3083:
1230:". Vice-chancellors may be appointed to assist the chancellor in busy chanceries. Normally, the chancellor is a priest or deacon, although in some circumstances a layperson may be appointed to the post. In the eparchial curia a chancellor is to be appointed who is to be a presbyter (priest) or deacon and whose principal obligation, unless otherwise established by the particular law, is to see that the acts of the curia are gathered and arranged as well as preserved in the archives of the eparchial curia.
3348:
3076:
692:, the Chancellor is elected by the Grand Council (i.e. Parliament) and has the task of supporting the Grand Council and the Executive Council in carrying out their tasks. The Chancellor directs the staff of the Executive Council, supports the President of the Government and the Executive Council in the performance of their duties, and usually participates as an advisor to the President of the Grand Council in Grand Council sessions.
3358:
3090:
1222:, or their equivalent. The chancellor is a notary, so that he may certify official documents, and often has other duties at the discretion of the bishop of the diocese: he may be in charge of some aspect of finances or of managing the personnel connected with diocesan offices, although his delegated authority cannot extend to vicars of the diocesan bishop, such as
688:, the first documents attesting to the existence of a Chancellor go back to the 12th century. In the 16th century the Chancery is officially described as the permanent secretariat of the executive and legislature. The first of these functions still constitutes an important part of its activities in Geneva and other cantons. In the
1252:
has a
Conference Chancellor, who is the Annual Conference's legal adviser and representative. While the Annual Conference usually hires outside professional counsel in matters that require legal representation, that hiring and representation is done under the supervision, and with the consent, of the
676:, the Swiss federal government. The Chancellor participates in the meetings of the seven Federal Councilors with a consultative vote and prepares the reports on policy and activities of the council to parliament (assembly). The chancellery is responsible for the publication of all federal laws.
1131:
In
Denmark, the office of chancellor (or royal chancellor) seems to have appeared in the 12th century, and until 1660 it was the title of the leader of the state administration (a kind of a "Home Office" but often with foreign political duties). Often he appeared to be the real leader of the
1909:
of the
Catholic Church, the chancellor may be a layperson, and not necessarily a presbyter or deacon. The office of the Chancellor is mandatory in all diocessan (eparchial) curia. The primary function of the Chancellor is to keep the curial records properly. Beal,
527:("Federal Diet", the directly elected federal parliament) every four years on the beginning of the electoral period after general elections. Between general elections, the Chancellor (together with the whole cabinet) can only be removed from office by a
970:, the Lord Chancellor became the nominal head of the Chancery Division. The Lord Chancellor was permitted to participate in judicial sittings of the House of Lords; he also chose the committees that heard appeals in the Lords. The
1289:
In a few instances, the term chancellor applies to a student or faculty member in a high school or an institution of higher learning who is either appointed or elected as chancellor to preside on the highest ranking
3056:
664:
646:
624:
1430:
The "royal sealer" (xtmtj-bity or xtmw-bity), a title which conveyed a certain rank at the royal court, attested since the First
Dynasty (about 3000 BC). People holding the post include
2210:
1132:
government. From 1660 until 1848, the title continued as "Grand
Chancellor" or "President of the Danish Chancellery", and was replaced in 1730 by the title "Minister of Domestic Affairs".
1624:
589:
and stood under his authority. This continued (formally) during the first year of the Nazi regime until the death of
President Paul von Hindenburg in 1934. Between 1934 and 1945,
1535:
each had a Grand
Chancellor and a Deputy Chancellor, each entitled to a senatorial seat, responsible for the affairs of the whole Kingdom, each with his own chancery. See
1010:
of the High Court of
Justice. Before 2005, the judge occupying this position was known as the Vice-Chancellor, the Lord Chancellor being the nominal head of the Division.
2215:
1072:
640:) is not the political head of government, but rather its chief administrator as the Chief of Staff of the Swiss Federal Government. He is elected by the Swiss
2105:
3361:
1536:
1278:, who run the municipally-operated public schools in those jurisdictions, carry the title of Chancellor. New York State also has a Chancellor of the
1714:
3394:
3229:
1282:, the body that licenses and regulates all educational and research institutions in the state and many professions (not to be confused with the
993:
was the first Lord
Chancellor to be a member of the House of Commons, rather than the House of Lords or its predecessor, the Curia Regis, since
1317:(Rector). In order to avoid any misunderstanding, the head of the German Federal Government is therefore usually called by the official title
339:
3212:
2729:
2681:
1603:. He issued laws and regulations, and was responsible for day-to-day administration of the kingdom. From 1270, the Chancellor resided in
854:
1789:
2098:
974:
head of the
Chancery Division was the Vice-Chancellor, and the role of choosing appellate committees was in practice fulfilled by the
2656:
942:
1768:
Web site of the Bern Chancellery (French version) www.rr.be.ch/rr/fr/index/der_regierungsrat/der_regierungsrat/staatsschreiber.html
3351:
1449:—imy-r xtmt) was responsible for the state's income. This position appears around 2000 BC. Officials holding the post include
2709:
2790:
2257:
684:
In most Swiss cantons there is a State Chancellor who heads the central administrative unit of the cantonal government. In the
2028:
1804:
1267:
A chancellor is the leader, either ceremonial or executive, of many public and private universities and related institutions.
2999:
2174:
2091:
1483:
1271:
1103:
143:
2671:
2646:
2138:
1054:
954:
905:
881:
789:
and monitors the implementation of basic civil liberties. In this special function the chancellor also sits in the Finnish
586:
2694:
2074:
1510:
1279:
1275:
1249:
372:
2812:
2412:
1577:
1524:
1193:
960:
Head of the English, but not Scottish, judiciary. In previous centuries, the Lord Chancellor was the sole judge in the
551:
536:
297:
3389:
2844:
1944:
1051:. While palatine and liberty jurisdictions are practically obsolete, the ceremonial title chancellor remains in use:
975:
172:
81:
27:
2179:
1196:. As the Smithsonian is a research and museum system, its use of the title is perhaps best thought of as akin to a
930:
766:
396:) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the
188:
2795:
2632:
1543:
1149:
967:
593:
combined the roles of head of state, head of government and leader of the ruling party, being officially titled "
113:
31:
2528:
1027:, the head of the lord's administration was often titled "chancellor". Where the lord was a bishop (as with the
728:. Likewise, the ministry of foreign affairs in Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas is referred to as the
1374:
950:
830:
673:
641:
1506:, the Chancellor of France presided over the Chamber of Peers, the upper house of the royal French parliament.
949:). In addition to the now primarily ceremonial duties as Chancellor, the office is now invariably held by the
2275:
2148:
1076:
941:
left the United Kingdom. The Lord Chancellor is the ceremonially second-highest-ranking non-royal subject in
3366:
2666:
2637:
2169:
1283:
1188:
In the United States, the only "chancellor" established by the federal government is the Chancellor of the
1003:
334:
76:
422:. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in various settings (government, education,
3173:
2737:
2699:
2184:
1639:
1209:
1107:
1048:
869:
748:
responsible for technical issues relating to foreign affairs. As to the German foreign service, the term
725:
414:(court hall), which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a
148:
20:
1898:§3. The chancellor as well as the vice-chancellor are by the law itself notaries of the eparchial curia.
2417:
2250:
1783:
1661:
1099:
1062:
2800:
2767:
1620:
619:
311:
292:
2719:
1503:
1338:
946:
794:
306:
1895:§2. If it seems necessary the chancellor can be given an assistant whose title is vice-chancellor.
2819:
2757:
2714:
2445:
1245:
1189:
842:
365:
256:
2777:
2752:
2492:
2220:
1927:
As an example, see the Texas Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church (www.txcumc.org).
1902:
1875:
1262:
1197:
877:
268:
49:
1915:
1759:
Web site of Geneva Chancellery www.ge.ch/chancellerie/services-cha.asp retrieved March 2018.
2772:
2243:
1495:
1177:
1161:
826:
806:
786:
486:
462:
195:
892:
is used in British politics, it almost always refers to the Chancellor of the Exchequer. As
3234:
2930:
2807:
2704:
2689:
2502:
2467:
2450:
2361:
1588:
1471:
1066:
822:
790:
280:
168:
163:
8:
3299:
3222:
3217:
2747:
2742:
2533:
2399:
2283:
1573:
1499:
1487:
1153:
717:
577:
as the head of the executive. Between 1871 and 1918, the Chancellor was appointed by the
502:
318:
1569:. Only the most distinguished government officials were promoted to this grade, such as
2586:
2429:
2159:
2115:
2069:
1616:
1608:
1410:
1036:
1020:
994:
926:
745:
498:
358:
285:
275:
200:
128:
101:
3082:
2083:
473:), is the head of the Government of Austria. Since 2021, the Chancellor of Austria is
3287:
2523:
2407:
2376:
1940:
1861:
1547:
1527:(1569–1795), the four chancellors were among the ten highest officials of the state.
1421:
1238:
1227:
1080:
1007:
962:
176:
41:
1023:, where a local lord exercised personal jurisdiction that elsewhere was reserved to
3314:
3309:
2984:
2597:
2330:
2025:
1808:
1748:
1570:
1346:
1234:
938:
873:
721:
709:
685:
1847:
865:
In the legal system of the United Kingdom, the term can refer to these officials:
3339:
3319:
3304:
3239:
3195:
3168:
3045:
2994:
2989:
2621:
2487:
2321:
2304:
2032:
1566:
1475:
1111:
1016:
914:
582:
562:
348:
1805:"Constitutional continuity: Jack Straw speech at the London School of Economics"
1382:
1373:
was the highest-ranking executive official serving under the emperor. See also:
1364:
1352:
3178:
2962:
2876:
2651:
2576:
2557:
2482:
2439:
2424:
2340:
2189:
2154:
2143:
1695:
1596:
1558:
1554:
1467:
1450:
1417:
1370:
1223:
982:
937:
A former office of "Chancellor of Ireland" was abolished in 1922, when all but
897:
689:
578:
514:
389:
138:
123:
118:
71:
3113:
1782:
1173:
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3324:
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3207:
3163:
3006:
2967:
2608:
1830:
1778:
1562:
1028:
741:
701:
558:
474:
56:
1156:
in Great Britain. A ministry can also have one or several Vice-Chancellors (
3277:
2912:
2569:
2366:
2266:
1906:
1669:
1115:
986:
590:
566:
26:"Grand chancellor" and "The Chancellor" redirect here. For other uses, see
19:
This article is about the governmental official title. For other uses, see
1427:
There are two ancient Egyptian titles sometimes translated as chancellor.
1401:
3272:
3262:
3123:
3050:
2881:
2868:
2762:
2603:
2515:
2497:
2279:
1677:
1665:
1632:
1600:
1557:, the chancellor was the highest rank of civil service as defined by the
1406:
1040:
1032:
615:
547:
752:(chancellor) refers to the administrative head of a diplomatic mission.
3158:
3140:
3033:
2945:
2591:
1793:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 63.
1660:
A "State Chancellor" (German: Staatskanzler) was head of government in
1160:), who fulfill the duties of the Chancellor, when they are absent. The
1095:
990:
242:
230:
91:
1152:
and coordinates institutions subject to the ministry, comparably to a
3190:
3118:
3075:
3040:
2974:
2940:
2935:
2907:
2581:
2547:
2477:
2194:
1715:"Immigration hardliner Karl Nehammer to take over as Austrian leader"
1690:
1595:, "Chancellor of Norway's Realm") was the most important aide of the
1532:
1024:
818:
521:
1986:
Urkunden zur Chronologie der späten 12. Dynastie, Briefe aus Illahun
1494:
was responsible for some judicial proceedings. During the reigns of
3294:
3267:
3257:
3130:
3108:
2838:
1517:
1301:
In Germany many heads of university administration carry the title
1298:. They handle non-academic matters such as violations of behavior.
1295:
1291:
1058:
423:
411:
405:
263:
251:
220:
2950:
2902:
2164:
1673:
1654:
1458:
1431:
1226:, episcopal vicars or judicial vicars. His office is within the "
1219:
1215:
966:; when, in 1873, that court was combined with others to form the
885:
133:
66:
1627:"for eternity." The Chancellors were originally chosen from the
3200:
3028:
2979:
2552:
2538:
2235:
1628:
1604:
1584:
1528:
1435:
1065:, often given to senior politicians so they have a seat in the
3089:
1118:
cases. Judges who sit on those courts are called chancellors.
3185:
3020:
2957:
2897:
2291:
2287:
1650:
1546:
was the highest non-hereditary rank in the government of the
225:
925:) is one of the oldest offices of state, dating back to the
2890:
2542:
1879:
1612:
1454:
755:
695:
2438:
1657:
and was charged with holding the king's pleas and "waste".
1180:
and monitors the implementation of basic civil liberties.
845:. There is in addition to this a University Chancellor or
724:. It is often used as a synonym to the full titles of the
3135:
2058:
Oslo bys historie: Byen ved festningen: fra 1536 til 1814
1623:
became Chancellor on a permanent basis. He was given the
880:, the Chancellor is generally seen as second only to the
1309:(Chancellor) while the academical heads carry the title
2345:
heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families
2113:
1241:
are each presided over by a Chancellor of the Diocese.
3362:
Knowledge:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals
1513:
from the 14th century, there was a royal chancellor (
957:. Previously, the Chancellor also held the roles of:
426:). Nowadays the term is most often used to describe:
672:) — the general staff of the seven-member executive
3342:
is the accepted criterion for official distinctions
1214:The chancellor is the principal record-keeper of a
1089:
439:
A person in charge of financial and economic issues
1176:) supervises the legality of actions taken by the
933:itself. Theoretically, the Lord Chancellor is the
884:in political potency. The title dates back to the
785:) supervises the legality of actions taken by the
402:of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the
896:, the Chancellor has an official residence at 11
3381:
3230:International Commission for Orders of Chivalry
1341:is the common translation of the Chinese title
1121:
1075:, Keeper of the Great Seal, second only to the
2335:and their national/public/official authorities
1405:(Great Council of State) during and after the
1392:
1166:
1142:
585:(1919-1933), the Chancellor was chosen by the
2251:
2099:
1537:Offices in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1362:
1350:
1286:, an actual institution of higher learning).
847:
835:
811:
779:
771:
366:
1515:
1319:
1311:
1303:
720:) are commonly used to refer to the post of
595:
571:
529:
519:
507:
491:
467:
2078:. Oxford Univ., 1909. Accessed 31 Jan 2013.
2016:, Egypt Exploration Society—1958, p. 7
1937:Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary
1914:, Paulist Press, Mahwah, New Jersey, 2000,
403:
397:
2460:
2258:
2244:
2106:
2092:
1738:Grundgesetz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
1203:
1192:, a largely ceremonial office held by the
373:
359:
1653:administered the peasantry of the king's
1631:. The position lost its importance after
985:. These duties are now undertaken by the
546:Since 2021, the Chancellor of Germany is
446:
3352:Category:Orders, decorations, and medals
1777:
756:Functions related to justice and the law
696:Foreign minister and diplomatic official
3395:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
1912:New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law
1486:, as an office associated with that of
1256:
829:in 1713. Historically there was also a
601:" (literally "Leader and Chancellor").
436:A person with duties related to justice
3382:
1676:. Both times the State Chancellor was
1047:to distinguish him from the bishop's
609:
2239:
2175:President of the Council of Ministers
2087:
1635:'s tenure, and was abolished in 1679.
1272:New York City Department of Education
451:
433:A person in charge of foreign affairs
144:President of the Council of Ministers
3338:* = Direct or indirect reference to
3057:Prizes known as the Nobel of a field
1611:moved the Chancellor's residence to
1055:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
853:, who leads the National Agency for
732:or in Portuguese-speaking Brazil as
3357:
1441:The "Keeper of the Royal Seal" (or
1280:University of the State of New York
1276:District of Columbia Public Schools
1043:) then this officer was called the
953:, who is the political head of the
704:, the equivalents to "chancellor" (
662:) to head the Federal Chancellery (
13:
2216:President of the Executive Council
1332:
1194:Chief Justice of the United States
908:, at 10 Downing Street, in London.
552:Social Democratic Party of Germany
537:constructive vote of no confidence
14:
3406:
976:Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary
860:
841:as the most senior member of the
173:Cabinet collective responsibility
82:President of the council of state
3356:
3347:
3346:
3088:
3081:
3074:
2265:
2056:Jan Eivind Myhre, Edgeir Benum,
2026:Serdab of the Chancellor Meketre
1183:
1090:Some states in the United States
679:
638:Cancelliere della Confederazione
2180:President of the Executive Yuan
2151:(collective head of government)
2063:
2050:
2037:
2019:
2007:
1991:
1975:
1962:
1949:
1930:
1921:
1885:
1869:
1855:
1784:"Hatton, Sir Christopher"
825:. The office was introduced by
569:had the equivalent position of
32:The Chancellor (disambiguation)
1841:
1823:
1807:. 3 March 2009. Archived from
1797:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1741:
1732:
1707:
1525:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1375:Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
1339:Chancellor or Grand Chancellor
951:Secretary of State for Justice
604:
531:konstruktives Misstrauensvotum
1:
1959:, Routledge 1999, p. 131
1747:See German Knowledge article
1701:
1077:Lord Warden of the Stannaries
736:. However, in Spain the term
340:Heads of state and government
3367:Knowledge:WikiProject Awards
2276:Auxiliary science of history
1972:, Routledge 2001, p. 63
1397:, "Chancellor of the Realm")
1284:State University of New York
1122:Other governmental positions
1110:, still maintain a separate
1004:Chancellor of the High Court
935:Chancellor of Great Britain.
726:ministers of foreign affairs
410:(lattice work screens) of a
7:
3174:Fraternities and sororities
2185:President of the government
1684:
1640:Lord Chancellor of Scotland
1210:Chancellor (ecclesiastical)
894:Second Lord of the Treasury
870:Chancellor of the Exchequer
149:President of the government
21:Chancellor (disambiguation)
10:
3411:
2045:Who's Who in Ancient Egypt
2002:Letters from Ancient Egypt
1970:Who's Who in Ancient Egypt
1848:VABARIIGI VALITSUSE SEADUS
1484:Great Officer of the Crown
1260:
1207:
1140:In Estonia, a Chancellor (
1135:
1126:
1063:minister without portfolio
902:First Lord of the Treasury
760:
480:
456:
430:The head of the government
25:
18:
3333:
3248:
3149:
3099:
3072:
3019:
2923:
2867:
2856:
2836:
2728:
2680:
2665:
2631:
2620:
2568:
2398:
2391:
2354:
2320:
2313:
2298:
2273:
2203:
2126:
2122:
1561:and on the same grade as
1420:in the government of the
1393:
1363:
1351:
1049:ecclesiastical chancellor
800:
539:), which consists of the
3390:Chancellors (government)
2031:August 28, 2005, at the
1615:; on 31 August 1314 the
1148:) directs the work of a
947:Archbishop of Canterbury
795:Finnish Council of State
597:FĂĽhrer und Reichskanzler
442:The head of a university
1790:Encyclopædia Britannica
1625:Great Seal of the Realm
1578:Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
1253:Conference Chancellor.
1246:United Methodist Church
1204:Ecclesiastical position
1198:university's chancellor
1190:Smithsonian Institution
1114:with jurisdiction over
878:Great Officers of State
843:Privy Council of Sweden
1955:Toby A. H. Wilkinson,
1903:1983 Code of Canon Law
1516:
1479:
1409:and briefly under the
1320:
1312:
1304:
1263:Chancellor (education)
1167:
1143:
1073:Chancellor of Cornwall
995:Sir Christopher Hatton
848:
836:
812:
780:
772:
669:
659:
655:
651:
637:
633:
629:
596:
572:
543:electing a successor.
530:
520:
517:and is elected by the
508:
492:
468:
447:Governmental positions
404:
398:
393:
1939:, Kenkyusha Limited,
1862:Ă•IGUSKANTSLERI SEADUS
1721:. Reuters. 2021-12-03
1162:Chancellor of Justice
827:Charles XII of Sweden
807:Chancellor of Justice
767:Chancellor of Justice
700:In most countries of
487:Chancellor of Germany
463:Chancellor of Austria
3235:Magical organization
2695:Intellectual freedom
2503:Master of ceremonies
1957:Early Dynastic Egypt
1593:Norges rikes kansler
1589:Chancellor of Norway
1480:Chancelier de France
1472:Chancellor of France
1443:overseer of the seal
1399:was the head of the
1257:Educational position
1057:: in effect, as the
919:Lord High Chancellor
831:Lord High Chancellor
335:National governments
169:Government formation
50:Executive government
3300:Order of precedence
2116:heads of government
2004:, Atlanta, 1990, 92
1988:, Wien 2006, 69 ff.
1835:World Statesmen.org
1591:(modern Norwegian:
1574:Alexander Gorchakov
1488:keeper of the seals
1466:For centuries, the
1154:Permanent Secretary
1045:temporal chancellor
1006:is the head of the
955:Ministry of Justice
900:, next door to the
849:Universitetskansler
610:Swiss Confederation
513:is equivalent to a
42:the Politics series
16:Governmental office
3213:Hereditary society
2430:Royal family order
2160:Minister-president
2075:Welsh Medieval Law
2070:Wade-Evans, Arthur
1609:Haakon V of Norway
1411:Meiji Constitution
1037:Archbishop of York
927:Kingdom of England
886:Kingdom of England
823:Swedish Government
746:diplomatic service
660:Assemblea federale
656:Assemblée fédérale
634:Chancelier fédéral
499:head of government
452:Head of government
293:Semi-parliamentary
129:Minister-president
102:Head of government
3377:
3376:
3343:
3288:Campaign streamer
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3015:
3014:
2850:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2786:
2785:
2616:
2615:
2511:
2510:
2454:
2408:Order of chivalry
2387:
2386:
2380:
2377:Self-styled order
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
1571:foreign ministers
1548:Duchy of Burgundy
1511:Kingdom of Poland
1422:Holy Roman Empire
1270:The heads of the
1250:Annual Conference
1239:Church of England
1235:Consistory courts
1112:Court of Chancery
1081:Duchy of Cornwall
1008:Chancery Division
963:Court of Chancery
929:, and older than
923:King's Chancellor
819:Solicitor General
652:Bundesversammlung
383:
382:
307:Semi-presidential
3402:
3360:
3359:
3350:
3349:
3337:
3315:Awareness ribbon
3310:Devotional medal
3223:Gentlemen's club
3092:
3085:
3078:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2853:
2842:
2796:Religion-related
2678:
2677:
2629:
2628:
2458:
2457:
2443:
2436:
2435:
2396:
2395:
2374:
2322:Founts of honour
2318:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2124:
2123:
2114:Titles used for
2108:
2101:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2047:, Routledge 2001
2041:
2035:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1995:
1989:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1889:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1811:on 13 March 2009
1801:
1795:
1794:
1786:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1711:
1668:and again after
1621:St Mary's Church
1521:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1368:
1367:
1356:
1355:
1323:
1315:
1307:
1233:In England, the
1170:
1146:
939:Northern Ireland
888:. When the term
876:. As one of the
874:finance minister
855:Higher Education
851:
839:
815:
813:Justitiekanslern
783:
781:Justitiekanslern
775:
722:foreign minister
686:Canton of Geneva
667:
649:
642:Federal Assembly
627:
599:
575:
533:
525:
511:
495:
471:
409:
401:
375:
368:
361:
315:
303:
289:
272:
260:
37:
36:
28:Grand Chancellor
3410:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3340:fount of honour
3329:
3320:Code of conduct
3305:Honorary degree
3250:
3244:
3240:Religious order
3196:Learned society
3169:Fraternal order
3151:
3145:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3062:
3011:
2919:
2858:
2846:
2841:
2824:
2782:
2724:
2710:Humanitarianism
2669:
2661:
2657:Law enforcement
2647:List of highest
2635:
2623:
2612:
2564:
2507:
2449:
2442:
2434:
2383:
2350:
2302:
2294:
2269:
2264:
2234:
2225:
2199:
2149:Federal Council
2139:Chief executive
2118:
2112:
2082:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2033:Wayback Machine
2024:
2020:
2012:
2008:
1996:
1992:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1950:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1724:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1687:
1567:General Admiral
1390:
1335:
1333:Historical uses
1265:
1259:
1212:
1206:
1186:
1138:
1129:
1124:
1092:
1017:county palatine
981:Speaker of the
915:Lord Chancellor
863:
803:
765:In Finland the
763:
758:
744:in the Spanish
698:
682:
674:Federal Council
663:
645:
623:
612:
607:
583:Weimar Republic
563:Weimar Republic
503:German politics
501:in Germany. In
483:
459:
454:
449:
379:
349:Politics portal
309:
295:
283:
266:
254:
235:
205:
175:
171:
167:
153:
114:Chief executive
86:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3408:
3398:
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3369:
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3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3179:Secret society
3176:
3171:
3166:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3105:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3025:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2851:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2801:Ecclesiastical
2793:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2675:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2652:Campaign medal
2649:
2643:
2641:
2626:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2545:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2455:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2425:Order of merit
2422:
2421:
2420:
2418:Colonial order
2415:
2413:Military order
2404:
2402:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2372:
2369:
2364:
2362:Ecclesiastical
2358:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2327:
2325:
2315:
2308:
2296:
2295:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2190:Prime minister
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2155:First minister
2152:
2146:
2144:Chief minister
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2081:
2080:
2062:
2049:
2043:Michael Rice,
2036:
2018:
2006:
1998:pLouvre 3230 B
1990:
1974:
1968:Michael Rice,
1961:
1948:
1929:
1920:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1884:
1868:
1854:
1840:
1822:
1796:
1781:, ed. (1911).
1779:Chisholm, Hugh
1770:
1761:
1752:
1740:
1731:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1696:Prime minister
1693:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1662:German-Austria
1658:
1643:
1636:
1597:King of Norway
1581:
1559:Table of Ranks
1555:Russian Empire
1551:
1540:
1507:
1504:Louis Philippe
1470:appointed the
1468:King of France
1464:
1463:
1462:
1439:
1425:
1414:
1378:
1371:imperial China
1334:
1331:
1261:Main article:
1258:
1255:
1224:vicars general
1208:Main article:
1205:
1202:
1185:
1182:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1070:
1061:position of a
1012:
1011:
1000:
999:
998:
983:House of Lords
979:
910:
909:
906:Prime Minister
898:Downing Street
882:Prime Minister
862:
861:United Kingdom
859:
805:In Sweden the
802:
799:
773:Oikeuskansleri
762:
759:
757:
754:
697:
694:
690:canton of Bern
681:
678:
611:
608:
606:
603:
579:German Emperor
515:prime minister
482:
479:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
381:
380:
378:
377:
370:
363:
355:
352:
351:
345:
344:
343:
342:
337:
329:
328:
324:
323:
322:
321:
316:
312:cohabitational
304:
290:
278:
273:
261:
257:Constitutional
246:
245:
239:
238:
237:
236:
234:
233:
228:
223:
217:
209:
208:
207:
206:
204:
203:
198:
192:
182:
181:
180:
179:
157:
156:
155:
154:
152:
151:
146:
141:
139:Prime minister
136:
131:
126:
124:First minister
121:
119:Chief minister
116:
111:
105:
95:
94:
88:
87:
85:
84:
79:
74:
72:Supreme leader
69:
63:
60:
59:
53:
52:
46:
45:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3407:
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3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3355:
3353:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3326:
3325:Code of honor
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:Battle honour
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:Honor society
3206:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:Confraternity
3162:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:organisations
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3007:Shoulder mark
3005:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2934:
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2928:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2885:/Grand Cordon
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2860:(decorations)
2855:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2835:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
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2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
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2764:
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2605:
2602:
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2570:Jurisdictions
2567:
2559:
2556:
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2550:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
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2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:/Grand Cordon
2517:
2514:
2513:
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2501:
2499:
2496:
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2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
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2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
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2390:
2378:
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2368:
2367:Organisations
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2332:
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2306:
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2076:
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2034:
2030:
2027:
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2003:
2000:in E. Wente,
1999:
1994:
1987:
1983:
1982:pBerlin 10035
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1971:
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1958:
1952:
1946:
1945:4-7674-2015-6
1942:
1938:
1933:
1924:
1917:
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1897:
1894:
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1881:
1877:
1872:
1865:(in Estonian)
1863:
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1849:
1844:
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1832:
1826:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1780:
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1749:Staatskanzlei
1744:
1735:
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1689:
1688:
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1579:
1575:
1572:
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1560:
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1460:
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1328:
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1322:
1321:Bundeskanzler
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1719:The Guardian
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3102:and events
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3295:Nobility
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3251:concepts
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