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to the Indian
Territory. They were originally intended to provide homes for settlers from the three major clans or groupings of Choctaw Indians comprising the nation. Over time, the clan affiliations and allegiances rapidly became less important after the Choctaw reached Indian Territory, in part
191:
As
Oklahoma's statehood loomed, the Pushmataha District, and its constituent counties, slowly wound down their governmental functions as the United States Courts in the Indian Territory assumed their powers. On November 16, 1907—Oklahoma's Statehood Day—the district and its counties disappeared
142:. Few ferries operated on the rivers to provide convenient crossings. When the court house at Tiak Heli burned in the last part of the 19th century, the district moved its administrative center to Mayhew. Present-day
97:
The districts' importance in the political life of the nation gradually waned, and the three district chiefs lost power and authority to the principal chief of the Nation. Eventually the principal chief became the
164:
Another settler recalled the post oak tree was used as the "whipping tree". Judges of the
Choctaw district courts sentenced some criminals to whippings as punishment. As of 1937, the tree was still in existence.
334:
134:
The first district seat was Tiak Heli, "between the forks of the Boggy" ("or
Boggies"), as it was called. The site was difficult to reach, being situated between the small rivers of
252:
Laws of the
Choctaw Nation, Acts of 1886; Interviews with Charles Stewart Lewis, Indian-Pioneer Papers, Western History Collections of the University of Oklahoma Libraries.
113:
not tried at the county level were bucked to the district level automatically, and court days were the busiest days of the year in the district seats of government.
143:
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said decades later. He thought the district seat was likely considered to be in the center of general population. But, he said, "There were no
33:
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153:"I never understood why court was held in the forks of the Boggy, forcing everyone who attended to cross a river," an early-day
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261:
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In judicial affairs, however, the three districts and their seats of government retained their historic influence.
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because the geography was different, and there was great disruption due to population loss in the removal.
169:
203:
The territory of the former
Pushmataha District is incorporated into the present-day Oklahoma counties of
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divisions of the
Choctaw in their historic territory of the Southeast. The other two districts were the
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58:. Also called the Third District, it encompassed the southwestern one-third of the nation.
8:
139:
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128:
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Pushmataha
District's final and most important administrative seat of government was
277:"Interview with Arthur J. Cline," Indian-Pioneer Oral History Project -Papers, WPA.
55:
185:
89:
These three districts were established when the
Choctaw Nation relocated via the
195:
90:
313:
199:
Pushmataha
District covered the southwestern one-third of the Choctaw Nation.
27:
121:
99:
102:. No longer a "first among equals", he became the sole political leader.
168:
Included in the Pushmataha District were the Choctaw Nation counties of
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62:
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150:) developed about one-half mile west of that historic community.
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154:
50:
was one of three provinces, or districts, comprising the former
268:, Works Progress Administration, University of Oklahoma Library
106:
70:
69:, the Six Towns District, one of the three historic, major
65:, a revered Choctaw warrior and statesman who was chief of
335:
List of place names of Choctaw origin in the United States
262:Hazel B. Greene, "Interview with Cas Vandergriff"
131:developed about two miles south of its location.
311:
61:The Pushmataha District was named in honor of
161:, nor bridges above the forks of the Boggy."
34:History of the Indian Tribes of North America
266:Indian-Pioneer Oral History Project - Papers
288:The Rise and Fall of the Choctaw Republic
241:The Rise and Fall of the Choctaw Republic
194:
312:
32:Chief Pushmataha, 1824, published in
13:
330:1907 disestablishments in Oklahoma
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346:
26:
120:. This was started as a former
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280:
271:
255:
246:
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1:
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301:Historical Atlas of Oklahoma
7:
10:
351:
320:Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
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41:
25:
18:
118:Mayhew, Indian Territory
75:Apukshunnubbee District
200:
79:Moshulatubbee District
198:
127:station. Present-day
186:Kiamitia (Kiamichi)
48:Pushmataha District
201:
146:(in southeastern
144:Sunkist, Oklahoma
140:Muddy Boggy Creek
136:Clear Boggy Creek
129:Boswell, Oklahoma
45:
44:
342:
325:Indian Territory
304:
299:John W. Morris,
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56:Indian Territory
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15:
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290:, pp. 151-154.
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91:Trail of Tears
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52:Choctaw Nation
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286:Angie Debo,
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239:Angie Debo,
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148:Atoka County
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122:Presbyterian
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67:Okla Hannali
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47:
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303:, plate 38.
174:Jack's Fork
314:Categories
227:References
221:Pushmataha
125:missionary
63:Pushmataha
20:Pushmataha
192:forever.
111:criminals
264:(1937),
243:, p. 40.
213:Choctaw
182:Jackson
159:ferries
155:settler
85:History
54:in the
219:, and
184:, and
107:Crimes
209:Bryan
205:Atoka
170:Atoka
100:chief
217:Coal
178:Blue
138:and
109:and
77:and
71:clan
316::
223:.
215:,
211:,
207:,
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180:,
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81:.
36:.
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