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constitute an acknowledgement of failure to rationalize the problem and to establish functions that underlie the data. We want to measure the separation between the two opinions on the attitude continuum and we want to test the validity of the assumed continuum by means of its internal consistency". Thurstone's approach to measurement was termed the
327:
and also the
Psychometric Society, going on to become the society's first president in 1936. Thurstone's contributions to methods of factor analysis have proved valuable in establishing and verifying later psychometric factor structures, and have influenced the hierarchical models of intelligence in
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Despite his contributions to factor analysis, Thurstone (1959, p. 267) cautioned: "When a problem is so involved that no rational formulation is available, then some quantification is still possible by the coefficients of correlation of contingency and the like. But such statistical procedures
411:
requirement of measurement later articulated by Rasch, which is that relative scale locations must 'transcend' the group measured; i.e. scale locations must be invariant to (or independent of) the particular group of persons instrumental to comparisons between the stimuli. Thurstone (1929) also
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Thurstone's work in factor analysis led him to formulate a model of intelligence centered on "Primary Mental
Abilities" (PMAs), which were independent group factors of intelligence that different individuals possessed in varying degrees. He opposed the notion of a singular
613:
Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; Powell III, John L.; Beavers, Jamie; Monte, Emmanuelle (2002).
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between each of a number of pairs of stimuli with respect to magnitude of a property, attribute, or attitude. Methods based on the approach to measurement can be used to estimate such scale values.
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Thurstone's Law of comparative judgment has important links to modern approaches to social and psychological measurement. In particular, the approach bears a close conceptual relation to the
2197:
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Adkins, Dorothy C. (1964). "Louis Leon
Thurstone: Creative Thinker, Dedicated Teacher, Eminent Psychologist". In Frederiksen, Norman; Gulliksen, Harold (eds.).
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257:(PhD, 1917). He later returned to the University of Chicago (1924–1952) where he taught and conducted research; among his students was
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The
Vectors of Mind. Address of the president before the American Psychological Association, Chicago meeting, September, 1933
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of psychological values. The so-called 'Law', which can be regarded as a measurement model, involves subjects making a
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survey, published in 2002, ranked
Thurstone as the 88th most cited psychologist of the 20th century, tied with
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for scale differences, a criterion which must be satisfied in order to obtain interval-level measurements.
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233:, Sweden, when he was eight years old, before returning to the United States in 1901, settling
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440:(1933) and first President of the American Psychometric Society (1936). He was elected to the
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Gulliksen, H (1968). "Louis Leon
Thurstone, experimental and mathematical psychologist".
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595:. Vol. IV. Worcester, MA: Clark University Press. pp. 295–321. Archived from
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in applications of the Law of comparative judgment whereas the Rasch model is a simple
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Essays in
Philosophy: by Seventeen Doctors of Philosophy of the University of Chicago
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Stout, Dale (February 2000). "Thurstone, Louis Leon (1887-1955), psychologist".
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that factored into the scores of all psychometric tests and was expressed as a
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The Effect of Motion
Pictures on the Social Attitudes of High School Children
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175:(May 29, 1887 – September 29, 1955) was an American pioneer in the fields of
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249:. In 1914, after two years as an instructor of geometry and drafting at the
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1107:"Relationships Between the Thurstone and Rasch Approaches to Item Scaling"
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714:(Benson, Adolph B.; Naboth Hedin. New York: Haskel House Publishers. 1969)
265:. 1952, he established the L. L. Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory at the
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in 1912. Thurstone was offered a brief assistantship in the laboratory of
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Horst, P. (1955). "L. L. Thurstone and the
Science of Human Behavior".
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Horst, P (1955). "L.L. Thurstone and the science of human behavior".
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E. G. Boring; H. S. Langfeld; H. Werner; R. M. Yerkes, eds. (1952).
229:, Illinois, to Swedish immigrant parents. His family returned to
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927:"Psychological measurement from Binet to Thurstone, (1900–1930)"
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Thurstone received numerous awards, including: Best
Article,
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The seven primary mental abilities in Thurstone's model were
1106:
612:
1138:
Thurstone, L. L. (1927). "A law of comparative judgement".
399:(Andrich, 1978), although Thurstone typically employed the
276:
253:, he enrolled as a graduate student in psychology at the
616:"The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century"
281:
Thurstone was responsible for the standardized mean and
183:. He conceived the approach to measurement known as the
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1198:(1). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press: 47–58.
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Ruth C. Peterson & L.L. Thurstone, MacMillan, 1933
470:
Ruth C. Peterson & L.L. Thurstone, MacMillan, 1932
1047:
Wolfle, D (1956). "Louis Leon Thurstone, 1887–1955".
667:. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winson. pp. 1–40.
237:. Thurstone originally received a master's degree in
2198:
Presidents of the American Psychological Association
805:(J. P. Guilford O National Academy of Science. 1957)
474:
Motion Pictures and the Social Attitudes of Children
1249:
History of L. L. Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory
976:"Psychophysical analysis. by L. L. Thurstone, 1927"
490:(Chicago, IL, US: University of Chicago Press 1935)
1185:
1167:Gordon, Kate; Smith, Thomas Vernor, eds. (1929).
965:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
2163:Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
2154:
2178:Fellows of the American Statistical Association
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297:. He is also known for the development of the
2203:Members of the American Philosophical Society
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502:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1947)
187:, and is well known for his contributions to
16:American psychologist and scholar (1887–1955)
496:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1938)
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553:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1400635
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136:L. L. Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory (
677:
665:Contributions to Mathematical Psychology
593:A History of Psychology in Autobiography
277:Factor analysis and work on intelligence
1104:
850:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
725:L. L. Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory
518:L. L. Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory
482:( Psychological Review, 41, 1–32. 1934)
412:articulated what he referred to as the
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547:. New York: Oxford University Press.
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442:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
289:scores used today, as opposed to the
419:
2208:20th-century American psychologists
436:(1954). Thurstone was President of
313:. In 1935 Thurstone, together with
13:
2183:American people of Swedish descent
1286:American Psychological Association
1049:The American Journal of Psychology
983:The American Journal of Psychology
438:American Psychological Association
426:American Psychological Association
328:use in intelligence tests such as
14:
2219:
2173:American intelligence researchers
1237:
1111:Applied Psychological Measurement
782:"Louis Leon Thurstone, 1887–1955"
455:
508:(MacMillan: Norwood Press. 1925)
889:
864:
838:
824:
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796:
786:Individual Differences Homepage
774:
947:(inactive 12 September 2024).
818:Louis Leon Thurstone Biography
803:Louis Leon Thurstone 1887–1955
731:
727:(University of North Carolina)
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563:
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506:The Fundamentals of Statistics
450:American Philosophical Society
407:. Thurstone anticipated a key
1:
1090:10.1126/science.122.3183.1259
760:10.1126/science.122.3183.1259
527:
380:. He applied the approach in
2168:University of Chicago alumni
620:Review of General Psychology
446:National Academy of Sciences
432:(1951); Honorary Doctorate,
371:Contributions to measurement
267:University of North Carolina
194:Review of General Psychology
138:University of North Carolina
7:
1187:"The Measurement of Values"
544:American National Biography
522:Law of comparative judgment
512:
444:in 1937, the United States
378:law of comparative judgment
185:law of comparative judgment
98:Law of comparative judgment
64:Chapel Hill, North Carolina
10:
2224:
1123:10.1177/014662167800200319
918:
464:(London: Routledge. 1924)
462:The Nature of Intelligence
428:(1949); Centennial Award,
293:system originally used by
2001:
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1184:Thurstone, L. L. (1974).
1020:The American Psychologist
642:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139
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2111:Jessica Henderson Daniel
1244:The Vectors of Mind 1934
500:Multiple-Factor Analysis
494:Primary mental abilities
90:Multiple factor analysis
2075:Suzanne Bennett Johnson
1687:Robert Richardson Sears
1532:Harry Levi Hollingworth
1419:Walter Bowers Pillsbury
1324:George Stuart Fullerton
1171:. Chicago: Open Court.
559:(subscription required)
430:Northwestern University
251:University of Minnesota
1795:George Armitage Miller
1485:Margaret Floy Washburn
1401:Henry Rutgers Marshall
974:Thurstone, LL (1987).
846:"Louis Leon Thurstone"
434:University of Göteborg
334:Stanford-Binet IQ test
321:, founded the journal
239:mechanical engineering
225:Thurstone was born in
221:Background and history
211:Margaret Floy Washburn
353:spatial visualization
255:University of Chicago
134:University of Chicago
76:University of Chicago
2117:Rosie Phillips Davis
1848:Wilbert J. McKeachie
1628:John Edward Anderson
1568:Louis Leon Thurstone
1562:Walter Richard Miles
1556:Walter Samuel Hunter
1479:Shepherd Ivory Franz
1413:Charles Hubbard Judd
1395:James Rowland Angell
1318:James McKeen Cattell
1306:George Trumbull Ladd
1192:Psychological Review
1140:Psychological Review
1105:Andrich, D. (1978).
901:search.amphilsoc.org
897:"APS Member History"
834:(Human Intelligence)
792:on 13 December 2003.
689:Simon & Schuster
573:(Indiana University)
414:additivity criterion
341:verbal comprehension
307:general intelligence
263:the structure of DNA
261:, who co-discovered
173:Louis Leon Thurstone
94:Intelligence testing
25:Louis Leon Thurstone
2069:Melba J. T. Vasquez
1938:Charles Spielberger
1896:Janet Taylor Spence
1705:Orval Hobart Mowrer
1699:Laurance F. Shaffer
1580:Albert Poffenberger
1443:Robert S. Woodworth
1389:Mary Whiton Calkins
1082:1955Sci...122.1259H
820:(LoveToKnow, Corp.)
752:1955Sci...122.1259H
487:The Vectors of Mind
401:normal distribution
384:, and later to the
235:Jamestown, New York
215:Robert S. Woodworth
2063:Carol D. Goodheart
1831:Donald T. Campbell
1622:Calvin Perry Stone
1610:Leonard Carmichael
1509:I. Madison Bentley
1467:John Wallace Baird
1407:George M. Stratton
1377:William Lowe Bryan
1330:James Mark Baldwin
1284:Presidents of the
944:10.1007/BF03181359
925:Martin, O (1997).
852:. 10 February 2023
357:associative memory
283:standard deviation
243:Cornell University
80:Cornell University
56:September 29, 1955
2150:
2149:
2129:Jennifer F. Kelly
2099:Susan H. McDaniel
2081:Donald N. Bersoff
2009:Norine G. Johnson
1992:Patrick H. DeLeon
1962:Robert J. Resnick
1920:Raymond D. Fowler
1914:Bonnie Strickland
1866:Nicholas Cummings
1860:M. Brewster Smith
1759:Charles E. Osgood
1640:Edwin Ray Guthrie
1473:Walter Dill Scott
1213:978-0-226-80114-8
1076:(3183): 1259–60.
931:Revue de Synthèse
876:www.nasonline.org
872:"Louis Thurstone"
746:(3183): 1259–60.
712:Swedes in America
698:978-1-9821-1585-2
586:"L. L. Thurstone"
448:in 1938, and the
420:Awards and honors
405:logistic function
291:Intelligence Test
170:
169:
157:Doctoral students
115:Scientific career
2215:
2135:Frank C. Worrell
2033:Ronald F. Levant
2027:Diane F. Halpern
2021:Robert Sternberg
1944:Jack Wiggins Jr.
1926:Joseph Matarazzo
1872:Florence Denmark
1854:Theodore H. Blau
1807:Kenneth B. Clark
1717:Theodore Newcomb
1693:J. McVicker Hunt
1592:Edward C. Tolman
1550:Herbert Langfeld
1437:Howard C. Warren
1431:Edward Thorndike
1336:Hugo Münsterberg
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788:. Archived from
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684:The Code Breaker
679:Isaacson, Walter
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146:Doctoral advisor
108:Thelma Thurstone
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47:, Illinois, U.S.
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2015:Philip Zimbardo
1997:
1980:Martin Seligman
1950:Frank H. Farley
1836:
1783:Gardner Lindzey
1735:Wolfgang Köhler
1711:E. Lowell Kelly
1675:
1616:Herbert Woodrow
1574:Joseph Peterson
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1503:G. Stanley Hall
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1300:G. Stanley Hall
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1026:(11): 786–802.
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691:. p. 392.
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409:epistemological
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349:number facility
332:and the modern
299:Thurstone scale
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207:David Rumelhart
203:James J. Gibson
189:factor analysis
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2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2087:Nadine Kaslow
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
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2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:James H. Bray
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1993:
1990:
1987:
1986:Richard Suinn
1984:
1981:
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1974:Norman Abeles
1972:
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1966:
1963:
1960:
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1956:Ronald E. Fox
1954:
1951:
1948:
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1846:
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1771:Jerome Bruner
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1757:
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1647:
1646:Henry Garrett
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1461:Robert Yerkes
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1455:Raymond Dodge
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1429:
1426:
1425:Carl Seashore
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937:(4): 457–93.
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33:
29:
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19:
2141:Thema Bryant
2045:Sharon Brehm
2002:2001–present
1908:Logan Wright
1801:George Albee
1729:Harry Harlow
1723:Lee Cronbach
1567:
1544:Karl Lashley
1538:Edwin Boring
1497:Lewis Terman
1365:Josiah Royce
1195:
1191:
1168:
1143:
1139:
1114:
1110:
1073:
1069:
1055:(1): 131–4.
1052:
1048:
1023:
1019:
986:
982:
961:cite journal
934:
930:
904:. Retrieved
900:
891:
879:. Retrieved
875:
866:
854:. Retrieved
849:
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831:
826:
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798:
790:the original
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623:
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597:the original
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345:word fluency
344:
340:
338:
322:
315:EL Thorndike
303:
295:Alfred Binet
280:
259:James Watson
224:
192:
172:
171:
151:James Angell
131:Institutions
114:
58:(1955-09-29)
41:May 29, 1887
18:
2193:1955 deaths
2188:1887 births
1652:Carl Rogers
397:Rasch model
386:measurement
319:JP Guilford
271:Chapel Hill
199:John Garcia
2157:Categories
1890:Max Siegel
1342:John Dewey
528:References
390:comparison
311:mental age
37:1887-05-29
1841:1976–2000
1680:1951–1975
1519:1926–1950
1358:1901–1925
1293:1892–1900
1177:257229209
1160:144782881
1131:120407672
650:145668721
628:CiteSeerX
452:in 1938.
365:reasoning
231:Stockholm
1230:13134416
1098:13274085
1061:13302517
953:11625304
768:13274085
681:(2021).
513:See also
1222:5723850
1078:Bibcode
1070:Science
1040:4881041
1011:3322058
1003:1422696
919:Sources
906:6 March
881:6 March
856:6 March
748:Bibcode
740:Science
227:Chicago
45:Chicago
2143:(2023)
2137:(2022)
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2107:(2017)
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2083:(2013)
2077:(2012)
2071:(2011)
2065:(2010)
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2041:(2006)
2035:(2005)
2029:(2004)
2023:(2003)
2017:(2002)
2011:(2001)
1994:(2000)
1988:(1999)
1982:(1998)
1976:(1997)
1970:(1996)
1964:(1995)
1958:(1994)
1952:(1993)
1946:(1992)
1940:(1991)
1934:(1990)
1928:(1989)
1922:(1988)
1916:(1987)
1910:(1986)
1904:(1985)
1898:(1984)
1892:(1983)
1886:(1982)
1880:(1981)
1874:(1980)
1868:(1979)
1862:(1978)
1856:(1977)
1850:(1976)
1833:(1975)
1827:(1974)
1821:(1973)
1815:(1972)
1809:(1971)
1803:(1970)
1797:(1969)
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1761:(1963)
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1576:(1934)
1570:(1933)
1564:(1932)
1558:(1931)
1552:(1930)
1546:(1929)
1540:(1928)
1534:(1927)
1528:(1926)
1511:(1925)
1505:(1924)
1499:(1923)
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1439:(1913)
1433:(1912)
1427:(1911)
1421:(1910)
1415:(1909)
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1403:(1907)
1397:(1906)
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1379:(1903)
1373:(1902)
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1350:(1900)
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213:, and
121:Fields
104:Spouse
66:, U.S.
1156:S2CID
1127:S2CID
999:JSTOR
979:(PDF)
646:S2CID
600:(PDF)
589:(PDF)
241:from
1226:PMID
1218:OCLC
1208:ISBN
1173:OCLC
1094:PMID
1057:PMID
1036:PMID
1007:PMID
967:link
949:PMID
908:2023
883:2023
858:2023
764:PMID
693:ISBN
330:WAIS
317:and
191:. A
179:and
53:Died
31:Born
1200:doi
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