Data compression - Knowledge

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decompressor to shift, rotate, lighten, or darken the copy. This longer command still remains much shorter than data generated by intra-frame compression. Usually, the encoder will also transmit a residue signal which describes the remaining more subtle differences to the reference imagery. Using entropy coding, these residue signals have a more compact representation than the full signal. In areas of video with more motion, the compression must encode more data to keep up with the larger number of pixels that are changing. Commonly during explosions, flames, flocks of animals, and in some panning shots, the high-frequency detail leads to quality decreases or to increases in the

945: 1471: 5908: 5898: 445:, and compression-based similarity measures compute similarity within these feature spaces. For each compressor C(.) we define an associated vector space ℵ, such that C(.) maps an input string x, corresponding to the vector norm ||~x||. An exhaustive examination of the feature spaces underlying all compression algorithms is precluded by space; instead, feature vectors chooses to examine three representative lossless compression methods, LZW, LZ77, and PPM. 1128: 550: 534: 1717:

heterogeneity of the dataset by sorting SNPs by their minor allele frequency, thus homogenizing the dataset. Other algorithms developed in 2009 and 2013 (DNAZip and GenomeZip) have compression ratios of up to 1200-fold—allowing 6 billion basepair diploid human genomes to be stored in 2.5 megabytes (relative to a reference genome or averaged over many genomes). For a benchmark in genetics/genomics data compressors, see

936:, it is desirable to work from an unchanged original (uncompressed or losslessly compressed). Processing of a lossily compressed file for some purpose usually produces a final result inferior to the creation of the same compressed file from an uncompressed original. In addition to sound editing or mixing, lossless audio compression is often used for archival storage, or as master copies. 1081:

simply reduces the number of bits used to quantize the signal). Time domain algorithms such as LPC also often have low latencies, hence their popularity in speech coding for telephony. In algorithms such as MP3, however, a large number of samples have to be analyzed to implement a psychoacoustic model in the frequency domain, and latency is on the order of 23 ms.

1077:, of the data to optimize efficiency, and then code it in a manner that requires a larger segment of data at one time to decode. The inherent latency of the coding algorithm can be critical; for example, when there is a two-way transmission of data, such as with a telephone conversation, significant delays may seriously degrade the perceived quality. 217:

distinct representations that use an integer number of bits, and it clears out the internal memory only after encoding the entire string of data symbols. Arithmetic coding applies especially well to adaptive data compression tasks where the statistics vary and are context-dependent, as it can be easily coupled with an adaptive model of the

137:, so that the process is reversible. Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data exhibits statistical redundancy. For example, an image may have areas of color that do not change over several pixels; instead of coding "red pixel, red pixel, ..." the data may be encoded as "279 red pixels". This is a basic example of 1063:(LPC) used with speech, are source-based coders. LPC uses a model of the human vocal tract to analyze speech sounds and infer the parameters used by the model to produce them moment to moment. These changing parameters are transmitted or stored and used to drive another model in the decoder which reproduces the sound. 976:. Most lossy compression reduces redundancy by first identifying perceptually irrelevant sounds, that is, sounds that are very hard to hear. Typical examples include high frequencies or sounds that occur at the same time as louder sounds. Those irrelevant sounds are coded with decreased accuracy or not at all. 1518:

In an additional in-loop filtering stage various filters can be applied to the reconstructed image signal. By computing these filters also inside the encoding loop they can help compression because they can be applied to reference material before it gets used in the prediction process and they can be

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that reduce aspects of the source data that are (more or less) irrelevant to the human visual perception by exploiting perceptual features of human vision. For example, small differences in color are more difficult to perceive than are changes in brightness. Compression algorithms can average a color

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data and achieves over 20-fold compression (95% reduction in file size), providing 2- to 4-fold better compression and is less computationally intensive than the leading general-purpose compression utilities. For this, Chanda, Elhaik, and Bader introduced MAF-based encoding (MAFE), which reduces the

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are the latest generation of lossless algorithms that compress data (typically sequences of nucleotides) using both conventional compression algorithms and genetic algorithms adapted to the specific datatype. In 2012, a team of scientists from Johns Hopkins University published a genetic compression

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to the reference frame. If the frame contains areas where nothing has moved, the system can simply issue a short command that copies that part of the previous frame into the next one. If sections of the frame move in a simple manner, the compressor can emit a (slightly longer) command that tells the

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is an important category of audio data compression. The perceptual models used to estimate what aspects of speech a human ear can hear are generally somewhat different from those used for music. The range of frequencies needed to convey the sounds of a human voice is normally far narrower than that

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Lossy formats are often used for the distribution of streaming audio or interactive communication (such as in cell phone networks). In such applications, the data must be decompressed as the data flows, rather than after the entire data stream has been transmitted. Not all audio codecs can be used

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Basically, wavelet coding is a variant on DCT-based transform coding that reduces or eliminates some of its limitations. (...) Another advantage is that rather than working with 8 × 8 blocks of pixels, as do JPEG and other block-based DCT techniques, wavelet coding can simultaneously compress the

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It is estimated that the total amount of data that is stored on the world's storage devices could be further compressed with existing compression algorithms by a remaining average factor of 4.5:1. It is estimated that the combined technological capacity of the world to store information provides

75:. No information is lost in lossless compression. Lossy compression reduces bits by removing unnecessary or less important information. Typically, a device that performs data compression is referred to as an encoder, and one that performs the reversal of the process (decompression) as a decoder. 1080:

In contrast to the speed of compression, which is proportional to the number of operations required by the algorithm, here latency refers to the number of samples that must be analyzed before a block of audio is processed. In the minimum case, latency is zero samples (e.g., if the coder/decoder

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to produce a string of encoded bits from a series of input data symbols. It can achieve superior compression compared to other techniques such as the better-known Huffman algorithm. It uses an internal memory state to avoid the need to perform a one-to-one mapping of individual input symbols to

456:, the best possible compression of x is the smallest possible software that generates x. For example, in that model, a zip file's compressed size includes both the zip file and the unzipping software, since you can not unzip it without both, but there may be an even smaller combined form. 437:

on the output distribution). Conversely, an optimal compressor can be used for prediction (by finding the symbol that compresses best, given the previous history). This equivalence has been used as a justification for using data compression as a benchmark for "general intelligence".

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Data compression aims to reduce the size of data files, enhancing storage efficiency and speeding up data transmission. K-means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, is employed to partition a dataset into a specified number of clusters, k, each represented by the

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Lossless audio compression produces a representation of digital data that can be decoded to an exact digital duplicate of the original. Compression ratios are around 50–60% of the original size, which is similar to those for generic lossless data compression. Lossless codecs use

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Lossy audio compression is used in a wide range of applications. In addition to standalone audio-only applications of file playback in MP3 players or computers, digitally compressed audio streams are used in most video DVDs, digital television, streaming media on the

1273:), in February 1988. While there were some papers from before that time, this collection documented an entire variety of finished, working audio coders, nearly all of them using perceptual techniques and some kind of frequency analysis and back-end noiseless coding. 168:, and hardware devices such as modems. LZ methods use a table-based compression model where table entries are substituted for repeated strings of data. For most LZ methods, this table is generated dynamically from earlier data in the input. The table itself is often 180:

of the same or closely related species, a huge versioned document collection, internet archival, etc. The basic task of grammar-based codes is constructing a context-free grammar deriving a single string. Other practical grammar compression algorithms include

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when a file is decompressed and recompressed. This makes lossy compression unsuitable for storing the intermediate results in professional audio engineering applications, such as sound editing and multitrack recording. However, lossy formats such as

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Since there is no separate source and target in data compression, one can consider data compression as data differencing with empty source data, the compressed file corresponding to a difference from nothing. This is the same as considering absolute

1262:. 35 years later, almost all the radio stations in the world were using this technology manufactured by a number of companies because the inventor refuses to get invention patents for his work. He prefers declaring it of Public Domain publishing it 798: 1380:

used in camcorders and video editing employ simpler compression that uses only intra-frame prediction. This simplifies video editing software, as it prevents a situation in which a compressed frame refers to data that the editor has deleted.

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Several proprietary lossy compression algorithms have been developed that provide higher quality audio performance by using a combination of lossless and lossy algorithms with adaptive bit rates and lower compression ratios. Examples include

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is used in still-image coders and video coders without motion compensation. Interest in fractal compression seems to be waning, due to recent theoretical analysis showing a comparative lack of effectiveness of such methods.

507:, k-means clustering aids in data reduction by replacing groups of data points with their centroids, thereby preserving the core information of the original data while significantly decreasing the required storage space. 275:

between preserving information and reducing size. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the human eye is more sensitive to subtle variations in

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emerged. In the early 1990s, lossy compression methods began to be widely used. In these schemes, some loss of information is accepted as dropping nonessential detail can save storage space. There is a corresponding

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than it is to the variations in color. JPEG image compression works in part by rounding off nonessential bits of information. A number of popular compression formats exploit these perceptual differences, including

965:, satellite and cable radio, and increasingly in terrestrial radio broadcasts. Lossy compression typically achieves far greater compression than lossless compression, by discarding less-critical data based on 486:

can be utilized to compress data by grouping similar data points into clusters. This technique simplifies handling extensive datasets that lack predefined labels and finds widespread use in fields such as

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data are transformed to the frequency domain. In the main lossy processing stage, frequency domain data gets quantized in order to reduce information that is irrelevant to human visual perception.

259: 711:(JPEG) in 1992. JPEG greatly reduces the amount of data required to represent an image at the cost of a relatively small reduction in image quality and has become the most widely used 2416:

CCITT Study Group VIII und die Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) von ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1/Subcommittee 29/Working Group 10 (1993), "Annex D – Arithmetic coding",

1254:. In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed 875:

or linear prediction as a basis for estimating the signal. Parameters describing the estimation and the difference between the estimation and the actual signal are coded separately.

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needed to perform the encoding and decoding. The design of data compression schemes involves balancing the degree of compression, the amount of distortion introduced (when using

2415: 3972: 2106: 1361:). Similarities can be encoded by only storing differences between e.g. temporally adjacent frames (inter-frame coding) or spatially adjacent pixels (intra-frame coding). 2756: 992:

are very popular with end-users as the file size is reduced to 5-20% of the original size and a megabyte can store about a minute's worth of music at adequate quality.

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in 1973, before introducing it in January 1974. DCT is the most widely used lossy compression method, and is used in multimedia formats for images (such as JPEG and

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The Olympus WS-120 digital speech recorder, according to its manual, can store about 178 hours of speech-quality audio in .WMA format in 500 MB of flash memory.

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Composite image showing JPG and PNG image compression. Left side of the image is from a JPEG image, showing lossy artefacts; the right side is from a PNG image.

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Most video codecs are used alongside audio compression techniques to store the separate but complementary data streams as one combined package using so-called

4156:. Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIX. Vol. 9971. San Diego, California: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. pp. 99711B. 1541:

bandwidth compression scheme for the transmission of analog television signals. The DCT, which is fundamental to modern video compression, was introduced by

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which was standardized in 1988 by the ITU-T. They mostly rely on the DCT, applied to rectangular blocks of neighboring pixels, and temporal prediction using

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Proceedings of the International Computer Conference 2006 on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing: Chongqing, China, 29-31 August 2006

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feature a combination of a lossy format and a lossless correction; this allows stripping the correction to easily obtain a lossy file. Such formats include

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may also be used to weigh the perceptual importance of components. Models of the human ear-brain combination incorporating such effects are often called

517:'s research with the Chinchilla 70B model. Developed by DeepMind, Chinchilla 70B effectively compressed data, outperforming conventional methods such as 3742:

Britanak, V. (2011). "On Properties, Relations, and Simplified Implementation of Filter Banks in the Dolby Digital (Plus) AC-3 Audio Coding Standards".

2977: 1036:. Once transformed, component frequencies can be prioritized according to how audible they are. Audibility of spectral components is assessed using the 7384: 6154: 4695: 3045: 2855: 86:, it is called source coding: encoding is done at the source of the data before it is stored or transmitted. Source coding should not be confused with 1103:

Throwing away more of the data in the signal—keeping just enough to reconstruct an "intelligible" voice rather than the full frequency range of human

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Princen, J.; Johnson, A.; Bradley, A. (1987). "Subband/Transform coding using filter bank designs based on time domain aliasing cancellation".

2073: 1483: 1243:, and AAC. MDCT was proposed by J. P. Princen, A. W. Johnson and A. B. Bradley in 1987, following earlier work by Princen and Bradley in 1986. 1013: 152:

is a variation on LZ optimized for decompression speed and compression ratio, but compression can be slow. In the mid-1980s, following work by

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needed for music, and the sound is normally less complex. As a result, speech can be encoded at high quality using a relatively low bit rate.

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The acceptable trade-off between loss of audio quality and transmission or storage size depends upon the application. For example, one 640 MB

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To determine what information in an audio signal is perceptually irrelevant, most lossy compression algorithms use transforms such as the

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of its points. This process condenses extensive datasets into a more compact set of representative points. Particularly beneficial in

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Video data may be represented as a series of still image frames. Such data usually contains abundant amounts of spatial and temporal

1295: 4285: 1555:, which debuted in 1988, commercially introduced the prevalent basic architecture of video compression technology. It was the first 409:, who published fundamental papers on the topic in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Other topics associated with compression include 8923: 7614: 6842: 6068: 5606: 5429: 5223: 4247: 2319: 1205:(APC), a perceptual coding algorithm that exploited the masking properties of the human ear, followed in the early 1980s with the 6912: 4914: 1665: 1501:

and difference-coding techniques are applied that help decorrelate data and describe new data based on already transmitted data.

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Mentzer, Fabian; Toderici, George; Tschannen, Michael; Agustsson, Eirikur (2020). "High-Fidelity Generative Image Compression".

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across these similar areas in a manner similar to those used in JPEG image compression. As in all lossy compression, there is a

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of hardware digits in 2007, but when the corresponding content is optimally compressed, this only represents 295 exabytes of

1009: 525:(FLAC) for audio. It achieved compression of image and audio data to 43.4% and 16.4% of their original sizes, respectively. 221:

of the input data. An early example of the use of arithmetic coding was in an optional (but not widely used) feature of the

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standard was introduced in 2000. In contrast to the DCT algorithm used by the original JPEG format, JPEG 2000 instead uses

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In lossy audio compression, methods of psychoacoustics are used to remove non-audible (or less audible) components of the

4149: 2883: 2324: 3623:"A History of Realtime Digital Speech on Packet Networks: Part II of Linear Predictive Coding and the Internet Protocol" 9336: 8144: 7791: 7740: 7705: 7683: 6882: 6857: 5718: 5456: 5395: 5206: 5156: 4979: 3552:

Cummiskey, P.; Jayant, Nikil S.; Flanagan, J. L. (1973). "Adaptive quantization in differential PCM coding of speech".

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JPEG2000 Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice: Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice

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to eliminate or reduce fidelity of less audible sounds, thereby reducing the space required to store or transmit them.

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Princen, J.; Bradley, A. (1986). "Analysis/Synthesis filter bank design based on time domain aliasing cancellation".

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is introduced by the methods used to encode and decode the data. Some codecs will analyze a longer segment, called a

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Cummiskey, P.; Jayant, N. S.; Flanagan, J. L. (1973). "Adaptive Quantization in Differential PCM Coding of Speech".

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Lossy audio compression algorithms provide higher compression and are used in numerous audio applications including

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during compression and decompression, but compresses stronger, especially on repeating patterns in files' content.

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Recommendation T.81: Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-tone Still images – Requirements and guidelines

1389: 1343: 818: 160:(LZW) algorithm rapidly became the method of choice for most general-purpose compression systems. LZW is used in 130: 72: 2822: 8629: 7619: 7302: 6707: 6536: 5814: 5434: 5228: 5016: 3875: 1568: 1206: 1186: 575: 398: 197: 3778: 1449:

In inter-frame coding, individual frames of a video sequence are compared from one frame to the next, and the

1373:, on the other hand, uses only data from within the current frame, effectively being still-image compression. 204:

can also be viewed as an indirect form of statistical modelling. In a further refinement of the direct use of

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Archive software typically has the ability to adjust the "dictionary size", where a larger size demands more

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is distinguished as a separate discipline from general-purpose audio compression. Speech coding is used in

3359:"Subjective Evaluation of Music Compressed with the ACER Codec Compared to AAC, MP3, and Uncompressed PCM" 1299: 867:. A digital sound recorder can typically store around 200 hours of clearly intelligible speech in 640 MB. 9331: 9266: 9065: 6872: 4894: 4889: 4626: 806: 161: 1044:—the phenomenon wherein a signal is masked by another signal separated by frequency—and, in some cases, 9341: 8975: 8487: 8322: 8260: 8185: 7745: 7720: 7210: 6847: 6654: 6106: 5836: 5763: 5601: 5581: 5525: 5183: 4974: 4777: 4675: 3509:, C. Chapin Cutler, "Differential Quantization of Communication Signals", issued 1952-07-29 3274: 1774: 1754: 1421: 1251: 1202: 760: 402: 4081:

Robinson, A. H.; Cherry, C. (1967). "Results of a prototype television bandwidth compression scheme".

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Thinkquest 2010: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Contours of Computing Technology

1895: 1369:) (re)uses data from one or more earlier or later frames in a sequence to describe the current frame. 9321: 9273: 7695: 7225: 7149: 7068: 6303: 5846: 5787: 5713: 5561: 5151: 5146: 5001: 4844: 3264: 2949:"T.81 – DIGITAL COMPRESSION AND CODING OF CONTINUOUS-TONE STILL IMAGES – REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES" 1350: 1224: 891: 794: 742: 700: 522: 518: 297: 123: 4059: 2533: 879: 9077: 8713: 8709: 8569: 7656: 7609: 7443: 7397: 7259: 7195: 6932: 6333: 5851: 5424: 5218: 4919: 2514:"Measuring the Efficiency of the Intraday Forex Market with a Universal Data Compression Algorithm" 2161: 1330: 1174: 1060: 726: 560: 218: 212:. Arithmetic coding is a more modern coding technique that uses the mathematical calculations of a 157: 1523:

that blur out blocking artifacts from quantization discontinuities at transform block boundaries.

1346:. Video compression algorithms attempt to reduce redundancy and store information more compactly. 9346: 9278: 8985: 8970: 8909: 8638: 7602: 7569: 7485: 7423: 7392: 6952: 6712: 5792: 5163: 5050: 5006: 4819: 4802: 4792: 4666: 4083: 3099: 2659: 1952:

Tank, M.K. (2011). "Implementation of Lempel-ZIV algorithm for lossless compression using VHDL".

1532: 1424:(DWT), have been the subject of some research, but are typically not used in practical products. 1111:

The earliest algorithms used in speech encoding (and audio data compression in general) were the

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like this can compress highly repetitive input extremely effectively, for instance, a biological

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A literature compendium for a large variety of audio coding systems was published in the IEEE's

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music, less than 2 hours of music compressed losslessly, or 7 hours of music compressed in the

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Psychoacoustics recognizes that not all data in an audio stream can be perceived by the human

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The broad objective of source coding is to exploit or remove 'inefficient' redundancy in the

1749: 1693: 1627: 1583: 1070: 802: 768: 414: 374:, for example, audio compression is used for CD ripping and is decoded by the audio players. 329: 4195: 4118: 3474: 9293: 9208: 9142: 8965: 8870: 8546: 8252: 8098: 7636: 7323: 6484: 6415: 6283: 5505: 4967: 4929: 4750: 4532: 4157: 3598:

Acoustics, Information, and Communication: Memorial Volume in Honor of Manfred R. Schroeder

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algorithm that does not use a reference genome for compression. HAPZIPPER was tailored for

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of audio in an uncompressed format and several lossy formats. The lossy spectrograms show

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of a sequence given its entire history can be used for optimal data compression (by using

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audio compression system was developed by Oscar Bonello, an engineering professor at the

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An alternative view can show compression algorithms implicitly map strings into implicit

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formats, typically use motion-compensated DCT video coding (block motion compensation).

366:. Compression of human speech is often performed with even more specialized techniques; 9177: 9167: 9060: 8622: 8168: 7715: 7230: 7215: 6755: 6727: 6410: 6373: 5809: 5779: 5758: 5664: 5596: 5490: 5178: 4994: 4984: 4879: 4859: 4854: 4558: 4364: 4339: 3815: 3759: 3681: 3565: 3538: 3245: 2841: 2685: 2640: 2595: 2572: 2546: 2391: 2189: 2067: 2026: 1689: 1672:, and is widely used by video sharing websites and streaming internet services such as 1498: 1478:

Many commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the

1370: 1291: 693: 483: 390: 371: 182: 40: 7673: 6574: 5390: 3910: 1116: 148:(LZ) compression methods are among the most popular algorithms for lossless storage. 9300: 9053: 8800: 8790: 8654: 8333: 8275: 8155: 7979: 7938: 7933: 7641: 7592: 7044: 6887: 6477: 6328: 6002: 5753: 5741: 5723: 5591: 5475: 5412: 5258: 5173: 5129: 5090: 4772: 4562: 4550: 4451: 4410: 4369: 4128: 4031: 4000: 3804:

ICASSP '87. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

3722: 3647: 3601: 3569: 3486: 3475: 3448: 3337: 3306: 3265:"General characteristics and design considerations for temporal subband video coding" 3237: 3188: 3153: 2630: 2436: 2395: 2345: 2259: 2053: 1965: 1932: 1817: 1520: 1385: 1182: 1166: 1160: 914: 830: 712: 704: 668: 611: 504: 488: 434: 313: 267: 253: 209: 83: 64: 4446: 4429: 4405: 4388: 3819: 2644: 2550: 1213:

for its time. Perceptual coding is used by modern audio compression formats such as

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image coding standard. It has since been applied in various other designs including

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Dmitriy Vatolin; et al. (Graphics & Media Lab Video Group) (March 2007).

3861:"Ricardo Sametband, La Nación Newspaper "Historia de un pionero en audio digital"" 3763: 1559:

based on DCT compression. H.261 was developed by a number of companies, including

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exploit both spatial and temporal redundancy (e.g. through difference coding with

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computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name

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of higher frequencies, a common technique associated with lossy audio compression.

475:'s Image Processing Toolbox (IPT) and High-Fidelity Generative Image Compression. 9246: 9198: 8880: 8815: 8805: 8775: 8718: 8689: 8679: 8290: 8088: 7989: 7668: 7460: 6569: 6546: 5647: 5461: 5385: 5366: 5336: 5304: 5270: 4829: 4767: 4699: 4689: 4660: 4619: 4609: 3932: 3143: 3014: 2193: 2168:(December 2012). "Overview of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard". 1961: 1811: 1779: 1638:. It was also developed by a number of companies, primarily Mitsubishi Electric, 1112: 1104: 1089: 973: 845: 537: 378: 352: 282: 266:

In the late 1980s, digital images became more common, and standards for lossless

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Pratt, W.K.; Kane, J.; Andrews, H.C. (1969). "Hadamard transform image coding".

2757:"AI language models can exceed PNG and FLAC in lossless compression, says study" 1854: 9213: 9159: 9072: 9022: 9017: 8890: 8885: 8850: 8830: 8825: 8780: 8755: 8674: 8512: 8173: 7950: 7894: 7849: 7750: 7597: 7438: 7307: 6400: 5439: 5233: 4962: 4957: 4814: 4787: 4759: 3846: 3302: 2948: 2900: 2417: 2185: 2165: 1657: 1615: 1454: 1366: 1190: 966: 887: 772: 681: 673: 406: 340: 169: 145: 87: 4173: 3755: 2542: 2363: 703:(DCT), a technique developed in the early 1970s. DCT is the basis for JPEG, a 9315: 9283: 9225: 9218: 9048: 8932: 8855: 8845: 8820: 8694: 8659: 8615: 8342: 8014: 7884: 7836: 7646: 7453: 6947: 6745: 6511: 6395: 6039: 5746: 5694: 5361: 5356: 5331: 5263: 4884: 4782: 3992:

Design of Digital Video Coding Systems: A Complete Compressed Domain Approach

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to reduce the amount of information used to represent the uncompressed data.

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Other methods other than the prevalent DCT-based transform formats, such as

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When audio files are to be processed, either by further compression or for

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for a listing. Some formats are associated with a distinct system, such as

852: 453: 363: 286: 4680: 3622: 3209: 2513: 2160: 1986: 30:"Source coding" redirects here. For the term in computer programming, see 9127: 9012: 9002: 8960: 8946: 8785: 8745: 7534: 7475: 7413: 7015: 6778: 6773: 6358: 6278: 6007: 5826: 5704: 5500: 5376: 5326: 4355: 2807:. Practical Reusable Unix Software. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2511: 1653: 1652:

was developed in 2003 by a number of organizations, primarily Panasonic,

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This is accomplished, in general, by some combination of two approaches:

1029: 949: 788: 533: 513:(LLMs) are also capable of lossless data compression, as demonstrated by 153: 91: 56: 31: 4487: 4470: 3400: 2626: 405:

for lossy compression. These areas of study were essentially created by

141:; there are many schemes to reduce file size by eliminating redundancy. 9110: 8497: 8482: 8270: 8212: 7448: 7341: 6750: 6521: 6390: 6353: 6288: 6172: 6049: 5958: 5883: 5674: 5669: 5556: 5515: 5321: 4169: 3642: 2782:"RFC 3284: The VCDIFF Generic Differencing and Compression Data Format" 1564: 1511:

In the last stage statistical redundancy gets largely eliminated by an

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than the original representation. Any particular compression is either

3903:"Summary of some of Solidyne's contributions to Broadcast Engineering" 9203: 9084: 9007: 8955: 8950: 8875: 8770: 8423: 8285: 8004: 7999: 7961: 7900: 7517: 7119: 6922: 6902: 6722: 6717: 6380: 6338: 4681:

Explanation of lossless signal compression method used by most codecs

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Using 10-bit AVC/H.264 Encoding with 4:2:2 for Broadcast Contribution

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lossy compression video has a compression factor between 20 and 200.

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in image compression, began after the development of DCT coding. The

741:, a lossless compression algorithm specified in 1996, is used in the 321: 305: 277: 272: 126: 79: 3881: 3073: 1984: 1838:

source and thereby achieve a reduction in the overall source rate R.

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between the bytes needed to store or transmit information, and the

71:. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating 8901: 8559: 8472: 8393: 8295: 8207: 8019: 7859: 7710: 7651: 7564: 7318: 7205: 7164: 7159: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 6985: 6927: 6867: 6631: 6611: 6596: 6385: 6313: 6293: 5566: 5040: 4989: 4280: 4242: 3714:

Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting Standards: Technology and Practice

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Solidyne 922: The world's first commercial audio bit compression

922: 903: 752: 738: 348: 186: 149: 5957: 1852: 1668:(CAVLC) algorithms. AVC is the main video encoding standard for 1100:

Only encoding sounds that could be made by a single human voice.

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Examples of AI-powered audio/video compression software include

9241: 8527: 8522: 8408: 8365: 8237: 8034: 8029: 8024: 7956: 7928: 7889: 7512: 6970: 6664: 6504: 6425: 6405: 6343: 6080: 6056: 6034: 6022: 6017: 5080: 4471:"A Survey on Data Compression Methods for Biological Sequences" 2982: 2019:

Document Management - Portable document format - Part 1: PDF1.7

1985:

Navqi, Saud; Naqvi, R.; Riaz, R.A.; Siddiqui, F. (April 2011).

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guided using the original signal. The most popular example are

1255: 1048:—where a signal is masked by another signal separated by time. 907: 837: 472: 464: 333: 304:, who then developed a working algorithm with T. Natarajan and 4518: 2170:

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research

208:, statistical estimates can be coupled to an algorithm called 8492: 8477: 8227: 8195: 8063: 8009: 7984: 7905: 7844: 7559: 7490: 7333: 7109: 7072: 6957: 6659: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6606: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6564: 6556: 6318: 6298: 6129: 6119: 6114: 6102: 6090: 5915: 5520: 5113: 5060: 3880:. Melville, NY: Acoustical Society of America. Archived from 3835:

IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

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codecs perform at a compression factor of 5 to 12, a typical

1239:(MDCT) used by modern audio compression formats such as MP3, 814: 226: 165: 4606:

Why does 10-bit save bandwidth (even when content is 8-bit)?

4196:"The History of Video File Formats Infographic — RealPlayer" 2731:"Differentially private clustering for large-scale datasets" 1853:

Mahdi, O.A.; Mohammed, M.A.; Mohamed, A.J. (November 2012).

82:

is often referred to as data compression. In the context of

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Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding

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IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing

2884:"A method for the construction of minimum-redundancy codes" 2177: 1697: 1611: 1587: 1322: 997: 763:(DWT) algorithms. JPEG 2000 technology, which includes the 647:(corresponding to data differencing) with no initial data. 449: 317: 309: 234: 222: 4646:

EBU subjective listening tests on low-bitrate audio codecs

1610:, which was developed by a number of companies, primarily 878:

A number of lossless audio compression formats exist. See

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Hosseini, Morteza; Pratas, Diogo; Pinho, Armando (2016).

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Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology

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sampled waveforms into a transform domain, typically the

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International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting

3101:

DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification version 1.3

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Shmilovici A.; Kahiri Y.; Ben-Gal I.; Hauser S. (2009).

2367:; T. Natarajan; Kamisetty Ramamohan Rao (January 1974). 8607: 4340:"HapZipper: sharing HapMap populations just got easier" 3551: 3524: 1486:) share the same basic architecture that dates back to 1465: 688:

dates back to the late 1960s, with the introduction of

654:

is used to emphasize the data differencing connection.

2092:"An Improved Data Compression Method for General Data" 1816:(2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 34. 1700:

broadcasts over terrestrial and satellite television.

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Understanding Digital Cinema: A Professional Handbook

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Korn, D.G.; Vo, K.P. (1995). B. Krishnamurthy (ed.).

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The theoretical basis for compression is provided by

4210:"Patent statement declaration registered as H261-07" 3951:

A Brief guide to compress a file in 4 different ways

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which often applies some form of arithmetic coding.

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Data compression can be viewed as a special case of

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Cherry proposed a 1384:Usually, video compression additionally employs 807:Audio compression formats compression algorithms 801:), has the potential to reduce the transmission 793:Audio data compression, not to be confused with 699:An important image compression technique is the 452:theory, a connection more directly explained in 4387:Christley S, Lu Y, Li C, Xie X (Jan 15, 2009). 3963: 3477:Three-Dimensional Model Analysis and Processing 3392: 2463:. University of Marne la Vallee. Archived from 1317:(MC). Most video coding standards, such as the 733:algorithm developed in 1984. It is used in the 4706:What is Run length Coding in video compression 4512: 4154:Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIX 4080: 3832: 3383: 1622:. MPEG-2 became the standard video format for 1209:(CELP) algorithm which achieved a significant 1059:Other types of lossy compressors, such as the 192:The strongest modern lossless compressors use 8917: 8623: 7806: 7792: 5943: 4726: 3939: 3580: 3413: 2606: 1887: 343:, to increase storage capacities. Similarly, 292:Most forms of lossy compression are based on 4740: 4616:Which compression technology should be used? 4380: 4338:Chanda P, Bader JS, Elhaik E (27 Jul 2012). 2773: 1978: 1602:-quality video. It was succeeded in 1994 by 1474:Processing stages of a typical video encoder 614:. Data differencing consists of producing a 429:and compression. A system that predicts the 94:, the means for mapping data onto a signal. 4303: 4265: 4227: 4112: 4110: 3989:Chen, Jie; Koc, Ut-Va; Liu, KJ Ray (2001). 3776: 3770: 3357:Cunningham, Stuart; McGregor, Iain (2019). 3177:Taubman, David; Marcellin, Michael (2012). 2657: 2441:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1267:Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 578:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 8924: 8910: 8630: 8616: 7799: 7785: 5950: 5936: 4733: 4719: 4590: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 3988: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3438: 3436: 2570: 2129: 2127: 2072:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1929:A Concise Introduction to Data Compression 939: 817:. In both lossy and lossless compression, 4686:Videsignline – Intro to Video Compression 4544: 4486: 4445: 4404: 4363: 4331: 4125:Institution of Engineering and Technology 3641: 3591: 3374: 3113: 2849: 2689: 2532: 2085: 2083: 1894:Pujar, J.H.; Kadlaskar, L.M. (May 2010). 1848: 1846: 1662:context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding 1660:. AVC commercially introduced the modern 598:Learn how and when to remove this message 4116: 4107: 4074: 3909:. Buenos Aires: Solidyne. Archived from 3895: 3741: 3262: 3207: 3038: 3012: 2914: 2823:"A Mathematical Theory of Communication" 2310: 2308: 2272: 2222:"(Set compression Method) switch – 7zip" 1469: 1155:(ADPCM) was introduced by P. Cummiskey, 1126: 943: 805:and storage requirements of audio data. 532: 300:(DCT). It was first proposed in 1972 by 257: 90:, for error detection and correction or 4462: 4181: 4141: 3957: 3874:Zwicker, Eberhard; et al. (1967). 3873: 3867: 3671: 3665: 3461: 3442: 3433: 3298:The Essential Guide to Video Processing 3141: 3135: 3066: 2872: 2811: 2754: 2564: 2482: 2245: 2239: 2124: 2045: 1926: 1666:context-adaptive variable-length coding 979:Due to the nature of lossy algorithms, 14: 9314: 4503:"Data Compression via Logic Synthesis" 4147: 3966:Lossless Video Codecs Comparison '2007 3473:Faxin Yu; Hao Luo; Zheming Lu (2010). 3325: 3108:. p. 1. sec. Abstract. 3015:"Copy protections could come to JPEGs" 2802: 2796: 2706:"What is Unsupervised Learning? | IBM" 2359: 2357: 2355: 2089: 2080: 1956:. Berlin: Springer. pp. 275–283. 1920: 1843: 1721:Outlook and currently unused potential 1139:Early audio research was conducted at 844:. These algorithms almost all rely on 97:Data Compression algorithms present a 78:The process of reducing the size of a 8905: 8611: 7780: 5931: 4714: 3719:Springer Science & Business Media 3294: 3263:Sullivan, Gary (8–12 December 2003). 3214:IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 3201: 3185:Springer Science & Business Media 3150:Springer Science & Business Media 2449: 2314: 2305: 1504:Then rectangular blocks of remaining 1432: 133:to represent data without losing any 4651:Audio Archiving Guide: Music Formats 4389:"Human genomes as email attachments" 4044: 3806:. Vol. 12. pp. 2161–2164. 3620: 3499: 3088: 2805:Vdelta: Differencing and Compression 2779: 2619:Data Compression Conference (DCC'06) 2409: 2278: 2154: 2136:"JPEG Image Compression FAQ, Part 1" 1951: 1809: 1466:Hybrid block-based transform formats 1235:in 1974, provided the basis for the 576:adding citations to reliable sources 543: 528: 425:There is a close connection between 4696:Data Footprint Reduction Technology 3971:(Report). Moscow State University. 3877:The Ear As A Communication Receiver 3710: 3704: 3398: 3145:Data Compression in Digital Systems 3013:Baraniuk, Chris (15 October 2015). 2941: 2780:Korn, D.; et al. 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Florida Institute of Technology 2455: 1785:Universal code (data compression) 1497:In the prediction stage, various 1019: 5907: 5906: 5897: 5896: 4672:Introduction to Data Compression 4178:Lecture recording, from 3:05:10. 3978:from the original on 2008-05-15. 3947:"File Compression Possibilities" 3791:from the original on 2017-02-13. 3661:from the original on 2010-07-04. 2580:IEEE Transactions on Reliability 2560:from the original on 2009-07-09. 2405:from the original on 2016-12-08. 2133: 2090:Mahmud, Salauddin (March 2012). 2007:from the original on 2013-05-20. 1916:from the original on 2010-05-24. 1378:intra-frame video coding formats 709:Joint Photographic Experts Group 548: 27:Compact encoding of digital data 4641:from the original on 2007-09-28 4495: 4291:from the original on 2019-07-06 4253:from the original on 2019-05-29 4202: 3982: 3925: 3853: 3826: 3795: 3777:Brandenburg, Karlheinz (1999). 3735: 3692:from the original on 2014-01-24 3614: 3545: 3518: 3350: 3319: 3288: 3256: 3170: 3006: 2970: 2910:from the original on 2005-10-08 2861:from the original on 2011-05-24 2748: 2723: 2698: 2677: 2660:"What Is AI Video Compression?" 2658:Gary Adcock (January 5, 2023). 2651: 2293:from the original on 2013-07-28 2214: 2200: 2112:from the original on 2013-11-02 2052:. Champaign, IL. p. 1069. 1875:from the original on 2013-03-20 1709:Genetics compression algorithms 1201:developed a form of LPC called 767:extension, was selected as the 395:Shannon's source coding theorem 99:space-time complexity trade-off 9090:Hidden file / Hidden directory 7303:ISO/IEC base media file format 4152:. In Tescher, Andrew G (ed.). 3592:Schroeder, Manfred R. (2014). 2851:11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4314-2 2821:(1948). Alcatel-Lucent (ed.). 2376:IEEE Transactions on Computers 2254:. Wolfram Media, Inc. p. 2039: 2011: 1630:. In 1999, it was followed by 1586:used for codecs have been the 1207:code-excited linear prediction 1187:Nippon Telegraph and Telephone 626:with patching reproducing the 399:algorithmic information theory 198:prediction by partial matching 13: 1: 9133:Filesystem Hierarchy Standard 4667:hydrogenaudio wiki comparison 4447:10.1093/bioinformatics/btt362 4406:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn582 4273:"MPEG-4 Visual - Patent List" 3672:Guckert, John (Spring 2012). 3527:Bell System Technical Journal 2990:. 31 May 2018. Archived from 2830:Bell System Technical Journal 2031:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 1796: 1246:The world's first commercial 1189:) in 1966. During the 1970s, 1038:absolute threshold of hearing 692:(FFT) coding in 1968 and the 684:which was developed in 1950. 480:unsupervised machine learning 401:for lossless compression and 324:and HEVC) and audio (such as 4148:Reader, Cliff (2016-08-31). 3630:Found. Trends Signal Process 3481:. Berlin: Springer. p. 2755:Edwards, Benj (2023-09-28). 2346:10.1016/1051-2004(91)90086-Z 1962:10.1007/978-81-8489-989-4_51 1813:Signal coding and processing 1596:Motion Picture Experts Group 1526: 1067:for streaming applications. 737:format, introduced in 1987. 377:Lossy compression can cause 7: 9267:Comparison of file managers 9066:List of filename extensions 4581:"Part 3: Video compression" 4117:Ghanbari, Mohammed (2003). 3812:10.1109/ICASSP.1987.1169405 3326:Swartz, Charles S. (2005). 3208:Unser, M.; Blu, T. 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Independent JPEG Group 1365:compression (a temporal 1276: 1175:linear predictive coding 1061:linear predictive coding 921:(Scalable to Lossless), 778: 662: 652:differential compression 393:and, more specifically, 247: 219:probability distribution 9279:File-system permissions 7570:Alliance for Open Media 5793:Compressed suffix array 5342:Nyquist–Shannon theorem 4674:by Guy E Blelloch from 4597:, Ateme, archived from 4585:Data Compression Basics 4546:10.1126/science.1200970 4084:Proceedings of the IEEE 3779:"MP3 and AAC Explained" 3445:Audio-Video Engineering 3295:Bovik, Alan C. (2009). 3234:10.1109/TIP.2003.812329 2923:Proceedings of the IEEE 2521:Computational Economics 2388:10.1109/T-C.1974.223784 1927:Salomon, David (2008). 1688:, web software such as 1451:video compression codec 1050:Equal-loudness contours 985:digital generation loss 940:Lossy audio compression 880:list of lossless codecs 657: 431:posterior probabilities 206:probabilistic modelling 103:Computational resources 18:Lossy audio compression 9352:Utility software types 6490:MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) 4344:Nucleic Acids Research 4101:10.1109/PROC.1967.5493 4020:Li, Jian Ping (2006). 3443:Jaiswal, R.C. (2009). 2935:10.1109/PROC.1969.6869 2892:Proceedings of the IRE 2592:10.1109/TR.2005.853280 2458:"On image compression" 1584:video coding standards 1475: 1311:video coding standards 1136: 1040:and the principles of 957: 884:Direct Stream Transfer 819:information redundancy 690:fast Fourier transform 541: 403:rate–distortion theory 289:for images and video. 263: 131:statistical redundancy 107:lossy data compression 73:statistical redundancy 8533:Windows Media Encoder 8243:Windows Media Encoder 7865:GNOME Archive Manager 7508:QuickTime File Format 5822:Kolmogorov complexity 5690:Video characteristics 5067:LZ77 + Huffman + ANS 3711:Luo, Fa-Long (2008). 3507:US patent 2605361 3142:Hoffman, Roy (2012). 2819:Claude Elwood Shannon 2250:A New Kind of Science 2140:Internet FAQ Archives 1810:Wade, Graham (1994). 1750:Kolmogorov complexity 1694:Microsoft Silverlight 1654:Godo Kaisha IP Bridge 1628:SD digital television 1594:was developed by the 1473: 1443:Further information: 1294:requires a very high 1130: 1054:psychoacoustic models 947: 769:video coding standard 536: 521:(PNG) for images and 511:Large language models 443:feature space vectors 415:statistical inference 261: 9294:File synchronization 9143:Semantic file system 8966:List of file formats 8811:Protection (privacy) 7953:(decompression only) 7947:(decompression only) 7941:(decompression only) 7897:(decompression only) 7767:Compression software 7324:MPEG media transport 6401:Sorenson Video/Spark 5912:Compression software 5506:Compression artifact 5462:Psychoacoustic model 4235:"MPEG-2 Patent List" 3376:10.1155/2019/8265301 3334:Taylor & Francis 2880:David Albert Huffman 2735:blog.research.google 1931:. Berlin: Springer. 1248:broadcast automation 1227:(DCT), developed by 1195:Manfred R. Schroeder 1147:filed the patent on 1042:simultaneous masking 927:OptimFROG DualStream 731:lossless compression 572:improve this section 357:video coding formats 242:random-access memory 214:finite-state machine 119:Lossless compression 9123:Directory structure 8597:compression formats 8593:compression methods 8503:Schrödinger (Dirac) 7765:for techniques and 7763:Compression methods 6259:HDR Vivid(GY/T 358) 5902:Compression formats 5541:Texture compression 5536:Standard test image 5352:Silence compression 4537:2011Sci...332...60H 4488:10.3390/info7040056 4162:2016SPIE.9971E..1BR 3953:. 17 February 2017. 3594:"Bell Laboratories" 3226:2003ITIP...12.1080U 3054:. 24 September 2013 2712:. 23 September 2021 2627:10.1109/DCC.2006.13 2571:I. Ben-Gal (2008). 2338:1991DSP.....1....4A 2049:New Kind of Science 1868:(6, No. 3): 53–59. 1790:Vector quantization 1732:Shannon information 1620:Mitsubishi Electric 1557:video coding format 1545:, T. Natarajan and 1539:run-length encoding 1445:Motion compensation 1426:Wavelet compression 1414:fractal compression 1359:motion compensation 1315:motion compensation 1283:Video coding format 1231:, T. Natarajan and 1185:) and Shuzo Saito ( 1169:was first used for 863:format at a medium 809:are implemented in 785:Audio coding format 749:Wavelet compression 678:Shannon–Fano coding 174:Grammar-based codes 139:run-length encoding 9332:Digital television 9061:Filename extension 8488:Helix DNA Producer 8186:Helix DNA Producer 8169:Fraunhofer FDK AAC 5810:Information theory 5665:Display resolution 5491:Chroma subsampling 4880:Byte pair encoding 4825:Shannon–Fano–Elias 4356:10.1093/nar/gks709 4170:10.1117/12.2239493 3682:University of Utah 3643:10.1561/2000000036 2882:(September 1952), 1690:Adobe Flash Player 1521:deblocking filters 1476: 1433:Inter-frame coding 1371:Intra-frame coding 1292:Uncompressed video 1173:compression, with 1143:. There, in 1950, 1137: 1028:(MDCT) to convert 958: 915:audio file formats 694:Hadamard transform 542: 484:k-means clustering 391:information theory 372:internet telephony 264: 237:for video coding. 53:bit-rate reduction 41:information theory 9342:Video compression 9309: 9308: 9301:File verification 9054:Filename mangling 8981:Open file formats 8899: 8898: 8891:Wrangling/munging 8741:Format management 8605: 8604: 8583: 8582: 8541: 8540: 8309: 8308: 8131: 8130: 8043: 8042: 7774: 7773: 7548: 7547: 7466:DivX Media Format 7254: 7253: 7039: 7038: 6439: 6438: 6329:Microsoft Video 1 6264:AVS3 P2(GY/T 368) 6250:(GB/T 20090.2/16) 5925: 5924: 5774: 5773: 5724:Deblocking filter 5622: 5621: 5470: 5469: 5279: 5278: 5124: 5123: 3421:"Format overview" 3401:"FLAC Comparison" 3076:. 27 January 1995 2265:978-1-57955-008-0 1994:Electrical Review 1971:978-81-8489-988-7 1823:978-0-521-42336-6 1582:The most popular 1420:and the use of a 1386:lossy compression 1331:container formats 1211:compression ratio 1183:Nagoya University 1167:Perceptual coding 1161:James L. Flanagan 1151:(DPCM). In 1973, 831:linear prediction 799:these are related 713:image file format 705:lossy compression 669:Image compression 612:data differencing 608: 607: 600: 529:Data differencing 505:signal processing 489:image compression 435:arithmetic coding 296:, especially the 268:image compression 254:Lossy compression 210:arithmetic coding 84:data transmission 16:(Redirected from 9359: 9322:Data compression 9257:Data compression 9138:Grid file system 9116:Temporary folder 9106:Directory/folder 8926: 8919: 8912: 8903: 8902: 8632: 8625: 8618: 8609: 8608: 8339: 8338: 8330: 8329: 8326: 8152: 8151: 8148: 8054: 8053: 7945:StuffIt Expander 7833: 7832: 7829: 7808:Data compression 7801: 7794: 7787: 7778: 7777: 7540:VOB, IFO and BUP 7314:Motion JPEG 2000 7265: 7264: 7052: 7051: 7011:aptX Low Latency 6788:Chinese Standard 6452: 6451: 6241:Chinese Standard 6013:Motion JPEG 2000 5982: 5981: 5952: 5945: 5938: 5929: 5928: 5910: 5909: 5900: 5899: 5729:Lapped transform 5633: 5632: 5511:Image resolution 5496:Coding tree unit 5481: 5480: 5290: 5289: 5135: 5134: 4756: 4755: 4742:Data compression 4735: 4728: 4721: 4712: 4711: 4642: 4640: 4633: 4602: 4591:Pierre Larbier, 4587: 4567: 4566: 4548: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4499: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4449: 4440:(17): 2199–202. 4425: 4419: 4418: 4408: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4367: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4315: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4290: 4277: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4252: 4239: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4198:. 22 April 2012. 4192: 4179: 4177: 4172:. Archived from 4145: 4139: 4138: 4127:. pp. 1–2. 4114: 4105: 4104: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4028:World Scientific 4017: 4011: 4010: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3970: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3899: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3889: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3841:(5): 1153–1161. 3830: 3824: 3823: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3783: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3750:(5): 1231–1241. 3739: 3733: 3732: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3691: 3678: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3645: 3627: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3589: 3578: 3577: 3560:(7): 1105–1118. 3549: 3543: 3542: 3533:(7): 1105–1118. 3522: 3516: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3480: 3470: 3459: 3458: 3440: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3407: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3220:(9): 1080–1090. 3205: 3199: 3198: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3117: 3115:10.17487/RFC1951 3096:L. Peter Deutsch 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3010: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2994:on 5 August 2019 2974: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2958:. September 1992 2953: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2888: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2866: 2860: 2853: 2827: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2767: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2742: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2717: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2615:Carla E. Brodley 2610: 2604: 2603: 2577: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2536: 2518: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2469: 2462: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2440: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2425:, pp. 54 ff 2424: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2373: 2361: 2350: 2349: 2318:(January 1991). 2312: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2292: 2285: 2281:"On Compression" 2279:Arcangel, Cory. 2276: 2270: 2269: 2253: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2234: 2233: 2224:. Archived from 2218: 2212: 2211: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2131: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2111: 2096: 2087: 2078: 2077: 2071: 2063: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2030: 2022: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2006: 1991: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1949: 1943: 1942: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1900: 1891: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1874: 1859: 1850: 1841: 1840: 1831: 1830: 1807: 1745:HTTP compression 1650:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC 1460:variable bitrate 1418:matching pursuit 1388:techniques like 1313:are the DCT and 1179:Fumitada Itakura 1145:C. Chapin Cutler 1046:temporal masking 1034:frequency domain 765:Motion JPEG 2000 727:Lempel–Ziv–Welch 686:Transform coding 680:, the basis for 645:relative entropy 603: 596: 592: 589: 583: 552: 544: 427:machine learning 421:Machine learning 294:transform coding 231:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC 196:models, such as 158:Lempel–Ziv–Welch 129:usually exploit 45:data compression 21: 9367: 9366: 9362: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9357: 9356: 9312: 9311: 9310: 9305: 9247:File comparison 9230: 9199:File descriptor 9187: 9154: 9094: 9027: 8971:File signatures 8935: 8930: 8900: 8895: 8871:Synchronization 8641: 8636: 8606: 8601: 8579: 8537: 8456: 8433: 8380: 8320: 8319: 8316: 8305: 8247: 8142: 8141: 8138: 8127: 8113: 8049: 8039: 8010:PKZIP/SecureZIP 7990:Archive Utility 7966: 7915: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7811: 7805: 7775: 7770: 7755: 7729: 7574: 7544: 7402: 7379: 7351: 7328: 7250: 7169: 7067: 7046: 7035: 6831: 6803:(GB/T 33475.3) 6797:(GB/T 20090.10) 6783: 6760: 6732: 6674: 6636: 6551: 6547:MPEG-H 3D Audio 6473:MPEG-1 Layer II 6463: 6446: 6435: 6267: 6236: 6187: 6149: 6097: 5993: 5976: 5969: 5956: 5926: 5921: 5888: 5872: 5856: 5837:Rate–distortion 5770: 5699: 5618: 5545: 5466: 5371: 5367:Sub-band coding 5275: 5200:Predictive type 5195: 5120: 5087:LZSS + Huffman 5037:LZ77 + Huffman 5026: 4936: 4872:Dictionary type 4866: 4768:Adaptive coding 4745: 4739: 4700:Wayback Machine 4690:Wayback Machine 4661:Wayback Machine 4638: 4631: 4625: 4620:Wayback Machine 4610:Wayback Machine 4579: 4576: 4571: 4570: 4531:(6025): 60–65. 4517: 4513: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4496: 4467: 4463: 4426: 4422: 4385: 4381: 4336: 4332: 4322: 4320: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4294: 4292: 4288: 4275: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4218: 4216: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4194: 4193: 4182: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4115: 4108: 4079: 4075: 4065: 4063: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4030:. p. 847. 4018: 4014: 4007: 3987: 3983: 3975: 3968: 3962: 3958: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3916: 3914: 3913:on 8 March 2013 3901: 3900: 3896: 3887: 3885: 3872: 3868: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3831: 3827: 3800: 3796: 3788: 3781: 3775: 3771: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3721:. p. 590. 3709: 3705: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3676: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3625: 3619: 3615: 3608: 3590: 3581: 3550: 3546: 3523: 3519: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3493: 3471: 3462: 3455: 3441: 3434: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3405: 3403: 3399:Coalson, Josh. 3397: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3355: 3351: 3344: 3336:. p. 147. 3324: 3320: 3313: 3305:. p. 355. 3293: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3261: 3257: 3206: 3202: 3195: 3175: 3171: 3160: 3152:. p. 124. 3140: 3136: 3127: 3125: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3057: 3055: 3044: 3043: 3039: 3029: 3027: 3011: 3007: 2997: 2995: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2961: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2919: 2915: 2907: 2886: 2877: 2873: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2825: 2816: 2812: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2778: 2774: 2765: 2763: 2753: 2749: 2740: 2738: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2715: 2713: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2682: 2678: 2668: 2666: 2656: 2652: 2637: 2621:. p. 332. 2611: 2607: 2575: 2569: 2565: 2557: 2534:10.1.1.627.3751 2516: 2510: 2506: 2496: 2494: 2489:Mahoney, Matt. 2487: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2460: 2456:Marak, Laszlo. 2454: 2450: 2434: 2433: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2414: 2410: 2402: 2371: 2362: 2353: 2313: 2306: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2283: 2277: 2273: 2266: 2244: 2240: 2231: 2229: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2159: 2155: 2145: 2143: 2132: 2125: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2094: 2088: 2081: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2044: 2040: 2024: 2023: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2004: 1989: 1983: 1979: 1972: 1950: 1946: 1939: 1925: 1921: 1913: 1898: 1892: 1888: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1857: 1851: 1844: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1780:Sub-band coding 1740: 1723: 1706: 1535: 1529: 1468: 1447: 1441: 1435: 1340: 1338:Encoding theory 1289: 1279: 1157:Nikil S. Jayant 1125: 1117:μ-law algorithm 1113:A-law algorithm 1090:Speech encoding 1087: 1085:Speech encoding 1022: 974:auditory system 969:optimizations. 942: 846:psychoacoustics 791: 781: 671: 665: 660: 604: 593: 587: 584: 569: 553: 531: 423: 387: 379:generation loss 353:streaming video 341:digital cameras 285:for sound, and 283:psychoacoustics 256: 250: 178:data collection 170:Huffman encoded 121: 115: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9365: 9355: 9354: 9349: 9347:Videotelephony 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9303: 9298: 9297: 9296: 9291: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9270: 9269: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9238: 9236: 9232: 9231: 9229: 9228: 9223: 9222: 9221: 9216: 9206: 9201: 9195: 9193: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9164: 9162: 9156: 9155: 9153: 9152: 9147: 9146: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9125: 9120: 9119: 9118: 9113: 9102: 9100: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9081: 9080: 9073:File attribute 9070: 9069: 9068: 9058: 9057: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9035: 9033: 9029: 9028: 9026: 9025: 9023:Zero-byte file 9020: 9018:Temporary file 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8989: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8958: 8953: 8943: 8941: 8937: 8936: 8933:Computer files 8929: 8928: 8921: 8914: 8906: 8897: 8896: 8894: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8796:Pre-processing 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8732: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8646: 8643: 8642: 8635: 8634: 8627: 8620: 8612: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8599: 8588: 8585: 8584: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8551: 8549: 8543: 8542: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8464: 8462: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8454: 8449: 8443: 8441: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8390: 8388: 8382: 8381: 8379: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8347: 8345: 8336: 8327: 8311: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8276:Monkey's Audio 8273: 8268: 8263: 8257: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8204: 8203: 8198: 8188: 8183: 8182: 8181: 8176: 8174:Nero AAC Codec 8171: 8160: 8158: 8149: 8133: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8123: 8121: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8060: 8058: 8051: 8045: 8044: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7976: 7974: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7951:The Unarchiver 7948: 7942: 7936: 7931: 7925: 7923: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7841: 7839: 7830: 7813: 7812: 7804: 7803: 7796: 7789: 7781: 7772: 7771: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7753: 7751:List of codecs 7748: 7743: 7737: 7735: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7724: 7723: 7718: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7688: 7687: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7654: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7633: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7607: 7606: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7584: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7556: 7554: 7553:Collaborations 7550: 7549: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7531: 7530: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7504: 7503: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7457: 7456: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7410: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7395: 7389: 7387: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7361: 7359: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7349: 7344: 7338: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7326: 7321: 7319:MPEG-21 Part 9 7316: 7311: 7308:MPEG-4 Part 14 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7289: 7288: 7277: 7275: 7262: 7256: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7177: 7175: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7081: 7079: 7049: 7041: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6967: 6966: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6888:Monkey's Audio 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6839: 6837: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6829: 6828:(SJ/T 11299.4) 6823: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6810: 6798: 6791: 6789: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6781: 6776: 6770: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6742: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6684: 6682: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6646: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6578: 6577: 6572: 6561: 6559: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6492: 6487: 6485:MPEG-1 Layer I 6482: 6481: 6480: 6469: 6467: 6449: 6441: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6377: 6376: 6371: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6356: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6260: 6251: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6198: 6196: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6159: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6111: 6109: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6094: 6093: 6091:Part 2 / LCEVC 6088: 6078: 6077: 6076: 6066: 6065: 6064: 6054: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 5999: 5997: 5979: 5971: 5970: 5955: 5954: 5947: 5940: 5932: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5919: 5904: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5886: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5864: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5807: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5795: 5784: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5768: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5751: 5750: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5710: 5708: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5661: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5639: 5637: 5630: 5624: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5616: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5487: 5485: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5410: 5409: 5408: 5403: 5393: 5388: 5382: 5380: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5296: 5294: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5271:Psychoacoustic 5268: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5248: 5247: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5216: 5215: 5214: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5160: 5159: 5154: 5143: 5141: 5139:Transform type 5132: 5126: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5118: 5117: 5116: 5108: 5107: 5106: 5103: 5095: 5094: 5093: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5065: 5064: 5063: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4998: 4997: 4992: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4882: 4876: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4864: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4764: 4762: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4738: 4737: 4730: 4723: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4693: 4683: 4678: 4669: 4664: 4654: 4648: 4643: 4623: 4613: 4603: 4588: 4575: 4574:External links 4572: 4569: 4568: 4511: 4494: 4461: 4434:Bioinformatics 4420: 4393:Bioinformatics 4379: 4330: 4302: 4264: 4226: 4201: 4180: 4176:on 2016-12-08. 4140: 4133: 4106: 4073: 4062:on 23 May 2013 4052:"Video Coding" 4043: 4036: 4012: 4005: 3999:. p. 71. 3981: 3956: 3938: 3924: 3894: 3866: 3852: 3825: 3794: 3769: 3734: 3727: 3703: 3664: 3636:(4): 203–303. 3613: 3606: 3579: 3544: 3517: 3498: 3491: 3460: 3453: 3432: 3412: 3391: 3382: 3349: 3342: 3318: 3311: 3303:Academic Press 3287: 3255: 3200: 3193: 3169: 3158: 3134: 3087: 3065: 3037: 3005: 2969: 2940: 2913: 2871: 2810: 2795: 2772: 2747: 2722: 2697: 2676: 2650: 2635: 2605: 2586:(3): 381–388. 2563: 2527:(2): 131–154. 2504: 2481: 2470:on 28 May 2015 2448: 2408: 2351: 2304: 2271: 2264: 2238: 2213: 2199: 2162:G. J. Sullivan 2153: 2123: 2079: 2058: 2038: 2010: 2000:(4): 279–285. 1977: 1970: 1944: 1937: 1919: 1886: 1842: 1822: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1722: 1719: 1705: 1702: 1696:, and various 1658:LG Electronics 1531:Main article: 1528: 1525: 1492:motion vectors 1467: 1464: 1437:Main article: 1434: 1431: 1367:delta encoding 1339: 1336: 1278: 1275: 1191:Bishnu S. Atal 1124: 1121: 1109: 1108: 1101: 1086: 1083: 1021: 1020:Coding methods 1018: 967:psychoacoustic 948:Comparison of 941: 938: 888:Super Audio CD 780: 777: 773:digital cinema 745:(PNG) format. 721:digital photos 717:digital images 682:Huffman coding 674:Entropy coding 667:Main article: 664: 661: 659: 656: 606: 605: 556: 554: 547: 530: 527: 422: 419: 407:Claude Shannon 386: 383: 252:Main article: 249: 246: 117:Main article: 114: 111: 88:channel coding 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9364: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9327:Digital audio 9325: 9323: 9320: 9319: 9317: 9302: 9299: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9285: 9284:File transfer 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9268: 9265: 9264: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9233: 9227: 9226:Symbolic link 9224: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9196: 9194: 9190: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9161: 9157: 9151: 9148: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9130: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9107: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9097: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9079: 9076: 9075: 9074: 9071: 9067: 9064: 9063: 9062: 9059: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9049:Long filename 9047: 9045: 9042: 9041: 9040: 9037: 9036: 9034: 9030: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8963: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8948: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8927: 8922: 8920: 8915: 8913: 8908: 8907: 8904: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8716: 8715: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8647: 8644: 8640: 8633: 8628: 8626: 8621: 8619: 8614: 8613: 8610: 8598: 8594: 8590: 8589: 8586: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8544: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8465: 8463: 8459: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8444: 8442: 8440: 8436: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8387: 8383: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8331: 8328: 8324: 8318: 8312: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8250: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8166: 8165: 8162: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8153: 8150: 8146: 8140: 8134: 8126: 8122: 8120: 8116: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8055: 8052: 8048:Non-archiving 8046: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8015:PowerArchiver 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7969: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7952: 7949: 7946: 7943: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7918: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7837:Free software 7834: 7831: 7827: 7818: 7814: 7809: 7802: 7797: 7795: 7790: 7788: 7783: 7782: 7779: 7768: 7764: 7758: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7738: 7736: 7732: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7713: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7692: 7689: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7665: 7662: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7649: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7612: 7611: 7608: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7589: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7577: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7551: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7455: 7452: 7451: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7405: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7382: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7358: 7354: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7331: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7282: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7257: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7085:CCITT Group 4 7083: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7042: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7016:aptX Adaptive 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6834: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6796: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6766:Bluetooth SIG 6763: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6735: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6677: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6639: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6567: 6566: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6554: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6512:MPEG Surround 6510: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6442: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6270: 6263: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6239: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6152: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6082: 6079: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6070: 6067: 6063: 6062:Part 2 / HEVC 6060: 6059: 6058: 6055: 6051: 6050:Part 33 / IVC 6048: 6046: 6045:Part 10 / AVC 6043: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5972: 5967: 5963: 5960: 5953: 5948: 5946: 5941: 5939: 5934: 5933: 5930: 5917: 5913: 5905: 5903: 5895: 5894: 5891: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5756: 5755: 5752: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5696: 5695:Video quality 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5625: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5548: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5473: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5414: 5411: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5362:Speech coding 5360: 5358: 5357:Sound quality 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5332:Dynamic range 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5272: 5269: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5097:LZ77 + Range 5096: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5029: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4969: 4966: 4965: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4939: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4743: 4736: 4731: 4729: 4724: 4722: 4717: 4716: 4713: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4621: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4607: 4604: 4601:on 2009-09-05 4600: 4596: 4595: 4589: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4577: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4515: 4504: 4498: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4457: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4424: 4416: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4383: 4375: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4334: 4319: 4312: 4306: 4287: 4283: 4282: 4274: 4268: 4249: 4245: 4244: 4236: 4230: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4197: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4144: 4136: 4134:9780852967102 4130: 4126: 4122: 4121: 4113: 4111: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4077: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4047: 4039: 4037:9789812709998 4033: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4016: 4008: 4006:9780203904183 4002: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3985: 3974: 3967: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3942: 3934: 3928: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3898: 3884:on 2000-09-14 3883: 3879: 3878: 3870: 3863:(in Spanish). 3862: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3798: 3787: 3780: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3738: 3730: 3728:9780387782638 3724: 3720: 3716: 3715: 3707: 3688: 3684: 3683: 3675: 3668: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3624: 3617: 3609: 3607:9783319056609 3603: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3548: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3521: 3508: 3502: 3494: 3492:9783642126512 3488: 3484: 3479: 3478: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3456: 3454:9788190639675 3450: 3446: 3439: 3437: 3422: 3416: 3402: 3395: 3386: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3345: 3343:9780240806174 3339: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3322: 3314: 3312:9780080922508 3308: 3304: 3300: 3299: 3291: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3266: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3204: 3196: 3194:9781461507994 3190: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3173: 3166: 3165:entire image. 3161: 3159:9781461560319 3155: 3151: 3147: 3146: 3138: 3124: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3091: 3075: 3069: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3041: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3009: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2984: 2979: 2973: 2957: 2950: 2944: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2917: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2893: 2885: 2881: 2875: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2824: 2820: 2814: 2806: 2799: 2783: 2776: 2762: 2758: 2751: 2736: 2732: 2726: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2692: 2687: 2680: 2665: 2661: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2636:0-7695-2545-8 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2574: 2567: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2515: 2508: 2492: 2485: 2466: 2459: 2452: 2444: 2438: 2421: 2420: 2412: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2370: 2366: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2311: 2309: 2289: 2282: 2275: 2267: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2251: 2242: 2228:on 2022-04-09 2227: 2223: 2217: 2209: 2203: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2180:: 1649–1668. 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2157: 2141: 2137: 2130: 2128: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2093: 2086: 2084: 2075: 2069: 2061: 2059:1-57955-008-8 2055: 2051: 2050: 2042: 2034: 2028: 2020: 2014: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1988: 1981: 1973: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1948: 1940: 1938:9781848000728 1934: 1930: 1923: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1897: 1890: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1856: 1849: 1847: 1839: 1837: 1825: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1806: 1802: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1765:Motion coding 1763: 1761: 1760:Modulo-N code 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1718: 1715: 1710: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1670:Blu-ray Discs 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1534: 1524: 1522: 1516: 1514: 1513:entropy coder 1509: 1507: 1502: 1500: 1499:deduplication 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1472: 1463: 1461: 1456: 1452: 1446: 1440: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1399:video quality 1396: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1379: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1241:Dolby Digital 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171:speech coding 1168: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1153:Adaptive DPCM 1150: 1146: 1142: 1134: 1129: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1082: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 993: 991: 986: 982: 981:audio quality 977: 975: 970: 968: 964: 955: 951: 946: 937: 935: 930: 928: 924: 920: 916: 911: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 876: 874: 873:curve fitting 868: 866: 862: 858: 857:high fidelity 854: 849: 847: 843: 839: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 790: 786: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 751:, the use of 750: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 670: 655: 653: 648: 646: 642: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 602: 599: 591: 581: 577: 573: 567: 566: 562: 557:This section 555: 551: 546: 545: 539: 535: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 506: 502: 498: 492: 490: 485: 481: 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 461:NVIDIA Maxine 457: 455: 451: 448:According to 446: 444: 439: 436: 432: 428: 418: 416: 412: 411:coding theory 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 382: 380: 375: 373: 369: 368:speech coding 365: 360: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 337: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 290: 288: 287:psychovisuals 284: 279: 274: 269: 260: 255: 245: 243: 238: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 194:probabilistic 190: 188: 184: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 142: 140: 136: 132: 128: 125: 120: 110: 108: 104: 100: 95: 93: 89: 85: 81: 76: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 49:source coding 46: 42: 37: 33: 19: 9289:File sharing 9262:File manager 9256: 9252:File copying 9099:Organisation 9044:8.3 filename 8998:Sidecar file 8976:Magic number 8801:Preservation 8791:Philanthropy 8684: 8655:Augmentation 8570:MSU Lossless 8414:Nero Digital 8361:Nero Digital 7875:KGB Archiver 7807: 7579: 6817:(GB/T 22726) 6478:Multichannel 6334:MSU Lossless 6248:AVS1 P2/AVS+ 6202:TrueMotion S 6140:H.265 / HEVC 6086:Part 1 / EVC 6074:Part 3 / VVC 6040:Part 2 / ASP 5961: 5868:Hutter Prize 5832:Quantization 5737:Compensation 5531:Quantization 5254:Compensation 4820:Shannon–Fano 4760:Entropy type 4741: 4627: 4599:the original 4593: 4584: 4528: 4524: 4514: 4497: 4478: 4474: 4464: 4437: 4433: 4423: 4399:(2): 274–5. 4396: 4392: 4382: 4350:(20): e159. 4347: 4343: 4333: 4321:. Retrieved 4317: 4305: 4293:. Retrieved 4279: 4267: 4255:. Retrieved 4241: 4229: 4217:. Retrieved 4213: 4204: 4174:the original 4153: 4143: 4119: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4064:. Retrieved 4060:the original 4056:CSIP website 4055: 4046: 4022: 4015: 3991: 3984: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3927: 3915:. Retrieved 3911:the original 3906: 3897: 3886:. Retrieved 3882:the original 3876: 3869: 3855: 3838: 3834: 3828: 3803: 3797: 3772: 3747: 3743: 3737: 3713: 3706: 3694:. Retrieved 3680: 3667: 3633: 3629: 3616: 3597: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3501: 3476: 3444: 3424:. Retrieved 3415: 3404:. Retrieved 3394: 3385: 3366: 3362: 3352: 3328: 3321: 3297: 3290: 3280:13 September 3278:. Retrieved 3268: 3258: 3217: 3213: 3203: 3179: 3172: 3163: 3144: 3137: 3126:. Retrieved 3100: 3098:(May 1996). 3090: 3078:. Retrieved 3068: 3058:13 September 3056:. Retrieved 3051:The Atlantic 3049: 3040: 3030:13 September 3028:. Retrieved 3018: 3008: 2996:. Retrieved 2992:the original 2981: 2972: 2960:. Retrieved 2943: 2926: 2922: 2916: 2890: 2874: 2863:. Retrieved 2833: 2829: 2813: 2804: 2798: 2786:. Retrieved 2775: 2764:. Retrieved 2761:Ars Technica 2760: 2750: 2739:. Retrieved 2737:. 2023-05-25 2734: 2725: 2714:. Retrieved 2709: 2700: 2679: 2667:. Retrieved 2663: 2653: 2618: 2608: 2583: 2579: 2566: 2524: 2520: 2507: 2495:. Retrieved 2484: 2472:. Retrieved 2465:the original 2451: 2427:, retrieved 2418: 2411: 2382:(1): 90–93. 2379: 2375: 2329: 2323: 2316:Ahmed, Nasir 2295:. Retrieved 2274: 2249: 2241: 2230:. Retrieved 2226:the original 2216: 2202: 2173: 2169: 2156: 2144:. Retrieved 2139: 2114:. Retrieved 2102: 2098: 2048: 2041: 2018: 2013: 1997: 1993: 1980: 1953: 1947: 1928: 1922: 1909:(1): 18–23. 1906: 1902: 1889: 1877:. Retrieved 1865: 1861: 1833: 1827:. Retrieved 1812: 1805: 1770:Range coding 1724: 1707: 1686:iTunes Store 1664:(CABAC) and 1648: 1581: 1551: 1536: 1517: 1510: 1503: 1496: 1477: 1453:records the 1448: 1411: 1390:quantization 1383: 1375: 1348: 1341: 1329: 1327: 1308: 1290: 1270: 1266: 1264: 1245: 1223: 1165: 1138: 1135:for PC, 1990 1110: 1095: 1088: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1065: 1058: 1023: 994: 978: 971: 959: 954:bandlimiting 950:spectrograms 931: 912: 900:Dolby TrueHD 877: 869: 853:compact disc 850: 835: 827:quantization 792: 747: 725: 698: 672: 651: 649: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 609: 594: 585: 570:Please help 558: 509: 493: 477: 458: 454:Hutter Prize 447: 440: 424: 388: 376: 364:audio signal 361: 338: 291: 265: 239: 191: 143: 122: 96: 77: 59:using fewer 52: 48: 44: 38: 36: 9128:File system 9013:System file 9003:Sparse file 8961:File format 8947:Binary file 8861:Stewardship 8751:Integration 8700:Degradation 8685:Compression 8665:Archaeology 8650:Acquisition 8317:compression 8139:compression 8050:compressors 7821:compression 7535:MOD and TOD 7476:Flash Video 7414:3GP and 3G2 7095:HEIC / HEIF 7047:compression 6807:Audio Vivid 6542:MPEG-D USAC 6537:MPEG-4 CELP 6532:MPEG-4 HVXC 6447:compression 6279:Apple Video 6195:and AOMedia 6145:H.266 / VVC 6135:H.264 / AVC 5977:compression 5962:compression 5827:Prefix code 5680:Frame types 5501:Color space 5327:Convolution 5057:LZ77 + ANS 4968:Incremental 4941:Other types 4860:Levenshtein 4475:Information 4095:: 356–364. 2710:www.ibm.com 2613:D. Scully; 2365:Nasir Ahmed 2134:Lane, Tom. 1590:standards. 1543:Nasir Ahmed 1455:differences 1439:Inter frame 1363:Inter-frame 1298:. Although 1287:Video codec 1229:Nasir Ahmed 1030:time domain 789:Audio codec 729:(LZW) is a 636:difference. 302:Nasir Ahmed 154:Terry Welch 135:information 92:line coding 57:information 32:Source code 9316:Categories 9235:Management 9160:Operations 9111:NTFS links 9032:Properties 8881:Validation 8816:Publishing 8806:Processing 8776:Management 8690:Corruption 8680:Collection 8591:See also: 8498:libavcodec 8343:MPEG-4 ASP 8323:comparison 8271:libavcodec 8213:libavcodec 8145:comparison 7972:Commercial 7826:comparison 7769:for codecs 7716:Daubechies 7691:Transforms 7593:Arithmetic 7260:Containers 6965:True Audio 6809:(GY/T 363) 6527:MPEG-4 DST 6522:MPEG-4 SLS 6517:MPEG-4 ALS 6391:SheerVideo 6365:QuickTime 6193:TrueMotion 5959:Multimedia 5884:Mark Adler 5842:Redundancy 5759:Daubechies 5742:Estimation 5675:Frame rate 5597:Daubechies 5557:Chain code 5516:Macroblock 5322:Companding 5259:Estimation 5179:Daubechies 4885:Lempel–Ziv 4845:Exp-Golomb 4773:Arithmetic 3888:2011-11-11 3426:2020-08-23 3406:2020-08-23 3128:2014-04-23 2865:2019-04-21 2766:2024-03-07 2741:2024-03-16 2716:2024-02-05 2691:2006.09965 2664:massive.io 2429:2009-11-07 2332:(1): 4–5. 2232:2021-11-07 2166:T. Wiegand 1829:2011-12-22 1797:References 1565:PictureTel 1344:redundancy 1281:See also: 1133:sound card 983:suffers a 919:MPEG-4 SLS 894:, used in 886:, used in 829:, DCT and 783:See also: 616:difference 538:Comparison 469:TensorFlow 355:use lossy 146:Lempel–Ziv 127:algorithms 9204:Hard link 9085:File size 9008:Swap file 8956:Data file 8951:text file 8886:Warehouse 8851:Scrubbing 8831:Retention 8826:Reduction 8781:Migration 8756:Integrity 8724:Transform 8675:Cleansing 8523:libtheora 8424:QuickTime 8286:OptimFROG 8238:libvorbis 8005:MacBinary 8000:BetterZip 7962:ZipGenius 7901:Xarchiver 7817:Archivers 7518:RealMedia 7120:JPEG 2000 6923:RealAudio 6903:OptimFROG 6381:RealVideo 6369:Animation 6339:OMS Video 5966:container 5861:Community 5685:Interlace 5071:Zstandard 4850:Fibonacci 4840:Universal 4798:Canonical 4634:, Wiley, 4563:206531385 4481:(4): 56. 3997:CRC Press 3652:1932-8346 3574:0005-8580 2929:: 58–68. 2529:CiteSeerX 2396:149806273 2068:cite book 2027:cite book 1644:Panasonic 1549:in 1974. 1547:K. 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