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lightship in United States service was lightvessel 44 built in 1882. One of the last United States wooden hulled lightships built, lightvessel 74, went into service at
Portland, Maine, in 1902. The first United States lightships with steam engine propulsion were built in 1891 for service on the Great Lakes where seasonal ice required prompt evacuation of light stations to avoid destruction of the lightships.
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803:. She was launched six months later and placed in service in September of the same year. Her first assignment was to the Ambrose Shoals off New York City and served at that station until 1967. After brief service as a relief lightship, she was assigned as one of two Nantucket lightships and served at that station until replaced by a buoy on December 20, 1983. She was moored at the Wareham Shipyard in
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the station at which they were presently serving was painted on their sides, to be changed as needed. Lightships held in reserve to serve in place of those in dock for maintenance were labeled "RELIEF". Surviving lightships are commonly taken to be named according to these labels, but for instance the "Lightship
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and had "NEW BEDFORD" painted on her sides (despite the fact there never was a New
Bedford lightship). She was never adequately maintained and her hull decayed due to years of neglect. She remained in New Bedford until she sank at her mooring on May 31, 2006. She was deemed beyond repair and was sold
569:
There are three different and overlapping series of hull numbers. The
Lighthouse Service assigned numbers beginning with "LV-" and starting from 1; however, not all numbers were used. When the Coast Guard took over the lighthouse service, all existing lightships were renumbered with "WAL-" prefixes,
554:
lightships were identified by name, usually that of the station where they served. As they were moved from station to station, however, the keeping of records became hopelessly tangled. Therefore, in 1867 all existing lightships were given numbers by which they would be permanently identified, and
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were constructed of wood, shaped like the small merchant ships of the time, but this proved unsatisfactory for a permanently anchored ship, so the shape of the hull evolved to reduce rolling and pounding. As iron and steel hulls were popularized, they became used in lightvessels, and the advent of
517:
The first United States lightships were small wooden vessels with no propelling power. The first United States iron-hulled lightship was stationed at
Merrill's Shell Bank, Louisiana, in 1847. Wood was still the preferred building material at the time because of lower cost and ability to withstand
457:
was made in 1995, and all vessels except the '20 class' have now been converted. The '20 class' is a slightly larger type of vessel that derives its power from diesel electric generators. Where a main light with a visible range in excess of 20 nautical miles (37 km) is required, a '20 class'
443:, the public authority charged with establishing and maintaining lighthouses in England and Wales, crowded out the private light vessels. Trinity House is now responsible for all the remaining lightvessels England and Wales, of which there are currently eight unmanned lightvessels and two smaller
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stations for more than 80 years; she had both an inner hull and an outer hull with the space between filled with salt to harden the wood and reduce decay. Several lightships built with composite wood and steel hulls in 1897 proved less durable than either wood or steel. The first modern steel
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was labeled "NEW BEDFORD", though there has never been such a station. In an attempt to sort out the early lightships, they were assigned one or two letter designations sometime around 1930; these identifications do not appear in early records, and they are to some degree uncertain.
201:
In the early 20th century, some lightships were fitted with warning bells mounted on their structure or lowered into the water, to warn of danger in poor visibility and to permit a crude estimation of the lightship's location relative to the approaching vessel. Tests conducted by
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Much of the ship was taken up by storage for lamp oil and other supplies, as well as crew accommodations. The crew's primary duty was to maintain the light; other tasks included keeping records of passing ships, observing the weather, and occasionally performing rescues.
570:
beginning with "WAL-501". In 1965 they were renumbered again, this time with "WLV-"; however in this case the numbers given were not sequential. Given that only six vessels were constructed after the Coast Guard takeover, the "LV-" series numbers are most commonly used.
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at the tops of masts, which were the first objects seen from an approaching ship. These markers were primarily red and occasionally white, and their designs designs varied. Filled circles or globes, as well as pairs of inverted cones were the most common among them.
331:
For visibility purposes, most later lightships had bright red hulls that displayed the name of the station in white, upper-case letters; relief light vessels displayed the word RELIEF instead. Some vessels had hulls coloured for specific purposes. For example, the
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upon which to mount the light. Initially, these lights consisted of oil lamps that were run up the mast and could be lowered for servicing, while later vessels carried fixed lamps which were serviced in place. As they became available,
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found that sound from a bell submerged some 18 feet (5.5 m) could be heard at a distance of 15 miles (24 km), with a practical range in operational conditions of one to three miles (1.6 to 4.8 km).
2362:
1499:"THE SUBMARINE BELL RIVALS JULES VERNE; Deep Under Water, It Sends Warnings in Fog and Storm. A TEST OF THE INVENTION Through the Signal's Receiver the Throb of an Unseen Steamship's Screw Could Be Heard"
1301:, influential English historian, in 1884 famously used the metaphor of lightships cut from their moorings and freely adrift to describe the thrilling uncertainty of industrial and cultural revolution.
130:, England, and placed there by its inventor Robert Hamblin in 1734. Lightships have since become largely obsolete; some being replaced by lighthouses as construction techniques advanced, others by
1202:
Because lightvessels must remain anchored in specific positions for the majority of their time at sea, they are more at risk of damage or destruction. Many lightships have been lost in hurricanes.
186:
were used, and many vessels housed them in smaller versions of lighthouse lanterns. Some lightships had two masts, with the second housing a reserve beacon, in case of the main light's failure.
498:, which absorbed it in 1939. From 1820 until 1983, there were 179 lightships built for the U.S. government, and they were assigned to 116 separate light stations on four coasts (including the
3230:
619:. She served at all five Pacific Coast lightship stations (Blunts Reef and San Francisco, California; and the Columbia River entrance, Umatilla Reef, and Swiftsure Bank, Washington).
654:
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steam and diesel power led to self-propelled and electrically lit designs. Earlier vessels had no propulsion systems and had to be towed to and from their positions.
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shock loading. Wooden lightships often survived more than 50 years in northern waters where the danger of rotting was reduced. Lightvessel 16 guarded Sandy Hook and
3321:
695:
The lightship Winter
Quarter (LV-107) is moored at Liberty Landing Marina in Jersey City, New Jersey. She serves as the office building for a sailing school.
650:
912:
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was painted black since she was assigned the black buoy side of the entrance to the Lake Huron Cut. From 1854 until 1860, the lightvessel that operated at
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As well as the light, which operated both at night and in fog from one hour before sunset to one hour after sunrise, early lightvessels were equipped with
235:, which are still in use on many contemporary vessels, though these anchors are prone to dragging, making their performance unsatisfactory in rough seas.
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1040:
862:
561:" actually served at two other stations as well as being used for examinations, and last served at the Delaware Light Station. In another case, the
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1983:
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construction. Although some records exist of fire beacons being placed on ships in Roman times, the first modern lightvessel was located off the
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2435:
792:
3197:
1242:
681:
780:. She operates as a floating hotel and events venue. Built in 1950 and operated at various stations from 1951 to 1983, she was designated
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773:
721:
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638:
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417:. This was a private venture that operated profitably and without the need for government enforcement of payment for lighting services.
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2752:
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1100:
1033:. In the early 1900s there were about ten lightships in the Russian sector of the Baltics. Among these the following may be mentioned:
747:
736:
699:
242:, named for their shape, which typically weigh 3-4 tons. The first lightvessel equipped with one was a converted fishing boat, renamed
2363:"A Critical Sudy of the Literary Works of J. A. Froude with Special Reference to the Novels, the Essays, and the Biography of Carlyle"
1750:
3192:
2781:
608:
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in 1820, and the total number around the coast peaked in 1909 with 56 locations marked. Of those ships, 168 were constructed by the
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Hull numbers: 19, 22, 23 and 25 (the 20 class); 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 17 (solar lightvessels); and LF2 and LF3 (solar lightfloats).
458:
vessel is used, as the main light from a
Trinity House solar lightvessel has a maximum range of 19 nautical miles (35 km).
2731:
2581:
2529:
1732:
669:
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In the 1930s, "crewless lightships" were proposed as a way to operate a light vessel for six to twelve months without a crew.
2890:
2549:
364:
1927:
799:. She was the last lightship built in the United States and was laid down on February 4, 1952, at the Coast Guard Yard in
542: – both of which are cheaper to operate than lightvessels. In fact, lighthouses often replaced lightships.
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era. It was the next-to-last
Russian lightship. Having been located in the Baltic in the 1980s, it was briefly renamed
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2419:
1541:
1407:
1117:
2550:
Information on the Huron
Lightship from the Port Huron Museum (including hours and a virtual tour of the Lightship.)
2163:
1276:
491:
2504:
1372:
2539:
1830:
Sellman, John J. Martin Reef: Lightship to
Lighthouse. Cedarville, MI: Les Cheneaux Historical Association, 1995.
1376:
2613:
1780:
1585:
751:
597:
1211:
Lightship No. 84 (135 feet (41 m) long, weighing 683 tons), lies sunk since 1997 in a shallow section of
1162:, an unmanned lightvessel (effectively a floating lighthouse) built during 1916â17 in Sydney, operated in the
1025:, lightships have been documented since the mid 19th century. The lightvessel service was subordinated to the
1855:
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as a museum. The smallest surviving lightship, she is now a museum and a representative of the 96 foot class.
73:
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3220:
3187:
2710:
34:
962:
3171:
3161:
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1026:
995:
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There are currently three identical unmanned German lightvessels in service, named FS1, FS3 and FS4. The
725:
627:
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Holding the vessel in position was an important aspect of lightvessel engineering. Early lightships used
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1991:
1600:
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1068:
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777:
379:
17:
3146:
2883:
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Lightship No. 61 "Corsica Shoals" was destroyed in the same storm on Lake Huron as
Lightship 82. See
1234:
527:
495:
344:, had a light yellow hull, to increase contrast between the blue-green seas and the hills behind it.
1805:
1398:. A Richard Jackson Book: Atheneum Books for Young Readers. Simon & Schuster Children's Books A
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535:
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2255:
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2063:
1366:
714:
631:
3151:
1143:
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2910:
2724:
1577:
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1533:
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646:
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1127:, of the same class as Irbensky. Until 1997 she was marking the deepwater channel leading to
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56:
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224:
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Candela, Rosolino A. and Vincent J. Geloso (September 2018) "The lightship in economics",
758:. The first lightship on the Pacific Coast, she marked the entrance to the Columbia River.
550:
The naming and numbering of American lightships is often confusing. Up to and through the
8:
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2958:
2847:
2623:
2395:
1163:
766:
729:
616:
3024:
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1391:
1308:
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593:
551:
273:
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684:âwas placed at Waugoshance Shoal. After 1940, the Huron was the last lightship on the
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The official use of lightships in the United States ended on March 29, 1985, when the
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1403:
1272:
1230:
1157:
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190:
2138:
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1380:
584:
It is estimated that there are 15 United States lightships left today. Among them:
2534:
1839:
1663:
White, Richard D., Jr., LT USCG "Destination Nowhere - Twilight of the Lightship"
743:. She has been painted for the "OVERFALLS" station, though she never served there.
253:, Scotland with an anchor weighing 1.5 tons. The introduction of cast iron anchor
2963:
2953:
2774:
2484:
2444:
Light in the darkness - a history of lightships and the people who served on them
2311:
1607:
1280:
1249:
1212:
1182:
1076:
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740:
658:
519:
333:
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David Avery and Robert Hamblin in 1731 placed the earliest British lightship at
3000:
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1935:
1338:
1048:
966:
487:
316:
232:
178:
3064:
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1279:, served as an active lightship from 1930 to 1971. Her last assignment was at
661:, before being sold to the museum. Today LV-101 is dry docked and lettered as
394:
257:
in the 1820s improved their effectiveness dramatically in the 1820s, with the
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2477:
1611:
1350:
1345:
1056:
998:
928:
914:
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until 1983. She was the last American lightship to be decommissioned in 1985.
440:
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341:
296:
258:
215:
203:
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homing in on its radio beacon, with a loss of seven out of a crew of eleven.
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337:
183:
123:
52:
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269:
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1395:
1263:
1186:
1171:
1132:
685:
677:
673:
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444:
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151:
80:
was the world's largest manned lightship, the last lightship at position
63:
41:
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2088:
239:
111:. They are used in waters that are too deep or otherwise unsuitable for
30:
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was launched in 1927 and served for 48 years. It is now preserved as a
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975:
842:
539:
510:
425:
387:
112:
108:
816:
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1226:
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645:. LV-101 was built in 1915 by Pusey & Jones. She first served at
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281:
166:
155:
45:
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2038:
2013:
1043: – later moved to the Petrovsky Channel and renamed,
1001:
and can be seen in the harbour of Wilhelmshaven during maintenance.
249:
meaning lighthouse, which entered service on 15 September 1807 near
67:
3005:
2494:
410:
250:
161:
119:
1840:
Wagner, John L., Chronology of Michigan lightship and lighthouses
3069:
2995:
2525:"Aboard Lightship Five-Fathoms", December 1931, Popular Mechanics
2396:"U. S. Coast Guard Aids to Navigation: A Historical Bibliography"
1084:
1063:. Other Baltic lightships were located further to the West, with
971:
421:
402:
309:
170:
2530:
Ambrose lightship at New York City's South Street Seaport Museum
1639:
3094:
2717:
2559:
1573:
Heart of Oak: A Survey of British Sea Power in the Georgian Era
1483:
Bowen, J. P. (1946). "Lighthouses". In Pendred, Loughan (ed.).
1022:
429:
244:
223:(LV-101) shows its mushroom anchor. It can be seen at downtown
127:
2868:
2326:. United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from
2324:"Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Michigan"
1009:
2799:
2535:
U. S. Coast Guard's "Lightships of the U. S. Government" site
965:
with a cycle period of 8s at 12m elevation and a range of 17
254:
131:
88:
1365:, a 1963 West German film adapted from the Lenz novel, with
261:
being 6 feet (1.8 m) of chain for every foot of water.
2519:
2390:, (Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945).
1957:
116:
104:
82:
2545:
Huron Lightship page from Terry Pepper's Seeing the Light.
1844:, Clarke Historical Library, Central, Michigan University.
1174:. After her career ended in 1985, she was donated to the
177:
The most important element of lightship design is a tall
2256:"U.S. Coast Guard Historical Bibliography on Lightships"
1902:
1215:
and its two masts are still visible above the surface.
830:
784:
in 1979 and rotated at the Nantucket station with the
486:
The first United States lightship was established at
2540:
HNSA Ship Page: Lightship Overfalls, Lewes, Delaware
1487:(52 ed.). London: Morgan Brothers. p. 656.
3226:
International Association of Lighthouse Authorities
1735:. Lighthousefriends.com. 2010-05-23. Archived from
1640:"Maritime Heritage Program - National Park Service"
238:Since the early 19th century, lightships have used
1525:
2243:Carpentaria, An Unmanned Lightship - ANMM Website
1323:, a 1940 British propaganda film produced during
688:. She was decommissioned in 1970 and grounded at
672:is one of many that have plied the waters of the
3303:
1349:, a 1985 film adapted from the Lenz novel, with
1029:and most of the lightships under it were in the
856:in German. Two of them are normally located at:
657:. After being decommissioned, she was stored in
573:
2404:Lighthouses and Lightships of the United States
2398:. United States Coast Guard Historian's Office.
3236:International Lighthouse and Lightship Weekend
1448:
1446:
957:Both positions have the same characteristics:
3322:Ships of the United States Lighthouse Service
2884:
2575:
1703:
1701:
1255:LV-6 and LV-73 were both lost with all hands.
1243:List of victims of the 1913 Great Lakes storm
227:, and is a part of the Naval Shipyard Museum.
2409:
1675:
1673:
1283:. In 1975, she was purchased by the city of
1123:The last Russian lightvessel in service was
1681:"Clarke Home - Central Michigan University"
1657:
1624:"Crewless Lightship Is New Flying Dutchman"
1594:
1443:
48:. The day markers can be seen on the masts.
2891:
2877:
2582:
2568:
2434:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1698:
1131:harbour while it was doing service in the
641:is moored at the naval shipyard museum in
513:, New Jersey, as it appeared in the 1890s.
1670:
1665:United States Naval Institute Proceedings
2410:Wright, Larry; Wright, Patricia (2011).
1856:"Michigan Government on Huron Lightship"
1239:Shipwrecks of the 1913 Great Lakes storm
1142:
1008:
829:
815:
504:
468:
393:
368:
315:
295:
268:
214:
160:
141:
72:
51:
29:
2406:, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1933).
1523:
580:List of lightships of the United States
545:
530:decommissioned its last such ship, the
386:. The ship has since been moved to the
14:
3304:
2301:Vogel, Michael N. and Paul F. Redding
2114:"OpenSeaMap - The free nautical chart"
2064:"OpenSeaMap - The free nautical chart"
1733:"Lightship New Bedford LV 114/WAL 536"
1569:
1333:a translation of the 1960 short story
464:
347:
2872:
2563:
2520:Lightship Frying Pan in New York City
1883:. United States Lightship Museum, Inc
1528:Seven Wonders of the Industrial World
1482:
1452:
1047:in the middle of the main channel to
1004:
676:. In 1832 the first Lightship on the
534:. Many lightships were replaced with
365:List of lightvessels of Great Britain
358:
3266:
3198:Lighthouses by century of completion
2853:
1576:. Oxford University Press. pp.
994:All three ships are operated by the
811:
453:The first lightvessel conversion to
3286:
2495:Lightship Service in Russian Waters
2305:, Buffalo History, Lightship LV 82.
1751:"1904 Lightship: No. 83, Swiftsure"
1560:, Vol. 176, Issue 3â4, pp. 479â506.
1176:Australian National Maritime Museum
765:is moored at Jack London Square in
27:Ship that functions as a lighthouse
24:
2380:
1292:
1197:
1151:at wharf close to the ANMM, Sydney
1138:
165:Some lightships, like this one in
25:
3333:
3203:Lighthouses by year of completion
2457:
2393:
1485:The Engineer's Year-Book for 1946
1375:: A fictional lightship from the
1277:Albina Engine & Machine Works
1118:Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
1098:Another well-known lightship was
304:Lightship showing a large foghorn
3285:
3275:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3231:Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society
3193:Lighthouses by heritage register
3023:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2632:
2589:
2510:Stevenson's Bell Rock lighthouse
2342:"LV-6 history, U.S. Coast Guard"
1237:with the loss of six lives. See
1083:over the treacherous shoals off
793:lightship Nantucket II (WLV-613)
492:United States Lighthouse Service
420:Further vessels were placed off
132:large automated navigation buoys
2898:
2555:Storbrotten lightship, YouTube.
2355:
2334:
2316:
2294:
2269:
2248:
2236:
2211:
2186:
2156:
2131:
2106:
2081:
2056:
2031:
2006:
1976:
1950:
1920:
1895:
1869:
1848:
1833:
1824:
1798:
1773:
1743:
1725:
1262:was rammed and sunk in 1934 by
949:German Bight Western Approach (
774:lightship Nantucket I (WLV-612)
655:Stonehorse Shoal, Massachusetts
137:
2614:Five Fathom Bank light station
2464:1926 Christmas on a lightship.
1988:Columbia River Maritime Museum
1958:"Lightship Overfalls (LV-118)"
1812:. City of Portsmouth, Virginia
1632:
1617:
1563:
1550:
1517:
1491:
1476:
752:Columbia River Maritime Museum
598:lightship for Five Fathom Bank
276:(originally British lightship
13:
1:
2412:Lightships of the Great Lakes
2164:"ĐНавŃŃиК ПаŃĐş "Nekmangrund""
1436:
996:Waterways and Shipping Office
722:lightship Chesapeake (LV-116)
711:lightship Frying Pan (LV-115)
639:lightship Portsmouth (LV-101)
574:Surviving American lightships
264:
87:In the picture on a visit to
3221:General lighthouse authority
2478:Information about lightships
1962:Lightship Overfalls (LV-118)
1877:"Nantucket Lightship/LV-112"
1842:Beacons Shining in the Night
1456:A History of U.S. Lightships
1377:children's television series
1087:Island's NW shore, known as
748:lightship Columbia (WLV-604)
737:lightship Overfalls (LV-118)
700:lightship Nantucket (LV-112)
665:, having never served there.
390:museum, also in Southampton.
378:lightship on display at the
7:
2916:Conservation of lighthouses
2386:United States Coast Guard,
1932:Historic Ships in Baltimore
1810:Lightship Portsmouth Museum
1785:South Street Seaport Museum
1414:
1394:children's picture book by
1027:Russian Hydrographic Office
807:from about 1990 until 2014.
726:Historic Ships in Baltimore
628:South Street Seaport Museum
609:lightship Swiftsure (LV-83)
10:
3338:
2490:Trinity House lightvessels
2039:"Feuerschiff German Bight"
1881:Nantucket Lightship/LV-112
1532:. Fourth Estate. pp.
1285:New Bedford, Massachusetts
1260:Nantucket Lightship LV-117
797:New Bedford, Massachusetts
778:New Bedford, Massachusetts
763:lightship Relief (WLV-605)
590:lightship Barnegat (LV-79)
577:
481:
362:
351:
210:
169:, were also equipped with
3251:
3211:
3180:
3134:
3103:
3032:
3021:
2988:
2936:
2929:
2906:
2838:
2792:
2667:
2641:
2630:
2606:
2597:
2219:"Astrakhanskiy lightship"
1713:United States Coast Guard
1524:Cadbury, Deborah (2003).
1464:United States Coast Guard
1235:Great Lakes Storm of 1913
1178:in 1987 for preservation.
1156:The Australian lightship
624:lightship Ambrose (LV-87)
528:United States Coast Guard
496:United States Coast Guard
146:Former Belgian lightship
2414:. Ontario. p. 146.
1513:– via NYTimes.com.
713:is moored at Pier 66 in
670:lightship Huron (LV-103)
540:large navigational buoys
320:United States lightship
78:Bßrgermeister O´Swald II
2277:"40.672184, -74.016706"
1709:"Early U.S. Lightships"
1453:Flint, Willard (1993).
1367:James Robertson Justice
1075:at the entrance of the
1055:on Londonsky Shoal off
903:in charts and notices,
715:New York City, New York
632:New York City, New York
292:serving as a restaurant
3050:Automatic lamp changer
2911:History of lighthouses
2139:"Lightships in Russia"
1964:. Overfalls Foundation
1903:"Lightship Frying Pan"
1806:"Lightship Portsmouth"
1168:Sandy Cape, Queensland
1152:
1125:Astrakhansky-priyomniy
1018:
838:
827:
805:Wareham, Massachusetts
647:Cape Charles, Virginia
514:
478:
413:near the mouth of the
406:
391:
328:
305:
293:
228:
174:
158:
92:
70:
49:
2500:Lightship day markers
2245:(accessed 2017-01-10)
2014:"Nantucket Lightship"
1570:Marcus, G.J. (1975).
1426:Lists of lightvessels
1355:Klaus Maria Brandauer
1146:
1012:
833:
819:
704:Boston, Massachusetts
508:
472:
401:following a refit at
399:Breaksea Light Vessel
397:
372:
354:Lists of lightvessels
319:
299:
272:
218:
189:Initially, lightship
164:
145:
76:
55:
33:
3090:Light characteristic
2989:Navigational purpose
2816:Men of the Lightship
2600:List of lightvessels
2194:"Irbensky Lightship"
1984:"Lightship Columbia"
1907:Lightship Frying Pan
1421:Lists of lighthouses
1400:Junior Library Guild
1320:Men of the Lightship
1275:(WAL-536), built by
1252:for further details.
1071:(Koivisto) harbour,
981:and 30s cycle period
801:Curtis Bay, Maryland
690:Port Huron, Michigan
643:Portsmouth, Virginia
602:Barnegat, New Jersey
546:Naming and numbering
432:in 1788, and at the
225:Portsmouth, Virginia
122:at the mouth of the
3188:Lighthouse builders
2624:Lightship Nantucket
2515:Buffalo Harbor LV82
2446:. (Amberley, 2016)
2402:Putnam, George R.,
2018:Nantucket Lightship
1781:"Lightship Ambrose"
1667:March 1976 pp.67-68
1614:, accessed 02-09-08
1164:Gulf of Carpentaria
1112:while serving near
1059:on the approach to
924: /
874: /
767:Oakland, California
730:Baltimore, Maryland
651:Overfalls, Delaware
617:Seattle, Washington
465:American lightships
348:Lightvessel service
2483:2007-06-05 at the
2388:Aids to Navigation
2310:2012-05-28 at the
2118:map.openseamap.org
2068:map.openseamap.org
1928:"LV116 Chesapeake"
1606:2008-08-28 at the
1601:Aids to Navigation
1503:The New York Times
1153:
1019:
1005:Russian lightships
929:54.1650°N 6.3450°E
879:54.1800°N 7.4583°E
839:
828:
594:Camden, New Jersey
515:
479:
407:
392:
359:British lightships
329:
306:
294:
229:
175:
159:
93:
71:
50:
3317:Navigational aids
3299:
3298:
3242:Lighthouse Digest
3055:Bird-cage lantern
3019:
3018:
2866:
2865:
2619:Lightship Ambrose
2505:Lightship anchors
2174:on 8 October 2016
1755:Northwest Seaport
1627:Popular Mechanics
1431:Lighthouse tender
1273:Lightship No. 114
1189:and is moored at
1039:, located on the
812:German lightships
750:is moored at the
626:is moored at the
613:Northwest Seaport
509:Lightship #51 at
16:(Redirected from
3329:
3289:
3288:
3279:
3269:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3027:
2934:
2933:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2870:
2869:
2856:
2855:
2846:
2845:
2636:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2561:
2560:
2473:, youtube video.
2439:
2433:
2425:
2399:
2394:Price, Scott T.
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2320:
2314:
2303:Maritime Buffalo
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2223:www.plavmayak.ru
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2198:www.plavmayak.ru
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2170:. Archived from
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2143:www.plavmayak.ru
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2093:www.baken-net.de
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2043:www.baken-net.de
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1994:on 17 April 2016
1990:. Archived from
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1934:. Archived from
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1852:
1846:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1757:. Archived from
1747:
1741:
1740:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
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1567:
1561:
1554:
1548:
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1531:
1521:
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1514:
1512:
1510:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1461:
1450:
1373:Lillie Lightship
987:with morse code
948:
947:
945:
944:
943:
941:
936:
935:
930:
925:
922:
921:
920:
917:
898:
897:
895:
894:
893:
891:
886:
885:
880:
875:
872:
871:
870:
867:
837:in Wilhelmshaven
240:mushroom anchors
21:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3247:
3213:
3207:
3176:
3130:
3099:
3028:
3015:
2984:
2925:
2902:
2897:
2867:
2862:
2834:
2788:
2663:
2637:
2628:
2602:
2593:
2588:
2485:Wayback Machine
2460:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2383:
2381:Further reading
2378:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2312:Wayback Machine
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2270:
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2237:
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2217:
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2212:
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2200:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2132:
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2120:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2087:
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2072:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1870:
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1854:
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1849:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
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1774:
1764:
1762:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1679:
1678:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1629:, December 1932
1622:
1618:
1608:Wayback Machine
1599:
1595:
1588:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1417:
1335:Das Feuerschiff
1295:
1293:Popular culture
1281:Portland, Maine
1250:Huron Lightship
1213:New York Harbor
1200:
1198:Lost lightships
1183:Spurn Lightship
1147:Lightship CLS4
1141:
1139:Other countries
1077:Gulf of Finland
1041:Yelagin Channel
1007:
939:
937:
934:54.1650; 6.3450
933:
931:
927:
926:
923:
918:
915:
913:
911:
910:
889:
887:
884:54.1800; 7.4583
883:
881:
877:
876:
873:
868:
865:
863:
861:
860:
814:
756:Astoria, Oregon
741:Lewes, Delaware
659:Portland, Maine
649:, then Relief,
582:
576:
548:
494:and six by the
484:
467:
367:
361:
356:
350:
334:Huron Lightship
280:) is docked in
267:
213:
140:
107:that acts as a
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3335:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3273:
3263:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3001:Leading lights
2998:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2976:
2974:Skeletal tower
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
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2896:
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2888:
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2873:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2850:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2824:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2742:
2739:Lightship 2000
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2654:United Kingdom
2651:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2631:
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2621:
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2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2475:
2469:Floca, Brian,
2466:
2459:
2458:External links
2456:
2455:
2454:
2440:
2420:
2407:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2354:
2333:
2330:on 2017-05-01.
2315:
2293:
2268:
2247:
2235:
2210:
2185:
2155:
2130:
2105:
2080:
2055:
2030:
2005:
1975:
1949:
1938:on 21 May 2016
1919:
1894:
1868:
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1832:
1823:
1797:
1772:
1761:on 20 May 2016
1742:
1739:on 2012-10-04.
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1385:
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1358:
1342:
1339:Siegfried Lenz
1331:The Lightship,
1328:
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1256:
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1216:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1179:
1140:
1137:
1049:St. Petersburg
1006:
1003:
992:
991:
982:
969:
967:nautical miles
963:isophase light
955:
954:
908:
899:German Bight (
852:, which means
813:
810:
809:
808:
789:
770:
759:
744:
733:
718:
707:
696:
693:
666:
635:
620:
605:
596:. She was the
575:
572:
547:
544:
488:Chesapeake Bay
483:
480:
466:
463:
363:Main article:
360:
357:
352:Main article:
349:
346:
266:
263:
212:
209:
184:Fresnel lenses
148:West-Hinder II
139:
136:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3216:
3214:organizations
3210:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3172:South America
3170:
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3165:
3163:
3162:North America
3160:
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2825:
2823:
2822:Trinity House
2820:
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2659:United States
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2462:
2461:
2453:
2452:9781445646589
2449:
2445:
2442:Clark, Liam.
2441:
2437:
2431:
2423:
2421:9780987815101
2417:
2413:
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2109:
2094:
2090:
2084:
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2059:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2019:
2015:
2009:
1993:
1989:
1985:
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1963:
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1937:
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1686:
1685:www.cmich.edu
1682:
1676:
1674:
1666:
1660:
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1641:
1635:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1612:Trinity House
1609:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1589:
1583:
1579:
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1574:
1566:
1559:
1558:Public Choice
1553:
1545:
1543:9780007163045
1539:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1520:
1505:. 7 June 1906
1504:
1500:
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1348:
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3121:Pharologists
3080:Lens lantern
3075:Fresnel lens
3011:Sector light
2937:Construction
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2591:Lightvessels
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2366:. Retrieved
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2345:. Retrieved
2336:
2328:the original
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1325:World War II
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1313:Archie Binns
1304:
1299:J. A. Froude
1265:
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1181:The British
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1116:port in the
1110:Ventspilssky
1109:
1106:Soviet Union
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1065:Werkommatala
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825:German Bight
824:
823:at position
820:
786:Nantucket II
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781:
662:
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568:
562:
556:
549:
536:Texas Towers
531:
525:
516:
485:
474:
460:
452:
449:
445:light floats
438:
424:in 1736, at
419:
415:River Thames
408:
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375:Calshot Spit
373:
338:Minots Ledge
330:
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138:Construction
124:River Thames
100:
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77:
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36:
3291:WikiProject
3104:Maintenance
3065:DalĂŠn light
3060:Carcel lamp
3045:Argand lamp
2900:Lighthouses
2805:Light float
2712:Finngrundet
2691:Carpentaria
2347:21 February
2286:21 February
2281:Google Maps
2261:21 February
2228:21 February
2203:21 February
2178:21 February
2148:21 February
2123:21 February
2098:21 February
2073:21 February
2048:21 February
1861:21 February
1690:21 February
1649:21 February
1644:www.nps.gov
1509:21 February
1402:Selection.
1396:Brian Floca
1187:museum ship
1172:Bass Strait
1159:Carpentaria
1149:Carpentaria
1133:Caspian Sea
1081:Nekmangrund
1073:Lyserortsky
1015:Nekmangrund
932: /
907:on vessels)
882: /
854:lightvessel
850:Feuerschiff
782:Nantucket I
686:Great Lakes
682:Lois McLain
678:Great Lakes
674:Great Lakes
532:Nantucket I
500:Great Lakes
455:solar power
439:Over time,
384:Southampton
310:day markers
286:Netherlands
152:museum ship
97:lightvessel
64:museum ship
58:Fehmarnbelt
42:museum ship
37:Finngrundet
3312:Lightships
3306:Categories
3281:Wiktionary
3181:Categories
3147:Antarctica
3116:Light dues
3085:Lewis lamp
3040:Aerobeacon
2969:Screw-pile
2810:Lighthouse
2761:Portsmouth
2726:Gedser Rev
2698:Chesapeake
2368:4 February
1718:2008-07-16
1587:0192158120
1469:2008-07-18
1437:References
1309:1934 novel
1305:Lightship,
1288:for scrap.
1218:Lightship
1089:Hiiu Madal
1037:Yelaginsky
1031:Baltic Sea
1013:Lightship
976:morse code
938: (
919:006°20.7â˛E
888: (
869:007°27.5â˛E
843:initialism
663:Portsmouth
578:See also:
558:Chesapeake
511:Sandy Hook
473:Lightship
426:Owers Bank
388:Solent Sky
302:North Carr
265:Appearance
221:Portsmouth
219:Lightship
113:lighthouse
109:lighthouse
35:Lightship
18:Light ship
3135:Locations
2783:Swiftsure
2754:Overfalls
2746:Nantucket
2741:(Helwick)
2471:Lightship
2430:cite book
2168:diving.ee
1388:Lightship
1227:Lake Erie
1129:Astrakhan
1114:Ventspils
1061:Kronstadt
1053:Londonsky
916:54°09.9â˛N
866:54°10.8â˛N
552:Civil War
475:Columbia,
436:in 1793.
282:Rotterdam
167:Amsterdam
156:Zeebrugge
101:lightship
60:Lightship
46:Stockholm
3261:Category
3033:Fixtures
3006:Sea mark
2981:(acting)
2959:Integral
2848:Category
2705:Columbia
2684:Barnegat
2607:Stations
2481:Archived
2308:Archived
1604:Archived
1415:See also
1101:Irbensky
1093:Estonian
1069:Primorsk
411:The Nore
405:in 1978.
382:marina,
251:Inchcape
171:foghorns
150:, now a
120:sandbank
62:, now a
40:, now a
3271:Commons
3167:Oceania
3111:Keepers
3070:Foghorn
2996:Daymark
2949:Caisson
2921:Museums
2858:Commons
2793:Related
2676:Ambrose
2668:Museums
2649:Ireland
1266:Olympic
1231:Buffalo
1222:Buffalo
1193:marina.
1104:of the
1085:Hiiumaa
972:foghorn
520:Ambrose
482:History
477:WLV-604
422:Norfolk
403:Swansea
211:Mooring
103:, is a
3212:Global
3157:Europe
3142:Africa
3126:Tender
3095:VRB-25
2979:Vessel
2944:Aerial
2828:Relief
2771:(1950)
2768:Relief
2749:(1936)
2719:Fladen
2679:(1907)
2450:
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1584:
1540:
1406:
1220:LV-82
1166:, off
1079:, and
1051:, and
1045:Nevsky
1023:Russia
1017:(1898)
961:white
951:GW/EMS
940:GW/EMS
653:, and
563:LV-114
430:Sussex
255:chains
245:Pharos
128:London
68:LĂźbeck
2930:Types
2800:Lanby
2776:Spurn
2733:Huron
2642:Lists
2023:7 May
1998:7 May
1968:7 May
1942:7 May
1912:7 May
1887:7 May
1816:7 May
1790:7 May
1765:7 May
1578:53â54
1460:(PDF)
1229:near
974:with
680:âthe
325:circa
322:Huron
288:, as
274:LV-11
191:hulls
99:, or
89:Ystad
3152:Asia
2964:Pile
2954:Crib
2448:ISBN
2436:link
2416:ISBN
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2349:2019
2288:2019
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2125:2019
2100:2019
2075:2019
2050:2019
2025:2016
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1914:2016
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1767:2016
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1651:2019
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1390:, a
1381:TUGS
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1264:RMS
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