35:
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out-of-season peaks. The form this endemic persistence will take remains to be determined, and the eventual infection prevalence and disease burden will depend on the rate of emergence of antigenically distinct lineages, our ability to roll out and update vaccines, and the future trajectory of virulence (Fig. 4c)....Meanwhile, focusing on the epidemiology of the pathogen, it is important to bear in mind that the transition from a pandemic to future endemic existence of SARS-CoV-2 is likely to be long and erratic, rather than a short and distinct switch, and that endemic SARS-CoV-2 is by far not a synonym for safe infections, mild COVID-19 or a low population mortality and morbidity burden.
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1877:(NBER) questioned major effects of many mitigation and suppression measures. The authors compared the development of casualties connected to SARS-CoV-2 until July 2020, in 25 US states and 23 countries that had counted more than 1.000 overall deaths each. From the date a state passed a threshold of 25 deaths, the statistical study observed a largely uniform development, independently from type and time frame of governmental interactions. Thus, the growth rate of casualties dropped to zero within 20â30 days, and the
1768:(ABMs). Such models have been criticized for being based on simplifying and unrealistic assumptions. Still, they can be useful in informing decisions regarding mitigation and suppression measures in cases when ABMs are accurately calibrated. An Argentinian modelling study asserted that complete lockdowns and healthcare system overextension could be avoided if 45 percent of asymptomatic patients were detected and isolated. Long-term intervention to suppress the pandemic has considerable social and economic costs.
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hundreds of thousands of deaths and overwhelmed health systems. Suppression can be preferred but needs to be maintained for as long as the virus is circulating in the human population (or until a vaccine becomes available), as transmission otherwise quickly rebounds when measures are relaxed. Until now, the evidence for public health (nonpharmaceutical) interventions such as social distancing, school closure, and case isolation comes mainly from
1818:
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resorting to states of emergency. South Korea introduced the mass screening and localised quarantines and issued alerts on the movements of infected individuals. Singapore provided financial support for those infected who quarantined themselves and imposed large fines for those who failed to do so. Taiwan increased face mask production and penalised hoarding of medical supplies. The
67:, and self-quarantine; community measures aimed at physical distancing such as closing schools and cancelling mass gathering events; community engagement to encourage acceptance and participation in such interventions; as well as environmental measures such surface cleaning. It has also been suggested that improving ventilation and managing exposure duration can reduce transmission.
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In the absence of eradication, the virus will likely become endemic, a process that could take years to decades. We will be able to establish that endemic persistence has been reached if the virus shows repeatable patterns in prevalence year on year, for example, regular seasonal fluctuations and no
1986:
An unincentivized and always entirely voluntary use of such digital contact tracing apps by the public was found to be low even if the apps are built to preserve privacy (which may however compete with alternative domestic apps that don't do so and can't always be used), leading to low usefulness of
1759:
Simulations for Great
Britain and the United States show that mitigation (slowing but not stopping epidemic spread) and suppression (reversing epidemic growth) have major challenges. Optimal mitigation policies might reduce peak healthcare demand by two-thirds and deaths by half, but still result in
62:
Part of managing an infectious disease outbreak is trying to delay and decrease the epidemic peak, known as flattening the epidemic curve. This decreases the risk of health services being overwhelmed and provides more time for vaccines and treatments to be developed. Non-pharmaceutical interventions
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to deal with the disease outbreak. Users are asked to enter their name and ID number. The app can detect 'close contact' using surveillance data and therefore a potential risk of infection. Every user can also check the status of three other users. If a potential risk is detected, the app not only
70:
During early outbreaks, speed and scale were considered key to mitigation of COVID-19, due to the fat-tailed nature of pandemic risk and the exponential growth of COVID-19 infections. For mitigation to be effective, (a) chains of transmission must be broken as quickly as possible through screening
2064:
are used to track infected people and people whom they contacted in South Korea, Taiwan, and
Singapore. In March 2020, the Israeli government enabled security agencies to track mobile phone data of people supposed to have coronavirus. According to the Israeli government, the measure was taken to
1737:
such as contact-tracing and quarantine. Different combinations of measures are used during the initial containment phase, when the virus is first eliminated from a region, and the sustained containment phase, when the goal is to prevent reestablishment of viral transmission within the community.
1728:
More drastic actions aimed at containing the outbreak were taken in China once the severity of the outbreak became apparent, such as quarantining entire cities or imposing strict travel bans. Other countries also adopted a variety of measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus, including
2403:
A key issue for epidemiologists is helping policy makers decide the main objectives of mitigationâe.g. minimising morbidity and associated mortality, avoiding an epidemic peak that overwhelms health-care services, keeping the effects on the economy within manageable levels, and flattening the
1950:
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healthcare material such as nasal swabs and ventilator parts. In one example, when an
Italian hospital urgently required a ventilator valve, and the supplier was unable to deliver in the timescale required, a local startup received legal threats due to alleged patent infringement after
1955:
2289:; thus, a future transition to an endemic phase appears probable. In an endemic phase, people would continue to become infected and ill, but in relatively stable numbers. Such a transition may take years or decades. Precisely what would constitute an endemic phase is contested.
2196:
and better breathability. Some are also researching attachments to existing face-masks to make them more effective or to add self-cleaning features. The pandemic has increased efforts to develop such masks and some have received government grants for their development.
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1987:
the software for pandemic mitigation as of April 2021. A lack of possible features, prevalent errors and possibly other issues reduced their usefulness further. Use of such an app in general or during specific times is in many or all cases not provable or requirable.
1952:
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Increasing capacity and adapting healthcare for the needs of COVID-19 patients is described by the WHO as a fundamental outbreak response measure. The ECDC and the
European regional office of the WHO have issued guidelines for hospitals and
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1426:
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is an important method for health authorities to determine the source of infection and to prevent further transmission. The use of location data from mobile phones by governments for this purpose has prompted privacy concerns, with
2307:, or that COVID-19 must become a less hazardous disease. The severity of endemic disease would be dependent on various factors, including the evolution of the virus, population immunity, and vaccine development and rollout.
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enforce quarantine and protect those who may come into contact with infected citizens. The
Association for Civil Rights in Israel, however, said the move was "a dangerous precedent and a slippery slope". Also in March 2020,
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that attempt to lessen the effects of the virus on society, but which still tolerate some level of transmission within the community. These initial strategies can be pursued sequentially or simultaneously during the
3831:
58:
Mitigation attempts that are inadequate in strictness or durationâsuch as premature relaxation of distancing rules or stay-at-home ordersâcan allow a resurgence after the initial surge and mitigation.
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and beds. In addition, in an attempt to maintain physical distancing, and to protect both patients and clinicians, in some areas non-emergency healthcare services are being provided virtually.
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Epperly DE, Rinehart KR, Caney DN (2020). "COVID-19 Aerosolized Viral Loads, Environment, Ventilation, Masks, Exposure Time, Severity, And Immune
Response: A Pragmatic Guide Of Estimates".
2026:. The system is intended to allow governments to create official privacy-preserving coronavirus tracking apps, with the eventual goal of integration of this functionality directly into the
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and containment, (b) health care must be available to provide for the needs of those infected, and (c) contingencies must be in place to allow for effective rollout of (a) and (b).
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By May 2023, in most countries restrictions had been lifted and everyday life had returned to how it was before the pandemic due to improvement in the pandemic's situation.
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1914:(some people contact more networks faster than others), and a natural tendency of an epidemics to spread quickly at first and slow down, which has been observed in former
1653:
1517:
1480:
4194:
Keshvardoost S, Bahaadinbeigy K, Fatehi F (July 2020). "Role of
Telehealth in the Management of COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Previous SARS, MERS, and Ebola Outbreaks".
1921:
Many reviews find high efficacy of mitigation measures such as vaccines, face masks and social distancing. For instance, a systematic review and meta-analysis found that
4321:
4023:
3239:
1658:
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739:
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1209:
3305:"Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis"
2336:
2073:, to research and prevent the spread of the virus. Russia deployed facial recognition technology to detect quarantine breakers. Italian regional health commissioner
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pandemics, but not yet completely understood. The reviewer
Stephen C. Miller concludes âthat human interaction does not conform to simple epidemiological modelsâ.
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Researchers are developing face-masks which could be more effective at reducing SARS-CoV-2 spread than existing ones and/or have other desired properties such as
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said he has been informed by mobile phone operators that "40% of people are continuing to move around anyway". The German
Government conducted a 48-hour weekend
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by 53% overall. The efficacy may also be substantially higher, especially if certain types of masks are worn or under specific conditions and settings.
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3162:"A modelling study highlights the power of detecting and isolating asymptomatic or very mildly affected individuals for COVID-19 epidemic management"
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reported building, in 37 days, a ventilator (called VITAL). On April 30, NASA reported receiving fast-track approval for emergency use by the
4237:
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509:
358:
207:
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1254:
4481:"Efficacy of Portable Air Cleaners and Masking for Reducing Indoor Exposure to Simulated Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols â United States, 2021"
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Moreover, contact-tracing apps may be designed criteria (<1 metre; and > 15 minutes contact) insufficient for controlling danger.
4835:
4622:"Debulking SARS-CoV-2 in saliva using angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in chewing gum to decrease oral virus transmission and infection"
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to log a user's proximity to other cellphones. (Users are alerted if they have been near someone who subsequently tests positive.)
1899:
for an influence of lockdowns, travel restrictions or quarantines on virus transmission. For contradicting studies, they assume an
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1171:
3582:
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64:
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2764:
Anna LlupiĂ , RodrĂguez-Giralt, Anna FitĂ©, Lola Ălamo, Laura de la Torre, Ana
Redondo, Mar Callau and Caterina Guinovart (2020)
1438:
727:
4015:
2238:
oxygen concentrators were developed, locally manufactured â with prices below imported products â and used, especially during
4454:
2230:
for the new ventilator. As of March 2020, 26 manufacturers around the world have been licensed to make the device. The
4145:"Global Telemedicine Implementation and Integration Within Health Systems to Fight the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action"
1874:
1761:
1599:
1552:
1044:
22:
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3800:
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for shifting of resources at multiple levels, including focusing laboratory services towards COVID-19 testing, cancelling
1841:
1450:
749:
4881:
4373:
5181:"Projecting the SARS-CoV-2 transition from pandemicity to endemicity: Epidemiological and immunological considerations"
2286:
2169:
2102:
1882:
1686:
948:
924:
650:
640:
2633:"From emergency response to long-term COVID-19 disease management: sustaining gains made during the COVID-19 pandemic"
1938:
1860:
1507:
662:
140:
667:
44:) and lessening overall cases and health impact. Moreover, progressively greater increases in healthcare capacity (
3853:
3113:"Agent-based modelling for SARS-CoV-2 epidemic prediction and intervention assessment: A methodological appraisal"
34:
4882:"[Updating] Italian hospital saves Covid-19 patients lives by 3D printing valves for reanimation devices"
3913:
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1983:
and more than a hundred other organisations issuing a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.
1412:
1049:
960:
625:
54:
1895:, and found it hovering around one everywhere after the first 30 days of the epidemic. Hence, they did not find
1542:
4530:"Airborne transmission of COVID-19 and mitigation using box fan air cleaners in a poorly ventilated classroom"
2887:"To achieve "zero covid" we need to include the controlled, careful acquisition of population (herd) immunity"
1836:
2921:
1733:
approach aims to prevent viral transmission, using a number of different measures, including vaccination and
1445:
1074:
912:
715:
3944:
3267:. NBER Working Paper, August 2020, Introduction p. 2â4, Conclusion p. 15â16. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
2789:"SARS-CoV-2 elimination, not mitigation, creates best outcomes for health, the economy, and civil liberties"
2681:
2239:
3240:"Lockdowns and Mask Mandates Do Not Lead to Reduced COVID Transmission Rates or Deaths, New Study Suggests"
645:
4784:"Indian tech cos join hands to make open source based oxygen concentrators; to be priced at around Rs 40k"
2022:
jointly announced an initiative for privacy-preserving contact tracing based on Bluetooth technology and
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4593:
3474:
4598:
2031:
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1113:
1101:
1054:
81:
5238:
2787:
Oliu-Barton M, Pradelski BS, Aghion P, Artus P, Kickbusch I, Lazarus JV, et al. (28 April 2021).
1881:
between regions was low, except at the beginning of the epidemics. The authors computed the effective
3212:"Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID19 mortality and healthcare demand"
2404:
epidemic curve to wait for vaccine development and manufacture on scale and antiviral drug therapies.
2314:
2173:
2053:
1143:
919:
685:
630:
101:
Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.
4074:
Checklist for hospitals preparing for the reception and care of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients
2011:
April 2020 more than a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions such as using
21:
This article is about public health management of COVID-19. For medical management of COVID-19, see
3499:
2082:
2081:, which had more than 42,000 participants. Three million people in the UK used an app developed by
1138:
1128:
1096:
1091:
1081:
1034:
1029:
1019:
907:
129:
4705:
2416:
Qualls N, Levitt A, Kanade N, Wright-Jegede N, Dopson S, Biggerstaff M, et al. (April 2017).
3160:
Mayorga L, GarcĂa Samartino C, Flores G, Masuelli S, SĂĄnchez MV, Mayorga LS, et al. (2020).
2952:
Adam D (April 2020). "Special report: The simulations driving the world's response to COVID-19".
2111:
2061:
1942:
1431:
1133:
1118:
1086:
722:
124:
4759:
4620:
Daniell H, Nair SK, Esmaeili N, Wakade G, Shahid N, Ganesan PK, et al. (10 November 2021).
3730:
2321:
with the lifting of public health restrictions or a comforting return to pre-pandemic normality.
3651:"Palantir provides COVID-19 tracking software to CDC and NHS, pitches European health agencies"
2274:
1878:
1123:
1067:
766:
5004:
Markov PV, Ghafari M, Beer M, Lythgoe K, Simmonds P, Stilianakis NI, et al. (June 2023).
3526:
2546:
4094:
Smith AC, Thomas E, Snoswell CL, Haydon H, Mehrotra A, Clemensen J, et al. (June 2020).
3376:
2632:
2281:, the virus that causes COVID-19, suggests it is unlikely it will die out, and the lack of a
2070:
2057:
2035:
1980:
1900:
1562:
1148:
987:
4479:
Lindsley WG, Derk RC, Coyle JP, Martin SB, Mead KR, Blachere FM, et al. (9 July 2021).
5127:
4541:
4276:
2961:
2598:
2541:
2365:"How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?"
2235:
2098:
1739:
1723:
1024:
970:
50:) such as by increasing bed count, personnel, and equipment, help to meet increased demand.
40:
3475:"96% of Canadians who test positive for coronavirus aren't using COVID Alert app properly"
8:
4096:"Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)"
3003:
Squazzoni F, Polhill JG, Edmonds B, Ahrweiler P, Antosz P, Scholz G, et al. (2020).
2703:"Emergency Powers in Response to COVID-19: Policy Diffusion, Democracy, and Preparedness"
2149:
2141:
2132:
5131:
4545:
4280:
3303:
Talic S, Shah S, Wild H, Gasevic D, Maharaj A, Ademi Z, et al. (18 November 2021).
2965:
2602:
2579:
Cirillo, Pasquale and Nassim Nicholas Taleb (2020). "Tail Risk of Contagious Diseases".
1795:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
63:
that may manage the outbreak include personal preventive measures such as hand hygiene,
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whenever possible, separating and isolating COVID-19 positive patients, and increasing
1908:
1175:
710:
705:
4732:
3826:[Corona crisis: Deutsche Telekom delivers anonymized cell phone data to RKI].
3005:"Computational Models That Matter During a Global Pandemic Outbreak: A Call to Action"
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2938:
2926:
2867:
2838:"Active case finding with case management: the key to tackling the COVID-19 pandemic"
2818:
2746:"Mass testing, alerts and big fines: the strategies used in Asia to slow coronavirus"
2618:
2447:
2418:"Community Mitigation Guidelines to Prevent Pandemic Influenza - United States, 2017"
2394:
2285:
that provides long-lasting immunity against infection means it cannot immediately be
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1960:
1904:
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1744:
89:
29:
5210:
5192:
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5135:
5086:
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5017:
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4965:
4932:"Engineers 3D-print patented valves for free to save coronavirus patients in Italy"
4649:
4633:
4565:
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4156:
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2724:
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2519:"Community Mitigation Guidelines to Prevent Pandemic InfluenzaâUnited States, 2017"
2437:
2429:
2384:
2376:
2282:
2261:
2193:
2165:
2145:
2086:
2066:
1748:
936:
902:
46:
3583:"Apple and Google are launching a joint COVID-19 tracing tool for iOS and Android"
3542:
2729:
2702:
2490:"After 'Flatten the Curve', we must now 'Stop the Spread'. Here's what that means"
2164:
There are research-based developments that aim to mitigate COVID-19 spread beyond
5197:
4969:
2773:
2317:
on 5 May 2023. Some politicians and commentators have conflated what they termed
2069:
shared aggregated phone location data with the German federal government agency,
1975:
1676:
4637:
3611:
3238:
Stephen C. Miller (2020-08-26). American Institute for Economic Research (ed.).
1738:
Experts differentiate between zero-COVID, which is an elimination strategy, and
1671:
5074:
5022:
5005:
3792:
3674:
3450:"Vaccine passport apps are here. But the technical challenges are still coming"
3178:
2973:
2200:
Ventilation and air cleaners are also the subject of research and development.
2116:
2089:, made a global call for creative solutions against the spread of coronavirus.
2074:
1911:
2610:
2467:"The US doesn't just need to flatten the curve. It needs to "raise the line.""
1959:
Manual contact tracing via mandatory traveler health forms at New York City's
5263:
5206:
5147:
5082:
4908:"Volunteers produce 3D-printed valves for life-saving coronavirus treatments"
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4561:
4111:
3560:
3328:
3040:
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2912:
2212:
2004:
776:
38:
Goals of mitigation include delaying and reducing peak burden on healthcare (
5139:
4455:"Self-sanitizing face mask project for COVID-19 research receives NSF grant"
4432:"Scientists are racing to design a face mask that can rip coronavirus apart"
3404:"Behind the global efforts to make a privacy-first coronavirus tracking app"
3320:
3063:
5224:
5165:
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4579:
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4129:
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2822:
2777:, Barcelona Institute for Global Health - COVID-19 & response strategy.
2750:
2578:
2451:
2433:
2398:
2362:
2296:
2243:
2023:
5239:"WHO downgrades COVID-19 pandemic, says it's no longer a global emergency"
4207:
3425:"Too few Germans using coronavirus pandemic tracing app | DW | 17.09.2020"
2836:
Li Z, Chen Q, Feng L, Rodewald L, Xia Y, Yu H, et al. (4 June 2020).
2363:
Anderson RM, Heesterbeek H, Klinkenberg D, Hollingsworth TD (March 2020).
2152:
capabilities by training personnel and increasing the number of available
2085:
and Zoe to track people with COVID-19 symptoms. The president of Estonia,
3854:"Moscow deploys facial recognition technology for coronavirus quarantine"
3264:
3251:
2247:
2204:
2019:
4347:
4076:(Report). European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 2020-02-26
3824:"Corona-Krise: Deutsche Telekom liefert anonymisierte Handydaten an RKI"
3021:
2518:
2251:
reverse-engineering and printing the required hundred valves overnight.
16:
Measures to halt the spread of the respiratory disease among populations
3031:
2278:
2153:
2128:
2042:
1730:
1719:
1419:
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781:
116:
4760:"VITAL. THE COVID-19 VENTILATOR DEVICE. Learn More About the Licensee"
4553:
3128:
3080:
2903:
2886:
2332:
Treatment and management of COVID-19#Prevention of onward transmission
4861:"3D printing may help supply more essential coronavirus medical gear"
4809:"Open Source Oxygen Concentrators Reference Designs | Three Examples"
4710:
3159:
2078:
2012:
1915:
1892:
1153:
1004:
4528:
He R(, Liu W(, Elson J, Vogt R, Maranville C, Hong J( (1 May 2021).
3964:"Lockdown is working, suggests latest data from symptom tracker app"
2295:
is a frequently misunderstood and misused word outside the realm of
2719:
2593:
2270:
2234:
increased the demand for oxygen concentrators. During the pandemic
2049:
2046:
recommends self-quarantine, it also alerts local health officials.
1967:
1926:
1896:
110:
4374:"New antiviral masks from Israel may help stop deadly coronavirus"
4161:
3884:"Italians scolded for flouting lockdown as death toll nears 3,000"
2700:
4016:"President makes global call to combat coronavirus via hackathon"
3630:"Apple and Google partner on COVID-19 contact tracing technology"
1009:
4263:
Ku D, Yeon C, Lee S, Lee K, Hwang K, Li YC, et al. (2021).
3002:
2007:
have been implemented or proposed for voluntary use, and as of 7
2000:
Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation
4733:"NASA-Developed Ventilator Authorized by FDA for Emergency Use"
4193:
3500:"Corona-Warn-App 2.0: Check-in per QR-Code startet nach Ostern"
2786:
2415:
5114:
Koelle K, Martin MA, Antia R, Lopman B, Dean NE (2022-03-11).
4836:"How 3D printing could save lives in the coronavirus outbreak"
4322:"Queensland researchers hit sweet spot with new mask material"
4764:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory. California Institute of Technology
4238:"How safe is it to travel on public transport amid COVID-19?"
3278:"Mask-wearing cuts Covid incidence by 53%, says global study"
4399:"Israel to receive 120,000 coronavirus-repelling face masks"
3706:"China's coronavirus app could have unintended consequences"
3527:"Contact-tracing apps and alienation in the age of COVID-19"
4737:
4683:
2660:"WHO ends global health emergency declaration for COVID-19"
2223:
2216:
4999:
4997:
4947:
4945:
3990:"Three million download app to track coronavirus symptoms"
4706:"NASA engineers build new COVID-19 ventilator in 37 days"
4619:
4594:"A chewing gum that could reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission"
4093:
2701:
Lundgren M, Klamberg M, Sundström K, Dahlqvist J (2020).
2682:"China May Be Beating the Coronavirus, at a Painful Cost"
2337:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology
2027:
5003:
4679:"NASA Develops COVID-19 Prototype Ventilator in 37 Days"
2743:
5113:
5107:
5059:"Endemic fatalism and why it will not resolve COVID-19"
4994:
4942:
4478:
4348:"New mask material can remove virus-size nanoparticles"
5172:
4827:
4731:
InclĂĄn B, Rydin M, Northon K, Good A (30 April 2020).
4730:
2780:
2464:
4142:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3009:
Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation
4043:
4041:
3379:, Government of the United Kingdom. 13 February 2020
3302:
2539:
1939:
Management of COVID-19 § Information technology
1903:. Candidates for ignored effects could be voluntary
5050:
3525:Rowe F, Ngwenyama O, Richet JL (2 September 2020).
3524:
3204:
2511:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
4954:"Transition to endemicity: Understanding COVID-19"
4265:"Safe traveling in public transport amid COVID-19"
3793:"Coronavirus: Israel enables emergency spy powers"
3390:
2835:
2309:COVID-19 endemicity is distinct from the COVID-19
2277:disease by many experts. The observed behavior of
4038:
3237:
2922:20.500.11820/59628557-672e-47bb-b490-9c9965179a27
2744:McCurry J, Ratcliffe R, Davidson H (2020-03-11).
5261:
5178:
4899:
3815:
3675:"China launches coronavirus 'close contact' app"
2349:
2311:public health emergency of international concern
5056:
4143:Ohannessian R, Duong TA, Odone A (April 2020).
3762:"Coronavirus tests Europe's resolve on privacy"
3061:
2465:Barclay E, Scott D, Animashaun C (2020-04-07).
2219:proteins grown via plants â bind to the virus.
2176:medications and similar conventional measures.
1713:
4527:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
3233:
3231:
2829:
2242:. Due to capacity limitations in the standard
2038:is also providing COVID-19 tracking services.
5179:Cohen LE, Spiro DJ, Viboud C (30 June 2022).
4951:
4670:
3604:
2181:public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic
2034:mobile platforms. In Europe and in the U.S.,
1845:that contextualizes different points of view.
1831:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
1694:
4697:
4676:
4262:
4066:
3442:
3369:"Expert interview: What is contact tracing?"
96:
4416:
4049:"Hospital readiness checklist for COVID-19"
3263:Andrew Atkeson, Karen Kopecky und Tao Zha:
3228:
3110:
2458:
2159:
4446:
3759:
3401:
3117:Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
2878:
2228:United States Food and Drug Administration
2107:Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic
1891:with the aid of different models like the
1701:
1687:
5214:
5196:
5155:
5116:"The changing epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2"
5090:
5021:
4977:
4653:
4569:
4504:
4296:
4170:
4160:
4119:
3942:
3550:
3336:
3187:
3177:
3136:
3079:
3030:
3020:
2920:
2902:
2861:
2812:
2758:
2728:
2718:
2657:
2592:
2545:
2441:
2388:
2179:Researchers investigate for safe ways of
1993:
1971:The contact tracing app "Corona-Warn-App"
1861:Learn how and when to remove this message
4371:
2110:
1966:
1946:
53:
33:
3531:European Journal of Information Systems
2254:
1873:In August 2020, a working paper by the
1754:
1427:Neurological and psychological symptoms
5262:
4905:
4429:
3987:
2884:
2203:Researchers report the development of
4952:Antia R, Halloran ME (October 2021).
4485:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
4452:
4013:
3961:
3864:from the original on 22 February 2020
3821:
3685:from the original on 28 February 2020
3254:, August 2020, there Figure 2, p. 18.
3062:Sridhar D, Majumder MS (April 2020).
2737:
2673:
2487:
4703:
4319:
4100:Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare
3790:
3612:"Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing"
3257:
2951:
2481:
2409:
1875:National Bureau of Economic Research
1811:
1775:
1762:epidemiological compartmental models
23:Treatment and management of COVID-19
4352:Queensland University of Technology
4149:JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
3361:
2679:
2041:In February 2020, China launched a
13:
5270:Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
4858:
4833:
4026:from the original on 24 March 2020
3924:from the original on 24 March 2020
3894:from the original on 20 March 2020
3834:from the original on 24 March 2020
3803:from the original on 18 March 2020
3772:from the original on 20 March 2020
3741:from the original on 20 March 2020
3265:Four stylized facts about Covid-19
3111:Maziarz M, Zach M (October 2020).
2103:List of countries by hospital beds
1932:
14:
5281:
4677:Good A, Greicius T (2020-04-23).
4196:Telemedicine Journal and e-Health
3968:King's College London News Centre
2422:MMWR. Recommendations and Reports
2240:a COVID-19 pandemic wave in India
3945:"Hackathon Germany: #WirvsVirus"
3703:
2477:from the original on 2020-04-07.
2260:This section is an excerpt from
1816:
1780:
1735:non-pharmaceutical interventions
1670:
5231:
4924:
4874:
4852:
4801:
4776:
4752:
4724:
4613:
4586:
4521:
4472:
4391:
4372:Leichman AK (28 January 2020).
4365:
4345:
4339:
4313:
4256:
4230:
4187:
4136:
4087:
4007:
3981:
3955:
3936:
3906:
3876:
3846:
3784:
3753:
3723:
3697:
3667:
3643:
3622:
3593:from the original on 2020-05-22
3575:
3518:
3492:
3467:
3417:
3402:Ingram D, Ward J (2020-04-07).
3296:
3270:
3153:
3104:
3055:
2996:
2945:
2694:
2651:
2500:from the original on 2020-03-26
5057:Steere-Williams J (May 2022).
4403:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
3760:Manancourt V (10 March 2020).
2885:Bhopal RS (9 September 2020).
2707:Nordic Journal of Human Rights
2625:
2572:
2554:
2533:
2092:
1:
5006:"The evolution of SARS-CoV-2"
3943:Dannewitz J (23 March 2020).
3543:10.1080/0960085X.2020.1803155
2854:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31278-2
2805:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00978-8
2767:What Is a Zero-COVID Strategy
2730:10.1080/18918131.2021.1899406
2562:"Viral Load Exposure Factors"
2381:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30567-5
2342:
2131:, Sweden, contains temporary
2052:analytics on cellphone data,
2018:On 10 April 2020, Google and
5198:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010591
4970:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.019
3920:(in German). 18 March 2020.
1714:Initial containment measures
1451:Alzheimer's disease patients
976:Misinformation and hesitancy
7:
4638:10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.11.008
3914:"Kreative Lösungen gesucht"
3731:"Gov in the Time of Corona"
3373:Blog: Public Health Matters
2639:. World Health Organization
2547:10.1101/2020.10.03.20206110
2523:Recommendations and Reports
2325:
2142:primary healthcare services
1771:
10:
5286:
5075:10.1016/j.puhe.2022.02.011
5023:10.1038/s41579-023-00878-2
4599:University of Pennsylvania
3506:(in German). 31 March 2021
3250:With link to the complete
3179:10.1186/s12889-020-09843-7
2974:10.1038/d41586-020-01003-6
2273:is predicted to become an
2259:
2096:
1997:
1936:
1717:
27:
20:
4886:3D Printing Media Network
4453:Vavra C (18 April 2020).
4014:Whyte A (21 March 2020).
3822:BĂŒnte O (18 March 2020).
2611:10.1038/s41567-020-0921-x
2315:World Health Organization
2313:, which was ended by the
2246:, some manufacturers are
1789:This section needs to be
760:World Health Organization
4430:Karlin S (12 May 2020).
4320:Layt S (14 April 2020).
4112:10.1177/1357633x20916567
3791:Tidy J (17 March 2020).
3064:"Modelling the pandemic"
2209:mitigate COVID-19 spread
2160:Research and development
1749:vaccine-induced immunity
930:Public health mitigation
614:By country and territory
5140:10.1126/science.abm4915
4906:Peters J (2020-03-17).
3988:Lydall R (4 May 2020).
3949:Datenschutzbeauftragter
3888:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
3321:10.1136/bmj-2021-068302
2187:Novel vaccine passports
2062:artificial intelligence
1943:Government by algorithm
1745:acquired immunity phase
1432:Post-exertional malaise
772:Undercounting of deaths
4497:10.15585/mmwr.mm7027e1
4289:10.1126/sciadv.abg3691
3962:Staff (8 April 2020).
3222:COVID-19 Response Team
2488:Wiles S (2020-03-14).
2434:10.15585/mmwr.rr6601a1
2136:
2135:for COVID-19 patients.
1994:Information technology
1972:
1964:
1925:cuts the incidence of
1590:Science and technology
1466:Death rates by country
680:International response
102:
59:
51:
4840:MIT Technology Review
4704:Wall M (2020-04-24).
4208:10.1089/tmj.2020.0105
3710:MIT Technology Review
3552:10536/DRO/DU:30143215
3377:Public Health England
2658:Heyward G, Silver M.
2189:have been developed.
2114:
2097:Further information:
2083:King's College London
2071:Robert Koch Institute
2058:mobile phone tracking
2036:Palantir Technologies
1998:Further information:
1981:Amnesty International
1970:
1958:
1901:omitted variable bias
1839:by rewriting it in a
1740:mitigation strategies
1718:Further information:
1615:Xenophobia and racism
1481:Emergency evacuations
100:
57:
37:
28:Further information:
3860:. 21 February 2020.
3681:. 11 February 2020.
2799:(10291): 2234â2236.
2680:Qin A (2020-03-07).
2255:Living with COVID-19
2211:. The ingredients â
2133:intensive care units
2115:An army-constructed
2099:Flattening the curve
1764:and, in particular,
1755:Costs and challenges
1747:through natural and
1724:Flattening the curve
1350:Association football
971:Operation Warp Speed
41:flattening the curve
5132:2022Sci...375.1116K
5126:(6585): 1116â1121.
4813:Electronics For You
4546:2021PhFl...33e7107H
4459:Control Engineering
4281:2021SciA....7.3691K
3022:10.18564/jasss.4298
2966:2020Natur.580..316A
2603:2020NatPh..16..606C
2146:elective procedures
2005:Several mobile apps
1907:, the structure of
1883:reproduction number
1548:Other health issues
1075:Variants of concern
4788:The Economic Times
4244:. 12 November 2021
3284:. 18 November 2021
3252:NBER Working Paper
2772:2022-01-03 at the
2687:The New York Times
2375:(10228): 931â934.
2222:On 23 April 2020,
2137:
2054:facial recognition
1973:
1965:
1909:social interaction
1766:agent-based models
1040:OxfordâAstraZeneca
878:federal government
789:National responses
103:
65:wearing face masks
60:
52:
5010:Nat Rev Microbiol
4964:(10): 2172â2176.
4626:Molecular Therapy
4554:10.1063/5.0050058
4534:Physics of Fluids
3737:. 19 March 2020.
3454:The Seattle Times
3166:BMC Public Health
3129:10.1111/jep.13459
3081:10.1136/bmj.m1567
2960:(7803): 316â318.
2904:10.1136/bmj.m3487
2566:ReallyCorrect.com
2232:COVID-19 pandemic
1961:LaGuardia Airport
1956:
1905:social distancing
1871:
1870:
1863:
1825:This article may
1810:
1809:
1711:
1710:
1476:Domestic violence
1385:Gridiron football
1220:Financial markets
993:Vaccine passports
740:Social distancing
701:International aid
90:COVID-19 pandemic
30:Flatten the curve
5277:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5218:
5200:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5159:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5094:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5025:
5001:
4992:
4991:
4981:
4949:
4940:
4939:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4657:
4632:(5): 1966â1978.
4617:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4573:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4508:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4427:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4300:
4275:(43): eabg3691.
4269:Science Advances
4260:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4242:News-Medical.net
4234:
4228:
4227:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4174:
4164:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4123:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4045:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3994:Evening Standard
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
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3903:
3901:
3899:
3880:
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3873:
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3869:
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3843:
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3839:
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3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
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3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
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3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3554:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3421:
3415:
3414:
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3388:
3387:
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3359:
3358:
3340:
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3291:
3289:
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3268:
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3247:
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3225:
3220:Imperial College
3216:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3191:
3181:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3140:
3123:(5): 1352â1360.
3108:
3102:
3101:
3083:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3034:
3024:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2924:
2906:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2848:(10243): 63â70.
2833:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2784:
2778:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2722:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2596:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2529:(1). 2017-04-12.
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2392:
2360:
2319:endemic COVID-19
2283:COVID-19 vaccine
2262:Endemic COVID-19
2194:biodegradability
2125:Eastern hospital
2087:Kersti Kaljulaid
2067:Deutsche Telekom
2010:
1957:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1842:balanced fashion
1820:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1675:
1674:
1183:Arts and culture
999:Current vaccines
925:Drug repurposing
920:Drug development
897:Medical response
77:
76:
47:raising the line
5285:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5247:
5245:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5191:(6): e1010591.
5177:
5173:
5112:
5108:
5055:
5051:
5002:
4995:
4950:
4943:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4916:
4914:
4904:
4900:
4891:
4889:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4866:
4864:
4857:
4853:
4844:
4842:
4832:
4828:
4818:
4816:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4792:
4790:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4768:
4766:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4743:
4741:
4729:
4725:
4716:
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4702:
4698:
4689:
4687:
4675:
4671:
4618:
4614:
4604:
4602:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4526:
4522:
4491:(27): 972â976.
4477:
4473:
4463:
4461:
4451:
4447:
4437:
4435:
4428:
4417:
4407:
4405:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4380:
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4356:
4354:
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4340:
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4257:
4247:
4245:
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4235:
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4188:
4141:
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4092:
4088:
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4077:
4072:
4071:
4067:
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4056:
4047:
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4039:
4029:
4027:
4012:
4008:
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3986:
3982:
3972:
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3960:
3956:
3941:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3912:
3911:
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3895:
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3877:
3867:
3865:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3820:
3816:
3806:
3804:
3789:
3785:
3775:
3773:
3758:
3754:
3744:
3742:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3659:
3657:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3635:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3596:
3594:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3458:
3456:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3409:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3380:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3301:
3297:
3287:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3262:
3258:
3244:
3242:
3236:
3229:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3158:
3154:
3109:
3105:
3060:
3056:
3001:
2997:
2950:
2946:
2883:
2879:
2834:
2830:
2785:
2781:
2774:Wayback Machine
2763:
2759:
2742:
2738:
2699:
2695:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2577:
2573:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2538:
2534:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2503:
2501:
2486:
2482:
2463:
2459:
2414:
2410:
2361:
2350:
2345:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2265:
2257:
2162:
2121:Ăstra sjukhuset
2109:
2095:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1976:Contact tracing
1963:in August 2020.
1947:
1945:
1935:
1933:Contact tracing
1890:
1867:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1837:help improve it
1834:
1821:
1817:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1757:
1726:
1716:
1707:
1677:COVID-19 portal
1669:
1664:
1663:
1578:Catholic Church
1553:Popular culture
1415:
1405:
1404:
1245:Performing arts
1178:
1172:Economic impact
1164:
1163:
1159:Lineage B.1.617
1070:
1060:
1059:
1045:PfizerâBioNTech
903:Disease testing
898:
890:
889:
733:Fake treatments
681:
673:
672:
609:
599:
598:
143:
32:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5283:
5273:
5272:
5256:
5255:
5230:
5185:PLOS Pathogens
5171:
5106:
5049:
5016:(6): 361â379.
4993:
4941:
4923:
4898:
4873:
4851:
4826:
4800:
4775:
4751:
4723:
4696:
4669:
4612:
4585:
4520:
4471:
4445:
4434:. Fast Company
4415:
4390:
4364:
4338:
4326:Brisbane Times
4312:
4255:
4229:
4202:(7): 850â852.
4186:
4135:
4106:(5): 309â313.
4086:
4065:
4037:
4006:
3980:
3954:
3935:
3905:
3875:
3845:
3814:
3783:
3752:
3722:
3696:
3666:
3642:
3621:
3603:
3574:
3537:(5): 545â562.
3517:
3491:
3466:
3441:
3429:Deutsche Welle
3416:
3389:
3360:
3295:
3269:
3256:
3227:
3203:
3152:
3103:
3054:
2995:
2944:
2877:
2828:
2779:
2757:
2736:
2713:(4): 305â318.
2693:
2672:
2650:
2624:
2587:(6): 606â613.
2581:Nature Physics
2571:
2553:
2532:
2510:
2480:
2457:
2408:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2303:does not mean
2266:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2161:
2158:
2150:intensive care
2117:field hospital
2094:
2091:
2075:Giulio Gallera
1995:
1992:
1934:
1931:
1888:
1869:
1868:
1824:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1807:
1788:
1786:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1756:
1753:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1543:Notable deaths
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1523:Media coverage
1520:
1518:Long-term care
1515:
1513:LGBT community
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1108:Other variants
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1050:Sinopharm BIBP
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1001:
1000:
996:
995:
990:
985:
984:
983:
973:
968:
966:Authorizations
963:
958:
957:
956:
946:
940:
939:
933:
932:
927:
922:
917:
916:
915:
910:
899:
896:
895:
892:
891:
888:
887:
882:
881:
880:
870:
869:
868:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
806:European Union
803:
798:
792:
791:
785:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
763:
762:
755:United Nations
752:
747:
742:
737:
736:
735:
730:
728:by governments
723:Misinformation
720:
719:
718:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
665:
659:
658:
654:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
617:
616:
610:
605:
604:
601:
600:
597:
596:
590:
589:
584:
579:
578:
577:
567:
566:
565:
555:
554:
553:
543:
542:
541:
531:
530:
529:
519:
518:
517:
507:
506:
505:
495:
494:
493:
483:
482:
481:
471:
470:
469:
458:
457:
453:
452:
451:
450:
440:
439:
438:
428:
427:
426:
416:
415:
414:
404:
403:
402:
392:
391:
390:
380:
379:
378:
368:
367:
366:
356:
355:
354:
344:
343:
342:
332:
331:
330:
320:
319:
318:
307:
306:
302:
301:
300:
299:
289:
288:
287:
277:
276:
275:
265:
264:
263:
253:
252:
251:
241:
240:
239:
229:
228:
227:
217:
216:
215:
205:
204:
203:
193:
192:
191:
181:
180:
179:
169:
168:
167:
156:
155:
151:
150:
144:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
114:
105:
104:
93:
92:
86:
85:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5282:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5226:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5175:
5167:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5102:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5063:Public Health
5060:
5053:
5046:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5000:
4998:
4989:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4948:
4946:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4913:
4909:
4902:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4862:
4855:
4841:
4837:
4830:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4727:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4700:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4673:
4665:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4616:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4589:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4540:(5): 057107.
4539:
4535:
4531:
4524:
4516:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4475:
4460:
4456:
4449:
4433:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4379:
4375:
4368:
4353:
4349:
4342:
4327:
4323:
4316:
4308:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4190:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4162:10.2196/18810
4158:
4155:(2): e18810.
4154:
4150:
4146:
4139:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4075:
4069:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4010:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3833:
3830:(in German).
3829:
3825:
3818:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3787:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3711:
3707:
3700:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3631:
3625:
3618:. 2020-04-10.
3617:
3613:
3607:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3480:
3476:
3470:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3405:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3266:
3260:
3253:
3241:
3234:
3232:
3224:. 2020-03-16.
3223:
3221:
3213:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
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2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2740:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2676:
2661:
2654:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
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2590:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2548:
2543:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2244:supply chains
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2006:
2001:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1977:
1969:
1962:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1865:
1862:
1854:
1851:December 2021
1844:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1801:December 2021
1792:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1528:Mental health
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:Combat sports
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1270:sportscasting
1268:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1230:Food security
1228:
1226:
1225:Food industry
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
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4055:. 2020-03-25
4053:euro.who.int
4052:
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3828:Heise Online
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3632:. 2020-04-10
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3282:The Guardian
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2024:cryptography
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1923:mask-wearing
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1595:Social media
1456:Black people
1400:Rugby league
1380:Gaelic games
988:Vaccine card
929:
908:Breathalyzer
663:Cruise ships
73:
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45:
39:
18:
4936:Global News
4605:13 December
4248:15 November
3504:t3n Magazin
3479:Global News
3315:: e068302.
3288:18 November
3172:(1): 1809.
3032:10037/19057
2637:www.who.int
2494:The Spinoff
2428:(1): 1â34.
2248:3D printing
2236:open source
2207:that could
2154:ventilators
2093:Health care
1879:variability
1644:New Zealand
1498:Environment
1321:New Zealand
1289:Video games
913:Development
846:Philippines
836:New Zealand
831:Netherlands
691:Evacuations
668:Naval ships
5012:(Review).
4960:(Review).
4917:2020-03-20
4892:2020-03-20
4867:2020-04-05
4859:Tibken S.
4845:2020-04-05
4834:Temple J.
4769:2021-03-04
4717:2020-04-24
4690:2020-04-24
4080:2020-03-27
4059:2020-03-27
3918:Startseite
3735:GovInsider
3660:2020-04-22
3655:TechCrunch
3636:2020-04-10
3597:2020-04-10
3587:TechCrunch
3410:2020-04-10
3406:. NBC News
3383:2020-02-28
3245:2020-09-11
2842:The Lancet
2793:The Lancet
2720:2007.00933
2594:2004.08658
2504:2020-03-13
2343:References
2287:eradicated
2279:SARS-CoV-2
2170:repurposed
2129:Gothenburg
2043:mobile app
1937:See also:
1731:zero-COVID
1720:Zero-COVID
1610:Telehealth
1471:Disability
1420:Long COVID
1395:Motorsport
1390:Ice hockey
1360:Basketball
1295:By country
1260:Television
1235:Journalism
1015:Convidecia
961:Deployment
866:government
782:Zero-COVID
716:by country
696:Face masks
626:Antarctica
117:SARS-CoV-2
5207:1553-7374
5148:1095-9203
5083:0033-3506
5069:: 29â30.
5040:257983412
4912:The Verge
4711:Space.com
4646:1525-0016
4562:1070-6631
4378:Israel21c
4224:216111135
3569:224891520
3561:0960-085X
3355:244271780
3329:1756-1833
3098:216074714
3074:: m1567.
3049:216426533
3041:1460-7425
3015:(2): 10.
2990:214771531
2939:221538577
2913:1756-1833
2897:: m3487.
2619:215828381
2079:hackathon
2013:Bluetooth
1916:Influenza
1893:SIR model
1629:Diplomacy
1563:Pregnancy
1533:Migration
1503:Hospitals
1486:Education
1375:Disc golf
1176:recession
1154:Cluster 5
1055:Sputnik V
1005:CoronaVac
711:Lockdowns
607:Locations
575:responses
563:responses
558:September
551:responses
539:responses
527:responses
515:responses
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256:September
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165:responses
113:(disease)
5264:Category
5225:35771775
5166:35271324
5101:35316742
5032:37020110
4988:34626549
4958:Immunity
4664:34774754
4580:34040337
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4307:34678065
4216:32329659
4181:32238336
4130:32196391
4030:23 March
4024:Archived
3973:20 April
3928:23 March
3922:Archived
3898:20 March
3892:Archived
3868:20 March
3862:Archived
3838:25 March
3832:Archived
3807:18 March
3801:Archived
3797:BBC News
3776:20 March
3770:Archived
3766:POLITICO
3745:20 March
3739:Archived
3704:Chen A.
3683:Archived
3679:BBC News
3591:Archived
3347:34789505
3198:33246432
3147:32820573
3090:32317328
2982:32242115
2931:32907816
2872:32505220
2823:33932328
2770:Archived
2498:Archived
2475:Archived
2452:28426646
2399:32164834
2326:See also
2271:COVID-19
2166:vaccines
2119:outside
2050:Big data
1927:COVID-19
1912:networks
1897:evidence
1772:Efficacy
1639:Malaysia
1622:Politics
1605:Suicides
1573:Religion
1558:Protests
1538:Military
1508:Language
1355:Baseball
1343:By sport
1316:Malaysia
1275:programs
1255:Shipping
1193:Cannabis
1188:Aviation
1068:Variants
949:Research
937:Vaccines
745:Software
587:December
582:November
474:February
443:December
431:November
323:February
292:December
280:November
172:February
141:Timeline
111:COVID-19
82:a series
80:Part of
5248:29 July
5216:9246171
5157:9009722
5128:Bibcode
5120:Science
5092:8841151
4979:8461290
4819:13 June
4793:13 June
4655:8580552
4571:8142835
4542:Bibcode
4506:8312755
4298:8535823
4277:Bibcode
4172:7124951
4121:7140977
3858:Reuters
3715:7 March
3689:7 March
3510:8 April
3484:8 April
3459:8 April
3434:8 April
3338:9423125
3189:7691976
3138:7461315
2962:Bibcode
2863:7272157
2814:8081398
2599:Bibcode
2542:medRxiv
2443:5837128
2390:7158572
2301:Endemic
2293:Endemic
2275:endemic
2032:Android
1835:Please
1791:updated
1634:Ireland
1600:Strikes
1568:Prisons
1446:Animals
1439:Society
1413:Impacts
1370:Cricket
1311:Ireland
1284:Tourism
1215:Fashion
1114:Epsilon
1102:Omicron
1035:Novavax
1030:Moderna
1025:Medigen
1020:Janssen
1010:Covaxin
944:History
885:Vietnam
841:Nigeria
826:Ireland
811:Germany
646:Oceania
570:October
462:January
419:October
311:January
268:October
160:January
119:(virus)
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1649:Russia
1491:Female
1326:Russia
1301:Canada
1250:Retail
1210:Disney
1198:Cinema
1144:Lambda
856:Sweden
851:Russia
796:Africa
750:Travel
706:Origin
636:Europe
621:Africa
546:August
395:August
244:August
130:Deaths
84:on the
5036:S2CID
4744:1 May
4346:QUT.
4220:S2CID
3999:8 May
3616:Apple
3565:S2CID
3351:S2CID
3215:(PDF)
3094:S2CID
3045:S2CID
2986:S2CID
2935:S2CID
2909:eISSN
2715:arXiv
2665:9 May
2643:9 May
2615:S2CID
2589:arXiv
2127:) in
2020:Apple
1827:lend
1461:Crime
1306:India
1240:Music
1203:films
1139:Kappa
1129:Theta
1097:Delta
1092:Gamma
1082:Alpha
821:India
816:Ghana
801:China
498:April
486:March
347:April
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196:April
184:March
125:Cases
5250:2023
5221:PMID
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4250:2021
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2224:NASA
2217:ACE2
2172:and
2030:and
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1174:and
1134:Iota
1119:Zeta
1087:Beta
954:VITT
631:Asia
594:2023
534:July
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383:July
371:June
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232:July
220:June
154:2020
148:2019
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4020:ERR
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