor
1560:Baden-Württemberg
1552:Ministerpräsident
1385:Landeshauptmänner
1332:Upravleniye KVZhD
1315:, later moved to
1260:Portuguese Empire
1143:Executive Council
1029:king of Australia
983:High Commissioner
887:Executive Council
840:Governor-in-chief
832:
831:
588:in the Christian
487:kingdoms, mainly
423:Pre-Roman empires
392:governors-general
372:
371:
296:Semi-presidential
2836:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2760:. Archived from
2754:
2748:
2747:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2679:
2673:
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2669:
2654:
2648:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2582:
2546:Governor-general
2386:
2383:
2365:
2358:
2281:, eleven of the
2275:Lords Proprietor
2074:During both the
2045:Punong Lalawigan
2015:Papua New Guinea
2009:Papua New Guinea
1961:King of Malaysia
1908:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1880:Governor (Japan)
1787:Governor (India)
1756:
1747:
1706:Italian Republic
1691:Comtat Venaissin
1630:The essentially
1594:
1586:Regierungsbezirk
1579:
1381:Landeshauptleute
1356:direct elections
1025:governor-general
936:governor-general
836:Governor-general
827:
824:
818:
794:
793:
786:
772:governor-general
764:successor states
647:magister militum
388:political region
364:
357:
350:
304:
292:
278:
261:
249:
26:
25:
2844:
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2839:
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2833:
2804:
2803:
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2801:
2792:
2790:
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2776:
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2765:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2730:
2726:
2717:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2692:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2667:
2665:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2646:Wayback Machine
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2599:
2597:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2531:Deputy governor
2521:Chief executive
2512:
2480:
2449:
2421:1930 Revolution
2417:
2411:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2371:needs expansion
2356:
2328:
2322:
2196:
2190:
2185:
2157:
2133:
2125:Main articles:
2123:
2029:
2023:
2011:
1991:
1985:
1927:
1905:
1892:
1882:
1876:
1858:) No. 19/2010.
1815:
1809:
1789:
1783:
1777:governor (县长).
1730:
1724:
1719:
1636:(castelleno e)
1632:maritime empire
1627:
1608:
1590:
1575:
1548:Landeshauptmann
1536:Landeshauptmann
1532:
1486:
1413:
1393:Landeshauptfrau
1373:Landeshauptmann
1369:
1364:
1325:northeast China
1290:Peter the Great
1278:
1240:Empire of Japan
1219:
1195:
1175:
1163:Ross Dependency
1155:
1133:, the power of
1091:
1048:
1013:British monarch
997:
991:
954:
949:
854:
844:Deputy governor
828:
822:
819:
808:
795:
791:
784:
752:
744:Reichskommissar
740:
731:
714:
566:legatus Augusti
533:
527:
473:and Achaemenid
467:
453:
425:
420:
418:Ancient empires
412:federated state
368:
338:Politics portal
298:
284:
272:
255:
243:
224:
194:
164:
160:
156:
142:
103:Chief executive
75:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2842:
2832:
2831:
2826:
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2800:
2799:
2774:
2749:
2742:
2724:
2699:
2674:
2649:
2628:
2606:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2526:Chief minister
2523:
2518:
2511:
2508:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2469:Administrators
2466:
2448:
2445:
2413:Main article:
2410:
2407:
2395:South American
2389:
2388:
2368:
2366:
2355:
2352:
2324:Main article:
2321:
2318:
2261:, such as the
2247:Board of Trade
2243:crown colonies
2192:Main article:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2167:(ผู้ว่าราชการ
2156:
2153:
2149:British colony
2122:
2119:
2059:, through the
2022:
2019:
2010:
2007:
2003:chief minister
1984:
1981:
1973:chief minister
1965:prime minister
1959:, the federal
1926:
1923:
1878:Main article:
1875:
1872:
1808:
1805:
1785:Main article:
1782:
1779:
1726:Main article:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1702:
1683:
1672:
1657:
1650:
1626:
1623:
1607:
1604:
1531:
1528:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1466:, each of the
1460:
1445:
1412:
1409:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1313:St. Petersburg
1305:Imperial China
1282:Russian Empire
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1265:Spanish Empire
1262:
1257:
1255:Italian Empire
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1218:
1215:
1194:
1193:Within England
1191:
1179:United Kingdom
1174:
1171:
1154:
1151:
1115:PRC government
1090:
1087:
1056:king of Canada
1047:
1044:
1021:administrators
993:Main article:
990:
987:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
943:
913:Administrators
903:United Kingdom
899:constitutional
870:British Empire
864:, 1982–present
830:
829:
798:
796:
789:
783:
780:
751:
748:
747:
746:
739:
736:
730:
727:
713:
710:
663:comes Orientis
652:
651:
629:
586:Pontius Pilate
531:Roman governor
529:Main article:
526:
523:
522:
521:
520:
519:
508:
496:
478:
466:
463:
462:
461:
452:
449:
424:
421:
419:
416:
382:and head of a
370:
369:
367:
366:
359:
352:
344:
341:
340:
334:
333:
332:
331:
326:
318:
317:
313:
312:
311:
310:
305:
301:cohabitational
293:
279:
267:
262:
250:
246:Constitutional
235:
234:
228:
227:
226:
225:
223:
222:
217:
212:
206:
198:
197:
196:
195:
193:
192:
187:
181:
171:
170:
169:
168:
146:
145:
144:
143:
141:
140:
135:
130:
128:Prime minister
125:
120:
115:
113:First minister
110:
108:Chief minister
105:
100:
94:
84:
83:
77:
76:
74:
73:
68:
63:
61:Supreme leader
58:
52:
49:
48:
42:
41:
35:
34:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2841:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2789:on 2012-04-02
2788:
2784:
2778:
2764:on 2018-02-09
2763:
2759:
2753:
2745:
2743:9789812700414
2739:
2735:
2728:
2714:on 2012-06-28
2713:
2709:
2703:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2616:
2610:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2441:interventores
2438:
2434:
2430:
2427:, now called
2426:
2422:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2385:
2376:
2372:
2369:This section
2367:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2299:Joseph Wanton
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2236:New Hampshire
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2200:United States
2195:
2188:United States
2180:
2178:
2174:
2173:Thai province
2170:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2069:vice governor
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:Ketua Menteri
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1903:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:Undang-undang
1845:
1840:
1836:
1835:the president
1831:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1556:German states
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1468:ten provinces
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
996:
986:
984:
980:
979:
974:
970:
969:administrator
965:
963:
959:
941:
937:
933:
932:
931:
928:
926:
922:
918:
917:commissioners
914:
910:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
888:
884:
880:
875:
871:
863:
858:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
826:
816:
812:
806:
804:
799:This section
797:
788:
787:
779:
777:
773:
770:(rendered as
769:
765:
761:
757:
745:
742:
741:
735:
726:
724:
720:
709:
707:
703:
702:
697:
696:
691:
687:
683:
682:
677:
676:
671:
670:
665:
664:
659:
658:
649:
648:
644:, later also
643:
642:
637:
636:rei militaris
635:
630:
627:
623:
619:
618:
617:
615:
610:
608:
604:
603:
598:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
532:
517:
513:
509:
507:
504:
503:
501:
497:
494:
490:
486:
482:
479:
476:
472:
469:
468:
459:
455:
454:
448:
446:
442:
441:Ship of State
438:
434:
430:
415:
413:
409:
405:
404:gubernatorial
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
365:
360:
358:
353:
351:
346:
345:
343:
342:
339:
336:
335:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
319:
315:
314:
309:
306:
302:
297:
294:
290:
289:
283:
280:
276:
271:
270:Parliamentary
268:
266:
263:
259:
258:Parliamentary
254:
251:
247:
242:
239:
238:
237:
236:
233:
230:
229:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
199:
191:
188:
186:
183:
182:
180:
179:
175:
174:
173:
172:
167:
163:
159:
155:
154:
150:
149:
148:
147:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
95:
93:
92:
88:
87:
86:
85:
82:
79:
78:
72:
69:
67:
64:
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2768:2007-05-31
2718:2012-07-17
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2600:2009-03-13
2572:References
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2457:politician
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